IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


Y 


^ 


// 


^/  ■<^:^^^.. 


/. 


J 


f/. 


rf" 


fe 


'^ 


1.0 


I.I 


14 


12.0 


1.8 


1-25      1.4   ||.6 

< 

6" 

► 

/2 


/ 


y 


>^ 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


w 


^^ 


^^ 


:\ 


\ 


'1.^ 


c^ 


23  We?T  MAIM  STKSn 

WEBSTER, N.I.  .4580 

(716)  873-4503 


<^ 


<^ 


<^>^- 
'f^.% 


u. 


'^ 


.d> 


^ 


4 


*^^ 
€> 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions 


Institut  Canadian  da  microreproductions  historiquas 


1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notea/Notat  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chacitad  balow. 


n 


D 


n 


D 


Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I      I    Covars  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagie 


Covars  restorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastaurie  et/ou  palliculAa 


nCovar  title  missing/ 
Le 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (I.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  rellure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdriaure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever'  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutias 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  iorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppi^mentaires; 


Th 
to 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  la  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  At*  poaaibia  da  se  procurer.  Les  dAtaiis 
da  cet  exemplaire  qui  aont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mtthoda  normala  de  fiimage 
aont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagias 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurtas  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dAcoiorftes.  tachetAes  ou  piqM^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppiimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~|  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

[71  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I     I  Only  edition  available/ 


Th 
po 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
th( 
sio 
oti 
fin 
sio 
or 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totaiement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmies  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  d 
obtanir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


26X 


30X 


^■^1^   H^^^H   W^m^^  ^^l^H   HI^^^H   ^^^^H   ^^^HHI  ^^^^Hi   Bai^BH  ■■■■■   ^^^HH   ^H^^H   ■■■■i 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


tl 


Th 
sh 
Til 
wl 

Ml 
dif 
en 
be 

rifl 

re( 
mi 


ails 

du 

tdifier 

une 

nage 


* 


The  copy  filmad  hara  has  baan  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  of  tha  Public 
Archivas  of  Canada 

Tha  imagas  appearing  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ara  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^►(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ure  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaira  film*  f ut  reproduit  grice  6  la 
gAnArositi  de: 

La  bibiiothiqua  das  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 

Las  images  sulvantas  ont  M<l  reproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  ia  nettet*  de  I'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Lea  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  filmte  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commen9ant  par  la 
pramlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  la  symbols  ^^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichi,  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaira.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  ia  mAthode. 


irrata 
to 


pelure, 
nd 


1 

2 

3 

1 


n 

32X 


6 


/.  s 

<   a 


Lewis  &  Dryden 


MARINE   HISTORY 


OK  THK 


Pacific  Northwest 


AX    ru.-STRATKn    KKMKU-   OH    THK    OROWTH    AXn    DKVEr.OPMHXT   OF    THK    MARITIME 

iNinisTRv,  FROM  run  a„ni.:nt  of  the  earliest  xavigators  to  the 

■•RlvSHXT  TIM,.:.  WITH  SKETCHES  AND  PORTRAITS  OF  A  XUMBER 
OF    WEIJ<    KNOWN    MARINE    MEN 


i;iMTi:u  nv 


E.    W.    WRIGHT 


PORTLAND.  OKlx-.ox 
Tm;  l,i:\vi,s  ^:  I)i<vi,i.;n  Ph,x,in,;  l'o.mpanv 

1895 


Bntered  according  tu  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1895,  by 

THK  I.KWIS  &   DRYDKN   PRINTINC.   COMI'ANY, 

in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


PREFACE 


IN  ESSAYING  to  place  on  reiord  a  history  of  the  greatest  industry  on  tlie 
Pacific  Coast,  care  has  been  exercised  to  present  a  correct  and  truthful  account 
in    accordance    with    the    relative    importance    of    the    various    details    which 

collectively  form  the  work.  The  ancient  Bt\iTi'r.  Olhr,  Lot  Wliikomb,  and 
other  craft  of  a  contemporaneous  period,  wouk^  appear  insinnilicant  indeed  in 
competition  with  the  lloatin;;  palaces  of  the  present  day ;  and  yet  none  of  the 
majiniticent  steamers  which  have  supplanted  them  command  a  tithe  of  the  attention 
or  importance  accorded  them  while  they  were  blazin;;  the  way  for  their  eleyant 
successors.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  in  many  instances  much  space  has  been 
devoted  to  both  steam  and  sailing  craft,  the  dimensions  of  which  were  not  at  all 
in  proportion  to  their  historical  importance. 

The  territory  covered  by  the  history  is  of  such  scope  that  ri;;id  condensation 
has  been  absolutely  necessary  to  enable  the  presentation  of  so  many  matters  of 
interest  to  marine  men ;  and,  as  the  work  is  exc!usi\  ely  a  record  of  maritime 
projjress,  the  international  boundary  controversies,  the  "Oregon  Question,"  anil 
kindred  themes,  have  been  left  for  the  historical  uriters  who  have  in  a  measure 
ignored  marine  matters.  The  vanjzuard  of  civilization  for  centuries  has  been  led 
by  the  mariners,  and  their  achievements  from  the  days  of  Columbus  mark  the 
beyinninj;  of  history  in  e\ery  new  country  which  has  become  a  portion  of  the 
known  world.  Notwithstandinj;  this  fact  the  chroniclers  of  Northwestern  history 
touch  but  briefly  on  the  subject,  followinu  it  no  farther  than  its  niception.  With 
the  e.xception  of  the  official  documents  in  the  custom-house--  and  the  log-books  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company's  vessels,  all  other  records  anil  similar  sources  of  inforniation 
have  likewise  furnished  but  little  of  interest.      As  a  result,  a  considerable  portion 


VI 


PRHHACK 


of  the  iliitii  from  whiih  tlu"  ^ri-ati-r  part  of  this  work  has  heen  i-oinpilfd  was 
necessarily  secured  from  men  who  participated  in  the  events  chronicled.  Wherever 
contlictinjj  statements  have  been  received  from  parlies  equally  qualified  to  yive 
information  on  a  question,  an  effort  has  been  made  to  harmonize  such  statements 
without  materially  cliannini;  the  facts.  Statistics,  which  under  all  circumstances 
are  dry  reading!,  are  dispensed  with  as  far  as  possible,  and  these  pages  contain 
only  such  as  are  necessary  in  illustrating  the  growth  of  tl".'  industry. 

The  kindly  assistance  and  co-operation  of  hundreds  of  marine  men  in  the 
Northwest  has  rendered  the  production  of  so  extensive  a  review  possible,  and,  as 
a  work  of  their  own  creation,  it  is  herewith  submitted. 

h".  W.  W. 
AUGUSI,    1895. 


CONTENTS 


CHAI'TUR   I. 

tiiceiitlves  for  Marine  Rxploralion  in  the  Vacific  Nortliwest  —  MaKellaii  Knters  tlie  I'acific  Meii<lo7.a  Oinpalclieii  tlie  I'irat 
Fleet  to  Search  for  tlie  Northwest  I'asaaue  -  Arrival  of  Sir  Francis  Drake  ami  the  "Golden  Hind"— Jiian  de 
Fneii's  Discovery  —  Wreck  of  the  Beeswax  Ship  —  Hcceta  Discovers  the  River  St.  Roc  —  Captain  Cook'* 
Explorations  — I'ortlock  and  Dixon  Arrive,  1786  Uentenanl  Meares  and  the  "  Nootka  "  —  I.annchinn  "f  the 
First  Vessel  in  the  Northwest  —  Meares  Kntcrs  the  Straits  of  Jnun  de  Fura  —  Arrival  of  t'.rny  and  Kcndrick  With 
the  "Columbia"  and  "  I.ady  WasliinKton  "  -Spain  Seizes  all  Hrilish  Vessels  in  the  Northwest— Capt.  C.eorKe 
Vancouver  Arrives  with  the  "  Discovery  "  and  "  Chatham  "  —  Oray  Knters  and  Names  the  Columbia  -Cfrowlh  of 
the  Fur  Trade— Massacre  of  the  Crew  of  the  Ship  "  Boston  "—Rise  and  I'all  of  Aslor's  Kuterprise  at  the  Mouth 
of  the  Columbia  —  Fate  of  the  "Tonc|uiu"  —  Schooners  "Vancouver"  and  "  Dolly  "  I.aunched  —  Wreck  of  the 
"  William  and  Ann  "--The  Pioneer  Steamer  "  Beaver  "  Arrives  -  I.OK-books  of  Steamer  "  Beaver  "  and  Schooner 
"  Vancouver  "—H.  M   S.  "Sulphur" 


CHAPTER   II. 

Building  of  the  "  Star  of  Oregon  "  I.oss  of  the  Brig  "  Peacock  "  -Arrival  of  the  Barks  "  Maryland  '  and  "  Chenamus  " 
—The  Schooners  " Calapooia "  and  "Wave"  Built  on  the  Columbia  Wreck  of  the  "Shark  "  Crowtli  of  the 
Coasting  Busiues.s— F'irst  Mail  Received  at  Portland— The  "Sylvia  de  C.rasse  "  anil  Other  Noted  Wrecks  -Fl.Uboat 
Navigation  of  the  Willamette  The  First  River  Steamboat— Arrival  of  the  Pioneer  Steamships  "  Caroline  '  and 
"Cold  Hunter  "—The  Steamer  "  Lot  Whitcomb  "  Launched  -  The  Columbia  River's  First  Pilot  Schooner  — The 
Unipipia  River  Receives  a  \'isit  From  Ocean-going  Vessels— Branch    Licenses  Issued  to  Columbia  River  Pilots  . 


CHAPTER   III. 


The  First  Steamer  on  the  t'pper  Willamette  —  The  Steamers  "Multnomah,"  "Caneniali,' 
"  Blackhawk  "  —The  "James  P.  Flint  "  on  the  Middle  Columbia  —  The  Iron  Propeller 
Mining  Started  at  Fort  Rupert -The  Steamship  "  Columbia" —The  Venerable  "tVoliah 
License  Issued  on  Puget  Sound  -"  Kxact  "  arrives  at  Alki  Point  with  I'ounders  of  .Seattle 
in  Vessels— I.oss  of  the  Steamship  "Cieneral  Warren  "  The  Pacific  Mail  Fstablislies  IIead(|Uarters  at  St.  Iltlens  - 
Oyster  Schooners  on  Sboalwater  Bay  Additions  to  the  Coasting  I'leet  -  The  "Susan  Slurgis  '  Si-i/ed  by  the 
Indians— Steamship  "  Beaver"  .Seized  for  Violation  of  Revenue  Laws  — Loss  of  the  Bark  "  Lord  Kaglaii."  anil  the 
Brigs  "Bordeaux  "  and  "Marie"  .    . 


"  Washington  "  and 
'  Willameltf  "  -  Coal 
'The  I''irsl  Coasting 
Change  of  Ownership 


.'..^ 


CHAPTER    IV. 

Arrival  of  the  Steamer  "Traveler"  on  Puget  .Sound  Loss  of  the  "  Major  Tompkins"  —  Puget  Sound  Steamers  "  Water 
Lily  "  and  "  Daniel  Webster  "— The  Pioneer  Steamship  "California"  Steamship  "  America  "—The  "James 
Clinton  "  Reaches  I{ugeue  City  on  the  Willamette  -  Indian  Troubles  on  the  Columbia  and  Puget  .Souml  The 
Steamship  '  Oregon  " — Schooner  "  Calaniet  "—Wreck  of  the  "  Desdemoua  "—Arrival  of  Steamer  "  Conslitiitioii  " 
— Steamer  "Sea  Bird" — Steamboats  "Surprise"  and  "  Klk  "  —  Steamers  "Ilassalo"  and  "  Mouiitaiu  lluik  " 
— Steamer  "  Vancouver  " — A  Tnalitin  River  .Steamboat — Oregon's  First  liar  Tug,  the  "  I'carless"  The  llarkeutine 
"Jane  A.  Falkeuberg" — Steamer  '  Portland  "  Swept  Over  Oregon  City  F'alls  -Boiler  Ivxplo-iions  011  .Steamers 
"  Fairy  "  and  "  Washington  "  -  Rush  to  the  Fraser  River  (iold  Mines  —  Building  of  Steamers  "  Fli/a  AndersDii  " 
and"Julia"  —  Loss  of  the  Steamer  "Traveler"  —  The  "Venture,"  the  I'irst  .Steamer  to  Shoot  the  Cascades — 
The  Novel  Trip  of  the  "  Maria  "  From  San  Francisco  to  Puget  Sound 


5.S 


CHAPTER    V. 

First  Steamboat  on  I'liper  Columbia— Steamers  "Cioveruor  Douglas"  and  "Colonel  Moody"  Built  at  Victoria  .'\rrival 
of  Steamship  '■  Labouchere "— The  First  Lighthouse  Tender-Steamer  "Carrie  Ladd"— Steamship  "Jolin  T. 
Wright"  Built  at  Port  Ludlow— The  I'niou  Transportation  Company- The  "Kuterprise,"  the  I'irst  Steamer 
oil  the  Chehalis  River  —  The  San  Juan  Trouble  —  Puget  Sound  Lumber  Fleet  —  Boiler  Ivxplo.sion  on  Steamer 
"Caledonia" — Schooners  "  Blue  Wing"  and  "  Kllen  Marie"  Destroyed  by  the  Indians  and  Crews  Murdered  - 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company— A  Cattle-power  Boat  on  the  Willamette— Steamer  "  Idaho  "  —  Victoria 
Steamers  "Henrietta,"  "Hope,"  and  "Flying  Dutchman  "—Loss  of  Steamship  "  Norllieruer"— Wreck  of  the 
"John  Mar:, hall,"  "Consort,"  "  Floreucia,"  and  "Nanette"  .Sidewheelei  "  Ivnterprise  "  011  the  .Sound  as  an 
Opposition  Boat— First  Propellers  Built  in  the  Victoria  District— Boiler  Explosions  on  the  "Cariboo"  and 
"Fort  Yale  "  —Steamers  "Tenino"  and  "  Okanogan  "-Captain  Taylor  Brings  the  "St.  Clair"  Over  Oregon 
City  Falls -Lo.ss  of  Schooner  "Woodpecker"  Brig  "Persevere"  Founders  Off  Flattery— Fourteen  Lives  Lost 
oil  the  F'raser 


.So 


CHAPTER    VI. 

The  Golden  Days  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company— The  People's  rransporlatiou  Company— Portland's  I'irst 
Seaside  Boat  —  HoUaday's  Jlo.nx)  a  Month  Subsidy  —  British  Steamers  "Thames"  and  "Diana"  Captain 
Irving's  "  Reliance"— William  Moore  Opens  Navigation  on  the  .Slickeen  River— Steamer  "  Shubrick  "  Versus 
Port  Townsend— The  Oldest  Shipmaster  iu  the  Northwest— Wreck  of  .Schooner  "Tolo,"  Bark  "Ann  Barnard," 
and  Schooner  "  Brant  "—Establishment  of  Steamboat  luspector's  Office  in  Portland— War  ami  Peace  Between 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  and  People's  Transportation  Compauies  -Many  New  Steamers  Built— The  F'irst 
Steamer  Over  the  Rapids  at  Celilo— Pioneer  .Sound   Steamers  "J.  B.  Libby"  and  "Mary  Woodruff"  "     British 


viil 


COKTKNTS 


Colutnhiii  I.nke  Sleaiiicra  "  I'riiu-F  iir  WnlrH,"  "  rriiii-c  AlCreil,"  Htiil  "  Sentim  "  "Tlir  "  NHrraiiiiMir'ii"  Loiik 
Trip  I'nmi  San  l'r»iictiM-o  to  tli--  S<iiinil  The  SlemiUT  "New  Worlil "  Arriven  on  the  Coliiiiihin  ■  Straiiierii 
"  Cucailet,"  "YRkiuiH,"  niul  "Uwyhre"  "I'miiiie  Troii|i,"  "  Seimlor,'  mid  "  Kcli»iice "  -The  "Maria" 
I'orrciteil  to  tlie  I'liileil  SlHlen  (■.oveniitient  — Tlie  "Celilo,  "  the  Seroiiil  SteHtiier  Over  the  Canrmleii  -Tlie 
"  l-'iilclcier "  ~  William  Moure'H  Steamer  "  Alexamlria "— Cnpt.  Jiiiiiny  Joik'h'  Celehratetl  C'riiiHe  with  the 
"Jeiiiiy  Jotie»  " — I'UKet  SoiiikI  Steamcm  "  lllack  Iiiaiiioiiil  "  anil  "  I'inueer  "-  The  Tnx  "  Cyrim  Walker" — 
Victoria'*  I'irp'  I'ilot  Sehnoner  Wreck  of  the  Harkii  "Iwanowna"  anil  "Ocean  llird,"  anil  Schooner  "Cornelia 
Terry"     lloiler  Kxploaion  on  Steamer  "Mnry  WoolrnlT" 


Iii6 


CHAI'THR   VII. 

ItOai  of  the  "  llrother  Jonathan  "—Willamette  Steam  Navigation  Company  The  Dalle*  Schooner  Navifiation  Company 
— Oppoaitinn  on  the  Cowlitz  Konte  Steam*hi]>H  "Del  Niirte"  ami  " Ori/.alia "  -  Col.imliia  Kiver'*  i''ir*t  liar 
TuK— t'pper  Columhia  Steamer  "  I'orly-nine"— The  "Sii  Jame*  Dongla*"— The  I'irale  "  Shenaiuloah  " -  I'uxet 
Sound'*  I.umlicr  Ditere*t*  -Wreck  of  the  Hark  "  Indnittry  '— Crew  of  the  "Royal  Cliailie"  Murdered  by  the 
Northern  Indiana— The  "Shoahone"  huunched  at  I'ort  lloine  ( )reKon  \  Montana  Transportation  Company 
—Steamer*  "Mary  Mooily,"  "Cabinet"  and  "  Miw.niiln"  The  " Okanogan "  llroUKht  to  the  Middle  River— 
Chehali*  River  Steamer  "Salnall"  The  "Jinic  MrNrar"  on  Tn^et  Sound  —  HritiHh  Steamer  "  Isaliel  " - 
Steauiahip*  "  I'idelaler"  and  "Coniiiantine"  The  KuHHian- American  TeleKriiph  Company  -Ship  "  NixhtinKale" 
—Anchor  Line  Steamahipii  "Montana"  and  "IdRho  '— The  "Continental"  and  the  Mercer  Ctirl*— Steamohip 
"Oriflamme"     Wreck  of  the  Steaniihip  "  I.nlioiuiifre  "  and  Mark   "Manna  Kea  " 


CHAPTHR   VIII. 

ilfect  of  Alaaka  I'urchaae  on  Marine  lluiiinc«H  The  SteaniHhip  "  t'olitkofiiky  "  —  Cnuihination  of  SteaniHliip  Interest*— 
The  "  Idaho  "  and  "California  "  —Cowlitz  Steam  NaviKation  Conipniiy  The  "  New  World  "  on  I'ugel  Sound— 
Ciray's  llarlior  Steamer*  "Chehali*"  and  "Carrie  Davin  '-Wreck  of  the  "  W.  II.  Scranton  "—The  Willamette 
I'alU  Canal  S:  Lucks  Company  —  Steamer*  "  Sncce**  "  and  "Albany  "  —  The  "V.  S.  (irant"  on  the  Ilwaco 
Route— New  Steamer*  on  I'UKet  Sound -lloiler  Ivxplo.Hiou  on  the  "Resolute"  Steamer  "  Kandoops"—Coa9tin({ 
Fleet  of  1868  — Columbia  River's  First  ('.rain  \'e*sel  —  llarratry  Case  nf  the  Schooner  "  Hailcy  "  -  Capt.  J.  D. 
Warren'*  Battle  w'*li  Northern  Indians  W  >^ck  of  the  Cnited  States  Steainship  "  Suwannee  "  and  Other  Vessels 
— Ore({ou  Steam  Navi({atiou  Company  Killers  the  I'icld  on  Vn^ct  Sound -Steamers  "Olympia"  and  "  Alida  " 
—  The  "  C.ussie  Telfair"  —  Thrilling  lind  of  the  (".iinboat  "  I'lirward  "  —  Tuy  "  .\storia "- North  I'licific 
Trans|Mirtation  Company  —  Mercer's  New  Vork  I.ine  of  Salliii);  Vessels— The  "Jnlin  Bright "  Wrecked  and  Crew 
Murdered— The  Derelict  "Maria J.  Smith" 


'55 


CHAPTER   IX. 

The  "Sh-shone's"  Snake  River  Trip  —  The  "  Oueoula  "  Brought  to  the  I,ov\er  River  —  Steamers  "Missoula"  and 
"Cabinet"  Kilter  I'end  d'Oreille  l,akc--Tlie  Second  "  Vancmivcr  "  —  The  Willamette  Navigation  Cmnpany  The 
Thk  "Merrimac" — The  "Swan's"  Trip  to  RoseburK  011  the  rmpijua  The  Sleanisliip  "Pelican  "Steamship 
"  llrappler  "  —  Increase  in  KoreiKii  ('.rain  Sliipmeiits  —  Pu^et  Sound  Produces  Fast  Sailing  Vessels— The  "  North 
I'acitic  "  and  "  Zephyr  "  — Inspection  District  Fstablislied  on  I'uget  Sound— First  Kictnscs  Issued  Steamers 
"Annie  Stewart,"  "Dixie  Thompson  "  and  "  Hiiiina  Ilaywaril"  Iteii  llolladay  Furclmser.  the  People's 
Transportation  Company's  Steamers— The  W'lanulte  FrciKhliiig  Coinpaiiy  -  Columbia  Transportation  Company 
—  First  Steamship  Fnlers  Ro);ue  River  —  The  Steamship  '  Cunstantiiie  "  Kuiiiiing  Opposition  — Boiler  Fxplosioii 
on  Steamer  "  Family  Harris  "—Wreck  of  Baik  "  Ilattie  Besse  '  and  Steamer  "  I'.  S.  rtrant  " — Steamer*  "Maude" 
and  "  Blakely  "  — Steamships  "Prince  Alfred"  and  "  Ivastport  "  —  Vaiiuina  Hay  Steamer  "Oneatta"  —  The 
Oregon  Steamship  Company  —  Puget  Sound's  Lumber  I'leet  —  Iluiler  Ivxptosion  on  Sleainer  "Resolute"  at 
Portland 


i8r 


CHAPTKR    X. 

Mysterious  I'ale  of  the  "  George  S.  Wright "  —  First  Steamer  ThrouKli  the  Locks  at  Oregon  City  —  Steamers  of  the 
Willamette  River  Transportation  Company— The  Steamer  "  Daisy  Ainsworlh  "  —Tugs  "  Scilalia  "  and  "  F'earless" 
— The  Coos  Bay  &  Coipiille  Transportation  Company  —  Merchants'  Traiis]>ortation  Company  of  Olympia-  British 
Steamer  "Union" — Northwestern  Lumber  IMeet  of  187^  — The  Willamette  River  Steamer  "  Ohio  "—Steamer 
"  Willamette  Chief"  — Columbia  &  Willamette  Barge  Company Tugs  "  C.  J.  llreiiham  "  and  "  Katie  Cook  "  — 
Steamers  "  f.lenora  "  and  "Ccni  "  on  the  Stickeeii  River  —  Steaiusliip  "  Los  Angeles  "  —  Licensed  Officers  in  the 
Puget  Sound  Ins|>ection  District  —The  Oregon  Clipper  "Western  Shore  "  -Wheal  Shipineiils  I'roni  Astoria^ 
Shipbuilding  on  Puget  Sound  Wreck  of  the  "Panther.  "  "Sidi,"  "  FMwin,"  Diana,"  and  Other  Well  Known 
Vessels 


304 


CHAPTER   XI. 

Loss  of  the  Steamship  "  Pacific  "  —  The  Disastrous  Year  1875  Fxplosion  of  Steamer  "  Senator "  Willamette 
Transportation  &  Locks  Company — Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  .Again  on  the  Willamette  —  .Steamers 
"Occident"  and  "Orient"  -Steamer  "City  of  Salem  "  —  Ilwaco  Steam  Navigation  Company  —  Steamship 
Opposition  on  the  Victoria  Route  — Cassiar  Mining  F;xcitemeiit  Steamers  "  Gleiiora,"  "  Cicrtrude  "  and  "  Royal 
City  "  — The  Oreat  Run  of  the  "Western  Shore"  From  .San  Francisco  -  Farmers'  Transportation  Company — 
People's  Protective  Trans|>ortation  Company  —  The  "  Ocklaliama  "  and  "  .\lmota  "  —  Tugs  "Pilot"  and 
"Columbia "  —  Willamette  Steamer  "  Beaver  "  Goes  to  Ala.ska  —  Steamships  " George  W.  FHder  "  and  "  City  of 
Chester"  Arrive  from  the  Fast  —  Puget  Sound  Transportation  Company  —  Steamboat  Routes  on  Puget  Sound 
Tugs  "Tacoma"  and  "  Alexander  "—The  "Cassandra  Adams"  and  Other  I'ine  Sailing  Vessels  Built  on  the  Sound 
—Puget  Sound's  First  Grain  Cargo— Loss  of  the  Brig  "  Perpelua,"  Schooner  "  ITrania,"  and  Other  Small  Vessels  . 


223 


CONTENTS 


lu6 


CHAI'THR   XII. 

The  I'iiif  StcriiwIifi'liTii  "  Wirli-  Went,"  "R.  K.  TIii)III|ihoii,"  "  Mmiiiliiin  Oiieen  "  ami  "Annie  Kaxon  "  —  8te«inl)OAt 
(HliciTB  111!  Miilclle  unil  rpjitT  Colnniliia  -WillBMirtle  Kivt-r  StfiiMiiTH  "  McMiiiinille  "  nnil  "A.  A.  McCnIly  " 
OppoHilion  to  Slnrrn  I.ini' <)n  I'liKi-l  Soninl  -  Tlie  I'acitio  Cimsl  SiiiiinBliip  rmiipHny  -  Sleiiiiwliip  "  Alexander 
Diiiu'iui"  Ijitcrs  llie  Hiil»law  River  Cohniiliiii  River  tirain  anil  I'liKel  Sciiinil  I.unilier  I'let-t  for  |H«7  Wreck 
of  llie  •■ConinKwIore,"  "  CatnliriciKe,  "  "  SworclfiHli,"  "  Niniliua  "  ami  "  lllack  IvaKlf  "  —  Steain«lilp  "C.reat 
Repulilic"  uM  the  Turtlanil  Roule  —  Steamer*  "Jolin  C.alea"  and  "liarveiit  gneen  "— Jacob  Kanini'H  Steamer 
"l.urline"  -Lewis  and  Lake  River  TranHportatioii  Conipatiy  -The  "Olyinpia"  Returns  to  I'unet  Sound  and  the 
"  WilHon  (1.  Hunt  "  In  Victoria- Mriti»h  Columbia  Lake  Steamer*  "Spallamacheen  "  and  "  I.ady  of  the  Lake  " 
—  I'UKel  Souinl  Steamers  "("lein  "  and  ".|i)»cphine" —Opposition  Pilot  Schooner  on  Columbia  liar— I.oso  of  the 
I'amiius  Clipper  "  Weslirn  Shore"  I'atal  Collision  of  llarks  "  Osmyn  "  and  "  Aureola  "—Wreck  of  the  "  KinK 
Philip,'  "City  of  Dublin"  and  Steamer  "  Heaver"  —  Schooner  "Phil  Sheridan"  Run  Down  by  Steamship 
"  Ancon  " 


24s 


U" 


CHAPTKR   XIII. 

Loss  of  the  Steamship  "  (".real  Republic  '-Arrival  of  the  "  OreKon  "  and  the  "State  of  California  "—OrcKim  Railway  & 
Navixatitm  Company  Succeeds  the  Orenon  Steam  NaviKatiou  Company  -  Numerous  Small  Steamers  Bnilt  on  the 
ColiMubia— The  "f'.eorjje  \',.  Stair"  and  "  Cassiar  "  I,aun-hed  at  Seattle  —  List  of  Steamers  ReKistered  in  the 
PuKe'.  Sound  District  in  1S79  — The  "  Western  Slope"  anil  Other  llritish  Columbia  Steamers  —  Ship  "Olympus" 
Built  at  Seabeck  —Seattle  Coal  I'leel  —  Loss  of  the  "  Marmion  "  and  Other  Sailing'  Vessels— Northern  Pacific 
Steamer  "  Frederick  K.  Hillings"  —The  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company's  I'irst  Steamer,  the  "  llassalo" 
—Coos  Itay  Steamers -Steamship  "Columbia  '  Arrives  on  the  Coast —The  "  William  Irvilljj  "  and  "Peerless"- 
Licensed  Ollicers  in  Puxet  Soninl  Dislrict-  Numerous  Additions  to  the  Steamer  I'leet  on  Pngel  Sound— Columbia 
River  Cirain  I'leel  -  Wreck  of  the  "  Dilliarrie,"  "Cieiieral  Cobb,"  "David  lloadley,"  "Joseph  Perkins," 
"Thrasher,"  "CiUssie  Telfair,"  and  Other  Well   Known  Vessels 


.165 


CHAl'TIvR   XIV. 


lis 


SleauiBliip  "  Vaiiuina  "  lliiill  at  Portland  Tile  Villaid  .Svudicate  Purchases  Ten  Well  Known  Coast  .Steamships  -The  Starr 
Line  on  l'u>;et  Sound  .Accpiireil  by  the  Oregon  Railway  vt  Navigation  Company  The  "Harvest  (Jneen  "  Hrou(jht 
Through  The  Dalles-  The  ■South  lleinl,"  the  I'irst  Steamer  Constructed  on  .Shoalwater  Hay  —  Columbia 
Transportation  Ci>in|>any  I'cople's  fransporlation  Company  —  Shoalwater  Day  Transportation  Company  — 
.Steamer  "Henry  Villard  "  on  Lake  I'eiid  d'Oreille  "Welcome,"  "  .Annie  .Stewart  "  and  "  Rip  Van  Winkle"  go 
to  I'UKel  Sound     Numerous  .Sailing  \essels  lluill  on   Punet  .Souiiil  -  Terrible  hale  of  the  "  Lnpalia  "  —  Wreck  of 

the    "Rival,"    "  I'ern    C.len,"    "  l.animerlaw,"    "('..    IlroUKhton,"     "  Kditli    Lome, fwenty  first    of   May," 

"Corsica,"  "Harvest  Home,"  "  Malieville  "  and  "  Rainier  "—The  Ship  "Olympus"  Iluriied  at  .Sea—  "  Clatsop 
Chief"  Sunk  by  Steamship  "  Orc^jon  " — Closing  Days  of  Steamboat  Supremacy  on  the  Middle  River  -Steamers 
'■  R.  R.  I'lioinpson  "  and  "Mountain  (Jiieeii  "  llroUKht  Over  the  Cascades  Pacific  Coast  .Steamship  Company 
Withdraws  I'rom  the  Colmnbia  River  Trade  -  Portland  Tug  Company  anil  the  "  Pioneer  "  -The  Washington 
Steamboat  Coinpauy 


3.S1 


CHAPTKR    XV. 


The  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  Sleainer  "  Vosmiite  "— J.  1).  Warren's  h'leet  Steamers  "  W.  K.  Merwin  " 
and  "  W,  !•'.  Mnnroe  "  Nninerons  .\dilitiiins  to  the  Steam  Pleet  on  Pnget  Sound —Tug  "  Kscort  No.  2" 
Cieur  d'.Alcne  Transportation  Cmnpany-  Steamer  "  Kninia  llunie  "  Huill  at  Astoria- Coal  and  Lumber  I'leet 
for  |S8;(— A  Vear  of  Disasters  -  I'earful  Loss  of  Life  on  Steamship  "(irappler''  llurniug  of  Steamship 
"  Mi.ssissippi  "  and  Steainer  "  f.em  "  —  Hoiler  llvplosion  on  Steamer  "Josephine" — Wreck  of  Steamships 
"Victoria"  and  "  Tacoma "  -A  (Juarlet  of  Vessels  Wrecked  in  Royal  Roads  — Loss  of  the  "Oiia,"  "  C.  L. 
Taylor,"  "Revere,"  "Whi.sller,"  '  Cairiismore"  ami  "War  Hawk  "  -Mysterious  I'ate  of  the  "J.  C.  Cousins " 
-The  Marine  Engineers'  .Association  —  Arrival  of  Steamers  "Alaskan  "  and  "Olympian" — Captain  Scott's 
"Telephone" — The  Traiister  Steamer  "Tacoma" — Steamer  "Coos  Hay" — Tugs  "Astoria"  and  "  p'avorite  "  — 
The  "  Ivli/.a  .Ainlersim  "  .Again  Running  Opposition  on  the  Sonnil— The  People's  Steam  Navigation  Company 
of  Victoria  —  Steamers  ".Amelia"  ami  "Teaser" — Narrow  I\scape  of  the  Steamshi])  "  I'liiatilla  " — "Tillie  I*!. 
Slarbnck,"  the  I'irst  Iron  Ship  Huilt  in  America— Wreck  of  the   "  Li/.iie  Marshall" 


303 


CHAPTER   XVI. 

New  steamers  on  llritish  Columbia  Lakes  and  Rivers  —  The  "  Kootenai  "  -Willamette 
.Steamers  on  Puget  Sound  and  the  Columbia  — Revenue  Cutler  "Richard  Rush" — 
Wreck  of  the  "  Abbey  Cowper  "  and  "  Dcwa  (iungadhar"  —  The  "  Dolphin  "  and 
Development  Company's  Sleainers  "  Three  Sisters"  and  "  N.  S.  Ilentley  "  —  The 
Sonnil— Tug  "  Mogul  "—The  "  Vnkoii "  and  Her  ".emarkable  Trip  to  Alaska  - 
—  The  "  Man/.anita"  —  The  Kootenai  Lake  .Stea*  lers  "  Spokane  "  and  "  Madge  " 
Pacific  Railway's  I'ir.st  Tea  Shipment  —  Cireat  ,oss  of  Life  and  Property  by  Sh 
I'outiilers  —  Mysterious  Disappearance  of  tin  Hark  "Sierra  Nevada "-- Wrec 
"  Kitsap,""  W.  H,  Hesse,"  Steamship  "  Hariiar  .  Ca.stle,"  "  Sir  Jamseljee  Family," 
Thayer,"  "  Lilly  llrace,"  "  Harvey  Mills, I'mstee  "  and  "  Helviilere  " — llnrning 


.Steamboat  Company  —  Small 
Columbia  River  Cirain  I'leet — 
Rosie  Olsen  "  —  The  Oregon 
'  I'leelwooil  "  (toes  to  Puget 
The  Steruwheeler  "Alaskan" 
—  Steamer  "  Leo  "—Canadian 
ipwreck  —  Steamship  "  Iteda  " 
•k  of  the  "John  Rosenfeld,  " 
'  Carniarthan  Castle,"  "  lUla  S. 
of  the  "  Webfoot" 


327 


CONTKNTH 


CHAI'THR   XVII 

The  CAiiailUii  I'ltrillc  Kmlwiiy  Cuiii|iiitiy'»  Sleniii>lii|i»  —  liu'reaur  in  llriltili  (.'oliiinliiii'ii  Slcmii  fleet  —  <lreK<>"  I'miHi' 
Unilwiiy  Cuiiipiiiiy'a  Sleaiiitliip*  "  Williuiiette  Viillrv  "  niiil  "  I'.iiittrrii  Ori-Kun,"  hikI  T»g»  "  Kraoliite,"  "  RniiKer," 
"Tliinlle"  aii<l  "J.  M.  (.'oleiiian  "  The  Sleniiier  "  Waaro  "  limit  mi  the  Miclille  Hiver  "  Kootenai  Lake 
Steainera  "Siirpriac,"  "•'•aleiia  "  anil  "  llliie  llrll  "  -  ru|{el  S<innil  l.uni'ier  ami  Colninliia  Kiver  drain  I'leet 
Niimeroua  KInr  Sailinx  VciacU  ntiill  In  the  Northwr»l  An  Kplilcmic  of  Marine  Diuitera  —  Myaterloua 
ll|iia|>|)carance  of  the  "  Sierra  Nevada"  ami  "  St.  Stephenii  "  —  Wret-k  of  the  Steainahip*  "  Vn<|nlna  City  "  ami 
"  Yaipilna  Kay  "  —  Canaillan  I'acirir  Steam  NavlKatlon  Conipany'a  Steaniera  "  lalaniler "  anil  "Premier" 
SteatiiHhiim  in  the  Ni)rthwe»lern  Triiile  In  1HH7  The  "  T.  J.  Potter."  "  I'liillne  "  ami  "  Telephone  "  Steam 
.Si'hiHinrra  "  MiclilKan  "  ami  "  l.aknie  "— Sleaniihlp  Service  Kutahliaheil  to  Ciray'*  llarlHir  TuK  "  **e»  I.inn  "  on 
I'liKet  Sonml  -The  "  llai»Hlo"  Shoota  the  CiiHi-ailea  -  PiiKet  Sounil'a  Ciial  ami  l.nuilwr  I'leet  -Pearful  Wrerk 
of  the  "Alwroorn"  -  Boiler  Kxploalon  on  the  "  lliih  IrvliiK"  —  HurninK  of  the  Putfet  SoumI  Steamer  "  Mef 
Krickaon"       


CHAI'Tl'R    Will. 


'  lone,"  "  Moilor  "  nml  "  No  Womler  "    -  Steiiinaliipa 

"City  or  Piichlii  "—Strike  Anionx  the  Norlhweatern 

'  Wreekecl        I.ons  of  the  "  Anoon  "  ami  "  Maho"  — 

ami  "North  lluv  "  llnrne'!  on  the  SoumI       "Clan 


The  I'UKCt  SoumI  Ki  Alaaka  Steaniahip  Company  Steamer*  "State  of  WaahiuKton  "  ami  "  Falrhaven  "— Aililitiona  to 
the  Soiiuil,  Shoal  water  Hay  ami  Cray '«  llarlior  I'leet  Tuk«  "  Lome."  "Alert."  "Active."  "Trinuipli,"  "Wallowa" 
ami  "  Printer"  — Steaniera  "  Delaware."  "(V  \V.  Shaver." 
"  llaytian  Kepuhlic."  "Corona,"  "City  of  Topeka"  ami 
Steaml>oatmen  -  Uml  of  the  "  .Maakan  "  TiiK  "  I'earlesa  ' 
Steamer*  "J.  B.  I.ilihy,"  "  Deapatoh,"  "Bee,"  "Neptune' 
Mackenzie  "  Sunk  hy  Steaniahip  "Oregon  "  .Steainera  "City  of  KinK'*ton  "  ami  "  C  ty  of  .'ieattle  "—Seattle  Steam 
NaviKalion  &  Tranaporlation  Company  Sternwlieelcrn  "  Bailey  ('<at/.ert  "  ami  "  Ct.eyhonnil"  t'nion  Steaniahip 
Comp.iny  of  Vancouver  —  HrilUh  Coliimhia  Sleaincra  "  Myntery."  "  Chieftain."  "  TluHtle,"  "  Slamlanl  "  ami 
"  I'jirle  "  —  Coluinliia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navixalion  Company— .Steamer  "  I.ylton  "  -Canailian  Pacific's  Oriental 
Mnera  "Parthia."  "  Batavia  "  ami  "AliyBsinia"  —  ,Ste.".in«hip  "Alice  Blaiichanl  " — Ship  "Thermopylii"  — 
Diaappearanceof  Bark  "  Nellie  May  "  ami  .Schooner  "  |lou);laa  I)e:irl>orii  "—Wreck  of  the  Steamship  "  Sarilonyx," 
Bark  "  Atalanta,"  Ship  "Slraun  "  ami  Other  Veaaela 


.\''\ 


CHAI'Tl'R    \1X. 

Coluniliia  River  &  Puget  Sound  Navigation  Com;<any  Puxel  Sonml  Tugboat  Company  —  The  Whaleliack  "C.  \V. 
Wetmore  "  — Steuinera  "  Victorian  '  and  '  Flyer  "-- Dallea.  Portluud  S:  Anloria  NaviKBtion  Company  Inland 
Steamers  "  Colnnihia."  "  Norma  "  ami  "  Spokane  "  Cai'iidian  Pacilic  Railway's  Royal  Mail  Steamship  Line  - 
Britiah  Steamers  "Coinox,"  "Capilano"  and  "  Caledonia  "—The  "  Kinhlelon's  "  I.oiik  PaasaKe  Wreck  of  the 
Steamship  ".Sail  Pedro  "  Boiler  Kxplosion  on  the  "  Kvan^jel  "-  British  Ship  "  Stratlililane  "  Wrecked  on  North 
Bench— Numerous  Disasters  on  Sound,  River  ami  Ocean  The  Oregon  Railway  S:  NaviKatiun  Company  Withdraws 
Prom  PuKel  Sound  Steam  and  Sailing  Vessels  on  the  Inland  Sea  The  "  B.  P.  Wenre  "  on  the  Yukon  River 
The  Cicur  d'Alene  Steamer  "  CcorKie  Oakes  "  -Kootenai  Steamers  "  Aiincrly  "  and  "  Stale  of  Idaho  '  —  .'>teainers 
".Sarah  Dixon."  "  Raniona,"  "  Hattie  Belle  "  ami  "  Chilkat "  First  Lightship  oil  Pacific  Coast  Doiniiiion 
Steamship  "(Juadra"  -Oriental  Steamship  Lines  Wreck  of  the  "  Ferndale."  "  Kriccaon,"  "  C.  \V.  Wetmore" 
and  Other  Vessels— Collision  of  the  "  Premier  "  and  "  Willamette  " 


.^H4 


CHAPTKK    XX. 

First  I,og  Raft  on  the  Pacific — Okana){an  Lake  Steamer  "  Aherdeen  "  —  The  Canadian  Pacific's  Australian  Sleamsliip 
Line  —  The  "  D.  S.  Baker  "  Shoots  the  Cascades  —  Steamers  Built  in  the  Victoria,  Puget  Sound  and  Willamette 
Districts  —  Seattle  Marine  Railway  —  Pngel  Sound  and  British  Columbia  I.uiulier  Fleet  —  I.iKlithoiise  Tender 
*'  Columbine  "  —  Boiler  l\xplosioii  on  .Steamer  "  Annie  I-axoii  "  Sound  Steamers  Destroyed  by  F'ire  -  Loss  of 
Steamships  "  Michigan  "  and  "  Wilinin),'lon  "  The  Northwestern  Steamship  Company  Victoria  Marine  Railway 
—Terrible  Fate  of  the  "  Montserrat."  "  Keweenaw,"  "  Ivanhoe  "  and  "  Kstellc  "  —  Wreck  of  the  "  Southern  Chief,  " 
"  William  I,,  lleebe,  "  "  Crown  of  I{n){land,"  "  I<os  Angeles"  and  "  Newberii  "  The  Second  I.o^  Raft  .Steamer 
"Columbia"  Bu.ued  -  Fatal  Boiler  Hxplosion  on  Steamer  "yneeii"  Wreck  of  the  "  R.  K.  Ham  "  Victoria 
Trading  ^i^  Pishing  Cunipany  —  Turret  Steamer  "  Progressist  "— Alaska  Steamship  Company  —  The  Wlialebick 
"  City  of  Ivvcrclt  "— I'pper  Columbia  .Steamer  "  Nakusp  "  —  The  "  Norma  "  BroiiKlit  Tlirongh  .Snake  River  Canon 
—Vigorous  Opposition  on  Ocean  Routes  Wreck  of  the  Steamer  "  Velos  "  ami  Tug  "  Mogul  " 


407 


CHAI>TKR    XXI. 

The  Sealing  Industry  —  The  F'irst  Hunters  —  Pioneers  of  the  Business  in  British  Colnnibia  —  Schooners  "Surprise." 
"  Alert,"  "  Kate  "  and  "  Favorite  "  —  Alaska  Commercial  Company  —  Victoria  Fleet  for  I.S,S|  —  Large  Catches  of 
"Ariel"  and  "Juanita"  —  Ainerican  Vessels  Under  the  British  Flag  —  F'irsl  .Schooner  in  Bering  Sea— .\rrival 
cf  "Pathfinder"  F'rom  Halifax  Beginning  of  Bering  Sea  Seizures  "  W.  P.  Sayward."  "  Halcyon."  "Thornton," 
"Onward  "  and  "Caroline  "— Schoonet  "  Active  "  Founders  off  Cape  Flattery— Schooners  "  Edward  K.  Webster," 
"  Mollie  Adams"  and  "Oscar  and  Hattie  "— "  Pathfinder,"  "  Black  Diamond  "  and  "  Minnie"  Refuse  to  .Submit 
to  .Seizure  —  "Caruiolite,"  "Ocean  Belle"  and  Other  I-'ine  Schooners  Brought  Around  From  Halifax  Racy 
Adventures  of  Dan  and  Alex  Mcl<ean  in  Bering  .Sea  -The  Modus  Vivendi  -Terrible  F'ate  of  the  "  Maggie  Mar  "  — 
Seizure  of  the  "  Coipiitlam  "  and  "  Shelby  "  —  "  Mermaid's"  .\ilventure  With  a  Whale — The  1 894  Fleet  -Wreck 
of  "Henry  Dennis"  —  "Director"  Makes  a  C.ood  Catch  in  Southern  Waters  -  Loss  of  "Walter  A.  Karle" 
Dangers  of  the  Sealers'  L,ife  —  The  United  States    Refuses   to  Abide  by   the   Decision  of  the   Paris  Tribunal  . 


.415 


iNi)i:\ 


f»a» 


A    A    MH'iillv.  •!■• 


Vli 


.163 


.Vt.| 


I 


4117 


M 


.1*1 


Ml 

IWV 
.  M 
«>l 
•17 
1 
IHIt 


4^5 


A    II    Kh  III    HKUIIKT    

A    r  .hinlull,  *i'li'w»lii'r 

A    II    lliililii>ciii   •<<  iinixr 

A   V   Tntnl*,  HflnNiiiiT    

■  '     Hn-t'U  

A  lie  l.lni'itlll.  Hi-hixilirr 

Ai»-  I'lThlii",  '.ii'ii r 

Ai<i>i'\  I'lixinr.  Iiiirk.  wn'vH 

Alwri'nrii,  liitrk.  *  r«-»'k ..■■••■ 

AlK-nti-i'ii.  Hli'itiit«lilp 

A  l»'nli'iii,  llrll  IhIi  Hii'iiniiT 

AlH-nlf)-ii.  HlctimiT 

Ahnihulii  lliirkir,  iMirk.  uri'i'k 

AIi>shIiiIii.  llrlllNli  sIrtilliHlitll 

•'     liiir-nllitr  <»f      ..       

Aciiillii.  liHrk.. 

Achllli'H.  Ni-ltiNiliiir  

Ai'k1.-v.<'ii|it    II   H 

Ai'lltii.  HimlilHli  lirlir    ITUI  

Ai'Ilw.  Wllhltlii'llr  lllirr  itiiiliur 

AillM-  «liiiiii.lil|i,  rnriiiirly  ilulil  lluiilir  . 

W.HK,  IIM 

..    «nTk        iw 

A.-ll\r   1111;.  llrlll.h   ■■•« 

Ai'llM'  KiLioiiiT.  wri'vk I'U 

A1I1I.   kiriillirr     171.  fl 

Ailii  Miiv    arlKiollir IM 

Aihitii..  i'u|il   iliHiriii.  W KM 

Aihiiiis.  I  iipl  ,11* UN 

Aclilir.  >l<'UI>li'r Ilk 

Aclrhllilr.  Hli'llllliT   •      IIT 

Aiii'liilili.  i'.«'|HT.  Iiurk  ...  .      .     Iin.  IM 

A.lrli..  si.||c»>U|.r til 

..    »n.ik    1.17 

Aili'llrn.  KIW'KHl.  burk IT" 

A.hulii-i..  h.  L      IIVl 

AttviUK-i..  Mil  uiiiur. ....  mA 

Ail\rtlllin..  NhMip H 

Ailiiilnil.  liriK IWI 

Afiilr.  l.rlu I« 

Aj-'i/l...  HflnNiiii.r -*.N 

AuiK'H  Mrlhiiiulil.aotaouDer l.lx 

A  I.I.  iMirk I" 

Al.lit.  Ni'lKHiiirr :i>«l 

Alilii.  «i-hiM.iii.r :w 

AInnkii.  M.iiiHiiii.r.  «i'l«ur<! ■■  11:1 

AlriHUortli.  Hlfiiliirr .'AM 

AiiiHWorth.  ('u|»l   iirtirtroj. -.Ml 

Alh««"rlli.i'uiil.  .11' ..  :il.l«P 

Alrri.  KulK.rl IT.S 

Alii'Vl'iiiit  Tlii.iNlon.  K t.'l 

AJIIX.  ..l.'UiiiHlilii   I.> 

■■     wnrk        :tKl 

AliilMiinit.  hiirk IN 

Aliinit.  stt.uiiii'r 'Ml 

Aliinii,  Hi'h.Knii'r IvM 

Aliiskii.  itnrrhasi.  of        I.V> 

AluHkii  4  ittiiiiit-rrlit)  t'ltiiiiiunv I'JH 

Aliikkii  Sti'iiinsliinCoiiiimiiy l-.\' 

AlitHkit.  wi'Ntrrii  iHiinulnry  llnit  I'Jii 

AluHkii,  »i.|ii»iui.r I.VI,  |i»i 

..     WTi-rk 

Mnskii.  HcticKtiM.r  . 

.MiiHkitii.  siili'Mlift-l  sti.uiiirr ;ii: 

■     wrt'fk  

AlllMkull,  ^h-rriwlit.rl  strldllrr   

All V.  \VIIIUIII|.|||.  KlMTMll'linilT. 

..     wrfi-k     

Alttuiij .  sn-iimrr 

.Ml.itny.  sli.uiiiklil|t 

AM.ulrosH,  slitp 

Alln.rl.  Iiiirk   

.MlH-rt   i.ril.  stnUlliT  .    

Aililiiii.  sl<.|illH.r        

All.l..ri,  llrllMi  Ni'liiKPUiT *! 

Ah'iililf.  kt'lnMirnT inn 

Alili.ii  ll(.sHi..  iMirk   Iim 

AhTl.  liriK 1» 

AliTI,  Urn 'Hlfi 

Alt.rl.  Klilp II 

AltTt,  NuliiNiiit-r rti 

AliTl,  llrlllsh  si.|u«iiiiT U.S 

Ali.rt.  .ii'liiHUiiT lai 

Aim.  WIUuiiii'ii..  mn.r«li'umiT I.t> 

Ali.rl,  llrllMi  sli.uiiii.r .■«l 

Ali.rt.CiNis  lliiy  Mi-iillliT ...  ',»» 

Ali.rt.KlriimiT mi 

Ali'Xiimli.r.  MrlllHli  iiiK i>{ 

Ali'Xiiiuli.r  lluiu'UU.  Htt'UmxIltp 3IA6,  'JKM,  ..^T/i 

..    wn.i-k       .ta 

Al>.xiiiiili.r.  rii|>t   K7.<.UIi.| am 

Ali'xuiKli'r.  ItusHtaii  Hli.iiiiii'r. \\tt.  \in 

AI«'Xiimli.r.Hi.|»M»tii.r Til 

Ali'xiiuili'r.  Mliip 11 

.Mrxitiitlrlii.  Ml(.ulnt.r I'.*7 

Airn.il  Aitiitiis.  si.lHMini'r 4-*? 

Alio'.  M'luniiji.r ;«i 

Allc...  .-Ii.iiiiu.r    lim 

Allrr  llliilichiinl.  Mi.ulllslllp XV 

Allri.  Iliu-k.  slilp.  UTi.i'k   -Jill 

Alli'i  I'oik.  M'liiKiiii.r :»M 

Alli'..  lliiiikr.  ..ili.Kiiii.r  wn-i'k JMi 

Alli'i'Thiinulvki..  ship m.  fm 

AlU'l.  v..  slrllimT .SKI 

AHihi.  slraiiMT 171.  isn 

Al  Kl.  Hti-iuniT .,•711 


11? 
.  .CIT 

.■•m 
;ti; 
|i« 

:mi 
XrJ 

II 
:mi 
.'WV 

*) 


At  Kl.  .iit.iinit.r 

Atltiti.  .«ii.iiiii<.r 

Alliii  >'»pl  lii'orMi'H  .. 
Allliniri'.  Nii-iiiiii.r  .  ■ 
Allli.  I    Alui.f   Hilimaii  •  . 

Alllaoii.  Wlllliilll  II  

AIniallii.  bark  


HIM.  »Vi.  .'17.1 
.  .1^11.  HI.  I.'V> 
:aii 


.  iiCI.  1117 


Kill 

.in 

KM 

1I7H 


..     Hn.ik  ml 

AlTlllrii.  brlu.  oivck U 

Alttliita.  strailiiT im 

Abiha.  M.lHmiii.r aw.  «« 

Alpha.  llrllKli  Hli.atlii'r .'M 

Alpha.  <'i»>H  lluy  Hiianior ini 

Alpha.  iiM|n.r<'iililliibla  lllviT  ■tonniKr »»! 

Alpha.  Walliiwa  I.aki.  Hli'UUliir .'IMl 

Alia.  NlrallliT  .'17ft 

AKiili.  Ncliiiitiii.r -W 

Attiili.  Hlranicr ^fiH 

Allium,  Ntiiunivr ta> 

Amiiiiilu.  Mii.unif^r ..      '<tili 

Ainaiitia  Akit.  iitilltiolivr ITA 

Ania/nli.  brlif Xt 

Anitillii.  Hlraliirr MR.  MA 

AniiTti'it.  Iiark ••...    47 

AniiTtra.  MtraniwUlp IW.  M 

..    wri'i-k   W 

AniiTlia.  II   M   H "< 

Anii.rlran,  burk. I' 

Anii'rIcMQ  lltiy.  NrhiMiiirr <i' 

Anii-rU-un  Ulrl.  KrlMximir iw. 

AniiTliaii  KihiiiiUt'rH  uuilur  Hrltlali  lli« 1117 

Anii.|hVNi.  Nilip    II 

Allli.|hv»>.  bark |l«.    W 

AniiiH  l.aMri.nri.   nhlli >v 

Auiphltnli..  llrlllNh  'riKiiti'  

Aiiat'iinila.  H|.|iiMtlii.r  

Aiirhiir  Hti'iiiiiHlilp  LliK. 

Ani'iiii.  Nti.atii>ihll>.  wn'ok 

Anili.rHiih.  ('apt   I'linpur  H. 

AiiiliTHoh.  rapt.  J    I 

AliibrauM.I'apl   I).  A 117 

AhilirMiii.rapl    I'lHiT  H -.rn 

Aimi'lrH.  MtraiiliT .'ftil 

Aiii/i.lllii..  Hli.anMT  imi 

Aiii:i.r»li.|ii.l'apl    I..  K .17'^ 

Ahlan.  Slrallsiil I 

Anita.  rulli.<l  HtalrH  truUHporl til 

..     ilri.rk 4H 

Allki.li\.l'apl.  A.  I' 1IP7 

Ana.  »iia r        1*1,  17k 

Aim  Ilvrliiinl,  brllt HM 

Atiii  Ik.riianl.  bark,  wrruk Ill 

Ann  Ih.Uiinlnu.  .:('lHM)Ui>r 7ii 

Ann  KlUa.  NrhiHilM'r. .    IW 

Ann  l**.rry.  liark,  wn.|.k Ill 

Ann  Taylur.  whiRini-r , iim 

Anna  Hiiiilila.  m.hiMiiu'r 'Jrt 

Anna  ('.  .\iiili.rHiiii,  rtvhiNmi.r,  wrtiuk I7ti 

Aiinli',  bark,  wreck —  :iir.' 

.\iml»..  Hit.aiiii.r 'JtHi 

.\nnti.,  Hti.ainrr .'Ul 

Aniili.  ('.  MiMiri..  Mi'hinmcr tx\ 

.Xrinir  K   Palm.  Ht'tHMinrr 1:17 

Annii.  M    Prhri".  Mli.aiia.r ,,, -'C'l 

Annli.  lli.rk,Mli.anii.r |..'7 

,\iinii' KaxntLMti.iiini.r  .   '.flu 

■•    iK.lli.ri.xpliwIiihiiu  nil 

Antiir  <li.t..M|.fi(Hin6r -J-JD 

Annli.  .Iiihiisiin.  bark ..•7..> 

Aniib' l.arsnn.  H(.hiiiaH>r '»« 

.\linlr  I.Vb'.  si'lllKitllT 'SfJ 

A  null'  Sirwarl.  slramiT UM.  •*M1 

.Viinrrly.  sli.aliiHhlp         .HIl 

AnniTly.  KiKiti'iuil  Kivor  Htcmuur.. Mnt 


Aiiti.lii|N.,  sli.ainiT  . 
Aiitrlu)K.,  slrauiiT 
AntliH'h,  bark,  wn.rk 
Aniiiniii.  Nti.aniHhIp  . . 

A(|iillla.  Nli.alni.r 

.\rab,  bri« 

Arab,  ship      

Arabrlla.  bark,  wrcrk 


XU 
x::, 

..Ml 

:lll 

■.<1!t 

i;i 

.   m 
-.at 


Arauii.  briK «p,  IM 

.XruKii,  Nti'innshlp :«! 

,\ruiln,  barh'tiltnc .11.1 

,\ran^a/il.  Spanish  tranHiHirt 7 

.Xraiiiiah.  srhiNirit.r  4:ti 

.Vriiwa.  Mtnilnshlii klH 

.yrralu.  slrainshtp    ..*7ri 

An.hir,  llritlsh  burk Ill 

..    wn.i'k MX 

Anhlli'i-l,  bark UB 

..     wrt.i'k w*"."!! 

.Xrclir,  Kli-anuT  .'»m 

Arifo,  sti'unirr 1117 

ArKiiiiaut.  SpanlNlt  briK *! 

Art-'onanl,  Hlf.uini.r .,,,  •>« 

Aiii.|.  «i.|ii«mi'r 4:17.  4.'tl,  A'* 

Arb.trs.Ki'hiMini.r Mm.  I.1H 

Ari/oiia,  HrhiHinipr i7h 

Arniw,  Htramt.r a»7 

AM<>rla,lni{ 1711,  177,  m7 

.Xsbiria,  Hi.|iiMini.r M 

Asluria  KariiirrH' Wharn'iiinpany '.Ml 

Asliiria  TranstMirlallini  ('iiuipany  :ltl 

Asliirla,  llrsi  wht'ut  MhlpmuulH  fruui -nn 

AHtiirluu,  sti.anier ,,   .  .ITvi 

Atahualpa.  ship III.  II 


I" 

AlHlanla.  shiii    

Alillaiita.  bark.  H-ri.|*k  .   ........   ......   

Alluiitlr.  bark,  wreck 

Atbi".  bark 

.Viirklan.l.  bark 

Aiiuusta   rutri't  Hiainil  sti-aiiiiT 

.'     biirnliiK  ... 

.\MKiisla.  strain  MiiliiNiuur 

.\i)iritsta.  slralui-r 

Aiirisilu,  Mhl| 

Aiinira.  Atiii-rlcan  ship,  wruok 

AiiNlrla.  bark,  wrrfk ma 

II  II    llanisili'il   sil r IM 

llabbl.liii'.i'apl   .liihli  W IM 

llallililili..  I'upl    H    II Ml 

lliil.v  Mini,   sti.ainir  Wl 

....haliti..  11   M  H H« 

I  .   <  ...r.  Ntriiini.r        Ml 

llii..      I'upt    .latins      in 

lt.it'.  ..  t 'apt   Hi'tirv       MV 

llall'y  tliit/i.rt.  strallliT  SN,  4111 

llu  'i.y,<'apl    Lisli.r  A t\H 

llaki.r,  I'upt  .1    N  ....  M 

llaki.-.i'apt    Klihanl  II  «M 

lluk.  .    I'upt    W    K.  Sn 

lluki  r  I'apt    \Vi  1,'uiirlh  K 4IT 

Itala.iia.  sti.tii,i  .fhiHinur 911 

Hal.  '    I'alit  .li.lih  \V Ml 

Hal..  :  I   I  apt   II    W   H.    HO 

III  Hunt    I'apt    W    l( IM 

lla!u     si'lKNiriiT  , Ml 

lliiltiiniiri',  s.  ti'sini.r    M 

llalilinnri..  I'nltisl  Htuiim  I'niUer «U 

llanili.rllli.,  strana.r  «M 

ll.iraniilt.  Ntruliit.r    MA 

llurbaru  ll.isriiwitx.  stfanii.r MH 

lluriMinl  Castti.,  strainship    UNI 

..    wrri'k     .   . ftkl 

llurrlnti bill.  < 'apt    t.:iltvury| M 

llarrlnctiili.l'apl    K   M MT 

llurniws.  W    A  iM 

lliita\  la.  sti.atnshlp ILVI,  HR 

llatbrlillian.  I'apl    l:   II IRII 

llaii^hinan.  t'apt    K    NV , HA 

Hay  ('i.ntri-.  slranii-r      ■    .HW 

111. avrr.  AiiH'rlcaii  ship  W 

llravi-r.  lltiilsnn  s  Hay  t'ompuuy  NtfumiT..!?,  tllH 

«ri.i-k .Wl 

lli.u\i.r.  I*tiifi'i  HmiMil  Nii-umnr  JW* 

lliatir.  Willainitli.  Itlvi.rslt.umir  .KIA.Ml 

..     wri.rk ...  tnM 

Hirliinlass  AuililuiluH".  Iwrk,  wrei'k ilH 

lliiia.  sliainshlp    Ul 

..     viri-rk       Mil 

ll|.|..  sli'Ullii.r        AM 

..     biiriithk' of        ..       UTS.  aCi 

Ikiihir.  I'upt    lli.rlH.rt  P tMI 

Hi..swiix  Ship.  Ihii    t 

Hi.ll.sli.uiiiir       Ml 

Ikll.  Kn-.l  I'    m 

Ikll.  I'apl.  .MIIi'H IJK 

Hi.|la,  Mti.aini.r AH 

Hi'llr.  sli.aliu'r  M 

lli.||i.  of  I  iri.uuli,  ship  , , , .  MS 

lli'llt.  Savaili.,  slilp Ill 

Ifc-Ulib.r..,  slilp.  wrirk Ml 

Hi.li  ll.illu.iay.  st..uriH.r    lIH 

Hi.n.lnsit.l'alil   .1    !• Mil 

Hi'lljuinlli.  t'liiil.  All AM 

Ik.nsi'll.l'ain    II.  A All 

Ik. nsi.ii.  I'apt   ibsirifi. lull 

Hi'libin.  sli.aini'r iKIA 

lliruiiiun.  I'apl    Aih.lph All 

lli.rmiian.  t'apl   .lutin .11.1 

lli.rnilnifhatii.  .luliii M 

lli'rry,  M .IM 

Hi.rllia.stiaiMi.r i|W 

lli-rtbii.  slrami-r Ml 

Ik.ssir,  stiuliiir All 

Ik'HHb.,  Hli'UUii.r XI7 

Ik.lHv,  brliiunllhi.  11 

Ik'yniiu,  I'apt.  William. tUtt 

Hilt  llUir,  siliiNiui.r «M 

llisinari'k,  strauu.r 4tu 

III/..  Btranirr .     .  IHW 

lllaikliurn.  I'apt    Havlil  l> 41A 

mark  lilaiuonil.  sti-ainiT Iiw 

lllai'k  IManiiiiiil.  s|.|iis>ni.r m.  Ul 

"     st.l/iin.iif 4M 

lliai.k  Kui.-ii.,  ship  nria'k M 

lllaik  llawkstia r .14 

IlliU'k  Prini-i..  schiHini.r 711 

lllack  llrpublU-aii.  srhiHluiT IIUI 

Hlalr.  rapt.  .Saimii.| .,      M 

lllaki.|v,  sli.anii.r lull 

lllakrlv,  srtnsilii.r mi 

lllaiii'liaril,  I'apl.  111. an IMI 

lliaiii'ii.  slraniiT 41KI 

lllanM.il.  llipla'rl  H AM 

llliissi.ni,  II..M.S 11 

lllui'  Ikil,  Kisitiiiui  Laki'  Muumer .UK 

llliii.  star,  sti.aiui'r .VII 

Hliii.  WInK.  schiKHii.r.  wTLfk ui 

Ikib  Irviail,  Nli'aiiii.r  AM 

.'    iHilit'r  rxpliisiiin  nil  ;tM) 


''^ 


xii 


INDRX 


IMi.K 

ItoUiDiik.  HfhfMiiior ItM 

■■    wn-rk  ','11 

Itok'Ulvrr.  UunhIuii  HtiMiuiiT I'Jl* 

ll<»li viir.  Nti'UinKhlii. '^IH 

IfaillfM.  CHiit.  Kn-ilcrii'k 1.*^* 

Ifcm  Ai'i'iird.  MtriiiiiiT .H7T 

ili>iiiiii7.ii.  burk.  wm-k ...  44* 

Il4>niiri/u,  Mrltinh  sii'iiiiii>r '£t7 

Moruiii/ti.  Wilhtiuftlf  Ktvi-r  HinitiHT '-iHi 

■■     wn-ck :»Hi 

Ifciriiiii.  si'Ihmhiit  MKi 

Horiliu.  si.MiiiisIilp :ift 

Itonitii,  ('<Mis  ifuv  ^tfumt-r H4n 

lltiiiiiu.  \Vlllumrtu>  UiVf THtrnmer    ....  •J^.-H\ 

Mimsrr.  ( 'iipi.  .Iiihn  II :!ttii 

IkK.ili.  »..milH  A -HW 

Itimlctnix,  hi  in.  wreck 4S 

llonlfliiiH.  Hhfp \'i 

H«in'ullN.  Ht'hiKtuiT 4S7 

l*«>rin'o.  whip Iff 

lltiHtitii,  ship.  wrtH'k lit 

lliiKtimian.  sliip 77 

iMiltiwi'll  Custlc.  Ktuumslilp nmi 

llituiil  V.  ship 13.  4a» 

Ifciwlifiul.  srlumui'r.   't*H 

IJii.vil.i'iipt.  tit-iirm-  W ..  tw 

Mruifk'.  Krimk llVt 

llninilili'.  si'lunmer  Jtt* 

llniiit.  srhtHmer IN 

'■     wrrrk   114 

Hriiwlcy.  I>i»iit<'I  161 

Itnui'c,  stcaiiHT '&'i 

HrtHk,  J.  M Wi 

iln>iii)ii.  HiOnxuHT 4*1 

Hrcuitfii.  Cupt.  ThuiuUM  IIH 

MrevvKitT.  briw Irt* 

Hrli-k.  sicuiiKT ;*«.  ;t57 

Mriiu-kcrtmn.  II -Hi 

llri!«k,  slfiiim-r :».Vl 

llrilish  i\i1uiiihiit  Nii\  it-'iitioii  rn)iipi»i.v.  H-J 
Hriiish  CDluinl'lii  &  Vit'ltirlu  Sti'iim  Nnvi^'ll- 

ihm  I'ompiiuy  hh 

Hrlllulu,  Ciipi.  J.  U \Wi 

Hrtmtrs.  ImrU       41t.fll,7li.  113.  \m 

HnKiks,  ('upLJohu  \V :»■> 

HnHiUs.  giiiiu'y  A i\ 

Hrnwii  lirnlhers.  sliip '-Wi 

Itrowu,  <'upt.  IlirHm Xi 

Hniwu.Cupt.  John  W iwi 

Hntwn,  ('apt.  SluTtiutii  L> -Wt 

Mn>\vii.  W.  K ;vl.^ 

llnnviiiT.  rupi.  (ii'nrt'f  H Il*<' 

Mrowiitii'Ul.  rapl.r.  I) Iitl 

ItruiliiT  .lonathati.  stt-anisliip.  wri>L>k IMI 

MniihtTH.  tiurk ii 

HrUIH'Ul'.  NtfUIlHT VtW 

Mniius.  Amcriciin  lirlK I- 

Mryau.  Williiini.! m 

Hryanl.rupi    W  J '£** 

Hurliaimri.  ('apt.  I).  K IHI 

Hiu-hanaii.  Capi.  \V..I lim 

Huchanan.  Tapi.  W.  S liW 

Itiicholt/.  Capl.  Dllo 44H 

Itiu-litfl.  Josfpli .'t7 

Miii'Ui'Vt'.  stcaiiUT ;i7r» 

'■    wn-ck  ...  4'-M 

Hufklin.  ('apt.  K.  F AW 

llucknaiii.  ('apt.  ItaiiKfont  l>. 4'.fl 

HacUDani.  Clint.  S.  W AW 

fJiiU'er.  Mart  in ;at 

Hull.  ('apt.  .Inhn  A 1*7 

Hull.-n.'.  (i.-nrt'r  W I-AI 

Hulwark.  bark,  wn-ck ;*ti 

nvmkalaiinii.  sch»K)ucr 1*17 

lliin'au  Charli's C4ii 

Huriri-y.  ('apt.  Joseph -JWI 

Hurdliain.  bark     4M.  M 

Murus.  ('apt.  A.  M 131 

hiirr.  Capi.  II.  H :tiH 

Hiislmell.  ('apt.  Williaiii  K Ki 

HutchtT  \Un'.  slcanuT  XU 

Hnib-r.  ("apt.  C.  H IW 

HutliT.  ('apt.  ,ln»iu  L tW,  aia 

H.illiT.  ("apt.  James  K :MI 

huilrr.  Capl.  Tbomas IIM 

Muttrrwnrlh.  slilp » 

lliiitnii.  WlUiain  L ■>: 

Hvers,  Capt.  William  U 41H 

Hv/.uuilum.  lirlt: t»i-' 

"    wn-ck \w 


.  iSl 

. .    .    IKI,  111? 
.Ul.  IW.  [KM 

l-JI.  ItUi,  hm 


cl<  steami-r^ 


C.  C.  CalkliiN.  steamer 

(,'.  C  Kiiuk.  luirkeiititie,   

('.  (;,  I*t-rkins.  s(-liiMiaer.  si-l/un 
C.  <i.  White.  si-h<Hiui'r.  wreck  . 

C.  H.  Merclianl,  scUtMiucr 

('.  J.  Mreuliam.  tut: 

(,'.  L.  Taylitr.  barkt-ntiiie 

"    wreck — 

C.  n.  Mishnp.  steamer 

('.  S.  Mulnies.  si'hiMdier 

C.  T.  HiM.k.  steamship 

C.  W.  Iticli.  steamer  

C.  W   WeiTiHire.  whah-t 

'-     wreck    

Cabinri.  sti-Timer 

Call.. I.  Writ; 

'•ahrlUo.Jiiaii  11.. 

Catllhin),  HchiMJtier 

Calrusmore.  hark,  wreck 

Calumei.  selnM)uer  .  

"    wn-ck  

Cai»iM)!iia.  sclnHiiier 

Cah-tluniu,  Iliiilsiirrs  Hay  Cnmpany  steamer 

4'ah-ilMlihL  steamer,  holb'r  exphisluii  uil 

Callumii.  ('apt.  Hufiis 

Caiiforiiiu,  schiKtm-r    ....     ..    

Caliroriiia,  pntpeUer  steamship 

California,  side vvhi-el  steaiiishit) 

('alirnriiia  Steam  Na\  t^'ut  inn  Compaiiy 


:v*7. 
m,  I  Ml, 


:n:t 
;«ti 
nil 

4J>tf 
Hw 
•,M.i 

IKK 
MI4 
•,»7H 
41  Kl 

:«Hi 

41  Ht 

IT 

l.-t 
311 
tU 

im 
a 

:ftu 

K<,l 

l5:f 

4H 
1511 

r.siH 


(^illahr.i).  Capl.  ThomaH  . 

Callinpt-.  steam4-r 

CambrliliTf.  hark  . .     .... 

"     ■   n-ck       

Can.  ■'   '..  bark 

Caimlle  CaM-ar.  shin,  wreck iiH 

Campbi'll.  Capt.  A.  .1.  N ."Iim 

Campbell,  ('apt.  Cliriou M\ 

Cuiliph*"!!.  (ienryt^  VV •.*(-• 

Campbt-ll.  Unrace    .W 

Campbell. Capl.  J.  K -JKX 

Campbell.  Jiihn Miti 

Canatliaa  I'acitlc  Navt^aliuii  Compauy Uti 

Cancmah.  steamer   m.m 

Cauu.Capl.  A.  K 4irj 

Cauniius,  Kteamship :**> 

('apifauii,  steamer ."tt'l 

Capital,  Hleainer " '.JTh 

Capiaiu  C<H)k,  snow 3 

Carlb.  bark 'its 

CarihiHMUi.  slilp TO 

CarilMMtaiul  KIv.  steami-r OH.  I4H.  Htl 

-    Ik)ilerexplitsit)n  on      W 

Carmarthan  (  asilc.  ship,  wreck 3«» 

Carniolite.  st-luioner 4:ii 

"    seizure 441 

Careliue,  steamship 31 

Carnliiu\  steatuer WW 

Can)lim'.  scli«M)nt-r 78.  PJi(. -jiW 

"     seizure    4'.*h 

Cantlliie.  ship Ill 

Canillne  Metteaii.  scliiMiucr.  wn>ck. iAt\ 

Carulim- Keatl.  bark  I'Vi 

Carhilla.  bark HVt 

Carlolta  (J.  C(».\.  sclinoiuT 11".  HI 

Carlton.  (ieorKe  A :•'! 

Canmdelel.  ship -Mk  :w 

Carrh-,  steamer UK' 

Carrie  H.  hake  schmmer 311 

-'    wrei-U Ji'M 

Ciirrie  iMivis.  sieaim-r    nm 

Carrie  F.,  steamer 4(il 

Carrie  I.aild,  sieaim>r T.'v  <» 

Carrie  Niirtoii.  sieamtT 'JtHi 

Carrier  Itove.  schonner 3ni 

<!arn»ll.CapI  James I.")!!.  |s7 

Carson.  Charles i'tn 

Carsiens.  Harry  'Mf 

Carter.  Capt.  Hi-urv '-iX^ 

Carvsforl.  II.  M.  S ',M 

i,'ascaih's.  steamer  PW.  I3r. 

Cascailes.  steamer       .^^i 

Cascailes  of  the  Cohimbia.  t'.  S.  steamer  . ..  -,>li| 

Cascatles  Canal  A  hocks  Company 'Jl.'i 

Ciiscaililla.  steamer l'»; 

Casco.  schoiiner 13k 

Cassandra  Ailams,  bark '.'(5 

"    wreck ...  ."fill 

(.'assiiir.  steamer  . 


-'.IT 
II 


nil 


,  ..    IHK 


,  Dbl 

iKS 

n; 

|o| 
Ml 

11 

■irj 
17(1 


Cassie  May  ward,  schoituer 

Catherina.  ship 

Catheiine  Smhh-n.  barkeniine  

Caut:hf|l.  Capt.  .lami-s 

Cavendish.  Sir  Thomas . 

Caviii.  capt.  (iciirwe  W 

("ecil.  sclnMiuer 

('eliltt.  steamer 

Ceri-s,  steamer 

Chaiiipioti.  Willamette  Hlvi-r  sieaim' 
Champion.  Seaton  Lake  steamer  .. 

Cliampion.  schiMiuer.  wreck 

Champion.  scluMtuer 

"     wrei-k  

Charles  Ih-veliM.  bark 4' 

-'    wreck  

Charles  K.  Tlltoii.  bark 

Charleston.  V.  S.  cnilser , 

Charlotte,  schooner,  wreck 

Charlotte,  ship 

Chanin.  ship 

Charter  rates,  IHf,' 

Charvbidis.  H.  M.S 

Chasca.  bark 

Chatham.  II.  M.  H 

Chat terlon.  Capt.  James  T :1ih 

Cheermi.  ship ■.! 

('hehalis.  sti-amer —   ITii 

Ctu-halis.  steamer ...    Ull 

"    wreck 3i^J 

Chehalis.  barkeutine tWi.  loi 

Chelan,  steamer •.*T1 

Chenamus.  brlti ',M 

Chester.  Capt.  Martin  F ItVi 

Chilkat.  steamer 4iil 

Chippewa,  steamer A'.'t 

ChiniMik.  steana-r ;^t>T 

Chin-kolT.  llusslau  brlK 1".' 

Chlsholm.J.J ;iKH 

Christiansen,  Capt.  Jaiues ITu 

Christopher  Mitchell,  bark UBi.  hWi 

'■    wn-cU v^»l 

CircMis.  schooner HH 

Ci!V  or  Abenleeii.  steamer ■■•    ■'*«" 

Citv  of  Astoria,  steamer ;»W 

CitV  of  Hot h well,  steamer 41  ( 

City  of  Carlisle,  ship :U\ 

CitV  of  Chesler.  steamship    Hi 

'<    wreck :m 

CItvof  Dublin,  sliip.  wHM-k ....  '.in 

City  of  Kllenshurir.  steanii-r :tri» 

City  of  Kven-it.  wlialeback  steamer    Vi\ 

Cityof  FraiiUfori.  steamer -.iHi 

Citv  of  Kimrston.  steaim-r —  .'tTl 

Cilyof  Lalona.  st.-anier 3T.'> 

Cliy  of  .N'apa.  s(-hooner 3|.'( 

Citvof  I'ainima.  steamship ",'13 

Citv  of  PeUInt/.  steamship    3TH 

Citvof  Puebla.  steamship .'tt\K 

Citv  of  giiinev.  steamer  'JTiil.  •,'St.j 

Citvof  llenton.  steamer   4U 

Citvof  Itlode  Janeiro,  sieamslilp. 3Tk 


l*A<iK 

C'lly  of  Hnlem.  wtt'ttmnr Ati 

City  of  San  IMejrn,  scIumiiht 4'i7 

Cilyof  SeatMe.  steamer   :ft7 

City  of  .Seattle,  steamer 374 

Citv  of  SellwoiHl.  steamer MW 

Cityof  stanw»MKl,  steamer .'ftW 

-'     burned 4'Jli 

City  of  Top«'l*"-  sieamsliip ;it\H 

Clancey.  ("apt,  Charles  K IT'J 

Clan  .McDonald,  sit-amer :4hii 

Clara,  steamer IW 

Clara  HeUe.  hark    I4li 

Clara  llniwn.  steamer XVJ 

Clara  Li^fht,  schiMUier 1711,  "JIM 

Clara  Darker,  sti'amer 'JKd 

Clara  It.  Sulil.  bark,  wn-ck *Rt 

Clara  Voun^:,  steamer 353 

Clarion.  hr\ti  \i 

Clark.  Capt,  William  » l.'fti 

Clalsop  cliief.  steamer "il'l 

-*    wn-ck AN! 

Clements.  Capt.  Ktlwanl 374 

Cleopatra,  bark,  burning  of Kfi 

Cleveland,  sii-amer 'Jrtli 

Clout'h.Capl.  William  M U»7 

Ct>ast  seallmr  calch,  mfi 44l» 

Coates,  Harrv AM 

Coe.  Capl.  K.  F nil 

Cue.  H.  C l'J4 

Coe.  L    W 51 

Cii-ur  d'AU-iu',  steamer :W5 

Cnur  d'Ali-ue  TraiisiMirtaliou  Company ;«?l> 

CiiUln.  Capt.  K.  H --rTd 

Cotrhlan,  Arthui  Jaspar '.^4 

Cidhy.  steatm'r Itti 

Ciddsiream.  scbiHau-r i;<» 

Cole,  Capt.  Fn-derick 441 

( 'olfax.  St  earner 14ii,  Iftll 

Collier.  William  11 'i7'! 

Colliiik'swiKHl.  II.M  S ;,»l 

Collver.J.W 3ltt 

Ciiiunel  KIh-v.  schiH.ner M 

Cok'nel  MimkIv.  steamer Kl 

Colonel  Wrii-'iit.  steamer 75.  Hb,  107 

Colorado.  barU 403 

Colsiui.  Capt.  Samuel -.Mli 

Columbia,  bark 14.  hi 

Cnlumbia,  brii-' I'J 

>  olundiia.  schooner :W 

Cobiinbia.  si-hooner 311 

Coliinibia,  schooin-r 4iM 

Cohnnbia.  ship 5.  7.  K 

Columbia,  lirst  ri\er  steamer '.JK.  :fii 

Cobinibia.  steamer v*74 

Columbia,  steanu-r 3HK 

■•    burned     4*J0 

Ctiliimi>ia,  steamship ;tri 

Cohnnbia.  steamship *.!T4 

Cobimliia,  lu^' llHl 

('(diinibia.  tu^'    ;.M1 

Coliiinhia  it    KiMitenai   Steaui   NavlKatiun 

Company ,'i7H 

Columbia  Kiver  ^.'raiu  tied,  IM73 -Jio 

■-     1h:4 Wi 

•'     IKKlt 3tiu 

--     IKSIO :(K| 

■olumhia  Hiver  Jettv :«l 

■olumhta  Itiver  hiyhtshlp  Xo.  ."iO 401 

"olumhia  Ili\er  Transportation  Company  ..  'iiit 
'olumhia  Itiver  A  Dut:et  Sound  Na\  it-'ation 

Conipaiiy Itxi 

"olumbia  Traiisimrtaiiou  Company.  IWW  ..  Il-J 
■olumhia  Transportation  Cninpany.  iwu  ..  !•,'( 
'olumbia  TransiHirtaliou  Company.  isTl  —  litT 
'olumhia  Tratisimrlalion  Company.  IKKI  ...  •,»h4 
'olumhia  Transportation  Company.  Ikkt.  . .  3ltt 
'olumbia  A  Willamette  Mar^'e  Company   .       -.Ml 

'olumbine.  rnited  Slates  steanuT 41ii 

'oluinbus,  ruited  Slates  line-ship -i] 

'olusa,  American  ship ■,'■.•0 

'omet.schiHaier ;ttK 

'omei.  sieamer lii-J 

'omt-t.  steamer .ion 

'onitiiodore.  American  ship,  wri-ck  -JTW* 

'omiiHKhu'i-.  brit,'    \M 

'onimtKlon-,  schiHUier,  wreck Ikk 

'omiU'Hlore.  steamshiii M 

'ommiHloii*  Derry.  steana-r    14T 

'ouiox.  steamer 3lil 

'omshu-li's  Dispatch  Line 17H 

'om-epcioti.  Spanish  britr ...      7 

\>iiKn-ss.  I'nilcd  Stales  frigate 'Jl 

'onmnn:lit.  bark,  wreck 31 1 

"orinor.  ("apt.  U.  C 3Til 

'onsort,  brk'.  wn-ck H7 

'on stance.  11,  M   r^i^'ate 'i-4 

'oMsianc'.  steamer 377 

Vuisiantine,  steamship 141).  IM,  I7.i.  hl7, -«tIK 

'oust  it  at  ion,  barkeniine H»k 

'onstltution.  steamer (U 

'itntinenial.  steamship l5o 

"     wn-cU IMii 

"luivoy.  schooner 13 

•.K)k,  K.  N lltH 

'iMik,  ('aid.  James 3 

'.MtUsou.  Frank dtt*,! 

'oos,  st:-anier    31H 

'oos  Ihiy,  steamer 3iW 

•oos  Mav  A  c»H|ulllu  TrausiMirtultuu  Com- 
pany          'JIH 

'(MIS  Itlver.  steami-r .'Wi 

'opp.  Capt.  W,  11 440 

"oiiuille.  steamer 1117 

'o(|utmho.  ship Ift5 

'iMIuitlam,  steamer HH 

"     seizun- 140 

'ora,  .Alaska  sieamer .'ftni 

Vira.  sclnMiner nwi 

'ora.  sieamer 'AK 

'i>nlelia.  luK.  wreck ,  -HVi 

orUes.  Capt.  HA' 'HSV 


INUKX 


xiii 


I'AdK 

ass 

4i! 

:«- 

:m 

aw 

aw 

4a) 

mw 

i:-.' 

, SHll 

ll« 

IW 

.tn 

1711,  villi 

v'Hrt 

*Sl 

3.Vt 

Vi 

lai 

at) 

am 

;)TJ 

iin 

anil 

1117 

J41I 

Sftl 

nil 

14) 

51 

»!h 

my a:ii 

-ai 

W4 

»« 

lai 

441 

I4<l,  l»l 

'.'.'.'.'-'.'.'.  'ai 

318 

M 

HI 

..  75.  HI,  1117 

4113 

Ii41l 

14,  11) 

I-J 

;« 

311 

«U 

5,  7.  H 

an.  ai 

a74 

.SKH 

4ai 

:a 

374 

uni 

a4i 

iltittiiin 

:f7H 

-.'111 

«iii 

aw 

;«i 

.-til 

.  .     iiii 

pauy  ..  -.'I.'t 
iriitiiiii 

.tsl 

1».'  ..  11-.' 
IWI  ...  I'JI 
l«?l....   1117 

iKni  ...  aM 

IW7...     ;tl« 

'nipiiii.v  .     an 

411) 

-.'1 

■-•■Jl) 

xm 

Ilia 

am 

ass 

iiin 

itin 

m 

147 

ail 

17» 

.'."..'.'.'.   ai 

311 

3711 

117 


ILI 
151) 
ll«l 

13 

IIIN 

3 

■»i 

am 


aiw 

,  .■IKl) 
,  441) 

11)7 
,    lH'i 

ilK 

III) 
:«m 

IIUI 

.  ai)7 

aiw 

.  aw) 


ConllniT.  Cunt.  Pclir  C 

Cormorunt.  II.M.S 

(.'orui'lla  Ti'rr.v,  Hi*ho<mt'r 

"    wri'ck  

Coriu'ltiis.  slmip.  wrt'i'U 

I'liriiwull.  I'lipt.  N.  .1 

1'onin.i.  si'lKKHicr 

ronttiii.  sli-iilnshl|)    

I  'iirHUMi.  liiirU.  wrri'k 

Ciirtrn'ul.  iias|iiir    

(VtrU'z.  Kli'iinishlp  

Cnrviillls.  t'niiiil  suites  slcumor 

l\)»)triive.  I'lipl.  .Inliii 

<'nslllO|X>lls.  striiinsliip 

t'nsptT.  l-'riHl  II 

(Visla  KU'li.  sti'uniHhip 

Cnlich.  riipl.  •lollll   11 

l'uiiiil.V  "f  .Mcriitnt'th.  Hrltlsh  slifp 

Cnupf.  t'lipt.  detiivt' M 

( 'inipi',  ( 'iipt .  TlHimus 

(•(tm-scr.  si*l»Hit>'.'r 

I  'tmrsiT.  slfiitinT 

Cow  111/,  luirk.  wTi'i'k 

CnHlit/.  HiiiInoii's  Itiiv  Ctitiiimn.v  Imrk  . 
CnwUl/.  UIvitChudi- ^v  I'ali'uu  Liiu'  ... 
Ci)wlil>;  SltMim  Xti\i).'ulU>liCi>mputi.v     . 

Cnwllt/.  stplillHT 

Cox,  Alunzii 

Cox.  Ciipt.  Cliirciu'o  M 

Cox.   Kilwill 

Cox.  Ciipl.  .1.  (i 

Cox.  Cnpl.  WiUiatii .. 

Co.volf.  NlrulniT 

Crall^'.  Capt.  Tlnini'is  U 

Cri'st  of  Un'  Wavf.  snip 

Crifki'l.  sU'iuniT  

Ci'lni.  ( 'apt.  Pi'lt'r  H 

Crimea,  Itrlir 

Cn>sl»,v.  Capt.  .Mfreii  

Crosliv.  Capt.  Clanrii'k. 
lI.. 


I'AliK 

.  3Ha 


. ..  lai 

..  413 

. ..  as3 

. .  3111 

...  :«7 

. ..  an 

...  I 

...  fli) 

.  .  ax 

...  Ill) 

. ..  :«ii 

3111 

.  ;v"ia 

. . .  Ill 

. .  -MM 

...  IHh 

...  41) 

. ..  ai5 

.  413 

. ..  Ill 

. . .  45 

. .  I.MI 
lUI.  75 

.    .  71 

. .  4:t5 

.    .  .'in 

. ..  4;n 

. . .  445 

...  aiH 

.  31K 


HI) 

...  mx 
....  a.V) 
lai.  iim 


Crown  of  Kn^'laial.  steaniship,  wrerk  . 

Crnisor.  lui: 

Culm.  stcuiniT — 

Cullonia.  liark 

Cnnilux.  s'falncr 

c>innUn.'liam.  Peter 

Cnlil:itli.'lialn.  I{,  (1 

Cnraeoa.  lirit.'... 

Cnrr.v.  Uoberl 

Cnrlis.  (.'apt.  Kbeu 

Ciileli.  steamer 

Cutler.  Capt.  Melville 

C.vanc.  I'.  S.  slimp  

Cyelone.  ship 

Cyelone.  sti'illner 

Cyelops.  Itrit: 

C.\  llosiil-e.  srliooner 

C.Vrelle.  steamer 

Cyrils,  liril.'        

"     wri'ek 

Cyrus  Walker,  steamer 


..  Ill) 
. .  :i-n 
..  ;«a 

..  4« 
. .  .'Ml 

,.  aM 
..  ;f77 
..   mi 


.  .T.'l 

:i7)i 


ai 
iia 


III 
..■m.  I" 


1).  h.  Clineli.  sehiMiner 

■•     wreeU   

I).  .M.  Hall,  hark 


1).  S.  Maker,  steamer 

Dahel.  Capt.  Itleliani 

DaeilalMs.  ship 

Daisy.  si'lHmlier     

Daisy  .\iiisworth.  steamer. 
•  ■     wreeU 


liul 

171) 

.  toll 

.■tll.-i 


Daisy,  Uritisti  steamer 

Daisy.  I'UL'el  SouihI  sleamer a 

Dais\ .  WiUametle  Uiver  steamer 

Dalcota.  seliooner 

DaUola.  slilp 

DaUoia.  steamship a 

Dalles,  steamer 

Dalles  Ciiy.  steamer 

Dalles.  Purl liinil  .Ni  .\slorlu  NaviKnIlon  Cm 

paiiy 

Dalles  Sehooner  Naviiration  Coinpanv. . .. 

Daniel,  hriw 

Daniel  WelislcT.  sleamer 

Daniel  Wehsler.  liark.  VMeek 

Danilhe.  steamship 3 

llapline.  II.  .\l    S 

Dare,  sel ler.  wreek 

Darllm-'.  Henry  

Dart,  seliouni'r.  wreek  

I la\  ill  lloail l.'y .  Iiurk I 


1711 

aim 
a4ii 

■.ViH 

.  aii.i 
.■ai 
:cai 


.  1117 
.■1S7 


.•1S7 
i:»i 


eli 

Davlilson.  .lohn 

I)a\  is,  Capt.  D.  T 

Dalis.  Capl.  Davlil 

ila\is.  Capl.  Uoluml  K 

Dalis,  Uohert    

Dawn,  steamer 

'■     wreek 

Dayton,  steamer 

Deahks, schnouer 

Uelmey,  Capt.  tlernrd 

IX'eatur.  U.  S.  sloop-of-wur  

De  Haro.  steamer 

Uv  HulT.  Polor 

Dtiaware,  liark 

"    wreck 

Delaware,  steft.ner 

IX^  I.aunav,  David  I 

De  Lion.  Capt.  R.  \V 

Delnariluo.  Capl.  James 

Delharrle.  nrillsh  liark,  wreck.. 
Del  Norte,  h  ■    msltip 

'»    wreck 

Delta,  steamer 

Denny,  Hamtinl  J 

Derby,  ship 

DeHilemona,  hark 

"     wreck - 


:i;iK 
,T>7 


iivi 

4113 

a«7 
«,  111 

3W 

ia4 

115 
171) 

,  :hi 
177 

.  4113 

aw 

1.37 

1711 

X<7 

.   ll« 

.     II 

.    37 

.  tia 


rAiiK 

Des  Moines,  steamer ,W 

Di  spa  tell,  upper  Columbia  HIver  sleamer. ..  ,'Wi 

III  ~i'ateli.  Pui-'et  Soiinil  steamer at3 

Hi -.paleli.  Pii^'et  SountI  sleamer -'Iftl 

I ii-spaleli.  sleamer.  burneii :1S3 

ls-ln»ll.  Iiriu'.  wn-ek W 

Detnilt.  sleamer 3ft4 

ili'ltmers.  Capt.tJiiirire JiVl 

Devonshire,  steamship .■*lll 

Dewa  (liimrailliar.  liark.  wreck at; 

Dew  Dnip.  steamer asrt 

IV  Wolf.  Capt.  «.. I lal 

De  Wolf.  Capt.  \V.  H . .     aKl 

Dlamonil,  bark ai 

Diana.  Ameriean  lirli;    14 

Diana,  bark,  wreek. ."Wl 

Diana,  steamer Mil.  nil 

"    w  reek    ".'aa 

DlenlorlT,  Capt.  William  187,11)11 

l)llUin,Capt.  W.  P Htl 

Direetiir,  sehooner Kin 

Discovery,  ship 3 

Discovery,  sehiHiner  lail 

Dlscoyery,  tiiiz 'W 

DIseoverv,  H.  M,  S 7 

DIspaleh,  ship U 

DIspaleli   Ilwaeo  sleamer  3W) 

Dispalcll,  sli-amer 3IK 

Dispatch,  steamer ;f^l 

Dispatch,  steamer,  liurneil I'Ji 

Dispatch,  steamer,  burnisl ,'173 

Dispatch,  steamer,  wreck    ;ls3 

Dixie  Thompson,  steamer  IIM 

Dixiin,Capl.  lleorife  3 

Dixoii,  Capl.  John     317 

Dolibins.  Capl.  D.  W.. ,'l."i« 

Doctor,  steamer 37,'> 

DiHlk-e,  Prank  T 117 

DtHlKe.  Capt.  Preeman lti\ 

Doll!.  Capl.  Thomas isil 

Dolholte.  Capt.  .lohn HS 

Dolly,  sehoimer 11 

Dolly,  steamer aim 

Dolphin,  sleamer .'l,ai.;t'tl 

Dolphin,  steatlHT 4a7 

Domiitilla,  schooner Ita 

Lhinalil,  tiiif     Irta,  aSJl 

Doncaster.  IMram  — 1S5 

Donna  Maria,  briir.  wreek  .   51 

Dora  Ulnhm.  schiHiner .     310 

Dorrily.  A aia 

Dollnlas  Dearborn,  sehisiner.  wreek :ls| 

Doiif-'las,  Capt.  .lames  H lis 

Doin.'Ias  ^1^  Mlloel  Steam  Na\iLMIioii  Com 

pany laii 

IKillclass.  Ciipl,  Abel     441 

Doinrla-s.  Capt.  S.  S i;)« 

Dove,  lirillsh  ship D 

Doyle. JamesA IS7 

Uiyle.  sell. poner.  wreek 144 

Dralie.  Sir  Francis      a 

Dreailnamrht.  schooner IW 

Dreiinon.  .lames 3ai 

Drlseoll.,!.  !■; a7.'. 

Drlseoll.  .lames lim 

Drisko.  Capl.  .).  P a5l 

llrya.l.  brli; 14 

Dryilen.  Capt.  C.  P IM 

DryiloeU.  tjtiartermaster  Harbor ..4n3 

llubliii.  ship lim 

lliiete'ss  of  .\ri.'yie.  bark,  wreck Ifill 

Diirli  Huiiler.  steamer a75 

DiiMliam.  Capl.  H.  W £0 

Dunham.  Capl.  Koberl  , I a."!.'! 

Dimsmiiir.  steamer. 311 


.tis 
4111 
.•Rm 

II  HI 

mil 
.cm 
.to 


I-;.  II.  Marvin,  schooner,  selzeil    CT'. 

K.  D.  Milker,  sleamer ii.'i 

K   it.  Suiilh.  sleamer 

K   \i    \V,«..I    sehcner 

I-;.  I.   D\i  \rr.  sh-anier    

K.  .M    Hill. sleamer 

"     burne.l 

K.  N   CooU.  steamer 

i;.  T    llaleh.  sleamer 

\\.  \V.  I'nnlv.  steamer 

•     liuine.l Ill 

Ka stern  I  lreL.'on,  steainship 3l.i.  ;t7'.i 

i:ast))ori.  sieamship -.mi 

■■     wreek    -.-.'.I 

l-;aL.'le.  Iiriif Ill 

Katie,  ship 13 

l-^ak'le.  steamer  .'Is.  i:Kl 

h;ai-'le.  steamer ;175 

Karle.  tin,'    :i;7 

Kberle.  Ailam  \V ail7 

Meho.  steamer .   i;C(  nil 

l''.elio.  sleamer    toil 

l-;elipse.  sehiMiuer .  .M.  7h 

Ki'lipse.  schiKiner  115 

Kelipse.  ship  || 

Kclipse.  steamer .'DW 

Keononiy.  sti-anier .'tm 

KiU'ar.  steamer 4irJ 

Kilt-'ar.  Shoahvater  May  steamer    .IHil 

i')ilison.  steamer Sri7 

Killth.  sleamer asa 

Killlh.  steamer 3aa 

KiUtll.  steamer ,tl7 

Killlh  P,..  steamer 3.'17.  .'17.i 

Killlh  I Iraee.  steamer a7s 

Eillth  Lorlie.  bark a*Vl 

"    wreck a'.m 

Ediili  It.,  steamer ai7 

FMllli  Rose,  ship 1113 

F^tlua,  steamer aii7 

Kiliia.  steamer ;4tVi 

Kilwiihl  K.  Webster,  schooner 13a 

Ktlvvaril  .lames,  bark I'M.  a7a 

Kii wards. Capt.  t'harles  K. ata 


Kilwards.  Capt.  William  K.  , 

Kilwiu,  bark,  wreck      

Kifillite.  steamer 

P.htorailo.  ship 

■  •    wn'ck  

Kleclrlc.  steamer 

Klllll.  steamer 

Kliila.  sehiiouer.. 

^:llllse.  steamer 

Kli/.a.  schiHUier.  wreck 

Kll/.a.  steamer 

Kli/.a  .Viiilerson.  sleamer.. .. 

Kli/a  l.aild.  steamer 

Kli/abeth.  selnKine,      

KlizalH'th  Allen,  ba.'k 

Kli/.abeth  Irvinn.  steamer 

"    burned 

Kllzabeth  Kimball.  shi|i 

Klk.  Willamette  Itlyer  steamer 

•  '     iMiiler  explosion 

Klk.  sleamer 

Ktla  Florence,  schismer 

Klla  Francis.  Imrk.  wn'Ck 

Kl  la  .lohnson.  selnsmer 

Ki  la  S.  Thayer,  hark,  wreck 

Klleli.  sehiMUier.  H  reck 

Kllen  Poster,  ship,  wreck 

Klleii  H.  W.HHl.  llri^•  

Kllen  .1.  .MeKinnoli.  schiMiner   . . 
Kllen  .Maria.  schiHiner.  wreck... 

Kllloll.  W.  A.. 

Kills,  steamer    

■'     biiriied 

Kills.  Capl.  W-  II 

Kllsworlh..loliu  C 

Klma.  steamer 

I'Mina.  steamer 


I'AIIK 

IfW 

.     ..  "tti 

SHH 

IIM 

.•Mil 

S!M 

aui 

1«7 

S<! 

•«! 

.•M4 

II.  ra.  -An.  ai7,  .'wa 

-SIX 

711 


...     ;» 

..  an* 

.    .  •>? 

mv  '.IK 

B4 

. .     lift 
las.  11)7 

IIM 

...     IM 

414 

.1411 

INK 

169 

«l 

IMl 

IKl 

IM 

3U» 

413 

aw 

aw 

.  ...  unii 

356 


Klmore.  steamer ia3 


F.lnora.  seluHine 

Klnorah.  selnsmer 

Klvina,  sleamer 

KlwiMtd.  steamer 

Kmbleton.  Mritish  bark    

P.meraltl.  bark,  burned 

Kmiiy.  sleamer.  wreck 

Kmily  Piirnum.  ship.  \- reck 

Kmlly  Harris,  sleamer 

"     isiiier  explosion  

F.mitV  .Minor,  bark 

Kmily  Packard.  sehiMiner.  wreck 

Kmily  Parker.  seliiNiner 

Kiiill.y  Presion.  briir 

I'hnlly  Stevens,  sclnsmer 

■'     wreek  

Kniken.  Capl    HA 

Kmmii. 


114 

IDK 

.  -JDa 
:iKH 
:m 
:t78 
4ia 
•mt 

UN 
IIM 
HI 
711 
53 
!t7 

ara 

.  ami 

14" 
175 


Kniniii  .\iii.'iisia.  barkentine Itlrt 

Ktuiiia  May  wanl.  steamer 11)5. 'ai)5 

Kmma  Hume,  steamer .'In).  :tai) 

Kmma  t'tler.  sehooner. a37 

Kmmelt  Felilz.  seliooner    31)3 

Knipress  of  China,  steamship ...  mi 

Kmpress  of  India,  steamship XHi 

Knipress  ul  .lapaii.  steamship  .   31111 


Kmpire.  sehoiiner,  w 
Kinpire.  stramship 

Kimland.  ship 

I'liiu'ina,  steamer, . 
Knterprise,  ship 
Knterprisi 
Kliterprisi 
Knterpris. 
■  •  wreei, 
l',nn-i-pris. 

I-: rprisi 

Kiiierpr 


eU 


elleoner 

sehooner 

llritish  sidewheel  steamer  . 

steamer   . . 


.Cohi'iibia  liiv 
e,  Fraser  lii\.r  ■ 
e,  Pin.'et  Sound  steamer  . 
l-'.tilerprise.  ShawniL'an  Lake  sleamer  . 

Knterprise.  I'n.piiua  Wi\er  sleamer 

•,     wreek 

Knterprise.  Willamette  Ri\ersieatner 
I'^nlerprise,  Wiilanieii.,  lii' 


l-;nler|irise.  Willalnetlr 

steamer 

Koliait.  brii;  

l-jihis.  hriir 

Kiliiity.  schooner . 

Kriessiin.  stiip,  wi U 

Krie.  r.  S.  sior.sliip  . 
Krilrea,  liarU.  wri'ek  . 
Krskine.Capt.  .M, 


Fl 


54 
'JlIN,  ','75 
.    ...     !» 

414 

II 

IIW 

4.TN 
.■.•71 

:ias 
•-",11 
I'jii 
.'(■.►.' 
377 

IH5 

an 

117 

:i«i 


riters 
. .  :t\.  7a.  N7 
54 


Ill 

41)5 

'«! 

411 

IU4 

Kseambla.  sieamship  ail 

Kseort.tm.' 177 

Kseort  .No.  a.  inu- iSM 

lOstella.  steamer ;4a) 

Kst.dle,  tin:,  wi k 417 

l-;sll.er  Colos,  sehooner.  w  reek '^73 

Ksi|uiniall  I  Irav  itii:  Dock .'fth! 

i;tta  May.  schooner    arj 

Klla  White,  sleamer IINI.  a37 

Kllershanks.  Capt.  William lai 

Kndorns.  sehiHiner 4H 

l-hii-'ene.  steamer 41.*) 

Kinretie  City,  steamer INft 

Kuphrates.  steamship .am 

Kureka.  steamer ."iai 

Kureka.  stearier 35N 

Kureka.  steamship,  formerly  Cullforniu  ... 

106.  aw.  ae.  .TO! 

Kuropa.  hrlii 14 

Knstace.  schooner,  wreck  'jlll 

Kva.  sli-amer S)ii 

Kva,  schisiuer     m8 

K\  anifel,  steamer    SKNI 

■•     boiler  explosion 3)4 

KyanKellii(>,  steamer 887 

Kvans,  Charles  W Xti 

Kveliue,  schooner    !H 

EwlUK,  PS.  schooner 117,  .IB 

Kxael.  sehiHiner an 

Kxperimeiil.  snow 4 

Kxjilorer,  schiHiner 104 


xiv 


Rxplnrrr.  Alaitka  Htoainer AW 

KxprettM.  Nirumcr 51,  7S 

Kxpri'Mt*.  MliMinuT .SWl 

■•     Imnicil ...  XKt 

KyiiH.  HtciiuuT  .. 414 


Fuvnrili' 
Kiiviirilt' 
Pinorltc. 
Knvorih* 


K.  I*,  (irt'cii.  st'liiHitiiT    

K    I*.  WrtKlU.  HlfuiiHT 

F.  S.  HiHltlrltl,  Ni'htMiniT 

K.  \V.  Hiiilcy.  Hlilp.  wTi'fk  

F.  W.  Miircii.  H('h(H>nt'r.  wn-i-k 

Fiiiry.  sti'imicr  . 

•■      iNllItT  rXplONloll 

Fitli'ou.  NicitnuT  

Fulk.  i'»pr  IVtcr 

Fiilnintili),  »4t<K)i>-<)f-wur 

Fiiniilr  Tnmp.  Hli<iimi>r 

Futiuy.  ship 

"     wreck 

Funny,  siciimtT 

Fiitniy.  sti'unuT 

Funny  Luke,  sti-iinH'r 

•  •    hurniil 

Funny  Miijnr.  IturU 

Funuy  I'uiinn.  sit*«mor 

Faraway,  schmnuT 

Karlry,  Cuiii.  Mitnit-l 

FurmiTs' 'I  ratiHpnrtutlon  Company,  IMTrt  ... 
FarnHTs' Traiispnrtulii>n  Cumpiiuy.  IKKt  ... 

Farna.  luirk 

Furnhuni.  .Inlin 

Farrrr.  ('apt.  Krwlii  

Farrcll.  .lohn 

FuHliiiin.  st)'unn'r X 

Fauntlcruy,  hrln 

Fuviinta.  Spanish  hrii-' ... 

FaviM-ltr.  Itritish  si-lHH.mT ItI7. 

"     Nt'l/nrr 

Favnrti"'.  Pinfi'l  Sound  tiii.' I*:t.  A'«. 

■  tiiK 

,  Vuiinlnii  iMti 

sli'imuT  

.  Kii-aniiT  

Fuwn.  hrlK.  wrt'i'k 

Fawn,  stcaintT 357. 

Fearless,  tiiK  T5. 

Fearless,  tujr 

"     wrei'k 

Fe.irless.  lujr    

Fee.  I>.  F 

Fellee.  ship 

Fellows,  A.  J 

Feulx.  I'orlnt'uesi-  hri*;    

Feuix.  steaine.*  .T 

Ferehen.  t'apl.  P.  K 

Ferey.  Capi.  C    It 

FiTUilule.  steainei    

••    lmruill^'  c»r 

Fcriulale.  hark,  wreek  

Fern  tilen,  ship,  wreek 

Ferreld.  Hariolonie    

Fidelaier,  steauiship      

Ftueh.Capt.  I».  II 

Fiulev.  ('apt.  Harrv    

FIreHy.  tnjr 

Firs!  ^'rain  can:o,  fohunliia  Hive 
First  ^'rain  carj-'o.  I'ujrei  Simntl  .. 

First  pilntai-'e  htw     

First  pilot  seliooner     

First  lea  rart'o.  Columliia  Hiver. 

Fis^'ua^l.  II.  M.  S 

Fisher,  ("apt.  .1.  N 

Fisher,  steamer 

Fislier  Maiti.  schiMiner 

Flaiitters.  Capt.  .1.  i' 

Flavel,  ('apl.»ieort:e 

Flavel.  ('apt.  Cenrifp  f   

Flavia.  French  ship 

Fleet  wintr,  hark,  wreck 

FU'cIwoimI.  steanuT 

Flewin.  Thomas 

Florence.  Itark 

"     wreck 

Florence  K.  Walton,  sohmmcr  — 

FloreiuM"  Henry,  sleumcr 

Florencia.  hrik'    

Floriniia.  Iirin 

Flyer,  steamer 

Flylm.'  Diitclunan.  sleunier 

Flylni-'  iMitt'liman,  The   

Flyinj-'  Ka».'le.  sliip    

Flying'  Mist,  schooner 

Flyini.'  Sijiuulron.  The     

Flyitik'  \'eniis.  ship,  wri'ck   

Fo'anl.  Martin    

Follett.  Charles  S 

FiMili-.  Capi.  Hamilton  K 

Foratrer.  ship 

Forties.  .1.  11 

Forest.  Itrin 

Forest  Kintf.  schiKiner 

Fon-st  Maiil.  schiMiner 

Fon-st  t^iiceii.  hark  

Forsaken,  steamer 

•  ■     Itiirueil 

For.*tuer.  A.  II 

Fori  Uupert,  estaldtshment  i)r  — 

Fortnua.  schijouer       

Fort  Vale,  steamer  

"    iHtller  I'xplosioii 

FortV-uine.  steamer 

Forwuni,  H.M.S 

Forwanl.  steamship,  caplurc  of ,. 
Forward  llo,  liark,  wrecit     ....... 

ForwiMHl.  steamship 

Foster,  Capt.  W.  I! 

F(twler,  Capl.  10.  S - . 

Fowler,  James 

Fowler.  JaHpur 

Fox,  K.  A 


ll'.2 
»tA 
MM 
l«j 
•J»\ 
4A 

tw 

:¥Vt 

:« 
iw 
\m 
\m 
;mt 
■JiH 

411 

m 
i;n 

HO 

*» 
•ii 

Irti 
'Ath 
15 1 
.45 

115 

;j 

4!M 
44U 

•,>7H 
-'15 

;ki 

;«4 

rt'.' 

4Hi 

•jn: 
•in\ 
;t7i 

411) 
1>7 
4 


7.51 
ItM 

4:*j 
:w4 

41 M 

■JMII 


.   I7H 
H7 

m\ 

44 

HIT 


*J4 


I4« 

m\ 

4nN 

.t.M 


'.  '.m 
in 

I.  1(15 

an 
ii5 

,    iirt 

rt 

,  :>» 


,  4;i5 

.  KM 
,    K 

.  ira 

.  ;»i 
,  .'trti 

;ci'i 
.  15 
.  141) 
.  'S\ 
.   llHt 

IHH 
i.-i55 
,  -Mi 
.  Mfi\ 
.  ■J5ll 


.  .1)5, 


IIM 
141) 
lUl 
I7tl 

m 

■JtWt 

;fc! 

31)11 


INDEX 


Pox,Jo»ophE a53 

Kox.Willlum ...  Mh 

Fruin,  (^»pl.  JitmoN IHl 

Krani'CH  Alice,  Hchiwner iJMM 

Francis.  Cunt.  FaIwuaI  H 'Jm 

Francis  Helen  schiKiner  R7,  tK) 

Francis  ami  LouiNc,  bark 9i,'M 

Francisco.  l»rlK 47,  1»W 

Frauklin.  «chiK»ner ») 

Franklin,  steamer XJ.fii 

Franklin  Atlams.  lirlg  ;«i 

Fruzer.  Capl.  J.  M K4 

Fnil  K.  Sander.  schiMiiier   .'Mi' 

Frederick  K.  ItillhiKs,  steamer •,'73 

Fredle.  hrijr 13 

Freennm  Clark,  ship '-tVJ 

Free  Trade,  hurkenline Irtrt 

'■    wreck -JW 

Frenioni.  stt-aniship ;W 

Fremont.  Imrketillne  hVf.  IrtTi 

Friel,  Patrick    (17 

Frii?ate  Mini,  ship 7li 

FndIc  steamer 34H 

Fnilic.  H.M.S -i] 

t"^iller.  (ieor^'e  F -^57 

Fiisl  Vania,  steamship    l-.*it 

(i.  Hnintrhton.  liarli,  wreck •-ixi 

il,  \V.  Kemlall.  hrlK W 

<  J.  \V.  Shaver,  steamer :W5 

Ca^e.Capl.  John  W I4tf 

(>ale,  Capt.  .loseph *.1l 

(iaieua,  steamer MH 

Cauymede.  luirk II 

(larda.  scluMUier 4'3i 

ttanliuerCitv.  schooner .'ttW) 

(iarlbaldi.  Imrk IH7 

(larlaud.  «teumer :f75 

(lurrlNtm.  L.  M WJ 

( Jutes.  John nil 

( :ates,  Frederick *i5il 

(iates,  \V.  \V :«l 

tJathen-r,  Hhip  *JH7 

Cutter, Capt.  Frank  W.  !«•> 

tiaiidin.  Capl.  James 140 

(la/elle.  schotiner 14a 

(Jazelle.  steamer.  Imiler  explosion  — 51 

(iazellc.  steamer  ■J4l,'Ai5 

•*    Imrned :«:* 

( leni.  schooner 3.'«( 

(Jem.  StIckeen  Illver  Hteamer '^17 

(!eni.  sleamer •J»(l 

"    luirnetl 'Mi 

(iemollhe  Ocean,  hark Irt5 

"    wreck i'H 

( ieneral  Cauhv.  steamer '£44 

Ceneral  Ci>I)h.  hark. 105 

*•    wreck **»7\i 

( ieneral  Custer,  sleamer "JHli 

(ieiiiTal  Unller.  hark,  wreck .'*)4 

(ieneral  ( iarlleld.  steamer 'JJ-rt 

(Jeneral  Harnev.  scl»M)ner kk 

■■     wreck 37M 

(ieneral  Miles,  sleamer   "JD;! 

(ieneral  Mort-'an.  si'hiHuier 7i).  MM 

(ieneral  Sherman.  sleamiT 'i'-iit 

lienei-al  Sijrlln.  schooner      414 

(ieneral  Warren,  steamshii) .'W 

*•    wreck 41 

(ieiu'ral  Wriifht.  sleamer "JK* 

(ieneva.  hark,  wreck '^73 

(Icneva.  sti-anier .■>>*( 

(ii'iieva.  sch(M)ner L't" 

Ceorifi- and  Martha,  hurk :fe!.  :i7 

(ieorjre  C.  Perkins,  harkentiue •-•71) 

( ieorire  Kmery.  lirijr Hl.:w 

(ieori.'!' K.  .Starr,  steamer 'JtH' 

(ieor^'e  H.  Chance,  steamer   :VW 

lleor^'e  H.  Mendell.  steamer .'tV> 

tieort'e  Uavnes.  ship 77 

(ieon.'eS.  Wri»rht.  sicamshtp KM,  KM.  IMrt 

"     wr-ck an 

(ieorjre  W.  Klder,  steamship 'Hi 

(ieorne  W.  Kmery.  hritr    .'fii 

(Jeoru'e  W.  Prescolt,  schooner 411) 

(ieorye  Wasliiiii-'ton.  hark U'-* 

(ieort-'iana,  scIhmhut.  wreck 37 

( leort-'le.  sleamer lift) 

(Jeor^'te  Oakes.  sleamer IW* 

(ieraldine  Pa^'et.  ship,  wreck  A't 

( iert  rude,  steamer ,  '-'I*.  •-1'7 

(iertrudis.  schmaier 7 

( iri I  v^hu^^^  ship,  wreck 311 

liitison.Capt.  J.  S Ml 

t  iilhrealh.  Janu's ;i>»7 

liill. Samuel  F.. -JnO 

(iillespie.  Capl.  H.J ;i'W 

( ti i liam.  William  A '-'51 

(iilman.Capt.  J.  M.   :#* 

(iilmore.  Archibald  N 413 

(ibulvs.  steamer ICW 

(ilaholm,  Capt.  John  W iiiH 

(i  leaner,  barken  tine 4i)3 

I  i leaner,  steamer '^^ 

(ilea tier,  steamer .T17 

"    wrei'U ;iv.t 

(ilen.  schooner 311. ;») 

(ilenelu.  steamship .'imi 

(ilen  Friiln.  bark,  wn-ck ■*•»! 

(ilenora.  sleamer SIrt 

"     wreck    tf7l 

(ilii.e.  Sleamer .'«)« 

(Hide.  Harrv 4rt 

(.ilimpse.  Jiark  W,  Irt5,  !;ni 

"    wreck -.nil 

tJlobe.  ship I(» 

(iotlinir.  Capl.  Klbrldtre :t*\ 

tbthl  Dust,  sleamer 'v*? I,  .•«•-».  .'Ml 

(lold  Oatherer.  Hteamer 'V\7 

(lold  Hunter,  steamship 31 


,  3rt. 


(lold  Hunter,  bark 

iJoldeii  Ajic.  schooner  .. 
tiolden  tiale,  bark 

"     wreck    

(iolden  Hliul.ship. 

(}4>lilen  .Shore.  schrHiiier 
(lohleii  Stale.  schiHrner 

(loliah.  steamer 

(ioinet/a.  ship 

(itMKlall.  Nelson  it  Perkinit  SteamKlitp  Com- 
pany   

tiiKHilun-,  Frank  W.      

(ioiNlmaii,  Capt   \V.  iJ. 

(  IimhI  Ti  mplar.  schtMiner,  wreck 

(iore.  Charles  K    

(lore.  ('apt.  (ieor^e 

( iiire.  Capl. , lohn  C 

( ioiama.  schiN>ner     

(ioulii.  Capt.  Isaac  A 

(Io\e.  Capt,  A.  11 

(iove.  Caiit.  (if'orire  \V 

(io\e,Capt.  I.  W 

(iove.  Capl.  William     

( Jo\eriior  .Ames,  selHMHier    

(iovernor  Umj-'las,  sch<»i)ner 

(loveriior  (iro\er,  sleamer 

(iovernor  MtMtdy.  sclioonrr 

"     wreck  ....' 

(Iovernor  Newi-ll.  steamer 

(Inindon.  Capl.  J.  M 

(inll.  schooner 

(iuiulerson.  Capt.  Cliarles 

( Junderson,  Capl.  F,tlward 

(iussle  Telfair,  sleainslilp  . .  174,  IHrt, 'JIft),  •,^«l, 

■'     wreck  

(irace.ship 

(irace.  sleamer 

••    bnriu'd 

(Jrace,  steamer -VH,  4(ii, 

(irace  ParliuK.  ship 

■'    wreck 

tirace  Koherts.  harkenline itW. 

"     wreck     

( Iraliaui.  Capt.  .\i-tlnir  W 

(irampns.  H.M.S 

(irandholni,  steamship. 

(iran^er,  schooner,  hurned 

(Irani,  t  iordon  F 

( Irani .  Capt.  Thomas 

(Irappler.  steanislilp IH7,  '-M7. 

burned 


I4;( 
irt'-» 

m 
mt 

Mil 


ntrt 
-.1)1 

'.•13 
•Jl'-' 


4U 

rt:4 
•Jill 

to 
l-Ai 


315 

.■•17 
71 


;«" 

413 
4W>7 

im 

•-»(VJ 

1)17 

x-m 

371) 
■,M 
.ft)  I 

157 


(iray.  Capt. 
(Iray.  Capt. 
( Iray.  ('apt. 
(iray.  ('apt. 
(iray.  ('apt. 


A.  W 

J.  H,  I).     ...    

James  T 

Koherl 

.  W.  P 

(Ireat  Hepnblic.  Fri'ni^h  ship 
(ireat  Kepublic.  steamship. .. 

"     wreck 

(Ireat  Western,  burk,  bnrneil. 

tirecian.  briK 

(ireen.  ("apt.  Iji-aiiiiei- 

(Ireirory.Capt    H.  .M 

(iretrory.  Capl.  W.  V. 

(irevhtiurid.  sleamer 

(irilltn.  ("apt.  Kdward  1»  

(irilllu,  J.ihn  W 

(Jrimii.  Tliomas  J 

(iriltln.  brit: 

tirimih.  I).  K 

(Jrimihs.  James 

tirittlths.  Capt.  .lames 

(iriltiths.  J 

Crlnwald.  Charles  H 

liroiinds.  ("apt.  Hrazil     

(iroinids.  Capt.  Frank 

( Jr<i\es,  Capt.  H.  T 

(IroM's.  lieorj-M'  W 

(imwler.  selMxilUT  


•-•H4 
311 

MH) 


•,»rt5 

:«rj 


UK 

a-ni 
r,i) 


( irumbler.  scluHiuer  

(ivnitinio/iti.  ship 

(iuilliams.Capt.  I{.  F. .. 
(Ivvendidine.  steamer..  .. 
(lypsy.  steamer 


.T,»l 

•.w 

Id 
llM 
KH 

111 
UK 
114 


53 

11)3 

mi 

I7rt 
;fliM 

437 


H.  C    Pai-'e.  scho<nier 

H.  C.  Wahlbei-if.  scIhmhiit  

H.  L.  I{uti:ers.  bark,  wreck 

H.  .M.  HuiehJnsoii.  schooner 

Ilaa'.'fu.  Capl    liouisd 

Hackeit.Capt.  Charles     

Hadtett.  Capt,  Fred  M 451 

Hackley.  Hi.bert -,•75 

HaddinuiDUshlre,  hark,  wreek :i'« 

Hadhtck   steamer :i'>7 

Halcvon.  Aineriean  hritr 51 

Halcyon.  Ilritlsh  britf rt 

Halcyoti.  schi Miner KW.  44-,> 

llalt'V.  hrijf n 

Hull.  Andrew  J •.»fiii 

Hall.  Capt.  W.H.  H. :ft( 

Hal  vs.  steamer 


Ham. ' 


i;« 


Hamilton,  ship n 

Hamlin.  Capt.  William  H 315 

Hammond,  Capt.  William li>3 

HaiiciieU.  ltri^'    h 

Hannah,  schooner HM 

Hansen,  Capt.  C.  K ;Virt 

Hanson,  ('apt.  .\u>fust  MA 

Hanlv,  Thomas  J ;t35 

Hari'.  Michael >-trt| 

Harkins.  Harrv.                   itti 

Harloe.  I. A-vi 

Handd,  Capl.  Thomas 4511 

llariMMiner,  Mritish  ship      t!ft 

Harriet,  schnou.-r 38,  M,  7H 

Harritran,  Peter 34rt 

Harris. Capt.  Al 431 


1 

1 

i 

■■;;■- 

INDKX 


XV 


.  ..  IBS 

. . .     .17 

....  1^11 

....  lit! 

'i 

...    m 

Id.  I II I 

...     Hll 
(lit). 

. . .  •■>;« 

. . .  :«ii> 

..  .  ii« 

...  an 

...  •.'1.1 

....  aia 

...  lil3 

. .  «« 

.  441 

. . . .   i« 

....  •j«i 

...     411 

....  lai 

...  »n 

.    ..     Kl 

. . . .     T.5 

....  :<i.'i 

. .  :v! 


-JMI 

II 

XX! 

413 

aw.  4111.  4',T 
ll»l 

-.ivi 

. .    .    .  IIW.  IIIT 

:iiii 

;mi 

-.'I 

an 

;«« 

i.-i- 


N".  -in.  •jm 

.-Ill 

Mm 

MU 

:'.tB 

II 

HIT 

ini 

. .  .  iVI.  -.'.'iT 
-.W. 

...... ii!  4T 

v!illi 

I.".li 

:«T 

:i;:l.  .IT.-i 

ll.'i 

I.V,' 

at 

14 

i'li 

UN 

.-wi 

r,ii 

ihii 

-.M 

aii.'i 

.lai 
.■till 

114 

IIIH 

III! 

Ill 

4  in 

414 

.■«« 

.VI 

IIB 

iim 

im 

.•*»( 

4.17 

4.11 

r,!) 

;wi 

iw 

:>i 

n 

. .  4.n.  44J 

II 

•Jim 

-At 

.•I.i7 

i.m 

II 

SIS 

IIW 

.  .,    ...  N 
IIH 

xm 

:h« 

XV, 

•.'Bl 

.      :«•.' 

•i'>4 

4.'ill 

as 

...W.  M.  711 

nm 

■y.n 


I'AIIK 

Harris.  Ciipt.  Hfiijiiiiiln  ^^44 

Harris,  i'tilit.  rimrirs  . 1 4iri 

Hurry,  C  \V.,  MchiMiurr I^i*^' 

HnrrV  I...vnn.  sifumiT •••'»* 

HBriman.Oiipt.  Nrwion ■-iw 

Hiirvfsl  Hiinif.  Imrk.  wrefU  '*'! 

Harvi'sl  MiKiu,  stfiiiiu'r ^nm 

llar\  I'st  l^ui't'ii.  sliMip 1**1 

llarv  i^sl  gwcii.  strunicr •»«.  •JIM.  :i»ii 

Ilarvi'sliT.  liiirk.  wrrck Wl 

lliiricv.  Mills,  ship,  wri'fk .Ill 

llusUi'li.Ciipl.  I),  II I'll 

lliissiilu.  slraiiitT rtft 

HiiHsiiht.  sli'iinicr .•.f74.  ;c>ii 

HusliMifs.  Capt,  I,  n •'"•'1 

llusIill^■s.('llpl.  I,.  II Ml 

lliiti'li.l'upt. /..  ,1     •-<■•' 

llallli'iil.  Ciipl.  ,lol> '.'1 

llatlli'iil.  I'lipl.  .Idliu  .\ '-IW 

lllillir.  slciillirr   ;I4H 

lluUii'C    lli'ssi'.  haiU 17N.  1X7 

..    wi k  iim 

llallii'  Itilli'.  slcaiwr  .  H'l 

II  at  til-  Ilansfii.  straiiu-r MV 

llauuhtcm.  .'ilm •-'!*! 

llattlrv.li.W ■•^» 

llaycii-n.  I'apt.  William  () I.V.' 

llaVI'S.  Sl'lHHllHT    a4r» 

Hayes.  .Insi'iili •-W 

Haytian  Ut'pllhiif.  slcainsliip .'W" 

Hayuiinl.  ("apt.  liiiirKi' 'ni* 

Ha'/ant.  ship U 

Ht'ati'r.  ('apt.  iJi'orKf 44.1 

H.'i II.  .M.  S IIUI 

Ih'ci'Ia.  llnilKi H 

lliiil-'es.  rapl.  ,\.  F .IM 

Hci(.|i.  sti'amt'r •-1I7 

liflcii.  sriinimcr.  wrfi-U 4.VJ 

Hll. n  .Mifiir.  ship 1117 

lli'li'ii  W.  .Minv.  liarK 1117 

lli'liiis.  ship  lH'i 

Hi'lHlfrsiiii.  rapt.  William 17,5 

lli'iil.y.  .N'l-il  •-►-•4 

lli'iiiit'sy,  rapt.  Janii's .•iWi 

lli'iirii'tta.  sti-amiT    HI 

Hi-iirii'tta,  sli'ami'r 17H 

Ili'Ury.  lirii.' •-*"-• 

lli'liry  llaiii-y.  sti-ami-r .•Wi 

Ili'urV  lli'ntiis.  schmmi'r iXt 

■■    wrn-h  Mil 

Henry  Villanl.  sti'ami'r ■.■"I 

llfUspi'liT.  Capl.  Liiitis  .   •,MI 

IPra,  schiiiiiiiT •,Mil 

Herald,  sliip  II 

lleralil.  H    .M.  S -.'l.-J-.' 

Ilerahi.  steamer.   :W 

Ilerlierl.l'apl..l"s|.ph ■,«SI 

Herniaii.  steainsliiii    imi 

Herman,  ship,  ui'eeit •J.'iil 

Herman  lloetnr.  ship 1^7 

llermiru.  sleaiiier —  ."Kl 

Hen  ha.  sliip 1K7 

llesper.  liarll ■.HI 

lleuill. rapt. Charles  II -i'ti 

llieics,  rapt.  Kolierl 11.1 

lliilak'ii.  hrli; iWi 

Hill.  ('apt.  I'harles  II .'Ml 

Hill.  I'apl.  .lames -JiT 

Hill,  rapt,  MIliMie  Ml 

HiiHls.  ('apt.  .liihti  !•' II--* 

Illnsiiali-.Capt.  syl\ester la 

Hiilisi.h.  I'apt.  Uieharcl 117 

Hulls I'apt.  W.  H Sri 

HiiilL'iliiu.  lirii;.  wredl .Ill 

H.vi-1k«iiii.  I..  V 71 

Hiillaiiay.  Hen l.V,' 

Hi  Uaila'v  .1^  l-'llnl lim 

III.  lailaV  Slat'e  l,lhe l-» 

Hiillaiiil.  .Iiihii  J 111.1 

Hiilmes.  W.  S ->."• 

lliilmi-s.  lapl.  William ,-711 

lliinian.  1.  .1 ','.511 

Hiinier.  sti-amslili>     .'IHll 

Himt'liUirk.  ('apt.  Charles .117 

HiKisii-r.  steamer Xi 

Hmisier.  sti'iimer in 

Hnlie.  iiriir « 

Hiipe.  l.rii! IN 

lliipe.  Ilritisli  steamer 114.  INi 

llnpi.  I'm.'1-t  Siiiiiiil  steamer  •,'HH 

Hiin-asitas.  Siiaiiisli  liriK 7 

lliirnt-l,  sti-amer -JSH.  .IT.'j 

Hiirseshiii-.  stejiiiii-r .'IM 

lliirtim.  William  .S' .'i.=i 

Hiiuilielte.Capt-   llenryC '.'.V. 

Hi  HIS  t  nil.  Henry  Frank.   -,»•,' I 

Hmvaril.  sleamer -Jtlii 

lliiwaril.  Cajn.  l-Mwaixl  11-,' 

HiivieU.i'apl   .li-ITersiin  1) -,•-,'4 

l|llVM-ll..ll.ll11.l 

Hiiwi-s.  Capl.  li.  I-; ..  .„.• 

lliiVl.Capt    cleort'eW :«1 

llnvl.  Ca|it.  Ui-hanl.Si' -Al 

lliiyt,  (apt.  Hii'haril..lr I.'m 

Hiiyt,  Capt.  Samuel  .\...  .117 

Hneni'iiie   si-hitiaier -jTv'* 

llvn-'li.  Han-lay.  lirij: IIUI 

Hin:hes.Capt.  William  I) Ill 

Hamliiiltlt.  r.  S.  si-l ler I7ii 

Hiliiie.  .1.  Freil ......'W4 

Humphri-y.  Capt,  I).  .1 ;(,•»'.' 

Hunter,  tin.' .-mi 

Hunli'i-,  Capl.  .1.  C 'JKI 

Hiiiiliiii.'tiiti.  Capt. 'riioniaH 11.1 

Hmitress,  sti-aiiHT ;^Jl 

•'    liuriieil .•m 

Hulitsville.  hark tii.-t 

Hustler.  Capt.  . I.  (! .e» 

Ilnstler,  steamer ,-(mm 

Hnti-hlnsi.ii,  K'nhl  ,y  I'll hit 

Hyae,  sleamer , ;ti7 


llyiH'U.  steamiT    

Ilyilra.  sti-aiiit-r 

Hyltiiti  Caslle.  sleaniHlilp 
ii     wrei'k 


PAi.K 

-IKi 

.    .    .  •JKI 
...HIS.  •.•7!) 

.mi 


I   11.  I.iint.hriK  47.  IIW 

I.  I.  Steyeus,  sehoonor W 

1.  .\l.  S..  hark  II" 

I.  Merrithew.  hark,  wnink  4li 

leiiniiiiii.  liark *^*.  lH-'* 

Ilia  .\itii.  si'hiHiner I'^l 

Ilia  II  lingers,  lirik'.  wreek    ITll 

hln  Ktta.  seluHiher    WHI 

Ilia  l^ehiianer.  si'luMiner  •-I7 

lilahii.  slilewheel  steamer I«,  ••W  •."li.'i 

lilaliii.  stcainsliip ....iri7.  •.*75 

-    wreek :it:i 

Iilahii.  Fraser  lliver  sleamer 114 

lilallii.  Kimlenai  hake  steamer X\H 

Ilmeh.  ship    1'* 

Ilwaen  SI  earn  Nayii-'aliiiii  Cmiipany 'v':i4 

Imperial  Katrie.  ship 4 

IIiipriiM-inelit.  steamer Xil 

llieiinstaiit.  H   .MS •.M 

Imlepemlent.  sleailuT 7.1 

Iniliamaii.  sliip   Hi-I 

Ihilian  I'aeUet.  ship H 

Itiillana.  steamer -Hl^i 

Inilustrv.  liark "11.  H".  l:«l 

"     ureek 11-1 

Iniillstry.  steamer :Wll 

inirails.  .S.  II 4.1 

liilaiiil  Star,  steamer  Wil 

Insley.  Capt.  .\sliiiry li;l 

liispeetion  Ilistriet  III  \'iiitiiria IHI 

lola.  sleamer    Xtl 

Inn.  sehiMiner.  urei-k    IHIJ 

Inlle,  steamer .•Wl 

Ipheueliia.  sliip    4 

Iralila.  steami-r 1W* 

Irene,  tirik'.  wri-ek .'iMI 

Iris,  sti-aiiier    II.t 

Iris.  .Maska  sieaiiiiT  '141 

Iris.  Ilritish  steamer -.111.  -.W 

Irllia.  sti-atiii-r 4111 

Irm^'aril  liarki-ntine :Wll 

Iryinir.  Capt.  .Inliii  i.*17 

Irvinj,-.  Capt.  William -Jl 

Isaae. leans,  ship  ll»l 

Isaae  •I'nilil.ship 1',' 

isalii-l.sehiMiner    Ill 

Isabil.  Iiai-U    :l:«i 

IsaI.el,  Hrilish  ste.imer 14«.  :ri7.  :K, 

Isatiel.  WiUamette  Itiyer  steamer    '-IM 

-I     nri-ek       .'IM 

Isaliella.  hark,  wreek II 

Isalii-lla.  si'hnotier.  ui'ei'k  ',':lll 

Isalielle.  steamer -.Kt 

Isianil  llelle.  sii-anu-r Ml 

Islalnl  t^lleen.  sehiMiIier 711 

Islaniii-r.  steamship  .'t.'>l 

1st  limits,  steamship —    :im 

Ivalilnie,  ship,  uri'i'k    41.5 

Iwaniiwa.  liarii.  \yn*ek l.'*l 

lzi-t..liilin  M 114 

.1.  II.  Hell,  liark.  wreek '.".n 

.1,  It.  Hi'invn.  lirit'.  wreek lis 

.1.  II.  I.i-eils.  sehiKiner '.'ir> 

.1.  II.  l.ililiy.yleanh'r Its.  IM.  :llil 

--    tini-neil .-17-,' 

,1.  II.  Steplli-ns.  steamer    .'I'-M 

.1.  c.  Ilrittain.  sleamer.  wrei'k Ill 

.i.e.  Chanipiiiii.  si'liiMiner 1 1:1.  ill-.' 

.i.C  Cnnsins,  si-lnmniT '-'ss 

••     wri-eU     Ill 

,1,  c.  I-'ni-il.  si-hiinner.  wreek   41.1 

,1    K.  Hnyilin.  till.' .'I.'>7 

.1.  Haniiltnn  Lewis.  seiiiHiner l.'Ct 

.-     siiziu-e  4:1; 

.1.  H.  Unsi-ile.  set Per ITU 

,1.  M.  c.ilemali.  tiiir Ilil 

.1.  M.  Cnleinan.  sehiHiner .    .'LMl 

.1.  M.  llrilllth.  liarki-ntine    .-Hll 

.1.  .M.  Wealherwii.x.  si-liiHiner ;|MI 

.1.  Orilwav.  steamer --'In 

..    linrni'il  .'Kl 

.1.  U.  Melmnalil.  steamer :l7ii 

"    tnirneil 411 

.1.  H,  .Mnra.  liark     Til 

.1.  U.  Wllitim.'.  sehnntier .'17.  .V* 

.1.  S.Calinl.  Iirlk-    70 

.1.  W.  .Viiiire.  sleami-r    I'JII 

.lai-kal.  lirii; II 

.laeknlisnn.Calit.  Vielur    4:14 

.laeksnn.Capt.ll.il -Jliri 

.laeksnii.  .Inhii  H HI 

.laeksnli.  Capt.  Samiti-l  lis 

.laueis.  Capt.  .liihn  F Ill 

.lauii-s  .Mien.  hark,  wreek I-Jii 

.lami's  .\.  liarllelil.  sehnoiier -.'sh 

.1  anil's  I  "I  in  Inn.  steainer all 

.laiiii-s  llriimmiinil.  ship  —   ;l.iM 

.iami-si:    lilaiiie.  si-li.Hiner .'Ili:i 

.laniis  I  i.  Swan,  si-lmnner —  4.'(4 

.laniis  Mall,  e,  sleamer -.'T'J 

.lanii  s  Marsliall.  hrlt'     .-« 

.lain,  s  Mi-NaiiL'lit.  steamer    --V7 

.laiiii-s  .Miirlie.  sleamer 1IC> 

.lanii-s  I',  l-'liiit,  steamer ;|4 

.lames  W.  I'afe.  hark .'17 

.lam-,  lirii; .'Hi 

.lane  .\.  Falkenlieri.'.  liarkehtine 

till,  imi.  iss.  --Mil,  -Si' 

.lane  liray.  schnnner.  w  reek  .'nil 

.lanti  West,  steamer •,t«l 

.lanet.  sleamer ■>7 

•lanet.  lirit' a 

.lapan  Cnasl  8ealliiK  Caloll,  1KII5 4511 


.lennii 
.lennie 
.lennie 
ilennie 
ilennii 
Jennie 
Jennie 


.layliawker.  steamer .. 

Jeanette.  selliMIier 

Jeaiiie.  HteamHtiip  

Jeanni'tle,  II.  .S.  sleanier 

Jeunuette.  Kteamer  

Jeannle.  aleanier 

JelTi'iill.  J.  r. 

.leff  Iltiyls.  r.  S,  reyi'tme  eulter... 

.lelTersnn.  ship 

JelTersnn.  I'apl,  Kiij-'elie  H..  

Jennie  .Mice,  ship  

■  Ciirriiii.  sti-imer 

'  Fnnl.  harketiline,  wreck  . . 
.fiine.  sleamer 

•  Stella.  si-hiHiner 

Thelin.  sehimner.  wreek.. . 
Walker,  si-hnntler 

I  Waliil.  sehniint'r 

Jenuin^H.  ilerryman 

JetmimrH.  Charles  H 

.leuny.  Ainerieati  ItrlK 

.leiiny  Clark   steamer ., 

Jenny  Fnnl.  hark 

Jenny  Jnties.  sehimner  

Jenny  I'itls.  hark 

"    wn-ek 

.1  ■iisen.  Cajit.  Will 'am 

.leremiah  Thntlipsiin.  ship     

.lernme.  I  'apt ,  I  ienrue 

Jessen.  Capl,  (1.  M 

.lessie.  steamer 

.li-ssie.  steamer 

Jessie  .N'iekersnn.  scliiMil  er 

.Iiiati.  steamer 

Jiiaqnlna.  Iiriir 

.Ine  Ailams.  steamer    

Jim*  halie.  V.  S,  revenue  em  ler  .. , 

Jnhii  anil  Samin-l.  sehniiner 

Jiihli  HrU'l.t.  seliiMiiier 

.Inhii  llriu'lit.  tiarU.  wreek 

.Inlin  llryee.  ship,  wreck     

.Inlin  C.  Fremniit.  liark.  wreek  .... 

Jnliii  II.  Tatlaiit.  si-hnnni-r  .    

iliilin  Iiavis.  lirii: 

John  1;.  I'lilley.  hark 

.Iiiliti  li,  .N'lirlh.  si-hiHiner 

.Inhli  liales.  strainer 

.Iiiliii  M,  Ciini-li,  steamer    

.Inlin  Ilanenek.  sehiMiner.  wreek  . . 

.Inlin  .lav.  sliip     

Jnlni  I.,  liiiiiMiii'k,  slilp 

.Inlm  Ii,  Steplii-ns,  sti-aiiiHliip  . ., 

.Inlm  .N'alinll.  steamer 

.Inlin  I'l-tlv.  hrii;  

.Inhn  llnsenrelil.  ship,  wrei'k 

.Inlin  Sinitli.  iiarkt-ntine 

.Inlin  Sli'M-iis,  si-hnniier.  wreek    .. 
.inlin  T.  Wrii-'hI.  steamship    .    ,., 

.Inhn  W,  Cater,  hark  

.Inhn  West,  steamer 

.Inlm  Wiii-eesler.  liarkeiit iia-.  un-i- 

.Iiihnsiin,  Capt,   F.rle 

.Inhiis.m,  Capt,  I'itilip 

.inlitisnn.  Capl    William 

.inlinstiin.   Willi 

.limes,  Capl,  Charh-s  II 

.Iiilles,  Capt,  I-',  II 

.Inni-s,  Capt,  .lames  

.Inrilan,  Capl,  F.  W 

.Iiinlan,  Capl    IN'ter    

.Inrilisnn.  Capt.  Jiihn 

.Insepli  Ki-H.-ei.'.  sli-amer    ,. 

.liiseph  I'eaiiiHly.  ship     

.Insepti  IN.rkins,  tiarki-ntine.  wree 

.liiseph  Warri-n.  hark,  wreek 

.Iiisepliine.   sleam.  r 

•-     hiiih-r  e.vplnsiiit 

Jnsepliiii.-,  bark     

.Insie  Hiiri-iiws.   steamer 

.liisie  MrNiar.  sleamer    

.Iiian  lie  Ftii-ii 

.Inanita.  sehnntier 

.Iiiiiii.  seliiinner 

.liilia,  sleamer 

.Iiilia.  sleamer 

.Inlia  Fnaril,  hark,  wreek 

.Ill I  ill  anil  .Marian,  steamer 

.liiliel,  si-lini.iii-r.  wi keil 

.Iiilins  Hrimlle,  seliiMiner 

.Iilliii.  steamer    

Jniin.  H..M.S 


aw 

79 

aw 

mi 

am 

aw 

urn 

. . .  riH.  WI.  7'.' 

« 

,'«iii 

1117.  I7V 

a:*? 

1.11 

.'«4n.  411H 

'^45 

*« 

inn 

an 

«i 

'jiiii 

11 

HI.  iim 

....         HI 

I'.>7 

.    ..    Ill.'i. '.Mil 

'.im 

iHa 

iBil 

.    <H 

KH 

•MX  -tm,  '.117 

:i.vi 

'."-Jii. -WI 

4ir,' 

.     .'K 

■,'7».  am 

m 

inn 

IIIH 

1711 

lilHl 

H'J 

xa 

,•» 

w 

!»« 

AW 

117 

4I'.' 

IIV> 

IIB 

lljll.  IHi.iX; 

'«!,  ani 

•« 

.i:«i 

:«ii 

711 

M.i 

'Jl 


I'jii 

177 
.'I'J 

a4i 
•ill 


•J7.1 

.tw 
•im 

■JW> 
14 


.     4« 

4II1I 

147 

■i 

4-jr 

,  4-Jl 
•Jllll 
74 

.•tv, 

.•mil 

,  ;i.ss 

4.1 

4H 


KalllrCiiier.  hark 

Kaisiia  ,  hark 

Kainesi-halki',  Hiissian  ship 

Katiilnniis  Steam  Niuiizaliiin  Cnmpany, 

KaniliHips,  steami-r 

Kanini,  Capl,  Chat  les  T 

Kaiiiin,  .lai'iih 

Kasln,  sleamer 

K'alala,  steamer 


II  1.1 
XM 
ll'j 
'Jill 
liVi 


Kale 


elli 


Kale  anil  .Anna,  sleamer  , 


K'ate  .\iliinis,  selii 
Kate  llniiL.'las 


Katlierine,  sleami-r , 
Katie.  I'nili-il  Stale 


Kalie.  steamer 

Katie  Cnnk.  tin-' 

Kalie  Fliekinirer.  Iiarkeuttne 

Katie  Ilaliett.  steainer 

Katie  I.ailil,  steamer 

KatielVNeil.  till.' 

Katyiliii.  sehiMiner, , 

Kaul.  seliniini-r 

Keannli.  seiiiin^'er 

Keilar.  tiark.  wri  .'k.. 

Keone.  Capt.  J.  \V 


I    I 


Ki^hunl,  HdmiDPr *il' 

KclliT.  (*H|H.  AllM-rt  \V 7T 

KclhiKtf.  ('ttpl.  I'liurU'KH ■••rti 

Ki'llniftf.Ctipt.  JoHt'ph '■£( 

Kcllt>K«.  Orrin .   .  aiT 

Kfllv.  (I'i'W ■-*?* 

Kelly,  ('ilpl.  .Inhu IH1 

Kfiinwly.lhivlil liU 

Kfuni'(ly,.lohu  H ^J-'i 

Kcul.  ri.  H rrt 

Kentucky,  t<rlit Irt»» 

KtMtku.  imrk .W 

Ki'Wi'CDuw.Htt'HfnHblp 4IC1 

"    wrt'fk .  117 

Kl(UI..IohD8 Afi 

Kililouuu.  Ktt'uincr 'trj 

KllKiiri'.  HolMTt  K Jw 

Ktlkcuny,  NchiMUHT Hih 

Killiinioiik.  nI(mi|) :i7 

Kf  Hon,  Cant.  Thiiiniift IWI 

K imln-il .  <  'upl .  H.  < ' *i 

Kimlntl,  ('u|H.  Ilinry *«i 

Kitnf,  licniilHW ,.  mi 

Ktiijr,  .Iitnit'N 171 

Klntf  CvniH.  Hi'h(i«»n('r .  IWi 

Kliitf  (i<'nrK<''M  Aonnd  Cnmpuuy :t 

Kiii»f  Philip.  Hhin Wi 

Kiti^  IMillIp,  ImrK.  wri-ok 'JtV'* 

l\  lUIH' V ,  ( 'iipt  H   II M 

Kitiiii'V.  Clint.  ThomuN  K '•'lU 

KIrkuliUti.Ciipt.J    II ;»»7 

Klrkliiuil.  stninirr .'tr>7 

Kit  CiirNon,  Nliip 77 

KiiHiip.  Ni'luHiticr :viit 

•■    wri'fk ;aM 

KltHiip,  imrkimUnc -'mh 

"     wrci'k  :WI 

KtyiiN.  HtrumtT Ilrt 

KuuKK^.  (iiM)rKa  ^* 

Knolt,  Capl.  A.  J UH 

Knlou.  brlK    ..   Irtrt 

K<Hili>ii»i.  Nifimii'r     ;<»7 

Kraft.  Capt.  ('liurlfM  F. .   14 

Kn-NM.  A.  M I»7 

KulnHoff.  bark PW 

Kvlf.  William an7 


li.  II.  HastlnizH.  scliiMmiT \'.*t 

1.. .?.  rrrry,HU'ain('r •S\7.  .Urt 

I..  I».  FnsliT,  HflHKiUCr 4H.  7H 

L»  CiiniaN,  stcamrr iVH 

Lii  <ii'n>ui)t',  Hfh<MiD4>r 'SV7 

I*u  IN'nuiHi'.  (J 4 

LaStriT.  Kn'm'li  frliftttt' 170 

I^abourlnTi',  Ntf  amrtlilp H*.* 

■•     wn-i'k     153 

Lady  immTtti,  h\vi'. ,iier ^7.  ^iH.  aiVi 

hiiilv  KaiiipNfiii,  li'.rk 1711 

Lady  nf  till- La'-.'.Hleamer hh 

Laily  (if  tin- Lakft.  NtiMiDH-r '-tM 

I^aily  Mine.  NuhtMiniT  .     - »*7h 

LimI'v  Wushluntoii.  NtoamtT -i^'i 

LuliijT.  Cant.  A.  U "A-T 

Lalim.  HiibiTt 4i 

Lake,  T.  W 4-17 

Laki' WuHliiD»rl(>n  Hhip  ounal I'Jl 

Lakinc.  Kli'amtT -VA 

LanH'thi'tlipn't.  r'rt'inii  >itciimtT I7rt 

...    -Jltii 

i;t7 

:c.H 

117 

-jiirt 


lianimtTluw,  bark.  wr«' 

LKnipnuiii.  Ilt-nry  

Lttucasicr  Castk*.  ship. 
LuufM'upi.  Nut.  IL.Sr, 
Lam>.  Capt.  Nut.  H.  Jr 

Luntfli'y.  si'luKniiT fw* 

liUHK'Ifv.  i'apl.  Wallai-f :t77 

Lapli';Tf,  Capt.  W.  F ih 

I>urk.  snow 1 

Larkiun,Cupt.  William  E -Ml 

Larsi'U.  .Idliii . .    ...   —  .'Ml 

Latona.  stt'umcr *jmi 

Lutonu,  Kteumer .'175 

Lutnulu.  Ntt-amcr 7:t 

I..uum.  sfhtHinfr,  wrcek *fi 

Laura.  HclinntitT.  wn'i'k 4i\ 

I.<aura  Maml.  ■.ininuT     ;*!(( 

IjUtira  May.  scIuhhht.  wreck v.'v*'-' 

Laiiru  May.  sclnKHier "J^fT 

Laurel,  steamer     .'flt;l 

Latisiiniit'.  nark 11'.  117 

Liiw.  William    .    ..    ir>l 

I..a\vlor.  Ih-iinis 17:1 

Lavvsnn.  Csipt.  KnhtTt  .1 "JC 

Leuh.  sehiMiiier  ...     H:i.  KW 

Le  llulllsler.  Ciipl.  A.  K :Vi7 

Lee.Cupl.  (JeiirKe  A :t7K 

Leeds,  Capt, .).  H IKS 

LeKul  Temler.  schiMmer UW 

Le  UiilerullKuble,  Freueh  ship ■      v!l 

Lena,  sieiimer    ."Wk  :«wi 

"    burned 4<»tl 

Lena  *;.  <iray,  steumer -Mh 

Leo,  Hteumer ■it'i.  .'CI** 

••     wrec^k ;WI 

Lennade,  Hi'himner 143 

LeoDurd.  steumer    ...  ."«■* 

LeonidaK.ship. 70 

Leonora,  brl^r .15 

LeoDoru,  steamer ^H 

Lennitra,  Nteamer 37t( 

Leonore,  hark Irtft 

Le(mnre,  Chilean  hark,  wreek  41*-* 

Leonosa.  hrlK. IS* 

Leueve.  ('apt.  (Ic^orKO    XU 

Lenoen.  t'apt.  J.  K ..   14*J 

Levant,  l'.  8,  sloop tfl 

Leviathan,  steamer 74,  101 

Lewis.  Capt.  H.  (i 40 

Lewis.  Wllliiim    «y 

Lewis  &,  Lake  River  Transportutlnn  Cnni 

puny x«i.  v'HO 


INDKX 


Lewlslnn.  Hleumer lOO.  HVI 

Lewfslen.  steamer Ii;t 

LIbbv. Charles  W ,'»» 

l^lliby.Cupi    Klmer  K iW 

l.lhby.4'uiil.  .Inhn  II UK 

I<lbby,CupI    S   I» IIH 

Liherlv.  tuK  .    ,         :»\r 

Lieen^ed  cimeer'.  Pu^et  Snunil.  1M74       .  .  •i\*< 

LU-risrd  iinieers  Willamette  hlslriet  .     HW.  in 

Ller  Krleksiiii,  Hleumer.  huriuMl  —  twt 

LlKhtner.  Cap!   .1.  K -rn 

LlnhtnhiK- "tHHMaier Imk 

l.lnurla.  ship,  wreck £*! 

Llhnluho.  sclHMtlier 'JtW 

Lllu  and  Mat  lie,  -.ehooDer :V*i 

Lllllun.  St i-amer 'Jit5.  ;40:> 

Lllliun,  steamer ;107 

I<illle.  selHK.ner.  selztnl VM 

lilllle.  seltiNiner,  wreeU. :&>.'* 

Lll'.hH'i.  steamer fji 

Lilly  (;raee.  bark,  wreck IW 

LIIIv,  K<M>irnal  Kivcr  sii-amer    ... i'H 

Lily,  steamer •*tw 

LInenln.  I'.  S.  r-'venue  culler,  wreck 4.'I 

Llnnl'>.  steamer I74 

Little  Aiini* .  steamer -,'11 

Little  .liM'.  Meainer ;i:t7 

107 
\w 

•iV\ 

MM 
17b 

:k.s 
;!7:t 

14 
M-i 

:«Ut 


Live  Yankee,  bark  . 

Lively,  steuilier 

Ll//lc.  sclMHiiier,  wn>uk 

Llz/ie  A,  steamer 

Ll/.zie  tiiitfks.  bark,  wreck 

Ll/./ie  Hornet,  sleamer,  bullor  explosion  . 

LIz/le  Marslnill.  I>urk.  wreck 

Lu/h>  Vance.  schiHiiier 

Li//le  WllllaniH.  bark,  wreck 

Llama.  American  brl^ 

Liii'ke.  Capt.  Colin  K 

Locke  Cap!    L.  I* 

LiH'kw.NHl.C.  K 

Locust,  steamer 

I,4>tfan.  W.  I» ;«• 

Lo^' rafi.  tirst  on  Pacihi-' Count Iii7 

Lo^' ran.  lirst  succi>sKriil  iripof lil 

Litiie  Fishernuin.  steamer ;«r; 

Lontf  Tom  Transihtrlalion  Company.   .   .    .       ITm 

L<s>  ChiM>.  schooner :*<..> 

"     wreck .'A) 

I^M.mls.  L.  A 'JHI 

Lonl.  H  (' IM 

Lord  Uairlan.  schooner 7m 

Lord  Uutflan.  bark,  wreck  .   43 

Lttni  Wesbiii.  bark,  wreck ,'>4 

Lorrn/.  Capi.  Kriiesi 4;47 

Lnrenz.  Capi,  C.  I),. ;»10 


can  race 


14 

,'4o:> 


i»i 


Loriei. 

Lome,  \nii 

fjoriiiii  and  Cockerinont 

Los  Aniretes.  steainsliii'         '-'If*, 

■■     wreck   tl'.i 

Lot  Whlicoinlt.  si.'umer :.••.* 

Lottie.  schiHUier -,'10 

Lniiif.  schtNMier,  wreck. ... .   iu\ 

Lottie,  schooner i-,tl 

■■    wreck  4;iH 

Ijotlie.  sleamer - :»L'i 

■'    wreck .Till 

Loiiic  Carsnii.  sdmoniT ■-*ss 

Lottie  Kairthlil.  schiHiuer.  wreck i;« 

Lttnika.  bark,  wreck .V.i 

Louis.  sclHMtner :Vili 

Louis  ots.-n.  steamer ;«i.  i:i( 

Louisa.  scb(Miti<-r .  lot 

Louisa  Ihiwiis.  selnMiuer.  w  reek ITu 

Loui-u  Morrisnn.  schiHiner liWl 

Liiiiisi'.  sii-iine-r ;trl7 

LiMiis.'.  St  ■:iioiT ;w.' 

Louise.  Alaska  strainer —  ;i."iH 

Louise  \'au;.'bii.  sieain'T.. .'fcVi 

Loxe.riipt.  Kreil  H 1S4 

I-ovejov.i'apI.  II.  II 7K 

Low,  Cap'    •'l'a''l''f*  H I'.'l 

Lower  Krast-r  Kiver  'rraTisp«irtatlon  C.i..   . .     |ip,» 

Loval  K.IIswortli.  steanirr I;t0,  147 

Lubbni-U.Capt.  H.  S 73 

Lui-is    ship,  wreck 7h 

Lueia  Mast  in.  steamer :>>7 

Luekiaimtif  Cliii'f.  sleamer wtui 

Lucy,  sti-uini'r :a»0 

Lurv.  stfiillK  r ;i">K 

Lucy  Ann.  brit; pkl 

Lucy  L.  Hale,  bark To 

I^ncy  Low.  steamer,  wn-ok 4oo 

Lnella.  siranier •*tVj 

Lui'llu.  schiMiner,  wrck ...    Ihii 

Luku.  selnHUier •.tW 

Lulu,  sleamer 3ll7 

LumlMT  Charter  Hall H.  IH73  ','lii 

Lupalla.  bark    ^.iw 

"     wreck -Jsii 

I..urline.  steamer iSi) 

Lux.  Henry ;tOH 

L.vdia.  brlK lu 

Lydia  Thoinjisou,  steamer 4iKi 

Lynuiu  I).  Foster,  schisicer 4U3 

Lyra,  brltf Hi 


M.  M.  Morrill,  schooner ...414 

Macdonald.  .lohn —  iVi 

MaehiKone,  Mi-lUHUier.  wreck 4ii 

Mackenzie.  Capt.  I) xa 

Maekte.  Peler AH 

Maekiintw.  steamship 4d:t 

.Mad^'e.  sleunuT ;W 

Madi^ati.  Heiijamin    Mo 

Madonna,  bark      "-'1.77 

Madras,  steamship :t»i.  ;*iO 

MuKellan.  Francis  i 

Mairj:ie  H,  Yarm.  sleumer.   3011 

Ma^-'trie  Mae.  sch'Mint'r 4itt 


PA(1K 

Ma«tfle  Mac.  wn-ck 43M 

.Ma^Kle  Itoss,  steamship,  wreek .1M 

Matfic,  iu»f  4(Nt 

Maunet,  Hh-umer iMO 

Maher.  Willlum.r mi 

Maid  of  un-unn,  sleamer HHb 

Maini>.  whalhm  ship,  wnu'k  M 

Mull  land,  W   K mi 

Majestic,  ship     Ml 

Major  Iteildlmr.  steamer .W 

Major  Thompklns.  sleumer W 

••    wreck ,.    M> 

Mukah.  barkenline ,1ii 

"     wreck   mi 

Mallevllle.  bark,  wreek ail 

Mallory.bark 47,  fli 

Miilolo,  scho«»iier rtti 

Mamie,  sleamer..   34-1.414 

Mamhesier,  ship Ill 

Mannie.  K.  N IW 

Manuel  Mouil,  shit ...    711 

Man/anil lo.  sieanirr 'JHft 

Mau/anlta.  r.  S.  sleamer .SfW 

Marcella.  sleamer     m 

Marchaiit.  <'apt.  Ueortfe IA5 

Margaret,  ship (t 

Mar^arei.  ('.  s.  Kch(H)Der,  wreck W!( 

Matyey,  steamer .'tsHi.  .170 

Maria,  steamer Vi,  liM 

Murla.  sleamer 34H 

Maria  K.  Smith.  selHsmer !J8H 

Maria  ti   Haaven.  sli'amer    .KIH 

Maria  .1   Smith,  bark,  wreck IWI 

.Maria  Wllkins,  steami-r 411 

Marie,  brijf.  wreck 4S 

Marlon,  sleamer 391 

Marion,  steamer .105 

Marion,  sleamer.  wreck  .'ftlft 

.Marine  KnMiiieersWHKoi'lalion .115 

Marmlon,  ship 105 

•'    wr.-ck •J7a 

Marshall.. lohn 50 

Marshall.  W.  H «M 

.Marsillloi.  M.  (J 'Sn 

Marh-n.  steamer      US.  170 

.Martha  Ui.leiuit.  bark,  wn-ck  315 

Marl  In  White,  sleamer 711,  74 

Mary,  bark    . 105 

Mary. ship Ii 

Mary,  steamer  51 

Murv.  steamer lOT 

Mary  A    Head.  brl« 100 

Marv  and  Susan,  bark,  wreck .101 

Mar\   Mell.  steamer IT? 

Mary  l>  Hume,  steamer   'J55. -.>K1 

Marv  Dare,  bark y| 

Mary  Kllen.  schiK)ner 4'*>7 

Mary  F.  I'erlev.  steamer :i57 

Mary  F.  Slade.  bark,  wreck IHI 

\Lirv  f'ilberi.  schiH>ner.  WH'ck I'Jii 

.Mary  <: lover,  ship Iitt 

Mary  Hall. steamer    .HW 

Marv  Hari'.sii'unier 4ItH 

.Mary  Kraft,  steamer 375 

"    tuiriied ;%(,=» 

.Mary  M.MMly.  steamer 145.  1H3,  '.fill 

Marv  Parker.  sclnMUier    iSW,  'J45 

"     wreck 4*J0 

Mary  Taylor.  selnMUier 'Ht.  OH 

Marv  Tavlor,  tut.' -iTll 

Mary  Taylor.  sclnH.ner 4!f7.  4.15 

Mary    \'iciorla  <in>etdiow.  Okaini^'un  Lake 

steamer :13k 

.Marv  Wiidileinaii.  barkenline iKH 

Marv  WtHHirulT.  steamer Il» 

"      beiler  e.Kplosion I.^ll 

Marvland.  brij.'      hi 

Masenll.  sleamer    3HII 

.MascoM.'.  sti-anier    ;I05 

MiiscMiii-.  wr.'cker :I77 

Masc.itii.  sii-amer,  burned 411 

Masc'iM.-.  sti-arn.-r      ;«( 

.Masli.r.  Capi.  Kre.lerick  3*^ 

.Massachuseiis.  1'    S-  sieumship .W.  h7 

Massiiclnisells.  ship    HK) 

.Maihilde.  ship,  wreck -JHll 

MalthfW  Yassar,  selUHiner    47 

.Malthews.  Caiil,  HA ^41 

.Maltie  Dyer,  schimner.  seizure I.'tt 

Maite- Madeav.  barU •Jill 

Maud  S  .  schonner 137 

Maudf.  sirauier 'jm 

Maudf.  sleamer IftW 

.Manna  Kea,  hark,  wreck 151 

Mav  I  telle,  sehiMUier W7 

.May  Daere,  brlH    14 

Mav  Que.Mi,  steamer rW 

Mavllower.  steamer    ... ;iW» 

Ma- (lower,  steamer 3lHl 

McAUep.  Capl.I,  W..    1'*^ 

.McAlIep.  Capi.  William  J IflO 

McAlmond.Capi   K,  H ...   ....    »5 

.Mc.XImiPiid.Capi,  Henry S7ii 

McAlpini'.  Capi.  A.  .N -m 

McCall.Capi.  M.  1) 'nn 

McCIure.  William 235 

MuCoskrle,C»pt.  Kdwurd    411 

McCoy.  Capt.  hklward 871 

McCoy.  < 'apt  .1.  A.      an 

Mcculloch.  Capt.  William   07 

McCully.  A.  A flP.  IIW 

Mccuiiy.i).  I) m,\m 

McIhTinoit,  1),  A 10« 

MclJonald,  Alexander  «)l 

Mclhiujfall.Capt,  William  D.  4.1H 

MeKneanv.  Kdward IW 

MciJee.  Capi,  .lames 177 

Mc(iin..h'remlah lUI 

Mel  iraih.  Capt.  Luke    416 

.MeCrejrcM*.  (ienrtre ;M4 

MctircKor.  Capt.  (Jeorge  W 375 


1 


INDEX 


xvn 


PAdK 

4.1" 

(Ok  .... 

aw 

4IW 

an 

ini 

.1W 

w 

aw 

mw 

SH 

hi 

Ml 

itii 

Ml 

ail 

47.  Til 

•.•7-J 

Ill 

IW 

ni 

a* 

IW 

im 

1(15 

11 

•«! 

:cai.  .•nil 

III.  IIM 

JMH 

-WK 

»« 

IHI 

mil 

« 

:wi 

:¥Vi 

:«a 

IliD     ... 

31S 

im 

am 

M 

-JIM 

«» 

H8.  17fl 

.11* 

711,  74 

ins 

11 

Ill 

1117 

inn 

ch 

ani 

177 

JKi. -JUS 

ai 

w 

:i.'i- 

.US.  IMS. 

'3W. 


IIU) 


OUltlllltrittl   LilUr 


lis)ill>  . 


.435 

:i:iH 

...  lilt 

...  lai 

...  Ill 

..  ;«i 

...  miTi 

...  :tTT 

...  411 

...  :iHii 
...  :kj 
..5rt,  h: 
...  iitt 
...  im 
...  t: 
...  -^41 
...  »:vi 

...    -JIM 

...  i;i7 

.  -Jill 

...  :vi-i 

...  ir>i 

...  \.\: 

...  If 

...  :«: 

...  ;iH\i 

...    IftHI 

...  i--»-j 
....  ifVi 
....    [ih 

....  •JT» 

....  --mi 

....  2:n 
....  -'as 

....  411 
...  371 

...  am 

....   11* 

..«!.  IIW 
.  .«1.  IIW 
....  IBH 
....  «M 

1) .  438 

IW 
17? 
11)1 
4)5 
:H4 
375 


P.AtiK 

Mcliityri'.  Ciipi.  .liimi'H  It^*> 

Ml'IVIT,  .lltllH-H \W 

Mtlvir.  HfKhTlih MM 

McKilv.riiiit.  IIil  :li 4art 

Mi'Kli'I.  Ciil*!.  HnlHTt   K 4*! 

MfKliiiioii.  ('it pi  .Mrxuiiilcr n>f 

Mi'l.i-iin.Citpl   .Mi'MuiiIrr 4'.*M 

Mi'Li'iin,  t'lipt.  IKinlrl 427 

Mct.i'iin,  I'lipt.  I.iiut.'hliii  43'J 

Mihi'<Kl, «  apl .  .roliil  4»H 

MfLr.Hl.riipt.  Williiiin.I 414 

Mi'MllIiui.Ciipl.  V.  II :««» 

Mi'Miriii\lIh*.  sIciuiHT *W 

McMnrris.Cupl,  M  A 3HM 

Mr.S'i'll.Ciipl.  Willfiim •■««• 

Mr.S'ullv.t'upt.  John 1'3 

Mcl'litiidiii.riipt    iNinitM  .'Wl 

McVlfiir.  I'lipl.  II.  J '-Mrt 

MiAVilllums.rupi.  WulUT X^' 

Mi>ur«'M,  Lieut.  .luhii 3 

Meili-H,  Nti'iiniKhlp .'l"" 

M.'*'k.  t'ol.Jns.'pli '4-! 

Mi't.'  Mrrrl Ill's.  st-luHmcr.  wivi'k HW 

M.'hurTv.Williitm 'I •>l 

M<-I..iu'lli(>n.  ImrUriitltit' ItWt.  1ti7 

Mrlilnii.  si'liiH>li<T.  \\n  ck '-Ml 

Mfiiftili'im.  t'apl-  Ati^riist lt>* 

Mt'iiMliikofT.  Imr-k ...   Ini 

Mi-ntor.  ship I-'l 

Mfn-huiits' Act'otiniiiHliiiliiii  \Auv 71 

MtTt'hunls"  Trim siMirliit ion  ('oiiipiiiiy 'Jw 

Miti'IihtiIm'  it  KiirniiTK"  Truusportutlon  I'o. .  1^') 

M.-n-imritnmn.  britJ    tW.  Iiw 

M(  rriirv.  sliit)  . .. It 

M»Tnmiii.  srhiKnuT.  ..  V^ 

■'    collision  wiHi  wimli* *W 

MiTniiitti.  siciinur    :W1.  ."Wl 

Mtrrlmiii-,  lujr      I-,*:.'.  l»ir>.  IH 

Mcrwin.  dipt.  \V.  K ■-iW 

McHNcui'r.  ('apt.  (iitir^fcl) liM 

McHscnjrfT.  NitMinuT -M3 

"    iMinii'il 4"Jii 

Ml*HHl'n^M'r.  Coos  lltiy  straiiit-r 'Jiw 

"    Inirin'il '■i\^ 

McsscUk'iT.  Cowlii/  Uivrr  sIfiinuT :>s 

Met  11,  stt'iiniiT 35* 

M«'tc<ir.  srlHM)inT .'fit'-i 

Mrtroiiolis.  Inirlt M,  tu't 

Mi'xiciiu.  sflnMintT  — .'fi' 

Mt'xii'iinii,  Spunlsli  triins|)orl  ' 

MrvtT.fiipt.  William ■-•71 

Micliik'un.  siranxT Iflii.  :UH 

MirliiKiu  .  Nii'um  si-hoonpr :i'»»l 

"    wri'i'U  41',' 

Mlhiiiln.  sliMlini-r li'tn 

MiUaliala.  sti-Hincr .'W» 

Milan,  barlt \Kt 

"    huriii'il «*• 

Miller.  I'.ipt.  t:ilwaril 'Jw* 

Miilt-r.  Ciipi.  .1.  I> -^7 

Miller,  Sebastian 45 

Mil<t  IJond.selHHmiT lliM 

Mllt<»n.  steami-r    :Wi 

"    hurrieil 4I'.* 

Miltcm  Had^-er.  sclnxmer I4-J.  Ill' 

Milvvaukie.  sieamer ',»7I 

Minilora,  imrk.  wreck in 

Miuer.Capt,  K.   I» 4I« 

Minerva,  seluMmer ;W 

Mink,  sii-atner :*'.» 

Minnie,  sflrnoucr.  sei/nre 434.  I3.*i 

Minnie  »lill.  steamer :W1 

Minnie  Holmes,  steamer 3T 

Minnie  M..  steamer...     :istii.  iflf.i 

Minnie  May.  steamer -'13 

Minnii'  Miller,  steamer :*'' 

Mliitiehalia.  s learner.   Itt> 

Minwera.  sleumship 4ok 

Mivhief.  steamer ;i:cJ 

Mississippi,  steamsliip -.•us 

"    luirnetl :il',' 

Missoula,  sieamer.    ...    I4H,  \Ki.  --MM 

Mill.  scluKmer ItWl,  4-:7 

Mili'liell..!.  K.  T m 

Mitchell,  ('apt.  S.C ITU 

Milclu'll.  ('apt.  \V.  K -JKit 

MlH■Uin^'l^inl.  steamer IV-^ 

M<tileste.  Hritisli  sltMipor-wiir "Ji 

M-hIoc.  i-r -JIM 

Mmloc.     u  r ;itl5 

M<m1us  Vivendi 4;ttl 

Mot-'ul.  tun 3;W.  414 

*■     rtreck 4-Jl 

Mohawk.  scluMUier 3l« 

Mohican,  r.  S.  steamc' 155.  17*1,  !H7 

Mohonj.'o.  steamship -JJVt 

Moilie,  steamer :;ni 

Mollie  Adams.  si'Ihhiiut 4:« 

Moilie  llleaker,  sleailKT ;«V> 

Mont!la.  hritr  ItVl 

Monevnick,  Itark IH5 

Monitor,  liric \M 

Montana,  HleaniKliip I5ii 

Miuitana.  hark,  wreck  .'tl 

MouieChristo,  sieamer — .'fiHi 

Monterey.  V.  S.  schooner 51 

Monterey.  V.  S.  coast  derender 410 

M»mlesano.  sieamer •.nt4.  JKVt 

MoulKomery  I'list  le.  ship  .  Imm.  Iiim 

Mnnllcello.  steamer :t(ii 

Monticelio  .S:  I'owllt/.  Laiidln^'  Sleamlioat 

Company Ii'».  Iittt 

Monlst-rrat.  steamship.. :t7i> 

"    wreck 4Hl 

Moodv.«'apt.  K.  .1 -Jii' 

Moore,.!.  \V -JIH 

MiHin-.  Capl.  William H-J 

Moore.  Capl.  William  H 415 

MfKis.Capt.  Nels 4'JH 

Morau.  I'airick 5h 

Morehouse,  Capt.  (icorjre  F -414 


i'ai;k 

Murj-an.  Kvan    34H 

Mort'an,  Cupt.  Henry Ii»3 

Mon.'iiii,  Capl.  .laiiieH '.*iH 

Mori.'au.Capl.  M.  () 3-31 

Mnniinu'  (;h.ry.  slilp Wi 

Miiriiiiii:  Star,  harl* *.*•,' 

■•     wreck 'J7 

Morning  Star.  schiNitier 5W.7h.ihi 

"    wreck 117 

Mnro,  HleamiT 34»* 

Moro.  gasoline  hcIkmiikt 4'Jit 

Morris,  steamer    3li",* 

Morrison.  Capl.  Man  imi 

Most's  Taylor,  sii'iuiishtp    17m 

Moses 'I'liner.  sclioiiuer. W 

Molt,   Klljali              i;W 

Moiiiiit.Capi,  William -Jl 

.Mount  V'lrniui.  ship 23 

Mountain  Muck,  steamer ..  05 

.Mountain  Muck,  steamer. .'LVi 

Mountain.  Capt.  TlKunas in 

Mounlain  t^ueen.  'steamer il'.i.  vIKJ 

Mnuutuitieer.  steamer :*w 

Mouninu't.  Capl.  KuhiTt  M ■,'l.'i 

Mud  Men.  steamer -.tui 

Mudl-'e.S.  W •Jl»7 

Multnomah,  steamer ...    :tl 

Mulluouuih,  steamer ;fcfl> 

Mumfonl.  steamer    - 14H.  UW 

.Muiiirer.  .\lltert  M -iitt 

Mutir.H-.Capt   W.  K -.Jlit 

Munsie.  William 4-,»H 

Munsnn.  (->-il  S WW 

Mnusnu.  Capt.  ,1.  I) UVi 

Muriel,  steamer     341 

Murniv.  Capt.  A  lexnnder  .Sinclair .TI 

Murray.  It.  .1 ...  3;i7 

Murray.  William toj 

Must  ant-',  hark,  wrecit  151 

.Muiine.  H.  M.  S IILS 

Myrtle,  steamer •,•74 

Mystery,  sti-anicr 377 

Mystic,  sieamer ;flN) 

"    wrt'ck ii-i 

S.  S.  Men t ley.  steamer   .I'ft 

Nalioli.  hark,  wreck    -jitl 

Nahumkea;.'.  Iiark 47 

"     wreck  PW 

N'akusp.  steamer |'J-,» 

Namiimo.  scluHPiier,  wreck litK 

N'analmu.  hark :iiti 

Namiimo  Packet,  sclnMincr 7h.  ill,  pw 

Nanette,  hark.  wrecU H7 

Xarramissie.  Iiark PJI,  pitl 

Nassau,  schoiuicr,  wreck 13 

Nell,  steamer 314 

Nellie,  steamer '^13 

Nellie,  steamer •,',"».'{ 

Nellie,  sieamer tlH? 

Nellie,  steamer,  wreck .'fil5 

Nellie  McCreary.  steamer ;fr5 

Nellie  Mav.  hark,  wreck ;W1 

Nellie  Merrill,  liarlu-ntine 113 

NeNiui.  steamer ;6i| 

Nelson.  Capt.  A... 144 

Ni-Ni.u.  Ciipt.  John  K an 

NeNun.  William  J ai7 

Neptune.  steamer   -J?!! 

"    burned :i?s 

Nesior.  bark \m 

Nellie  H..  steamer ;i7r> 

Ne\a.  Itussian  ship it 

.Nevada,  sclii Miner    7(| 

New  Uacket.  sleaimT  'M\ 

Newbern.  steal  iship,  urecli 4iii 

Neubv.  Capt.  J  .|iu 3III 

Nevvhall.  l-'raiik  H 3|H 

NewiMirt.  steamship it\i 

Newport  Traiispnrtatifiu  Company ins 

New  Teiiirio.  siiaiiier i'Hi 

New  Westmiii-vler.  si'-ainer vliM 

New  World,  sti'iimer i-.M.  |i;5 

New  World,  bark in 

New   S'orli.  steamer ....  ,3-Jl 

Nez  I'eree  Chief,  steamer Ii:>.  IW,  1117 

Nihbe,  Capt.  Jolui  11 :t('rfl 

Nicholas  Middle,  ship  ...   p\5 

Nichols.  Ciipl.  Melville 374 

Nicholson.  Kenneth •J7h 

.Niehaum.  ('aiii.  (ir.stav , i.vi 

Niemau.  William  li '*H-i 

Nii-'hiiutrale.  ship    ||>i 

Nimlius,  shi|).  wreck iMI 

NimriMl.  sl.'amer ;«( 

No  Wonder,  steamer :M\i\ 

Nonpareil,  bri^' (ii 

Nonpiireil.  schonucr Pit 

NoolUa.  snow ;i 

Nora  Hai-Uins,  sehiHMier.  wreck  4|k 

Nornui.  steamer    ;>M.  i*j;i 

.Vormaii  Morrison,  ship ,"{■,',  40 

Nortii  May,  steamer l+irt 

"    burned 37:i 

North  Mend,  barken  line iVi 

North  I'aeitic.  steamer IKit,  4i-j 

North  I»aci1tcTraiisi>ortationCo,  .1511. 1.17.  17m. -Jc,' 

North  Star,  iirit.'  |«7 

North  Star,  brijr.  wn-ck     ;i.M 

Northern  Chief.  steani'T :nVi 

.Nortliern  r'.ai-'le,  ship.  iHirned \m 

Northern  Li^'ht.  scliooiier.  wreck  Intl 

Northerner,  steamship ;i 

"     wrecit 115 

Ncu'tliwest.  steamer  '£*i 

Northwest,  steamer   :itW 

Northwi'st  ,\merica.  schooner | 

Norih western  Steamship i'ompany  lit 

Norton.  < 'apt.  Mark ' -^'ik 

Norton,  l^apt.  /.  C -ii 


PAtiK 
Norway,  schooner  wreck A'Hi 

NnVellv.  im.'   ;«l 

Noveliv.  sch.M.ner 330 

Noyes.  Capl.  Cyrus  M HW 

Novo,  schooner,  wreck Ifll 

Nujft'nt.  r'apt.  JameH 'Jini 

().  ^t  C,  1(.  K,  No   ■,'.  steanuT "JHlt 

(>.  ({..steamer .'«« 

Oak  Mill.  Itark  Irt5 

Oakland,  hark UVt 

Oheron.  bark 31W 

irMrlen.f'apl.  John  A 4iilt 

o-Ci.in.  ship H 

Occiilent.  bark  IH7 

•■     wreck IHH 

Oceidenl.  steamer 231 

Occident,  steamer 375 

Occident,  steamer ;«t 

Occident,  steamer :««! 

Ocean  llelle.  sclhMiner i:t5 

Ocean  Mird.  hark *JI,  4H.  7(1 

•'    wreck Km 

Oceun  Kim.',  ship,  wreck ."Wi 

Ocean  Spray,  tiark 1115 

Ocean  Spray,  selnMHuT 'J  15 

Ocean  Wave,  steamer  ;tH7 

Oceania  \'ance.  sclioouer IW 

Ockiahama.  sieamer -'.■ft' 

0)-tavla.  steamer ."t^M 

Octavo,  steamer ;t4rt 

Odel.  Isaac 158 

Odin.  Capt.  Frank  'ii* 

Odin.  Capt.  C.eorKe ail» 

OI1l<-erso]i  middleaiul  upt^fTt-ulumbla  Kiver  ^^iii 

O'Hara.  Charles vIH-J 

Ohio,  steamer  'iVi 

Okatio^'au.  steamer imi.  1(i7 

Okanogan,  steauier Xtii 

Old  Seltler.  sieamer vtW 

O'Learv.Capt.  William 4*-»K 

Oliva  Schult/e,  schiMiner,  wreck '-'NI 

Oliver  Coutts,  bark,  wreck 1711 

Oliver.  Capt.  J.   \. ..    173 

Oliver.  Joseph  M 4lf.J 

Oliver  Wolcoll.  V.  S.  revenue  culler. •JIM 

OIney,  Capt.  Hiram  J ;W( 

OInev.Capt.  Kane   '£vi 

Olsen.  Capl.  Chris  3lrt 

Olsen.  Capt.  John  M .'(55 

oivmpla.  sieamer .   17l,*Jtll 

Olympian,  steamer 3ltl.  3|tl.  .*W5 

oivmpns.  ship -^71 

"     huriu'd v1«» 

(tnn-ya,  harkeiiline 414 

Ona.  steam  sclnHmer '-115 

"    wreck 313 

O'Neal,  J.  A .*«U 

Oneatta.  steamer -JiH 

o'Neil.  Itaniel -At 

O  Neil.  Michael IM 

Onecuita,  steann-r 115,  iKl 

Ontario.  C  S.  shmp  of -war I'J 

Ontario.  scIumuut.  wreck ■,*;*t 

Onward, bark  1115.  I  Til 

■'    w  reck   "Jlrt 

Onward,  schooner 4',*7 

"     sei/uH'  4--»H 

Onward,  steamer 7H 

Onward,  steamer  PHI.  -JlH 

Onward.  Mritisli  steamer  I4(i 

Oracle,  ship 7ll 

orl)it.  brit-' 25,58 

( ireiron.  schooner ai 

Orei-'ou.  steamer ,'17 

Orei:ou.  steamship (H),  I7H 

Oreuon.  steamship -.'tlH 

■•    Clan  McKeii/ie  collision    ;17:1 

Oreiron  Sti-amsiiip  Companv ISWi.  iM 

Oreu'tui  .V  Calitiunia  Hailroad  1H7 

Orei-'oii  \  California  Packet  Line *17 

Ore^'ou  \  Montana  TransportaiiouCompiinv  145 
Ore;:<in  Railway  \  Nu\  i;.'alinn  C(im|>aiiy  .-.W.  •,'K4 

Oregon  Shipliuitdiri;,' Company ','15 

tb-eirnn  Steam  Na\ii:atiou  Company  ..IHI.  Iim,  171 
Ore^'oiiian.  scluHiuer  IIW 

"     wreck AW 

Orii'Ul.  brlK ItVl 

Orient,  steamer •£i\ 

"     burned 4551 

Oriental,  hriir ;fit 

(h-lenial  Steamship  Liiu'    I'Ji 

Orillanune.  steamship Init 

Orilo,  steamer :*I5 

Orioh'.bark.  wreck 4lt 

Ori/atia.  steamship tin.  137.  iM,  2K1 

Ork.  bark       37,  HI.  77.  Ill3 

Orpheus,  ship,  wreck -^^7 

Ortolan,  schooner .'W,  tM» 

Oscar  and  Hat  tie,  schooner 432 

"     seizure     441 

Osi la.  sclioouer 7it 

Osmvu.  hark 17M 

■•     wreck 2m 

Osprey.  schoimer 7n 

Oswei:o.  sieauu-r ;«ih 

O!ai:o.  harU.  wreck.   —  :»Ml 

otter,  ship It 

Otter.  Mudst Ill's  May  Cmnpanv  sieamer Ml 

oit.T.  Willameite  Ulver  steamer 215.  •£» 

"     wreck   :iK\ 

t)t  to,  schooner    437 

Owen   Capt.  W.  !» 4112 

Owyhee,  hnn 13 

Owyliei'.  steamer 121 


P.  M.  Weare.  steamer. 
P   W    W  .  steauar 


.'flttl 


xviii 


i»A';k 
Pucitlo,  Hohoonor \A'i.  IM 

"    wri'i^k '■i'^i 

Pufltlo,  Nl.'unishlp th>,  nil 

"    wpt'i'k '-WS 

l*urltliT  CuiiHt  Hti'umHliip  Cumniiuy ^M 

Purlrii'  Sli)i)i'.  NtiunuT W^ 

PiilfHttue,  Hlilp,  wreck 3W 

I'uloN,  briK,  wreck Ml 

PiilniUH,  HtruniHhlu -H*-*! 

Pulimttto,  burk HW.  14U 

Funiphlft,  Cupt.  Thniuus i^* 

Hunuiim.  Hti'tnuHlilp W 

Puudom.  H.M.S 'M.ti 

PumioniH,  wcbwmi^r 'A'I7 

Piinttm.  I'upt .  Jobn :*13 

l*tuillH'r.  ship,  wreck "' 

Pup*'.  Ht'iiry 5W*1 

ParuUi'l,  Hrb(H)Our I*W 

"    wrt-ck itfil 

Piiriiuii.  Diivlil Hift 

Parker,  lupl.  (J.  H '-.•13 

Parker,  dipt.  HerlKTt 'V*7 

PurkiT.  Capl.  .1.  (J W 

PurkurnburK.  sehtMrner 1*1 1 

I'urthiu.  HteaniHlilp '^i-^ 

PUHNUtC,  81'hoouor ■ ••*' 

Piiterson.  Jobu '-f?! 

Putbtlmior.  brig '^^^ 

Pttthlluder,  sehuouer -ft'-'l 

Putblluiler.  Huhiwner ■*<** 

"    seizure 434,  U-i 

Piitou,  Vupl.  CieorK« 'J"l 

Patterson.  F   W SHI 

Patterson,  ('apt.  James  (* 317 

Pultersou,  t^apt.  Willlaui *W 

Puttersnu.  *'»pt.  \V.  H '^^ 

Puxton.  C'apl.  Henry ^^^ 

Peui'oek.  rnited  States  nlutip,  wreck lit 

Pearee,  TImmas U'3 

Pearle.  ship 1 1 

Pearle,  sleamer -tW 

IV'UKe,  ('apt.  Archie  L 'Sri 

Pease,  L'apt.  (.Jeorge *-!7 

Pedlar,  briK V-i 

Peerless,  steamer '-iT".  -"W** 

Peerless,  schixiiier ■  *-'•^• 

Pelican,  steamship IW^ 

Pelicauo.  ship,  wreck A'*' 

Penelope,  schiwuer ■**) 

Peuhallow,  ('apt.  L).  H.  P "-Wl 

Penticlon.  steamer 3*7 

Pettple's  Pnitective  'I'ransimrtation  Co i*0* 

People's  Line.  Columbia  Ulver  steamers —   inT 

People's  Steam  NiiviKation  Compauy M-i'l 

People's  TrunsiMirlatlon  Compiwiy H*** 

People's  Transpt)rtatloQ  Company '^Kt 

I'ereKrlne,  schiHJuer 4H 

Perez.  Juan 3 

Perils  or  seal  buntiuK 4hi.  4,'>;i 

PeriMUua,  l)ritf bWl 

'•    wreck '-iM 

PerriuK.  N.  (J :>14 

Perry.  J.  V.  U :«»;i 

I'ersevere.  brig 'W 

"    wreck I"5 

Pet rie,  Charles :iM 

Petonia,  steamer 44 

PeytoDia.  steamship 44.  4,=i.  W 

Pfeil,  lirij:.  wreck IHii 

Phantom,  schooner,  wreck TH 

Pbatitora,  steamer 174.  lH:.*.  .'K« 

Phil  Sheriihin.  sdujouer.  wreck  :.fV4 

Phd'be  Fay.  schooner,  wreck 314 

Phra  Nan^',  steamship 4iW 

Pieilmnnl.  Iirij,'antine iH 

I»io  Hcnito.  .schooner •«».  vvn 

[*lon<'er.  sehiKiner 3^'.^.  t"Jrt 

Pioneer,  sleamer. I"i*>.  1"-^* 

Pioneer,  t  ujf -Afi,  :t»tl 

Pillsbury.  Capt.  A.  I* H>4 

I'ilot ,  t UK '-*^".  i^'i, ;«» 

Pilot's  Uride,  sloop,  wreck :.»lin 

Pilot  IJoal  No.  7 4i« 

Planter,  barkentine ."{.'W 

Planter,  sleamer 3i'7 

Planter,  steamer 3lo 

Plaskett.P.  I.. 3I--* 

F*liMailes.  schooner 3'J 

Plumper.  H.  M.  H H7 

I'oiDt  Arena,  sleamer JftH 

Point  Loma.  steausliip   .'t5ti 

J*olar  Hear,  sleamer X^ 

Polaris,  steamer .'Wi 

I'olemaun,  ('apt.  K "Jit* 

INilitkofskv,  steamer IftO  HH 

Polly,  ship  in 

Pomare,  bark,  wreck 3lf> 

IVmtiac,  schooner   Hi» 

l»ope.  Capt.  Charles  W 117 

I»ope.  Cupl.  \V.  H :WSI 

Porpoise,  schooner I7rt 

Port  AuKusla,  steamship .'tl3 

Port  Cordon,  ship,  wreck 373 

Port  Suisuu.  steamship ;*f7 

Port  Victor,  steamship 343 

Porter.  T.A ■Jrt7 

Portland,  barkeutiue am 

Portland,  steamer 44 

"    wreck rt7 

[*ortland,  steamer •■.^'^;^ 

Portland,  steamship .'W7 

Portland  No.  1.  steamer VMS 

Portland  &  Coast  Steamsbip('ompany .'147 

Portlanil  Tuj.'  Ciimpany !W.i 

Porthck.  Capt.  Nathaniel 3 

Portsmoulh.  U.H.  slmtp :.M 

Potomac,  brijr Mt 

Potter,  schooner !(»,  I7K 

Powers,  Kdward  J .'tVi 

l*remier,  schooDer  *J4ri 

"    wreck 'AH 


INDBX 


PAUK 

Premier,  Nteiimur HM 

•■    coliiHifin  4ifi 

PrevoHl.  Admiral  James tV4 

Prico,  Cant.  Frank 'An\ 

Prince  Alfred,  sleamer I'-*' 

Prince  Alfred,  steamship U'H 

"    wreck  t»i 

Prince  Le  IJ«ki.  brlK ^\ 

Prince  of  Wales,  ship  I 

Prince  of  Wales,  sleamer I'Ji),  IIV> 

Princesu,  Spanish  bri^ 7 

Prlucess,  steamer 3511 

Princess  Ijouise.  steamer v'7l 

Pritu'ess  Louise.  Jr.,  steamer it7l 

Princess  Iteal.  Hpuiilsh  briK rt 

Princess  Itoyul.  shin 1 

Princess  Uoyal,  bark 77 

Print er,  U\n.  ;«tt 

Projfn-ss.  steamer JKH* 

Proifressist.  turret  HluuniMblp  4!W 

ProsiM'ct.  steamer  f*Ki 

Prosper.  scluMiner '.W 

Pu^el  Sound  A:  Alaska  SleamshlpCo .'HVl 

PuKet    Hounil    and    Hrillsh    Columbia    coal 

and  lumber  Meet.  IHM 4M 

PuKct  Soumrs  llrst  arnhx  car^o. ii4ti 

"    ((rain  tleet,  IMW M* 

"    K'rain  Meet.  IHtO :Wl 

"     Inspecilon  District  ht3 

"    lumber  lieel.  IH77  dM 

■•    lumber  fleet,  IHHi) :*MI 

'■     lumlHT  Meet,  IKK) IWI 

"    lumber  fleet.  IHiiS 41b 

'■    marine  business.  l«f,» ;«W,  .S»7,  :WH 

"    sti'iiniers  and  nnites.  lK7rt :|44 

Puj.'1't  Sound  Steam  N'avitfathm  Company  ..   Ili3 

Pu^et  Somid  Transport al  ion  Company 343 

Pu^et  SiHuid  Tujfboal  Company ;W5 

Puritan,  steamer 347 

Puritan,  schixiuer IVA* 

'<    seizure 4411 

(iuaddy  Mi-lle.  lirltf «l> 

(Quadra.  llmleKa    3 

tiuadra.  steamship.... «W 

(iuiulratus.  briff .*t7 

(jueen.  steamer 4tK 

"    iMiiter  explosion  4*Jtl 

Queen,  steamer 4UI 

(^ueen  Charlotte,  ship 3 

(iueeiiCity.  1ii»; ;««( 

(iueen of  the  Hay,  steamer,  wreck X** 

Queen  of  the  Jsle.sclKKmer tW 

(Jueen  of  the  Pacitlc,  steamship cm.  315 

(Juenell.  Ktlward Vitt 

(iuickslep,  barkentine 345 

(Quickstep,  steamer -ft-,',  ;«I7 

(iuimper.  Capt.  Manuel ri 

(iuinaut.  steamer :V15 

(iuinia,  steamship 3K1 

U.  Miler,  steamer ;t«' 

U.  Passenj,'er,  bark liH 

H.  H.  Pot  ter.  schiMmer hi 

H.  C.  Youn^^  steamer 4(i«i 

U.  K.  Ham.  tmrk.  wri'ck 4'Ji 

U.  P.  Klniori'.  steamer ;MI 

U.  P,  Hi  I  bet.  sleamer ■JSI7 

II.  K.  Thompson,  sit-anier 357.  3if,' 

Itaulie,  Capt.  (iettr^o isi 

Kaldinni.  tiiK  13H,  147 

Haccoon,  Hrltish  shMip-of  war 13 

UaeUliff.  Capt.  Wtlilam  K lii 

HainlMiw.  steamer ;«4.  ;i44 

Kalnier.  bark Irt7 

Rainier,  steamer \W 

Hainier.  stfiniier 34ti 

Kalph  .1.  Loll^^  schooner ;iili 

Kanibler.  schtMmer 5H 

"    wreck  Wt 

Itamona.  steamer 4iiii 

Kamsey.  Capl.  James |73 

Uaudall. Capt.  Samuel  H ;V>7 

HaU'lolph.  Capt.  Simon :tlt7 

Itandolph.  Capt.  T.  H ;*i7 

Hanger.  luj: —  3*5 

Kant'er.  sleamer 73 

Uan^^'er.  steami'r 14(1 

"     burned   17tl 

Uanj-'er  No.  3.  sieanuT 74 

UapiaTniusii.  sleamer  "Wli 

Uaihbone.(;apt.  K.J 3H5 

Rattler,  steamer .lit.  .'Wi 

Rebecca.  sclUK)n(T 115 

Rebecca,  ship HW 

Rebecca  ('..  steamer ;iW 

Recovery.  briK 41 

Recovery,  schtKiuer 58 

Red  Jacket,  steamer 3:H 

Reil  Star,  steamer Ml  mi,  433 

Reed.  Capt.  CJranville IH7 

Reed,  Huns 3IM 

Reed.Capt.  J.  C .  3.'i5 

Reed,  Capl.  James  M.  4U 

Reeves.  S.C 'ii 

HeKulator,  steamer 3H7 

Reichmann,  Capt.  (Justav 3rt7 

Reimleer,  bark,  wreck  43il 

Reindeer,  bri^ 37 

Reindeer,  schiMiuer 5H 

Reliance,  steamer. Ill 

Rella;iee.  steamer l'.iH 

Reliance,  steamer 344 

Relic,  steamer 3hH 

Relief,  steamer 75 

Remus,  steamship 37U 

Rentou,  William Ifiln 

Reporter  >^    ..tHJuer Hi) 


I'AiiK 

Ke|iorler.  Nehnonor iMA 

Republic,  steamship M 

Rescue,  steamer I;n,  IJM 

Itesi'iii',  steamer 37ft 

Rescue.  sclXHiner SWS 

Restdnte.  Pu^el  Sound  steamer 71 

■'     iNdler  explosion IW 

R.'Hohite.  Willamette  RIvetMleumer IHft 

■'     iMiller  explosion  419 

Resolute.  inK JM6 

KeslleMs.  selKHmer  .   .... MM 

Rest  less,  sleamer iBM 

Reslless,  sleamer  3IH 

Restless,  slei-mer  tWi 

Retriever,  bark HW 

Retriever,  barkentine  KHH 

Revere.  Iiark IH5 

■'     wn-ck 314 

Revolutlcm.ship 3 

Reynohls,  Capl.  K.tlwanl  II H7 

Ri>vnotds,  Capl.  (ii><ir^'e ititi 

Rtchiird  Holyoke.  tuK 3M 

Richard  Rush,  l',  S    revenue  cutler 3311 

Rlchanlson.Cupt,  Charh's 314 

Rlcli.;rdson.  Robert    .Hft 

Ricka  lis.  Albert 33H 

RIdille.  Capl.  Alex  C !M3 

Rival,  bark lift,  Ifl5 

"    wreck 3HU 

Rival,  steamer W.  .%ft 

Rip  Van  Winkle,  steamer 353,  3HH 

Roanoke,  brlw.  wreck 411 

Rob  Roy.  shin 14 

Robert  and  Minnie.  sclHHiuer   34ft 

Robert  Ifciwen.  brij.' :« 

Robert  Hurton,  ship 4H 

Robert  Cowan.  briK 1*13 

Robert  Unnsmuir.  steamer 3lift.  .153 

Robert  (i.  Intfersoli.  steamer :«>H 

Roberl  Lewers.  schixmer .%H* 

Robert  Lowe,  steamship 13l> 

Roberl  Lincoln,  steamer 3K7 

RolMTt  Searles,  sclnHUjer .'W 

Robert  Sudden,  Imrkentintt 3111 

Roberts.  Capt.  (Jeortre iiU 

RolMTis,  Capt.  John 4117 

Roberts.  Cupt.  Manli'y .StW 

Robertson.  Capt.  James ;ilft 

Robertson.  Capt.  <ieorK«*  W :«! 

Roberlson,  John 173 

Roblnsim.  Capl.  Davitl IM 

Robinson.  Richards :fit7 

R<Mlj:ers,  r.  S,  sleamer.  burned 3l<il 

RiM'der.  Capl.  Henry M 

Rotrers.  Capt.  N.  L 174 

Rtiners.  Capt.  William »B 

Rosa,  steamer 35H 

Rosalind.  scho4)ner 310 

"    wreck .'WI 

llosiiUe,  steamer 414 

Rosalie,  bark,  wreck IW 

Rosaiihia.  schooner Hii 

RoM'.  steanitT 3111) 

Rose,  steamer IHI 

Rose.  Menjamtn  V IKI 

Rose  Newman.  schiHHier 1311 

Rose  Perry.  scluMMU'r,  wreck 3113 

Rose  of  LaiiKley.  scluxmer.  wreck INI 

Rosetta.  steamer 3ft3 

Rosie  (Msen.  steamer    XHi 

Rosie  Olsen.  schiK)n<'r.  wreck 4.i3 

Roswell  Spra^ue,  bark.  burne<l ;«I3 

Rover,  ship » 

Rowena.  steamer .S3I» 

Royal  Charlie,  sehoimer H8 


Royal  City,  sleamer.. . 
Rubicon,  schoorn-r  . ... 

Rviby.  st<'amer 

Rlldlln.  Cai>t.  CeorKC. 

Rush,  steamer 

Rustlt-r,  steamer 

Rustler,  steamer 

Rustler,  steamer  . 


141 

3;n 

MM 

ttui 

1311 
31'4 

:tw 

AiH 


Rvisller.  sclHHiner 311 

"     wreck ;«ill,  4:*! 

Ryder,  Capl.  Cyrus ;)l(I 


S.  (i.  Reed,  steamer 

S.  li.  WUtler.  barkentine.   . 

S.  H.  Merrill,  sclmoner 

S.  L.  Masiick.  tuir 

S.  N.  Castle,  barkentine  . . . 

S.  R.  Jackson,  brijf 

S.  S.  Hailey.  scluH»ni'r 

S.  T.  Church,  steamer 

Sablna,  schiMUier 

Subiua,  sclHMiner,  wreck  ... 
Sabistou,  Capl.  J(»hu.     .... 

Sttbiston,  Capl.  Johu,  Jr 

Sadie  Turpel.  schminer.  . . . 

Sailing  licet,  IHKi 

Sail(»r  Moy.  sch<*oner 

Sakana.  steamer 

Sahimander.  H.  M.  8 

Salem,  sleamer 

Salem,  steamer 

Salisbury,  ship,  wn'ck 

Sally  Hrowu,  bark 

Salmond,  Capl.  Colin 

Sam,  sleamer 

Sam  Merrill,  bark 

Samosei.  ship 

Samosei.  iiark 

Sampson.  H.  .M.  S 

Sampson,  bark  

Samuel  Roberts,  schooner  . 
San  Carlos.  Spanish  briK  ■• 

San  DicKo.  sclntoner 

San  Jose,  scliuouer 


35H 

:hii 

I7H 
.  3111 

:»i 


1117 

.  3:> 

34 
34»1 
4(1 

:t3ft 

4,SH 
3111 
311 

.  3lt5 

31 

374 

,  3H7 

,  IVAt 

1H7 

;«Ki 

,  ItW 
.  llVi 
,  33(1 

\M 

.    :« 


437 

.  4dN 


'I 


INDEX 


I'ACIK 
..  lUA 

...  la 
im,  \m 

....  sm 
...  «» 

....  71 
....   IIW 

. ...  im 
....  «« 

....  .SM 

....  IIM 

....  «H 

....  XtH 

....  .<«W 

....  iin 
....  ftm 
....  ii» 
....  an 
.  .  .  .  .1 
....  «; 

....   !tl!> 

....  aM 
....  xti 

....  .HH 
....  .•«« 
. . .  XW 
....  •»« 

iia,  im 

....  -im 

.  9i.  »M 

....  4V 
....  M 
...     -.MS 

....    :« 

....      4K 

....  Itt« 

.IK.  .IM 

....  am 
....  :«i 
....  lai 

....  -JKl 
...  .'HI 
....  !«« 

....  .tu 
....  *rr 
...  am 
...  .«.'> 
....  ;e>i 
....  IN 
....  IM 
....  !W 

Ml 

...  M 
....  174 
....     IB 

SOU 

.Sill 

:«i 

4U 

IWI 

nil 

-JKl 

mi 

nil 

lai 

aw 

Ml 

'.'.'.'.'.  xa 
J.Vi 

.'.'.'..'  V 

XII 

HI* 

U4 

sn 

KM 

IWI 

lai 

:«i 

■.1'4 

'.'.'.'.'.  MH 

.Sll 

.  xai.  4:ti 
.  ...  ;«ii 

iw 

.-1411 

. . .    i?ti 

Inl.  Hill 

rai 

4» 

1117 

aft 

{1 

^411 

411 

:»'> 

....  tax 
....   :iiii 

Sll 

-AHi 

-Jl 

■.'74 

in 

:\M 

1117 

»I5 

avj 

..101.  IIW 


I 


PAON 

Siiii  .luiiu.  HlfiinitT .tlH.  .Wt 

Siiii  .luiiu  iliNputr. H* 

Hull  Mitlt'o.  Hti-tiinHhl|) XVA 

Sun  INnlm.  Hi(  -iiiiHlilp.  wrtiok 31'.*l 

Hun  Htilviiilor.  NftuMiinT    v' 

Hiiiilmrn.  rupt.  I.  H «W 

Sanlii  Auiiit.  Itrlif '-i 

Hiintii  Ctxu.  Hti-unmhlp 0U,  l«i> 

Huutu  ItoNti,  Hi'hcMiui-r     3f7'-f 

Huuttiitfo.  HpttulNti  iruoNport    •! 

Hniitlutf".  Hi-hiM)i)(«r 7i> 

Hupphlrr.  Mi-hiMiucr 4IW.  4JH 

Hiiruh.  Inirk.  wrt'cU SM 

Hit  nth  IHxnil,  Niritnicr    -UK) 

Siinih  Ilii.vl,  Hti'iinirr M 

Hiiritli  I<nutN«>,  NchiMtiH'r IM,  ITU 

Hiinth  M.  Ut'iitDU.  Mti'itiiirr ^M 

Humh  Ni'wtim.  sflHMmiT 101 

.Huruh  Hioui'.  HhMip ■*'* 

Hunih  Witrrru.  Imrk  ■*?> 

Hitninm*.  I'.  H.  Htt'iimiT    llin 

■  ■    w  ri*i-k ifcfl' 

Htirttuiio.  Htt-iinx'r '-mt 

Hiinllnlu.  Hlitp Ii« 

Htirdonvx,  Hti'umHhIp mm.  n-JU.  .1 M 

■•    wri'fk   .>l 

Hitli'lllH'.  II.  M.  H »M.H7 

Hiitflliti',  KtiMtnitT •■flU 

HittsuU.  striinuT ......   I-I7 

Situcy  Liis.-*.  >«cl»KHii'r MO* 

Huvitiiiiuh.  r   H.  friuatf *.*■ 

Hiivoiiit,  lutrk.  HT'-ck -SHI 

SuwvtT.  Ciipt.  (■   H Xti 

Huwvrr,  Cupi.  ChurlcH «rt 

Scitrf.  Cupl Osfitr 4Xi 

HohmUU.  AuKUHl .131 

SnUhtiul.  hurk  IM,  176.  i*W 

"     wreck , . , 'it! 

Hnitt.Jnlin  II iX\ 

Hcfid,  I*rrrv iS« 

Hcolt.Citpl.  r.  H tfll 

Hi'olt.  WiiUiT  I).  .  at7 

Hcott.l'iipl.  William 'iST 

Sea  nirtl.  slruim-r (W,  (H.  71 

■•    wn'ck         Ti 

S*'U  Fnuin.  Htcanicr,  wreck I7l> 

Hi'uCull.  stt-arnHhlp .Trt 

"    wreck « 

Hca  (lull.  HchfKimT.  wreck -1.17 

Sea  T.ioii.  tiiK Xi7 

Si'a  Lion,  schwmer 4Xt 

"     seizure  4411 

Hen  N'.vniph.  brig Wi 

Sea  oner.  hrlR 3 

'■    wreck 11 

Sea  Hiiniier.  hark,  wreck 4\'A 

Sea  Waif,  brlif   Wl 

Sea  Wfteli.  sclxxmer -^hm 

Heahury. » 'apt.  W.  H iXt 

Heal.  Mteaiiier .Til 

SenlhiK  Mei-t,IHHI  .   4-,»7 

•  ■     iHSii jij? 

■■      IHKf «T 

"      IMK4 4*t< 

"      IHKi 4'> 

"      IW« 4»l 

"      IKH7 4.*« 

'•      IHHH 4X\ 

■■      \m* 4:^1 

"   iHiNi  r.U} 

St'ulhiwealeh.  IWH 4.17 

*•     IHihJ 43M 

"     !W:i 441,44'.i 

'■     IW4 44.i.  Hti.  44.-* 

"     IWft 44lt 

HealInt,'.  cimuneiicement  of 4-^5 

Heaifnt' retrulailnns.  I«i4 411 

Healing  sehttiMiers  names  chantied    4;« 

Si-alliit;  schiHiners  oti  .lapiin  Coast   4.'il 

Sealhiir  selUMniers  seized.  Ikh; -i;«l 

•■     IWf-'    44)» 

Sea  .Serpent.  setiiMmer ,'t7 

Seusttte.  KteaiiiiT  .   HW 

Seatnn,  steamer   19) 

Seaton.  ('apt.  A.  N 44H 

Seattle,  steamer '^H.  -jkh 

Seatlh>  Dryilnek  &  Slilplmililln^  Companv.     4tK» 
Seattle  Steam  N'uvtKatlou&Traus)K)rlatJ<iu 

<  'ompauv .*t74 

Seattle  .t  Taenina  NnvlKnthm  Omipauy..  .  ;Wfi 

Heennil  ln^.'  raft 41ii 

•Sella Ma.  steamer 'Jn7 

'■     Inirne.l at-' 

Sehonie.  sieumer ;*V4 

SeMen.  ( "apt.  J.  W ...     Ki 

.Senator,  bark Ml 

Senator,  sieamer  HW,  1*W 

'•     iMiiler  explosion  jftW 

Henuior.  steamer '^rt 

Seualnr.  steamer :i7rt 

Henortta.  steamer W.  ttt 

StHjuln.  brfjf •£i 

Serena  Tliaver.  schooner ar,' 

Sewell.  ,Inhn  K mt 

Seymour,  ("apt.  (JotlTrey iHTi 

Seymour,  ("apt.  W.  I* ;ft(H 

Shark.  l*ntte(|  .states  sclHMuier.  wreck    .   ..      ■?•,» 

Shuver.  4 'apt.  (leorj-'e  M 4IKI 

Shaver,  (.'apt.. lames  W. ywi 

Sheet  Anchor,  bri^' HM.  IBH 

Shelby,  steamer 414 

Shelby,  schooner,  seizure 4fitf 

SheleUotT.  bri»r w: 

Shenandoah,  rnnredernte  privateer 141 

Shephr-nl    Alfred ]h-i 

Siiepherd.  I-Yed  S :s»4 

Sherman,  Cupt.  Fred :4V» 

Shields,  ('apt.  K.  (' 44H 

Shields,  ('apt.  William 44;» 

Shoalwuter.  steamer .17 

Shoulwaler  Hay  slmips,  1H75 SIX 


PAflR 

Shoo  Fly,  steaMier IW 

HhiHi  FIv.  steamer    i»MH,  .Wl 

HhiHillUK  Slur,  HchtKtner U4,  175 

HhoollnK  Star,  ship IM 

Short,  r'lipt.  Shemiuii  V tfia 

Hhorl.  Mllei* «« 

Hhori.fapt.  W.  I* XVi 

Hhoshnne.  HlHiiiner I4ft,  (((l. '-ill 

Hhubrick,  Fnlled  StulCH  sieumer,  W.  111.  iJtt7,  XtJ 

Sldl,  brlK.  wreck •■fid 

Sierra  Nevada,  Mteiim»thlp W,  IU» 

■■     wreck IWl 

HIerra  Nevada,  bark,  wreck SH* 

HIeward,  (apt.  II.  F 4.'W 

Hl(:iial.  steam  sctioimer IMA 

SlmiuiS4>i).  I'apt.  H ^1 

HImpNoh.  (apt,  AM 17rt 

HimpNon.Capt.  William AM 

Hinclalr.  ('apt.  Clarence  W .Iirt 

Sir  .lames  IIoukIus.  steamer l.'&i 

.^ir.lamsetjee  Family,  bark,  wn-ck ."Md 

Skagit,  steamer   .•»>« 

SkuKlI,  barkentim' 'M\ 

HkaKltChli-f.  steamer »W 

Hkedadtlle.  steamer   Hfl' 

Hkldegate.  steamer 171,  .'W 

Skinner.  Thomas .tit 

Hkipunnn.  Kch(M)ner '.'I 

SktHikuni.  steamer ■1'" 

Hkiizzy.  steamer        ***l'T 

Smith.  Capt.  Frank IT4 

Smith.  Ciipt    II,  H.  (? 4IN 

Smith.  Ilenrv 'i:** 

Smith,  Capt,  Henry iwi 

Smith,  Capl.I ...rim 

Smith.  Capt.  J.  L *4 

Smith.  Keulieii 'iH 

Smith,  Capt.  H.  K HW 

.Smith. T.V '^7 

Smith.  Thomas -JH 

SniMiualmli .  steamer .175 

Smiw.Capt.  WlllisC •Jtt' 

Sn.vder,  K,  A   ,  VHrt 

Siivder.,I.A .'W,' 

Snyder.  Capt.  Levi 'JUt 

Sol.  Thomas,  tug.  iMtilerexploHloii    :tW 

SoUde,  French  ship « 

Soniiiss.  whip l'J(t 

S<inora,  lruns|>orl •'! 

Sophia.  briK -ti.  .'W 

Sojihla.  steamer .1*i 

Sophia,  steamer  .'MH 

Sophia  Sutherland,  scbouner »W 

South  Ueiid,  steamer aW 

Souiliernrr,  steamship,  wreck 53 

SoutlHTii  Chief.  Iiark.  wreck 4IH 

.Spallanuicheen.  steamer iWl,  .**«» 

Sparniw.  schixmer.  wreck  'i^t 

Sparrow  Hawk.  H.  M.S.  -Jiii 

Spauldliig,  Capt.  A.  I» 373 

Spencer,  Capt.  Kruust  W il'i 

SiH-rry.  Charles .33rt 

Spinner,  ('apt.  Charlf>s '.BWl 

Spinster,  steamer 4iw 

Spitfire,  steamer :VCi 

SiKikaiie.  schiKHier .'Wi 

Simkane.  Kootenai  Luke  steamer 3sh 

*■     burned 4'.!l 

StMikune.  sieaiiier 'i^i 

Spokane,  steamiT X\n 

"    wreck Xt\ 

SpruKue.  Capt.  Clarke  W vli'J 

Sprat t.  Joseph lUYi 

Spratt's  .\rk.  steamer :«ii'> 

Spray.  scIhmhut is 

Spriiv.  steamer Iii7 

Sprlnj.'.  Cupl.  William 14.1.  4A-> 

Spring.  Charles \'ih 

Spronle.  Capt,  A,  M 'i**' 

Spy.  H,  M.  S -Jl 

SiiuaU.  steamer XK.  .I*?"-' 

St.cialri' MtV  l(« 

St,  Churles,  snip,  wreck  I'« 

St.  tieorge,  schooner,  wreck '-I'l 

St.  .loseph.  Spanifh  brig 7 

SI,  l^iiwieiice.  si'lUMiner MV 

St.  Michael,  steamer SiTll,  IfiW 

St,  Nicholas.  Ru.sslau  ship rt-,» 

St.  Paul,  steamship -'♦vw.  •-•K4.  Xi\ 

St.  Patrick,  steamer -M.V  -HI 

St,  Hoc.  Cape 3 

St.  Stephens,  ship,  wreck  3ln 

Stalker.  Capt,  Hugh fJH 

StaiHlanl.  steamer 37T 

"     wreck 4IM 

Stanh-v..!.  C 173 

Staples.  Capt,  (JeorgP  W Ii«i 

Staph's.  (apt.  M,  1> -iM 

Star  of  Oregon.  schoonf*r 'Ht 

Slar  IJue  of  sailing  vi'ssels aw 

Starling,  schooner 'Jrt 

Starling.  H.  M.  S 14 

State  of  California,  steamship '^57.  ■Jrt7 

Stiiteof  Idaho. steamer 4i«i 

State  of  S4aiora,  scluHmer v'Tv 

Stale  of  Washluglim,  si^ana-r    :«W 

Steadfast,  steamer At" 

Steele,  William  A. I.'Rt 

Steffen.  .lohn  F -^15 

Sii'Ha.  sieami-r  .IVI 

Stephens.  David \M 

Stephenson,  David ;j;i"> 

Stetson.  Capt.  A.  F ,   XU 

Stevens.  Capt.  M.  F Xm 

.Stevens,  Capt,  Irving m* 

Stevens.  W.  J *J1« 

Still,  h^dwin -JUT 

Strang.  Capt,  James W 

Sirathalrly,  steamship 3iii 

Slrathhlaiie.  skip •,'rt:i 

"    wrt'ck :fti  1 


PAOB 

Straun.  ship,  wreck »•« 

Struve.Capt,  Harry Sftl 

Stump. ('apt   JohnF *» 

Stump,  Capt.  Thomaii Hff 

StH-cess.  hurk iJft. -Kt 

Success,  sieumer  HM 

Success,  steamer  *fc' 

Hue/,  sti'umshlp >■► 

Sullivan.  Cant.  Kdwurd  IIM 

Hulphur.  H.  M,  S 14 

Sullan,  ship    ,..     Itf 

Sumatra.  Imrk  H 

Summervllle,  William 'i7\ 

Hnnnv  South.  schiMmer 14-* 

Sunshine.  sclHMmer.  wreck *i« 

Surprise,  schooner 1*.'!,  l'-*n 

Surtirise.  steamer WH 

Surprise,  steamer W 

Surprise,  steamship Ti 

Susan  Ahigul.  brig 47,  «>.  \Vi 

Susan  Sturgts.  sclusmer 3li.  41 

Susii'.  steamer '■.*7ii 

"     Uiiler  exphislon .'Wt 

Sussex.  Hteitmship .17\t 

Sutil.  Spanish  trunsport 7 

Sui Ion.  Samuel  .     37ti 

Suwannee,  r.  S,  steuimT.  wreck IW 

Swain.  Walter :W> 

Swallow,  steamer Irti 

Swan,  steamer ..   tW 

Swan,  steamer IW 

Swan, steamer 81*7 

Swan,  steamer MW 

Swan,  steamer Ml 

Swan,  (iisirge  <> 'iht 

Hweenev.  .Samuel H7 

Hweel.  Hiram  S. ."MH 

Sweli/er.  Capt,  Chris M 

Swlfi.Capi.  K.  A W7 

Swift,  Capt   J    H 18H 

Swiss  Ifciv,  brig 7it 

Swordtlsh.  ship,  wreck 'JSrt 

Sylvia  de  (Jrasse.  ship,  wreck 'Ji 

T.  J.  Potli-r.  steamer . . .  ;iVl,  37fl 

T,  L   Nicklln.  Nieam<T '.Hi 

T,  M.  Hlchanlson.  steamer :45!> 

T.  W.  Lucas,  brig Irtrt 

"    wreck 410 

Ta  I,ee,  schooner li'i 

Tuckaberry,  Cupt.  J.  D Iitt 

Tacomu,  steamship,  wreck    31.1 

Tucoma.  steamer 3aii 

Tucomn.  iug 244 

TuiChow.  steamship .'•II 

Takou,  steamer 34fl 

TallKit.  H.  M.  S ai 

Tanner,  brig KM.  IfW 

Tarlton,  sehotmer .'fii 

Taninina.  l>rig r>4 

Tart e.  Capt.  James  W ■JlH 

Tarte,  W    l{ -Jii? 

Tution.Capt.  .lames ;Wii 

Tavhir.  Capt.  (ieorge  W IIW 

Teaser,  sclusmer ','7H.  4-.»7 

Teaser,  steamer ','1.1,  -^W 

Teaser,  steamer 3*^3 

Telephone,  steamer 354 

Telephone,  Columbia  Ulver  steamer 3IH 

"    burned 351 

Telephone,  Fruser  Hlver  steamer 4iP,* 

Tenino.  steamer HH.  1117 

Tepic,  brig  41 

Thames,  sieaniship llii 

Thami's  City,  ship H7 

Thermopviii'.  bark .'Wl 

Thistle,  sleiimer 31.'S 

Thislie.  steamer.  .   :«! 

Thistle,  steamer 377,  l-JI 

Tlilstle,  steamer ;fi»H 

Tlioiiuis  Corwiu.  I*,  S.  n-venue  cutter -ilh 

Tiionias.JohnT Ki 

Thomas.  CajJt,  Oweu 4.**4 

Thomtis  II.  IV-rkins.  schooner lii 

Thomas  I'l-rklns.  brig \b 

Thomas  L.  Nix<m.  steamer .I.'W 

Thomas  K.  Foster,  bark,  wreck  .133 

Thomas  Woodwanl.  scluHiner.  wreck 17(1 

Thompson,  ('apt.  .1.  S 415 

Thompson,  Capt.  Jolm  'Jrt:i 

Thompson.  Kobert  K. m 

Tliomsen,  Capt    Daniel  C i>l 

Thorn,  Capt,  Charles I.'t7 

Thorndvke,  C.  H 374 

Thornton,  sdiooiier 168,  4',»7.  4*Jli 

"     seizure 4'iH 

Turnsher,  shi;j.  wreck 'JMI 

Three  llntthers.  brlff rt 

Three  Sisters,  steamer X^ 

Tiblmlls.Capt.  H.  L Ml 

Tiller,  bark,  wreck   314 

Tidal  Wave,  bark 1711,  a rj 

Ttddv.Capt.  John  II , Xr: 

Tillie.  tug      .1l»7 

Tillle  K.  Siarttuck.  ship .til 

Timandni.  lirig.  wreck 273 

Tiusley.  Charles   HM 

TolwiK  steami'r ....  ;wi 

Toledo,  steamer 'JWI 

Tolo.  schooner   KM 

"    wreck  114 

Tolo.  sclnMiner IKH 

Tolo.  steamer .^4rt 

Tom  Mor'  Is,  steamer *at.  XW 

TomUn.  Itichard   K X\H 

ToiHiuln.  ship  II 

■■     wreck  Vi 

ToinHiin,  «,teanuT     XiH 

Topsy,  steamer .13(1 


XX 


INDKX 


I 


T'lrrent,  hurk 77. 

"    wn'ck 

Tory,  iihlp 

TiiutoD,  linrk  

TiiwuDitti,  HchtKmiT 77. 

TrunHftT,  Nl  I'unu'r 

TrilDHlt.  MChoOIHT 

Truvi'litr.HttMimi'r 

t'    wruck 

Truvuler,  Nli'iimtT 

Truvi'lor,  iu»r 

Trent.  Ciiin.  K.  H 

Tn'HHU  Miiy,  MitMiiiittr . 

Triton.  Hhlp 

TrluinptLNtcutiiMtilp 

Triumph,  lui! 

Triumph.  NrhmtiHT  ^v*7.4.'4't, 

Tropiu  lUnl.  hurki'Qtlne 

Truup,  ('upl.  t'hiirlim 

Tniup,  Oiipt.  «'liiu>'.i' 

Troup.  Copt.  JumuH  W 

Troup.  W.H 

Trui*  llrilon.  whip 

TrulUiiKfr.  John  C ■ 

TrUHttie.  Mi'hooni»r,  wreck 

TuuUtin  llivcr  Nuvlyullon  &   Muuuriictur- 

InK  f'oinpuny 

TuuUtln  RlviT  Nnvlifutlon  Jk  Truusp<)rtu- 

tlon  Company  

Tucker.  Ci»pt.  Fruuklin 

Turnliull,  Copt.  Jami'H 

Turnlmll.Cnpt.  WllUiim  R 

Turner,  t'lipt.  Friiuk  B. 

Turuer.  Matthew 

Turner.  KoIhti 

Tweniytlrsi  ii(  May.  bark,  wreck  

Twilight.  Mchoouer 

TwtHH,  Mteumer  

Two  HnitherH.  Mcliooner 

Tyee,  tUK 

Tynemouth.  steaiuHhlp 

Typhoon,  steamer 


AliK 

KM 
171) 
in 
«! 
IIM 

did 

u 

711 
'JMI 
«» 

HUH 
14 

.tm 
.W 
41" 

•JW, 

xa 

IKS 

4:) 

146 
,HII 


I7H 

«I7 
M 
IVi 

l« 

■im 

■mi 
wi 
■tm 
;wi 

I?] 


U.  n.  Scott  Rteamlioat  Company 

U.  S.  (Irant.  uteamer  .  i:«.  It«l. 

"    wreck  

Ulysses,  ship  

UmtttUIa,  steamer .. 

rmatUla.  steamship y«i,  '•K\. 

Uml>rinu.  schfMiuer 

UmiNiua.  scluiouer Ml, 

Umpqua  Sleum  NavlKatiou  C^impauy    

Una.  lirii^autine.  wreck 

Uncle  Ilichanl.  steamer 

Underwriter,  steamer 

Uniline.  hark 

Uniliue.  steamer  ■ 

Union,  hark,  wreck 

Union.  sIcanuT. 

"    IturueU ■ 

Union,  steamer 

Union,  steamer 

Union,  steamer ■'*•", 

Union,  steamer,  wreck 

Union  Steamship  Comiainy  

Urania,  schooner 

Urauia,  schooner,  wreck 

Utsaiatly,  steamer IW"*. 

Utopia,  steamer 


4:t: 

TO 

■M 
;a> 
:«i7 


,'l,'i4 

itii 

UK 
■Jilt 

iirj 
■JOS 

XtK 
■Mh 

:iTn 
:i7 

•J4I1 
■.V£i 
4IHI 


Valleyllelil,  ship  -Jl 

Van  Auken,  ('apt.  Henry it-J-J 

Van  Hreniu'r.  I'apt.  James 'JTH 

Van  Duser.  tHiver TI 

Van  Tassell.  Philip i;>r 

Vancouver,  bark i.'>.  "Jl 

'*    wreck ■Jt 

Vancouver,  hrln,  wreck in 

Vnucnuver,  schiHUier in 

Vancouver,  ship  Ill 

Vuucouvi-r,  steamer  H-'i 

Vancouver,  steamer  ixt 

Vancouver,  steamer  toll 

Vancouver,  steana'i   '177 

Vancouver.  tJapt.  ( Jeorife s 

Vancotiver  Helle.  schtsmer.  seizure  4  Ml 

Vamlaiia.  bark 4m 

"    wreck 411 

Vanilerhidt.  Capt.  J.  K .•••l 

Varuua,  steamer IT^J,  istt 

Vasco  da  t>aina,  steamship    ■J.'ii 

Velos,  tUK.  wreck 4^J.I 

Ventnra.  steamship ■Jis 

"    wreck  'J.'m 

Venture,  steamer 7J 

Venture,  schooner  4:t.'i 

Venus,  brlK H 

Vernon,  bark llW.  l»,'i 

Veto,  steamer "JiHi 

Vlckers,  E ml 

Vlckery,  liark  IIH 

Victor,  steamer    4ir,i 

Victor,  Imrkeutlue Iiw 

Victoria,  sdioouer "J 

Victoria,  sch(H)ni'r I.'ts 

Victoria,  steamer I7il.  J7I 

Victoria,  steamship ■JUS.  ■J'fi 

"    wreck ai;( 

Victoria's  first  deep-water  vessel -Jl 

Victoria  Marine  Railway  414 

Victoria  Packet,  HChoonc;r Wt,  lat 

•  •    wreck 144 

Victorian,  steamer .'IS7 

Vidette.  bark IIW 

ViKllaut,  steamer 414 

VlklnK,  schooner ,*WI 

Villa,  steamer    ;t7.T 

Vlncennus,  U,  S.  sloop 'JO 


■•Ati  K 

VIcdet,  steamer .'»4« 

VirKllT.  Price,  steamer .'«iil,  :«Ki 

"    burneil 4'Jll 

Virginia,  steamer , •J7M 

\'iva,  HcliiHiuer , 4iV4 

\'lxen.  steamer :Wi 

Vizcaino,  HeliasI lau a 

Vnlania,  steamer 4til 

Voiaule,  schfsiner ,'lti.t 

Vol^a.  steamer .'tl>5 

Volmer.  steamship ...  -inii 

Voliilileer.  schis r ;Mll 

X'olunlcer.  steamer 'VA 

Vulcan,  steamer 4011 


W,  Hicks.  schiHUH'r    711 

W.  .\.  Hanks,  bark I'JI.  imi 

■•    wreck INI 

\V.  It  .Scruiiton.  bark,  wreck Ht'J 

\V.  t'.  I'arke.  bark,  wreck 4Vi 

W.  II.  ninl.  bark XIX 

W.  b'.  Ikille.  schisaicr I'W 

\V.  K.  Jewel  t.  schtsmer JHll 

\V.  v.  Munrm'.  sti'amcr  ;«i*l 

\V.  H.  Hesse,  bark  'JIVI 

•■    wreck :nii 

W.  H.  liawlev.  barkeutlue 113.  liVt 

•■    wreck 'Jt«l 

W.  H.  HurrlsdM,  steamer .'tsu 

W.  H.  Heaver,  bark    im 

W.  II.  Talbot,  sclusmer arJ 

\V.  K.  ,\Ierwln,  steamer -'fit 

\V.  L.  Heebe.  schooner ■J:l7.  'JTll 

■•    wreck  4IS 

\V.  L.  Kichanlscin.  schtHiner li.^ 

W.  M.  Hoau.  sti'amcr »4,'i 

W.  P,  Hall,  schcioner KW 

W.  P.  Say  ward,  sclusmer I*J7 

■'     seizure  4;^ 

\V.  S.  Horu^.  schooner .'ttli 

W,  ,S.  I. add.  steamer Iim 

Wacniista.  ship 77 

Wade,  steamer 1411 

Wade,  ("apt,  Helirv IKi 

Walehu.  seh.Kiuer ..     'Jll'J 

Wal lel...  steamer Xil 

Walll.l'apl.  W.  I K^J 

VVaUetiiaii.  I'apl.  Kil).'ar  —  imi 

Walbran.  I'apl.  J"lin  T :t.il 

Wall,  (ieaeral  J.  (1 4-J 

Walla  Walla,  steamship 'JKI.  -.Wl.  .'ITvJ 

Wallace,  ('apt.  I)a\  ill  I) .'His 

Wallamel.  steamer ....  41. ."il 

Wallmva.  lUk' im 

Walluski.  steamer ;44K 

Walter  A.  Karle.  sclusmer.  wreck 4.il 

Waller  lialeit-h,  bark  17s 

Walvli.'.  ('apt.  John  J  :»!> 

Waiidi'rer.  tuir  ;47»1 

Wanderer,  selnsauir.  seizure,.  4411 

Ward.Jcdin  P ■Jim 

Warbawk.  ship.  liiiriKsl    .'Ill 

Warren,  r.  S,  sltHip  'Jl 

Warren,  ('apt.  .lames  It lt'»s.  (■J7 

Warren,  ('apt.  W.  K :«is 

Warren.  William :» 

WarrimiNi.  sleamship 4os 

Warrior.  sclii«)ner.  wreck W 

Wasco,  steamer M 

Wasco,  steamer    .'117 

Washlii^'lnn.  britt •'> 

Washington,  steamer HI,  4.i 

••     iH.iler  explosion (1« 

Wash  lie-' I. in.  steamer 'JK'i.  'JILt 

Waslilri^-'toii  Steamboat  Comiiany —  'JlTi 

Washlm-Mon  l.lbby.  ship,  wreck :I7:| 

WasliintJIon  Terrilnrv  Transporhiliuti  Co...   l'j;t 

Wasp,  steamer  1 1(1. '.tKl 

Wasp,  steamer .'17."i 

WalchnniUer.  steamer .'t'J'J 

Water  Mlv.  steamer .VI 

Waler  Wiieh,  steamer I(»l 

Watsciii.  Ab'xaiider -JH! 

Waud.  Capl.  (I.  S ia 

Wave,  schooner  ■J^J 

Weallhv  Pendlelon.  bark ■Jss 

Webber.  Ilenrv 4S 

WebfiKii.  hark,  burned :ill 

WebfiHil,  steamer Il,'> 

Wehfcsit  No.  ■J.  sleamer    l.-lil.  177 

Weir.  Cain.  W.  (1 'Jlc 

Weleona'.  sleainer ■Jl  I.  •JS4,  ■JS7,  ■J',i,'i 

Welllni-sbv.  brli; ..      :« 

Wellint'loii.  steamship :«I5.  ;«C> 

Weils,  Capl,  W.  11 .'IS 

Wenat.  steamer IKl.  llll.  IW.  •J:lt 

■  •    wreck -Jill 

Wenona.  steamer "Jiili.  .'IVi 

West  Indian,  sleamship :t7s 

"    wreck  nil 

Wi'sler,  Capl.  Ceort,'!'    1,'Vl 

Western  Helle.  bark ■J1.^ 

Western  (^neen.  sleamer 'Jlill 

Western  Shore,  ship 'JlH.  ■J,'I7 

■  '     wreck 'Jill 

Weslern  Slope,  sleamer 1S7.  •J7I.  .'Hifi 

West  port,  sli-amer ■Ji'<l.  .'tl-J 

Whlsller.  bark   Iil7.  I7li 

"    wreck     .'tl4 

Whlleomb.  Capl.  (iecirK  ■  ■J.'tt 

Whllcimdi.Capt.  Ja sH 7H 

Whilcomb.  Capt.  James  P ;tii7 

Whllcomb,  Capl.  W.  P -I'M 

Whilcomb.  Capl.  William  H 'J.VJ 

While,  Cain.  K.  .V r)l 

While.  Capl.  lieortre  H ll.'t 

White.  Capl.  Leonard  SI 

While.  S.  S -Jil 

Whlteley.  ('apt.  J.  J 410 

Whlteley,  Capt.  W.  H 443 


PAOK 

Whlleslde.  llerlK'rl 417 

WhlliMi.  bark till 

W  ide  WesI ,  slenmer 1I4H.  ,1IU 

'■     wreck 1I7» 

Wlnu:"s.  W.  H M 

Wild  (la.:(dle.  sehiHmcr 1711 

Wild  Pl^fcon,  sclKHincr 7H 

WMder.  sleamer  1411 

W lldnosl.  sleamer .'Ml,  'CM 

■•    bnnusl xa 

WlldwniMl,shlp aw, 'Jill 

Willamette,  sclaNiner.  wreck  ....     411 

Wlllanu'lle,  sleann'r       .1A 

Wlllamelle,  sleamship    ilHl 

WlllamelleChler.  sleamer        'JI3 

Wlllamelle  h'alls  Canal  \  l.ia'ks  Company  .  in.*! 

Wlllamelle  Kails  Coinpanv  4f) 

Wl I laniel le  Kreliihl  ln>!  Company  UW 

Wllla lie  llispeelhm  District 114 

Wlllalnelle  Locks  'JIA 

Wlllamelle  N'avi^'ation  ('nmpanv IHl 

Wlllaualle  lllver  N'nvUuUon  Company  .,,,  drj 

WlllameCe  Siinaw.  sleamer "J-'i'l 

WlllanadleHleam  .N'avl^ratlon Company  .      I,'i^ 

Wlllamelt  '  SleamlHail  Cimipany AJti 

Wlllamell.'  TransiKirlalltin  «&  i.iockH  Co...  Jttl 

Wlllamelle  Valley,  steamship 31IS 

Wlllapa.  steamer  'JIM.  317.  .SHH 

Wlllard  Aliisworth.  NchiH)nur    ■    4ll3 

Wllliani.  ship 4s.  im 

William,  hrltf,  wreck W 

William  Mian,  selKHmer 4N 

Wlllliim  and  Ann,  bark,  wreck 11 

William  Howden,  schotaier 4(13 

William  Irvlnt,',  sleaiin>r 'J7II 

"    wreck  4'Ji 

Willlnm  Itenlon,  schisaier -'HH 

Wllliani  Tabor,  sleamship 'Jls,  ■jiiii 

William  Tell,  ship,  wreck 114 

Williams.  Capl.  J,  A :t«l 

Williams. ('apt.  .lames  K 113 

Williams.  Capl.  Hichard .'« 

Wllllamsburir.  ship    HI 

Williamson.  James  T \h! 

WUIlamsim.  Capt.  Wllliani  'Jls 

Willie,  sleamer  SKI 

Willie  K.  Hume,  barke'illne .'Wl 

Willie  Mcliowan,  scl n'r   l:W 

Wllllmanlle,  brlk'    40 

••    wreck  •J.Sll 

Wlllouk'hbv.  Capl.  Charles  H 1113 

Wlbnlniflon.  sleann'r 'Jlis.  3'Jll.  Kll 

■■    burned 41'J 

Wilson.  Capl.  Kreil Ibl 

Wilson  (1.  flnril.  sleamer 73.  US.  171. 'Jill 

Wilson.  Cain,  .lames Irtl 

Wilson.  John  A ■J31I 

Wlnalil.  Capl.  J.  J 'Jkl 

Wliianl.  W,  I) 1117 

Wlncliesler.  schiHUier 4II1I 

Wlnehesler.  Capl.  J.    1< ...  Wl 

Windward,  bark,  wreck    ■j:*! 

Wlmred  Arrow,  ship \Ki 

Wliik'eil  Hacei.  schiHHa'r  .  IIM 

Winnifreil.  seliiKMier ■JKI 

Winnilreii.  schi Miner,  seizure 141 

Winnifreil.  sleann'r fflllt 

Winnini.'.  !■:  S 17H 

Wlnshlp.  T.  J II'J 

Winter.  William 3I'J 

WinlerlMilham.  II.  J 347 

WIshkah  Chief,  sleann'r Slii 

Wolf.  Capl.  John  H nil 

Wonder,  slenmer -Jivj 

WiMiil.  Cnpl.  Alexander rt'js 

WiMKl.Capl.  Ileort'e  W JIl'l.'JSH 

WiHKl,  1.  W ai7 

Wiiodley.  Capl.  William  J Ml 

WiNsipeckel.  schisii:  -r.  wreck 1114 

WiHiils.  Kdaa:  I  P im 

WiiiKlside,  v.,'amer Jdl 

■     arecU   ;fill 

Wiiolirv,  Capl.  J,  li Jill 

Wii.dery.  William  H ■J77 

Wiirlnek.  sleani  scab 443 

Worslci.  William  S ■J.'il 

Worlh.Capl,  Kcink    'Jkj 

Wresller.  barkenllne ^^H 

Wrialil.  lleori-e  S    I'JI 

Writ'lit.  Joliti  T,..Ir. -Jlu 

Wriu'hl.  Capl,.Iiihn  T (Ill 

Wrj(.'lil.  Capl.  Thomas il,% 

Wvi-'iinLThi'islore  ih 


Vaecer.  J.  H 

Vakima.  sleamer 

Vainliill.  sleamer    

Vaijiiina.  sleamship 

Vaijulna  Hay.  steamship 

"    wreck       

Vaiiniin(  cii., ,  sleamship  ... 

"    wreck      

Vann'lierc.  Capl.  Charles    .. 

Voselnile.  sleamer 

Vonii(t  ,\nieriea.  sleamer  .... 

Viinnj.'.  Henjamin 

Voiiin.'  Phii'lilx.  bark,  wreck  . 

Vncon.  slenmer 

Vnkon.  steamer    

^'viinne.  sleamer . 


■JKI,  .'Krj 

.'M 

.'Kill 

-.t!! 

...  .  avi 

IKl 

:«il 

.      ..  4111 

;«.! 

.    .    .  .'Kil 

1711,  .'Std 

XIII 

,    ,,  4IIII 


/.anibesi,  sleamship    ,'I.VJ,  ,3111 

/.ampa,  schisiner ,3411 

Zeliiibia,  siiiji fiH 

"     wreck  7K 

Zephyr,  bark  |fl7 

"    wreck  IHH 

/.ephyr,  sbumer lilt 

Zumwali,  John .w 


PAliK 

417 

!« 

•.'!". :«« 

,w 

Kl 

1711 

7H 

I  III 

■.m.:tn 

xa 

aw,  ■jicp 

«i 

;i"i 

•*! 

'.'l.! 

iimimuy..  M1>H 

4ft 

IWI 

IH 

aiii 

IHl 

puny  ....  'iri 

iXi 

ipiuiy  .      l.'lft 

Sill 

I'kM  I'll...  g;ii 

ni.i 

.  W4,  .'U7.  :«•>< 

4in 

4«,  mi 

M 

411 

II 

4<1.H 

«;« 

4ai 

.■Ill 

■.■in. -.Ml 

IM 

Xil 

ii:i 

:v 

HI 

11)7 

aiH 

»« 

.'Wl 

4:m 

4(1 

*«l 

iin 

.  ..isw.  :mi.  .'til 

413 

11(1 

73,  UK.  171.  gill 

Idl 

'iSlI 

446 

m 

4(11 

flMI 

*«l 

im 

1(14 

-.Mil 

HI 

am 

ITS 

...  iig 

.■tig 

:*I7 

.KIS 

....  Kll 

iivg 

:«« 

. .  giu.  gnu 
g(ir 

HI 

nil 

g:«i 

gill 

■Ml 

iiii 

-m 

I  i;i 

g.'ii 

gsg 

gTK 

igi 

giti 

IKl 

Wl 

45 


...  .'til 
.  igi.  giK 
.  ..  Kig 
gn;i. :«« 

.'IM 

am 

:t!i 

, ..  ,  .'i-iii 

IKl 

.■«ll 

.      ..  4111 

:«.i 

,    ...  .'Vll 

17.1,  .•m 
;{iti 

.    ,.    4(W 


.'ivj.  .mi 

...  .1111 

....  511 

..    .  7H 

....  I«7 

....  IKK 

....  nil 

,,,.  sa 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


All 


PAriK 

■rili't'li.  HlciiiiiiT -WW 


ALtiH>N  MfDinialil,  M'hiHmer 440,  ^Ht 

Aliiiikn.  scliiHiucr .  41^ 

AliiMwurth.rupi.  (•i'4irKt>  J 'i\ft 

AliiHwiirih,  CuiH,  J.  I' HI 

Ainswtirlh.  hi'Iuhiuit U'-i 

Alrcy.  Hnhrrt   \Ti 

AluNkiu),  lUHt  liourN  of  Hteumor H7i( 

AhiNktui.  Htrumcr   .titl 

Ali-xumU-r.  Nti'unicr 443 

Ali'XiiiiiltT.  um iM4 

Ali<lu.  sU'imiiT IHrt 

Allliiiin'.  NtciiiiHT   81(1 

AllUdU,  Wlllliim  H aw 

Almntu.  MicHmcr )t87 

Aluhu,  Hi'liiinucr SB"*- 


Aurt>u,  HitMtinship 

Ani-on.  wni'K  <if 

AuiliTMuii.  Ciipt,  ruHpnr  H 

AtitliTNiin.  Citpt.  .1.  I J R?H 

Hirt 

II  HI 

4m 

451 


Aii(l<>rsuu,  Ciipt   (>.  A.  . . 
Ai.KiTMifln.  (a  pi.  I,..  K. 


Ankciiy.  <"iipl,  Alrxumlrr  I* 

Aiiim  ('.  Mi'ori'.  sflnHiiHT 

Atuiik  K.  I'liliit.  si>liu(tiiiT .... 

Aiiiiit'  Kuxmi.  sli'inniT 

Aiirili- t'axnii.  slfiiiiiiT,  itftfr  t'xploHidU 411 

Arit'tcN.  Ht't»M)ucr 441 

Asioriti a«l 

Asiiirlii  in  IHia  II 

Astorhi's  tirnt  nistimi  luiUHir.. ti 

Aiintni.  srlnKUHT 4W 


IIitlil»UI»ii'.  I'upl.  •lohli  W. 

Hiilibid^'f.  ('apt.  H.  U 

liatlcv.i'iipt.  Hcnrv  

Ilailcv.Ciipt.  LchUt  a... 

Ilakrr.  4'iipt.  W.  K 

Ilali'h.  Cupi.  .lului  \V 

tluruuorr.  sii'anicr 


l!» 

aw 

^» 

:.•;«( 

AM 

«1 

irti 

llarriiik'liMi.  Tapl.  {■Mwttnl M 

huiTiii^'nm.Ciipt.  K.  M Xt7 

Miirllrtl.fapiain MW 

llan^'htiiitii.  Ciipt.  K.  () ',*7I 

Maut'lnnun,  ('apt,  K.  W 'M 

llt'iivfr.  Huilsutis  Idiy  sicaint-r 14.  IH 

Mi'iivtT,  sti-atiuT,  wrci'k froulisplctM' 

HflHlliHlt.Capt.  .1.  !• ;WI 

lli'iijuniin,  (apt.  A.  O »I7 

Hcriiiiriu'liani.  .Inhn M 

Mt-vtum,  ('apt.  W I  Ilium -JliM 

lllai'kbvirii.  Capl-  iX^vliI  O 4lrt 

lllacUstoiK-.  Captain    t(i:i 

lilaiH-hanl.Capl.  Draii it«» 

Hnt,'aii.  Capt.  .1  ami's A\h 

lltillfH.  Capl.  Ffi'tlcrii'k IHI 

linrcalis.  si'Iuhuut LVJ 

Mositiii.  sliip.  Ill  Xnoika  Htmtiil ill 

Ifcivil.  Capt.  (ii'da'i'  \V tw 

Hri'ck.J.  M ill 

Hn-inla.  Ki'liiMimT 4ftii 

Urtm-krrlKHT.  H '44i 

Urittaiii.  Capt.  .1.  C -Jifi 

HnH)ks.  Capl.  .lolin  \V ;t|ii 

Mn>tti(-r  .loiiattiaii,  steamship \'M 

lirowii,  Hiram .'fi 

ilrnwri.  Capt..Inlin  \V ■,»H7 

Mi'uwii.  Capt.  SlH'i'maii  U -HW 

llniwatT.  Capt.  (;fna'«* IWI 

llrnwritii-Ul.Capt.C.  I) tdl 

Hrvan.  William.) :w 

Hryaiit.  Capt.  W.  .1 llfS' 

llui'tianaii.  Capl.  D.  K \t*\ 

Hufhidiz.  Capt.  Otto 4;*( 

hiu'klin,  Capt.  K.  h" :ni7 

hiirkiiam.  Capl.  S.  \V aw 

Kiiti-'tT,  Martin  ;fi» 

Hnlli'iii'.  (ii'i)ru'i' W \At 

Munis,  Capt.  A.  M |;k 

Itusliiu'Il.  Capt.  Willam  K Hrt 

liiitlcr.  Capl.  .lame  .  K...  ;WI 

livers,  Capt.  W'.li 447 


C.  \V.  Wctmort".  v. .lalrliai'k  steamer 

(.'alironiia.  pnipetter  Hteamship 

California,  sflnMHier 

California .  steamship 

('ainpl)e]].  <  'apt.  J.  K 

Cainpliell.  linraee 

Caiiii.  Capt.  A.  K 

Capilano.  steamer  

('arilHM)  aiul  Fly.  steaiiier 

Carl  'It a  <i.  (.'ox.  seluKiiier 

Carrie  I..aiUI.  steamer 

(.'arrnll.  dipt,  .lames 

Carter.  Capl.  Henry 

Cascades  of  the  (.'olumblu,  Hteiiiner  . 

Cascades,  steamer,  with  hur^reN 

I'harleston  anil  Haltimore,  cruisers  . 

(^hatti Ttnn.  Capt.  .fumes  T 

Cherrj.C.  C 

(.'lillhut,  steamer 

t'hrlsiiauseu,  Cupt.  JumeH 

Christiunsen,  Capt.  James,  Jr 

Church,  a.  T 

City  of  Everett,  whaleback  steamer 


am 

1SI7 
4H 
IJ7 

•iHH 

;m» 

4111 
•A*\ 

Wi 
4.'JI 

Tfi 
l.-ill 
WS 
Jm 

xi\ 

:«ii) 
41  r.) 

4(111 
KIS 
4IH 
IIIH 
4*^4 


PAIIK 

■■¥» 

Cily  of  I'nelda.  sieamship  

;»1H 

Clly  of  Wuiuey.  si  earner  .        

Cily  of  San  Iih'u'o.  schooner 

g.'iii 

4,Vt 

Clancey.  Capl.  Charles  K 

171 

Clark. Cupt.  Wlllium  II 

i.'«i 

ChiuKh.Cupt.  William  H 

IWl 

!»■ 

Coe.Capt.  K.K 

IIII 

(!(«'.  Cam.  L.  W 

5(1 

Cd'iir  d  Aleuo,  HteumtT 

xa 

Collier.  Wlllium  H . 

ColIiHier,  Cupt.  H 

431 

CoUver.  Joseph 

319 

Colonel  .Momly.  steamer 

»l 

CnlHon.  Cupt.  Samuel 

3,17 

Columlila,  ship  

« 

C^ilumhla,  steumship 

:« 

Columhiu,  Hteumship 

375 

Coluinhla.  steamer 

:tn 

Cnlumbla  Hur  IMhits.  IKV) 

17 

Columbiu  Itiver  Jetty 

;«i 

Ciilumblu  Uiver  LlKhlshlp  

4(11 

Columbine,  U.  S.  steamer 

433 

Conner.  Cupt.  U.  C 

.'1711 

Connlck.  Cupt.  John  T 

141 

Cool'   .'apt.  Jame.H 

3 

(•(Mikson,  Frank 

343 

Coos,  steamer 

gm 

C.Hiuilh'  Itiver  Mar 

3711 

Coiinille  Water  Front 

:«ii 

Coipililimi,  sleumor 

4(13 

C'lsjrnive,  ('apt.  John 

Mil 

Couch.  Cupt.  John  H 

Ill 

Coupe.  Capt.  ThnimiH 

41 

Cox.  Kdwin  .  

:«i 

Cniiiir,  Cupt.  Thnnius  H 

431 

317 

Crlm.  ('upl.PftiT  H   .  

CroHliy,  Alfrcil           

g.Ki 

17 

Crosliy.  ('iip(.  CliuirlcU 

I3:i 

('iiiiniiiKhuin.  H.ii 

:i7» 

CiUliT.  ('u)it.  M.  F 

447 

Cyrus  Wulkcr,  Iuk 

13" 

lluisy  AInswnrtI).  Kt<>limi>r 

gii7 

Hull,  Capt.  Wlllium 

,11 

lliillt'siif  th<>  Columbiu 

IS3 

Durlliii;.  Ilfiirv 

.177 

llu\lilsiui..lohn 

:t3ll 

Iluvis.  HiihiTt    

377 

lluvlH.  Cupt.  lioluud 

;«iii 

lie  IlulT.  IVtiT 

135 

Iii'vcrcaux.  Cuptuln 

nil 

He  Wolf.  Cupt.  Suuuu'l  .1 

131 

Illuuu,  Kti-umi'r 

nil 

llli-nlorlT,  Cupt.  Wlllium 

IBH 

lloulH'.  Cupt.  W.  ,1 

11» 

Dolililns,  Cupt.  I).  W 

KolcCupt.  Thomus 

:i5,i 

187 

Dolhollf,  Cupt.  John 

HH 

I>i)lphln.  sti'umtT  . 

S« 

Iloruii.  Wlllium. 

05 

lioru  SIcwui'tl.  .sfliooncr 

45(1 

l)<»U(,'lass.  Caiu.  .-X 

431 

l)oiii.'la5s.Cupt.  Snmiicl  S 

i:i7 

llrulti'.  Sir  Fruni'is 

Dri-nnon.  .lumcN 

:tgi 

Iiryilock  ul  yiiurti'miustur  Hurlior 

:m3 

llinilium,  Cupt.  H.  W 

353 

lliiuhum,  Cupt.  J.  F 

381 

K.  B.  Murvln.  stiliooncr 

451 

K.lHTli'.  Ailuni  W 

•'(17 

K(l wards,  Cupt.  < 'liarh's 

47,  145 

F,il\vunl.s.  Capt.  K.  S 

413 

F.U/u  AiHlcrsoi].  steamer 

7(1 

F.lllott.  W.  A 

Ki 

DmUeii.  Cupt.  H.  A 

1.1« 

Kniniu  Huvwuril.sli-unier 

1115 

Knipn-ss  of  Chlnu.  steamship  . — 

ItM 

Kiiipressof  liiiUa.  steamship 

frolltlsiil.'ee 

iMiipressfif  .lupau.  steamship  

am 

Knterprlse.  steamer 

5(1 

KrsUlm'.  Capt.  .Tames   

431 

KrsUlne.  Cupt    M.  C 

KM 

KsMiilniult  (iru\  ini;  lloek   

3111 

Kttershauks.Cupt.  William 

131 

Kureku.  steamship 

1117 

Kvun^rel,  steumer 

31M 

Kvuns.C.  W 

31H 

PAni 

Fuvorlte.  lull iW 

KeurlesH.  tuif ,  410 

Fee,  lluvlil  F VI 

I  .Mows,  A.J S15 

heltoll.  Cupl    Churlen IIV 

Ferev.Cupt.  (leorxe  It 4.11 

FIni'll.Cupt.  I).  II 7(1 

FIttvel.  Cupl.  (leiirffe,  IKI 

FleetHiKKl,  Hteumer KM 

Flyer,  steumer M.mt 

Finite,  Cupt.  Humillon  R .HSI 

Fow  ler.  Junies  m AN) 

FrunelH.Ciipt.  K.  H liai 

Fruzer.  Cupt.  J.  M (M 

Fuller,  (leorre  F «7 


(1.  W.  Shaver,  steamer 

»M 

(lUKc  Capl.  John  W 

148 

(lutes,  John 

Kll 

(latter.  Capt.  Frank  W 

(leorwo  K.Starr,  steamer 

IIKI 

3711 

(it*orKe  W.  F.lder,  HteamKhIp 

341 

(•erlnule,  Httuimer 

««• 

tun.  Samuel  F 

3MI 

(Jlllesple.Cunt.  H.J 

(illllam,  William  A 

.13(1 

m 

Cllman  Capt.  J.  M 

,17 

(Hide.  Harry   

4« 

(iolluh.  steamer 

M 

(lore.  Charles.  

3111 

(lore,  Capt.  (JeorKc 

3111 

(lore,  Capt.  John  T 

■£» 

(love.  Cupl.  A.  II 

tl3 

(iove.Cupt.  1,  W 

41 

(love,  Cupt.  (leorije  W .... 

(love.  Cupt.  William 

'Jdl 

rjii 

(■rant.  Captain 

4;« 

(irappler,  steamship 

313 

(Jray.  Capt.  A.  W 

Il>» 

(Jray.Capt.  J.  H.  I) 

M 

dray.  ('apt.  Robert 

11 

(;rav.  Clint.  William  P 

S5H 

(Ireal  n   .iiblie.  steamship 

aw 

(Ireuorv.  Cupt.  W.  A 

:v» 

(Irimtlis.  .lames 

IIH 

(Irlnwald,  Cliurles  H   

mi 

(Irouuds.  Capt.  M 

31 

droves.  Capt.  H.  T 

331 

dulmlon,  Cupt.  J.  M. 

71 

(iunderson.  Cupl.  Churles  S 

IWO 

dussle  Telfair,  steamship 

174 

Hackett.  Capt.  F 

447 

Halcvon,  schooner 

4;»4 

Hall,  Capt.  W.  H.  H 

41) 

Harkins.  Harry 

378 

Harold,  ("apt .  Thomus 

431 

Harris,  Cupt.  Ileujamin  

344 

Harris,  ('apt.  Churles     .   .  

447 

HasHulo  shoot Ini;  Ihe  (.^aseades 

-374 

Haslhi).'s.  Capt.  1..  M 

53 

Hatch.  Capt.  Z.  J 

3»l 

Hultlidd.Cupt.  Job 

34 

Hultli'lil.  Cupt.  John  A 

-Mi 

Huvden.Cupt.  Wlllium  O 

1.13 

Heater.  Cuin.  tli'orire 

4311 

Heuilerson.cupt.  William 

170 

Henley. .Nell 

33« 

Henrletlu.  sehooner 

4511 

HIeks.Cupt.  lloliert 

143 

mil,  Cupt.  Duvld  H 

373 

Hill,  Cupt.  Jumi's 

Hill.  Capt.  Minnie 

3311 

Hinsdale,  Cupt.  Sylvester 

45 

Hohson.  Capt.  Itieliard 

147 

Hoirebmim.  L.  V 

71 

HoUaduv,  Heu 

1.13 

Holluud.  Cupt.  John  J 

im 

Holmes.  Cupt.  Wlllium 

377 

Horton.  William  .V 

,1A 

Houston.  Henry 

•.'■il 

Howard.  Cupt.  K.dwurd 

113 

Howell,  Cupt.  .lelTerson  U 

3'J3 

Howidl,  JohnJ 

111! 

Howes.  Cupt.  1{.   K 

,Klll 

Hovt.  Cui>l.  (ieoriJe  W.   

Hoyt.Cupl.  Hlehunl,  ,Sr 

Hnyl.Cupt.  Itlehanl,  Jr 

Hoyt.  I'upt.  , Samuel  A 

317 

Hnmphri'v,  Capl.  O.  J 

.113 

Hnnllndl    i,  Cupt.  Thomas 

H3 

Hustler,  Cupt   J.  a 

3.1,47 

Farley,  Capt.  Haniel fio 

Farnsworth.  Capt.  A.  C 47 

Farrell.  John 151 

Furrer,  Capt.  Erwin a95 

Favorite,  schooner 449 


Idaho,  steamship,  wreek  ."Hfc) 

Idaho,  steamer a-i 

hm'alls.  N.  U 43 

Insley.  Capt.  Asbury   m 

IrvlDK.  Capt.  John  303 

IrvlDK,  Capt.  William jm 

Islandeft  steamship 359 


xxii 


IM.rSTRATIONB 


J   M Ciili'nmn.  liiK Ml 

.lurkiihtHin.  rapt.  Vli'ti»r  447 

Jut'Uaim.  ('«pl  II  II IIHI 

jHrkiioa,  ('Hpl.  Johu  II :it 

.lavknno.  Cupl.  Hunnu'l     MM 

.ltt|{<trH.  C'apt.  JtihD  K nil 

June  A.  FttlkcDlHTK,  harkvDtlDe  17 

Ji'lToiill.  J.  K ICN 

•ImililnHH,  IkTrvmnn  tf 

Ji'iinlnKA.  Chttrli'H  II 4M 

Jrntmt',  Ciipt.  iltHtrii** <M 

tlimn,  Ntrumttr   4iKi 

.liihD  OiilON,  Ntciimrr , llhH 

.liihnwm,  ('ii|»  Chiirli'D  F HM 

.liihiiMDn,  I'upt- Krir     177 

Jiilinnim.  Ciipl   I'liM !fl 

.ItihnMiiu,  ('»pi  VVillluro iMi 

JnucH,  ('apt.  Clmrlt'M  II th 

Jiinm  t'lipi.  P.  II HIM 

Jiinlun.  Ciipl.  K.  W.    V7.t 

JonllMin,  I'upi.  John 'jWi 


Kumm.Cnpt.Chiirli'x  T •£*> 

Kttmin,  Ju(>ol4 .'II 

Kflliilii.  Nlt'iimur >ti\ 

Kiitf,  Mi<liiN>Qitr 4A) 

Kathi'rini*.  Nrhmiuer 4M 


Ki'i'Di',  Ciipl.  J.  W. 
Ki'lliT,  t:iipt.  A.  W.  .. 
Kt'lloKif. <*upt.  .loHeph 
Ki'nufMly,  lliivlil 


Klllim.Clipl.  TIlomilH  

Kliiilml,  ('iipl   11.0 


KH 
77 

■a 
Xin 
IH7 
•*■' 

KuilKKt- (It^rKc  II tVI 

Kniilt.  Amln^w  .1 ;c«l 

KiMTDiT.  I'upl.  wmliim  H «« 

KohU'iiui.WMlliim IM 

KooteDllt.  Mtciinier 15*7 

Kriift,('»pi Clmrlea  F U 


Ijillmiu'hi'n'.  Hli'umHhlp H."l 

Lulntf.  Clint.  Aniln'W  *!7 

l..illn»I.  HolMTt    W 

Lumpmiiii.  Heory   I3« 

l.ilDcCupt.  Nnt  H.  Jr a« 

Llini'.Ciipl.  Nut  H.Sr 117 

l.iirklu.s.l'upl.  W.  K .im 

LiirH(>u.  .lohn :i)lt 

IjiuiifhlUK  (if  HL'hnoncr  Nnrthwt-Nt  America     It 

I.iiw,  Wllllum        liil 

Luwtor.  DtillDlH  I7.S 

Lee,  ('apt.  Heorxe  A nil) 

Leedn.  Cupl.  J.mlah  H IW 

Lennen.  C'upt.  J.  E 14'J 

l.e»l»,  Caul   Herbert  0 4il 

l,e»l«,  Wfllhini .till 

Mlil)ie.  sclnM)uer l.'Sll 

I.II1I1.V.C.  W .'«m 

Mttle  Aonte,  Hteamer  AN) 

Liieke.  I'upl.l'iillu  K 447 

i.iH-ke.cupt.  I,.  I" ;«» 

lAiK  Hatt     Vm 

LtMiluiH.  (*apt.  L.  A *W 

Irfinl.  Hurry II1.I 

LnreDZ.  i'upt.  K i:«i 

LiiM  AllKcleH.  HteuiitNllIp 1.'I7 

Lot  Whltoiinib.  Hieamer :*t 

Love.  ('apt.  Kri'il  H 1*1 

Low.  ('apt.  Charles vlll 

Lmllow,  Kev.  J.  I' am 

Lytton,  Kteanier '.IH*,' 


Maekie,  Cupt.  I'eter  

MadttfUD.  Ileujaniin    

MuKKie  Mae.  HclKHiuer,  crewof  IMII  

Muuza   Ita,  steumer  

March  int.  Capt.lleorne  

Marsh  111,  John 

MurshuU.  Wllllum  H 

Murnllllol.  M.  (! 

Martin.  Captain 

Mary  Klleu.  Kchooner 

Mascot  t.  schooner  

Mutliews,  Cupl.  II.  A 

Maud  S..  schooner 

May  Helle,  schiMiuer     4.17 

Mcf-lur.',  Wllllum   

McCoy,  Cupl  ■!•  A 

McCoskrli'.  ('apt.  K 

AlcCulloch,  Cupt.  Wllllum — 

McCully,  A.A 

McCully,  Alfred 

McCully.  Uuvid    

McIliTmott,  I).  A 

MclX'rmott,  Frank    

McUoUKUll,  Cupt.  W.  D 

McKUL'uny,  l-Mwurd   

Met  lee,  Cupl.  Jumes 

Mctilll.  Jeremluh    

Mcfiruth.  Capt.  Luke 

Mclutyn-,  Capt..lumes  

Mclver.Jumes  

Mcitay,  Capt.  Hugh 

McKlel.Capt.il.  K 

McLean,  Cupt.  Alex  

McLean,  t:apt.  Dan  

McLi-an,  Capt.  LauKhlln  

McLeiHl.  Cupt.  John     

McNeil.  Capt.  William 

McNulty.  Capt.  .lohn  — 

McVlcur,  Capt.  U.  J 

Moares.  Capt.  John 

Meek.  Col.  Joe 

Messegee,  Capt.  tleorKC  U 

Meyers.  Capt.  Wllllum 

Miller,  Capt.  J.  D 

><lller,  Capt.  Sebastian  

Miner,  Capt.  E,  P 


:tK 
111 
r.w 
xn 

IS,-. 

.">; 
'iiiii 
■in 
4:11 
4:« 
4.VJ 
:!,tl 
444 
4,V1 
'JM4 
'411 
41V4 

117 

5K 
;tHH 

M 
hlH 
41.1 
4:11 

IW 
177 
till 
4»l 
l».''i 
.'ISII 
*£• 
4»l 
4'.>7 
4'i7 
4.11 
4:tl 

•:»> 
11.1 

4 

■»»< 

»6 
•JH 
45 

43g 


Minnie,  Hchtsiner 

MUchli'l.  Nteam  Mchtsmnr 

Mllcllell.  Cupl   H.  C 

Mitchell.  Capt   Wllllum 

Monterey,  Tnlled  Htuiea  itganwr  , 

MnnlHcrrut,  Nteumshlp 

MiKKly.  Cupl.  K.J 

Moore,  J.  W 

Moore,  Cupl    W    II 

Moore.  Capt  Wllllum 

Alorun.  Putrick  

Moritan,  capt   James 

Morirun.  Iiavlil       

Morrison.  Capt   Daniel 

Morse,  I'upt.  II  (I   

Molt.  Klljah  

Mouull.Caiil    Wllllum  

Mountain.  Capt.  ThoniUM..,. 

Mullnomah,  steamer 

Munnie.Cupl.  W.  F 

Miinsle,  Wllllum 

Millison,  Cupl.  J.  I> 

Mnrriiy.  Cupt.  Alexander  Hlnclulr. . 


I'AOK 
.  KB 
.  X» 
.  1711 
1117 

mi 

417 

'JIIU 

.  117 

.   4111 

.  «•.' 
.  IW 
.  ITS 
.  4I>I 

.  mi 
.  iii'j 
.  1,'ti 

,  Kl 
.  '41 
.  .11 
.  ',1111 
.  4«< 
111'.' 

.    :vi 


Nanalmii  Harts. r Iivi 

Nellie,  steamer  <4,1 

.Nelson,  Cupl.  A 4,11 

.Nelson,  steumer  ,'lir,> 

Newhull.  Fruuk  II .1IA 

Nlhlu'.  Cupt.  John  H .'11*1 

Nichols.  Cupt   KdwnnI  ...     n-i 

Nichols.  Cupl.  Melvllli. IITl 

NlKhllnKule,  William   ...     K^i 

North  I'aclHc.  steamer IHli 

Noyes,  Cupt.  Allen ..   IIV 


(Vllrlen.  Cupl  John ,1v'4 

(K'klahama.  sleumur .141 

(lilel.  Isuuc    IIVS 

Oilln,  Cupl.  Krunk CTI 

IHIln.  Cuiit.  (ieorite ■»» 

(VHaru,  Charles     'Js-J 

(Ihlo.  sleumer    Hill 

O'Leary,  Capt   William  4,'«i 

Oliver,  ('apt  J.  L 171 

Oluey.  Cupt.  Hiram  J .'IWi 

(llney.  Cupt.  Kane  i'i.1 

Olymplu.  steamer 170 

Olympian,  steamer 31,1 

tVNell,  l)an '.Ii 

ONell,  Michael ,1111 

Oueonla,  steamer    114 

Oreifon.  steamship ...      .Ml 

OretfOD,  steamship *J(lrt 

Orltlamme.  steamship I.V.* 

<lrl/ulia,  steamship    I,1K 

Oscar  anil  Battle,  schtKiner  4,'W 

Otter,  H,  II,  (k>,  sleumer 4il 

Otto, schooner 4.VI 


Pacltlc.  steamship 

Painphlet.  Ctipt.  'rhomus   

I'lipe.  Henry 

I*unluu.  Ilavlil  

I'arker.  Capt.  J.  (1 

Pallerson.  Captain.  

I'utlrrson,  Cupl.  W.  H 

Paxton.  Capt.  Henry 

IN'ilse,  Capt.  A.  L 

IN'use,  Capt.  (ieo.'Ke 

I'eut'lope,  sclUKiiier  

I*eniuse,  Captain 

IMIlshiiry,  Cupt.  A.  II 

IMntrslou,  Capt.  A.  F 

Pioneer,  schiHiticr    

PolitUorskv,  steamer  

Pope,  Capt    W.  II 

Portlanil,  OreKon.  In  ls.V< 

Port  lock.  ('apt.  Nutliaiilel 

Pratt.  Capt.  L.  K .. 

Premier,  steamer,  after  WlUumetlecnlllsUm 

Preyost,  Admiral  James  

Princess  Louise,  steamer 

Pronresslsl,  Dritlsh  turret  steamer — 


',►^4 
14(1 

am 

lli.'i 
.■Wi 
1(17 
•£¥\ 
411 
1»,1 

4411 
4 

1114 
lis 
4ffi 
I.W 

:bi 
711 

.1 
i:iii 
lin 
t^< 

I7II 

4'j;i 


(jueenof  the  Pncltlc.  sle.imship ail 

(jnenell,  Edward lai 


H.  Mller,  steamer ;iKll 

H.  P.  Illthet.  steamer   -.W 

H.  II.  Thompson,  steamer  'ift' 

Haatie.  Capt.  Oeorjre 'i'W 

Uackllff.  Capt.  William  K .1-i 

Haiulsiw.  steamer  33.1 

Ratnbone,  Capt.  E.  J .TSI 

Heed.  ('apt.  Oram  ille  \'ih 

Ke«nlat(ir,  steiimer .ISH 

Ueliance.  Itrillsh  steamer    Ill 

Helliince.  Willainetle  Kiver  steamer ft7 

Itepulillc,  steamship hi 

H lute,  tuif    34i> 

Heynolds.Capl.  Fjlward  H (17 

ItichanI  liush.l'niled  atntes  steamer :l'« 

llicharilson.  ( 'upl.  Charles 314 

llickards.  Albert    .'tlH 

Riddle,  Capluin    Tli 

Roberts,  Cant.  (Jcorire ;t.M 

Robertson,  (Jupt.  Jumes  %!() 

Robertson,  John     171 

Robinson,  Cupt.  Duyid I.M 

Ro>?i'rs,  Moses 47 

Rc'sters,  Capt.  .N.  L IWi 

Rosalie,  steamer 414 

Rose,  steumer Idl 

Rose.  Benjamin  V 101 

Rudlln,  Capt.  George Ul 


I'AOK 

Halilslon.Capl    John     W 

Hulilston,  Cupl  John,  Jr Ml 

Hulmond.Ciipl   Colin  n 

Hanlsirn.  Cupl   I.  11 n 

Han  Pedro,  steamship,  wreok M 

Haruti  IMxou.  steamer.. flwi 

Hilnloiiyx.  steamship  WB 

Hauey  I. ass,  schisiner    U0 

Haw  ver.  Cupt.  Cliurles  IHB 

Scurf,  (apt  Oscar ..Ml 

Heolt.  Pirry    «|| 

Hi'oll.('ap(.  r,  II till 

Healiurv.  Capt    Wllllum  II «U 

Heulirs  Rende/ioiis,  Victoria  harlHir 4M 

Heuton.  Captain     4ai 

Heat  lie.  Wash  .  in  IDM «I4 

Heu  Waif,  hrlg  Wn 

Hi  idea,  (apt   J    W.     Wt 

Hi'weil,  John  II m» 

Heymoui'.  Cupt,  W,  II !M 

Hhuver.  1  upl.  llisirKe  M IMI 

Hhaver.  (apt,  J    W Ml 

Hliaver.  Mnciiln    DM 

Hhi-ni'iidoali,  ('onfeilerati>  privateer 141 

Sherman,  ( 'apt .  Frisl  mv 

Shields,  Capl.  EC 447 

Shields.  Cupt   Wllllum  447 

Hhoollni;  Heals  in  llerlnK  flett 44ft 

Sliiirl.  Miles    «n 

Hhori,  (upl.  Sherman  V mi 

Short,  Cuix   W.  P jHft 

Shubrleh.  rnited  Slates  steamer IM 

Sidl.lirig MH 

Siewuril.Cupl.  II    F 447 

Hinipsiin.Capt   AM 74 

Hinipsim.  William   Hill 

Hinclalr.  ('apt.  cian'iice  W am 

Sir  James  Ihiugias,  sieamiir I4ti 

Sitka,  Alusku  ISA 

HkUiiier,  Thomus !U4 

.Smith.  Captain    4.11 

Snillh,  Capl.  Henry IWI 

Smith.  Capt.  J.  L OA 

Smith.  Reuben   ....     IW 

Sinllli, 'riiomas    tH 

Smith,  T.  V 117 

Smith,  Capl   Wi llinm llM 

.Snisjualmle,  steamer 37(1 

.Snow.  Capt.  Joseph IIM 

Sn.vder.  ('apt.  Levi mn 

Spencer.  Capt.  E.  W.  431 

Sperry.  Charles.   ..     194 

Sprint,  Capt.  Joseph 17ft 

Siirlnii.  Charles  44(1 

.Spring,  Capl.  V'liliam  44(1 

Stalker.  Capt.  Hugh 1411 

Hlundard.  steamer 4(H 

Staiilev.  Jumes IID 

Staples,  (apt    (ieorge  W Illl 

.star  of  Oregon.  scluMuier 'Hi 

Slate  of  California,  steamship 'Jrts 

Steele,  William  A i:« 

StelTi lohn  F it4ft 

Stetson.Capt.  W.  F liMI 

.Stevens.  Cup:.  Irving H7 

.Strang  ('.(It.  .lames \fi 

Stump    I'homas ti^ 

Sulllv,.n,  Capl.  Edward  :IVI 

Hulton,  .lohn  41M 

Swain,  Waller  .KM 

Swanson,  Cupt. , lohn    41) 

Swift,  Cupt.  E.  A '.IKH 

T.  J.  Potter,  sleainer ;uwl 

TuckulM-rry,  Cupl.  J.  I) liKl 

'raconia.  steamer 311) 

Tlirle.  Capt.  .lames  W 'J'Jll 

'riitton,  Capt.  James  .'Ml 

Taylor,  Capl.  (Ieorge  W H7 

Ti'ilser.  steamer ;ta 

Telephone,  steamer 317.  3M 

TheOold late,  San  Francisco  447 

Thermopviie,  bark      ,1KI 

Thomas  O'orwin,  U.  s.  steamer i>4« 

Thomas,  John  T kh 

Thomus.  Cupt.  Owen 431 

Thompson.  . I.  A 4',»l 

Thompson.  (?upt.  John  *jii;i 

Thompson,  Robert  R Hi) 

Thorn.  Cupl.  Charles I.'rr 

TIbballs,  ('apt   H   L 114 

Tillle  E,  Slurbuck.  ship ;iai 

Triumph,  tug   471).  ;lll7 

Troup.  Capt.  Cliarles 'JHt 

Ti'iuip.  Capt.  Claude xv, 

Troup,  Cupt.  .lames ik1 

Tniiip.  William  H 43 

Tucker.  Capt.  Fruiiklie w 

Turntiiill,  ('apt.  James (Vi 

Tiirnliull,('iilit.  William  R 1411 

Turner,  Capt.  Fruuk  II 'jnn 

Turner,  Roller! 475 


rmiitlllti,  steumslilp 

Cmlirlna.  scluMiner 


4!ill 


Van  Aiikeu.  Cupt.  Henry K4 

Van  Duser,  Oliver  711 

Van  Tassell,  Philip isii 

Vancouver,  l!apl.  (Ieorge 7 

Venture,  schooner 4411 

Vera,  scliiHiner 4,14,  t,^] 

\  Ickers,  Aloti/o nd 

Vlckers.  Ellas 3H) 

Victoria  Sealluij  Fleet  Id  Winter  Quarters..  44(1 

Vlolorla,  U,  C r,i 

Victorian,  steamer 3*7 


f 


tI.U'aTRATION8 


xxiii 


ntn» 

«l 

Ml 

«• 

as 

m 

w 

M 

::::::::::;:;:;» 

«r 

Ml 

mi 

«« 

hiirlMir.  tt/l 

I.HU 

UN 

H* 

w 

mi 

'.[[.'.'.'.['..'.[[[[  aw 
am 

'.{eer. '.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.  141 

am 

M7 

«7 

m 

«« 

»i 

s» 

ner lU 

.,  IMH 

W 

U 

811) 

»H 

1*1 

IM 

Hi 

m 

IWI 

«» 

«« 

w 

« 

m 

— inn 

ins 

im 

ai 

IM 

im 

4*1 

4W1 

lai 

4)M 

Ill) 

Ill) 

lai 

aiH 

laB 

!!4ft 

liMII 

HT 

Vi 

IIP7 

;«) 

•*» 

,ii«i 

411 

-^'NH 

»M 

un 

3111 

sai 

.'«! 

w 

xa 

. .    317,  :ivi 
-w 

SKI 

'.Mil 

HH 

431 

4ai 

aw 

HI 

i:i7 

iia 

:t!3 

. . .  ■.Til.  .■«? 
.  .  ^»^ 

.-IIS 

IKl 

4.1 

w 

m 

lai 

aw 

•-•Tft 

«! 

4»l 

»ti 

7(1 

l.VI 

7 

4411 

...434.  lai 

lilt 

3111 

(jnnrlers..  44n 

".I 

3J7 


\'l\lt.  HI'lllNtlllT IN')  W 

Vllll'llll.  HtlMlllK'r KW  VV 

W 
W 

W   !■  Mii\  wiinl.miMailiiir Ml.  IIU  W 

Wiilll.  l'ii|il    W    I        K'V  W 

Wiikiriiiiii  I'liiil     Kilillir  IKl  VV 

Wiilhniri   l'ii|.l    .li.liM  T...   .'IM  VV 

Wulliir  ,r.i|iliilri               liVl  \V 

Willi   iM'iii'nil  .Imm'IiIi     13  \V 

WlllNlr..,  I'MIH    |lHil<l  ((..                 .••w  W 

VViilhr.v    Kiiih' In  Vli'iiirlii  llarlHir milll  W 

Willhrl,    llli'h.   ^rl iiT Ill  W 

Wiiliili'i'.r.  m'Ikhiiii'i'        (Ill  W 

Witrnii.  I'liiil    .httiii'H  II HIM  W 

Wiiispil,.    II    M,  H ail  W 

WushiMflMii.  .li'iiihiT    'inH  W 

W.iii.l.  I'lipl    II   H *«  \V 

Wi'lls,  lii|il    W    II UK  \V 

W.^l.i- Ciiiil    iliHiiiT  4.'«l  W 

Wi«lini  Sliiiri-.Hlilli  Ml  W 

\Vl■^l^|■||  .m.iiM.,  slfiillllT 'J7'J  W 

Wlillr..inl..  (  n|il    Kr.il.J ■JWl  \V 

Wiiiiriiiiiii.  iiipi  i;.iir«i'A Jii:i  W 

Whlli'iillih.  I'u|il    .liiilil'o  II '.1<3  W 


I*AI1K 

lillriillili.  I'llpl    .hilniK  I' 11113 

hlli'iilllh.  I'llpl    W     II *3 

lilliMiiuli  I'llliI    W    I' 11113 

hill'.  I'lipl    K    M Ml 

lilli'.l'illil    l.i'iiuttnl HI 

hill'.  H  H        gn 

hlli'li'V.  I'upl   -I'll 117 

I Ii'\.  \\    II 147 

llll'  Wl'Kl.   Mll'llllllT W 

l>fi/lli<<.  Wlllliiiii  II        K| 

llliillM'lli'l'lih'r.  sli'itllli'r      '.'13 

ilhi Ill' \  iiili'v. '•ii'iiniKhIp    313 

lllii|iii.  Hli'iiiiiir         .. 3tM 

lllliiin  lliiiili'r.  sli'iiiiii'r  .'(Il 

llliitiii  Iri  iii^'. '•li'iiiiii'r '.*7il 

lllliiin-.  ru|il   ChrU     , 17'J 

llllilili'-  riipl    .liiii'lill   IIVI 

illliiriiH  i'u|il    Itlrliaril  .'IN 

llllllllliiili.  I'llpl    ,1    It '.MH 

IllllUll^iiti  .lilllirs  T I.'i7 

illitiiiiMiii  I'ltiii   Wlilliiin  '.*IN 

llliiiik'hiil.  I'lilil.  Churli'H  II nil 

ll^iili.  I'lipl    I'Vi'il     .... IIA 

lUiiM.riiiii  'riiiiiiiiifj -Jill 

iImiiiii  IIiiiii  xii'umi-r 7il 


PAlll 

VVItiiinl.('il|il    ,1.  J Mk 

Wlliiiliiil.  K  M      ini 

WlhlirlHilhiilii.  II   .1    IHf 

Wiiir  I'liiH  .iiihn  II till 

WiukI.  I'lipl    Ah'Huiiili'r    Mil 

WiKHl.  iiipi   iii'iirtii'  \V ...  Ml 

Wiolli'v  I'uiii   WlllhimJ Nl 

WimmN.  KiUiiril  l> Mft 

WiMilirv.  I'liiH   .III »  II OH 

Wiirlh.  I'lipl    Kruiili                   Ml 

Wri'i'kof  M'hiHilii'r  Wlllliiili  I..  lll<l>lH' 4IH 

VVri'i'k  iif  sii'iiiiiNlilp  .Nnrtlitiruvr  — Ml 

Wrlxhl,  ili'iiruf  H M 

Wrlirhll'iipl    .liihii 'I' M 

Wrlifhl..liilinT..  .Ir    «• 

Wrluhl.TilliI    'riiiillii» M 

Wyuiihii'iiin    Tliri>lMri> M 

Vuklriiit.  sit'iiiiiiT.  liH 

Villi'.  11  I' fll 

Vll.M'llli|l'.   Mll'llIIIlT IW 

Zt'pliyr.  sti'iinti>r IM 


VVaI.IKK    a.    I:.»KI.K    ■    ANP    llrilHH    SK.A1.1MI    ScilnilNHHB    l.N    VKTOBH    HaHIIO 


S  i 


ciiAi'i  i:r   I, 


InCKNTIVKS  roK  MAKINK  KxTMIRATION  in  TIIK  PacII'IC  NoKTIIWKST  Mac.KI.I.AN  HnTKKS  TIIH  rACIlTC  - 
MKNI>ip/.A  DlSl'ATCIIKS  TIIK  FlKST  Fl.KKT  TO  SkAKCII  I'iiR  Tiri<  NoKTIlWI-ST  I'ASSAflK  AkKIVAI. 
Ol'   SiK    I'KANCIS    DkAKK    ANI>    TIIK    "  (iol.DHN     HiNK    "— JlAN    l)K    I'lCAS    DlSCOVKKY       VVkKCK    Oi'   TIIK 

Bkhswax  Siiip— Hkckta  Disckvkks  tiik  Kivi;k  St.  Roc— Captain  Cook's  Kxpi.okations— 
ri)Hi'r.(n.K  ANii  Dixon  Akhivk,  i7Hri  -Likitknant  Mkakks  and  tiik  "  Nootka  "  — I.ArNCiUNc,  oi' 
TIIK  Imkst  N'ksski.  in  tim;  N'oktiiwkstMi'Akks  ICntkks  Till-:  Stkaits  ok  Jian  i>k  FrcA— Abkivai, 
OK  (Ikav  and  Kknukick  with  tiik  "  Coi.i.miiia  "  and  "Lady  Wasiiincton  "—Spain  Ski/.ks 
AM.    Kkiiisii    Vksski.s    in    miik    Nortiiwkst   -Cakt.    (iiii>K(;K    X'anl'oi'vkk    Akkivhs    with    tiik 

"  DlSCOVKKV"    AND    "  Cll  ATII A  M  "    -CiK  A  Y    IvNI'KKS    AND    NaMKS    TIIK   Col.lMlllA      GROWTH    OK   TIIK    KlR 

Tkadk— Massackk  ok  tiik  Crkw  ok  tiik  Siiii-  "  Uoston"  — Kisk  and  Fai.i.  oi'  Astok's  Kntkrphisr 

AT  TIIK  MoiTH  OK  TIIK  Col.lMlllA  -FaTK;  oI'  TIIK  "  ToNoriN  "  — SCHOONKKS  "  N'ANCOIVKR  "  AND 
"DoI.I.Y"    I.Al'NCHKD    -W'KKCK    OK    TIIK    "Wll.l.IAM    AND    ANN"— TlIK    I'lONKKR    STKAMKK    "  HKAYKR" 

.\kkivi;s—I,oi. HOOKS  Ol  Stkami;r  "Ukavkk"  and  Schoonkr  " Vancoivkr"  — H.  .M.  S.  ".Silkiu'r," 

OOKINfi    Imckwiird    into   the   dim    and    sliadowy    past    until    historical    record    loses    itself    in    legend 
and  uncertain   tradition,  wc   find   that,   from   the   time  old    Father    Noah    started    on    his   celel)rated 
crnise  with  the  ark,  down  to  the  present  inoineiit,   the  men  who  navigated  the  waters  of  the  earth 
were    the    pioneers    of    civilization.      Centuries   before    steam    and    electricity    began    the  work 
of  building  modern    cities   with   magical    rai)idity,  the    mariner's   compass  was  nuidinj;  brave 
navigators    to    every    corner    of    this    globe,    enabling    them    to    lay    the     foundations    of    a 
civilization   which   has  since  brought  all   nations   on   the    face  of  the    earth    almost    within 
speaking  distance  of  each  other.     This   spirit    of  iiiaritime   coiupiest.   finding  no  other  worlds 
to  compter,  eventually  turned  its  attention  to  the  territory  which    it    had    already    brought    to 
the  notice  of  the  world,  and  it  is  of  the  growth  of  this  imlustry  in  the  Northwest  that  this  work  treats. 

Until  about  one  hundred  years  ago,  the  mariners  who  sailed  around  the  North  Pacific  Coast  paid  but  little 
attention  to  its  commercial  advantages,  but  instead  persisted  in  pursuing  that  marine  if^iiis  f'aliiiis,  the  Straits  of 
Anian.  This  mythical  body  of  water  was  heard  of  as  far  back  as  about  i.soj,  when  a  Portuguese  navigator, 
Claspar  Cortereal,  in  sailing  around  the  North  Atlantic  in  1499,  lost  himself  in  what  was  afterward  known  as 
Hud.son  Hay.  Cortereal  spent  considerable  lime  in  this  large  expanse  of  water,  and,  returning  home,  reported  that 
he  had  discovered  the  straits  which  were  supposed  to  connect  the  Atlantic  '.'ith  the  Pacific.  This  short  route  to 
the  Orient  he  chri.stened  the  "  Straits  of  Anian,"  a  name  whose  origin  has  always  been  enveloped  in  conflicting 
traditions  too  hazy  to  be  authentic,  some  historical  \vriters  even  claiming  that  Cortereal  was  not  responsible  for 
the  name,  and  that  it  originated  with  the  Cabots,  who  were  in  the  exploring  business  at  the  same  time.  Two 
oft-advanced  theories  of  the  origin  of  the  name  are  :  First,  that  it  was  taken  from  a  province  in  Asia  named  .Ania, 
or  the  Isle  of  Anian, — a  very  plausible  theory,  as  the  newly  discovered  waterway  was  .suppo.se<l  to  lead  to  these 
Oriental  provinces  ;  Second,  that  Cortereal  evolved  the  name  from  that  of  his  brother  Anus,  who  accompanied 
him  on  the  expedition  when  he  made  the  great  discovery. 

Inasmuch  as  no  less  an  important  navigator  than  Christopher  Columbus  had  spent  considerable  time  in 
searching  for  this  passage,  the  importance  of  Cortereal's  alleged  discovery  can  be  better  appreciated  ;  and  for  a 
great  many  years  the  merchants  of  the  Old  World  continued  wasting  their  money  trying  to  get  vessels  through  the 
mythical  straits.  Along  in  the  sixteenth  century  they  wearied  of  continually  sailing  up  against  the  eastern  coast, 
and  for  a  change  came  round  to  the  Pacific  to  l)egin  their  search  for  the  western  terminus  of  the  alleged  marine 
highway.     In  1519  Magellan  found  his  way  into  the  Pacific  via  ihe  straits  which  bear  his  name.     He  mistook 


Lewis  cf  Drydvn's  Mnrlne  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


\Ua 


Terra  del  Fuego  for  the  northern  end  of  another  continent,  and  Spain,  by  taking  possession  of  the  straits,  flattered 
herself  that  she  held  the  only  gateway  to  the  Pacific.  New  Spain  then  sprang  into  existence,  and  a  splendid 
trade  with  the  Orient  was  established.  The  Spaniards,  however,  paid  but  little  attention  to  the  Straits  of  Anian 
until  1542,  when  Don  Antonio  Mendoza,  who  presided  over  the  destinies  of  Central  America,  or  New  Spain, 
fitted  out  two  small  vessels,  the  San  Sahador  ?  .u\  the  Vidoiia,  and  sent  them  north  under  command  of  Juan 
Rodriguez  Cabrillo  to  seach  for  them.  Cabrillo  died  in  January,  1543,  and  HartolonK'  I'errelo,  who  .incceeded  him 
in  command  of  the  expedition,  continued  the  voyage,  reaching  about  the  44th  parallel,  where  he  landed,  returning, 
though,  without  making  any  special  discoveries.  Spain's  undisputed  sway  0:1  tiie  Pacific  continued  until  i,S7>>, 
when  Francis  Drake,  who  was  sometliing  less  of  a  pirate  than  Captain  Kidd,  came  through  the  Straits  of  Magellan 
with  the  Golden  f'ind,  and  proceeded  up  the  coast,  leaving  a  wake  of  terror  and  devastation  behind  him.  He 
plundered  the  ports  and  the  Spanish  galleons,  and  left  only  that  which  he  could  not  carry  away.  Fearing 
retribution  in  the  way  of  a  Si)anish  man-of-war  if  he  attempted  to  return  through  tlie  straits,  he  started  northward, 
hoping  to  find  the  .Straits  of  Anian.  Authorities  differ  as  to  the  latitude  reached  by  Drake,  4;,°  and  48°  both 
being  given  as  the  most  northerly  point  reached  by  him.  However,  he  failed  to  find  the  fabled  passage,  and 
turned  back  for  home  by  the  same  route  he  came,  stopping  on  the  way  for  five  weeks  on  the  Californian  coast 
in  what  is  now  known  as  Drake's  Bay. 

He  reached  I-'ngland  with  his  rich  cargo  uf  plunder,  was  knighted  and  made  much  of,  and  the  days  of 
Spanish  supremacy  on  the  Pacific  were  numbered  ;  for  Drake's  success  induced  a  great  number  of  others  to  follow 
in  his  tracks  and  .spread  ruin  among  the  possessions  of  New  Spain.  Among  the  most  noteworthy  of  the.se 
freebooters  was  Thomas  Cavendish,  and   many  prizes   fell   to  his  lot,  the  most  prominent  historically  l)eiiig  the 

Sania  Anna,  a  .Spanish  Kast  India  vessel  which  had  been  dispatched  in 
search  of  the  straits.  The  crew  of  the  Santa  Anna  included  two  men 
whose  names  were  destined  to  live  in  history, — ^Juan  de  Fuca  and 
Sebastian  Vizcaino.  After  the  capture  of  their  ves.sel  they  drifted  back 
to  Mexico,  and  five  years  later,  in  1592,  De  Fuca  set  sail  from  San  Bias 
in  a  small  Spanish  vessel  and  immortalized  himself  by  di.scovering  what 
was  then  thought  to  be  the  Northwest  Passage,  but  which  is  now  known 
as  tlie  straits  which  bear  his  name. 

Of  Juan  de  Fuca  but  little  is  known,  and  tlie  most  authentic 
account  of  his  discovery  is  in  a  historical  collection  called  "The 
Pilgrims,"  published  in  1625  by  Samuel  Purchas.  In  this  a  note  by 
Michael  Lock,  the  elder,  reads  as  follows : 

"I  met  ill  Venice,  in  I,S95.  an  olil  Greek  niiiriner  calkil  Juan  rle  I'lU'a,  hul 
wlio.se  real  name  was  .Vposlolo.s  Valerianos,  who  .slated  that  in  1592  he  sailed  in  a 
small  caravel  from  Mexico  in  the  service  of  Spain,  alon^  tlie  ."oasts  of  Mexico  and 
California,  until  he  came  to  the  latitude  of  47  ,  and  there,  finding  that  the  land 
trended  north  and  northeast,  with  a  liroad  inlet  of  sea,  helween  47  anil  4,S'  of 
latitude,  he  entere<l,  sailing;  therein  more  than  twenty  days;  and  at  tlie  eiurance  of 
the  said  strait  there  is.  (jii  the  northwest  coast  thereof,  a  jifreat  headland  or  island, 
with  an  exceeding  hij:;li  liinnacle  or  spired  rock,  like  a  pillar  thereupon." 


SIK    FK.V.NCIi    l)K.\Ki; 


Many  historical  writers  have  (juestioned  tiie  trutli  of  De  Fuca's 
story,  but  there  are  .so  many  reasons  for  believing  that  it  is  in  the  main 
correct,  that  it  will  be  generally  accepted  as  history.  Inasmuch  as  it  is  not  recorded  in  which  direction  or  how- 
fast  he  sailed,  he  may  have  strayed  into  the  Gulf  of  (Veorgia  and  circumnavigated  Vancouver  Islar.d  in  his 
twenty-day  trip.  The  principal  grounds  on  which  many  historians  based  their  argiiments  for  doubting  the 
story  of  De  Fuca's  discovery  .seem  to  have  been  the  existence  of  numberless  iiicredil)le  tales  of  voyages  through 
the  alleged  straits,  which  had  a  tendency  to  throw  discredit  on  a  genuine  discovery. 

De  Fuca's  old  shipmate,  Sebastian  Vizcaino,  came  north  in  160,^  under  orders  from  King  Philip  III., 
reaching  .\\'  north,  where  he  discovered  a  river,  probal)ly  the  Umpqua,  but  was  uiia1)le  to  enter  it  and  returned 
to  Acapulco,  the  captain  and  his  pilot,  Antonio  Flores,  dying  on  the  way  back.  This,  for  a  time,  .settled  the 
.search,  but  many  still  believed  the  story  told  by  De  Fuca,  although  nearly  a  couple  of  centuries  rolled  by  before 
Spain  made  any  gr^at  effort  to  again  find  the  long-sought-for  straits. 

In  1772,  according  to  well-authenticated  stories  and  traditions,  one  of  Spain's  Oriental  fleet,  while  on  a 
voyage  from  China,  laden  with  beeswax  and  Chinese  bric-a-brac,  was  blown  to  the  northward  and  wrecked  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  Most  historical  writers  have  given  the  location  of  this  wreck  as  being  on  the 
north  side  of  the  Columbia,  but  there  is  a  strong  probability  that  the  scene  of  the  wreck  was  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Nehalem  River,  at  which  place  large  quantities  of  beeswax  have  been  and  are  still  being  found.  Aside  from  the 
presence  of  the  beeswax  and  other  traces  of  the  wreck,  the  Tillamook  Indians  have  had  the  story  handed 
down  with  considerable  accuracy.  Adam,  a  Tillamook  chief  who  died  at  Tillamook  a  few  years  ago,  and  who 
was  a  remarkably  intelligent  Indian,  told  the  writer  that  his  father,  when  a  young  man,  had  witnessed  tlie  wreck, 
and  that  all  of  the  crew  were  drowned.  As  Adam  was  over  one  hundred  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  death,  there 
is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  Nehalem  beeswax  ship,  of  which  so  much  has  been  written,  was  identical  with  the 
one  wrecked  in   1772. 


It 


■'% 


Eciiiivst  VoyHc/ea  in  tliv  Northwest,    Advent  of  Steam  Navigation 


lie  straits,  flattered 
ice,  and  a  splendid 
le  Straits  of  Anian 
ca,  or  New  Spain, 
command  of  Juan 
vho  .succeeded  him 

landed,  returning, 
tinned  until  1.S7.S, 
straits  of  Magellan 

behind  him.  He 
•  away.  Fearing 
started  northward, 
4;,°  and  4,S°  both 
ibled  passage,  and 
e  Oalifornian  coast 

jf,  and  the  days  of 
of  others  to  follow 
iteworthy  of  these 
torically  being  the 
jeen  dispatched  in 
included  two  men 
lan  de  Fnca  and 
they  drifted  back 
sail  from  San  Ulas 
;  discovering  what 
lich  is  now  known 

le  most  authentic 
ion  called  "  The 
In  this  a  note  by 

1  Jiiaii  (le  iMioa,  but 
15112  liu  sailed  in  a 
oasis  of  Mexico  and 
ndinn  lliat  llie  land 
cen  47  and  4S'  of 
d  al  tile  entrance  of 

lieadland  or  island, 
•eupon." 

itli  of  i)e  Kuca's 
I  it  is  in  the  main 
direction  or  how 
ver  Islar.d  in  his 
for  doubting  the 
voyages  through 

<iiig  Philip  HI., 

M-  it  and  returned 

time,  .settled  the 

rolled  by  before 

fleet,  while  on  a 
ml  wrecked  near 
as  being  on  the 
the  mouth  of  the 
Aside  from  the 
he  story  handed 
irs  ago,  aud  who 
lessed  the  wreck, 
f  his  death,  there 
lentical  with  the 


CaI'T.  JAMKS  C(H»K 


in  August,  1774,  Juan  Perez  in  command,  the  Spanish  transport  Sa/i//aj>o  discovered  the  west  coast  of 
Queeu  Charlotte's  Island,  aud  entered  what  Captain  Cook  afterward  called  Nootka  Sound.  From  there  Perez 
sailed  .south  and  found  nothing.     In  1775  Perez  was  followed  by  two  other  vessels,  the  Saiiliniro  aud  the  Soitora, 

the  former  in  command  of  Hruno  Ileceta,  with  Perez  as  pilot,  the  other  by 
Lieut.  Bodega  Quadra.  Tlie  Sdii/ingo  made  the  land  in  48°  27'  and  crept 
cautiou.sly  down  the  coast,  keeping  close  in-.shore,  but  failing  to  find  the 
much-sought  straits.  Ileceta,  however,  came  very  near  blundering  on  a  most 
imiioitaut  discovery.  He  sailed  up  to  the  mouth  of  a  .seeming  large  river, 
but,  being  unable  to  enter,  he  concluded  it  was  of  no  great  importance,  and 
sailed  away  after  naming  the  high  promontory  at  its  entrance  Cape  St.  Roc, 
a  name  which  the  Spaniards  afterward  transferred  to  the  river,  although  it 
was  left  for  an  American  to  rediscover  and  make  known  its  grand  commercial 
advantages.  Quadra,  who  was  accompanied  by  Antonio  Maurelle  as  pilot, 
went  up  as  far  as  sH°.  l)ut,  like  his  superior  ofiicer,  returned  to  San  Hlas  with 
nothing  of  importance   to  report. 

In  [776  Capt.  James  Cook,  with  his  .ships  Rcvoliilioii  and  Discoveiv,  did 
considerable  exploring  in  North  Pacific  waters.  He  also  was  looking  for  the 
Straits  of  Juan  de  Fnca,  and  sailed  right  up  to  Cape  Flattery,  which  he  named. 
He  did  not  waste  nuich  time  in  this  vicinity,  and  ornamented  his  log-book 
with  a  sneering  reference  to  De  Fnca' s  discovery,  that  has  since  been  frequently 
([uoted  as  an  argument  against  the  truth  of  it,  although  it  certainly  reflects 
more  discredit  on  Cook  than  on  the  old  Greek  navigator.  The  entry  in  Cook's  log  reads  as  follows:  "It 
is  in  this  very  latitude  where  we  now  are  that  geographers  have  placed  the  pretended  Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca. 
Hut  we  saw  nothing  like  it,  nor  is  there  the  least  ))robability  that  ever  any  such  existed."  He  then  sailed 
for  Nootka  Sound,  which  he  reached  safely.  Cook  went  north  from  Nootka  and  discovered  Cook's  Inlet, 
thence  to  Bristol  Bay  and  named  Cape  Prince  of  Wales,  crui.sed  around  the  Alaskan  coast  and  islands  for  a  long 
time,  aud  then  went  south  in  Jaiuiary,  1778,  discovering  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and  naming  them  after  Lord 
Sandwich.  March  7,  1778,  he  sighted  land  near  the  Umpqua  River,  but  was  driven  to  the  .south,  afterward 
going  north  again.  Following  Cook  in  1779,  the  Spaniards  sent  north  their  farewell  exploring  expedition.  The 
vessels  Fiivon'hi  and  /'niicisa,  coiruiauded  by  Lieutenants  Arteaga  and  Quadra,  sailed  from  San  Bias  early  in 
February,  and  spent  nearly  the  entire  year  exploring  the  Northwest  coast,  a  greater  part  of  the  time  being  spent 
in  Alaska.  On  their  return  the  King  of  Spain  decided  that  they  owned  the  Northwest  coast  and  that  further 
exploration  was  umiecessary.  Several  years  elap.sed  before  the  arrival  of  another  ve.s.sel,  but  in  April,  1785, 
Ca])t.  James  Hauna,  with  a  si.xty-ton  brig  and  a  crew  of  twenty  men,  .sailed  from  Canton  and  arrived  at  Nootka 
in  August.  Hauna  must  have  been  reasonably  successful,  for  he  returned  with  a  larger  ve.s.sel  the  following  year, 
the  Sra  Olli-r,  120  tons.  The  same  year  a  mercantile  association  .styled,  "The  King  George's  Sound  Company," 
was  formed  in  Loidon.  This  as.sociation  fitted  out  two  ships,  the  h'iiig  Croixr.  commanded  by  Capt.  Nathaniel 
Portlock,  aud  the  O/itrii  C'/'itu/c//i\  Capt.  George  Di.xon.  These  ships'  sailed  from  London  in  August,  arriving  at 
Cook's  Iidet  July  ly,  17S6.  Portlock,  on  coming  up  from  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
went  into  Coal  Harbor,  Cook  ,  Inlet  and  to  use  his  own  words  was  "not  a  little 
mortified"  to  find  representatives  of  .some  other  nation  there  ahead  of  him.  The.se 
were  some  Russians,  who  had  left  their  vessel  at  Kodiak  aud  were  down  there  on  a 
trading  expedition  in  small  boats. 

Portlock  sailed  fro.n  Cook's  Inlet  for  Nootka,  but  could  not  reach  it  and  so 
returned  to  the  islands.  He  came  back  to  Nootka  again  in  May,  17.S7,  and  found 
the  snow-  A'oolka,  in  command  of  Lieut.  John  Mearcs  of  the  ICuglish  navy,  who 
had  left  Bengal  in  May,  "So,  and,  arriving  at  Prince  William's  Sound  in  October, 
had  wintered  there,  many  of  his  ciew  dying  of  scurvy.  The  Sia  Ollrr.  Captain 
Tipping,  had  been  there  ahead  of  the  A'oo/Zm  aud  gathered  up  so  many  furs  that 
Portlock  decided  to  push  on  for  King  ticorge's  Sound  at  once.     He  traded  there  a 

while  and  then  went  to  China  and  thence  to  Ivngland.  The  Noolka  was  flying  the  cmt.  NArnAMKE.  poktukk 
flag  of  the  Fast  fndia  Company,  which  had  dispatched  two  vessels  from  Calcutta,  I'^oinapriin  puiiii»iiedni  i.on.iun,  l:^., 
one  of  which  was  lost  ofl"  the  coast  of  Kamchatka.  The  Koothi.  however,  nuide  a  safe  aud  prosperous  voyage. 
The  Bombay  merchants,  under  the  direction;-,  of  James  Strange,  .sent  two  vessels  at  the  same  time  that 
Meares  .set  out  from  Bengal.     They  were  the  snow  Coplaiii  Cook,  Captain  Lori<',  three  hundred  tons,  and  the  snow 

'  '•'''<-'  Queen  ( 'liiiil,itle''i  ullicers  \vere  :  Captain,  Cteor^fe  Dixon  ;  mates,  John  IC  Carew,  James  Turner,  CteorKe  White  ;  surgeon, 
William  Lander  ;  assistant  trailer,  William  Hercsford  ;  steward,  Henry  I''orrester ;  lio.itswain,  John  C.atenliv;  carpeiUer,  John  Sailler  ; 
and  twenty-four  seamen.  The  Kill);  (,'etiii;i;  ,120  tons,  was  ollicered  by  the  following  :  Captain,  Natlianiel't'ortlock  ;  mates,  WiUian! 
Mcl.eoil,  Samuel  llayward,  John  Christlemau  ;  surgeon,  James  llo^an  ;  traders,  Kobert  Hill,  William  Wilbve  ;  boatswain,  .Vrchibalil 
llrown  ;  carpeiUer,  Robert  Horn  ;  and  fifty  seamen  and  boys. 

'  A  sipiure-riji^ted  vessel,  differing  from  a  bri),'  only  in  that  she  l.as  a  trvsail  mast  close  abaft  tlie  mainmast,  on  which  a  larue 
trysail  is  hoi.stcd. 


JKAN   1-RANClS  GALAIP   DE   LA 
PICKOUSK 

Chefd'enadtf  lies  Armic!-  SaviiU-s 
From  a  print  ptllilistled  in  1791 


/.eiv/s  (|  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Experiiiit'iil,  Captain  Guise,  one  hundred  tons.  Captain  Peters  sailed  from  Macao  in  July  in  the  snow  Lark,  220 
tons,  with  forty  men,  and  went  to  Kamchatka  ;  hut  on  his  return  the  %'essel  was  wrecked  on  Copper  Island,  and 
all  but  two  were  drowned.     The  principal  object  of  these  vessels  was  trade,  but  none  of  them  lost  sight  of  the 

standing  offer  of  /,"20,ck3o  made  by  ICngland  to  any  liritish  subject  who  would 
di.scover  and  sail  through  any  passage  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  north  of 
52°,  and  they  were  all  anxious  to  find  the  mythical  straits.  I,a  Perouse,  who  was 
among  the  arrivals  in  1786,  having  been  sent  by  the  French  government,  paid  more 
attention  to  exploration  and  discovery  than  any  of  the  others  ;  and  his  account  of  his 
voyages  was  a  most  valued  addition  to  the  historical  knowledge  of  this  new  country. 
In  1787  the  Kast  India  ship  Imperial  A'<ft,'/(',  Captain  liarclay,  while  on  a 
trading  voyage  to  the  North'vest  coast,  during  which  he  gave  Destruction  Island  its 
name,  on  accouni  of  having  a  boat's  crew  murdered  by  the  Indians  at  that  place, 
came  into  the  entrance  of  the  mysterious  straits,  but  went  no  farther.  The  same 
year  the  ships  Princess  Royal  and  the  JViiicc  of  IVales  were  added  to  the  trading  fleet, 
and  late  in  the  year  the  ships  ftliir  and  fpliegiiiia.  flying  the  Portuguese  flag,  but 
owned  and  managed  by  Knglishmen,  sailed  from  China,  the  Felice  being  under  the 
command  of  Capt.  John  Meares,  who  had  sailed  the  Noolka  two  years  before.  .She  arrived  at  Nootka 
Sound  May  13,  1788,  and  Meares  immediately  traded  a  pair  of  pistols  with  an  Indian  chief  named  Maquinna 
for  a  lease  of  the  countrj'  thereabouts.  He  erected  a  hou.se  and  stockade  and  detailed  a  portion  of  the  crew 
of  the  Iphcgenia  to  begin  building  a  schooner.  This  vessel  was  named  the  Northaest  America,  and  was  the 
first  vessel  built  in  the  Northwest.  While  t'  j  .schooner  was  building,  Captain  Meares  left  by  the  Felice  on 
the  28th  of  June  for  a  coasting  crui.se  southward,  in  the  cour.se  of  which  he  lifted  a  load  of  reproach  from  the 
memory  of  that  ancient  mariner,  Juun  de  Fuca.  On  June  29th,  at  3:00  i'.  .m.,  Meares,  who  had  been  posted  by 
Captain  Barclay  of  the  Imperial  Eagle  as  to  the  existence  of  the  straits  lying  south  of  Vancouver  Island, 
entered  and  recognized  them  as  being  identical  with  those  which  De  Fuca  had  mistaken  for  the  Straits  of  Anian. 
He  promptly  righted  the  wrong  done  by  Cook,  when  he  questioned  the  existence  of  De  Fuca's  straits,  by 
giving  them  the  name  of  the  original  discoverer,  Juan  de  Fuca.  Meares  then  sailed  .icross  the  straits  and 
had  an  interview  with  Tatoosh,  chief  of  the  Indian  tribe  in  that  vicinity,  perjjetuating  his  name  by 
christening  the  island  at  the  entrance  to  the  straits  after  him.  The /•(//((■  continued  to  the  southward,  Meares 
sighting  and  naming  Shoilwater  Bay,  calling  what  is  now  known  a*  Tokes  Point,  Cape  Shoalwater,  and 
Leadbetter  Point,  Low  Point  After  naming  Shoa'-vater  Hay,  he  bore  away  to  the  southward  and  came 
decidedly  near  to  discovering  tht  Columbia.     His  journal  of  July  6th  reads  as  follows  : 

"A  hi>;li  bliifT  prov.ioiitory  bore  off  us  S.  K.  at  the  I'.'.slain'e  of  only  four  leagues,  foi-  whicli  w     steered  to  iloulilc,  with  tlie 
hope  that  het\vt'*ii  it  ami  Cape  Shoalw-Uer  we  shoulil  fim .  some  sort  of  a  harbor.     We  now  ilisoovered  ilistaiit  land  beyond  this 
promontory,  and  pleased  ourselves  with  the  expeetation  of  it  being  Cape  St.  Roc  of  the  Spaniards,  near  which  they  are  said  to  have 
Ibund  a  good  port.     Uy  halt*  past  eleven  we  doubled  this  cape  at  llie  distance  ol"  three  miles,  liaving  a  clear  and  i)erfeci  \'iew  of  the  shore 
in  every  part,  on  whicli  we  did  not  discern  a  living  creature  or  the  least  trace  of  habitable  life.     \  prodigious  easterly  swell  lolled  on 
the  shore,  and  tile  soundings  gradiudly  decreased  from  forty  to  but  lit'leeu  fathoms  over  a  h.ard,  sandy  bottom.      After  we  had 
rounded  the  pro'uoulory  a  large  bay,  as  we  had  imagined,  opened  on  our  view,  that  bore  a  very  promising  appe.iraiue  and  into 
which  we  ^.teered  with  every  encouraging  e\pectaliou.     The  high  land  that  formed  the  bomidaries  of  the  bay  was  at  a  great  tlistance, 
and  a  llat,  level  country  occupieil  the  intervening  space  ;  the  bay  itself  look  rather  a  westerly  direction.     .\s  we  steered  in,  the  water 
shoaled  to  nine,  eight  and  seven  lathoms,  when  breakers  were  seen  from  the  deck  right  ahead,  anil  from  the  masthead  they  were 
observed  to  e.\ten(i  across  the  bay.     We  therefore  haided  out  and  directed  our  course  to 
the  opi)osite  shore  to  see  if  there  was  any  channel  or  if  we  coidd  discover  an\'  port.     The 
name  of  Cape  Disappoinlinenl  was  given  to  the  imimontory,  and  the  bay  obtained  the  title 
of  Deception  Hay.     Uy  an  iudilTerent  meridian  observation,  it  lies  in   the   latitude   46- m 
north,  and  in  the  computed  longitude  of  i.vi  .^4  "est  (true  position  46-16  ;,,^  north,  124.V  14 
east'l.     We  can  now  safely  assert  th-t  no  such  river  as  that  of  St.  Roc  exists  as  laid  ilowu 
in  the  Spanish  charts.     To  those  of  Maurelle   we  made  continual  reference,  but  withonl 
deriving  any  information  or  assistance  from  tliem.     We  now  reached  the  ojipositc  side  of 
the  bay,  where  disappointment  continued  to  accouipany  us  ;  and,  being  idmost  certain  that 
there  we  should  obtain  no  place  of  shelter  for  the  ship,  we  bore  up  for  a  ilistant  heailland, 
keeping  our  course  within  two  miles  of  shore." 

Not  finding  the  river  St.  Roc,  Meares  sailed  back  to  Barclay  Sound, 
giving  Cape  Beale  its  name  on  his  arrival.  He  then  dispatched  his  long-boat 
on  an  exploring  and  trading  trip  down  Ihi.  straits.  She  got  as  far  as  SiMi  Juan 
Inlet,  where  the  .savages  gave  the  crew  a  hard  battle.  'l"he  long-boat  had 
sailed  nearly  eighty  miles  in  the  straits  and  saw  no  indications  of  it  les.seiiing 
in  size,  and  on  their  return  he  write:  "Such  an  extraordinary  circum- 
stance filled  us  with  strange  conjectures  as  to  the  eastern  extremity  of  this 
strait,  which  we  concluded  at  all  events  could  not  be  at  any  great  distance 
from  Hudson  Bay.'' 

When  Meares  returned  to  Nootka,  the  Iplugcnia  and  the  new  schooner 
NorthuesI  America  were  about  ready  for  sea,  the  latter  vessel  leaving  the  ways 
.soon  after  his  arrival.     Regarding  this  most  important  event,  Meares' journal  of  September  20,  1788,  contains 
the  following  : 

"  At  noon  an  event  to  whicli  we  liad  so  long  looked  with  anxious  expectation,  and  had  been  the  fruit  of  so  much  care  and 
labinir,  was  ripe  for  accoiiiplishment.    The  vessel  was  then  ready  to  <|iiil  the  slocks,  and,  to  give  all  dii_  honour  to  such  an  iiiiport.-,nt 


CAI'T.  JnH»I  Mkakks 
I-roni  n  iirir  i  pnlilisheil  in  I7:<t 


r* 


^ 


f 


4 


Earliest  Voyages  in  the  Northwest,  Advent  of  Steam  Navigation 


■1,  contains 


scene,  we  adopten,  i^  l.ir  as  was  in  onr  power,  the  ceremony  of  other  dock-yards.  As  soon'as  the  tide  was  at  its  proper  height,  the 
KuKlish  ensi){ii  was  .lisplaytd  on  the  sliore  and  on  board  the  new  vessel,  which  at  the  proper  moment  was  named  the  .\oillnvffl 
.  Iiiiiiia),  as  bcinK  tlie  first  bottom  ever  built  and  lannchcd  in  this  part  of  the  ({''>''>-'•  't  was  a  moment  of  i.mch  expectation  ; 
the  ciicnmstances  of  onr  sitnation  made  ns  look  to  it  with  more  than  common  hope.  Maipiinna,  Callicnm,  and  a  larf;e  liody  of  their 
people  wlio  had  received  infornnition  of  the  launch,  were  come  to  behold  it.  The  Chinese  carpenters  did  not  very  well  conceive  ihe 
last  operation  of  a  business  in  which  thev  themselves  had  been  so  much  and  so  materially  concerned,  nor  sh.-Ul  we  f'  r^et  to 
mention  the  chief  of  the  .San<hvich  Islands,  whose  every  power  w.as  absorbed  in  the  business  that  approached,  and  who  had  determined 
to  be  on  board  the  vessel  when  slie  glided  into  the  water.  The  presence  of  the  .Vmericans  ou^jht  also  to  be  considered  when  we  are 
describing  the  attendant  ceremony  of  '.'.lis  important  crisis,  which,  from  the  labour  that  produced  it,  the  scene  that  surroumlcd  ii,  the 
spectators  that  behehl  it,  aucl  tile  commercial  advantaj^es  as  well  as  civilizing  ideas  connected  with  it,  will  attach  some  little 
ciinsei|Uence  to  its  procecdiuK  in  the  miiul  of  the  philosopher  as  well  as  in  the  view  of  the  politician,  but  our  suspense  was 
not  of  long  duration.  On  the  firing  of  a  gun,  the  vessel  started  from  the  ways  like  a  shot;  indeed  she  went  olf  with  so  nnich  velocity 
that  she  had  ne;uly  made  her  way  out  of  the  harbor:  for  the  fact  was  that,  not  beinj^  very  nnicli  accustomed  to  this  business,  we  had 
forgotten  to  place  an  anchor  and  cable  on  board  to  bring  her  np,  which  is  the  usual  ])ractice  on  these  occasions.  The  boats,  however, 
soon  towed  lu-r  to  her  intetuled  statitni,  and  in  a  short  time  the  Noytliuwst .  Iint'n'i<i  was  am'hored  close  to  the  Ip/u'm'ftiti  and  h't'litt'. 

Commenting  on  the  surprise  expres.sed  by  Tianna,  the  Kanaka  chief,  Meares  .says  ; 

"  Nor  were  the  natives  of  the  Sound  who  were  present  at  this  ceremony  less  impressed  by  a  series  of  operations,  the  simplest 
of  which  was  far  above  their  comprehension  ;  in  short  this  business  did  not  fail  to  raise  us  still  higher  in  their  good  opinion 
and  to  afford  them  better  and  more  correct  notions  than  they  hitherto  possessed  of  the  superiority  of  civili/.ed  over  savage  life." 

The  schooner  was  of  about  forty  tons  hnrdeii,  and  Robert  Funter  was  placed  in  command. 

September  2,Sth  Meares  sailed  for  Canton,  followed  on  the  27111  of  October  by  the  //>h(xriiia  and  the  A'oit/i- 
..  I. it  Aiiicfiiti.  Kleven  days  before  he  .sailed,  Capt.  Robert  Gray  and  Capt.  John  K'endrick  arrived  with  the  brig 
\Vashiiif;/i»!  and  the 
ship  Columbia.  The 
expedition  of  Gray 
and  Kendrick  with 
the  Columbia  and 
Washing  Ion  was  one 
of  the  results  of  the 
publication  of  Cook's 
journal  of  his  third 
voyage.  The  Boston- 
iatis  read  with  a  great 
deal  of  interest  how 
the  natives  of  this 
far-away  country 
willingly  bartered 
away  valuable  .sea- 
otter  and  other  furs, 
worth  from  520  to 
$100  each,  for  a  few 
beads,  knives  or  cheap 
brass  trinkets ;  and, 
in  order  to  be  among 
the  first  in  the  field, 
J  o  s  e  ])  h  U  a  r  r  e  1 1 , 
Charles  Bullfinch, 
John  Derby,  Capt. 
C  rowel  1  Hatch,  of 
Boston    and   vicinity. 

and  John  M.  Pintard,  of  \ew  York,  formed  a  stock  company  and  purchased  the  shi])  Coltni/bio,  and  a  consort  for 
her  called  the  \\  asliiiigloii.  a  yo-ton  sloop.  These  vessels  were  dispatched  from  Boston,  .September  ,^0,  I7,S7, 
the  (  oliimbia''  in  command  of  Capt.  John  Kendrick  and  the  U'.'sliiiigloii  in  command  of  Capt.  Kol>ert  Gray. 
Inasmuch  as  the  Col/iii/bia  was  the  first  American  vessel  to  carry  the  Stars  and  Stripes  around  the  globe  and  the 
first  vessel  to  enter  tlie  great  river  of  the  West,  to  which  her  name  was  given,  and  by  which  she  gave  the  I'liited 
Stales  title  to  that  magnificent  domain  now  represented  by  the  States  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho, 
more  than  passing  notice  must  be  given  of  her  first  voyage. 

The  Columbia  and  her  consort  made  a  good  run  to  the  Cape  \'erde  Islands,  where  they  remained  for  nearly 
two  months,  vSimon  WoodrufT,  the  mate,  and  Dr.  Roberts,  the  surgeon,  leaving  the  Columbia  there.  The  voyage 
was  resumed  on  the  2,Slh  of  I'V'bruary,  i7,S.s.     They  encountered  very  heavy  weather  for  a  month,  and  on  April  ist 


L.^fNcnisi,  oi-  ScunoNKw  •■  Nimi  II  rttsr  .amkkka."  SKi-rKMnhK  jo,  17SS 
I'luiii  ;i  iliawin^  by  Capt.  John  Meares 


rile  ship  Colinuhiii  was  built 


\  by  James  Hriggs,  at  Hohart's  Lauding,  on  North  River.     ,Sli 


2iJ  tons  burden,  two  decks,  and  mounted  teu  guns.     Capt.  John  Kendrick  was  an  evpcricnced  ollicer,  about  forty-five  \ 


In 


e  took  coniniand  of  the  ('.'/«»;/)/if.     He  had  ilonc  considerable  privateering  during  the  kevohilicu 


vhen  1 

en  in  charge  of  several  mercbant  vessels.     .Xfter  bis  second  trip  froiii  this  coast  be 
aud.llostou,  and  w,is  acciileutally  killed  at  Hawaii  about   iSi»i.      Co/uiiibia's  ere 
Joseph    Ingrain 


tt:id 


Vpnl 

e  was  a  full-rigged  shi|i  of 

ears  of  age 

bad 


id  after  ibi 


iiig  between  the  .Sandwii  b  Islands 


I'"irst  mate.  Simon  Woodrun  ; 


third  mate,   Robert   Ilaswell  ;    boatswain,  John   H.    Conlis;   cleik,    Ricbaid  S.   IK 


id  mate. 


i 


astronomer,  J.  Nutting  ;  male  on  the  sloop,  Davis  Cooliilge 


iirgeoii,   Iir.    Uoberls ; 


P"P 


mt 


Ml 


I 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marino  Histury  of  thi>  Pacific  Northwest 


lost  sight  of  each  other  in  latitiule  57-57  and  longitude  42-40  west,  each  vessel  proceeding  indeiiendently  the 
rest  of  the  way.  In  June  the  Washiit^loH  caught  the  northeast  trade  and  came  along  <iuite  lively,  sighting  the 
coast  of  New  Albion,  near  Cape  Mendocino,  August  2d.  A  few  Indians  came  ahoard  at  this  point,  l)ut  they  con- 
tinued on  up  the  coast,  in  latitude  44-20  sighting  what  Gray  noted  in  his  log-l)ook  as  "the  entrance  of  a  large 
river,  where  comn'"rcial  advantages  might  be  reaped  "  (probably  tlie  Alsea  River).  At  Cape  Lookout  some  of  the 
men  went  a.shore.  and,  in  a  skirmish  with  the  nacives,  a  colored  lioy  who  had  been  .shipped  at  St.  Jago  was  killed 
and  a  sailor  .severely  wounded.  Captain  Gray  lost  no  time  in  getting  away  from  this  unpleasant  place,  which  he 
gave  the  name  of  Murderer's  Harbor  although  Haswell,  the  mate,  wrote  in  his  logbook  that  he  thought  it  must 
be  "  the  entrance  of  the  river  of  the  West  and  not  a  safe  place  for  any  but  a  very  small  ves.sel  to  enter."  Tliis 
mythical  "Great  River"  had  been  looked  for  by  explorers  all  the  way  from  Lower  California  to  Alaska,  and 
when  Ciray  was  .so  near  it,  as  he  must  have  been  when  his  trouble  with  the  natives  occurred,  he  was  unfortunate 
enough  to  have  such  a  good  breeze  that  he  sailed  right  past  a  considerable  length  of  coast  without  standing  in, 
therel)y  postponing  his  great  discovery  four  years.  On  the  i6th  of  .\ugust  they  arrived  at  Nootka  Sound,  where 
they  met  with  a  kindly  reception  from  Meares  and  Douglas  of  the  Felice  and  Ifihcc^enia  ;  and  three  days  later  they 
joined  with  the  English  in  celebrating  the  launch  of  the  first  vessel  built  in  the  Northwest,  the  schooner 
Noiiliuvsl  Amcrha,  previously  mentioned.  A  week  later  the  Columbia  arrived.  She  had  lost  two  men  by  scurvy, 
and  many  of  her  crew  were  in  a  terrible  condition.  After  parting  with  the  \V<nliiiis;toii  she  had  encountered 
terrific  gales,  and  put  in  at  Juan  Fernandez  for  repairs,  sailing  seventeen  days  later.  Hoth  crews  remained  at 
Friendly  Cove  on  Nootka  Sound,  where  they  did  some  very  profitable  trading,  in  one  place  securing  $S,ooo  worth 
of  sea-otter  skins  for  about  $100  worth  of  cheap  chi.sels. 

In   17.S9  the  \Vitshinfiton  started  on  a  cruise,  during  which  Gray  visited  the  islands  of  the  north,  giving 


names  to  Cape  Ingraham, 
Island,  Derby  Sound, 
i  n  g  t  o  n '  s  Island,  now 
Island.  When  they  returned 
Spaniards  c'ainiing  .sov- 
The  Iphcgcnia  and  the  new 
returned  to  Nootka  Sound 
their  arrival  by  the  Spaniards, 
vessels  Princess  Royal,  .Ii^o- 
attempting  to  form  e.stablish- 
their  dominion.  The  vessels 
an  arrangement  made  between 
London  by  which  Spain  was 
to  the  British,  Captain  \'an- 
.see  that  this  arrangement  was 
Wliile  the  Spanish  h;.d 
they  indulged  in  a  little 
account:  and  in  the  year  1790 


Ship  ■'  Coi.rMiuA" 


Pintard  Sound,  Hatch's 
Barren's  Inlet  and  Wash- 
known  as  Queen  Charlotte's 
to  Nootka,  they  found  the 
ereignty  over  all  that  region, 
schooner  Noiltr,cest  America 
in  A  jril  and  were  .seized  on 
who  also  gathered  in  the 
iiaiit  and  Prince  of  Wales  for 
ments  in  what  they  called 
were  afterward  released  and 
the  Courts  of  Madrid  and 
to  restore  all  property  .seized 
couver  being  connnissioned  to 
carried  out. 

possession  of  the  country, 
exploring  on  their  own 
Capt.  Manuel  yuiinper,  in  the 


Princess  Real,  .sailed  from  Nootka,  entered  and  named  Port  San  Juan,  coasted  along  to  Beadier  and  Pedder  bays, 
and  on  the  ,^oth  of  June  i)assed  through  Royal  Roads,  naming  it  Xolano  Bay,  anchoring  that  night  in 
Esquimau,  which  he  named  Port  V'aldez.  .Afterward,  while  cruising  around  in  this  vicinity,  he  discovered  and 
named  Haro  Straits,  in  honor  of  his  sailing  master.  He  also  named  X'ictoria's  harbor,  Cordova  Bay.  On  the 
4th  of  July  he  crossed  the  straits  to  Dungeness,  which  he  named  Santa  Cruz.  Quimpcr  had  poor  success  in 
making  his  names  stick,  but  enough  of  them  still  remain  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  this  famous  navigator. 
He  railed  the  Straits  of  Juar.  de  Fuca.  which  he  mistook  for  an  inlet,  Ivnsenada  de  Caamano,  and  Haro  Straits, 
Canal  de  Lopez  de  Haro. 

The  Bostonians  had  learned  enough  of  the  commercial  advantages  of  the  Northwest  to  cause  them  to  desire 
more  of  the  new  field,  so  in  1790  the  brig  Ifofie,  in  connuand  of  Joseph  Ingraham.  who  had  sailed  in  the  I.ady 
Wasliini^lon  witli  Gray,  sailed  from  Boston  in  September,  arriving  at  (Jueen  Charlotte  in  June,  1791.  The  same 
year  the  /.adv  IVasltini^lon,  transformed  into  a  brig,  returned  to  the  coast  from  China,  and  another  Boston  ship, 
the  Jefferson,  Captain  Rolierts,  arrived  at  Nootka.  The  American  sliip  Margarel,  Captain  Magee,  from  New- 
York,  was  also  trading  on  the  coast,  and  for  the  first  time  in  many  years  the  F'rench  were  represented  by  a  vessel, 
the  Solide,  Captain  Marchand.  The  ship  Grace,  Capt.  William  Douglas,  was  the  principal  representative  of  the 
British  fleet. 

The  following  year  more  than  thirty  vessels  were  sailing  around  the  Northwest  coast,  and  most  of  the  prin- 
cipal nations  of  the  earth  were  represented,  tlie  American  and  ICnglish  flags  predominating.  Among  them  were 
the  American  vessels  Hope,  Mari^arel,  Jejferson,  I.ady  H'asliini;lon,  Hancock,  Jenny,  Columbia  and  Adi'cntiire. 
Most  of  these  had  been  here  the  previous  year,  but  the  Adientnre  was  a  Northwest  i)roduct  just  launched. 
England  had  the  brigs  I'liree  Brothers,  Halcyon,  I'enns  and  Plorinda,  the  ships  /inlleruortli,  (irace  aiul  Daedalus, 
the  Discovery,  Chatham,  Prince  William  Henry,  Prince  Lc  Boo  a\u\  Jaclal.     Two  Portuguese  traders,  the  /■'dice  and 


Earliest  Voyages  in  the  Northwest,  Advent  of  Steam  Navigation 


tlie  Fcm'x,  were  here,  and  a  soo-toii  French  ship,  the  Ftavia,  spent  considerable  time  in  the  Northwest.  Spain 
looked  after  her  interests  with  the  tranfiports  Aranzazu,  Siilil  and  Miwiaiiia,  althonjjh  several  other  vessels 
flew  the  Spanish  fla}?,  among  them  being  the  Gerlnidis  (originally  the  Norlhuest  America),  Arliva,  Conceprion, 
SI.  /osc/>li,  Piiiursa,  San  Carlos,  ffornisilas,  and  the  newly  acquired  Advenliire,  bought  from  the  Americans. 

H.  M.  S.  nhioverv.  Cant.  George  Vancouver,  First  Lieut.  Zachariah  Mudge,  Second  Lieut.  I'tter  Pnget, 
Third  Lieut.  Joseph  Maker,  Master  Joseph  Whidby,  with  a  crew  of  one  hundred  all  told,  and  H.  W.  S.  Clialhaiii, 
Lieut.  W.  R.  Hro\iglitou,  with  a  crew  of  forty-five,  sighted  the  Pacific  Coast,  April  i8,  1792,  in  the  neighborhood  of 
what  is  now  known  as  Cape  .Mendocino.  Vancouver  had  left  Fngland  over  a  year  before  to  settle  up  the  Spanish 
difficulty  at  Nootka  Sound,  but  had  stopped  at  Australia,  New  Zealand,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Society  and 
Sandwich  islands  while  ni  roiilc.  After  sighting  land,  \'ancouver  proceeded  northward,  sighting  and  naming  Cape 
(Irford,  and  making  careful  notes  of  everything  he  saw  on  the  way.  How  near  he  came  to  discovering  the 
Columbia  River  can  be  judged  from  the  following  taken  from  his  journal  of  April  27th  : 

"  Noon  bron^lit  lis  in  to  a  conspicuou.s  point  of  land  comprised  of  a  cluster  of  hiuninocks,  moderatt'ly  lii^^h  and  i)rojertinjJ 
into  the  ocean.  On  tlic  south  side  of  llie  promontory  was  the  appearance  of  an  iniet  or  small  river,  the  land  not  indicating  it  to  lie 
of  aiiv  jjreal  extent  ;  nor  did  it  seem  to  lie  accessible  for  vessels  of  our  burden,  as  the  iireakers  extended  from  the  above  iioint  two 
or  iliree  miles  out  into  the  ocean,  until  thev  joined  those  on  the  beach,  nearlv  four  leagues  farther  south.  On  reference  to 
Mr.  Meares'  description  of  the  coast  south  of  this  promontory,  I  was  first  induced  to  believe  that  it  was  Cajie  Shoalwaler  ;  but,  on 
ascertaiuiiiK  its  latitude.  I  presniued  it  to  be  that  which  he  called  Cape  Ilisappointinent,  and  the  opeuiiiK  south  of  it,  Deception  Hay. 
This  cape  we  found  to  be  in  latitude  46  19  and  longitude  i^'i  6.  Tlic  sea  had  now  changed  from  its  natural  color  to  the  river-colored 
water,  tlie  probable  cousc(|iience  of  some  stream  falling  into  the  bay,  or  into  the  opening  north  of  it,  through  the  lowland.  Not 
considering  this  ojienin^  worthy  of  more  attention,  I  continued  our  pursuit  to  tile  northwest,  bein^  desirous  to  embrace  lite 
advantages  of  the  now  prevailing;  breezes  and  tlie  pleasant  weather,  so  favorable  10  the  examination  of  the  coasts." 

On  the  jijth  of  April  he  gave  his  reasons  for  not  thinking  it  was  a  river: 

"ConsideriiiK  ourselves  on  the  point  of  coniinencinK  an  examination  of  an  entirely 
new  region,  I  cannot  take  leave  of  the  coast  already  known  without  obtrudiiii;  a  short  remark 
on  that  part  of  the  continent,  coinpieheudin);  a  space  of  nearly  215  leagues,  on  which  onr 
iiujuiries  have  been  lately  eiuployeil,  ninler  the  most  forlnnate  and  favorable  circumst.'inces 
of  wind  and  we.'ither.  So  minutely  has  this  coast  been  insiiecleil,  that  the  surf  has  been 
constantly  seen  to  break  on  its  shores  from  the  masthead,  and  it  was  but  a  few  small  intervals 
only  our  distance  jirecluded  it  being  seen  from  onr  deck,  Whenever  the  weather  iireveiiteil 
our  making  free  with  the  shore,  or  on  heading  off  for  the  night,  the  return  of  fine  weather 
and  of  daylight  uniformly  brought  lis,  if  not  to  the  identical  sjiot  we  had  dep.-irted  from, 
at  least  within  a  few  miles  of  it.  ami  never  beyond  the  norlherii  limits  of  the  coa.st  we  hail 
previously  seen.  .An  ex.aniinatioii  so  directi'il,  and  circuinstances  so  concurring  to  permit 
Its  being  so  exei-iited,  atforded  the  most  complete  ojiportunity  of  determining  its  various 
turnings  and  windings,  as  also  the  iiosilion  of  all  its  consjiicnous  jioiuts,  ascertained  bv 
meridianal  altituiles  for  the  latitudes,  and  observations  for  tlie  clirononieter,  which  we  hail 
the  gooil  tbrluue  to  make  constantly  once,  and,  in  general,  twice  every  da\',  the  preceding 
one  only  excepted.  It  must  be  considered  a  very  singular  circumstance  that,  in  so  great  an 
extent  of  sea-coast, we  should  not  until  now  have  seen  the  apjiearance  of  any  ojieniiig  in  its 
shores  which  presenteil  any  prospect  of  affording  a  shelter,  the  whole  coast  forming  one 
compact  ami  nearly  straight  barrier  against  the  sea." 

Thus  ilid  the  great  explorer  narrowly  escape  discovering  the  mighty 
Columbia  ;  and,  while  he  was  still  arguing  to  himself  against  its  e.xistcnce, 
sundry  notes  in  his  log-book  show  that  he  still  entertained  a  doubt  about 
the  great  river  being  altogether  a  myth.  However,  he  sailed  on  up  the  coast  and  at  daylight  May  2ytli, 
when  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Straits  of  Jnan  de  I'uca,  met  the  American  ship  Columbia  bound  south.  Captain 
Gray  of  the  Cohimhia  told  X'ancouvcr  that  his  ship  had  been  ofT  the  mouth  of  a  river  in  46^  lu',  which  was  no 
doubt  a  large  one,  as  the  current  iiievented  his  entering  lor  nine  days.  He  also  gave  Vancouver  the  position  of 
the  Straits  of  Fuca,  then  twenty-four  miles  to  the  northward.  After  the  vessels  parted,  Vancouver  entered  the 
straits,  passing  between  Tatoosh  Island  and  Duncan  Rock,  wliich  he  named  after  the  navigator  who  had  first 
described  the  place  to  him.  X'ancouver's  explorations  in  the  straits  and  on  the  Sound  were  very  extensive,  and 
his  name  will  always  be  remembered  and  perpetuated  through  the  names  he  gave  to  the  various  localities  which 
he  visited  After  anchoring  the  first  night  in  what  is  now  known  as  Xeab  Hay,  he  saileil  on  \v ,  the  Sound  and 
anchored  in  and  named  Port  Discovery,  naming  Dungeness  after  the  low  point  of  the  same  name  in  the  Knglish 
Channel,  Mount  Haker  after  his  third  lieutenant,  who  was  the  first  to  discover  the  mountain,  and  Puget  Sound  after 
his  second  lieutenant,  Peter  Puget,  From  Port  Discovery  he  went  to  Port  Town.send,  which  he  named  after  his 
friend,  the  marquis  of  that  name,  and  Mount  Rainier  after  Admiral  Rainier  of  the  royal  navy.  He  also  explored 
and  named  Admiralty  Inlet,  Hood's  Canal,  Point  Wilson,  Point  Grey,  Point  Roberts,  and  Burrard's  Inlet. 
Vancouver  continued  his  explorations  until  he  circumnavigated  the  land  which  now  bears  his  name,  proving 
it  to  be  an  island.  On  his  arrival  at  Nootka  in  August  lie  found  the  Spanish  commandant.  Quadra,  awaiting 
him,  for  the  purpose  of  adjusting  the  difficulties,  which,  however,  they  were  unable  to  do,  as'^ach  viewed  the 
matter  in  a  different  light.  Xeverthele.ss  they  remained  the  best  of  friends,  and  to  commemorate  their  friend.ship 
they  named  the  island  Quadra  and  X'ancouver  ;  but,  as  the  British  ultimately  secured  control  of  the  island. 
Quadra  was  dropped  from  the  name. 

From  Xootka,  \'ancouver  sailed  south,  intending  to  enter  and  explore  the  river  he  had  overlooked  on  his 
voyage  north.  He  left  his  storeship  Dar<lal//s  in  Gray's  Harbor,  l)ut  owing  to  the  bad  weather  failed  to  get  into 
the  Columbia  with  the  Disroiyry.  \'aiic<m\er  wintered  in  the  .south,  and  came  up  again  in  the  spring  of  1793, 
continuing  his  explorations  along  the  northern  coast.     His  work  in  this  line  was  remarkable  for  the  thorough 


CAi'f,  (;i-:oR(iK  VANcm\'i:K 


Lrwisi  (J  Drydt'ii'a   '^arinv  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwfst 


i  I 


11  III 


jlliii 


Ml 


manner  in  which  it  was  done,  despite  the  difficulties  that  beset  him.  He  guided  his  unhandy  vessels  through  the 
intricate  chainiels  along  the  northern  coast,  where,  e\'en  in  the  later  era  of  steam  and  modern  appliances  of 
navigation,  the  undertaking  is  not  an  easy  one.  The  Dhcoveiy  and  Chatham  kept  at  their  task  all  summer,  and  did 
not  get  back  to  Nootka  until  October,  Vancouver  then  sailing  .south  to  winter.  Before  sailing  north  in  the  spring 
of  i7<;4,  he  took  formal  possession  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  in  the  name  of  P'ngland.  In  the  spring  of  1794, 
Vancouver '  went  to  Coi)k's  Inlet  and  spent  the  summer  surveying  and  charting  the  AlaskuTi  coast,  finishing  up 
the  work  in  August  and  sailing  from  Nootka  in  October  for  Monterey,  where  he  learned  that  his  inteipretation  of 
the  agreement  between  Ivngland  and  Spain  was  correct,  and  that  Spain  was  preparing  to  reiin(|uish  all  claims 
to  the  northern  settlements.  From  Monterey  he  sailed  homeward,  stopping  en  route  at  the  famous  Island  of  Cocos, 
at  Valparaiso  and  the  Island  of  St.  Helena,  reaching  London  in  October,  after  an  ab.sence  of  four  years,  eight 
months  and  twenty- nine  days. 

To  return  to  the  American  discoverers  :  At  Nootka,  Kendrick  and  G'ay  exchanged  commands.  Gray  taking 
the  Culumbia  to  China,  via  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and  thence  home  to  Koston,  where  she  arrived  August  10,  1790, 
having  sailed  by  her  log  about  fifty  thousand  miles.  On  the  second  voyage.  Captain  Gray  and  the  Colitinliia'' 
arrived  at  Clayocjuot  Sound.  June  ,,  1791,  having  sailed  from  Hoston  on  the  28th  of  Se])lember,  stopi)ing  at 
the  Falkland  Islands  on  the  way  out.  On  arriving  here  he  went  on  a  coasting  cruise  around  Queen  Charlotte's 
Island,  during  which  three  of  his  men  were  massacred  by  the  Indians,  who  were  very  treacherous.  On  going  to 
the  north  side  of  Queen  Charlotte's  Island,  Gray  met  the  Boston  brig  Hantotk,  Captain  Crowell.  Kendrick,  in 
his  coast  trading  with  Indians  in  the  Washim^toii,  made  .some  very  good  bargains,  the  deed  for  one  tract  of  land, 
filed  in  the  State  Department  at  Washington,  reading  as  follows  : 

"  111  consideration  of  six  muskets,  a  boat  sail,  a  i|uantity  of  powder  anil  an  .American  fliiK  (they  heiiij;  articles  of  wliicli  we  at 
present  stand  in  need  of  and  are  of  j^real  value),  we  <lo  liar^ain,  j^rant  ami  sell  iiiilo  John  Keiulrick  of  Hnstoii  a  certain  harbor  ill 
saiil  .\liassel,  in  which  the  lirif;  \l'itshiiif;loii  lay  at  anchor  on  the  5tli  day  of  .\iiK>ist,  1791,  latitude  49"  511',  with  all  lands,  mines, 
minerals,  rivers,  hays,  harhors,  .sounds,  creeks  and  all  islands,  with  all  the  produce  of  land  and  sea,  heing  a  territory  the  distance  of 
eighteen  miles  sipiare,  to  have  and  to  hold,  etc..  etc." 

It  was  signed  by  Maquinna,  VVicanauish,  Narry  Vonk  and  Tarrasone. 

Gray  wintered  again  in  Clayot|iiot  Snund,  where  he  put  up  a  substantial  building,  and  also  built  a  44-ton 
sloop,  which  was  launched  on  the  2.^1  of  February,  1792,  the  .second  vessel  built  on  the  coast.  She  was 
named  the  Adveiitiiir,  and  on  being  fitted  out  was  sent  on  a  crui.se  in  command  of  Haswell,  Gray's  old  male. 
.She  was  a  good  .sea  boat  and  could  outsail  the  Columbia,  but  the  Americans  .sold  her  to  Quadra  soon  after  her 
completion. 

After  dispatching  the  Adventure,  Gray  .sailed  southward  on  a  voyage  fraught  with  mighty  results, —  a 
voyage  that  will  be  remembered  as  long  as  the  United  Slates  exists.  On  the  29tli  of  April,  1792,  he  fell  in  with 
Vancouver,  and  they  exchanged  notes,  Gra\  telling  the  Fnglishinan  that  he  had  recently  been  off  the  mouth  of  a 
river  in  46-10,  but  was  unable  to  enter  it  on  account  of  the  strong  current  .setting  out,  but  that  he  was  now  going 
to  try  it  again.  X'ancouver  mentioned  passing  the  river,  but  said  he  thought  it  inaccessible  on  account  of  the 
breakers  extending  across  its  mouth.  Gray  also  gave  Vancouver  a  description  of  the  entrance  to  the  Straits  of 
Juan  de  Fuca.  When  they  parted  Gray  continued  his  voyage  to  the  southward,  and  on  the  7th  of  May,  noticing 
an  entrance,  which,  according  to  his  log-book,  "  had  a  very  good  appearance  of  a  harbor,"  he  bore  away  and  ran 
in,  giving  it  the  name  of  linllfinch  IIarl)or,  a  name  that  was  afterward  changed  to  Gray's  Harbor.  Gray  .sailed 
out  of  the  harbor  which  now  bears  his  name  on  the  evening  of  May  loth,  and  at  daybreak  on  the  i  ith  he  sighted 
his  desired  port.  He  ran  in.  skillfully  threading  his  way  between  the  breakers,  and  with  little  difficulty  reached 
a  point  several  miles  from  the  entrance.  He  anchored  at  this  point  at  1:00  o'clock  in  ten  fathoms  of  water,  off 
what  is  now  known  as  Chinook.  The  Columbia  remained  here  three  days,  trading  and  taking  in  water,  and  on 
the  14th  Gray  stood  up  the  river,  going  about  fifteen  miles,  where  he  got  out  of  the  channel  and  grounded.  He 
backed  off  without  difficulty  and  the  next  day  dropped  down  to  better  anchorage.  On  the  19th  he  landed  near 
the  mouth  of  the  river  and  formally  named  it  after  his  ship  Columbia,  rai.sed  the  American  flag,  planted  .some 
coins  under  a  large  pine  tree,  and  took  possession  in  the  name  of  the  United  .States,  naming  the  conspicuous 
headland  on  the  north  Cape  Hancock  and  the  low  sand-spit  on  the  south  Point  Adams.  The  following  extracts 
regarding  Gray's  great  discovery  were  taken  from  his  log-book  : 

"Slay  7,  1792,  A.  M  — Heinj!  within  si\  miles  of  the  land,  saw  an  entrance,  which  had  a  very  good  appearance  of  a 
\\;:    lor;  lowered  away  the  jolly  boat  and  went  in  search  of  an  anchoring  place,  the  sliip  standing  to  and  fro,  with  a  very  strong 


'Capt.  George  Vancouver  was  born  in  17.SS  and  entered  the  navy  at  the  age  of  thirteen.  He  servcil  for  three  years  as  a 
I       "  •  the  Resolution  with  Captain  Cook,  and  as  miilshipman  on  the  Diseox'ery  for  four  and  a  half  years,  passing  as  lieutenant  in 

(/•'. ;r,    17S0,  under  certificates  from  Captains  Cook.  Ciore,  Clerk    and    King.      He    afterwaril   served  as    lieutenant  under  I,or<l 

RoiliM-y  in  the  West  Indies.  It  was  in  1791  that  he  was  selected  by  the  .Vdmiralty  to  proceed  to  the  Northwest  coast  to  settle  the 
difTiculties  with  Spain  and  exjilore  the  coiintrv.  On  his  return  from  this  remarkable  voyage  he  was  promoted  to  port  captain,  but 
lived  but  a  short  time  to  enjoy  his  wellearne<l  laurels,  dying  at  the  early  .igc  of  forty  years,  at  his  home  in  Surrey,  in  M.ay,  1798. 
He  was  buried  in  Petersham  churchyard  in  the  same  county,  where  a  tablet  was  erecteil  to  his  memory  in  1841  by  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company. 

'On  this  second  vovagc  of  the  Columbia  she  was  oflicered  as  follows:  Captain,  Roliert  Gray;  first  mate,  Robert  Haswell ; 
second  mate,  Josiah  Caswell  ;  third  mate,  Owen  Smith  ;  clerk,  John  Hoskins.  Capt.  Robert  Gray  was  a  native  of  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  a 
descenilant  of  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  IMymoutli.  He  had  been  in  coininancl  of  the  ship  I'tuifie  in  the  South  Carolina  trade, 
and  was  also  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  navy.  He  coniiiiatided  several  vessels  after  his  return  to  llostoti  in  1793,  and  died  in 
1806  at  Charleston,  S.  C. 


MQ 


Earliest  Voynys  in  thv  Northwest,  A(lvvt)t  of  Stvam  Niwigation 


k-essels  through  the 
)dern  appliances  of 
ill  summer,  and  did 
north  in  the  spring 
the  spring  of  1794, 
coast,  finishing  ui> 
lis  inteipri'tation  of 
:iiii(|iiish  all  claims 
)us  Island  of  Cocos, 
}f  four  years,  eight 

lands,  Gray  taking 
d  August  to,  1790, 
and  the  Co/iim/iin'' 
.•mher,  stopping  at 
(Jneen  Charlotte's 
ons.  On  going  to 
.veil.  Kendrick,  in 
r  one  tract  of  land, 


irticles  of  wliicli  we  at 
DM  a  certain  harluir  in 
nitli  nil  lands,  iiiine.s. 
rritorv  the  distance  of 


also  built  a  44-ton 
le  coast.  She  was 
II,  Gray's  old  male, 
ladra  soon  after  her 

nighty  results, —  a 

792,  he  fell  in  with 

off  the  mouth  of  a 

he  was  now  going 

on  account  of  the 

e  to  the  Straits  of 

h  of  May,  noticing 

bore  away  and  ran 

irbor.     Gray  .sailed 

he  I  ith  he  sighted 

;  difficulty  reached 

horns  of  water,  off 

g  in  water,  and  on 

d  grounded.     He 

ytli  he  landed  near 

flag,  planted  some 

g  the  conspicuous 

following  extracts 


ood  appearance  of  a 
with  a  very  .strong 

d  for  three  years  as  a 
ssin}{  as  lieutenant  in 
euteiiant  under  Lord 
est  coast  to  .settle  the 
d  to  port  captain,  but 
Surrey,  in  May,  1798. 
by  the  Hudson's  Bay 

ate,  Robert  Haswell ; 

of  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  a 
South  Carolina  tr;ule, 

I  in  1793,  and  died  in 


weather  current ;  at  1  1'.  M.  the  Imat  retnrneil,  having  fiinnd  no  place  where  the  sliip  could  anchor  with  safety  ;  made  sail  on  the 
ship  ;  slonil  in  for  the  shore  ;  we  soon  s.iw.  from  our  inasthcid,  a  i)assaj^L.  in  between  the  sandbars ;  at  3:  v»  bore  away  ami  run  in 
N.  v..  by  !•;.,  havin^r  from  four  to  cij^ht  fathoms,  sandy  botloni ;  and.  as  we  d.cw  in  nearer  In-tweeu  the  bars,  had  from  ten  to  thirteen 
fathoms,  having  a  vcrv  slroui;  liilc  of  ebb  to  stem;  many  canoes  alonns'.le.  .At  5  I'.  M.  came  10  iti  five  f.'itlu>nis  of  water,  sandy 
bottom,  in  a  s.ifc  harbor,  well  slullered  I'rom  the  sea  by  lonn  sandbars  and  spits;  our  latitude  observed  this  day  was  .|(i  S'"^'  -N. 
M.iv  10  — I'rcsh  bree/es  and  pleasant  weather ;  many  natives  alon>;side  ;  at  noon  all  the  c.inoes  left  us  ;  at  i  P.  M.  benau  to  unmoor  ; 
look  up  the  best  bower  .inchor  and  hove  short  on  the  snuill  ilo.;  at  llullljnch's  Harbor,  now  called  Whitby's  Hay,  1:30  beiii;;  hi),;li 
wait  r,  hove  up  the  aiu'bor  and  came  to  sail  and  a-be;  .in^  down  the  harbor.  May  1 1  -At  7:30  we  were  out  I'lear  of  the  bars,  and 
dirc<led  our  cour.-e  to  the  southward,  alimj;  shore.  At  S  1:  M.  the  enlr.iiu'e  of  llnllnnch's  Harlxir  bore  north,  distant  four  miles  ;  the 
soullieru  i-Nlremily  of  the  land  bore  S.  S.  li.  ';  M.,  atnl  the  north  do.,  N.  N,  W.;  .sent  up  the  main  lopj;all.iul  yarrl  ,iuil  set  all  sail  ; 
at  4  \.  M  saw  the  entrance  of  our  desireil  port,  bearing  V..  ,S.  \\.,  distance  six  leagues  in  sleeriu),'  sails,  ami  haided  our  wind  in  shore  ; 
ill  S  .\.  M  .  beiuj.;  a  little  to  wiudwanl  of  the  eutraiu'e  of  the  harbor,  bore  away,  and  in  \\.  N.  Iv.  bi-tweeu  the  brc.ikcis,  having  from 
five  to  seven  fathoms  of  water.  When  we  were  over  the  bar  we  found  this  1 0  be  a  l,irne  river  of  fresh  water,  up  whi.-h  we  steered  ; 
main  cauocs  c.ime  ali.iiysiile.  M  I  1'.  M.  came  to,  with  small  bower.  In  ten  filhoius;  black  and  white  saml  ;  the  eulrance  between 
the  bar>  bore  'v\'.  S.  W  ,  distance  tell  miles;  the  north  side  of  the  river  half  a  mile  distant  bom  the  ship,  the  south  side  do.,  two 
and  a  half  miles  ilist,int ;  a  village  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  W.  by  N.,  distant  threeipi.irters  of  a  mile.  \'.isi  niinibers  of 
natives  came  aloiiiisiile;  iicojj'e  cmptoyetl  in  iMiiujiin^  the  salt  water  out  of  our  water  casks  in  onler  to  till  with  fresh  while  the  shi]) 
lloated  in.  So  ends.  M.ay  i.i — l-'resh  ^ales  an<l  cloudy  ;  many  natives  alongside.  .\t  ikiou  wi-ivjlied  and  came  to  sail,  standing  up 
the  river  N.  1;.  by  K.  We  louud  the  channel  very  narrow.  .\t  4  1'.  M,  we  hail  sailed  upwards  of  twelve  or  fifteen  miles,  when  llie 
channel  was  so  ver>'  mirrow  that  it  w.is  almost  impossible  to  keep  in  it  ;  lia\iu^;  from  three  to  ei^liti-en  fathoms  of  water.  s,ind\- 
bottom,  at  .1:10  tile  ship  took  j.;rouiiil.  but  she  dicl  not  stay  loii^  before  she  came  off  without  any  assistance:  \\e  backed  her 
olT,  stern  foieinost.  into  three  falhonis.  ami  let  go  the  small  bower,  ami  moored  ship  with  ked^e  and  hawser;  the  jollybo.it  was 
sent  to  sound  the  chauuel  out,  but  it  was  not  navij^able  any  fnither  ;  so,  of  course,  we  must  have  taken  the  woui.,^  i-hannel.  .S(( 
ends,  with  rainy  weather:  many  u.itives  alon(.^side.  Tuesday,  May  1,1  MkIU  ami  jileasaut  weather;  many  natives  from  dilTerenl 
tribes  c.iiue  alongside.  At  lo  .\.  M.  numooreil  and  drop])ed  ilown  with  the  tide  to  a  better  anchoring  place.  Smiths  ami  other 
tr.idesmeu  constantly  employed.  Ill  the  afternoon  Captain  Crjiy  ami  Mr.  Hoskins.  in  the  jolly-boat,  went  on  shore  to  take  a  short 
view  of  the  counliy.  M.iy  16  -l,ij.;lil  airs  and  cloudy.  M  .(  .\.  M,  hove  up  the  anchor  ami  towel  (h)wn  .about  three  miles  with  the 
last  of  the  ebb  tide  ;  came  into  six  fathoms,  s.iudy  bottom,  the  jolly-boat  souudiii);  the  channel.  At  10  a.  .\i.  a  fredi  breeze  came 
up  the  river.  With  the  lirst  of  the  el'b  tide  we  ^oi  under  way  and  beat  down  the  river.  .-\t  1.  from  its  beiiij.;  veiv  siin.allv,  we 
came  to,  about  two  miles  from  the  village  Chinook,  which  bore  W.  S.  W.  Manv  natives  abmgsitle  ;  fresh  ^ales  and  sipially. 
:M.iy  iS-  Plcisant  weather;  at  4  in  the  nioruin;;  bewail  to  heave  aheail  ;  at  4:30  came  to  sail,  standing  down  the  river  with  tlie 


eiib  tide;  at  7.  beinj,'  slack  water  and  the 
sandy  bottom  ;  the  entrance  between  the 
the  north  point  of  the  harbor  bore  \.  W., 
distance  t\\c»  miles;  the  south  bore  .S  E., 
spriiii;^'  u]>  fr'un  the  eastward  ;  took  up  the 
c.inie  ll.itterin.i;  a,i;aiii ;  canir  to  with  the 
Noon,  pleasant;  latitude  ob-erveil.  4^1: 17  N. 
and  drifted  down,  bro.ailside,  with  li^lit  airs 
fresh  wind  came  from  the  mu'thward  ;  wore 
came  to  in  six  fathinus  ;  ^o(u\  holding 
canoes  alou.i^side.  May  19  -l-'resh  winds 
canoes  came  aloii.i^side  ;  seaman  and  trades- 
C.iptain  f.rav  i.'ave  this  river  the  iianie  of 
elitraiu'e  Cape  H.'Ulcock,  the  south  side 
])leasant  weather.  At  I  I'.  M.,  beiu.i,'  full  .sea, 
down  river;  at  2  the  wind  left  ns,  we  being 
on  the  breakers  ;  it  was  not  possible  lo  get 
tide,  so  we  were  obliged  to  bring  u])  in  three 
knots  ;  ill  2:.},s  a  fresh  wind  c.ame  in  from 
and  be.it  over  the  b.ir.  having  from  live  lo 
the  southw.'ird.  We  bore  away  to  the  north- 
At  S  Cajte  Hancock  bore  .S.  I'..,  distant  three 
sight  bene  X.  by  W.     .\t  9,  in   steering  ami 


C.AI'T.    KOIURT    (;uAv 


wind  llatt.ring.  we  i-aiue  to  in  live  fathoms, 
bars  bore  S.  W.  by  W.,  dist,iiice  three  miles  ; 
ilistance  two  miles;  the  south  bore  S.  ]■',., 
distiince  three  and  a  half  miles  ;  at  g  a  breeze 
a.ichor  anil  came  to  sail,  but  the  wind  soon 
kedge  and  hawser  ;  veered  out  llftv  fathoms. 
.\t  I  came  to  sail  with  t')e  lirst' ebb  tide, 
and  strong  tide;  at  three-i|iiarteis  past,  a 
ship  and  stood  into  the  river  again.  .\t  4 
ground,  about  six  or  seven  miles  ii]);  manv 
and  clear  weather.  luirly  .a  luimber  of 
lueii  employed  in  their  various  de]i.arliiients. 
Columbia  River,  ami  the  north  side  of  the 
.■\dams'  jaiints.  May  2n— Ct.mh.  breeze  and 
took  up  the  anchor  and  made  sail,  st,imliiig 
on  the  bar  with  very  strong  tide,  which  set 
out  without  a  breeze' to  shoot  her  across  the 
ami  a  half  fathoms,  the  tide  rnnuirg  live 
the  seaboard  ;  we  imniediately  came  in  s.iil 
seven  fathoms  of  water;  a  breeze  came  from 
ward,  set  all  sail  to  the  best  advantage, 
leagues  ;  the  north  extreme  of  the  land  in 
topgallant  sails.     Midnight,  light  airs." 


Following  the  Co/niiihia  came  the  American  brig  Jfitiiy  from  Hristol,  R.  I.,  in  command  of  Captain  Baker, 
who  received  his  share  of  glory  for  bringing  the  second  ship  into  the  river  by  having  the  bay  in  which  he 
anchored  retain  his  name.  Vancouver's  consort,  the  C/nil/inm,  al.so  entered  the  river  the  same  year,  coming  in 
October  aotli,  and  grounditig  on  the  bar  where  the  liritish  surveying  sliin  Siilpliiii-  struck  in  is^j.  The 
Challuun  remained  in  the  river  about  three  weeks,  during  which  time  Captain  Broughtoii  made  a  survey  of  the 
clianncl  lor  one  hundred  miles  from  its  mcmth,  naming  the  farthest  point  inland  which  he  re.iclied  ;ifler  his 
comm;indiiig  officer,   X'ancouver. 

There  was  Imt  little  change  in  the  number  or  in  the  ves.sels  comprising  the  fleet  trading  in  these  waters 
during  the  iie.xl  few  years.  \e;irly  all  of  the  old-timers  continued  traffiickiiig  here,  with  an  occasitmal  addition  to 
the  list.  Captain  liiouglitou  returned  with  the  Discoiriy  again  in  1796,  rinding  the  /.,uh  Wnshiiioloii,  Sea  Oil,,, 
I-'ciii.x  and  others  that  wete  here  when  he  left. 

In  1797  the  .SV,(  f;/Av  entered  the  Columbia  River,  and  while  there  her  master.  Hill,  was  killed.  Three 
Boston  ships  were  on  the  Coast  this  year,  the  Hazard,  Captain  Swift,  Indian  Pa.irl,  Captain  Rogers,  and  the 
/;A-/>,//,/;,  Captain  Bowers.  The  Ifar:ard  remained  over  through  the  next  season,  returning  to  Boston  in  1709. 
Other  vessels  of  i79,s  were  tiic  Alexander,  Captain  Dodge,  the  Hlisa.  Captain  Rowan,  the  .\lerl.  Captain 
Bowles,  the  Jenny,  Captain  Bowers,  and  the  cutter  Drafion,  Captain  Lay.  Tlie  Dragon  had  come  over  from 
China,  and  the  following  year  was  sold  to  a  young  man  named  Cleveland,  wh..  changed  her  narie  to  the  Caroline 
;iii(l  fitted  her  out  for  a  ftir-tiading  expedition.  He  arrived  on  the  Co;ist  in  March  and  met  the  /■:iisa,  which  had 
returned  alter  wintering  at  the  Islands,  and  the  Boston  ships  flysses.  Captain  Lamb,  the  /'/>/><(/<//,  Captain  Breck, 
and  the /An/ovX,  Captain  Crocker.  The  British  .ships  Cheerful,  Captain  Beck,  and  the  Z»o;'c,  Captain  I )uffiib 
were  al.so  here  this  year.  The  latter  vessel,  the  Ha-ard,  the  fenny  and  the  .//,//  came  in  i.Soo,  ami  were 
reinforced  by  the  Rover,  Captain  Davidson,  and  the  Alexander,  Captain  Dodd.  The  Boston  brigaiitine  Dehy.  in 
command  of  Capt.  Charles  Winship,  was  trading  and  fur-hunting  along  the  coast. 


lO 


Lrwia  cj  Drydvn'fs  Mnrine  History  of  the  Pacific  Norfhwi-st 


Hi 

i  ! 

ijii 


i 


Tin;  Snu'  "BosroN"  i.v  Noutka  Sih'nh 
From  drnwiiiK  l>y  Ariiiort-r  Jewi'tt 


The  American  traders  in  iSoi  were  quite  numerous.  No  less  tlian  ten  arrived  from  Hostoii.  Tiiey 
were  the  Po//j;  Captain  Kelly,  the  /M/f  Savaire,  Captain  Ockington,  the  Caroline,  Captain  Derby,  the 
Charlotte,  Captain  IngersoU,  the  Globe,  Captain  McGee,  the  Giintimoiiii,  Captain  Buinstead,  the  Atahiialpa, 
Captain  Wildes,  the  Dispatch,  Captain  Dorr,  the  Littler,  Captain  Dorr,  and  the  I.iuy,  Captain  I'ierpont.  Three 
other  vessels,  the  iUa/iehester,  Captain  Hrice,  the  Laviiiia,  Captain  Hubbard,  and  the  /■jitrrprise,  Captain  Ilubbcll, 
from  Philadelphia,  Hristol  and  New  York  respectively,  were  also  here  in  1801.  Tiie  .l/a/nhester  met  with  serious 
loss  at  Nootka  the  following  year  when  seven  of  her  men  deserted  and  were  afterward  murdered  by  the  Indians. 
The  only  new  names  on  the  list  for  i.Si>2  were  the   Catherine,  Captain  Worth,   the    Vaneonver,  Captain  Hrown,  the 

Hetty,  Captain  Uriggs,  and  the  /««(>,  Captain  Kendrick. 

The  year  i,S(\^  was   productive  of  a  terrible  disaster  to  one  of  the 
trading  fleet,  the  American  ship  flcston.     She  arrived  at  Nootka  March  i  jth, 
from   Boston  via   Hull,  Ivngland,  with  a  cargo  of  I'jiglish  cloths,  blankets, 
mirrors,  beads,  knives,  razors,  sugar,  molasses,   twenty  hogsheads  of  rum, 
ammunition,  cutlasses,  pistols  and  3,000  muskets  and  fowling  jiieccs.     Her 
crew  were  as  follows  :  John  Salter,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  captain  ;   B.  De  I,oui.>!sa, 
chief  mate  ;  William  Ingram,  second  mate;  I'Mward  Thompson,  boatswain; 
Adam  Siddle,  carpenter ;    I'hili])  Brown,  joiner;   John 
Dorthy,     blacksmith  ;      Abraham    Waters,    steward ; 
Francis  DufTield,  tailor  ;  John  Wilson  (colored),  cook  ; 
William  Caldwell,  Jo.seph  Miner,  William   Robinson, 
Thomas  Wilson,  Andrew  Kelly,  Robert  Burton,  James 
McClay,  Thom.is   Platlen,  Thomas   Newton,   Charles 
Bates,  John  Hall,  Samuel  Wood,  I'eter  Alstrom,  Francis 
Martin,  and  Jupiter  Senegal  (colored),  .seamen;  John 
Thompson,  sailmaker  ;  John  R.  Jewett,  armorer.    The 
latter  and  one  other  man  were  the  sole  survivors  of 
the  vessel.      Jewett  wrote  a    history  of  the   tragedy,   from  which   the   facts  here  presented   are  taken. 

On  arrival  at  Nootka,  the  Boston  traded  with  the  Indians  for  several  days,  the  utmost  friendship  apparently 
existing  between  them.  Many  presents  were  exchanged,  and  all  went  well  until  about  the  time  the  vcs.sel  was 
ready  to  sail  for  the  north.  The  Captain  had  presented  the  chief,  Maquinna,  with  a  valuable  shotgun,  with  which  he 
seemed  well  pleased,  but  the  day  before  the  vessel  was  to  sail  the  chief  came  on  board  with  nine  pair  of  ducks  ns  a 
present,  and  also  the  gun,  one  of  the  locks  of  which  he  had  broken,  and  told  the  Captain  it  was  "pesliak," 
meaning  bad.  Captain  .Salter  was  very  much  offended,  considering  it  as  a  mark  of  contempt  for  his  present.  Calling 
the  king  a  liar,  and  using  other  opprolirious  epithets,  he  took  the  gun  away  from  him  and  tossed  it  indignantly  into 
the  cabin.  Maquinna,  having  met  traders  before,  knew  enough  English  to  understand  too  well  the  meaning  of  the 
Captain's  insulting  terms.  He  .soon  went  ashore  with  his  chiefs,  evidently  much  offended.  On  the  twenty-second 
the  natives  came  off  as  usual  ■, ith  salmon,  and  about  noon  Maquinna  came  alongside  with  a  iuunl)er  of  his  chiefs 
in  canoes.  After  eoing  through  the  customary  examination  (they  were  retpiired  to  leave  their  blankets  and 
implements  of  warfare  in  the  canoes  before  being  permitted  to  board  the  ship),  they  were  admitted  on  board, 
and  gr-ve  a  dan  e  in  their  war  paint.  Then  the  king  came  to  Captain  .Salter  to  learn  when  he  was  to  sail.  The 
Captain  anavvered,  "to-morrow."  Maquinna  advised  him  to  get  a  supply  of  salmon  fur  the  trip.  The  CaptaiTi 
agreed  to  this,  and  the  king  promised  to  take  part  of  the  crew  to  Friendly  Ctive,  where  a  supi)Iy  could  be 
obtained.  Matpiinna  and  the  chiefs  dined  on  board,  after  which  the  chief  mate  and  nine  men  left  in  the  jolly-boat 
and  yawl  to  fish.     The  armorer  went  below  in  the  steerage,  where  he  was  employed  in  cleaning  muskets. 

In  about  an  hour's  time  there  was  a  great  noise  and  coTifusion  on  deck.  Jewett  ran  up  the  steerage  stairs, 
but  scarcely  was  his  head  above  deck  when  he  was  caught  by  the  hair  by  a  savage  and  received  a  deep  g.ash  in 
his  forehead  from  an  axe,  the  wound  penetrating  the  skull.  He  fell  into  the  steerage,  stiiimed  and  l)leeding,  and 
was  discovered  later  on  by  the  king.  After  he  had  recovered  his  life  was  spared  because  of  his  usefulness  in 
making  weapons.  The  heads  of  the  captain  and  crew,  arranged  in  a  row  on  deck,  were  shown  to  him,  but 
that  of  Thomp.son,  the  sailmaker,  was  not  among  them.  He  was  afterward  captured  in  the  hold,  where 
he  had  concealed  himself,  but  on  Jewett's  pleading  by  signs,  and  claiming  that  he  was  his  father  and  that  he 
would  be  useful,  his  life  w.as  spared.  A  day  or  two  after  this  the  ship  was  run  ashore  and  looted,  but  Jewett  was 
permitted  to  save  the  .ship's  log  and  papers.  Before  she  had  been  entirely  unloaded  and  the  casks  of  rum  had 
been  uncovered,  one  of  the  Indians  accidentally  set  tire  to  the  ship  while  below  deck  with  a  lighted  torch.  Jewett 
and  Thomp.son  remained  captives  for  three  years,  Jewett  learning  the  language  and  keeping  a  iliary  of  events. 
On  the  command  of  the  king  he  was  married  to  a  daughter  of  a  northern  tribe.  He  found  that  the  northern 
chiefs  were  willing  to  assist  himself  and  companions  to  escape  by  undertaking  to  deliver  a  letter  to  any  vessel 
they  might  meet.  They  were  rescued  by  Capt.  Samuel  Hill  of  the  brig  I.ydia  of  Boston  on  July  19,  1.S05. 
Mucli  of  the  cargo  of  the  Boston  which  had  not  been  destroyed  by  the  Indians  was  recovered  \i\  the  brig, 
including  cannon,  guns,  cloth  and  blankets  which  had  been  stowed  away  by  the  king,  and  was  subsequently 
returned  to  the  owners  in  Bo.ston. 


— .-     — 

« 

ston.      Tliey 

Derby,    the 

'■i'WBy 

;  .  ilahualpa, 

fvSj^ 

loiit.    Three 

ain  MiihhcU, 

with  serious 

the  Iiidiiitis. 
1  Hrown,   the 

1 

0  one  of  the 

I  March  ijth, 

hs,  blankets, 

L'ails  of  rum, 

pieces.     I ler 

.  De  Louissa, 

,  boatswain  ; 

^^_ 

oiner  :   John 

-41 

rs,    steward ; 

lored),  cook  ; 

ni  Robinson, 

urton,  James 

ton,  Charles 

trom,  Francis 

eaniun  ;  John 

rniorcr.    The 

survivors  of 

aken. 

p  apparently 

le  \cssel  was 

itli  which  he 

of  ducks  as  a 

1   "pesliak," 

-Mit,     Calling 

ignantly  into 

•aninj;  of  the 

vcnty-second 

of  his  chiefs 

)lankets  and 

■d  on  board. 

o  sail.     The 

The  Captain 

)ly  could  be 

lie  jolly-boat 

ets. 

■erage  stairs. 

leep  }j;asli   in 

leeding,  and 

isefulness  in 

to  him,  but 

hold,  where 

and  that  he 

L  Juwett  was 

of  rum  had 

ch.     Jcwett 

y  of  events. 

he  northern 

--■ 

3  any  vessel 

y    nj,    1805. 

-.r 

)y   the  brig, 

'^ 

ubsequently 

« 

Earliest  Vuyagvs  in  ifiu  /Northwest,  Advent  of  Stmni  IVavlydtion 


II 


The  O'C'iiiu,  Captain  O'Cain,  was  the  best  known  of  the  fleet  in   iSo-?,  with  the  exception  of  the  /losloii, 


ilthough  other 


iviuK  were   the   Mary,  /loio,  .llt:\:aiiiti>\   J/tr.nnt  Alol,   l'<nicoiivi>-  and   /.ilia   liyrd. 


v-essel 

Most  of  these  traders  remained  here  the  followiiig  year,  and  the  Russian  ship  A'<  ;<r,  with  Haranoll,  the  Governor 
of  Russian  America,  was  crnising  in  the  Northwest,  ent<    iiig  the  Colinnbia  River  and  I'nget  Sound. 

In  lSms  the  Hoston  ship  .llalinal/>a.  Captain  Porter,  was  attacked  by  the  Indians  in  MilUiank  Sound,  and 
the  captain,  mate  Piid  six  seamen  killed.  The  biig  Lydin  of  Doston,  mentioned  elsewhere,  spent  the  most  of  the 
year  trading  in  the  north.     She  entered  the  Columbia  River,  and  .sailed  for  China  in  1S.16. 

New  names  appearing:  on  the  list  for  1H06  were  the  brig  llahy,  the  ship  Hamilton,  the  ship  Pcatic,  the 
thodil  M\Oi  Piaiock.  The  d  Lain  and  .several  of  the  old  lleet  were  also  here.  During  the  ne.\t  five  years  but  few 
of  the  old-timers  left  permanently,  and  new  ve.ssels  coming  included  the  .  Iiii;iis/i/s,  the  /uli/>si',  the  Derby,  Pearle, 
Mirairv,  /■'iildfirisr,  Alhalros':,  /subrlla,  iVi-d'  Ifazard,  Ollrr,  Calhcriiu-,  .  liiiilliysl  and  Charon.  Many  of  these 
vessels  engaged  in  hunting  sea  otter  and  fur  .seal  in  a  manner  not  unlike  that  now  followed  by  the  .sealing 
schooners  .sailing  out  of  Northwestern  ports. 

In  iMoy  the  Sea  OIkr  was  wrecked  near  Cape  Fonlweather,  several  of  her  crew  being  drowned.  The 
Albatross,  which  arrived  in  iSio,  sailed  up  the  Columbia  about  forty  miles,  and  her  master,  Capt.  T.  Winship, 
went  ashore,  built  a  house  and  made  a  small  clearing,  inteiuii  .g  to  found  a  city  where  Oak  Point  is  now  located. 

The  year  i.Si  i  witnessed  the  establishment  of  one  of  the  oldest  American  towns  in  the  Northwest :  Astoria. 
The  American  ship  '/'oni/iiin,  Capt.  Jonathan  Thorn,  reached  this  port  March  2^\.\\,  briiii;ing  among  other  cargo 
the  frame  of  the  first  vessel  launched  on  the  Columbia,  the  .schooner  Dolly,  which  left  the  ways  at  Astoria 
October  2,  isi  1.  The  Dolly  had  been  intended  for  the  coasting  trade,  but  as  she  was  but  thirty  tons  burden  she 
was  used  mostly  for  the  river  traffic,  and  with  the  downfall  of  the  Astor  enterprise  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
British,  who  renamed  her  the  Columbia  and  sent  her  to  California.  The  '/'oni/nin  had  been  .sent  out  by  the  Pacific 
iMir  Company,  which  had  been  organized  in  New  York  the  previous  year,  John  Jacob  Astor  being  the  prime  mover 
if.  the  enterprise.  She  was  a  stanch  vessel  of  about  jyo  tons  burden,  mounting  ten  guns,  and  carrying  a  crew  of 
twenty  men.  At  the  time  of  her  departure  from  New  York  the  trouble,  which  afterward  culminated  in  the  war  of 
181 2,  was  brewing,  and  .so  much  hostility  was  expressed  between  the  representatives  of  the  two  nations  strivnig 
for  the  wonderful  trade  of  the  far  Northwest,  that  the  Tonqitin  was  escorted  out  of  New  York  by  the  famous  old 
frigate  Conslitnlioii.  Aside  from  a  continual  conflict  of  authority  between  the  captain  and  the  traders  aboard, 
her  voyage  to  the  Columbia  was  uneventful ;  but  in  attempting  to  enter  the  river  the  headstrong  and  surly 
captain  sent  eight  of  his  crew  to  a  watery  grave  through  his  unseendx'  haste  to  cross  the  bar  before  a  raging 
storm  had  subsided. 

After  discharging  the  portion  of  her  cargo  destined  for  the  new  .settlement  at  Astoria,  the  Tonqiiin  set  sail 
June  ist  on  a  trading  voyage  to  the  north.  A  head  wind  kept  her  in  Baker's  Hay  for  a  few  days,  but  on 
the  fifth  she  cros.sed  out  and 
went  Hying  up  the  coast, 
never  to  return,  and  destined  to 
make  one  of  the  most  mournful 
chapters  in  the  early  marine 
history  of  the  Northwest. 
There  were  twenty-three  per- 
.sons  on  board  of  the  Touijiiin 
when  she  left  Astoria,  and  in 
Haker's  liay  .she  picked  up  an 
Indian  interpreter.  Arriving 
at  Vancouver's  Island,  the 
ignorant  and  vicious  captain 
opened  hostilities  with  the 
natives  the  first  dav.  On  their 
showing  an  aversion  to  trad- 
ing at  his  iiriees,  he  kicked 
two  of  the  chiefs  olT  the  ship, 
working  the  entire  tribe  into 
a  frenzy,  After  stirring  up 
this  trouble  and  placing  the  lives  of  the  crew  in  peril,  he  refused  to  heed  their  prayers  and  entreaties  to 
leave  the  place,  but  instead  taunted  them  with  cowardice  and  unfounded  fears. 

At  daybreak  the  next  morning,  while  the  captain  and  Mr.  McKay  were  still  asleep,  a  canoe  with  twenty 
Indians  came  alongside,  commanded  by  young  Shewish,  a  son  of  the  chief  whom  Thorn  had  unceremoniously 
kicked  ashore  the  day  before.  As  they  were  unarmed  and  showed  a  disposition  to  traffic,  they  were 
admitted,  as  also  was  a  canoe  that  followed  them.  In  a  little  while  other  canoes  aiiproached,  and  Indians  were 
soon  climbing  aboard  on  all  sides.  The  officer  now  became  alarmed  and  called  the  captain  and  Mr.  McKay,  who 
came  on  deck  to  find  it  thronged  with  hundreds  of  Indians,   many  of  whom  had  knives  concealed  under  short 


'r«f4-j 


If, 


'T- 


AsroKiA  IN  isi: 


ta 


Lvwis  (f  Drydrn's  Murine  Hifitury  of  the  Pacific  Morthwcst 


iiiaiitk-N  of  skins.  Neither  tlic  iiitcriirctcr  nor  Mr.  McKay  could  prevail  on  Thorn  to  K<-'t  under  way  until  the 
increasing;  luiniliers  frightened  him,  and  he  ordered  the  men  on  the  sails  and  the  anchor  up.  The  Indians  then 
wanted  to  trade  and  liej^an  hurriedly  to  harter  their  furs  for  knives  on  any  terms  the  7iiiii//iiii'.i  men  desired  to 
make.  Hy  the  time  the  anchor  was  up  the  knives  were  pretty  well  distril)Uted  among  the  horde  of  savages. 
What  hai)pened  is  best  told  in  Washington  Irving's  "Astoria,"  which  was,  in  a  measure,  an  oflicial  account 
of  the  Astor  expedition.     Irving  says  : 

*'T1r'  anchor  was  now  ne.'irly  up,  tlir  sails  were  lonsed,  and  the  captain  in  a  h)nil  am!  pcrcniptory  lone  orilcrol  Ihc  ship  to 
be  cleared.  In  an  inslanl  a  signal  yell  wasKivun,  it  waseclioeil  on  every  siile,  knives  and  waiclnlis  were  lirandished  in  every  direclnm, 
and  the  s;iva^es  rushed  npon  their  marked  victims.  'I'lie  first  lliat  fell  was  .Mr.  Lewis,  the  ship's  clerk.  He  was  leaning  with  folded 
arms  over  a  hale  of  hlankels  cnnaHcd  in  liar^;aininn.  when  he  received  n  deailly  stall  in  the  hack  .ind  fell  down  the  I'ompanionway. 
Mr.  .McKay,  who  was  seated  on  the  lalfrail,  sprang  to  his  feel  linl  was  insl.inlly  knocked  down  with  a  warcliili  and  flunn  hackwards 
into  the  sea,  where  lie  was  dispatched  hy  the  w(nnen  in  Ihc  I'anoes.  In  ilie  n\eantinie  Captain  Thorn  made  a  ilesperate  finht  ajjainst 
fearful  odds,  lie  was  a  powerlnl  as  well  as  a  resolute  man,  hut  he  had  come  npon  ileck  willioul  weapons.  Sliiwish,  (lie  yonn^ 
chief  singled  liitn  <nil  as  his  particidar  jirey  and  rushed  npon  him  at  llu'  first  onllireak.  The  captain  had  liarely  lime  lo  draw  a  clasp 
knife,  willi  one  Mow  of  which  he  laid  ihe  yoiinj;  sav.'i(;e  dead  at  his  feet.  .Several  of  the  stoutest  followers  of  Shewish  now 
set  upon  him  ;  he  defended  liimsclf  vigorously,  dealiiiK  crii>plin^j  lilows  lo  rij^hl  and  lel't  and  slrewinj^  the  ipiarterdeck  with  dead  and 
wounded.  His  ohjecl  was  to  hulit  his  way  to  llie  cahin  wjiere  there  were  firearms,  hut  he  was  heinmed  iii  with  foes,  covered  with 
wounds  and  faint  with  loss  of  hlood.  h'or  an  instant  he  le.'ined  upon  the  wheel,  when  a  hlow  from  heliind  witli  a  wanduh  felled  hiiii 
to  the  deck,  where  he  was  disp.ilched  with  knives  and  thrown  overhoard.  While  this  was  transacting  upon  the  (|narterdcck  a  chance 
medley  fiK^'t  was  goin^  on  throuj^houl  the  ship.  The  crew  fouj^lil  desperately  with  knives,  hi.tnlsjiikes,  aiul  whalever  weapons  Ihey 
could  sei/.e  upon  in  a  moment  of  surprise.     They  were  soon  overpowered  hy  ninnhers  and  mercilessly  hulchered. 

".•\s  lo  the  seven  who  had  heeii  sent  doll  lo  make  sail,  they  conlemplatcd  with  horror  the  carua^e  that  was  Koing  "»  helow. 
Heing  destilute  of  weapons  they  lei  Ihctnselves  down  hy  the  running  rigging  in  liopes  of  pelting  helween  decks,  due  fell  in  the 
attempt  and  was  inslanlly  dispalclieil ;  another  received  a  dealli  hlow  in  the  hack  as  he  was  descending;  a  Ihinl,  Sleplieu  Weekes, 
the  armorer,  was  mortally  wounded  as  he  was  gelling  (Uiwn  the  hatchway.  The  remaining  four  nuuU*  ^ood  their  retreat  into  Ihe 
cahin,  where  they  found  Mr.  Lewis  still  alive  thon),di  mortally  woinnled.  iiarricading  the  ealiin  door,  they  luokc  holes  ihrounh  the 
com])anion  way,  and  with  the  muskets  and  ammuniliou  at  hand  opened  a  hrisk  fire  that  soon  cleared  Ihe  deck.  Thus  far  llie  Indian 
interpreter,  from  whom  these  particulars  are  derived,  liad  liecu  an  eye  witness  lo  the  dciully  conli'cl  He  had  taken  no  pari  in  it, 
and  iiad  hi-eu  sjiareil  l»y  the  natives  as  lieing  of  their  race.  In  the  confusion  of  the  moment  he  look  refu).;e  with  the  rest  in  the 
canoes.  The  survivors  of  the  crew  now  sallied  forth  and  discharged  some  of  the  deck  guns,  which  «lid  ^ri-al  I'xeciiUon  anions  the 
eauoes,  and  drove  all  the  savages  lo  shore.  I'or  the  rcmaimler  of  the  day  no  one  ventured  lo  put  off  for  the  ship,  deterred  hy  the 
etfecls  of  the  fire-arms,  'fhe  ni^hl  passed  away  wilhoul  any  further  allempt  on  tile  pari  of  the  natives,  and  wlici"  the  da>'  d  iwned 
the  7'i'i/i/uin  still  lav  at  anchor  in  the  hay.  her  sails  all  loose  and  ll.ipping  iu  the  wind,  and  no  one  appareiilh  on  lioard  of  her.  .After 
a  lime  some  of  the  canoes  veulured  forth  to  reconnoiler,  taking  with  them  the  inter]ireler.  They  paddled  ahont  her.  keeping 
cautiously  at  a  ilislance,  hii'  growing  more  ,ind  more  einholdeued  at  seeing  her  i|niel  and  lifeless.  One  man  at  length  made  his 
appearance  on  the  cleck,  and  was  recogni/cd  hy  the  interpreter  as  Mr.  Lewis.  He  lu.'ide  iVieudly  siv;ns.  and  inviud  them  on  hoaid, 
hut  it  was  long  hefore  they  ventured  to  comply.  Those  who  mounted  the  ileck  met  willi  no  op))osilioii.  No  one  was  to  he  seen  on 
hoard  ;  for  Mr.  Lewis,  afU  r  inviting  them,  had  disa]ipeared.  Other  eauoes  now  jiressed  forward  lo  hoard  the  pri/e  ;  llie  decks  were 
soon  crowiicd,  and  the  sides  covered  with  sav.agis,  all  intent  on  plunder.  Iu  the  midst  of  their  eagerness  and  exultation,  the  sliiii 
lilew  lip  with  a  tremendous  explo.sion.  .•\rms,  legs  and  niiililaled  hodies  were  hlown  into  the  air,  and  dreadful  lia\oc  was  made  iu 
the  surrounding  canoes.  The  interpreter  was  iu  the  niaiii  chains  at  the  time  of  the  explosion,  and  was  thrown  iiuhurl  into  the 
water,  where  he  succec'led  in  gettin^r  into  one  of  the  canoes,  .\ccording  lo  his  statement  the  hay  ])rcsented  an  awful  spectacle  after 
the  catastroiilie.  The  ship  hud  dis;ippcared.  hut  the  hay  w.is  covered  with  fragments  of  the  wreck,  willi  shattered  canoes,  and 
IinU  ;us  swiniiniug  for  their  lives,  or  slru.iiglin^  in  the  agonies  of  deatli  ;  while  those  who  had  escaped  the  d.in^t-r  rem.'iincd  a^ihasl 
aud  sturelied,  or  m.ide  with  frantic  panic  for  Ihe  shore,  fpwanls  of  one  hundred  sav.ii^es  were  destroyed  hy  tjie  explosion  ;  iiiauy 
more  w.  e  shockingly  mutilated,  and  for  days  afterwards  the  lej.js  and  hodies  of  the  slain  were  thrown  upon  tile  heach.  'I'lie  terrihle 
revenj.;e,  which  Lewis  <'arried  to  such  a  l)lood\- <Milniinatiou,  caused  fearful  lamentations  in  the  camps  of  the  survivors;  hut  llieir 
weeping  and  wailing  was  changed  into  yells  of  fury  when  four  unfortunate  white  men  were  lirou);lil  into  camp.  They  h.id  escajied 
iu  the  loMghoat.  and,  as  Lewis  refused  to  accomi)any  them,  had  left  him  to  carry  fuit  his  plan  of  reven^'c.  They  were  iinahle  to  get 
away  from  the  land,  and  .sought  refuge  in  a  small  cove,  where  they  were  surprised  while  sleeping.  They  were  saerificeil  hy  the 
natives,  and  made  to  emlnre  all  the  lingering  tortures  that  savage  cruelty  could  conjure  up.  .Some  time  after  their  cle.ath  the 
inter, .reter  elTccted  his  escape  and  hronght  the  tragical  tidings  to  .\storia." 

Hefore  the  news  of  the  fate  of  the  V'oi/i/t/iii  reached  New  York,  the  American  ship  /Inurr,  Captain  Sowles, 
was  on  her  way  to  Astoria,  where  she  arrived  May  ,s,  i8i2,  with  reinforcements  for  the  Astor  colony.  She  ni.Tde 
a  coasting  trip  to  the  north,  taking  the  place  of  the  lost  'ronquiii,  intending  to  return  to  Astoria.  Instead  she 
went  to  the  .Sandwich  Islands,  carrying  with  her  Mr.  Hunt,  Astor's  chief  factor.  Before  Mr.  Hunt  could  return 
to  Astoria,  his  partners  had  completed  arrangements  for  handing  the  business  over  to  the  British,  and  the 
following  year  witne.s.sed  the  downfall  of  the  Astor  enterprise  on  the  Columbia.  The  British  sloop-of-war  luurooii. 
Captain  Black,  arrived  in  the  river  and  took  formal  posses.sion  of  Astoria,  hauled  down  the  American  anil  hoisted 
the  Brili.sh  flag,  changing  the  name  to  Fort  George.  Previous  to  the  arrival  of  the  Rmrooii,  the  American  ship 
.llbnlioss  came  to  Astoria  from  Honolulu,  having  been  chartered  there  by  Mr.  Hunt  of  the  I""ur  Company.  Not 
realizing  the  threatened  danger  to  the  Astor  possessions,  Mr,  Hunt  returned  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  but  .soon 
after  his  arrival  heard  vague  rumors  of  the  British  loup  d'etat.  He  chartered  the  brig  /\i//<u\  and  in  b"ebruary, 
1814,  returned  to  Astoria,  but,  finding  England  in  possession,  the  PedUxr  soon  sailed  iway.  Shortly  after  her 
departure  the  British  ship  lanac  Todd  arrived  at  Astoria  for  the  Canadian  Northwest  Fur  Cnnipany,  and  a 
temporary  era  of  British  supremacy  began. 

In  i.Srs  shipping  had  not  yet  recovered  from  the  war  scare  of  1.S12.  and  vessels  in  the  Northwest  were  few 
in  number.  The  Northwe.st  Fur  Company  employed  the  .schooners  Colonel  Allen  and  Columbia,  and  two 
Russian  vessels,  the  /linen  and  Chhckojf.  were  trading  along  the  north  coast.  The  following  year  the  schooner 
Lxdia  and  the  old-timer  .  Ubatioss  were  back  again,  and  the  ships  Sultan  and  .Itlas  also  came  out  from  the  ICast. 
A  F'rench  'v^s.sel,  the  Boidelais,  arrived  at  Nootka,  being  the  first  vessel  to  enter  that  port  after  the  tragical  end 
of  the  Iloston.     The  Colonel  Allen  was  dispatched  to  China  in  August. 

In  1817  the  liordelais  was  still  here,  and  the  American  brigs  Jiiutiis  and  Clarion  and  the  British  brig 
Colnnibia  were  trading  along  the  coast.  In  181S  the  American  sloop-of-war  Ontario,  Captain  liiddle,  and 
H.  M.  S.  /Ilossoin,  Captain  Hickey,  arrived  at  Astoria,  dispatched  by  their  respective  governments  to  .settle  the 
international  question  as  to  the  ownership  of  Astoria;  and  on  the  fith  day  of  October,  in  conformity  to  the  treaty  of 


V. 

ill 


Barlieat  Vnynyrs  in  thv  Nurthwvst.  Ailvimt  of  Steam  Niivigniion 


n 


ay  until  llic 
Iiulintis  thi.'ii 
II  (k'sirtd  to 
of  savages. 
L'ial  account 


I'd  llie  ship  to 
.irv  (liri'itiim. 
IK  Willi  liildtil 
tinpaiiioinvny. 
iiK  ''iii-kwanls 
!•  TikI'I  HHiiiiist 
sh.  llic  yi>nn(4 
:>  draw  ii  clasp 
Slu'wisli  now 
will)  ilcad  and 
,  I'livuiTd  with 
hd>  fi'llcd  him 
lict'k  a  chance 
weapons  llicy 

)inK  on  hclow. 
nu  fell  in  llic 
phen  Weckcs, 
[■treat  into  tlie 
•s  iliroUHh  the 
far  the  Indian 
1  no  part  in  it, 
lie  rest  in  tlie 
■111  ainoiiK  the 
.■terreil  hy  the 
e  day  il  iwiled 
of  her.  iXfter 
her,  keeping 
i^tli  made  his 
lem  on  ho.-iid, 
.  to  he  seen  on 
he  decks  were 
itioii.  the  ship 
c  was  made  in 
iliurt  into  the 
pectacle  after 
1  canoes,  .old 
iiaineil  .iKhast 
iicni  ;  many 
rile  terrihle 
irs  ;  hilt  their 
y  had  escaped 
un.ihle  to  K'el 
riliced  liy  the 
eir  dealli   the 


itl  Sowles, 

She  tiindu 

iistcad  she 

oitld  return 

and   the 

•ar  luurooii, 

ltd  hoisted 

lerican  ship 

any.     Not 

!,  but  soon 

I'Vliniary, 

y  after  her 

any,  and  a 

■it  were  few 
and  two 
le  schooner 
the  I';ast. 
radical  end 

Iritish  brig 
liddle,  and 
o  .settle  the 
le  treaty  of 


C.hent,  I'ltglaiid  restoied  the  settlement  of  I'ort  Ocorgc  to  the  United  States.  The  restoration  having  I.een  made 
in  due  form,  both  vessels  departed,  l-'roni  i.si.s  until  iN-'.S  Hie  principal  vessels  in  the  Northwest,  with  those 
previously  mentioned,  were  the  AnurieaM  ship  /7<>/«r<«,  Captain  Clarke,  which  was  wrecked  in  Alaska  in  1.S19,  the 
.\inerican  shi|>  A'./i,'/' ,  Capt.  Thtmias  Meek,  the  American  ship  /,</.(-.(;,  Captain  Tost,  the  Mintoi\  Captain  Martin, 
the  \  oli(iil,;)\  Ciptaiii  Ueiinett,  and  the  brigs  .l),tl\  l-),di,\  IWUit,  Sidhiii,  .lilivc,  /./ir/f  and  .Ucxamln. 

In  i,S.M  the  presence  of  the  American  whaler  /loiiiily  in  llehring  Sea  was  the  means  of  establishing  a 
precedent  in  international  law  that  recoiled  on  the  heads  of  the  Americans  many  years  later.  The  /U'lnily 
was  seized  by  the  Russians,  and  on  a  protest  from  the  United  States  Government,  which  contended  that  Russia 
h.ad  no  jurisdiction  beyond  the  three-mile  limit,  the  /toinily  was  released  and  an  indemnity  paid  to  her  owners. 
Si.\ty-five  years  later,  long  after  the  United  States  had  bought  all  of  Russia's  rights  in  these  waters,  the  Americans 
seized  some  Ihitish  scaler^  and  il  cost  the  Government  in  the  neighborhood  of  a  million  dollars  to  learn  that  it 
had  failed  to  purchase  any  water  rights  from  Russia  except  those  which  she  had  a  right  to  sell. 

In  i.Sj(.  the  Vtiiiioii:,!-:'  the  first  vessel  built  on  the  Columbia,  the  /><'//r  was  shiiiped  fiom  the  I'last  in 
sections,  -was  launched  at  \'ancouver.  She  was  a  two-masted  schooner  of  about  eighty-live  tons  burden  and  was 
constructed  by  carpenters  brought  from  the  Orkney  Islands.  She  made  .several  successful  trailing  voyages  to  the 
mirth,  but  w.is  ("inally  wrecked  in  i.S;,j  on  the  northern  shore  of  Oueen    Charlotte's  Island. 

IVrliaps  the  most  noted  arrival  in  i.Sj;  was  the  Hudson's  Hay  schooner  Cailhoro/  which  n  iched 
\'anciiuvcr  from  London. 

The  brig  <>:iil/iir.  Capt  lin  Dominus,  and  the  schooner  Gor.vv,  Captain  Thomiison,  entered  the  river  in  182S, 
having  been  dispatcheil  In   .Marshall  iV  Wild  of  lioston.     The  ('('//;'<;r  arrived   in  I''ebruary,  the  same  day  that  the 

".\ii  old  loK  of  this  schooner  is  now  in  possession  of  Mr.  Harry  Cdide  of  Victoria,  and  a  pernsal  of  its  pages  nives  a  very 
Kood  idea  of  the  cinhrvo  state  of  marine  matters  at  this  early  date.  In  (iily,  iSvi.  she  left  Vancouver  for  n  trading  voyage  to  tile 
p'raser  Kiver,  with  the  following  oilicers  :  Willi.ini  Uvan,  comniaiider  ;  William  Plales.  lirst  male  ;  James  .ScarhoroiiKli,  second  male  ; 
PMw.ir.l  Deiiiiisini.  carpenter;  William  (llseii,  cook;  Thom.is  Wood.  James  Johnston,  .Aliens  SicI.eod,  Willi. on  Jones.  Joseph 
Kalpli,  seamen :  W,  Ka\  iiioiid,  Duncan  CainphcU  and  Thomas  Clarke.  ap|Meiitices,  and  two  Kanakas.  The  lo^  inoceeds  as 
follows  :  ■■  liilv  s  -Weiniieil  from  l>'ort  V.incoiiver  at  noon,  in  company  with  llic  ( \ullwio  and  luiiilf  ami  proceeded  down  the  river, 
.\t  i):,V)  lirini),di't  up  in  live  fathoms  w.iur.  July  .)— .\t  ,S  .\.  M.  weij^heil  ai'ul  proceeded  down  the  river.  .-M  i  r.  .M.  p.issed  llie  .\mericiiii 
lirig  ('.-(  r/;.'<' lioniid  111).  I')Ncliaiined  colors  w'iih  her.  .\{  y  !'.  .M.  tirouKlil  11)1  in  6  fathoms  water.  July  io-.\t.l:.vi  weighed  ■iiiil 
dropiied  ilowii  tlic  river.  .\i  s  liroiiuht  up  a  little  alio\e  llrav's  Hay  and  delivered  iS  casks  of  sail  and  Jo  empty  casks.  Made  sail 
and  worked  down.  .\t  I  1'.  M.  hroiight  up  at  entrance  Toiinne  Point  Channel  to  Inioy  the  /Ciix/r.  .At  5  the  /uix/i'  passed  us. 
Weiglieil  ami  proceeded  ilown.  lirouKht  up  at  9:,v>  in  2  fathoms  near  h't.  CieorKe.  July  i  r— .\t  .|  \.  M.  wei^hel  and  made  sail.  .\t 
S  hroUHhl  up  at  I't.  (".eorne  ami  delivereil  7  empty  casks,  5  .salt  casks  ami  2.^  planks.  U'eceiveil  on  lioard  ;,  hoat  loads  of  halliisl.  Al 
()  I'.  M.  weighed  and  proceeded  toward  liakei's  U.'iy.  .\t  <):,vi  hrou^dlt  up  ue.ir  Sandy  Island  in  5  f.ithoms.  July  12  — .At  6:;,o  weighed 
and  ill. ide  sail  ;  at  S  hroii,i;lit  up  in  llaker's  Hay  in  ;,'.  fallioms.  Keccived  on  lioard  ^oods  from  the  CihVh>i,k  .At  d  r.  M.  look  in 
the  IniiKhoat  anil  K"!  ready  fiu'  sea.  July  1 7  -.At  noon  wei>;heil  and  heal  over  the  har  ;  at  2:,v>  hroiij;lit  "p  outside  the  har  in  10 
fathoms  to  wait  for  the  /uii;/i\  M  4  weiKlieil  and  made  sail  in  comp.iiiy  with  the  /uii;/i'  and  Cinlhoin.  .\t  S  iv  .m.  Cape 
Ilisappoiiilnieiit  l>ore  N.  l').  '..  I').,  ahoiit  7  leagues.  July  2;,— .At  g  A.  M.  Cape  h'iatlery  liore  north.  .\  nn'nl  many  canoes  ahout  tile 
vessel.  .At  noon  li«lit  liree/es  and  line  ;  Cape  p'attery  S.  W.  |  or  s  miles.  ( \i,//iiiiii  and  A'lfcA'  out  of  si,i;lit.  July  2S  — .At  v.Vi  weighed 
.ind  made  s.iil  ;  at  (>  A.  M.  liroii>;ht  iij)  in  17  lathoms.  Point  Roherts  hearing  W.  hy  S.  .At  o  weighed  and  in  cimipany  with  /uii;/i' 
proceedeil  toward  p'raser  River.  W  :!  r.  M.  lircMiKht  ii]i  in  7  f.ithcuns  and  sent  the  lioal  to  sound  the  ch.iunel.  Julv  2y  -.\l  y  weighed 
and  proceeiled  across  channel.  .At  1  :;,o  toncheil  groniul  in  1 '4  f.ithoms.  Run  ked),'e  out  and  hauled  her  oil'.  .At  2  r.  M.  anchored. 
Julv  .VI  .A'.  7,  t'i;i/Aii(()  liove  in  siyht.  .\t  11  sent  a  ho. it  and  6  hands  to  assist  the  /uiglr.  July  ,;i~--\l  ,S:,V' !'•  Ji- weighed  and 
jiro'ceeded  down  toward  the  C\n//ii>to  with  ,\  hoats  towing  aheacl.  .At  ,S:_v>  l)roii.i;lit  up  at  entrance  to  channel  in  10  lathoms.  .Aug.  i  — ■ 
.At  I  I'.  M.  weighed  .ml  proceeded  tow  ard  tile  /•.'.(;'/(•;  al  2  v.  M.  lironght  up  in  ;,  fathoms  water.  .At  ,=;:.(('  ■'•  M.  weiKheil  and  made 
sail  to  Ko  to  the  /uh^lr  ready  for  hauling  .doiiHside  id'  her.  .Au^.  2  -Hauled  aUniKside  the  /Ciii;/i'  to  take  car^'o.  Discha.-Keil  hallasl 
in  her  and  took  in  for  P't.  Laugley  60  casks  salt,  i  mill  wheel,  13  hundles  iron,  25  hales,  i  jar  oil.  5  cases  kuus.  i,^  ke^s  shot,  1  keg  n.'iils, 
I  hoK^he.'i.l  ofsng.'ir.  4  casks  powiler.  17  hi^s  Hour.  2  ke^s  yrease,  .s  cases  sunilries.  I  Kriitdslime,  -1  lilids.  molasses.  3s  casks  salt,  2 
hdls.  tohacco,  I  punch,  mm.  1  hag  rice,  1  hamper  kettles,  i  kej;  rosin.  2  saws.  2  ke^s  shot,  ;,  cases  sundries,  i  iron  lioijer.  to  pigs.  2 
o\eii,  2  cows,  I  hull,  2  calves,  I  cask  molasses.  Delivered  T,  lilds.  trading  powder  a.;d  2  kegs  shot.  .Aug.  7 — Met  Mr.  Vale  with  2 
hoats  from  Lan^lcy  and  delivered  part  of  cargo.  .Aiii;.  14  —  HrouKht  np  .^  miles  Iielow  Lan^ley.  .An^.  rs-^Weiyheil  at  10  jind 
kedyed  toward  I, an^h-y.  .\t  ,^  I'.  M.  lirou^lit  uji  at  h'orl  I.auKley  iiiid  delivered  the  li\'e  stock.  .Aug.  17. — Receix'ed  (»u  hoard  16 
casks  salmon,  12  hdls.  shingles,  l^  bales  i»e,i\'cr.  lO  hales  dried  salmon.  .Au^.  i^  -M  5  I'.  ^1-  let  go  warps  .'iild  hauled  off  to  salute 
the  fort  hefore  leaving.  The  wad  from  one  of  the  guns  struck  Tlierwein,  one  of  the  t'ln-t  men,  and  wouiide<l  him  so  severely  th.it  the 
(loor  fellow  died  ahout  2  hours  .iflerward.  .Au^.  20— Crossed  <uit.  .Aug.  2S — Weighed  and  towed  toward  the  port  of  Port  Discovery. 
.At  q  A.  M.  heat  into  the  port  and  found  lyiiix  there  the  .American  hrig  Ou>\hi't\  Sept.  6— Weighed,  and  in  going  from  I*ort 
Partridge  passed  the  .Americiin  hrii;  f/('//:'.'i'.  Captjiin  Thompson.  Captain  came  on  hoard."  -After  crnisiuK  and  relnriiing  to 
l.aiiLjley.  the  schooner  took  on  hoard  some  more  salmon  and  furs,  and  entry  .Septemher  22d  reads  :  "  .\t  da\'liKlil  unriKKed  the  stage, 
hauled  in  our  lines  read\'  for  leaving  p'ort  l.aiiKley.  Received  011  hoard  as  passengers  Mr.  .N'aness  and  2  lioys.  an  Indian  hov.  2 
C.inadians.  ',  Indian  women.  2  children.  .Scut  (icorKe.  the  Kanaka,  on  shore  ami  took  Manilla  on  ho.inl.  .At  7  weighed,  lireil  5 
Ljuns  and  proceeded  down  river.  Draft  t'orw.ird.  S  ft,,  aft.  .s  2.  .Sweeps  and  ho.its  iiseil  all  the  wa\'do\vn.  .Sept.  .v  Left  Cape 
I'Mattery  .|  \\  M.  with  N.  wester  and  at  noon  Oct.  i.  sighted  Cajie  Disappointinent.  Oct  2— .At  1  \\  M.  stood  in  for  the  har  ;  .it  5:-,(i 
hrouKlit  up  in  1  (  fat!ioiiis.  Cape  N.  W.  '_.  mile.  .At  4:50  /iinj/t-'i  boats  alongside.  .\t  7:15  with  light  breeze  proceeded  into  llaker's 
Hav,  sweeping  and  towing." 

^  The  ('tull'Oit)  w.is  built  at  Rye.  County  of  .Sussex,  in  1S24,  one  deck  and  two  masts.  sch'unicr-rii.;Ked.  with  ii  standing  bow- 
s])rit.  She  was  built  and  owned  by  tiie  Iludsmrs  Hay  Company,  iiiid  s.'iiled  from  London  on  her  first  trip  in  the  fall  of  1S26.  rounding 
Cape  Horn,  and  arriving  at  I'ort  X'.iuconvcr.  Oregon  Territoiy.  in  the  spriiii.;  of  the  followiutf  year.  briiiKiuK.  beside  her  crew  of 
picked  men,  several  new  servants  for  the  Iludson's  Ha\'  Compiiuy,  about  tliirt\  jiersons,  all  told.  On  .■irrival  al  \'aiicoiiver  Capl.-iin 
Swan  left  the  vessel,  and  \\.  Sini])son,  a  naval  Heiileiiant,  became  inaster.  He  retained  command  iiulil  June,  is^i,  when  he  retired 
from  the  service  .iiul  was  succeeded  by  Captain  Sinclair.  .At  this  time  the  CaJhitiit  was  the  cnick  vessel  of  the  I'acitlc  Coast.  .She 
carried  si\  uiiiis.  tliirt\-  live  men.  and  made  a  barrel  of  nione\'  for  the  Hudson's  Hjiv  Comiianv  on  her  tiadine  trips  between  Noolka 


I'l''    . 
Sound  and  P'ort  Vancouver.     Captain  Sinclair  lell  tlie  vessel  in  iS.Vi.  ami  Capt.  William  Ryan  assuineil 


eoinmaml 


In  iS',5  Cajilain 


Hrotchie  (after  whom  Hrotchie's  Ledge  takes  its  name)  took  charge,  remaining  im  her  until   i.SiS.     It  was  while  he  was  master 


thai  the  harbors  of  Victoria 


1.1  V. 


ipi 


alt  ' 


dir 


vered  hv  the  steamer  lit 


ri\  and  the  ( \ulbiiio  was  the  second  ■ 


el  to 


Victoria  harbor.  coiniuK  iu  under  command  ol'  Captain  Hrotchie  in  |S^7.     She  also  entered  and  named  Cadboro  Hay  about  the  same 


lime.     Ca])i.  James  .ScarboriniKh  s 


ceded  Cai»lain  Hrotchie  ami  continned  s.iiling  her  for  ten  years,  when  iu   1S4S  he  ^ave  wav  to 


James  SauHSter,  who  reinained  wilh  her  until  |S";|    when  Caiit.  J.  L.  Sinclair  took 
'  ■        '  // 


.  coinmam 


1.     Tin 


idvent  of  the  Otii- 


vliich 


ow  assisting  the  /tt'ttrrr,  had  a  temlency  lo  relegate  the  ( 'tutl'iini  to  tlie  rear  :  and.  thoiiKh  she  did  ^ood  service  until  the  K'dd  rush 


iu  1H5S,  she  was  beginning 
owner  ojieraled  her  as  : 


lo  show  age,  so  in   iSi'm  the  company  sold  her  al  aiiciion  lo  Captain  Howard  for  *2,.|5o.      lie 

al  and  Inniber  vessel  between  A'ictoria  and  neighboring  ports  until  October,  1H62,  when   dnriii;.(  a  trip 

.in.iiht  in  a  ^ale  a  few  miles  from  Tort  .\ugeles,  sprang  a  leak,  and  was  run  ashore  t)v 


u])  the  Sound  with  a  cargo  of  lumber  she 

the  captain  in  charge,  where  the  heating  of  the  surf  soon  knocked  her  lo  pieces. 


!   I 


M 


/.i'Iv/k  4  Oryili'n's  Murlnv  Histoiy  nf  thr  P.icific  Northwi'st 


V 


bnrk  IVilluim  mid  .  tun'  wn.H  wrecked,  ami  one  ol  litr  Ixmts  iniidi'  an  iiiisucceHHt'ul  nttcinpt  to  rescue  the  crew  (it  llie 
doomed  vessel.  The  ();,]/iir  and  the  I'oiiivy  remained  nearly  a  year  in  the  Colnmhia  trailing  with  the  Indiani, 
both  securing'  vahiahle  cargoes  of  furs.  The  hark  W'illiinii  nin/  Ann  arrivecl  olT  the  river,  hut  never  reaiheil  port. 
goiuK  to  pieces  on  Clatsop  Spit.  Other  vessels  in  tile  Northwest  during  the  ileeade  prior  to  t.sv',  not  mentioned 
previously,  were  the  Noh  Ki<y,  fnnn  llostou  in  i.sj,^  and  again  in  iHjs.  the  '/'liltni  and  the  lltnild  in  \^2\,  the 
hrig  (Iri/fin  in  i8j.s,  the  /.oiii'sa,  .Ir/ivr  aiul  I'oliinleer,  llostou  vessels,  in  1H28. 

In  iS,vi  the  hark  /viiA(7/i;,  Captain  Ryan,  was  stramled  on  Sand  Islniul.  and  ahandoued  hy  the  crew,  who 
were  fearful  of  meeting  the  fate  of  the  crew  of  the  W'illhiin  and  .Inn,  erroneously  reported  massacred  hy  the 
Clatsop  Indians,  when  that  vessel  was  lost  two  years  before.  Had  they  not  been  so  easily  frightened  they 
might  have  saved  the  ship  when  the  tide  turned.  As  it  was  only  a  portion  of  the  cargo  was  secured.  In  August, 
[S^i,  the  Hritish  bark  Ganymedf  arrived.  She  sailed  from  London  on  November  11,  iS.^o,  in  command  of  Cajitain 
Charles  Ki.ssling.  Iler  tonnage  was  a  trifle  over  two  hundred.  As  the  nu)Utli  of  the  Columbia  was  destitute  of 
charts,  buoys  or  pilots  at  that  time,  larger  vessels  were  deemed  unsafe.  She  carried  a  crew  of  thirty,  and  six  guns. 
Among  the  apprentices  aboard  was  John  Dunn,  who  afterward  wrote  a  book  on  Oregon,  and  Oeoge  I).  Roberts, 
who  died  a  few  years  ago  at  Cathlamet.  Including  the  Ihiylirc,  Convoy  and  one  or  two  others,  which  had  been 
here  before  this  date,  fully  forty  vessels  visited  the  Northwest  duritig  the  decade  following  i.S.io.  A  goodly 
portion  of  this  fleet  were  Hudson's  Hay  Company's  vessels,  and  among  the  number  was  the  old  steamer  lienxrr,  by 
far  the  most  important  one  that  had  yet  visited  these  waters,  and  a  craft  that  will  li\t  in  history  long  after  the 
magnificent  steamers  which  followed  her  have  been  hidden  by  centuries  of  oblivion.  The  Hritish  brig  Hnad  was 
the  first  arrival  in  the  thirties  after  the  (/(i;/rwd(('c.  She  came  in  i.S.u  and  was  on  the  coast  until  the  following 
year.     The  American  brig  Llanut,"  Captain  McNeil,  arrived  in  iS.^a,  and  was  sold  the  following  year  to  the 

Hud.son's  Hay  Company,    The  Amer- 
1,  lean   brigs  Afay   nacre    and   liuiofia 

were  here  in  18,^4,  the  latter  remain- 
ing until  i.s^s,  when  the  Hudson's 
Hay  bark  (ianymcdc  was  on  the 
Cohuidiia  in  command  of  CajUain 
Kales;  the  brig  Ptyad  returned 
again  this  .season. 

With  the  Hi  ait  r  in  i.S,^6  came 
as  consort  the  Hritish  bark  Columbia,' 
Captain  Derby.  The  other  Hudson's 
Hay  vessels  visiting  the  Northwest 
in  1.S36  were  the  barks  [Jama  and 
Nereid,  while  the  American  fleet  com- 
prised the  vessels  Joscpli  I'eabody, 
Europa,  l.oriol.  Convoy  and  I.a  Grange. 
The  I  Jama,  Nereid  and  Lorioi  were 
still  here  in  1H37,  as  also  was  the 
pioneer  Cadboro.  In  April  the  Amer- 
ican brig  Diana  arrived  from  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  bringing  several 
passengers  who  had  come  to  Hawaii 
on  a  ship  from  Hoston  the  previous  winter.  The  Hritish  bark  Siimalr:  also  brought  .several  pa.s.sengers  from  the 
islands.  The  American  .ship  Hamilton  traded  along  the  coast,  and  two  British  Government  vessels,  the  ship  .Sulpluir 
and  the  schooner  .Slarling,  on  an  exploring  tour  of  the  world,  spent  .several  weeks  in  this  region.  In  iS;,,'^  the 
Columbia  came  back  from  Kngland,  and  the  /.lama,  Nereid  and  Cadboro  were  in  the  Hudson's  Ha^'  service  in  the 
Northwest  and  to  the  islands.  The  American  ship  Joseph  l\-abody  was  also  here  again.  In  i8,^g  the  Sulphur,  in 
command  of  Capt.  Edward  Belcher,  with  her  consort,  the  schooner  Starling,  Captain  Kcllett,  entered  the  Columbia 
River  and  made  extensive  soundings  and  surveys  on  the  bar,  the  larger  vessel  grounding  and  narrowly  escaping 


HAVKR"    IN   ViCTOKIA    llAKItOR 


Ic- 


3:  Ml 


"  111  1S2S  Uie  Imrk  William  and  Ann  entered  the  Coliiiiihia  one  afternoon  in  the  month  of  rdirniiry  in  coiiipanv  with  the 
Americiui  schooner  Convoy.  The  Convoy  was  in  the  lead  and  passed  into  Halter's  Day  in  safety,  bnt  the  hark  strnik  the  sands  and 
dnriiiK  the  nielli  went  to  pieces.  .\  lioat  from  the  schooner  Convoy  attempted  to  ),'o  to  their  relief,  Init  the  wind  rising;  made  the 
attempt  ])eriloiis  and  compelled  the  rescners  to  retnrn  withont  reaching  the  hark.  None  of  the  crew  were  ever  seen  alive  after- 
ward, and  the  Indians  claim  that  they  were  all  drowned.  When  the  Convoy  reached  Vancouver  a  hoat  was  sent  down  In  investigate, 
obtaining  no  trace  of  the  missing  men,  hut  most  of  the  cargo  in  the  possession  of  the  Indians,  a  sub-chief  of  the  Cl.'itsops  having  a  hoat 
and  oars.  He  refused  to  give  up  the  plun<ler  and  moreover  incited  the  otiiers  to  retain  what  they  had  gathered.  I'inally  the  IIuil- 
son's  Hay  Company  sent  a  lirilish  .schooner  down  there  to  shell  the  vilLige.  killing  the  chief  and  two  of  his  men.  In  many  accounts  of 
this  wreck  it  has  been  stated  that  the  crew  were  murdered  by  the  Indians,  but  there  is  nothing  in  evitleuce  to  hear  out  such  assertions. 

'On  this  voyage  the  I. tamo  rescued  three  survivors  from  a  Japanese  junk,  wrecked  near  Cape  Flattery,  and  took  them 
to  Vancouver,  from  whence  they  were  sent  to  Kngland.  The  rescue  of  these  men,  who  Iiad  been  blown  over  from  the  Orient, 
during  a  continuation  of  heavy  gales,  has  been  confused  with  the  story  of  the  famous  beeswax  ship,  reported  to  have  been  wrecked 
over  one  hundred  years  ago;  even  yet.  when  the  winter's  storms  wash  the  sand  from  the  buried  beeswax,  and  the  .-ittendant 
periodical  item  appears  in  the  papers,  the  pioneer  contributor  confidently  testifies  that  the  Japs,  rescued  by  the  I. lama,  aiul  the  crew 
of  the  lieeswax  ship,  are  identical. 


Earlmt  Vnyagvs  in  the  Northwi'st,  Advvnt  of  Steam  Naviyathn 


»5 


e  i-rew  of  tin- 

lliu  IiKliaiiM, 

rciuliiil  port, 

it  iiK'titidiii'd 

ill  iMj^,  llii- 

lit'  iicw,  who 
acrid  liy  tlic 
litfiifd    lliuy 

In  Au^ist, 
III  of  Caiitain 
s  (Ifstitiitf  ol 
iiul  six  KU1IS, 
-■  I).  Kohurts, 
ch  had  tiveii 
A  Koodly 
er  /IfitiTr,  by 
oiiK  after  tlit- 
^  nryml  was 
lie  fiillowiiig 
:  year  to  the 

The  Amer- 
aiid  h'.uiopa 
alter  remain- 
he  Hudson's 
was  on  the 
(if  Captain 
a  i/    returned 

ill  iS  Vi  came 

rk  (-'I'liiiiibia,' 

ler  Hudson's 

Northwest 

l.lama  and 

in  fleet  com- 

■ph    Ptabody, 

d  I. a  (1  range. 

I.oiiol  were 

so  was  the 

1  the  Ainer- 

from    the 

iiig   several 

le  to  Hawaii 

ers  from  the 

lip  Sn/f>liii>- 

In  iS;,H  the 

rvice  in  the 

S/i//>/iur,  in 

ic  Columbia 

y  escaping 


d 


paiiv  witli  tlic 
the  saiuls  and 
sing  made  the 
n  alivL'  aflcr- 
o  iuvestigale, 
having  a  lioat 

illy  the  Ilu.1- 
ly  aci-onnlsof 
ch  asst'rtioiis. 
i<l  took  tlieni 
11  the  Oriuiit, 
liien  wreckcii 
the  attendant 

and  Ihi'  crew 


destructinii  nn  wlint  was  afterward  known  a*  Peacock  Spit.  Other  veHHcls  in  i.'HS  were  the  Hudson's  Hay  bark 
I'limoir.rr,  Captain  Duncan,  the  briK   /'/'i"«"i  I'likiiis.  and  tlic  sliiji  /■':'>, it; <i-,  Captain  Tiioiiips.m. 

Tliere  is  a  tinRC  of  romance  connected  with  the  history  of  the  prosaic  old  hulks  which  ploweil  North- 
western waters  in  early  days,  many  of  which  have  passed  out  of  existence  so  Ioiik  ago  that  dal.i  reKanliiiK'  them 
is  very  unreliable.  Hut  thaiik.s  to  the  foresiRht  of  lier  builders  niul  a  kindly  I'mvideiice,  there  was  one  ve*  ■  1 
wlKise  name  and  fame  will  last  as  long  as  steam  and  sailing  vessels  are  in  use.  "The  Old  Steamer  /li<nr>,"  ns 
she  was  called,  was  the  first  steamer  that  enteieil  the  waters  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  ;  and  for  a  (piarter  of  a  century 
before  her  iKiioiniiiious  cud  on  the  rocks  at  the  entrance  to  Iturrard's  Inlet,  and  during  many  years  after  the  imiK- 
nificent  ocean  liners  and  IreiKht  steamers  of  nearly  every  nation  on  the  face  of  the  earth  were  churning  the  waters 
of  the  northern  seax,  and  hundreds  of  les.ser  craft  steamed  in  and  out  of  the  navinable  streams  in  the  Northwest, 
the  old,  original  /Inifii  was  .serenely  following  her  old  vocation,  with  timbers  as  stanch  and  .sound  as  on 
the  day  she  was  launched.  The  //,,/;c;  was  built  in  iH.is  on  the  Thames,  and  it  is  safe  to  .say  that  no  other 
vessel  built  altervvard  attracted  anywhere  near  as  much  attention  as  this  pioneer  of  the  Pacific  ;  and  from 
the  day  that  her  keel  was  laid  until  she  went  down  the  llritish  Channel  and  disajipeared  from  sight  on  the  track- 
less ocean,  she  w.as  watched  with  the  closest  interest.  Over  i5ci,o<io  people,  incliidiiiK  King  William  and  a  large 
number  of  the  nobility  of  Ivngland,  witnes.sed  the  launching,  and  cheers  from  thou.sands  of  throats  answered 
the  farewell  salute  of  her  guns  as  .she  sailed  away  f'T  'i  "ew  world.  But  little  was  known  about  steam  marine 
navigatinn  at  that  iieriod,  and  the  far-olT  Pacific  Northwest  was  even  more  of  a  mystery,  cotisei|iieiitly  much 
speculatidii  was  indulged  in  as  to  the  success  of  her  cruise.  The  machinery  was  placed  in  position,  but  the  side- 
wheels  were  not  attached,  so  she  was  rigged  as  a  brig  and  started  for  her  destination  under  canvas,  with  Captain 
Home  in  cnininand.  The  bark  Co/ inn  bin  sailed  with  her  as  am.sort,  but  the  lu<ix,r  was  too  speedy,  and  reached 
the  Columbia  in  advance,  after  a  pa.ssage  of  i6,^  days. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Harry  Glide,  a  Victoria  pioneer,  we  were  enabled  to  secure  a  copy  of  the 
or'ginal  log  of  the  old  steamer,  which  is  here  given,  the  dales  omitted  being  unimportant  in  a  work  of  this 
character.  The  historical  value  of  this  document  cannot  be  overestimated,  and  we  give  the  same  in  as  c(  idete 
a  I'orm  as  our  space  will  admit  : 

"  I.iiK  fif  llie  steaniHhip  lleatci;  from  (Iravesenil  for  tlie  Coluinliia  River,  .Viigust  27,  is^i;.— Crew  list  on  leaving  Crrnveseiiil: 
I).  Ildine,  <-oiniiiaiiiler  ;  \V.  C.  Ilainillon,  first  mate;  Charles  Dodd,  second  mate;  I'eter  .Vrllinr,  chief  engineer  ;  jnhn  Donald, 
sei'niiil  enuiiieer;  Henry  ll.irrell,  carpenter  ;  William  Wilson,  C.eorge  ("lonloii,  William  I'hillips,  James  Dick,  deiirgi'  Holland,  fames 
Mclnlvre,  William  lliirns.  alis.  Tlinrsday,  .Angnst  27,  IH.^S— 3  I'.  M.,  Jiihit  came  on  hoard,  hauieil  the  vessel  out  of  docks  ami  pro- 
ceedecf  down  the  river.  .S  i'.  M.,  came  l<i  anchor,  wilh  light  winds  from  the  sonthward.  .Aug.  2S  -.1  a.  m.,  weighed  anchor  and 
proceeded  lr)ward  Cir/ivesend.  7  A.  M.,  anclioreil  olf  Ciravesend.  People  employed  the  resl  of  the  ilav  lilting  sleering  halyards, 
lilocks  anil  gear.  .\iig.  21)— Wind  easl  I'eoph-  varionsly  employed.  3  i'.  M.,  weighed  anchor  and  found  Ihe  slock  gone.  Dropped 
down  to  the  he.iil  ol  l,ca  Reach.  Aug.  ,vi— Commenced  with  foggy  weather  and  light  airs  from  the  north.  3:,',o  a.  .m.,  sent  to 
('■raveseml  for  an  .mchor  slock.  7  A.  M.,  weigheil  anchor  anil  proceeded  down  I.ea  Reach,  wind  easl.  .\t  onn  hronght  np  in  llic 
lower  pari  of  Ihe  re.icli.  (i  i'.  M.,  weighed  anchor  and  proceeded  down  the  channel,  nip.  M.,  anchored  olT  the  lower  part  of  tile 
wharf  ill  si\  fallioms.  .Vng.  ,ii  —Commenced  with  fresh  lireeze  from  the  N.  Iv.  6  A.  M.,  weigheil  anchor  and  proceeded  towaril 
tile  ilowns.  .\t  noon  arrived  in  the  down"  ami  the  pilot  left  us.  This  day's  log  contained  only  twelve  hours.  .Sept.  1  Commenieil 
wilh  moderate  liree/e  from  the  east.  At  noon  set  llie  larlioard  foreloinnasl,  lower  and  topgallant  sail,  h  w  M.,  sliortcneil  sail  for 
tile  ('oliiiiihiii :  Dungeiiess  light  liore  H.  liy  X.,  .S  miles.  At  10  took  in  the  steering  sails,  lieachy  Mead  light  hearing  N.  N.  W. 
Miilnighl.  Ileachv  lleail  light  N.  Iv.  'j  K.,  distant  alinut  four  leagues.  2  A.  m  ,  set  the  steering  sails  larlioard  side.  10  a.  .\i.,  signal 
Iroin  the  ( 'iiliiiiiiiiii,  wishing  to  sjieak  ns.  Hove  to  for  her,  and  she  rciiorted  the  ileath  of  Mr  Carney,  her  chief  male.  .Sept.  2  — 
Moilerate  liree/e  and  clear  weather;  oliliged  to  carry  easy  sail  to  keep  in  company  with  the  Coliimhia.  .\  w  si  ,  set  the  larlioard 
steering  siiils.  ,S  a.  .\i.,  set  the  starhoard  steering  sails.  People  employed  in  setting  up  topmast  and  topgallant  rigging.  I.,atilude 
.14  (h.  .Sept  ,?  Cominenced  with  fresh  hree/e  and  clear  weather,  .st.vi  i'.  -M.,  sent  llie  royal  n]i  and  set  the  sail.  S  i'.  m.,  shortened 
sail  for  the  Cii/niii/iia.  II  1'.  M.,  cloudy;  look  in  the  topgallant  steering  sail.  I.atituile  4^^  .S.i.  Ion.  7 -.(4  west.  .Sept.  4--I,ight 
V. triable  wiiuls  and  clear  we.ither.  4  p.  M  ,  no  wind  and  rain.  5  P.  M..  shorlening  sail  for  the  i'ohiinhiij.  Midnight,  light  wiiiil, 
clonily.  1  A.  M.,  light  wiiiil  and  heavy  rain.  (1  A.  .M..  set  the  foresail  and  forelopgallant  .sail,  royal  and  gaff  topsail.  IVojile  eniployeil 
ilrawiug  ami  knotting  yams.  I, on.  .S  ,?4,  lal.  4S-5S.  Sept.  s  Calm  and  cloudy,  4  p.  M.,  with  rain.  Noon,  steady  hree/e  and  cloudy. 
People  employed  greasing  m.'ists  and  cleaning  forecastle.  Siguali/.ed  to  the  Colmithia  lo  steer  S.  W.  .Sept.  h  ^toderale  and  cloudy, 
111  ire  np  for  the  l','hniihi,t  and  signali/ed  course  toiler.— west.  Midnight,  clear.  .Spoke  two  Dutch  vessels  houiiil  to  the  easlwanl;  look 
in  lower  sleering  s  tils.  Several  vessels  in  sight  stamling  to  the  eastw.'ird.  Mustered  the  crew  and  had  prayers.  I. on.  in  iS,  lal.  .(5  54. 
.Sept  7  Light  hree/e  and  line  weather.  Itore  up  for  the  Cohmthia.  Light  airs  .and  rain.  People  emplovi  d  ahonl  the  rigging; 
sisly  gallons  of  water  expemleil,  4.072  remaining.  Sept.  S— Light  airs.  Tacked  ship  ami  set  slarlioanl,  topmast  and  topgallant 
sails.  People  variously  employeil.  Signalized  course  S.  W.  lo  t'li/rt/MA/i;.  .Sept.  y  Moderate  liree/.e,  all  sail  set ;  sluiwed  colors  to  a 
I'reiich  shij).  People  variously  employed  aliout  the  rigging.  6'(?///////i/(;  in  company  hearing  X.  IC.  'j  V.,  Sept.  in  -.Sleadv  hree/e 
througliont.  Took  in  lower  steering  sails;  set  them  again.  .Strange  sail  in  sight  slanding  lo  the  easlwanl.  People  employed 
in  making  mats  for  the  rigging.  .U  noon  Cohiiiihia  bore  X.  '•  west,  distance  2  miles.  .Sept.  11  —  ]\I<iilerate  ami  line  llironghont. 
Took  the  larboard  steering  sail  in,  look  fore  topsail  in.  Peojile  emjiloyeil  w-ashiug  clothes  and  airing  bedding.  .At  noon  signali/ed 
course  and  longitude  to  the  Co/iiiii/ii,i.  Longitude  14-44,  lal.  ,^6-2'v  Sept.  12— Moderate  bree/e.  Set  the  jib  and  galT  topsail. 
l'eo]ile  eiuiiloyed  scrnbbing  paint  work,  cleaning  'tween  decks  and  greasing  masts.  Cohiiiihia  three  miles  distant.  Sept.  13 — M.ule 
the  island  of  Porto  .Sauto  bearing  .S. S.  W.,  distant  10  leagues.  .M  noon  made  island  of  Madeira,  west  point,  bearing  S.  .S.  W.,  8 
miles.  Read  jirayers  to  the  ship's  company.  Sept.  15  Light  brec/.e  throughout ;  spoke  the  rn/wwA/d.  Sail  in  sight  hound  to  tlie 
.S.  Sept.  14  — Moderate  and  steady  throughout.  Signalized  longitude  and  course  to  the  I'oliiinhia.  .Ml  necessary  sail  set.  Sept. 
20 -Moder.'Ue  traile  wind,  spi.-ills  and  rain;  fine  weather.  Made  Cape  St.  .\utonio,  bearin.g  south,  .vi  miles.  Performed  divine 
service.  Sept.  22— Light,  variable  breezes.  .-V  vessel  in  sight  on  the  starhoard  beam  standing  to  the  N.  iS:  W.  People  employed 
as  yes'erday,  .Sept.  24  — Light,  variable  breeze.  Took  In  the  royal  topgallant  sail  and  the  galT  tojisails.  Light  bree/e;  made  <•  11 
sail.  People  emploved  as  yesterday.  7  A.  M.,  hove  to  for  the  ColiDiibia,  and  at  10:3,1  bore  np  to  her.  .Sept.  26  -Liglit  bree/e 
throughout.  .-V  sail  111  sight  standing  to  the  southward.  Sept.  27— Light  airs  throughout.  Hove  lo  for  the  f'i)/»/«/);i/.  Heavy  rain 
with  Ihuuder  and  lightning;  weather  too  un.settled  lo  read  prayers.  Sept.  29 -Light  bree/e.  Hove  to  for  the  Columbia.  Spoke 
Ibc  Cii/u  III /'ill  and  m.ide  all  sail.  .Sept.  30— Light,  variable  breeze  with  heavy  head  .sea.  Hove  lo  for  the  t'nliiiiilnn,  and  fired 
several  guns  but  secured  no  answer.  Made  sail  ;  fired  three  rockets  for  the  Coliiiiihia  hut  received  no  answer.  W.  3  p.  M..  during 
a  heavy  siiuall,  lost  sight  of  her  when  she  w.is  ahonl  two  miles  iistern  ;  at  S  p.  m.,  at  which  lime  signals  were  always  exclianged, 
no  answer  could  be  secured.  Oct.  4 — Moderate  breeze.  Spoke  a  brig  honnd  for  Montevideo.  Re.id  pr.ayers  to  the  ship's  company. 
Oct.  7— Moderate  trade  winds  Ihroughout.  People  employed  in  engine  room  with  the  engineer,  del.  11  —  Moderate  trade,  sipialls 
occasionally.  Read  prayers.  Latitude  13-24,  Ion.  25-02.  Oct.  15— Light,  variable  breeze.  Made  the  island  of  Triniilad,  bearing 
S.  '.  W.,  distance  S  leagues.  Lon.  28  13,  lal.  20-25.  Del.  16— Light,  variable  airs.  Trinidad  S.  K.,  5  miles.  Oct.  25— I'resh  breeze 
and  fine  weather,  hard  sijualls,  weather  loo  unsellled  lo  read  p-ajers.     Lon.  37-14,  lal.  30  28.     Oct.  30— Strong  breeze  and  heavy 


I 


wmm 


16 


/.ew/c  cp  Dryckn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


\ 


ttiMJ 


heatl  sea.  I.uiij^iludc  ,^7  '  5',  latitude  .17'  ,17'.  Oct.  31  —Moderate  breeze.  A  sail  on  the  weather  <|uarter,  lu'  .iiiif;  to  the  suuthward. 
N'ov.  4 — I'Vesli  bree/e  and  stiually.  IvOiiijitude  4,^^  ^^4',  latitude  42"^  7,'.  Nov.  S — Motlerate  bree/e.  Tt'ni])er.iltire  57'  air,  50  water. 
I,on.  51  -.vl.  hit.  15  -19  Nov.  1 1 — Made  the  Ivdklatid  Islands  bearing;  S.  by  W.  Nov.  i,\— Strouy;  bree/e  tlironyhoul.  increasinj^  with 
lieail  sea.  .A  sail  on  the  weatlier  beam  standing  to  N  Nov.  15 — Moderate  bree/e  with  lu-avy  sea.  freshening  with  rain.  Wealher  too 
unsettle-I  to  read  pr.iyers.  I.tni.  6i-;i.v  lat.  56- 'yV  N<'V.  |S  — Stronj;  luee/e.  MadeCajie  Horn  liearinj^  N.  by  \V..  distant  mlfaj^jues.  At 
noon  Cai)e  Horn  N.  H.  by  IC;  passed  Island  of  Diej^o  Raniire/.  Nov.  20  -Stroni,^  bree/e.  A  sail  in  sii^lit  bouml  to  the  N.  ^i  V.. 
Nov.  22  — I're^h  -^ales  with  heavy  sipialls  and  hail  ;  weather  tot)  bail  to  read  prayers.  I. on.  7S  7,  hit.  .=iq-fi2.  Nov.  25  -  I'resh  bree/e. 
A  sudden  scpiall  carried  aw.iy  tojjtnast  steerinj^  sail  bixnn.  Heavy  fall  of  snow.  Nov.  20— Heavy  .^ale  ;  lay  to  under  fore  topsail. 
Nov.  27— Strong'  j.;ale  anil  heavy  sea  ;  lyiiij,'  to  uinler  double-reefed  foresail.  2yth— I)ri//linj.(  rain  and  foj.r).,'y.  Made  land.  liearini; 
N.  N.  l\.  and  tacked  to  the  westward.  I. on.  75  45.  lal.  49  29.  Dec.  6— I'resh  bree/.e  throuj^hont.  with  showers  of  rain.  I. on.  S^, 
lat.  45-19.  Dec.  S— Calm  and  clear.  .\  DanJsli  ship  in  sij^ht  bound  to  the  west.  Dec,  lo — Moder.tle  bree/.e.  A  sail  in  sij^ht  staudinj; 
to  the  N.  I'*,;  v.ind  N.  x  \V.  Dec.  12— Moderate  bree/e  antl  cUnidy.  Made  the  Island  of  Juan  I'eruande/.  N.  by  \V.  '..west.  Rent 
the  cables  and  i^oi  tile  anclior  over.  Tacked  and  stood  in  fur  tlie  land,  workinj^  into  Cumberland  harbor.  Dec.  i.v-At  S  i*.  .M. 
came  to  anelu)r  in  Cumberiand  harttor  in  12  fathoms  of  water ;  lindin^'  we  had  ilrifled  ilnrin.i;  the  nij^ht,  \vei).;hed  ancluir  and 
lowed  over  to  t!ie  starboanl  shore,  anchorint;  in  10  fathoms.  The  wind  shifted  and  swnn^  ny,  in  shore  with  only  two  and  a  half 
fathoms  under  stern.  Sliifled  berth  and  warped  her  farther  out,  i  ad  let  ^n  anchor  in  12  fathoms.  C.aveher  45  fathoms  of  chain. 
.\t  II  A.  M.  the  t'(j/«»//'/(/ hove  in  sij.;ht.  Dec.  16— I'resh  bree/e  throuj^hout  with  heavy  si|ualls  otf  the  laud.  Teople  employed 
j.iettin.Lr  water  oiT  to  the  r<'///»//v'(/.  Carpenter  niakiui^'  a  main  boom.  Dec.  iS -Li).;ht  bree/e  N.  N.  W. :  weij^hed  anchor  an<l  made 
sail  for  the  Sandwich  Islands.  Hove  to  and  sent  two  boatdoads  of  water  on  boanl  the  Colnuihia.  At  midnight  the  island  bore 
S  by  1{.  'j  \\.  Dec.  19  Moilerate  biee/e  ihrouj^hout,  N.  N.  \V.  People  emi»loyeil  unbendinj.(  cable  and  stowinj^  ancliors.  8:30 
\.  M.  hove  to.  to  send  water  on  board  the  Cciuiiihiu.  I,on.  So-oi,  hit.  .V>~54.  Dec.  20— Light  breeze  N.  \V.  Hove  to  for  the 
Co/utfi^>i\i,  made  sail,  and  shorteneil  sail  for  Columbia.  Head  prayers  to  the  ship*',  conijiany.  Dec.  21 — Moderate  bree/e  N.  N.  W. 
Si>,MiaIi/ed  loniiilude  to  the  Cohnn^ia  ,^  miles  distant.  I'eople  employed  repairing  topsail.  Dec.  22  — Light  bree/e  throughout. 
Showed  lougilutle  to  the  Colmiihia.  Island  of  .Ambrose  sighted,  bearing  N.  \\.  '..  \\.  Dec.  2,^  — Light  bree/e  from  N.  \V.  .Ambrose 
Island  v..  S.  !•;  Dec.  24  Calm  and  clear.  Spoke  the  Colionbia.  l\)in)nhia  sent  a  boat  aboard  for  fresh  beef.  At  S  v.  y\.  hailed 
the  Co/ui/ibitt  and  reipiested  Caplaiti  Darby  to  send  the  iloclor  on  bor.rd.  as  Mr.  Hamillon  was  very  unwell,  also  one  of  the  crew. 
At  7  A.  M.  Mr.  Prattent  came  on  board  with  a  message  from  Ca]>tain  Darby  saying  the  doctor  pleadetl  illness  as  an  excuse  for  not 
coming.  Dec.  25  — Liglit  bree/e  S.  !•*.  Showed  longitude  to  tlie  ( 'oln>uhia,  bearing  S.  V..  Lon.  Si  59,  lat.  24-20.  Dec.  2S— Moderate 
S.  v..  trade  throughout.  Altered  course  to  close  with  IIk-  Cohifiihia.  Dec.  29.  -Moderate  trade  wind  S.  IC  rnl)tnt  the  mains.ail  for 
repairs.  Columbiit  bearing  S.  K.  by  V..  Dec.  ,V)  — I'resli  tratie  Iv.  with  rain.  Lou.  92-o.S,  lal.  iS  34.  I'riday.  Jan.  i,  1S36— Moderate 
trade  I^.  by  S.,  .st|nally,  with  rain.  Co/u/fibhi  W.  I)y  N.  Jan.  3— Moderate  S.  K.  trade  throughout.  Coluinhia  \\.  S.  K.  I.ou.  1(m^)-o4, 
lat.  14-21.  Jan.  6— Steady  irade  and  clear  throughout.  K.  S.  IC  Colimihia  N.  Iv  Lou.  105  4  vhit.  1  i-Lv  J-'"-  '2  —Moderate  trades  15. 
Lon.  12.)  29,  lat.  3  i>4.  Jan.  13  — I'lesli  trade.  s(jually.  Iv  Cohinthia  V..  S.  K.  Lou.  123.  lat.  S.  1-17.  Jan.  14 — I'resh  trade  K.  S.  K. 
Carpenter  nviking  a  rudder  for  the  ulialel)oat.  Lou.  125 -21,  lat.  N.  0-15.  Jan.  i6-Moderate  S.  Iv.  bree/e.  .Altered  course  to  close 
with  Coin  til  hia.  Lou.  12S  39.  lat.  \-2\.  Jan.  20— Light  N.  W.  bree/.e.  Col  mil  hut  \V.  Lon.  13;  3^.  lat.  10  13.  Jan.  22  -I'resh  N.  K. 
trades  with  rain.  Cu'nmhiii  N.  by  \V.  Lon.  L'^9-.S3.  hit.  12-56,  Jan.  25  Light  Iv  N.  Iv  bree/e  wiih  mist.  Hove  to  for  the  Colutnhia. 
Jan.  26  —Light  bree/e  with  rain,  Iv  N.  Iv  Lon.  145-50.  'at.  15-39.  Jan.  27 — LiglU,  v. triable  breive  Iv  Captain  Home  went  on  board 
Colunthiti.  Jan.  28— Moder.ite  Iv  S.  IC.  bree/e.  j^atitide  by  Polar  star  at  2  a.  m.  10-5.^  N.  Jan.  30  -S.  L.  bretve  al  noon  ;  taken 
aback  with  a  stpiall  from  N.  ^:  Iv  Lon.  151-15,  lal.  iS  52.  l"eb.  1  — Hove  to  for  the  Cohnubia,  Made  tlie  island  of  Owyliee,  bearing 
\V.  by  S.  -At  ?i0(m  3.)  miles  distant.  Peb.  2— I,osl  sii.ht  of  the  C<'luin''/ii.  Lon.  154  4S.  hit.  20  43.  I'eb.  3— Vari.dile  bree/e,  K.  S.  Iv 
Matle  island  of  ^Iacoa,  S.  by  \V.  4  leagues.  Cohitnhio  sighted  Iv  N.  Iv  Peb.  4 — Sighted  \\'oahon  Island.  At  2:30  v.  m.  Mr. 
Keyuohls  came  on  boanl  to  pilot  us  in.  .At  3  i'.  m  came  to  a'lclior  in  4  falhoms  of  w.iter  in  IIoni)luln  harbor.  i"eb.  7  -I'ine 
weather.  Atteiuled  divine  service  on  sliore  with  ship's  company.  Peb.  14— I'ine  weather.  William  Wilson  wvnl  on  shore  without 
leave  and  against  positive  order;  not  to  go.  Peb.  17 — The  mate  made  the  following  jtitry  :  'At  11  a.  m.  Captain  Ch.uilon,  His 
Majestv's  Consul,  eaiue  on  board  ami  reprimanded  William  Wilson,  seaman,  for  leaving  the  sliip  on  Sunday  last  against  (trders.  also 
for  his  insolence  to  me  (Ui  the  p.i.ssage  and  general  bad  conduct.*  Captain  Home  wrote  over  this.  '  Not  coned.'  ami  as  ;>  lool-note 
addecl  :  '  In  reference  to  the  log  of  the  17.  Ca])tain  Charlton  came  on  b()aril  the  /n\i:rr  al  niy  request  to  t;ike  William  \Vilsou  out 
of  the  vessel  for  punishmetil  for  having  left  the  vessel  without  leave,  but  William  Wilson  showing  great  eonlrition  for  his  olfence 
and  the  re.U  of  the  people  begging  that  he  be  not  punished,  and  that  they  wonlil  be  answerable  for  his  conduct  in  the  iutnrc,  I 
reprimanded  him  and  sent  luni  to  his  dutv.'  P'eb.  19— Let  tlie  old  slork  of  water  out  of  the  boilers,  it  being  very  bad,  Took  on 
board  i.txt-J  gallons  of  water.  I'eb.  24  Crew  employeil  pre])ariug  f()r  sea.  I'el».  25— At  4  P.  M.  weiglied  anchor  and  made  sail. 
.At  ,s  r.  M.  came  to  anchor  in  Houolnlu  roads  iu  15  fathoms  water.  Receiveil  on  board  J  Sandwich  Islanders  tc)  work  their  passage 
to  tlie  C(dumbia.  i'eb.  2h-~'.  i.  Dodd,  2d  olVicer,  exchanged  with  Mr.  Prattent  of  the  Colutn/uu.  by  periuission  of  Caj)lain  Home 
and  Captain  Derby.  At  11  a.  .m.  weighed  .anchor.  I'eb.  2C— I'resh  N.  Iv  trailes.  Island  of  Woalioo  bearing  N.  by  Iv  '_.  Iv  Peb. 
27— Ivist  wind  al  noon;  a  .S.  Iv  stpiall  with  tliunder  an.i  lightning  jibeil  the  m;un  boom  and  carried  away  the  gatT.  I-'eb.  2S — 
Sipiallv  wealher.  i'olunihia  W.;  answereil  her  light.  Weather  loo  unsettled  to  read  pr.iyers.  Lon.  155-II.  hit.  25  16.  Mar.  3  — 
W.  N.  W.  bree/.e  earried  away  the  main  gatf,  .At  9  A.  M  signaleil  the  ( 'oliitnhia  for  her  car])enler.  who  came  on  boanl  at  10  to  assist  ir 
making  a  main  gatT.  Mar.  4  Liglit  bree/e  ^^  S.  Iv  Shortened  sail  to  keep  in  couipany  w>.  1  the  (.'oluinhio.  I'olinnhiu's  boat  left 
atSiiop.  M.  Set  all  sail  on  the  larboard  tack.  Mar.  5  -^Moderate  S.  Iv  bree/e.  Ci>liiinhia  N.  Iv  '..  N.  I.on.  143-31.  bit.  3^-28. 
Mar.  9— I.iglit  S.  Iv  winds  wiih  sipialls.  Shortened  sail  and  hove  to  Uyr  Ci>/ it >/i bid's  boat.  IVojiIe  employed  cleaning  arms.  I,on. 
135-0S.  lat.  39  <>'^  Mar.  13— Moderate  bree/e  with  hail  from  N.  W.  Shortened  sail  for  the  ('<>/.  Lon.  125-31,  lat.  14-33.  ^I-ir. 
14 — Moderate  brec/e  and  scpiallv  from  N.  Out  anchors  and  bent  cable  at  2:15  \\  M.  Observed  laud  ahead,  lieiring  fnnn  N.  N.  H, 
to  Iv  by  S.  Thv  i  I'liti/ibitJ  not  in  siglil.  Lon.  126  ih.  lat.  44  41.  Mar.  15  Strong  wind  from  N.  W.  I'ired  rockets  for  the 
Colunthia.  (M)served  land  bearing  from  Iv  to  N.  N.  Iv  Lon.  121  -41,  lat.  45  35.  Mar  '6  -Light  bree/e  W.  N.  W.  nl)served  Cape 
Disa]>pointuiunt  aheail  at  530;  Caju-  Low  N.  by  Iv;  Point  .Adams  N.  by  Iv  '.  easi.,  distant  S  or  i)  leagues;  Mlntl"  Point  N,  Iv  '^ 
K.  Light,  variable  airs.  Tacked  ship  at  11:30;  fireil  t\\o  guns.  Iteahugs  at  no(Ui  :  Cape  l)isai)pointiuenl  N.  'j  IC;  Point  .Adams 
N.  Iv  l>v  Iv;  Chinonk  Point  N.  N.  Iv  'j  Iv  Mar.  17  — Light  W.  wind.  lieariugs  at  noon  :  Cape  !)i>iappointnient  Iv  by  N,;  Cliinook 
Point  Iv;  Point  Adams  K.  S.  Iv  Stnindings  in  black  s;inil  17  to  50  fathoms.  Mar.  iS— Calm  and  clear  wealher,  N.  W.  At  4:10  hove 
to  uitli  head  to  westward,  strong  tide  setting  to  the  N.  At  3  1'.  :\I.  stood  in  for  the  bar,  ?'Ouniling  everv  live  minutes.  Cajie  Iiciiring 
Iv  N.  Iv  Mar.  19  Slooil  in  for  the  Colunii)i;i  River  bar  with  the  wind  frinu  N.  W.  At  2  a  canoe  came  alongside  wiili  natives. 
.At  6  r.  y\.  wind  variable  ami  strong  ebl)  tide  ;  7:30  anchored  in  7  fathoms  with  I'l  fathoms  chain.  Hearings:  Point  IClIis  Iv  b\  N.; 
LujH'  Dissa]ip<tinlmeut  N.  by  Iv  at  8:30  p.m.  Ploc  1  tide  made  with  a  fresh  bree/e  from  the  S.  Iv  7  a.  m,  I\Ir.  Heath,  chief  mate  of  ihe 
(i\jtiMH, il(\  came  on  board,  also  the  (iovernor  of  I'ort  Cieorge.  .Al  9  weighed  anchor  and  made  all  possible  sail  ;  al  10:50  shortened 
sail  ami  came  to  -inehor  in  baker's  Pay  in  5  fathoms  of  water  Sunday,  March  2o-M(iderate  bree/e  from  S,  Iv  Ci>lumhiii  off  the 
bar  al  3  P.  M.  Hoisted  a  union  jack  on  Cape  Disa])pointiiient  for  the  i  'ohioibia.  M.ar.  21  Moderate  bree/e  from  S.  iv  f  'oliimbia 
in  the  oiling.  Mar.  22  —  (oluinbia  came  in  al  9.30  a.  m.  and  anchored  ahead  of  us.  Mar.  23  — Light  bree/e  from  llie  weslward. 
l-'oggv  with  rain.  March  24  —.At  i  p.  m.  weighed  anchor,  and  made  all  sail  possible  on  a  wind  up  the  river.  At  3  p.  M.  anchored  in 
3  fatlioms  water  off  the  red  bluff.  At  4:30  weighed  and  made  sail  *lown  the  river.  P'indiug  we  were  too  near  the  satirl  bitik  at 
6:30.  anchored  in  7  fatlunr.s  water.  P'ort  (leorge  S.  Iv  by  S.  Tongue  Point  Iv,  Kcd  lUnlf  N.  by  W.  Mar.  25— 1 .1  4)10'  ed  sounding 
channel  across  to  Tongue  Point.  .At  4  P.  M.  Mr.  I.attie  arrived  from  I'ort  \'anconvt  -  to  pilot  the  vessel  u])  ll  c  river.  ]\T;ir.  2h  - 
Weighed  anciior  al  5:30  ami  stood  across  the  channel  to  Tongue  Point.  Least  water,  ou.irter  less  three.  Tlie  flood  being  done 
anchoreil  in  0  fathoms.  Tongue  Point  Iv  S.  Iv  At  2:30  p.  m.  weighed  and  made  -,ail  towards  Tongue  Point,  wind  S.  W.  In  crossing 
Tongue  Point  channel,  taileil  on  the  west  point  of  the  east  sand,  run  a  warp  out.  hove  olT  and  stood  up  tlie  river  .At  7  P.  m. 
anchoreil  in  7  fathoms  below  the  Pillar  ilock.  Oliserved  tlie  Colinnbiti  on  shore;  .sent  a  boat.  .Al  5  p.  m.  the  (olii.i/bi.i  lutve  oil', 
and  is  now  in  company.  ^lar,  27 — i  p.  m.  got  under  way,  wind  from  the  we.-tward,  and  proceeded  up  the  river.  At  2:30  ])assed 
the  Pillar  Kock,  least  water  (juarter  two.  .At  5  P.  m.,  not  being  able  to  stem  the  ebb.  brought  up  in  10  fathoms.  Three  Tree 
Point  S.  W.  '.  W.  2  miles.  Off  shore  tjuarter  of  a  mile.  Mar.  28  Calm,  witli  rain.  At  2  p.  M.  a  bree/e  sjitung  up  from  the  siuitli 
and  we  liove  short,  1  ut  falling  calm  again  with  strong  ebb  conl'.i  not  get  under  way.  At  4  P.  M.  got  under  way  with  ilie  wiinl  from 
tlie  south  and  ;  roceedecl  up  llie  river.  At  5:30  P.  M.,  not  being  able  \<)  stem  the  ebl),  anchoreil  in  9  f.ithom  between  Orchards 
River  and  the  lower  end  of  Piiget  Island,  the  Colmnbia  in  c(nnpany  Mar.  29— Calm,  with  rain.  At  8  a.  m.  got  under  weigh  with 
the  flood  and  light  bree/e  from  the  S.  Iv;  f.alling  calm,  down  boats  ami  towed  around  the  lower  end  of  Pugel  Islaml  'south  channel L 
1   p.  .M.,  flood  being  diaie,  anchored  in  5  fathom  about  2  miles  up  the  channel.     Al  2:30  i".  M.  a  l»ree/e   sprung  up  f'rom  th"  west  ; 


Eaiiifst  Vnyayrs  in  iln:  Nnrthwst,  Advi-nt  of  Stv^ni  Naviijiltnn 


17 


I  tile  soiilluvaril. 

■'  air,  511    water. 

iiu'rcasiiin  witli 

1.    Wcalher  too 

t  icilenKnes.    At 

to  llie   N.  Sl  Iv. 

;     I'rt'sh  bree/c. 

ler  fore  topsail. 

laiiil.     Hearing 

rain.     I, on.  S,^, 

1  si^'lit  staiidiiiK 

.   '..  west.      Rent 

I.',— .\t  8  !■.  .M. 

ed   anchor  antl 

two  and  a  half 

lionis  of  eliain. 

.'ojile  employed 

lelior  anil  made 

the  island  l>ore 

:  anchors.     S:_^o 

ilove  to  for  the 

liree/e  N.  N.  \V. 

e/e  tliroii>;hout. 

s'.  W.     .\nilirose 

t  S  1',  M.  hailed 

lie  of  the  erew. 

a  excuse  for  not 

c.  2S — Jloderate 

the  niainsail  for 

iS-,6— .Moderate 

'..     Lon.  100-04, 

iilerate  trades  K. 

h  trade  IC.  .S.  K. 

course  to  close 

2-'  -I'resh  N.  I-;. 

r  the  I'l'lniiihia. 

±  went  on  hoard 

it  noon  ;    taken 

)wyliee,  bearing 

hrec/e,  K.  S.  Iv. 

I  2:,-,o  1'.  M.  Mr. 

.     I'eb.  7  —  I'iiie 

n  shore  without 

1  Chariton,    His 

inst  orders,  also 

d  as  .'  loot-note 

iaiii  \Vilson  out 

fur  his  olfence 

n  the  future,  I 

bad.     Took  oil 

and  made  sail. 

k  their  passai^c 

Caj)lain  Home 

!■:.  '.  l'.      I-eb. 

air.      I'eh.  2.S— 

16.      liar.  .',— 

It  10  to  assist  ii 

liiii's  boat  left 

hit.  .u  2,S. 

arms.     I. on. 

14  ,VV     Mar. 

from  N.  N.  H. 

kits    for  the 

Iiscrved  Cape 

>int  N.  !■;.  ". 

INiint  .\d<aius 

X.;  Chinook 

.\t  4:10  hove 

C.'ipe  bearing; 

wiM'.  natives. 

I'ris  !•:.  by  N.; 

cf  nr>1(;  t^f  llie 

horteiu'il 

hdiihiii  ofT  the 

( 'ofttmhia 

the  westward. 

mchored   in 

lllcl  li.  11k   at 

■d  sonndiuH 

M:ir.  2')  - 

d  beiii.i^  done 

In  crossing 

.\t  7  v.  M. 

ihiit  Ilove  off, 

;\t  2;;,o  p.isscd 

Three  Tree 

nnii  the  south 

he  wind  IVom 

cell  ( Ircliards 

r weigh  with 

nth  chaniien. 

0111  111"  west  ; 


;i. 


up  anchor  and  ni,ide  sail  At  4  P.  M  ,  not  having  snilicient  wind  to  stem  the  ebb,  let  ffo  "  kedge.  At  ,s  P.  M.  (lie  wind  shifted  to 
the  east  •  ni>  keik'e  and  anchored  in  ,s  fathom.  Coliimhia  in  comiianv.  .Mar.  .v>  I.iKhl  bree/.e  froii  the  cast,  with  ram.  At  1  p  M. 
a  bree/e'sprnni;  up  from  the  W.  N.  w'.;  up  anchor  and  made  all  sail  up  the  river.  At  2  p.  M.  wiiio  lell  built,  and.  not  beiun  able 
to  stem  the  ebb  let  v."  'i  kedge  Al  (i:io  wind  shifted  to  the  east  ;  up  kedge  iiml  let  go  sni.ill  bower  111  ,i  lathoms.  (  o/iimhia  in 
companv  Thick  and  fo^KV  witu  rain.'  Mar.  u  -Wind  ca,.!,  with  rain.  I'riday,  April  1  -Wind  V..  S.  I-...  with  heavy  ram  .Xpril 
2-At  1 1  A.  M.  Kol  under  weij;li  with  a  li.uhl  breeze  from  N.  \V.  At  12  let  ko  a  kedge.  At  12:,V'.  up  kcdxt  ;  liKlit  bree/e  from  S  \V. 
with  heavv  rain  •  sent  boats  ahead  to  assist.  I'ive  P  M.,  tloiid  beiiiK  done,  anchore.l  111  4  lathoms  abrea:  t  of  Cull  Island.  Ajiril 
^-Wind  variable  from  the  eist.  with  rain.  At  ,^  P.  M.  weJKhed  with  the  win.l  from  the  N.  \V.  and  made  all  possible  sail  up  the 
river.  .At  ,s  P  M..  wind  failing,  let  go  the  stanioaril  bower  in  7  fathoms.  2  miles  below  Walker's  Island.  At  4  p.  M  observed  the 
(:"(|/hmi''/.i  iigronnd  and  sent  .1  boat  to  assist.  April  1  — Wind  east  and  clondy.  I.oo.scd  sails  to-day.  At  noon  boat  returned  Irom 
the  C\i/nm/'iii.  who  had  hove  off  at  |  A.  .M.  April  .s  Light,  variable  airs  from  the  east  with  passing  showers.  People  employed 
cleaning  out  for.  hold.  Coliimhia  in  companv.  April  6  -  Light  bree/.e  fnnn  the  west.  Al  9:.;o  p.  M.  weighed  and  made  all 
possible  .sail  np  the  river.  At  io:vi.  bree/.e  being  loo  light  to  stem  the  current,  anchored  in  .S  lathoms.  .-Vpril  7  -At  5:.V' a.  m. 
weighed  a'ld  lowed  u|i  with  the  ilood.  .\t  6:,v>,  Hood  being  done,  anchored  in  ,s  fathoms.  At  4:,vi  P.  M.  weighed  with  a  light 
bree/e  from  the  west  and  made  .ill  sail  up  the  river.  o:vi  P.  M.,  wiml  falling;  anchored  111  ,s  falhoms.  .-Xjiril  S  — At  ,1:30  A.  M. 
.veighed  aud  towed  up  with  the  liood.  At  6;vi  a  light  bree/e  from  the  west;  made  all  sail  and  up  boats.  .-M  iii:;,c>,  not  being 
able  to  stem  the  curreul,  let  go  a  kedge.  W  1 1  :,',o,  up  hedge  ami  let  go  the  bower  ill  9  (athiMiis.  At  2:30  got  under  weigh  with  a 
bree/e  from  the  south.  At  4:3.-  let  go  the  starboanl  bower.  At  ,s:,vi  P.  -M-  wcij.hed  again,  and  made  all  possible  sail.  At  6:,3o, 
wiiiil  failing,  anchored  in  4'.  fathoms.  April  9-Wiiid  S.  I;  ,  with  rain.  At  9  observed  the  /lioiigliloi,  (cutteri  coming  down  the 
river.  At  io:v>  she  anchored  abreast  of  us.  Al  1 130  P.  M.  weighed  and  maile  all  sail  with  the  wind  from  the  west  At  ,=;  p.  M. 
wind  fell  light;  let  go  a  kedge.  Al  f>:,V),  uj)  kedge  ami  let  go  bower  euie  mile  below  Co.. .11  Kock.  .-Vpril  m— At  4;,V)  P.  M. 
weighed  wiih  a  light  breeze  from  the  west.  Al  6:30  rounded  Parting  Point;  fired  two  guns.  Al  7:,vi  came  to,  abreast  of  I't. 
Vancouver,  in  9  falhoms.  I'ouud  King  there  the  Ilouor.ible  II.  Ii  schooner  ( WAixr'  Coliiiiihi,i  still  in  company."  Next  entries 
are  regarding  the  work  of  lilting  her  as  a  sleamer  :  ■'  Monday,  .May  1(1  A'ari.ible  winds  and  line  weather.  Carpenters  shipping  the 
paildle-wlieels.  \\.  4  p  M.  the  engineers  go^  the  steam  up  and  tried  the  engine-  and  found  to  answer  very  well.  Sailed  The 
schooner  ('(/i/Ac/d.  Tnesdav,  May  17  -.\l  davlighl  unmoored  shii>  ami  got  the  steam  up.  .M  3:30  weighed  and  ran  down  abreast 
of  the  lower  plain  for  Tiewood.  At  noon  liislicd  alongside  the  (o/iiiii/thi.  At  1  ;,^o  look  the  Colniiil>i<i  in  low  up  to  the  sawmill. 
.■\t  (1  relumed  and  anchored  off  I-'orl  Vancouver  in  ,■;  fathoms,  deceived  the  gl'.  long  gun  from  the  ('•iliiiiihin  May  23— .At 
daylight  engineers  employed  getting  up  steam.  .M  9  weighed  anchor  am  ran  down  with  steam  to  the  lower  j.lain  to  take  on 
firewood.  At  2  P.  .M  r'-'u'ined  to  the  fort  and  received  a  ]>arty  of  gentlemen  on  i/oard  and  ran  up  to  the  sawmill  and  back  to  the 
lower  part  of  Meuzies  Islam..  .-M  7  anchored  olT  the  for",  .iiid  found  the  engines  to  act  very  well.  May  31  M  9:30  a  party  of  ladies 
and  gentlemen  from  the  fort  came  on  hoard.  .At  945  weighed  anchor  and  ran  down  the  river  under  steam  ami  entered  the  upper 
branch  of  the  Wilhainmet ;  ran  under  half  power  uiilil  we  cleared  the  lower  branch  al  3;.sii.  and  ran  up  towards  Vancouver.  .At  ,s 
came  to  anchor  and  moored  i'l  our  old  berth.  .At  .S  called  all  hands  t,i 'splice  the  main  brace.'  June,'; — Our  draft  of  water  with 
boilers  empty  is  S  ft.  .s  forward  and  ,S  ft.  6  aft,  June  ^  -('olniiibia  sailed  for  the  .Sandwich  Islands,  hjigineers  painting  the  eugincs. 
crew  whilcwashiug  the  funnel.  .luiie  11  .At  12:30,  the  steam  heiu.g  up.  hove  short  and  received  011  boanl  a  parly  of  ladies  and 
gentlemen  and  weighed  and  ran  down  the  river  and  entered  the  lower  branch  of  the  Williammet.  .At  7:1,1  cleared  the  ujiper  br.inch 
.■Mid  ran  up  towards  \*aiicouver  and  anchored  in  our  old  berth.  June  19 — .At  1 1 :3o  weighed  and  ran  liowii  with  fresh  bree/es.  .Al 
.S:3o  p.  M.  anchored  near  Pillar  Kock.  Received  aboard  Duncan  hinlayson,  Ivsq  ,  chie^  factor.  Jniie  19 — .At  ,s  A.  M.  weighed  and  r.iii 
(low  11  the  river.  .At  6:30  very  hazy,  and,  not  being  able  to  see  the  channel,  anchored  i])i)osile  (iray's  liay  village.  .At  7:.|.s  weighed, 
and  at  .S(3  gronndeil  on  the  east  s.-ind  in  Tongue  Point  chauuel.  Ivndeavorcd  to  ba^-k  her  olV,  but  the  tide  ebbing  very  fast  f'niud 
it  imiiossible ;  ran  a  kedge  out  and  waited  for  the  Ilood.  .At  3  P.  M..  with  the  assistance  of  a  boat's  crew  from  the  i'o/n)iihii},  we 
hove  olTaud  ran  through  the  channel.  .At  4:30  anchored  olT  PI.  Ceorge;  found  the  I'ltlKiiihia  lying  here.  Iiiue  21— .At  i:3i>  weighed 
ami  ran  down  the  river.  .At  4:.v>  .mchored  in  Baker's  ll.iy  in  company  with  the  ('I'himhin  ;  found  the  engines  to  work  extremely 
wi'll.  Ilranghl  of  water  9  b  forward,  ii>-fS;ift.  Laid  in  the  b.ay  iiiiiil  2htli  getting  wood,  etc.,  and  waiting  for  the  swell  to  subside. 
June  2h~.At  I  P.  M.  weighed  anchor  and  ran  towards  the  bar.  Al  2  crosseil  the  b.",r.  the  least  water  being  quarter  less  lour.  ,Al 
2:30  Cape  Iiisapiioinlmeiit  bore  N.  K.  by  \',  ,  at  .S'l.i  I'^  by  -S.  '1  S.  .At  1 1  p.  M.  the  jilanking  in  the  dick  c;ibins  began  giving  way  in 
a  cross  sea.  carpenter  securing  them.  June  27 — The  after  part  of  the  starboanl  paddle-box  carrie.l  away  .At  daylight  saw  the  high 
land  to  the  N.  of  Nimtka  Sound.  luiie  2.S  — Rniining  along  the  laud.  .At  daylight  saw  Scot's  Island  on  the  starboard  how.  June  29-- 
I'inding  that  we  had  not  eno-.igh  fuel  to  carry  us  to  .Millbank  fort,  stopped  the  steam  aiul  made  sail  to  the  to])sail  ;iiiil  urshipped  five 
]>a<ldle-blades  on  each  side  to  avoid  holdin.g  so  much  water,  afterwards  shijijieil  the  pad. lie  blades,  made  st'..ini.  and  eutererl  llillbank 
.Sound,  anchoriiiLi  at  1 1  in  10  fathoms.  June  ,v> — .At  4.  after  taking  on  a  siippl\  of  won.l.  weighed  and  ra.i  :.p  the  Sound,  anchored  al 
6:30  opposite  Millbank  fort,  salliteil  the  fort  with  seven  guns,  whidi  were  retnrueil,  .\rrivcd  at  I-'ort  Simpson,  being  0  davs  going 
up.  owing  to  freijueiit  stojis  for  wood.     July  14 — .Arrived  at  Tnngase  ai,  I  fov-iid  there  the  Russian  h'ur  t'omp.any's  brig  i  /litst'l'oft." 

When  the  /Inr.rr  made  her  first  e.\ciirsioii  trip  from  X'aticotiver  slie  carried  among  other  pas.sengers 
tlie  pioneer.  H^:.  .Samuel  Parker,  who  in  his  reminiscences  states  tliat  tlie  ]>arty  aboard  tlie  steamer  indnlged 
in  "  a  train  of  perspective  rellections  upon  the  probalile  chan.i;es  that  would  t;ike  place  in  these  remote  regions 
in  a  very  few  years." 

The  //fdrrr's  crew  on  leaving  \';inciniver  was  as  follows  :  I)  Home,  ■omiiuinder  :  C.  Dodd,  first  mate  ;  A. 
I, attie,  second  mate  ;  1'.  Arthur.  T.  Donald,  engineers;  William  I,acke>-,  boatswain:  II.  T.  Harrett.  carpenter  ; 
William  Unrns,  cook  ;  William  Wilso'i,  William  I'hillips,  t5eorgc  (lordon,  George  Holland,  James  Dick,  James 
Mcliityte.  seamen  ;  John  Mcl,e;in,  Kanpihar  McDonald,  and  >wo  Kanakas,  stokers;  Mttrdock  Mcl.eod,  Lonis 
'rademier,  Tyneas  Tozier,  A.  .Martell.  Joseph  Marlelle,  Joseph  Michael,  Ilngh  Conniek,  and  six  Kanakas  and 
Indians,  v. oodctttters.  .She  went  into  service  wilhimt  delay,  rtinning  np  and  down  the  coast,  in  and  ont  of 
every  bay,  river  and  inlet  between  I'ltget  Soniid  and  .■\la:,ka,  collecting  furs  and  carrying  goods  for  the 
company's  posts.  At  this  time  nearly  all  of  the  far  Northwest  was  under  lea.se  to  liie  Hudson's  Hay  Coinpiiiiy  from 
Russia,  and  every  year  the  /hairr  went  up  to  Alaska  with  a  cargo  of  produce,  goods,  etc.,  viitli  which  to  pay  the 
rent.  She  occasionally  towed  a  Russian  vessel  on  these  tri|)s,  the  pay  for  which  was  duly  credited  on  her  account. 
For  many  years  after  her  arrival  on  the  .Sound,  she  made  freiinent  voyages  to  the  American  side  of  the  line,  and 
on  one  of  these,  in  1S51,  in  comm..nd  of  Captain  Steward,  the  sleamer  was  seized  for  an  alleged  infraction  of 
the  laws  aiid  sent  to  Olympia.  While  lying  there  Steward  put  the  man  in  charge  ashore,  and  steamed  awav 
for  the  Hritish  side.  Captain  Sabiston,  the  veteran  Hrilish  Columbia  pilot,  was  mate  on  the  vessel  at  the  time. 
Xothing  further  was  done  about  the  matter,  and  amicable  relations  between  the  Company  and  the  I'nited  States 
evidently  suffered  but  a  slight  shock;  for  in  her  logbook  under  date  of  N'ovember  J'>,  iSsfi,  appears  the  following 
note  :  "  Mr.  Lewis  the  mate,  left  the  vessel  per  order  of  I'reinicr  Douglas  to  go  on  lioard  the  I'liiled  Stales  .S.  S. 
.U(is.\<ic/i/i.<i//s  to  pilot  her  up  to  Sangster's  Island.  ' 

In  iSfio  the  /tatirr  was  extensively  overhauled  and  fitted  with  staleroDins,  and  ran  between  \'ictoria  and 
New  Wesliiiinsler.     .A  few  ye;irs  kiler  she  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Imperi.il  Hydiogr.iplieis,  nnd  rchartcr  finin 


^rm' 


18 


Lewis  fj  DryJvns  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


:     I    ■    1- 


the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  They  kept  her  hivy  for  several  years,  surveying  the  waters  of  the  Northwest. 
When  the  ves.sel  returned  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Compa:  y  in  October,  1.S70,  at  the  expiration  of  the  lease,  .she 
was  hauled  out  and  thoroughly  repaired.  On  e.xaniining  the  hull,  a  ten-pound  piece  of  rock  was  found  imbedded 
in  one  of  her  timbers,  a  lelic  wliich  she  had  carried  away  after  coming  in  contact  with  Race  Rocks.  She  was 
regarded  as  an  ancient  craft  even  in  tho.se  days,  r.iul  as  far  back  as  July  y,  18(17,  the  Colonist  of  V'ictoria  has  an 
item  reading  as  follows:  "  The  old  Hudson's  Bay  steamer  /itairr,  first  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  has  been  lately  on 
Laing's  ways,  and  examination  shows  that  her  timbers  are  as  sound  as  they  were  the  day  she  was  launched.  The 
Ihaver  ivill  receive  her  boilers  and  resume  her   surveying   duties    on  the  Northwest  coast.     She  is  thirty-two 

years  old,  and  will  outlast  most  of  the  steamers 
now  afloat."  In  1874  .she  was  refitted  and  made 
her  first  trip  as  a  towboat  August  8th,  and  on 
the  thirty-first  she  was  sold  by  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  to  Stafford,  Saunders,  Martin, 
Rudlin,  Coltman  and  Williams.  Captain  Rudlin, 
one  of  the  owners,  ran  her  for  the  new  company, 
and  she  got  along  very  well,  considering  her  age, 
even  with  larger  vessels.  In  1877  Capt.  J.  D. 
Warren  took  command,  and,  after  receiving 
needed  repairs,  she  started  on  her  trial  trip  Octo- 
ber 26th.  In  1880  the  steamer  caught  fire  and 
her  upper  works  were  considerably  damaged.  She 
continue<l  jobbing  around  until  188;,,  when  slie 
struck  a  rock  at  the  entrance  to  Burrard's  Inlet 
Narrows  and  sank.  She  was  rai.sed  and  started 
out  in  good  order  by  the  British  Columbia 
Towing  and  Transportation  Company.  The 
Beairr  .served  as  a  towboat  until  1888,  when 
she  was  once  more  licensed  to  carry  passengers 
and  began  running  between  logging  camps  on 
Burrard's  Inlet,  continuing  in  the  business  until  the  fatal  trip  in  July,  1888,  when  she  went  on  the  rocks  near  the 
entrance  to  Vancouver  harbor.  Among  the  captains  who  succeeded  Home,  who  was  drowned  February  12,  1858, 
were  Dodd,  Brotchie,  Scarborough,  Sangster,  Rudlin,  Swanson,  Lewis,  .Sinclair,  Pender,  McNeil,  Mitchell, 
Cornwall,  Brown,  Marchant  and  others.  Sabiston,  Pamphlet,  and  other  well-known  British  Columbia  mariners, 
have  served  on  her  as  mate  and  pilot. 

The  .steamer //ifrtzr/' was  built  in  Blackwall,  county  of  Middle.sex,  May  7,  1835,  by  the  ship-building  firm 
of  Green,  Wagram  iS:  Green,  her  representative  owner  being  William  Armit,  .secretary  of  the  Hud.son's  Bay 
Company.  Her  length  was  ior.4  feet,  beam  20  feet,  depth  11  feet,  and  tonnage  loy.iz.  The  engines  and 
boilers  were  built  by  Bolton  iS:  Watt. 


•-^Tr    ^^^^*^aK- 


»i:jf» 


Stramkk  "Hkavhh" 
Kroui  last  pliutograph  tr>keu  before  her  wreck 


'*^ 


(   IIAl'IliR     II. 


irrard's  Inlet 
d  aiiH  started 
sli  Columbia 
ipany.  The 
1888,  when 
■y  passengers 
ng  camps  on 
ocks  near  the 
ary  I2,  1858, 
Mitchell, 
bia  mariners, 

building  firm 
udson's  Bay 
engines  and 


BuiLiJiNc;  01*  THE  "Star  ok  Okkcon"— Loss  oi-  thk  Bkh;  "  Pk.vcock  " — Akrivai,  ok  thk  Barks 
"Marvi.ani)"  and  "Chknamus" — The  Schooners  "  Cai.ai'ooia"  and  "Wave,"  Biii.t  on  the 
Coi.UMiiiA— Wreck  oi-  the  "Shark  "—Growth  or  the  Coastinc;  Bi'siness— First  Mail 
Received  at  Portland— The  "Sylvia  de  Grasse  "  and  Other  Noted  Wrecks— Flathoat 
Navigation  oe  the  Willajiktte — Th'.  First  River  Steamboat— Arrival  oe  the  Pioneer 
Steamships  "  Carol. ne"  and  "  Govdhi-ntek  " — The  Steamer  "  Lot  Whitcomh  "  Lainched— 
The  Collmhia   Rp.  er's   First   Pilot  Schooner — The  Umpol-a   River    Receives  a   Visit    erom 

OCEAN-OOING   \ESSELS — BRANCH    IjCENSES    ISSUED   Coi.UMHIA    Rl\ER    PILOTS. 

N  IMPORTANT  arrival  in  1840  was  the  bark  /.uiisunin\  which  came  from  New  York  in 
the  interest  of  the  mi-ssionaries,  stopped  at  Honolulu  on  the  way,  and  arrived  at  Astoria 
in  May,  among  her  passengers  being  the  Rev.  Gustavus  Hinc  and  family,  Rev.  Ja.son  I,ee 
and  wife,  and  a  number  of  other  preachers  and  teachers.  The  iud.son's  Hay  bark  Columbia 
was  in  the  river  at  the  time,  and  her  captain,  Humphries,  piloted  the  l.aiisainic  ov.;r  the  bar. 
The  same  year  Captain  Couch,'  one  of  Portland's  pioneers,  arrived  on  the  brig  Mary/and, 
which  had  been  .sent  out  from  Boston  by  Capt.  John  Cushing  on  an  experimental  trip.  Her 
officers,  Couch  and  his  mates  Green  B.  Johnson  and  William  F.  Bartlelt,  shipped  "on  a 
lay."     Among  other  products  of  the  west  taken 

back  by  the  .Ifnry/and  were  some  of  the  first  Columl)ia  River  salmon 

shipped  lo  the  liast. 

In    'S41  the  Hudson's  Bay  Compan>  s  bark  Cowlit:  arrived  at 

Vani  •  iver   .i  Ming  in  October  for  San  F'ranci.sco  Bay.     In  the  fall  the 

Gn.    •    •       I  .ioop-of-war  Peacock  (one  of  the  crew  aboard  of  which  was 

T! ',  :v      .»■  mil  lin-)  was  wrecked   at   the    mouth   of  the   Columbia, 

bestow ;n;-   ii     ),ame  on  the    long    spit   which    lies    at    its    northern 

entrance.        .'in.    A.merican  .schooner   Tlios.  II.   I'crkhn  was  lying  in 

'  Capt.  John  II.  Couch  was  horn  at  Xt'whuryiiorL  Mass.,  I'el)ruarv  21,  iSii. 
His  first  marine  venture  was  a  trip  to  tlie  Kasl  hnlies  on  tlie  \m^  Mais,  owned 
hy  an  uncle  of  J.  C.  I'hinders.  The  captain  rose  rapitlly  from  tl;j  ranks,  and  in 
1840  was  given  command  of  the  hrig  A/it r y/ii tt (/  a\ui  sailed  tor  vhe  Colunihia  River. 
The  Hudson's  Bay  Ci.iiipany  at  this  time  maintained  ahnost  alisohUe  control  of 
the  territory  trihutary  to  the  Columhia,  ami  the  trip  was  not  altog'-ther  a  success. 
The  !>rijr  was  sent  to  the  .Sandwich  Islands  and  sold.  Captain  Coiu-h  goin^  home 
on  anotlier  vesseL  t)n  arrival  his  employers  gave  liini  con-  nand  of  the  lirig 
Cheiiainiis,  and  he  again  started  for  the  Columliia,  reaching  Clackamas  Rapids, 
helow  Oregon  City,  in  June,  1S42.  He  remained  here  until  1.S47,  returning  then 
to  Newhuryport  hy  way  of  China.  In  the  fall  of  1S4S  he  was  placed  in  charge  ol 
''  'lark  Madonna,  and,  with  Capt.  J.  C.  I'landers  as  chief  mate,  sailed  from  New 
>  \,i  .  January  12,  1S49,  arriving  in  Portland  the  following  .-Xugust,  where  he 
'  .lal'li=i'ed  a  store,  turning  the  captaincy  of  the  vessel  over  lo  I'landers,  who 
;'i  ■'*  ^  'ievera!  rucc^ssful  coasting  trips  !)et\veen  I'orthunl  ami  .San  h'rancisco. 
}l';  V  .■  Up  .'St  appointee  nn<ler  the  Act  of  Congress  to  the  office  of  Inspector  of 
Hui'i,  ar.ii,  irrespective  of  the  changes  of  administrali.>iL  retained  the  positicm 
until  liia  viealh.  He  held  several  other  political  ofiices,  none  of  which  he  sought. 
His  name  lias  heen  perpetuated  in  the  city  of  I'ortlamI  hy  Couch's  A<ldition, 
Couch  Street,  etc. 

'Capt.  Thomas  Mountain  of  Portland,  who  is  prohahiy  hy  several  years  the  oldest  marine  man  in  the  Northwest,  wits  one  of 
the  crew  of  the  Peacock  at  the  time  of  the  wreck.  Captain  Mountain  was  horn  in  Salem,  .Mass.,  in  1S22,  and  joined  the  Peacock  as 
an  apprentice  in  iS,36,  remaining  with  her  until  she  wa.s  lost.     He  returneil  to  New  York  on  the  f'/vx'ii/;,  arriving  there  in  1S42, 

at 


Cai't.   Iuhn  II.  Coceii 


and  reniainec' 


e  in   |S,36,  remaining  with  her  until  she  wa.s  lost.     He  returneil  to  New  York  on  the  Onxon,  arriving  there  in  1S4 
1  in  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  three  years.     He  was  in  the  n-  vy  during  the  Mexican  War,  on  tlie  hrig  Saiiifison,  and  1 


^ 


20 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


W 


the  river  at  the  time,  and  Lieutenant  Wilkes  of  the  Peacock'  ■'  chartered  her  to  take  the  place  of  the  lost  brig. 
She  was  renamed  the  Oregon.  The  sloop-of-war  I'liiceiines,  Capt.  Charles  Wilkes,  arrived  in  Seattle  harbor  in 
1S41,  Elliott  Bay  then  receiving  its  name  in  honor  of  one  of  Wilkes'  lieutenants.  By  far  the  most  important 
event  of  the  year  was  the  launching  of  the  first  ves.sel  built  in  the  Willamette  Valley,  the  Sta>of  Oregon,  a  .suiall 
fore  and  aft  schooner.  The  following  interesting  account  of  the  undertaking  is  from  the  Portland  Oregoiiiaii  of 
December  13,  1891,  commenting  on  a  letter  written  many  years  ago  to  Hon.  J.  W.  Nesmith  by  Joseph  Gale, 
commander  of  the  schooner  : 

"The  letter  details  in  full  the  reasons  for  nnilirtakin);  such  a  dilTicuU  enterprise  and  the  incidents  connected  with  it.    The 

settlers  wanted  cattle,  anil  as  all  the  cattle  in  the  valley  were  owned  liy  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  the  Methodist  missionaries  or 

Kwing  Young,  who  had  driven  a  hand  from  California  in   1S37,  ihey  determined  to  huild  this  vessel,  sail  her  to  California  and 

exchange  her  for  slock.  Joseph  tlale  was  an  old  mountaineer  of  the  class  to  whicli 
Meek,  Newell  an<l  Hhhetts  belonged,  hut  lie  was  also  a  seaman  and  possessed 
knowledge  of  ship-building  anil  navigation  and  was  given  charge  of  the  enterprise. 
A  site  on  Swan  Island  was  selected  and  work  begun  in  the  fall  of  1840,  and  May  19, 
1.S41,  the  Slitr  of  Oregon  was  launched.  This  was  before  a  single  tree  had  been  cut 
to  clear  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  I'oitland.  Through  the  influence  of  Capt. 
^^^^^^^^  Ceorge  Wilkes,  then  in  the  Colunihia  on  his  exploring  voyage   round   the  world, 

•^f  '    l^^tj^^T^'^^C'  1       absolutely  necessary  things,  which  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company  hail  refused  to  let 

mji/KM      l^'  S*"'  I  ,1        them  have,  were  secured  from  that  company.     Captain  Wilkes  also  gave  Gale  papers 

JB^y^^M        \       N.  JL  * ^  necessary  for  the  commander  of  a  vessel  to  have. 

^^  .z*^         ft  V      t^^         .     ,bJ  "After  launchii.g,  the  Slur  was  worked  up  to  the  Willamette  I'alls,  where 

the  work  of  fitting  her  for  sea  was  completed.  August  27th  she  started  down  the 
ri\  I  o.  her  voyage,  and  two  days  later  cast  anchonn  front  of  Kort  Vancouver  and 
flu  .1  ;  ';•  cze  for  the  first  time  the  .American  flag  Captain  Wilkes  had  presented 
her.     ''  done  in  a  spirit  of  hravado,  to  show  that  Uncle  Sam  had  a  vessel  and 

a  Rag  ■  waters  and  that  the  settlers  were  ahle  to  take  care  of  themselves. 

A  few  It.'.  .r  the  same  courtesy  was  extended  to  I'ort  George  f Astoria)  at  the 

month  of  1  Columbia.  There  Gale  remained  about  two  weeks,  giving  his  green 
crew  a  chance  to  learn  seamanship,  and,  while  doing  so,  entertained  Capt.  John  H. 
Couch,  who  had  entered  the  river  in  the  brig  Chcnamiis. 

"The  final  start  was  made  .September  1 2th.  This  was  a  formidable  undertaking, 
an  ocean  voyage  of  nearly  i.oix)  miles,  along  a  rocky  coast,  without  a  chart,  in  a  little 
vessel  only  fifty-three  feet  long,  and  with  a  crew  of  four  men  and  a  boy,  not  one  of 
whom  was  a  .seaman  ;  yet  Gale  holdly  sailed  out  upon  the  Pacific,  trusting  to  his  own 
long  exjierience  on  the  ocean  to  carry  them  through.  The  weather  was  stormy  and 
the  crew  were  seasick,  and  for  thirty  six  hours  Gale  stood  at  the  helm  without  relief 
In  the  morning  of  .Scptemher  17th  the  Star  dashed  through  the  Golden  Gate  and 
dropped  anchor  before  the  little  town  of  Verba  Ruenn  (San  rraiu-iscot,  its  owners 
having  iierformed  a  feat  such  as  .-Vniericaii  pioneers  only  have  shown  the  courage 
and  resourcefulness  to  accomplish  The  history  of  the  Anglo-.Saxon  in  .'\nierica 
is  replc..?  with  such  exhibitions  of  .ielf- reliance  and  courageous  enterprise.  The 
vessel  was  sold,  and  in  the  spring,  Mr.  ("lale  having  preached  the  gospel  of  Oregon 

iiicessaii.'y  through  the  winter,  a  company  of  J2  men  started  north  hy  land,  driving  with  them  1,250  head  of  cattle,  6o<t  horses  and 

mules  and  nearly  3,000  sheep,  arriving  in  7,5  di  ys  with  but  little  loss.     .S'.ock  monopoly  in  Oregon  was  at  all  end. 
"Joseph  Gale  was,  as  is  here  .seen,  one  oi"  the  leading  spirits  in  the  early  and 

trving  days  of^  Oregon.    In  1S43,  he,  with  .Malison  lieers  and  David  Mill,  conslituteil  --rr-  -• 

ilie  executive  comuiiltee  of  the  first  provisional  government,  pcifoiming  jointly 

the  functions  of  a  governor.       He  settled  in  Washington  County,  beyond  I'orest 

Gro'e,  anil  his  name  is  perpetuated  in  that  section  liy  the  well-known  landmark, 

("ralv's  Peak,  and  the  stream.  Gale's  Creek.      He  died  i"  Wallowa  County  a  few 

yeais  ago.     Felix  Hathaway,  the  master  mechanic  of  the  vessel,  was  a  gunsmith. 

He  vas  not   an  owner  nor  one  of  the  crew.     He  also  was  prominent  in  the  early 

gover: mental  afTairs  of  Oregon.      The  movers  in  this  enterprise  were  Ralph  I. 

Kilboni'i,  Pleasant  .-\rnistri)ng.  Jacob  Green,  John  Canaii,  Henry  Woods  and  Chiirley 

Matts,  '  .le  last  two  abandoning  the  eiuerprise  before  it  was  conijiU-ted.    'the  others, 

with  an  Indian  boy,  were  the  crew." 


SCHOONKK    "S'lAR    IM     OKKHIN 

I'hotograplieii  from  a  Moilel 


the  close  of  the  war  came  out  to  California  as  boatswain  on  the  clipper  ship  Sea 
Serpent,  leaving  her  in  San  l-'rancisco.  There  he  worked  ashore  for  a  little  while, 
ami  then  came  to  Portland  I)efi)re  the  mast  on  the  brig  Tonqtdu.  .Xfier  remaining 
here  a  short  lime  he  returned  to  .San  l*rancisco  and  went  to  the  mines,  but  soon 
returned  to  the  city  and  shipped  on  the  clipper  Flvint;  (.'Itntil,  going  to  China 
and  thence  to  New  Vork.  The  Clomi  at  that  time  v\as  in  the  height  of  her  glory. 
having  just  made  a  record  of  c'iglit>'-nine  days  six  hour:i  from  New  \'ork  t:j  San 
I'raiicisco.  On  the  next  voyage  the  Ctoiid  made  the  round  trip  to  San  I'rancisco 
in  eleven  months.  Mountain  left  her  and  came  up  to  Portland,  rnnning  as  deck- 
hand on  the  Mii/tnoinah  and  /Cxf<ress,  fnun  Ibis  einplovment  going  back  ti>  the 
steamship  fiV//;///'/i?.  in  which  he  h.-ul  come  out  as  ..econil  mate  in  1850,  and  leaving 
her  to  join  the  steamship  ,\'i'rttierner.  In  iS^y  he  went  to  the  .Sound  on  the 
steamer  Jiilhi,  reinainiug  with  her  for  about  eighteen  months,  running  between 
Steilacoom,  .Seattle  and  other  Sound  ports.  In  1S61  he  brought  her  bark  from 
the  Sound,  and  took  command  of  the  Co-,elitz,  He  was  next  on  the  Wilson  (,'. 
Hunt,  and  from  there  went  as  mate  on  the  Julia,  with  Cajit.  James  Strang.  Tlien 
he  was  mate  on  the  AVri'  World  until  he  left  to  superintend  nuinnting  the  caiiuon 
al  I'ort  .Stevens.  In  I.S67  he  took  the  Seie  World  around  to  the  .Sound,  and  on 
the  trip  received  a  serious  injury  to  his  leg,  which  laid  him  up  for  four  years.  He 
then  retired  from  the  water  and  took  charge  itf  ben  Htdladay's  wharf  property, 
al"terward  going  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigjition  Comiiany,  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and  its  successors, 
remaining  continuously  in  their  service  up  lo  the  jiresent  time. 

'The  Peaeoek  was  one  of  a  squadron  whirh  had  been  se.it  around  the  world  on  an  exploring  tour  bv  the  I'nited  States 
Ciovernment,  the  principal  object  being  the  examination  of  the  harbors  and  co.ast  lines  of  the  Pacific.  Beside  the  Peaeoek  the 
sipiadron  included  the  sloopof-war  I'inecnne^.  the  brig  /'orpoise,  the  ship  A'elie/',  and  the  tenders  .S'lii  Gull  and  /■'lyini;  /•'isli.  The 
.Sea  dull  was  lost  off  Cape  Horn,  and  the  A'»/;V/ returned  lo  the  .Atlantic  after  re.iching  Callao.  The  I'ineennes  and  the  J'orpoi.ie, 
which  were  expected  to  visit  the  Columbia,  after  stopping  a'  the  .Sandwich  Islands,  went  on  to  Puget  Sound,  arriving  in  May,  and 
made  some  extensive  surveys  in  various  parts  of  this  important  region.  .After  the  wreck  of  the  IVaeoek  the  i'ineennes  and  /*orpoise 
s'larted  south,  the  latter  vessel  entering  the  Columbia,  where  she  found  the  /■lyini,'  /■'/«/;.  Lieutenant  Wilkes  then  made  a  survey  of 
the  Colniiibia  as  far  up  as  Vancouver,  at  the  conclusion  of  which  he  sailed  southward,  thence  returning  to  the  Ivist,  where  he  made 
the  first  official  report  on  the  importance  of  the  rivers  and  harbors  of  the  Pacific  Northwest. 


CAI'T.    TnoMAK   MOI'NT.MN 


Developmvnt  of  Local  Marinv  Traffic,  Building  of  Steam  and  Sailing  Vcssrls 


21 


the  lost  brig, 
ttle  harbor  in 
ost  important 
rigoii,  a  Kii;all 
Oyegoniau  of 
Joseph  Gale, 


eci  with  it.     The 

tiiissionaries  or 

California  and 

;  cla.ss  to  wliich 

and   pos.se.ssed 

f  the  enterprise. 

40.  and  May  19, 

?e  had  I)een  cnt 

lliience  of  Cant. 

und   the  world, 

d  refiLsed  to  let 

;ave  Gale  papers 

ite  I'alls,  where 
tartcd  down  the 

Vancouver  and 
s  had  presented 
lad  a  vessel  and 
!  of  themselves, 
f Astoria)  at  the 
ivin^  his  green 

Capt.  Jolin   H. 

)le  undertaking, 
chart,  in  a  little 
boy,  not  one  of 
stiufj  to  his  own 
was  stormy  and 
11  without  relief 
olden  (late  and 
.SCO),  its  owners 
iwn  the  conrajje 
on  in  -America 
nlerprise.  The 
ospel  of  Oregon 
600  horses  and 


Its   successors, 

I'nited  Stales 
c  I'litroik  the 
iig  /•'isli.  The 
I  the  /'orfioise, 
ig  in  May,  and 
ind  I'lO/toisc 
ule  a  survey  of 
vlierc  he  made 


Cai't.  II.  r.Roi'Nns 


In  i,S42  Captain  Conch,  who  had  been  here  the  year  before  in  the  Maryland,  reached  Clackamas  Rapids 
in  June  in  the  l)rig  Clieiiamiis  with  a  cargo  from  Newburyport,  and  sailed  ajjain  September  ist.  This  year  a 
regular  transponatioii  line  was  established  on  the  lower  Columbia  between  Astoria  and  Cathlamet,  by  Saul,  the 
negro  cook,  who  had  deserted  from  the  Peacock  when  she  was  wrecked.  His  packet  was  a  small  fore  and 
aft  .schooner  in  which  he  carried  quite  a  number  of  pa.ssengers,  live-.stock  and  ini.scellaneous  freight.  He 
continued  in  this  trade  for  a  considerable  length  of  time  and  made  money.  In  addition  to  the  regular  Hud.son's 
Bay  vessels,  the  British  .ship  X'alhyficld,  Captain  Houlton,  arrived  from  England.  Among  the  important  arrivals 
in  184,^  was  the  bark  Fania,  which  came  from  the  Sandwich  Islands,  bringing  among  other  pa.ssengers 
Francis  VV^  Pettigrove,  who  had  the  honor  of  naming  the  future  metropolis  of  the  Northwest,  Portland.  The 
bark  Columbia,  Captain  Humphries,  also  visited  the  Columbia  River,  sailing  in  the  fall  for  the  Sandwich 
Islands;  and  the  bark  /hamoiri.  Captain  Fowler,  of  vScarborough,  England,  arrived  and  departed  after  a  brief 
stay.  The  Hudson's  Bay  Company  this  year  started  a  post  at  Camosin,  or,  as  it  is  now  called,  V'ictoria,  Vancouver 
Island,  thereby  increasing  the  business  of  their  local  as  well  as  their  foreign  fleet. 

The  only  American  vessel  bringing  a  cargo  to  the  Columbia  the  following  summer  .  '■'^•;— '-^;    •.  v"-  ^ 

was  the  brig  Cliciiamiis,  Captain  Conch.  Her  cargo  was  unloaded  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Willamette  and  thence  boated  to  Oregon  City.  The  bark  Coli:mbia  entered 
again  for  the  Fur  Company,  and  the  bark  Riolliers,  Captain  Flere,  from  England, 
reached  Vancouver  in  May,  carrying  among  other  passengers  Mr.  Roberts  of 
Cathlamet,  who  had  returned  to  England  after  his  first  trip  out  in  the  Ganymede. 
In  1844  the  French  ship  Lc  /iide/allgable  arrived  from  F'rance,  bringing  the 
celebrated  missionary.  Brother  Accolti.  The  British  sloop-ofwar  Modeste  also 
paid  a  visit  to  the  Columbia  to  look  after  Great  Bri^nin's  interests  at  Vancouver, 
remaining  until  the  treaty  was  signed.  River  na*  ■ -.tion  on  the  Columbia 
was  increased  by  the  completion  of  the  little  scow  .schooi  .'r  Calapooia,  which  was 
built  during  the  year  by  Mr.  Cook  and  others,  and  .sailed  by  Capt.  B.  Grounds.' 
Her  initial  work  was  in  transporting  a  cargo  of  cattle  (the  first  ever  landed 
on  the  north  side  of  the  river)  for  John  Hobson,  who  is  still  living  at  Astoria. 
The  year  i,S45  was  a  notable  one  for  British  Columbia,  as  the  bark  \'ancoiiici\ 
the  first  vessel  entering  \'ictoria  harbor  direct  from  England,  arrived  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  This 
company  also  had  an  extra  vessel  this  year.  In  addition  to  their  regular  liners,  the  Columbia  and  Cowlitz,  the 
Mary  Pare'  arrived  from  London,  Captain  Monatt,  who  afterward  played  an  important  part  in  Xorthwestern 
marine  matters,  coming  out  on  her  as  second  mate.      In  the  fall   four  whalers  entered  F'squimalt  harbor  and 

wintered  there.  During  the  .season  the  Xorth  Pacific  Ocean  was  visited  at 
different  times  by  quite  a  fleet  of  war  vessels  ;  among  them  were  the  following: 
British  ship  America,  fifty  guns,  Capt.  John  Gordon  ;  line  ship  Colli nirswood. 
eighty  guns,  Sir  G.  V.  Seymore.  commander;  frigates  Grampus,  fifty  guns,  C.  B. 
Martin;  Fisguard,  forty-two  guns,  J.  A.  Dut;tz ;  Juuo.  twenty-.six  guns,  P.J. 
Blake;  '/Ij/^o/,  twenty-six  guns.  Sir  T.  Thompson  ;  ('(Nr.s/o^-/,  twenty-six  guns, 
Seymore;  Herald,  nventy-six  guns,  Henry  Kellet  ;  sloops  Modeste.  eighteen 
guns,  Thomas  Bailey  ;  llaphiH ,  eighteen  guns,  On.slow  ;  steamers  Sampson,  six 
guns,  Henderson  ;  Cormorant,  six  guns,  George  T.  Gordon  ;  Salamander,  six 
guns,  A.  S.  Hammond  ;  brigs  Frolic,  six  guns,  C.  B.  Hamilton  ;  Pandora,  six 
guns,  .S.  Wood;  brigantine  .Spy.  three  guns,  O.  Woodbridgc.  Total,  355  guns. 
The  I'nited  States  was  represented  by  the  line  ship  Columbus,  eighty-six  guns, 
Riddle  ;  frigates  Congress,  sixty  guns,  Stockton  :  Savannah,  sixty  guns,  J.  D. 
'  Sloat ;  sloops  Portsmoulli.  twenty-four  guns.  Montgomery  ;  I.eranl  twenty-four 

Caitain  Miji  ATT  guiis,     Page;     Warren,    twenty-four    guns.     Hall;     Cyane.    twenty-four    guns, 

'Capt.  Brazil  Grounds,  who  coinmi'.iided  the  Calaf)Ooia  and  li'itre.  is  one  of  tile  oldest  living  mariners  in  the  Pacific 
Ni)rlliwesl.  He  is  a  native  of  North  Caroiina,  and  hegaii  his  marine  career  an  even  half  century  ago  on  the  Ciilnfiooiti.  He  next 
ran  tlie  ll'a.e  for  Kelchum,  taking  her  to  ,San  I'rancisio  in  1H4S.  He  remained  there  niilil  iSJ;.  when  he  Ciiiue  hack  to  Oregon 
anil  farmed  lor  four  years,  occasionally  pursuing  his  old  vocation.  In  iS5y  he  went  to  Walla  Walla,  remaining  until  i>S65,  when 
lie  relurncil  to  Portland  and  operated  the  first  steam  dredge.  The  following  year  lie  liuilt  the  scow  steamer  /l/iiei-  l\'efi;ihi'iean. 
Since  then  he  has  been  almost  cotuimiously  engaged  in  ruuuiug  steam  schooners  tin  tlic  CoUimliiii  River  and  I'uget  Sound.  In 
1.S87  he  was  uuforluuale  enough  to  lose  a  inoneyniaking  craft,  the  steam  sc)Moner  Queen  of  the  Hay,  which  iv.is  wrecked  olf  the 
Nclialem  River  in  September  of  thai  year.  At  the  present  time  he  is  opt  1  iliug  the  steam  schooner  flfaid  of  Oregon  on  I'uget 
Sound  and  Hritisli  C(tlniiibia  waters. 

'Captain  Monatt.  who  came  out  on  the  .Mmy  Pare,  was  born  in  I.oiiilon  in  1S21,  and  after  his  arrival  here  continued 
in  the  service  of  the  Hudson's  May  Company,  trailing  on  the  west  coast  and  to  the  islands.  In  iS.iS  he  was  piloting  the  company's 
vessels  on  the  Columbia  bar,  au<l  in  185^^  w-ent  back  lo  I-^iiglaud  in  coinmaud  of  the  Afaiy  iJtiie.  returning  again  in  1H55,  when'he 
became  captain  of  tile  Oiler,  occupying  this  position  until  he  took  coinuiand  (^f  ilie  I.ahouchere  a  short  time  before  she  was 
wreckefl.  In  fact  she  was  lost  on  his  second  trin  in  charge.  He  was  subsecjueutly  captain  of  the  steamer  .Mat  tin  t)ii  Kamloops  Lake, 
and  after  remaining  there  a  year  was  placed  111  charge  of  the  company's  trading  post  at  I'ort  Rupert.  He  died  .April  12,  1.S71, 
while  eii  route  from  Knight's  Inlet  lo  I'"(/rt  Rupert. 

Thomas  J.  Gritlin,  who  came  out  as  an  apprentice  on  the  Mary  Pare  in  1S45,  is  still  living  at  Coupeville,  Wash.  He  was  hut 
seventeen  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  arrival,  ami  remained  in  the  service  of  the  Iludsou's  Hay  Coinp.'iny  until  1S52. 


mn^ 


~ 


1 


22 


Lewis  cj  Dryden's  M?rinf  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


I  J 


Mervin ;  schooner  S/iari;''  twelve  k""^'  Howison  ;  store-ship  /;w,  eight  guns,  Turner.  Total,  322  guns. 
The  old  bark  Touhm.  in  command  of  Capt.  Nathaniel  Cni.liy,  came  in  1845,  Hon.  Benjamin  Stark,  a 
pioneer  resident  of  Portland,  being  supercargo  aboard.  The  Toulon  returned  again  in  1S46,  and  the  brig  /fciiry. 
Captain  Kilbourn.  arrived  the  .same  year  from  Newlntryport,  and  was  operated  as  a  coaster  for  several  years 
following.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  forties  she  was  bought  by  the  Hon.  Francis  A.  Chenowith,  first  Speaker 
of  the  Washington  Legislature.  He  afterward  ran  her  for  a  long  time  lietween  Portland  and  the  Cascades, 
and  she  transported  all  the  material  for  the  first  tramway  at  the  latter  point. 

Some  idea  of  the  kind  of  business  that  coasters  found  in  those  days  can  be  gleaned  from  the  following  item, 
taken  from  the  Cith'/oniioii  of  November  17,  1.S47  :     "The  brig  lliiny.  Captain  Kilbourn,  arrived  yesterday  from 


the  Columbia  River  with  a 
salmon,  beef,  potatoes,  butter, 
cabbage  and  onions,  al.so  a 
adapted  to  the  meridian  of 
nine  passengers,  while  the 
time,  brought  four  cabin  and 
Great  Britain  was 
the  Norllnvest  during  1846, 
was  stationed  at  \'ancouvcr 
Columbia  nearly  all  the  year, 
Thomas  Baillie,  captain  ;  T. 
T.  P.  Coode,  lieutenants  ; 
Gib.son,  surgeon;  J.  M.  Hobbs, 


.Astoria's  Tihst  CfSxti.M  Hocsk 


cargo  of  lumber,  flour, 
cheese,  cranberries,  turnips, 
small  invoice  of  almanacs 
Mon  terey .  She  brought 
W'hiloii,  arriving  at  the  same 
ten  steerage." 

watchful  of  her  interests  in 
and  her  sloop-of-war  Modeste 
and  other  points  in  the 
with  the  following  crew : 
M.  Rodney,  T.  G.  Drake, 
C.  J.  Gibbon,  master  ;  John 
purser ;  A.  A.  D.  Dundas, 
surgeon  ;  A.  T.  DeHorsey, 
gunner  ;  J.   Stevens,  boatswain  ; 


mate ;    A.   Gordon,   assistant 

J.  Montgomery,  Charles  Grant  and  R.  T.  Legge,  niidshipn  en  ;  J.  Hickman, 
William  Kllicott,  carpenter.  At  the  same  time  H.  M.  frigate  Fisguard,  forty-two  guns  and  3,so  men,  was  sent  to 
Nisqually  :  J.  A.  Duntz,  captain  ;  John  Rodd,  Charles  Dyke,  George  V.  Patter.son,  IJdward  W.  Lang,  Edward  D. 
Ashe,  lieutenants  ;  H.  U.  McCarty  and  Fleetwood  J.  Richard,  marine  lieutenants  ;  Kdvvin  P.  Cole,  master  ;  Robert 
Thompson,  chaplain  ;  Thomas  R.  Burn,  surgeon  ;  Thomas  Rowe,  purser  ;  James  Crosby,  second  master  ;  Robert 
M.  Joship,  instructor,  and  fourteen  midshipmen.  H.  M.  S.  Coniionuit  was  al.so  stationed  in  the  vicinity  of 
Vancouver  I.sland,  her  commander,  Benjamin  Topp,  dying  at  Victoria,  October  22d,  aged  40  years.  He  was 
succeeded  in  command  by  Captain  Gordon.  Afterward  this  fleet  was  reinforced  by  the  frigate  Coiislancr,  Captain 
Courtney,  and  the  /iKoiislaul,  Captain  Shepherd.     Two  B.-itish  surveying  vessels,  the   Herald,  Captain  Killett, 

and    ,h°  Pandora.  Captain  Wood,   were  working  in  the  vicinity  of   Puget  Sound 
'  and  Vancouver  Island.      The  presence  of  so  large  a  naval  force,  as  that  which  had 

been  gathering  durii.g  the  year,  was  occa.sioned  by  the  imminent  boundary-line 
question,  which  even  then  had  become  so  exciting,  that  murmurs  of  "fifty-four, 
forty,  or  fight  "  were  frecpiently  heard  on  the  American  side  of  the  line. 

In  184'')  the  Legislature  of  Oregon  pa,ssed  the  first  pilotage  law,  authorizing 
the  Governor  to  ajjpoint  commissioners  to  examine  and  licen.se  pilots  for  the  bar 
and  river.  In  April,  1847,  under  this  act,  S.  C.  Reeves  was  the  first  pilot  appointed 
for  the  Columbia  River  bar.  Reeves  had  the  reputation  in  those  days  of  being  a 
good  pilot,  and  during  his  short  career  made  .several  trips  to  San  Francisco  to 
meet  vessels  desiring  to  come  to  the  Columbia,  two  of  which  were  made  in 
a  ship's  long-boat.  He  went  to  California  at  the  time  of  the  gold  excitement, 
and  sailed  a  small  sloop  called  the  Flora  on  the  bay,  finally  losing  his  life  by  the 
capsizing  of  his  vessel  during  a  sciuall  in  May,  1849. 

In   1847  Capt.   FVed   Ketchum  built  the  schooner  Wave  at  We.stport.      She 

was  constructed  to  carry  lumber  to  up-river  points,  but  was  sent  to  California  in 

miners.      Ketchiini  was  assisted   in  this  venture  l)y  Capt.   Brazil  Grounds,  who  ran  the 

Cook  in   1S4S.       During  the  vear  the  bark  Morninu;  Slar,  Captain   Menes,  arrived,  five 


apo 


apta 


'  III  AiiKii.sl,  1S.16,  tile  .\iiicric!iii  .sloop-of-war  .S'//rt(X'  eiilereil  llie  Coluiiiliia.  twenty-five  days  from  Hoiioluhi,  and  was  obliged  to 
wait  (intsiik-  nntil  I.iciilenant  Howi.siiii  and  Captain  Si'licm-k  entereil  in  a  small  boat  anil  sounded.  After  cro.ssinj;  the  liar,  Saul,  the 
iiu>;ro  cook  from  tlie  /'fciiViJt,  atleiiipled  to  pilot  the  vessel  to  Astoria,  lint  ran  her  a).;ronnil  before  lie  had  been  aboaril  twenty 
minutes.  They  tlieii  sent  to  .•\storia  anil  seciireil  the  services  of  I.attie,  one  of  the  Unilson's  Hay  pilots,  who  took  them  through  safely. 
l''rom  there  they  went  to  Vancouver.  In  aililition  to  the  ofTicers  nanieil,  the  S/iiirl:  hail  on  boaril  the  followiii);  :  James  I).  Hnllock, 
lieiilentant ;  William  S.  llollis,  purser;  Ivlwaril  Ilnil.som,  sur^eou  ;  T.  McLanahan,  T.  J.  Simes  and  II.  Davidson,  midshipmen. 
Owing  to  frei|uent  desertions  from  the  crew,  the  Sliurk  made  a  brief  stay  in  the  river  and  on  the  loth  of  September  started  seaward, 
piling;  up  on  the  south  spit  and  becomiii),' a  total  wreck.  Inasmuch  as  the  ollicers  of  the  vessel  had  spent  the  whole  of  the  day 
jirevious  recollnoilerin^;.  it  looks  as  tliouKh  there  iiiiKht  have  been  a  decree  o,'' carelessnes.s  attached  to  the  unfortunate  occurrence  ; 
but,  if  there  was,  no  one  was  ever  censured,  and  the  old  Sliaik  drifted  out  to  sea,  the  wreck  coming  ashore  down  near 
Tillamook  Head,  where  it  was  torn  apart  by  John  Hobson  (still  living  at  A.storial  and  a  few  others  in  that  neighborhood.  One  of 
the  guns  from  this  early  terror  of  the  seas  is  still  lying  at  Astoria,  having  been  brought  there  from  the  beach  where  the  hull 
stranded.  The  entire  crew  escaped  in  boats  and  were  given  supplies  by  S.  II.  Smith,  and  in  1S47  were  taken  to  San  Francisco 
on  the  old  Cadboro,  which  was  chartered  from  the  Hudson's  Hay  Conipaiiy  for  the  trip.  '1  hey  went  aboard  in  November,  i,S46,  but 
did  not  cross  out  of  the  Columbia  until  January  iS,  1847. 


.:M 


m 


Develnpmi'iit  of  Local  Mnrinc  Traffic,  Buikliny  cT  Steam  and  Sailing  Vi- 


n 


ital,  322  guns, 
iniin  Stark,  a 
le  brig  llcniy. 
■  several  years 
,  first  Speaker 
the  Cascades, 

following  item, 
yesterday  from 
umber,  flour, 
rries,  turnips, 
of  almanacs 
lie  brought 
iig  at  the  same 

;r  interests  in 
of-war  Modeste 
tints  in  the 
lowing  crew : 
r.  G.  Drake, 
master  ;  John 
.  D.  Dundas, 
T.  DeHorsey, 
IS,  boatswain  ; 
:n,  was  sent  to 
g,  Edward  D. 
laster  ;  Robert 
laster  ;  Robett 
he  vicinity  of 
ars.  He  was 
tancr.  Captain 
iptain  Killett, 

Puget  Sound 
lat  which  had 
boundary-line 
)f  ' '  fifty-four, 
e. 

•i,  authorizing 
ts  for  the  bar 

lot  appointed 
s  of  being  a 

Francisco  to 

ere  made  in 
excitement, 

s  life  by  the 

stport.  She 
California  in 

who  ran  the 
arrived,  five 

wa.s  oblijjed  to 
li.ir,  Saul,  tlie 
iljoard  Iweiity 
hroiigh  safelv. 
es  I).  liiillocic, 
iiiidshipiiieii. 
arted  seaward, 
ole  of  the  day 
e  occurrence  ; 
ire  down  near 
hood.  One  of 
here  the  hull 
San  KrancLsco 
iber,  i,S46,  Init 


and  one-half  months  from  Bre.st,  bringing  several  priests,  deacons  and  nnns,  whose  services  were  thought  to  be 
much  needed  in  this  country  in  tho.se  days.  The  bark  Wliitoii  arrived  in  the  Wilhimelte  from  New  York,  in 
command  of  Captain  Prince,  with  Kicliard  Hoyt,'  mate,  sailing  again  in  October  for  San  I'rancisco  and  Panama. 
Hoyt  went  with  her,  but  returned  a  few  years  later  and  made-  a  lasting  name  for  himself  in  marine  history. 
The  brigs  llniry  and  /<'/.■/•/,  the  latter  an  Ivnglish  vessel,  were  in  the  coasting  trade,  and  the  ship /I//.   \'tnioii. 

Captain  Gibbons,  was  among  the  new  comers.  The  Hudson's  Bay 
bark  (  oliimbia  also  reached  \'ictoria  on  her  annual  voyage  from 
I'jigland.  On  the  Columbia.  H.  C.  Kindred,  who  is  still  living  at  Fort 
Stevens,  was  running  a  boat  from  Astoria  to  up-river  points.  The 
fare  was  S20  to  Oregon  City,  and  the  passenger  "  found  "  himself  and 
also  helped  pull  the  boat.  In  i,S49  Kindred  began  to  make  tegular 
landings  at  Portland,  continuing  in  this  trade  until  iS.sd,  when  the 
steamers  drove  him  off. 

In  i.s.)S  the  brig  Sctjiihi  was  among  the  additions  to  the 
coasting  fleet.  The  difliculties  of  river  navigation  in  those  days  can 
be  comprehended  when  it  is  stated  that  she  was  fifty-four  days  from 
Astoria  to  Portland.  The  Sii/iiiii  the  same  year  made  a  trip  from  San 
I'rancisco  to  Puget  Sound,  and  the  following  season  perpetuated 
her  name  by  delivering  at  Portland  the  first  mail  that  arrived  in 
United  Slates  postal  sacks.  Captain  Norton,"  her  energetic  owner, 
made  a  financial  success  with  the  Sei/ii/'//  in  the  coasting  trade,  one 
round  trip  alone  between  San  I'rancisco  and  Portland  clearing  him 
over  $i.S,oo().  The  same  year  the  brig  Forrest  was  bought  by  Joseph 
Kellogg,"  I<ot  Whitcomb  and  William  Torrence,  to  run  between 
Milwaukie  and  San  l''rancisco.  The  brig  //iinv,  mentioned  in  i,S46, 
was  making  regular  trips  between  San  b'ranci.sco,  Honolulu  and  the 
Columbia  River. 


C.M'T.  Richard  Hovt,  Sk. 


■  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt,  Sr.,  who  came  out  as  male  on  Ihc  ll'hiloit,  and  in  .'iftcr  ye.'U's  became  one  of  the  pioneers  of  steam 
navigation  on  the  Columbia  and  Willjiuielte  rivers,  w.'is  born  at  I,ake  (".eorgc  New  lijinipsliire,  in  1S14.  His  marine  career  began 
on  the  Atlantic,  where  he  worked  nji  to  the  position  of  master  while  yi-t  a  young  man.  liefore  coming  lo  the  I'licilic  Coa.st  he 
ct>mmande<l  a  brig  called  the  Tii.ua/n\  having  with  him  ;is  male  eapl.  \Villiani  I'-ving,  another  m.-in  who  was  ilestined  to  be  a  pioneer 
in  Northwesiern  waters.  He  returneti  to  New  York  with  the  U'hit'Hi,  and  lw*i  _\  e.irs  later  came  out  in  command  of  the  bark  John  //'. 
Cater,  owned  by  the  famous  i'ernando  Wood.  He  made  two  trips  in  the  i'ltter,  and  on  his  arrival  in  California,  at  the  close  of  the 
secoiul  trip,  left  the  hark  at  ,Sau  l^'rancisco  and  began  running  a  small  steamer  called  the  Miner,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  The 
possibilities  of  steam  navigation  in  the  North  had  probably  deeply  imjiressed  him,  for  he  soou  retired  from  the  Sacramento  and 
came  up  to  Oregon  on  the  bark  Oinin  Hint,  bringing  the  little  propeller  /lloii:  //,ihi\  which  he  placed  on  the  Oregon  City  route. 
He  afterward    acquired    an    interest    in    the   steamer    ll'iitlaiiiet   anil    owned    the 

Multfionialt.    The  latter  vessel  was  the  best  known  of  any  of  the  pioneer  steamers        .  ; 

on  the  Columbia,  and  remained  in  his  possession  and  conunand  until  the  time  of 
his  death  in  lSb2.  About  1S57,  in  company  with  Wells,  Williams  and  others,  he 
formed  the  Columbia  .Sleam  Navigation  Company.  Among  its  lirsl  veiUures 
was  the  building  of  the  /•,'//></  .liiiter.wii,  the  largest  low-pressure  steamer  in 
Oregon  at  that  time.  The  Colund)ia  Steam  Navigation  Coni|),iny  was  shortlived, 
but  R  was  through  its  instrumentality  that  the  rnion  Transportation  Company  and 
the  Oregon  Sleam  Navigation  Company  sjirang  into  existence,  the  latter  compan\', 
on  its  organization,  giving  to  Hoyt  the  entire  trade  on  the  .Astoria  route  as  liis 
share  of  the  territory  then  eonlrol'led  by  the  allied  interests.  Captain  Hoyt  died 
I'"ebruary  iS,  i,S62,  sincerely  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends,  to  whom  the 
names  Hoyt  and  Afii/liioinali  liad  become  as  household  words.  Me  was  succeeded 
.1  few  years  after  his  death  by  his  son  Richard,  who  is  still  iirominently  counecteil 
with  marine  inteiests. 

" '/..  C.  Norton  was  born  in  llaine  in  iSiS.  In  i.s.;;  he  built  the  brig  .S'(V/h/«, 
in  Maine,  and  made  a  trip  to  the  West  Indies  and  South  ,\meriean  ports,  and 
in  1S48  took  a  load  of  lumber  to  Kuenos  .Vyres,  and  from  there  took  cargo  and 
passengers  lo  California.  Immediately  after  liis  arrival  he  put  the  Si,piiii  in  the 
coasting  trade,  sailing  for  the  Columbia  on  his  first  tri|i,  November  27.  iS|S,  and 
arrived  at  Raker's  Hay  Uecemlicr  2d.  Among  his  passengers  was  Stephen  Coflin. 
one  of  the  Portland  townsite  owners.  The  brig  was  lift\-four  ila\s  going  to 
Portland  on  her  first  trip  on  account  of  high  water  and  Moatiiig  ice.  He  eoiilinued 
coasting  for  several  years,  and  made  considerable  money.  In  later  \ears  he 
retired  to  a  farm  near  Portland,  where  he  died  February  iS,  iSjy. 

'Josejih  Kellogg  was  born  June  2),  1S12,  in  Cinada,  and  crossed  the  iilains 
in  1S4S  in  a  company,  among  which  was  P.  H.  Cornwall.  On  reaching  Oregon, 
he  located  a  claim  which  adjoined  that  of  I,ot  Whitcomb,  and  with  him  and 
William  Torrence  laid  out  the  town  of  Milwaukie  and  built  a  sawmill.  He  also 
constructed  a  schooner  foi  the  firm,  which  was  loaded  with  produce  and  taken 
to  California.  There  the  vessel  and  cargo  were  traded  for  the  brig  /■orrest.  which 
socm  earned  the  money   for   the   bark    /.tiiisaniie.      The  business  of  the  firm  of 


.  JosKrn  Ki-:i.i.oi,(. 


WhitcomI),  Kellogg  M:  Torrence   increased,  and  thcv  built  a  mill  and  kejit  two 

brigs  busv  carrying  lundier  to  California,     Withdrawing  from  this.  Captain  Kellogg  fonned  a  iiartn 


brigs  liusy  carrying  luinher  to  California.  Withdrawing  from  this.  Captain  Kellogg  fonned  a  partnership  w'lh  Bradlierry  and  Kddv 
and  built  the  Standard  I-'lonr  Hills,  the  most  extensive  in  Oregon.  In  i,S6.5  he  built  the  steamer  Sriiol.tr.  >  hicli  was  afterward  sold 
to  the  People's  Transportation  Company.  .Mter  uniting  his  interests  with  this  companv,  he  superiiilendc  1  the  eonstruelion  of  the 
basin  at  Oregon  City,  and  subsequently,  with  Captain  Pease,  began  the  navigation  of  tlie  Tualitin  with  t  le  little  steamer  Oii:,arcl, 
building  the  canal  between  the  river  and  Sucker  Lake.  About  this  time  he  bought  and  laid  out  Ih.-  town  of  Oswego.  Wlieii 
lien  Holladay  bought  the  People's  Transportation  Company  in  1.S7.),  Kellogg  and  others  organized  the  Willamette  Transportation 
Company,  of  which  he  was  vice-president  and  director.  He  superintended  the  building  of  the  steamers  (.'overnor  Grover  and 
Jleaver  for  this  company,  but  soon  after  sold  his  interests  on  the  Willamette  and  Tualitin  and  formed  what  is  now  known  as 
the  Joseph  Kellogg  Transportation  Company. 


«4 


Li'win  (f  Drydrn's  Mnrinc  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Tlie  United  States  transport  Auita.  Capt.  S.  Iv.  Wooclwortli.  arrived  in  the  river  March   15,  184H,  fifteen 

days  from  San   Francisco.     Tlie  ol)ject  of  her  visit  was  to  secnre  recruits  for  the  army  in   Mexico  ;    failing  in 

this  slie  departed  April  2J(1,  reaching  San  Francisco  five  days  later.      The  I-jiglish  hark  Jtuni.  Dring,  master, 

came  from  Honolulu,  returning  again  the  following  year  from  San  Franoiseo,  bringing  as  pas.sengers  Joe  Lane 

and  Joe  Meek,  who  were  iii  roii/r  home  from  the  F^ast  with  their  ap])ointmeiits  as  Governor  and   Ihiited  States 

Marshal,  respectively. 

The  farmers  living  on  Clatsop  i)lains,  desiring  to  get  their 
products  to  market,  built  a  schooner  called  the  .S'Xv/x/mi'w,  in  i,S48. 
at  Lexington,  or.  as  it  is  now  called,  Skipanon.  a  short  distance 
below  Astoria.  She  was  owned  by  R.  S.  McEwan,  Thomas  Owens, 
Calvin  Tibbetts  and  Aldridge  Trask.  She  was  a  two-master  of 
about  forty  tons  burden,  and  was  manned,  with  the  exception  of  the 
captain,  by  farmers.  Her  first  venture  was  a  cargo  of  butter,  bacon, 
eggs  and  potatoes,  which  were  disposed  of  to  excellent  advantage 
in  Sacramento,  where  they  arrived  in  July,  1.S49.  The  schooner 
was  sold  there  and  the  crew  returned  to  Astoria  on  the  bark  (hrnii 
Bird,  Tibbetts  dying  on  the  way  up.  During  this  year  George  Geer 
and  Robert  Alexander  operated  the  launch  of  the  wrecked  /'■(lank- 
as  a  pilot  boat  on  the  bar.  The  craft  was  sloop-rigged  and  sailed 
like  a  clipper.  On  one  occasion  Alexander  took  her  from  Astoria 
to  Portland  in  eighteen  hours,  anchoring  over  night  in  the 
Willamette.  He  left  Astoria  soon  after  this  and  was  finally  killed 
by  the  Indians  on  the  American  River.  Geer  fell  from  grace 
by  .selling  "blue  ruin"  to  the  Clatsop  Indians  at  Astoria,  who 
terrified  the  wives  and  children  of  the  .settlers  with  their  drunken 
menaces.  The  Clat.sop  men  protested,  and  Geer  sent  them  an 
insulling  answer  ;  so  they  came  over,  ducked  him  in  the  bay  and 
ran  him  out  of  the  country  in  the  summer  of  i,S48.  The  Peacotk's 
RM.Ni.  launch  afterward  took  a  number  of  pa.s.sengers  to  San  FVanciseo. 

The  schooners  Hvcliuc  and  Sabina  were  making  regular  trips  between  the  Columbia  and  California  ports. 

Two  vessels  were  wrecked  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  this  year  :  one  was  the  bark    Vaiitouvcr.  in  command 

of  Captain  Mouatt,  well  and  favorably  known  in  marine  circles  in  the  Northwest  for  many  years.     She  was  a 

teak-built  vessel  of  about  400  tons,  and  en  route  from  London  to  Vancouver  with  a 

cargo  for  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company.     Pilot   Reeves,  who  was  afterward  drowned 

in  California,  boarded  her,  and  in  sailing  in  ran  the  vessel  aground  on  the  middle 

.sands,  where  she  .soon  pounded  to  pieces.       Nothing  was  done  about  the  matter, 

although  Captain  Mouatt  insisted  that  Reeves  lost  her  through  gross  carelessness. 

The  other  v'es.sel  was  the  whaling  ship  Maine,  which  went  ashore  on  Clatsop  Spit, 

and  a  (|uantity  of  her  wreckage  washed  up  on  Clat.sop  beach,  John  Hob.son  of  Astoria 

.securing  a  complete  cooper-shop  outfit  which  formed  part  of  her  equipment.     The 

crew  were  all  rescued  and  were  sent  to  San  I'Vancisco  in  "  ship's  boat  which  had 

been  lengthened  and  rigged  for  the  .service. 

In   i,S49  marine  craft  were  no  longer  so  few  in  number  as  to  be  curiosities. 

The  bark  Jo/ni  W.  Cater,  in  which  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt  had  returned  to  the  Pacific 

Coast,  was   running  regularly  as  a  coaster,  between  San  Francisco,  Victoria  and 

Portland.      The   bark  Madonna,  in   command   of  Captain  Couch,  who  had  made 

.several  previous  trips  here,  arrived  in  Portland  in  August,  and  Chief  Mate  J.  C. 

Flanders  took  command.     T'is  year  the  Madonna  marked  a  period  in  history,  as 

the  first  vessel  advertised  to  .sail  for  an  Atlantic  port  from  the  Northwest,  being  on  berth  at  Portland  for  New 

York.     A  relic  of  river  navigation  in  early  days  is  yet  visible  at  low  tide  in  Astoria  harbor,  where  the  timbers 

of  the  old  Sylvia  de  Grasse,^"  wrecked  in   i.S4y,  still  remain. 


to 
wt 


Capt.  Jnii  hatfiei.o 


'"Tlie  Sytx'Ui  de  iita^se  was  an  old  New  York  packet  built  of  live-oak  and  locust.  Tile  ship  had  coiisiderahle  historic  interest 
attacheil  to  her,  l)ein>;  the  vessel  which  brought  the  first  news  of  the  I'reiieh  revolution  to  the  I'uited  States,  jhortly  after  this, 
she  sailed  round  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  she  was  bought  by  a  man  named  Liray.  Her  new  owner,  with  a  view  to  making  .a  (|uick 
fortune,  came  up  to  the  Columbia,  leaving  orders  for  the  vessel  to  follow  as  soon  as  possible  (iray  secured  a  cargo  of  600,000  feet 
of  lumber  on  the  river  at  Oregon  City,  St  Helens  and  Hum's  Mills,  for  which  he  paiil  about  i\%  per  thousand.  .As  it  was  then  worth 
from  J.vo  to  fsoii  per  thousand  in  .San  I'rancisco,  he  hurriedly  loaded  the  vessel  and  started  her  down  the  river.  Keaching  .■\storia, 
the  Syli-ia  was  anchored,  and  rickernell,  one  of  the  early  pilots,  went  aboard  to  take  her  down  to  the  bar.  When  the  anchor  was 
raiscil  preparatory  to  beating  do«ii,  the  vessel  drifted  on  a  ledge  of  rocks  opposite  what  is  now  known  as  l'p]ier  Astoria  ;  and,  despite 
all  efforts  10  release  her,  she  remaineil  hard  and  fast.  With  visions  of  a  falling  market  taking  his  big  prospective  fortune  from  him, 
Gray  made  tVantic  efforts  to  secnre  another  vessel.  The  only  one  available  was  the  .American  sliij)  \\\}lpole,  which  had  come  in  with 
a  cargo  of  government  sujiplies.  (".ray  ni.idc  the  M'al,  '/e's  skipper  an  offer  of  Jio.cxxi  to  take  the  cargo  to  ,San  I'rancisco,  but,  as 
the  H'lilpole  was  under  charter,  her  captain  refuseil  to  go.  .As  nearly  all  of  the  coasting  vessels  at  this  period  were  of  small  tonnage, 
several  weeks  elapsed  before  he  fin.'illy  succeeded  in  getting  his  lumber  atloat  on  three  small  schooners.     Hy  the  time  they  reached 


Ui'H'l(if)nwi't  (if  Local  M:ir'iw  Trnflic,  Buildiny  of  Stvar  and  Sailiiiy  Vessels 


as 


1848,  fifteen 
[)  ;  rniljiijr  in 
irin>{,  master, 
tTS  Joe  Lane 
Jnited  States 

to  get  tlieir 
iioii,  in  1X48, 
liort  distance 
onias  Owens, 
ivo-niaster  of 
■eplion  of  the 
putter,  bacon, 
it  advantage 
*Iie  .schooner 
e  hark  Oinri/ 
George  Geer 
eked  /''iiauf; 
.'d  and  sailed 
from  Astoria 
ight  in  tlie 
finally  killed 

from  grace 
Vstoria,  who 
leir  drunken 
nt  them  an 
the  bay  and 
he  /'faniii'x 
11  Francisco. 
)rts. 

n  command 
She  was  a 


.) 


id  for  New 
:lie  timbers 


:oric  iiiterust 
ly  after  this, 
<iiiK  •■>  i|iiick 
6<x),(Kx)  feel 
s  llieii  worth 
iiif?  .Astoria, 
anchor  was 
iini,  <lespite 
e  from  him, 
oiiie  in  Willi 
isco,  hnt,  as 
all  tonnage, 
hey  •■parheii 


The  bark  Siimss.  Capt.  William  Irving,"  arrived  from  the  Ivist  and  entered  the  coasting  trade.  The  old 
/.a  II  sail  III'  was  bought  by  Kellogg,  Whitcomb  &  Torrence  for  their  Milwaukie  and  San  Franci.sco  line  ;  and 
Captain  Crosby  arrrived  with  the  brig  (imiaii.  which  also  engaged  in  the  coast  traffic.  The  brig  Orbit"  made  a 
trip  to  Victoria  and  other  .Sound  points  ;  and  Shoalwater  Haj  had  a  visit  from  the  bark  Uiiiliiic.  which  came  from 
California  with  a  load  of  gold-hunters,  missed  the  Columbia  River  and  ran  into  the  bay  by  mistake.  Among  her 
p.issengers  was  Associate  Justice  O.  C.  I'ratt,  who,  with  others,  left  her  at  Shoalwater  Bav  and  caine  over 
to  the  Columbia.  The  bark,  which  was  of  about  250  tons  register,  afterward  came  around  to  tho  Columbia  and 
went  up  for  a  cargo  of  lumber.  In  Hritish  Columbia  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  established  Fort  Rupert, 
and,  fiiiiUiig  coal,  succeeded  in  loading  the  ship  liiii!;laiid  there  the  following  year.  Coal  was  noi  plentiful, 
however,  and  these  mines  never  amounted  to  much.  An  important  addition  to  the  population  of  British  Columbia 
was  a  number  of  settlers  who  arrived  at  Victoria  on  the  British  ship  Jfarpooiier.  in  charge  of  VV.  C.  Grant,  settling 
at  Sooke. 

On  December  25,  1849,  the  first  pilot  .schooner,  the  ^fluy  Taylor,  arrived  at  Astoria.  She  was  brought  up 
from  San  Franci.sco  by  Capt.  J.  G.  Hustler"  and  Capt.  Cornelius  White.     They  piloted  on  the  Columbia  bar  for 


ColdshoroHKli  and  others.     They  loaded  her  with  piles  and 


San  [■■ranciseo  Uiiiiher  had  fallen  with  a  rush.  AlthoiiKh  the  tiile  has  ehheil  and  flowed  thron^'h  the  tiiiihers  of  the  old  craft  since 
1.S49,  nearly  half  a  century,  many  of  them  are  still  .sound,  and  less  than  a  year  b({o  an  .\storia  lioal-huilder  went  ont  to  the  wreck 
at  extreme  low  water  and  sawed  out  a  chunk  of  live-oak,  which  he  used  in  the  construction  of  a  latter-day  hoat. 

"  Capt.  William  Irvinjj,  a  man  whose  name  will  he  rememhered  as  I011K  as  steam  and  sail  ves.sels  move  in  the  waters  of  the 
Northwest,  was  horn  in  Annan,  Dumfrieshire,  Scotland,  in  1S16,  and  dieil  at  New  Westminsler,  H.  C,  .\UKiist  2S,  1872.  He  bewail 
his  sea-K"iuK  career  al  an  early  a^e,  sailing  all  over  the  world  while  still  a  yoniiK  man.  In  the  early  forties  he  was  mate  on  the  hri;; 
Tiisiaiiy,  plying  hetweeii  New  York  and  Kuxlish  ports;  and  a  singular  coinciilence  in  conntctioii  with  this  was  that  the  captain 
of  the  lirig  was  Richard  Ilovt.  and  the  stcwanl  Richard  Williams,  three  men  who  were  destineil  in  after  years  to  play  a  most 
important  part  in  the  estahlishment  of  sle.iin  navigation  on  tlie  W'illamette  and  Columbia  rivers.  Captain  Irving  first  arrived 
in  Oregon  111  iSm  as  master  ud  part  owner  of  tlie  hark  Smrrss,  with  which  he  entered  the  coasting  trade.  Within  a  year  or  two 
after  his  arrival  lie  laid  the  foundation  for  his  fortune  hy  purchasing  a  large  tract  of  land  on  the  east  side  of  the  Willamette  ;  and, 
as  the  city  of  Portland  spread  in  this  direction,  it  liecame  immensely  valualile.  Captain  Irving's  first  steamhoat  venture  was 
the  little  /uix/''.  which  he  lirought  upon  the  deck  of  the  hark  Siiiirss  ami  placed  on  the  Portland  and  Oregon  City  route,  afterward 
selling  her  to  Wells  S:  Williams,  I,alcr  he  hoiight  the  /''.i/irfss,  and,  as.sociated  with  others,  owned  a  nuniher  of  equally  well-known 
pioneer  steaiiie  s.  Aliout  iSs.S  he  .solil  out  his  steamhoat  interests  in  Oregon  and  went  to  Itritish  Columbia,  where  he  joined  his  old 
parliier,  .■\lexaiider  S.  Murray,  and  built  the  lirst  steamer  coustrnclcd  in  British  Columbia,  the  Cin'criior  /Jimi^/as,  following  her  with 
the  ( 'iihiiii'l  .Uddi/y,  with  which  he  made  the  first  successful  trip  to  Vale  in  1S61.  In  i,S62  he  sold  his  interests  in  the  /)oiii;/iis  and 
J/ooi/y  and  built  the  h'liiiiiice,  running  her  until  i,S66,  when  he  built  the  Oincdiil.  .Almost  from  the  time  of  his  arrival  on  tlie  l"raser 
he  wa.^  engaged  in  lighting  red-hot  opposition  ;  but,  with  the  indomitable  will  anil  unflinching  iktermination.  which  is  inherited  in 
no  small  degree  by  his  son.  Commodore  John  Irving,  he  emerged  from  each  engagement  victorious,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
stood  at  the  head  of  his  profession,  ailniired  even  by  his  business  rivals,  and  revereil  hy  a  host  of  friends,  who  felt  in  his  death  an 
irreparable  loss.  In  speaking  of  his  many  virtues  a  pioneer  friend  said  at  the  time  of  bin  death  :  "  His  purse  was  always  al  the 
disposal  of  any  one  in  need,  and  his  generosity  was  unrestricted  by  class,  faith  or  iialionality.  He  knew  no  distinction  in  hi.s  bounty, 
and  he  never  allowed  a  former  injury  to  interfere  with  a  present  occasion  for  timely  aid.  He  was  a  gentleman  in  the  true  sense  of 
the  term." 

'-The  brig  Oibit  arrived  at  Tumwaler,  Washington,  ill  January,  1850,  coining  from  San  I'Vancisco,  where  she  was  bought  by 
Col.  I.  N.  Kbey,  H.  1'.  Shaw,  K  Sylvester  and  S.  Jackson.  They  purcliased  her  as  a  means  of  transit  to  the  country,  and  brought  one 
jiasseiiger  with  them.  On  reaching  Tiimwatcr  they  sold  the  brig  to  Michael  .Simmoiis,  who  sent  her  to  San  I'raiicisco  in  charge 
of  Captain  Diniham.  She  iie.\l  went  on  a  trip  to  the  Columbia  in  commanil  of  Cajitaiii  Kutler,  but,  meeting  with  ditfictiltv  on  the 
bar,  was  abandoned.  She  afterward  drifted  into  Haker's  Hay,  and  was  held  for  salvage  by  the  .\storiaiis.  Simmons  settled  with 
tli'Mii,  look  her  back  to  the  Sound,  and  sold  her  to  J.  II.  Swan,  II.  .' 
started  her  for  the  Sandwich  Islanels,  but  she  was  disabled  in  a 
gale  on  the  Straits  of  h'uca  and  went  into  Ks(|nimalt,  where  she  was 
sold  to  the  Ilnd.son's  Hay  Company  for  5i,'xk).  They  renamed  her 
and  ran  her  in  the  coast  trade  for  several  years. 

'■'Capt.  J.  (i.  Hustler,  one  of  the  first  jiilots  on  the  Coluinhia 
River  bar,  was  horn  in  New  York  City  in  i.Sjfi,  his  father  being 
master  of  one  of  the  first  packet  ships  running  between  New  York 
and  Liverpool,  in  iSi.S.  .-Xfler  attending  school  until  the  age  of 
thirieeii.  yiniiig  Hustler  was  apprenticed  on  the  school  ship 
Xorth  (\iiii/iiiu.  and  afterward  transferred  to  the  /iii/t'/>t'iuft'iitY  as 
luidsliipiiiaii.  He  was  next  in  the  sliip-ofwar  rirhU-,  iiijikiiig  a 
cruise  to  the  coast  of  .-Xfrica,  where,  while  lying  in  the  river  (laiiihiii, 
the  .\fricaii  fever  carried  olf  119  out  of  ilie  i_;2  on  hoard.  They  left 
there  at  last  and  reached  Cape  \'erde  Islands,  receiving  assistance 
from  Commodore  Perry  of  the  Miu'i'ittinitiii,  wlio  supplied  them 
with  a  crew,  which  enabled  them  to  return  to  New  York  in  the 
fall  of  iS.t4.  Cajitain  Hustler  then  retired  from  the  navy , and  began 
piloting  out  of  New  York  harbor,  continuing  there  until  184,8. 
He  then  joineil  a  coinpauy  of  forty  one  men  in  the  purchase  of 
the  brig  Sarah  McFarlaiie  and  sailed  for  Califoniiji,  arriving  in 
■Seiitember,  1849.  .\fter  a  brief  stay  at  the  mines  Captain  Hustler 
returned  to  San  I'raiicisco.  where  he  met  John  While,  nuoiher  old 
.New  York  pilot.  Together  they  bought  the  schooner  Mary  'l\iylor 
and  sailed  for  .\storia,  arriving  December  25,  1.S49,  when  they  at 
once  began  piloting  on  the  bar,  using  the  schooner  as  a  pilot 
boat.  They  coutimieil  in  this  calling  up  to  1852,  when  the  Hoard 
of  Pilot  Commissioners  was  organized,  and  Hustler  received  his 
first  branch.  He  piloteil  until  1859,  at  which  time,  owing  to 
ill  health,  he  was  obliged  to  retire,  and  engaged  in  inercantile  pur- 
suits at  .-Vstoria.  While  so  occnpieil  he  made  occasional  sea  trips, 
running  the  bark  lane  .  I.  Falknibrix  for  Captain  Mavel.  He  also 
took  the  /iiiza  .liii/crsnii  around  frcmi  the  Columbia  and  ran  her  a 
short  time  between  Vicloria  and  Praser  River.  On  lii,s  retirement 
from  the  water  he  held  the  office  of  City  Treasurer  at  Astoria  for 
six  years,  and  was  also  County  Clerk  for  four  years,  and  for  thirty  years  School  Clerk.  During  the  Ilolladay  rii;iiiie  he  was  placed 
ill  charge  of  the  Main  Street  dock  at  Astoria,  where  he  remained  until  he  died,  lehruarv  i.  1,893,  luonrned  by  all  who  knew  Iiini 


Capt.  J. 


HrSTI.KH 


26 


Lvwis  cf  Diydrn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


some   time,  and  wi-u'  Joiiiuil  in  lliis  vocitioii  l)y  Capt.   Job  Hatfield."  who  is  still   living   ;il  Coos  Hay.     Tilt 
Mary  /"rnAi;  was  a  craft  'lo  left  loii};,  17  feet   lioaiii,  and  was  linill   in  New  London,  Conn.,  in  i.sj.s.     After  tlu 
arrival  of  the  i)ilot  boat  Vulifoniia  the  Mary  '/iir/c/was  sold  to  the 
W'inants.  of  Shoalwalcr  Hay.      The  schooner    Two  llrotlirrx.  Captain 
FieUlsted.  and  the  .  Iniia  Sofi/iia.  Captain  Tutlle.  were  in  the  .Shoahvater 
Hay  oyster  trade. 

I'p  cargoes  from  San  I"rancisco  were  not  ver\  heavy,  and  in 
the  clearances  from  the  Hay  City  it  was  invariably  stated,  "for 
pro\isions,"  all  of  the  exports  from  Orej^on  at  that  time  coming  nnder 
that  general  head.  In  addition  to  the  vessels  mentioned  the 
following  were  plying  regularly  in  the  coasting  traffic :  the  .schooner 
Star/iiij(,  Captain  Meti/.ies.  barks  .hula,  (Icraii  A'/zv/.  k'roka  and 
Carib.  The  last  three  vessels  were  bought  in  .September.  1S41J.  by 
.S.  S.  White.'  D.  B.  Hanna  and  H.  Jennings,  who  ran  them  regularly 
in  the  Oregon  trade  and  made  considerable  money  with  them.  The 
brig  /('//«  Pillv  arrived  from  San  I'Vancisco  with  a  cargo  of  general 
merchandise,  which  she  had  brought  from  the  Ivast  and  failed  to 
dispo.se  of  in  the  Bay  City.  The  Pflly  was  in  command  of  Capt. 
(leorge  h"lavel,"'a  man  who  in  after  years  amassed  a  colossal  fortune 
and  made  himself  famous  in  marine  circles  throughout  the  Northwest. 
The  Columbia  also  received  a  visit  this  year  from  the  I'nited  vStates  s.  s.  whitr 


-?«, 


I  i 


"Joli  llMtliflil.  who  Wii,>.  oiif  lit'  ilif  .1/(1;  I  Tiiyliii's  cri'W  (if  pilols.  was  linni  in  liiiKlaiiil  ill  1S13,  ami  lolloweil  llie  sea  in 
various  pans  of  tile  worlil  iinlil  la-  arriveil  1111  llif  Cdliiiiibia.  .Vfler  leaving  llic  .I/ii<  v  '/"inAx  in  1H50  lie  retired  lo  a  Tarni  near 
SeottstiiirK.  OrcHDii,  ami  lias  rusiileil  lliert'  ('(iiitiiiiiiuisly  since. 

'■'S  S.  Wliile.  who  was  at  the  head  of  this  early  transportation  conipain-,  was  horn  in  Iinliana  in  iSi  1  and  crossed  the  plains 
in  iS^s.  When  he  went  to  California  to  seonre  a  vessel  for  the  Oregon  trade,  he  intended  to  liny  lint  one  vessel,  hnt  the  (jold 
exciteiiieiit.  which  had  caused  entire  crews,  from  captain  down,  lo  desert  their  ships,  had  left  lar|^e  niinihers  of  really  fiiie  craft  to  lie 
had  for  a  siiii^  ;  this  enahlcd  him  to  secure  the  three  vessels  for  alioiit  the  value  of  one.  They  made  linl  one  trip  with  the  ( 'arih,  as 
slie  was  more  siiitahle  for  passengers  lliaii  freij^ht.  The  (hritu  /iirti  was  the  money  maker  of  the  trio,  clearing  her  oi'i>;iiinl  cost. 
#I2.(KK>,  and  ^4:i<i  liesi.le  on  her  first  trip,  ill  .September.  iS^q  Her  second  trip  was  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  whence  she  returned 
with  a  profit  of  f  i6,ik»i  from  the  voyaye.  .Xfter  selling  the  l\iri/<,  White  and  his  associates  coiitiiineil  rnnniiiK  the  A'n'iii  and  Cirnu 
lliril  for  alioiit  a  year.  In  1S50  Ilaiina  droppeil  out  of  the  firm,  .iiid  White.  Jennings  and  I,ot  Whitconili  liunxht  the  hark  /.oiiisiiina, 
which  liroMHht  the  steamer  /-«/  ll'hilioiiih's  niacliinery  from  the  ICast.  These  three  men,  the  original  owners  of  the  steamer  /.<)/ 
ll'hiltiiinh,  jiiiid  |l5.cii«i  for  the  machinery,  and  sent  it  np  to  Portland  without  nnloadiii^;  il.  .Soon  after  the  completion  of 
the  Wliilcomh,  the  partnership  was  dissolved.  White  sellinv;  out  to  the  other  partners  and  retiring  from  the  steanilioat  linsiness. 
He  is  still  liviiiK  '"  I'orllaiid.  where  liis  son.  !•:.  .M.  White,  who  took  ijiiite  a  iironiincnt  part  ill  slcamhoatiiiK  on  the  Willamette  in 
early  days,  dieil  a  few  years  an<i. 

'"Capl.  Cieorxe  h'lavel.  for  nearly  forty  years  one  of  the  most  proniiiieiit  characters  in  marine  circles  on  the  I'acific 
Coast,  was  a  native  of  Norfolk.  Va,.  liiii  left  the  .Atl.iiitic  Coast  when  i|iiile  yoiinj;  and  came  to  California  ill  command  of  the 
/'■Wr.  .After  disposing  of  the  c.irKO  of  the  I'i'lly  in  I'orllaiid  lie  returned  to  .Sail  I'rancisco  and  went  to  the  mines.  AIakiii){  11 
short  slay  there  he  letiinied  lo  the  water  and  look  command  of  the  old  (iiilinh,  which  was  then  riinninj^  lielween  ,Saii  I'rancisco  and 
Sacranienlo  as  a  ]iiisseii^er  sleatner.     lie  remained  on  the    (,'<>/i»/i   hut    a   short  time  (Hlthoii^di  he  ran  her  between   Portland  and 

San  I'rancisco  a  fewtrijis  in  1.S51),  returning  to  the  Colnnibia  early  in  i.Sso  as  mate 
and  pilot  on  the  old  steamship  (,\ihlhiiiilfr.  While  in  this  service  lie  was  Kiveii 
the  first  branch  license  ever  issued  to  a  Columbia  River  pilot  by  the  Stale. 
Leaving  the  GeliUiiinter  he  bought  the  schooner  Citlifnntia  in  San  P'rancisco. 
and  bronnht  her  iiji  and  pnl  her  on  the  bar  in  opposition  to  the  lUarv  Taylor, 
then  rnnniii^  as  a  pilot  boat.  By  j/ood  mjinajxemciil  he  soon  succeeded  in  ending 
the  opposition  and  securing  full  control  of  the  bar  pilotage.  He  made  moiiev 
very  rapidly.  Thinking,  however,  that  the  chances  for  acctiniiilaliii>^  a  forluiie 
were  belter  on  shore,  in  comiiany  with  ;!  man  named  .Aiken  he  built  a  sawmill  on 
Vonng's  River,  wliicli  rninecl  them  both  in  comparatively  shfirt  order  .-iiid  forced 
Captain  I'lavel  lo  ^;o  back  to  his  original  calling.  Money  was  jilentiful  in  those 
days,  and  p'lavel  had  iiiaiix  friends  in  the  lijiy  City  ;  so  wlieii  he  went  down  and 
staled  his  case  he  had  no  trouble  in  securing  the  means  to  buy  an  interest  in  the 
schooner  //ahyoii.  of  which  he  bec.inie  captain,  iiiakiiig  money  fast  in  tliec<iastiiig 
trade.  Willi  tin-  jirofils  he  piirchaseil  an  interest  in  the  Jijue  .  I  /''alketthrti^  ami 
look  commaml.  running  her  for  about  two  years.  During  this  time  he  retained 
his  interest  in  the  pilot  boat  ( 'iiti/innia,  which  was  always  a  mouey-niaker,  .Mionl 
1S58  his  marine  ventures  and  iuveslments  ashore  had  grown  so  jirolitable  that  he 
retireil  from  the  water  himself  and  gave  all  his  attention  to  the  inanagement  of 
his  business.  He  had  full  control  of  the  bar  pilotage,  and.  while  the  rates  were 
high,  he  kept  the  service  up  lo  a  high  standard.  When  Paul  Coriio  put  llie 
Riibhoui,  the  lirst  lug,  in  the  service,  P"l;ivel  and  his  nervy  pilots  waged  such  a 
relentless  and  iintiriiig  o])position,  that  Coriio  retired  in  a  sliorl  lime,  loser  by 
.••everal  thousand  dollars,  while  the  I'lavel  jjilots  had  prospered.  Soon  after  the 
f^ahboni's  departure  llie  State  olTered  a  bonus  of  ;f,;o.(x)o  to  any  one  who  would 
inaiiitaiii  a  steam  tug  on  the  bar  for  ji  period  of  \\\\t  years,  P'lavel  accejiled  the 
offer  and  built  the  tug  .-htoriti  in  i.S6y.  and  for  nearly  twenty  ye.'irs  enjoyed  almost 
a  monopoly  of  the  towage  and  pilotage  into  the  Columbia.  His  rates  were  high, 
but  he  gave  a  service  that  has  not  been  improved,  except  in  so  far  as  the  dangers 
have  been  lessened  by  improvements  to  the  channel  ;  and  thnnigh  all  of  his  rigimr 
any  opposition  that  sprang  up  fonii'l  c(nitiniied  existence  iniiiossible,  for  the 
simple  reason  that  his  service  could  not  be  excelled.  The  .Istoriti  handled 
the  business  for  a  few  years,  ami  then  the  C.  J.  Ihciiluitii  was  brongli  out. 
Cai't,  r.FoHriK  i-'r.AvKi,  followcd  by  the  C'oliniihit}  and  snbseiiueully  by  the  new  .Is/iiriti.      .Abon'    1SS7 

Captain  p'lavel  .sold  out  his  interest  in  this  business  to  .\.  M.  Simpson  and  .etired 
from  active  service,  residing  in  .Astoria  until  his  death,  wliicii  occurred  July  .?.  189^  No  man  whose  name  hail  been  so  provjinently 
before  the  people  wa.s  more  roundly  abused  by  both  press  and  public  for  niany  years  than  Capt.  (ieorge  p'lavel ;  and  jet  in  less  than 


Dvvrliifjmmt  nf  Local  Marim-  Traffic.  Buihlimj  of  St^nir  nivl  Sailinc/  Vmnflu 


37 


Hay.    Tin 

AfltT    till 


wed  lilt'  SLM  ill 
to  a  farm  iirar 

issed  the  plains 
1,  but  tlie  Kold 

fine  craft  to  he 
til  the  i'arib,  as 
r  ori^'iiiHl  cost, 
•e  she  returtietl 
'i-i<kii  and  Oiraii 
>ark  /.otiisiiiiia. 
lie  steamer  /.»/ 

completion  of 
nlioat  business. 
>  Wdlamette  in 

on   the   I'acific 

inimand  of  the 

I\Iakin;r  ,i 

I'rancisco  and 

1   I'ortland  and 

11  1X50  as  mate 

he  was  ({iven 

by  the  Slate. 

■ian  I-'rancisco. 

Afiin-  'I'ayloi , 

•dt'd  in  ending 

.'  made  money 

tin^  a  fortune 

It  a  sawmill  on 

!er  and  forced 

nliful  in  those 

eiit  down  and 

interest  in  tlie 

n  the  roasting 

\ilkeubi'}i;  and 

he  retaineil 

laker.     About 

litable  that  he 

ui.inement  of 

he  rales  were 

'oriio  put  the 

wa^ed  such  a 

iiie,  loser  by 

iooii  after  the 

lie  who  would 

iiecepted  the 

njoyed  almost 

es  were  hij^h, 

s  the  dangers 

of  his  ft't^imr 

iiblc,    for  the 

otiii   handled 

brongh    out, 

Abon'    1SS7 

)n  and  .etired 

proi  liiiently 

in  less  than 


survcyiiiR  scIiooirt  /•;?,■///,,•  .'^     Of  Ww  wrecks  ..cctirriiiK  iti  iS.).)  tin-  most  impnrtniit  wtTi-  tliost   of  tlie  American 
ship  .l/iroi-ii"  mill  liie  I'Vcncli  baric  A/iHiuut;  .S'/.«-." 

hi    tlic    yiar    1S50   transportation   on    the   nppcr   WillaiiK-tte    was    carried    on    by    two    men,    who    are 
.still  in  active  service,  Capl.  (JeorKc  I'ea.se  "  and  Capt.  James  I).  Miller.   '     Miller  had  a  flatboat,   sixty-five  feel 

a  year  after  his  relirenieiil  desires  were  expressi.l  for  a  restoration  of  the  I'lavel  manaKemeiil  with  its  IukIi  raiis  but  exiellent 
service      Cai.lain   b'lavels  success  was  due  in  a  larne  measure  to  a  thoroiiKb,  practical  kiiowlcdKc  ..I  ihc  business  in  wliicli  he  was 
eiiKaKVil-      l'*^  'i''^'*''  "•■■"'  "  '"""  "lii^f  '""  "ould  not   ^o  himself,  and   coupled  Willi 
absolute  fearlessness  he  possessed  rare  Kood  judnmeiit.     With  Ills  death  iiassed  away 
a  remarkable  man. 

■  The  Kovernincnt  schooner  /•.'?('/>/;'  arrived  in  the  Columbia  April  u>,  iNy,  aUer 
siirvcyiiiK  the  coast  frinii  San  l-raiicisco  north.  She  was  a  topsail  schooner  ol  about  ijn 
tons  burden,  in  command  oH.Mp'.ain  McArlliiir,  and  carried  \i  men  all  told.  On  arrival 
she  surveyed  the  river  as  far  iij.  as  ToiiKue  Toiiil.  .Xnioii;;  her  crew  was  J.  A.  Cook,  still 
liviiiK  at  Astoria.  The  tiwiiii;.  while  IviiiK  in  San  l-rancisco  harbor,  preparatory  to  her 
northern  cruise,  was  the  scene  of  a  traj;ie  exhibition  of  naval  iliscipliiic,  four  of  her  crew 
beiiin  handed  to  the  vardarm  for  deserlion  and  attempted  murder.  They  were  anxiinis 
to  Ket  to  the  mines,  and  on  the  wav  ashore  with  the  lienleiiant  threw  him  overboard  and 
escaiied,  only  to  be  recai>tnred  and'  sentenced  to  death.  Two  of  the  men  were  lianned 
from  the  A'im/iiii,  one  from  the  .S/.  .l/m  v.  and  one  from  the  Arc/Hi,',  while  a  liltli  man  was 
repr.eved.  After  making  the  survey  in  the  Colninbia  the  A".-.7«!,'  went  to  I'UKet  Sound. 
"The  American  ship  .liinnii,  in  cimimand  of  Captain  Kilbourn,  formerly  of  the 
brij;  //liny,  ran  on  the  sands  off  f.rav's  Hay  while  ill  loiilr  frimi  San  I'rancisco  for  a 
lumber  carKo.  She  had  twetitv  or  thirty  passeiiKers  aboaril  and  a  small  car^o,  and,  a 
heavy  Kale  coming  1111,  the  ship'proved  a  total  loss.  John  Ilobson  took  the  passengers 
to  Or'eKou  City  in  a  liatboat. 

'' Another  imiiortant  wreck  occnrriuK  this  year  was  that  of  the  I''rencli  bark 
.Uiiiiiiiii;  Shir,  Cap  .  I'rancis  Mciies,  from  Havre  ile  (".race  for  the  Columbia  River.  She 
left  Havre  in  December,  iH.iH,  and  arrived  iit  the  bar  in  July,  iS^y.  She  had  waited 
seven  ilays  lor  a  jiilol,  and,  as  the  captain  of  an  American  bri^  told  Captain  Jleiies  lliat 
Pilot  Kee'ves  hail  been  drowneil  in  Sail  I'rancisco  Hay,  he  attempted  to  sail  in,  July  1  itli. 
Ile  had  crossed  with  the  .1/();7)/h.i;  .syn)  in  1S.17,  but  the  tortuiais  channel  hail  cliaii).!ed, 
and  she  struck  while  drawing  sixteen  feet  of  water  ami  thninped  for  nine  hours.  All  the 
lifeboats  were  lost  in  altemptiiiH  to  lower  them,  and  one  man  was  drowned.  The  keel 
and  rudder  broke  olf.  and  she  linallv  drifted  into  Hakers  Hay.  I.atlie,  the  river  pilot, 
took  out  some  Indians,  and  with  their  hel]i  and  that  of  the  crews  from  the  bark  /n/iii 
IV.  Ciili'i;  brig  Uiuliiie  and  ship  Wiilfiuli-,  who  worked  with  her  for  twenty  hours, 
pumpiiiH  and  bailing,  and  with  the  assistance  of  a  box  rudder,  linally  reached  I'ortland. 
Her  earKo  was  .saved  and  the  hull  purchased  bv  Couch  and  I'landers,  who  afterward 
sold  her  to  Charles  llutehiiis.     I'UiKene  I,a  Korrcst,  who  came  out  as  mate  011  the  b  irk,  lived  at  Oregon  City  for  a  niimlier  of  years. 

"Capt.  ('.eor«e  A.  I'e.i.se  was  born  in  New  York  111  iSvi  and  left  there  at  the  age  of  niiieleen  with  liflyone  other  youiiK 
men,  on  the  bark  Mhikiiii  the  vessel  having  been  purchased  by  tlieiii  for  the  voyaxe  to  the  California  gold  field.  He  arrived  ill  San 
Fraiieisco  Sei)teniber  v.  ^^V>,  and,  after  a  lew  moiitlis  in  the  iniiies,  sailed  for  Astoria  on  the  lirig  .  \iiiui  li.  .1/ii/«c,  Captain  liaker. 
.■\rriviiiK  at  Milwankie  in  July,  1S51).  he  hexau  boating  between  Drenon  City  and  Milwankie.  In  December  of  the  same  year 
he  purchased  a  liatboat  to  rnirabove  the  falls  and  a  keellicmt  to  ply  between  rortland  and  Oregon  City,  lie  ran  the  liatboat  up  as 
far  asCorvallis,  with  ocoasiomil  trips  to  I'Uinene.  His  first  steainlioatinj,'  was  on  the  steamer  //utiuii.  on  which  be  ran  as  pilot  and 
purser  under  C.iptain  Swain  for  three  or  four  months.  In  the  suininer  of  iS^i  he  went  to  I''airlicld  and  superinlendcd  the  construction 
of  the  steamer  OiiXixi,  then  beini;  built  by  Hen  Simpson.  On  her  completion  he  worked  as  pilot  umler  Cajitains  Parker  and 
.       . ,  .V       _..    .    ■    .  1  I    .-1.    .  1 11  ...t .  .11..  1   .1...  /  ■ .-  .y/^    ...1.;...    1 1 1.. ,.  ^:....^  T  ..til 


KiiKini-er  Sleanifr  ( 

nf  Col.  Juc  Meek's  sluries 


S.Ml  I  n, 

himftia,  listiiiinK  to  oar 


Shields.     He  left  the  (>iri;;>ii  in  July, 


1 
iSi',,  and  built  abirge  liatboat  called"  the  l,'a:ille,  wliico  he'operalcd  on  the  iijipcr  rive"-  until 
■November.  iSjv  Ile  next  ran  on  the  U'lilliiiin  I,  as  pilot  aficr  llie  uiilortimale  steamer 
(iiizilli-  blew  up.  In  the  wiiiler  of  is.vi  ,=i,s  he  was  on  the  (  nth  iiuili  with  C.pt.  I'.eorfje 
Cole,  and  in  the  slimmer  of  that  year  assisted  in  elTectiun  the  first  coinbiiiaiion  made 
im  the  Willamette,  the  steamers  interested  beiuH  'be  /-'iivikliii,  Cniii-i  lull  and  the 
//ri'Siii.  the  latter  boat  having  the  mail  eonlract.  During  the  low-w.ter  period  of 
1.S55  Captain  Pease  took  a  Irij)  lo  the  Colville  mines,  returning;  to  ilie  ( \iiii'iiiii/i  as 
pilot  and  freight  clerk  in  the  winter  of  is.s.s  .s6  under  Capt.  Theodore  Wynaiii.  I'Mat- 
lioatiiiK  oci'iipied  his  attention  diirinj.;  the  suminer  of  iS^s'>.  and  the  following  year  he 
took  conimaud  of  the  (  iiiitiiinli.  In  the  summer  of  iS.s",  with  Si.  Smith,  he  liuilt  the 
sieamer  ('i'.-.'///- on  the  Tiialiiin  Kivcr,  selling  her  to  Ilolmaii  and  Ilnnlington.  He 
was  next  inati'  on  the  I'.iitii f>i i\i-  wiih  Captain  Jamieson.  im  the  u]i]ier  river,  and  in 
tlicsuinmer  of  1.S5H  built  two  tlalboats  for  Captain  .-\insworlli.  10  run  bttween  Oregon 
City  and  Clackamas.  One  of  them  was  lilted  with  engines  and  iiamid  llie  Skeilinlillf. 
In  the  following  winter  hi-  served  as  iiilot  on  the  Ihih.iitf.  just  built  b\'  Jamieson,  and 
left  her  to  go  as  pa  lot  on  the  A /^'.  He  took  com  man  1 1  of  the  tfiiwaiif  in  Maicli,  1.S6. 1. 
.■lud  ran  her  iiiilil  July,  then,  with  the  Dements,  he  built  tb'  A.rit/,  which  he  owned 
for  two  months,  when,  selling  out  to  .Apperson,  he  retiiri*'  '  >lhe  (>n:i'iin/,  running 
her  and  the  Siii/tiisr  until  they  were  sold  to  the  People's  1..1  .-,.ortalioii  Company  in 
1S63.  He  then  built  the  steamer  A'«/(;/i/7.(c  with  C.  W,  Pope,  John  Crawfoid,  Nat. 
I.aiie  and  Judge  Stratton.  She  cinnmenced  biisines>  in  .November,  but  a  combinatioii 
was  soon  made  with  the  Peo))le's  Traus])ortaliou  CoinitaiiN'.  He  operated  her  until 
1.S65,  when  she  was  exchanged  for  stock  in  the  company  and  proied  a  highly  pr  litable 
investnient  to  her  owners.  Cajitain  Pease  now  began  lit  inn  steamers  in  and  out  of 
the  basin  at  Oregon  City  for  the  coiniiany,  and  cimtimied  in  this  work  until  the  spring 
of  iSOS,  when  he  went  lielo'.v  the  falls  and  limk  coininand  of  the  .  l/iif,  nmniiig  her 
until  she  was  rebuilt  and  named  the  A'.  .\\  i'ii<'ki\  lie  ran  the  latter  boat  until  the 
cinnpany  sold  out  to  Hen  Holladay,  when  be  was  appointed  superintendent  under  the 
new  i,'i;iiiu\  While  in  Ilolladay's  employ  he  built  the  big  hotel  at  Clatsop  Heacli.  In 
the  fall  of  1S74  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company, 
taking  command  of  the  U'l'/iiiiiir  on  the  .\stori.i  route.  He  remained  with  the 
coinpany  imtil  1S7.S,  and  then  begJiii  jtilotiug  on  the  ri\i'r.  following  this  occuiiation 
until  iHSi,  at  which  time  he  went  to  Lake  Pen  d'Oreille  and  built  and  ran  the  /li'iiiy  I  i7/iiii/  for  iUl^  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company.  Ile  next  built  and  ran  the  steamer  /\'iilir  l/n'.Ull  on  Clark's  Fork  of  the  Colninbia.  Ou  the  completion  of  the  railroad  he 
retiirneil  to  the  lower  river  and  took  command  of  the  bar  tug  IHoiii'i^r,  jnst  out  from  the  l';ast.  Leaving  the  l^ioiit't'i  he  iiiloted  until 
May,  1HS8.  when  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  riiioii  Pacific,  leaving  them  three  years  ago  to  wri-ck  the  .ihi-iioiii.  lost  <ni  r,ra>  *s 
Harbor  V'di  a  cargo  of  railroad  iron.  He  secured  nearly  2,(xh)  tons  of  the  iron,  and  on  linisliiiig  his  task  returned  to  his  old  vocation 
on  the  river.  In  the  spring  of  1S94  he  commanded  the  Ifovernmeiit  ilreilge  W.  .V  /.aild,  used  in  deepening  the  ship  channel  between 
Portland  and  Astoria.  I'"ew  men  living  have  had  the  experience  in  this  calling  enjoyed  by  Captain  Pease,  and  he  is  apparently 
good  for  many  years  to  come. 

"Cipt.  James  1).  Miller  was  born  in  New  York  in    1S30,  and  arrived  cm   the  Pacific  Co,ist    in    |S.|S.       Soim  after  rcacliiujt 
Oregon  City  he  began  running  a  liatboat  between  Canemah  and  Dayton,     .\lter  coiitinning  in  this  trade  for  a  while,  he  coniinenceil 


CUT.   CiKOKi'K   A.   I'K.ISK 


a8 


Li-wis  di  Dryilcn's  M.iriih'  Hi'itmy  of  tlw  Pacific  Nnrthwtist 


liiiiK,  witli  wliii'li  lie  111  iilf  two  roiiiid  trips  a  week  from  Cniieiimh  to  Dayton  ntui  I.iifayettc,  the  |)n)|)elliiiK  ixivver 

l)einK  furtiishcd  l)y  t'ouf  IiidiaiiH,  wlii)  were  paid  sixteiMi  dollars  each  for  tiie  Iriji.     Captain    I'uasc  had   a   larni'i 

boat  of  six  Iiidiiin  power,  and  both  boats  diil  a  IhriviuK  business,     Tiiey  carried  down  from  ,vx>  to  4110  bushels  ol 

wheat  as  a  load,    for  which  they  were  p.iid  Pdty  cents  a  bushel  freiKht,  and  the  up-lrip 

rates  were  thirty  five  dollars  per  ton  measurement, 

^^^jj*  It  was  fourteen  years  after  the  arrival  of  the  steamer  /Innvr  before  much  effort 

^^^^^I^L    _  was  made  at  steamboatinx  in  the  N'ortliwest.     The  attention  of  the  OreKonians  was 

^^^^^^^^  first  called  to  the   matter  in   .Septeml)er,    i.s.pi,  when   David  W'ilkins,   of  I'ittsburKh, 

T^^T|^^  I'enn.,  addressed  a  letter  to  the  merchants  and  business  men  of  Oregon  City,  asking 

V  £^2  for  information  as  to  the  practicability  of  building  a  liKht-drafl  steamer  to  run  on  the 

J^        JPPfc  Willamette  River,  and  also  one  for  the  \'ancouver  ami  Cascades  trade.      He  offered  to 

^^^^^^^%H^^^^        build,  and  shi|)  in  a  sailing  vessel  around  the  Horn,  a  1511  ton  steamer  for  5^,(i<h>.     No 

^^^^BB^^^^H        action  was  taken  in  this  matter,  but  the  following  year  steamboats  appeared  on  the 

^^^^^^^^^^^V         Willamette  and  Columbia 

^^fKffKHf^  T'"-'  '''■'*'  steamboat  built  in  Oregon  was  a  namesake  of  the  first  vessel  to  enter 

the  Columbia   River:    the  Coliiiiibia.      She   was  a  little   sidewheeler   built  at  Upper 

Astoria  and   made  her  trial  trip  on  July  ,v  1^50.     The  Columbia  was  owned  by  Capt. 

Daniel  Frost.  Gen.  John  Adair,  anil  the  firm  of  Leonard  vt  Cirecn.     In  building  her 

Thomas  (loodwin  was  the  head  carpenter,  and  George  Hewitt  did  the  joiner  work. 


'ritOMAH  SmIIII 


KiriiKN  Smith 


were  of  eight-inch  bore  by  two-foot  stroke, 
from  San  Francisco  by  Thomas  V.Smith, 
the  well-known  Oregon  Railway  vV  Nav. 
young  Smiths  assisted  their  father  in 
Columbia  was  90  feet  long,  16  feet  beam, 
left  Astoria  on  her  first  tri])  at  noon  on 
with  Thomas  \ .  Smith  in  charge  of  the 
She  reached  Portland  at  ysyo  v.  m,  the 
three  hours  proceeded  to  Oregon  City, 
the  evening,  a  great  celebration  being 
steamer  Lot  W'hilcomh  was  on  the  stocks 
shape. 


liv  Jolni  Ziiiiiwalt.  Ill  the  fall  cif  1856,  with 
fdi'.owiiin  year  Imilt  the  f/oiisifrtS'o.f.  In  18.^8 
and  with  his  assiieiates  purrliased  the  steamer 
when  she  biirneii  at  I.iini  Citv  In  1S60  he 
placed   it   in    the  steam  scow  f'liiii/ii//.      .Soon 


Her  engines  were  of  French  make  and 
non-condensing.  They  were  brought  up 
the  father  of  Thomas'-  and  Reuben  Smith, 
igation  Company  engineers,  and  the 
l)lacing  the  machinery  in  the  craft.  The 
and  about  4  feet  depth  of  Indd.  She 
July  ,^d,  in  commaml  of  Captain  I-'rost, 
engines,  assisted  by  Henry  McDermot. 
next  day,  and  after  lying  there  two  or 
where  she  arrived  about  ,S:(xj  o'clock  in 
held  in  her  honor.  At  this  time  the 
at  Milwaukie,  and  wa.s  rapidly  as.suming 

sieanihoaliii);  on  the  //iiosifi;  owned  and  ran 
■S,  K.  Smitli,  he  hon^lit  the  steamer,  am)  the 
he  sold  an  interest  in  the  steamer  to  IC.  M.White, 
Jamis  Cliiilon  and  ran  her  nntil  April,  1K61, 
took    the   machinery   ont  of  the    Htioitt'f  ami 

after  this  he  sold  his  interest  to  Capt.  J.  T.  .\ppersoii,  and  with  Capt.  t'lCorKe  Pease  went  to  the  .Snake  River  mines.  l(etnrniii|{ 
from  there  in  December,  1S61,  he  iKni^ht  the  steamer  Ihiio  from  Capt.  j.  I".  .Apperson,  added  the  final  it  to  her  name,  and  ran 
her,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  in  i,S6i,  when  he  was  on  tlie  .V/niintdiii  liiick  nm\  Juliii,  until  she  whs  ahsorlied  liy  the 
People's  Transportation  Company.  I'roin  the  tftiion  he  went  as  jiilol  on  the  l'\inny  i\itliin  with  Capt.  (ieor^e  Jer<nne.  thence  to 
the  /•'ii/fif)iise  with  Capt.  Seliastiau  Miller,  remaining  with  her  until  she  was  dismantled.  When  the  new  steamer  .  Ilbiiiiy  was  liuilt 
he  piloted  with  Capt.  I.oii  Vickers,  ami  after  a  short  term  on  her  entered  the  milling  liusiiiess  at 
Ore^'on  Citv.  soon  afterward  serving  on  the  Peojile's  Transportation  Company's  steamers  (Mrt'.Ki/, 
Sena/iiy  anil  /;'.  M.  Owkf.  He  was  a  passen>;er  on  the  Siiinlo)  when  she  was  lilown  np,  and  the  next 
day  look  command  of  the  /•'.  jV.  Cooki\  and  ran  her  until  the  OreKon  Steam  Navigation  Company 
alisorhed  the  People's  Transportation  Compaiiv.  In  i.SyS  he  piirchaseil  C.  P.  Chmch's  interest  in  the 
Hour  mills,  and  also  bought  the  steamer  ,/.  . /.  .1/,  <«//)' ami,  after  removin)'  her  >;eared  machinery 
and  pnttin){  in  that  of  the  steamer  Sfifit'ss,  ran  her  to  lui^ene.  In  iSyy  he  became  financially 
involved,  losing  not  only  his  mill  interests  but  the  steamer  as  well,  which  he  hail  turned  over  to 
Z.  J.  Hatch.  He  then  t()ok  conimand  of  the  (i/v  a/  S,i/,-m,  and  ran  her  until  iSSi  for  William  Reid, 
carrying;  railroad  material  to  Ray's  I<auilin>;  ami  Dayton.  On  account  of  ill  health  he  resigned,  and 
with  Church  and  others  bonf^ht  the  Hour  mills  at  Walla  W,illa.  I'rom  there  he  went  to  .Sanil  Point 
anil  ran  the  lleiiiy  I'illiiid  011  I.ake  Pen  d'Oreille.  I'rom  the  lleiiry  I'Hliiiil  he  went  to  the 
k'ltlif  Hallflt,  running  on  Clark's  I'ork,  and  in  the  spriiiK  of  1.SS2  returned  to  Walla  Walla,  sold  out 
the  mill  and  went  to  Dayton.  In  1.SH6  he  retired  t.)  a  ranch,  returniuK  to  the  river  attain  in  1.S89, 
ruiiuinji  the  CV/i' f;/"  .S'(//<'/«  between  I'uliiuartz  and  Ray's  Lauding;  until  her  seizure  in  i.Syi).  Subse- 
quently he  went  to  Iluntin^ton  and  sni)eriiitended  the  building  of  the  .Xoniia.  making'  the  firs'  trip 
with  her  into  the  Seven  Devils'  Country.  Returning  to  Portland  he  served  on  the  d'oiriiior  iWeu'ill, 
7'hiee  Sistns,  ToU'ilo  i\ni\  /itsi'f>h  h'llloi^f^  ^\\\r\\\)^  iSi)i-y2.  In  1S93  he  went  to  Montana  and  took 
command  of  the  steamer  .  Iiiiin/v,  niiinin^'  on  the  Kooteuai  between  Jennings  and  I'ort  .Steel.  He 
remained  there  until  August,  iSyj,  when  he  went  to  the  .Sound  and  purchased  the  steamer  llalya  and 
iilaced  her  on  the  Kootenai,  ruuninK  out  of  Honner's  h'erry.  Willi  few  exceptions  Captain  Miller 
ii,is  seen  more  of  the  growtli  and  development  of  the  marine  business  than  any  man  liviiiK. 

"Thomas  Smith,  who  assisted  his  father  in  the  construction  of  the  Columbiix,  was  born  in 
Raltiniore  in   lS^j       On  the  completion  of  the  Columbia  he  shijiped  as  second  enniiieer.  remaining 

on  her  a  year,  wlien  he  joined  the  steamer  IaU  Whiltiimb  in  the  same  cajiacity.  I-roni  that  time  until  iS(j2  he  ran  as  chief  engineer 
on  the  Coliniibia  and  Willamette  steamers  /llixklitiwk,  Afulliiomuli,  /uigle.  //luisiir,  Caiicmah.  Sfrinii/a,  Afoitnliiiii  liiiik  and 
Waihiiigloii.  In  1S62  he  was  on  the  njjjier  river,  being  chief  on  all  the  boats  there  and  on  the  middle  river  until  i.st,S,  when  he 
went  to  ihe  Sound  on  the  Wilson  (i.  Hunt,  x\\\\\\\\\^  for  a  year  between  Olyinpia  and  Victoria.  Returninj;,  he  coutiuned  in  the 
employ  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  ami  the  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navigation  Company,  and  served  as  chief  engineer 
at  different  times  on  every  steamer  of  their  ileel,  with  the  excejition  of  a  few  Willametle  boats.  He  was  chief  engineer  on  the 
T.  J.  Potlei   for  about  five  years,  leaving  her  in  1X94  to  go  as  chief  on  the  steamship  (!eo.  W.  Eliiei . 


CAI-T.   J.    I).    Mll.l.KU 


\ 


A 

I'. 

sh 


po. 


-.^..I.lj^ 


Drvrlnpmnit  nf  I  ncnl  Miiripf   haHlc.  Building  nf  Steam  nnd  Sailiny  Vrsicli 


ag 


ipellltiK  (xjwer 

had  a  lar^i'i 
(iH)  hiislicls  ol 
11(1  the  ii|)-tri|i 

ru  much  ttTorl 
rfnoiiiaiis  was 
)f  I'ittshiirKh, 
II  City,  nskiiiK 
to  run  on  thf 
He  offered  to 
r  :fH,cxjo.  No 
ipcared  on  the 

I'cssel  to  enter 
nilt  at  Upper 
vned  by  Capt. 
Imilding  her 
joiner  work, 
.vofoot  stroke, 
mas  V.  Smith, 
ilway  iV  Nav- 
leir  fatlier  in 
1 6  teet  beaTH, 
ip  at  noon  on 
cliarge  of  the 
(:<x)  I',  M.  the 
(Jregon  City, 
•ration  heing 
un  the  stocks 


1  (if  i.Sjf),  with 
A'o..,'.  Ill  i.S.sS 
ied  llie  steaiiuT 
III  lK6(i  lie 
iimhill.  Soon 
t-s.  lu>tiiriiin)( 
iiaiiif,  1111(1  ran 
isorheil  hy  ilie 
line,  ilieutf  to 
lliany  whs  liuilt 


'liit'f  eiiiiiiieer 
liii  Hiitk  and 
^frS,  wlieii  he 
itiiiued  in  the 
liiif  engineer 
jjineer  on  the 


The  r,>,'««(*/Vi  continiied  in  the  trade  In-tween  Porthind,  Oregon  City,  Astoria  and  Vancouver,  and  enjoyed 
a  good  business,  fare  and  freiglit  between  river  points  being  i2S  per  head  or  per  ton.  'riie  running  time  between 
Portland  and  Astoria  was  twenty  four  hours,  the  boat  lying  up  at  niglit.  ,\s  anollier  profitable  source  of  revenue 
slie  carried  suppbes  from  Vancouver  to  the  Cascades,  witli  occasional  trips  from  Astoria  witli  passengers  from  tile 
Pacific  Mail  steamers,  fre(iueiitly  carrying  so  many  that  there  was  hardly  standing  room  on  board.  The  ( '•'liiiiibh 
was  a  shortlived  boat,  and  in  a  few  years  her  engines  were  removed  and  jilaced  in  the  steamer  /•'nt/iii'ii.  The 
hull  was  afterward  swept  away  and  lost  during  a  June  freshet. 

'I'he  situation  in  regard  to  transportation  facilities  at  the  time  the  (  ,</ii»i/'i,i  apjieared  is  very  graiihically 
set  forth  in  the  following  letter  from  the  veteran  purser,  Dan  ()'  Neil,  written  in  response  to  a  re(iuest  for  a  sketch  of 
his  own  career  on  the  Columbia  River.     Writing  from  Kedondo  Heach,  Cal.,  under  date  of  January,  l8i;5,  he  says  : 

"  111  llic  spriiiKiif  iMji).  at  the  iige  of  Iweiitvoilf,  I  joiiiecl  tin-  Mciiinttil  Rillc  KckIiiU'IiI,  near  I'ort  l,i-aMtnv(irlli.  Mo.,  lakiiin  h 

iHiHilioii  ill  the  siitltr'silepartiiieiit.      In  the  iiKiiilli  of  May,  in  c niaiiil  of  CiilimiO   I.oiinK,  llie  reKHiieiit  stiirled  iiii  lis  inarch 

acro's  the  plains  to  (Irexdii,  ami  arrivnl  at  OreKoii  City  in  tile  nioiith  of  Oilolar.  where  llic  reKinieiit  went   into  winter  i|Uarterii, 

Soon   after   arrival    it    was    found    necessary   to   transport    ccnisideralile 

c|iiaiititieB  of  stores  from  Vaiiconver  to  Oregon  Cily  for  the  use  of  the 

re>{iiiient. 

"  Navigation  In  the  dayii  of  '49,  on  the  Colnnihia  and  Willamette, 

was  not  onlv  a  leilioiis  lint  somewhat  difTieiilt  and  ilaiiKertms  nndertakliiK'. 

Steainlioats  were  nol  in  fashion,  and.  as  roads  were  not  yet  opened  up  for 

heavy  wa)(oii  tralhc,  llieoiily  way  of  KettiiiK  theKoodsthroiiuli  «asliy  o]ien 

lioats  and  man  powei.     hor  this  purpose  liateaux  lieloiiKiiiK  to  llie  Hudson 

May  Company  were  lirouglit  into  service.    ( )ii  several  occasions  I  took  com 

niiiiid  of  a  small  Meet  of  four  or  live  of  these.     With  a  crew  of  six  Indians 

to  each  lioat,  and  a  load  ofaliout  live  tons,  we  would  leave  Vancouver  in 

the  afternoon,  nnkiiiKonr  first  landing  and  camp  somewhere  near  where 

St.  Johns  now  stands      On  the  second  niglit  we  would  reach  Milwaukie. 

and  on  the  next  aflernoon  iiiaUe  otir  arrival  at  ()re){oii  Cily,     ('lettiuK 

over  the  rapids  lielow  Oregon  City  was  1:  tedious  hut  exciliiiK  part  of  our 

journey,  the  Indians   wading   and    towing   throiinh   the    swift   current, 

patient  and  enduring;,  noodnatured  and  willing,  as  loii){  as  they  received 

their  dollar  a  day  and  plenty  of  fresh  heef.      Occasionally  one  would 

lose  his  hold  and  footing  and  >;o  whirling  down  the  rapids  for  some 

distance  liefore  he  w(«ild  recover  iiimself,  and  several  times,  while  poliiij; 

oil  the  head  lioat,  I  lost  my  lialance  and  took  a  spin  in  the  rapid  waters. 
"  Anions  the  civilians  that  acconiiiaiiied  the  regiment  to  Oregon 

was  an  enterprisiuK,  energetic  man  liy  the  name  of  I'rost,  hetter  known 

as  Capt.  Jim  I'rost.     lie  saw  the  imnieiliate  need  of  hetler  facilities  for 

transportation  of  goods  and  passengers,  and  started  the  idea  of  Imilding 

a  small  steamer  for  that  purpose.     Oeu.  John  Adair  of  .\storia,  Capt.  Tom 

Goodwin  of  Clatsop,  and  others,  took   it  up  with  him,  and  a  few  moiilhs 

later  the  /.ill/r  I  liliimhia  was  horn  and  went  creeping  slowly  np  the 

waters  of  the  Coluniliia  toward  Portland.     Her  first  trip,  1  think,  w/is 

made  in  July,  1S5C1,  with  Jim  h'rost  as  captain,  and  Tom  .Smith,  the  father 

of  genial  Toin  of  the  I'lllfi,  as  engineer.     It  is  to  lie  regretted  that  there 

was  no  photo  artist  in  those  days  to  make  a  truthful  picture  of  this  poor 

little  sidewlieeler  as  she  struggled  and  panted  against  tide  and  current, 

doing  her  four  or  five  miles  an  hour  uiiiler  favorahle  circumstnuces  ;  lint 

she  could  make  more  noise  with  her  exhaust  than  the  A'.  A'.   riioiiipM'ii 

now  does  when  having  a  race  with  the  Tcliflioiif. 

"  Everything  was  on  a  niiiiiature  scale,  except  the  rate  of  passage.     I'or  the  luxury  of  a  trio  from  .Astoria  to  Portland  the 

modest  sum  of  Jlj.'i  was  deiiiaiided  and  cheerfully  paid.     Some  few  nionths  later  I  had  the  commaiKl  of  the  liltle  sleamer  for  a  few 

mouths,  and  iluring  that  time  I  had  the  honor  of  carrying  a  niimlier  of  the  now  millionaires  of  Portland,  among  them  II.  W.  Corliett, 

John  Oreeii  and   IIeiir\-  Leonard:  and  also,  at  one  time,  after  arrival  of  the  steamer  .-it  .Astoria  from  San   praiicisco,   I  look  iiji  a 

number  of  the  schoolmarms  who  came  out  from  the  Hast  to  leach  in  the  schools  of  ( Ircgoii.       Porlliiiid,  at  that  lime,  was  ji  small 

tow  ■    and  we  iiiaile  a  short  slay  there,  and  proceeded  (Ui  toward  Oregini  City,  making  <Mir  last  landing  just  lielow  llie  rapids.     I'roni 

here   .ur  passengers  had  to  walk  over  a  rough  road,  and  ofleiilimes  through  iiiinl  and  rain,  to  the  ferry  crossing.     The  l.illlf  Coliimhia 

had  her  ilay,  and  shortly  afterward  the  /,(>l  H'hitt'iinih  made  her  appearance,  with  Capt    J,  C.  .\inswortli  in  cominand,  and  Jacob 

Kainin  as  engineer.     .And  then  large  and  small  steamers  began  to  increase  and  niulliply.     por  a  nnmlicr  ol  years,  during  which  time 

I  was  residing  in  .Australia.  I  lost  sight  ol  the  sleamboat  busine.-s  in  Oregon,  but,  011  my  return  to  reside  again  in  the  Webfoot 
country  in  1.S72,  I  found  the  rivers  alive  with  boats  of  all  descriptions,  and  once  more  look  to  the 
river,  entering  into  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  of  which  Capt.  J.  C. 
.Aiiiswdrth  was  the  moving  spirit,  reiiiaiiiiiig  willi  that  conipaiiy  during  its  ownership  and  then 
Irausferriiig  to  the  Oregon  Railway  iV  Navigation  Company,  and  afterward  to  the  I'liion  Pacific,  till 
within  the  last  year  or  two,  having  served  at  times  on  nearly  every  boat  owned  by  these  i-oinpanies, 
,.^_,--^^fc  rnnning  on   the  Portland  and  Cascades  and  Porll.'ind  and  Astoria  routes.     Though  it  is  a  number  of 

jr        ]^^L  year:!  since  the  ll'iilr  ll'rs/  and  the  A'.  A'.  T/iom/'Siiii,  models  of  comfort   and   elegance,   first   made 

w         ^^9  their   ap|ie.irance.  during  the  Ainsworth    management,   I    believe  I  am  warranted   in    saying   that 

JF     ^tf^^t  nothing  liner  or  Heeler  has  been  placed  on  the  river  since. 

^^       ''>.^^B  "  '"  conclusion,  1  would  say  that  steamboaling  is  '  not  now  what  it  used  io  W(t.s/ 


Dan  <r.\l:ll. 


HKKKVMAN  JC.NNINC.S 


his  a.ssociates. 


The  glory  of  the  first  steamer,  (.'o/iiiiihi<i.  had  not  yet  begun  to  fade  when  the 
steamer  Lot  W'liilcomb,  a  much  more  pretentious  boat,  was  launched  on  Christmas 
Day,  iSso,  during  a  tremendous  jollification  meeting  at  Milwaukie.  She  was  named  in 
honor  of  the  founder  of  Milwaukie,  and  was  commanded  by  Capt.  William  I,.  Hanscome, 
W.  H.  H.  Hall,  pilot,  Jacob  Kainm,  engineer.  Her  original  owners  were  S.  S.  White, 
Berryman  Jennings  and  I,ot  Whitcomb.  She  was  a  commodious  sidewheeler,  160  feet 
long,  24  feet  beam,  3  feet  8  inches  depth  of  hold,  with  wheels  18  feet  in  diameter.  Her 
machinery  had  been  brought  out  from  New  Orleans,  to  be  placed  in  a  boat  on  the 
Sacramento,  but  on  arriving  there  it  was  bought,  before  it  was  unloaded,  by  White  and 
Capt.  J.  C.  Ainsworth  had  come  out  from  St.  Louis  to  run  the  steamer  on  the  Sacramento  at  a 


mss 


i 


,V*  Lewis  cf  Drydrn's  Marinv  History  of  fhv  Pacific  Norihwvst 

salary  of  S.VX'  Ji  nionth,  l>ul  was  iiitluced  hy  Whitconih  to  come  to  Orej;oii.  By  tht*  tiint  the  steamer  was  ready  \\v 
had  ever  $2,000  wages  due.  for  which  he  was  given  stock  in  the  Company.  When  Lot  Whitcoinl)  secured  thi 
machinery  in  San  Francisco,  he  employed  Jac(»l)  Kamm  to  come  to  Oregon  and  place  it  in  the  boat,  giving  him  a 
salary  of  $4<k)  per  month.  The  boilers  came  in  twenty-one  pieces,  and,  as  there  n'ere  no  boiler-makers  in  Oregon  at 
that  time.  Kamm  and  his  b.Llper,  a  man  named  lUakesly.  were  obliged  to  put  them  together  unaided,  as  well  as  to 
n^ake  the  tools  i!t?cessary  for  the  task.  After  completing  the  sieamer,  W'hitcoinb  and  his  colleagues  sold  stock  to 
a  great  many  people  in  the  vicinity.  Among  the  buyers  were  Robert  Newel!  of  Champocg,  who  invested  S2.<xx), 
and  Sydney  \V.  Mt)ss  of  (^regon  City,  S.>."ou.  Other  purchasers  were  Robert  CanfieUl,  Hiram  Clark,  Aianson 
Heers  and  Jacob  Hiuisaher  of  Oregon  City.  Thomas  Hubbard  oi  Vaiuhill.  and  Walter  Poiuery  of  Rolk  County. 


>i  lAMi  i-t  ■■  l.m*  Willi" 


1-'|01!I   iill   C.I.I  ttl.lW  Uiy 


Whitcomb  then  oiTered  the  remaining  interest  in  the  boat  to  Kamm.  wh'>  was  running  as  engineer,  but  he 
refu.sed  it,  and  '  was  transferred  to  Capt.  J.  C.  Ainsworth.  who  took  coinnun\i.  Kanim  reni...;iing  in  charge  of 
the  engines,  whi.e  John  H.  Jackson.  '  who  is  still  living  at  I-'mpire  Cit\ .  ser\e('  as  mate.     The  /.o(  \\'hiitomb\^  first 


•■'Jacob  Kaiiini  wa'^ltorti  in  SwiL/.t-rlainl  in  i.s^;^.  ami  came  to  lliis  counlry  when  (jnile  younjf.  lie  bail  a  tboronj^b  training;  as 
a  inaohinist.  anci  soon  after  bis  arrival  in  the  I'niied  Slates  secureil  a  position  as  enj;ineer  on  the  .Mississippi.  He  remained  Iheri' 
several  >ears  and  in  is,|tj  ioined  llie  tide  of  ininii^ralion  then  rushin<j  to  California.  Soon  after  arriving;  he  con.meticed  his  I'acific 
Coast  career  liy  rnnni?:^  the  hitio  steamer  /i/i!.-kha:ck  on  ilu-  Sacramento  River.  She  was  towinj^  mostly,  and  Kamm  had  a  crew 
consistin.ij  nl  .:'.e  sailor  and  .ni  enj^iiuer,  ;'i]d  ib.e  three  of  them  ])nl  in  fall  time  patebini;  the  leaky  boiler  while  the  iuial  was  not 
in  motion.  In  .\ii.t;'.'st.  'Ssci,  I.ot  \Vhitcoml)  wa".  in  Sa'.  I'ranciseo.  awaitinj^  the  arrival  of  the  machinery  for  the  new  slfanier  bnildinj^ 
on  .lie  \\'dlanu'tte.  He  employed  Kamm  lt>  return  wit.'  him  In  Oregon  and  plaie  the  niacbinery  in  llie  vessel.  .\ft..T  (ompletin); 
ihe  work  Kamm  continued  on  lier  as  enidrieer  f.iUil  she  w*'^  sold  and  taken  l<t  San  I'rancisoi,  He  snl)se<|nently  bnill  llie  first 
slernwlieel  steamer  constnu'ted   ;::   '.irej.jon.  tlie  ////.'/V  C/^iiA':     hen,  \\itb  Captain  Ainsworlh,  be  bnill   the  steamer  ( i/M/*'  /.lufit 

tlie  keystone  U\  wliat  was  desti  led  lo  he  om.'  of  the  most  p.twerfii!  and  proliv  tide  corporalitnis  that 

ever  existed.     Trom  tin-  small    lej^inninj^  made  b\  ibis  'onijiaralivelv  insignificant  steamer  s])r.uij.; 

i  "  -'  li;*'  fuion  Tran;.porlation  Coni,tany.  tlu  Oregon  Steam  N'aviKalioii  Company,  the  ( trei;on  Railway 

vS:  N>'vii;ati<M;  Ccnipaiiv,  ,and  l.ie  allieil  orv;ani/ations  thai  assisted  in  piliu),'  up  colossal  fortunes  for 
the  st..,kbolders.  When  all  ipposition  had  been  subsidized  or  sipielched,  and  the  ( hej^on  Steam 
Navii^ation  Ctnnpanv  bad  -succeeded  the  rnion  Transp(trtati":i  Company.  K.  K,  'riionipson  and 
j.!'  (»!'  Kai  ;m  were  the  lari.;est  individual  slocklndder'^.  Kamm,  dii'inu  the  early  davs  of  the 
iMMiipanv,  ran  as  enj^iiieer  on  the  boats.  Inil  as  the  business  expanded  be  was  made  cliief  enyineet 
t>t  the  lleet  and  rclircil  from  ti  *  water.  All  lliis  linie  he  had  been  steaibly  ^mwinj^  rich,  as  the 
r.'su'.l  of  outsicle  investments,  and  did  not  pay  miu-li  attention  to  the  liiealest  Meallh-prothieer  in 
bis  p  isses'.ii.n,  bis  Oreyon  Steam  Nnviiiation  .sldck  ;  ami,  when  he  was  convinced  that  a  powerful 
coinpetinii  companv  was  about  to  eonnnence  business,  he  rehtctantiy  sold  out  at  a  nominal  tlynre, 
losin;,'  several    hnndrud  thousand  dollars  by  the  transaction.      He  afterward  bnill  and  operated 


juite  a  number  of  ste.uners  oji  his  own  aeeoiint.  and  at  the  jireseiit  time  owns  all  or  ; 


nlroll 


interest  in  tlie  steamers  /.niiiin\  f'lhfinr,  (\t\iu  //'< 


in^ 


was  at  one  lini.'  owner  of  the  ill  fated  steamsh 


Steam   Navij^ation  boats,   was  interested  in  the  steamers  /'.V/'.  Sntf^t 


.\',nw,7.  MttS(\)(,  /'.(/(.'fV/Vr  and  others,     lit 
.  .V.  Il'n>^/tf.  and,  in  addi'inn  to  the  ()re>;nii 


id   A'/.-w/.     While  Mr 


Kamm  has  amassed  an  immense  fortune  in  other  jinrsnils,  lie  has  always  retaiiu  d  enonj;h  interest 
in  his  old  vocation  to  keep  himself  well  posted  in  every  detail  of  the  business,  ,ind  there  are  few 
men  who  kmnv  as  nnich  about  the  many  iletails  of  the  sleamlmal  business  as  Jacob  Kamm.  He 
is  still  livin^i  in  Tortland,  and  has  one  son.  Cajil,  Charles  T.  Kamm.  who  lias  a]>parently 
inherited  his  father's  steamboalinj^  pnadivities. 


JilEIN    n.    lAi-KSON 


'John  H.  Jackson,  one 


r the  first  mates  on  the  steamer  /.<>/  H'hittoiiih,  was  born  in  Itosto 


He  came  to  llie  I'aeitie  Coast  in    iSjt),  and   first  worketl  on  the  Sacramento  River  at  a 
salary  of  fy^i^-  per  m<nith.     He  kit  there  for  Milwaukie  in  the  winter  of  1.S50,  and  in  the  spring;  went  as  mate  on  the  U'hiicofub. 


eavinj;  bt 


lO  ta.."  cmnmaud  of  the  bark  /.ii/i\ii/in<\     He  i.ui  ibis  vessel  until   iS^^,  and  then  bought  the  bark  .  Inn  Sniifh,  taking 


^ 


Di'ivlopmt'iit  uf  Local  Marliw  Traffic,  Builtfimj  nf  St>  am  ami  Sailing  V"ssvh 


31 


•r  was  ready  liv 
111)  secured  tlu' 
:,  giving  him  a 
rs  in  Oregon  at 
i,  as  well  as  to 
s  sold  stock  to 
ivested  82,000, 
.Mark,  Alansoii 
I'olk  Coiiiitv. 


% 


neer,  but    Ik- 
in  charge  of 

'liitioiiib's  first 

iii^h  triiiiiiii^  ;t.-, 
rein.-iiiu'ii  llierf 
n't'd  liis  I'acirK 
in  h.iil  a  crew 
tuial  was  iiol 
iiiifr  Imildiii^ 

WX  inlllplelitlf; 

liiiilt  tlie  lirsl 

( 'ill  III-  I. ,1,1,1. 

rpiiraliiiii.s  tliat 

slfaiiuT  spr;m^ 

regoii  Uailwa\ 

.sal  forliiiies  fen 

Ort'^im  vSti'itiii 

riiciiii|is(in  am! 

ilays  uf  Ihc 

liiif  eiij^iiit'er 

iiK  rioli,  as  till- 

Ui-proilm-LT  ill 

hat  ji  powerful 

iiiiiiial  figure. 

anil  (iperate.i 

,'1  controlling: 

id  others.    Ill 

to  tile  Orcpm 

/.     While  Mr 

M^li  interesi 

1  llu're  are  few 

li  Kainni.     lie 

appareiitlv 


C'ACT     J.    C.    .XINSWOKTII 


l>nni  in  Itoston 
ilo  River  at  a 

lie  tl  hilcomb. 

'^iiiilli,  taking 


work  was  on  the  Astoria  route,  making  two  trips  each  week.       Soon  after  this  service  was  inaugurated,  she  ran 

on  the  rocks  opposite  Milwaukie,  carrying  away  wheel,  wheel-house  and  guard,  and  tearing  a  hole  in  her  litdl. 

She  coiitinu.-d  on  the  lower  river,  connecting  at  Rainier  with  the  Cowlitz  River  Canoe  and   liiteau  line,  aixl 

carried  considerable   freight  and  many  passengers.       Having  very 

good  power  1  17  .\  S4  inch  single  engine',  she  made  a  fine  towboat, 

and    handled    nearly    all     the    sailing    vessels    that   came    up    the 

Columbia.     She  was  an  expensive  boat  to  run,  however,  and  in  1.S.S4 

was  .sold  to  the   California    Steam    Xavigation    Company,   and  on 

August  1 2th  steamed  out  over  the  bar  in  command  of  Capt.  (ieorge 

I'lavel,       Outside  she  was  picked  up    by    the    steamship    /',\i,>iii,t 

and  towed  to  S.iii   iMancisco,  Captain   .\insworth  going  down  with 

her.     The  trip  was  rough  and  she  reached  her  destination  with  three 

feet  of  water   in    the   hold.       On    the   Sacramento   her   name  was 

changed  to  the   .Imii,    .lb,rii,iliy.  and  she  ran  regulaily  for  many 

years  between  Sacramento  and  San  Franci,sco. 

The   first   .Ami  rican    steamship    to  cross   into  the  Columbia 

was  ine  old  Cniv.'iii,-.  which  entered  in  June,  a  few  weeks  ahead  of 

the  (ii'liiliiiiili  r.   guierailv  credited  with    lieing    the    pioneer.      The 

CiiiW/iif  was  in  command  of   Captain   Wood,   witli    R.   Oaksmith. 

pnr.ser.      She  carried  the  first  Tnited  States  mail  received  by  way 

of  the   Isthmus. 

The  steamship  C'Uiliiint,  r.  ■  which  was  brouj^ht  up   ni   the 

fidl  from  San  Francisco,  was  .sold  by  her  owners  to  the  proprietors  of 

the  I'lirtlanil  townsite  and  a  few  outside  individuals  who  s\ibscribed 

small  amounts.      Tweiitv  mie  tb.ousand  dollars  was  paid  down,  and 

tor    the   remaining    tliin\ -nine    thousand.    ColVin.    I.ownsdale    and 

Chapman    i;ave    their   joint    nnles.       They    were    forced    into    this 

venture  bv  the  enterprise  of  Lot  Whitcomb,  \\  ho  ran  his  steamer  from  Milwaukie  to  Astoria,  ignoriui;   Portland. 

and.  for  a  time,  refusing  to  stop  there  at  all.     Captain   Hall  and   N.  1'.  nennison.  |)art  owners  iii  \\\m  C,oUiJiHiilii\ 

were  made  capta    >   and  clerk   respectively.       The   steamer   carried    several  cargoes  of  Oregon  products  to  San 

Francisco,  and  ga\     I'nrtland  such  a  boom  that  even  Whitcomb  was  obliged  to   recognize  the   new  city,  and  his 

steamer  fiiialU-  ran  no  fn  tlier  up  the  river  than  the  present  metropolis.      The  captain  and  clerk  on  the  C,,'l,ihuHl,)\ 

in  consideration  of  a  liberal   bonus,  solil  out  their  interests  to  minority  stockholders  in  -^an   l'"rancisco,   and  the 

steamer  was  taken  to  Tehuantepec  and  sold.  This  left  Portland 
without  a  steamship,  and  the  proprietors  without  the  money  they 
bad  paid  for  her. 

Among  the  sailing  \essels  trading  in  Xorthwestern  waters 
during  1S50  was  the  old  brig  (ii,>ii;r  l\m,r\ .  which  afterward  enjoyed 
the  distinction  of  taking  out  the  first  coasting  license  issued  on 
I'ngi't  Sound,  at  Olympia,  \o\embcr  10.  i.ssi.      The  /■.'»/<  rr  arrix'ed 

her  to  Central  .\nieiiea,  where  he  sold  her.  Retiirnill).;  to  .s>all  I'raneiseo,  he 
went  to  the  iniiU'S.  In  the  sjniiii;  of  iSss  he  took  up  a  elaiin  on  Shoalwater 
H.'iy.  living'  there  niuil  1S56,  when  he  aj;ain  relumed  to  .Sau  h'raneiseo  and  ran 
ou  the  sleanier  ll,llll„i,l  to  I'oos  II. ly.  He  was  one  of  the  lirsl  pilots  on  llie 
Coos  11. ly  h.ir,  and  h,is  lieell  ill  I'oiuniand  at  dillerent  limes  since  of  llle  tiii^s 
/■',;ir/,ss  and  .  l//i/i,i,  and  Ihe  sleaii"  s  S,it,-llil,\  i:,  iHht  and  others.  He  is  still 
livin.i;  at  l\uipire  Cily. 

''Thv  (,',>/, //iitn/i  I  .ifierw!.  !  came  into  the  possession  of  the  t'.overn- 
luent,  and  her  uaiue  was  chau  ..■■!  to  the  .l,ti:;\  MuteriiiL;  the  !.;eodelic 
service,  she  sni\e\ed  Shoalwa'.r  R.iy  iis  far  hack  as  in  iSs2.  In  1S5S  she 
was  sur\e\  in,!.;  011  I'niicl  Sonnd,  and  assisted  iu  landing  I'liited  Slates  troops 
ou  Sau  lui'.n  l-Iand  In  !S6o  she  made  a  survey  of  Cray's  Harbor,  ,iuil  shortly 
afterward  jiassed  into  ihe  h,iuds  of  the  California,  ( Ireijon  X:  Me\iio  Sleaniship 
Company  illolladay's  line),  coulinuini;  to  11111  on  Ihe  Norlheru  routes  until 
she  was  finally  wrecked.  In  I  Shj  she  was  in  Ihe  ni.iil  service  hclweeli  San 
I'raucisco  and  Victoria  under  a  heavy  snhsid\-  fioin  ilie  llrilish  ('.overnim-nl. 
.She  wa>.  then  in  cointnauil  of  Ca])t.  Ch.arles  'riioru.  Iiilinan,  purser.  Other 
well-known  captains  who  had  eh,iiye  of  her  were  Windsor,  Scludl,  I-"lo\d, 
llewill.  Hall,  :Mackie  and  l,yous.  The  old  sUaiiu  r  came  lo  an  untimeh 
cud  1. 11  Jnuc  ,s,  1S70,  111  coiiiin,iU'l  of  Ciplaiti  Lyons,  who  sncceedi'd  Ca]it.iin 
.Sherwood,  who  was  drowned  olT  the  coast  of  fapau  a  few  inonihs  later.  .She 
w.is  (•}!  r,>u/t'  from  .San  I'rancisco  l.»  Vii-toria.  and  during  a  dense  fo^  slruck  a 
rock  twenty  Iwo  miles  .ioiilli  of  Cajie  Mendocino.  .\s  soon  as  the  accident 
happened  she  Iiej^an  making  water  \er\  fasl.  and  was  inimedialeb-  lu-aded  for 
shore  Before  re.ichinji  there  she  settled  ^o  rapidly  that  the  lireinell  were 
knee  deep  in  water  when  she  .mounded  on  the  heach.  She  had  on  hoard  177  p,isseii(;ers.  all  of  whom  were  safely  landed,  and 
lakcii  to  Sau  h'raueisco  h\  the  steamer  /  id /'Ac.  The  value  of  the  car^o  w,is  ahoui  ;fii«i,ooo,  and  nearly  oue-half  of  it  was  saved, 
despite  the  assaults  of  the  land  |iiralcs  living  near  hv,  who  had  to  he  kejil  olf  wiih  sliolf.'niis.  The  <,',>/illii(iif,i  w:  s  linilt  at 
New  York  iu   [S|y.  and  was  sm  tons  hnideii.     ller  dimensions  were  :   l,eu>;th,  i7Jleet:  hcam,  J7  feel  :  depth,  iii  leel. 


J.wnii  Kamm 


wm 


32 


Lewis  cf  Oryden's  Marine  History  of  thu  Pacific  Northwest 


\    ll 


1   i 


:  I  'h; 


.^_,'r  -■ 


.it  Olympia  in  July  in  command  of  Capt.  Lafayette  Batch,  bringing  a  cargo  of  general  inercliandise.  Not  likiiijr 
the  place,  he  went  to  Steilacooni  and  .set  up  a  ready-made  house  which  he  had  on  board,  giving  that  town  its  start. 
The  brig  was  taken   back   to  San   Francisco  by  his  mate,  Capt.  Iv.  S.  I'owler,  ''  who  continued   in   command  fur 

.several  years.  The  British  .schooner  Albion  laid  her.self  liable  to 
American  customs  laws  by  touching  at  Dungeness  for  a  cargo  of 
timber.  She  was  .seized  by  Collector  Adair  of  Astoria  on  charges  of 
entering  without  reporting,  and  committing  depredations  on  public 
lands.  She  was  taken  to  Steilacooni,  but  after  receiving  a  warning 
was  released.  The  Albion  WdS  in  command  of  Captain  Urotchie,  from 
whom  Brotchie's  Ledge,  off  Victoria  harbor,  received  its  name.  Slie 
had  slow  work  securing  a  cargo,  as  entries  in  her  log  show  that  she 
frequently  loaded  but  one  stick  of  timber  per  day,  most  of  the.se  being 
sixty  and  seventy  feet  long.  The  American  schooner  Pleiiulcs  took  a 
load  of  lumber  from  Olympia  in  May,  and  the  brig  Kobot  lio-arii  a 
similar  cargo  in  June.  The  bark  Franris  mid  /.oiiisc  arrived  at  Portland 
from  New  York  with  general  merchandi.se,  having  among  her  freight 
a  stock  of  goods  consigned  to  Henry  W.  Corbett.  Regular  vessels 
plying  between  the  Columbia  and  San  Francisco  were  the  bark  (T(wi,v 
and  Maiilia,  of  Astoria,  brigantine  Piidinonl.  the  brigs  foaqiiina.  Sopliia. 
Anna  E.  Maine,  and  others.  The  Shoahvater  Bay  oyster  trade  had 
evidently  commenced,  for  the  schooner  Columbia.  Captain  Phillips,  left 
that  point  with  six  hundred  baskets  of  oysters  on  beard. 

The  I'mpcjua  River  received    a   visit    in    November   from    the 
,^  .schooner  Samuel  Roberts,  which  was  the  first  oceangoing  craft  to  entt  r. 

She  was  followed  the  same  year  by  the  schooner  Ortolan.  Captain 
RacklifT,  ■  and  the  .schooner  Minerva.  Captain  Toner.  At  \'ictoria  the 
Cadboro.  Heaver  and  other  vessels  belonging  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  were  engaged  in  regular  coasting 
trips,  and  in  March  their  ship  Norman  Morrison  arrived  from  London  with  eighty  emigrants.  The  sloop-of  war 
Falmouth.  Commander  Pettigrove,  touched  at  Astoria  and  spent  some  time  in  the  river. 

A  very  good  pilot  service  was  maintained  on  the  Columbia  bar  and  river  this  year.  In  addition  to  the  pilots 
running  in  the  Mary  Taylor  the  year  previous,  Capt.  Alfred  Crosby  '  gave  up  command  of  his  coasting  vessel  and 
went  to  work  on  the  bar.  Two  branch  licenses  were  i.ssued  to  river  pilots  in  1.S511,  the  first  to  Capt.  George 
Flavel,  who  ran  en  the  (ioldliunter.  and  the  other  to  Capt.  Philip  Johnson,"  who  was  handling  sailing  vessels 
up  and  down  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers. 


Cai't.  William  K.  Racklipf 


■'Capt.  K.  .S.  rowlerwas  born  in  I.ubec,  Maine,  November  19,  iSn.  lie 
came  to  tlie  Pacific  Coasl  in  1849  as  master  and  pari  owner  of  the  bark  Onoddy 
Hell,  wliicb  he  sobl  in  ,San  I'rancisco,  ami  went  to  rn)j;el  .Sonml  us  nnile  on  llie 
briji  Geort^e  /unery  in  1S50.  On  lier  retnrn  to  San  i'rancisoo  be  was  j;iven 
comniancl,  bnt  soon  after  lefi  the  Emery  ami  pnrcbaseil  an  interest  in  the  topsail 
schooner  Cynosure,  taking  her  to  the  Sonnil  in  |S,S2.  In  i.Ss^  he  went  Hast,  ami 
on  his  retnrn  to  the  Coasl  bf>n^hl  the  pilol  schootier  A'.  />'.  Potter  in  San  I'ranciseo 
and  look  her  to  the  Sonml  in  iSs(.  The  Potter  was  a  very  speedy  i-rali,  and 
Captain  I'owler  made  considerable  money  with  her  before  steamboats  beeanu- 
nunierons  in  the  North.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  lifties  he  retired  from  the  water 
and  entered  the  mercantile  biLsiness.  lie  hebl  at  various  times  a  nninlier  of  terri- 
torial and  connty  offices,  and  clied,  nniversally  respected,  November  27,  i,S76, 
aged  63  years. 

"'■  Capl  William  !•;  RacklifT,  who  was  with  his  father  on  the  schooner 
Ortolan,  the  second  vessel  to  enter  tlie  rinpi|iia,  was  born  in  Portland.  Maine,  in 
1S34,  ami  bejjan  going  to  sea  with  his  father  when  a  boy.  Tlie\-  canie  round  to  the 
Coast  in  1S49  in  the  Ortolmi.  a  stanch  twnniasled  vessel  of  seventy-fonr  tons 
burden.  'I'tie  schooner  continued  in  the  trade  between  the  t'lnpitua  and  San 
I'ranciseo  until  1S52,  when  she  was  .sold  to  San  I'ranciseo  parlies.  In  iK.ii.S  the 
Rackliffs  constructed  the  schooner  '/':oin  .Sisters  at  .Scottsliurg,  running  her  until 
1S65.  Tliev  iie\l  built  the  steamer  .Uary.  the  fust  ste.'i  ner  to  run  o'.i  the  Co(|uille. 
Tliev  operated  her  a  year  ami  llieii  removed  the  machinery  and  sold  the  hull. 
The  Coritelia  was  their  next  veiitnr"  (see  wreck  Coidetia),  ami  after  disposing  of 
her  retired  and  ilevoted  theniselves  to  ranching  for  a  time,  and  in  1.S7S  built  tlie 
sle.amer  Little  .hniie.  which  they  sold  some  years  later. 

'"Capt.  .\lfred  Crosby,  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  early  jiilols,  was  born 
in  Brewster,  Mass.,  in  1S24,  and  came  rtaind  to  the  Pacific  in  the  bitter  part  of  the 
forties,  .\fter  running  in  tlie  coasting  trade  for  a  short  time  he  settled  in  Astoria 
about  1850,  and  soon  after  began  piloting  on  the  bar,  following  this  vncati<ui 
almost  continuously  until  the  time  of  his  cleatli,  which  occurred  at  .Astoria,  .\i>ril 
,V',  1S71.  He  was  for  many  years  niiister  on  the  famous  old  pilot  schooner  Cati- 
foenii.  and  his  name  will  always  be  inseparably  connected  with  early  piloting 
and  navigation  off  the  inoulli  of  the  Columbia. 

^'Capt.  Philip  Johnson  is  now  the  oldest  living  pilot  oil  the  Columbia  River.     He  .-urived  here  about  IS. 
began  running  on  the  river.     He  received  his  branch  w  itliin  a  few  mouths  after  Captain  b'lavel  w  as  apiiinnted 
service  \\y  to  the  present  time.     .As  Captain  l-'lavel  retired  from  the  ranks  a  little  while  after  rei-ei\iii^'  his  lice 
others  who  began  piloting  shortly  after  Captain  lohuson's  a)ipointiiient  have  since  joineil  the  sileil  major 
saiil  with  tnilli  that  he  has  successfully  |idcitecl  more  deep  water  vessels  between  Portland  ami  .Astoria  tli.iu  an 


Cait.  run..  Johnson 


19,  ami 

ill  a  s 

lort  tiiii' 

ami  has  been 

in 

aclivt 

■tise,  an 

1  as  J 

11 

of  th. 

itv,  it  I 

an  pi( 

ibi 

blv  b. 

y  man 

IVlllg 

Til 


/* 


■^ 


t.  Not  liking 
,  town  its  start. 
1  command  for 
i^rsclf  liable   to 

for  a  cargo  of 
a  on  charges  of 
tions  on  public 
ing  a  warning 

Hrotcliie.  fnmi 
its  name.     Slie 

show  that  she 
:  of  these  being 
Pleiades  took  a 
Rohcit  Hourti  a 
ved  at  Portland 
3ng  her  freight 
Regular  vessels 
he  bark  Gcorj^c 
mqiihia.  Sophia. 
yster  trade  had 
in  Philli])S,  left 
1. 

iul)er  from  the 
g  craft  to  enter. 
hiolan.  Captain 
At  Victoria  the 
egular  coasting 
he  sloop-ofwar 

ion  to  the  pilots 

iting  vessel  and 

)  Cajit.  George 

sailing  vessels 


in  a  sliorl  luii' 

Is  liiin  ill  activi 

|i(l  IIS  all  of  111' 

•an  prc)liahl>  tn 

lining. 


CHAPTER    III. 


Tin. 


STE.VMKR.S         Ml'I.TNOM.MI,"      ■'  C.VNICJtAH," 

Flint"  on  the  MiDni.u  Coi.iMiii.v — TiiK 
'■  \Vii.L.\MKTTij "— Co.\L  MiNiNi;  St.vrtki)  at  Fokt  Rii-KKT— Thk  Stkamship 
;  Vknkraiu.k  "  Goi.iah  "— The  Fir.st  Coastinc.  License  Issued  on  Pitget 
SotNi)—"  Exact"  Arrives  at  Ai.ki  Point  with  Founders  ok  Seattle— Change  ok  Ownership 
IN   Vessels— Lo.ss  or  the  Steamship    "General    Warren  "—The   Pacific   Mail   Kstahlishes 


Fir.st  .Steamer  on  the  Upper  Willaimictte — The 
"Washington"  and  "  Hi.ackhawk  "— The  "Ja.mes  P 
Iron  Propeller 
"  Columhia" — Th 


Headouarters   at   St, 
Coasting  Fleet — The 
I'OR   Violation    oi- 
"  Bordeaux "   and 


Helens— Oyster    Schooners   in   Shoalwater   Bay- Additions   to  the 
"Susan  Sturgis"  Seized  bv  the  Indians — Steamship  "Beaver"   Seized 


Revenui 
"  Marie.' 


I.Aws — Loss  oi-   THE    Bark  "  Lord   Raglan,"  and   the   Brigs 


VIvAR   1.S51   witnessed  the  advent  of  half  a  dozen  steamboats,  among  which  was  the  Ifoosier,  the 
first  .steamer  operated  above  the  Willamette  Falls.      This  ve.s.sel  was  a  small  craft,  having  been 
built  from  a  sliip's  longboat,  lengthened  out  and  supplied  with  :i  pile-driver  engine  and  boiler. 
She  was  a  sidewheeler  and  was  commanded  by  Captain  Swain        George    Pease   was   pilot  and 
purser.     She  ran  for  a  long  time  between  Canemah  and  up-river  points  and  made  some  money  for 
her  owners.     A  good  idea  of  the  size  of  the  /foosier  can  be  gained  from  a  statement  made  by 
one  of  her  crew,  who  says  that  when  she  broke 
her  shaft  one  day,  four  miles  below  Salem,  the 
engineer  and  a  deckhand  carried  it  back  to  the 
^  city  to  have  it  welded.    The  diminutive  /foosier 

was  followed  on  the  upper  river  by  the  steamer  U'as//ii/i;/on, 

which  Capt.  Alexander  Sinclair  Murray  '  had  brought  up  from 

San  Francisco  on  the  bark  Si/eeess.     Murray  was  one  of  the 


'  .Mcxaiulcr  .Sinclair  Murray  was  Ijoni  in  Scotland  in  1S27.  Upon 
reaching  lllc  age  ol'  fourteen  lie  entered  a  lawyer's  ollice.  lea\  ing  it 
eighteen  nioiulis  later  to  sail  for  .Australia,  wlicre,  alter  his  .arrival,  he 
worked  with  ;i  hrolher  until  the  news  of  the  Calitnniia  i^'cild  discoveries 
reached  him,  when  he  set  sail  lor  the  I'A  Dorado  of  the  ila\ ,  reaching  .San 
I'raucisi'o  in  .April,  iS-iy.  Alter  reiuainin^  there  ten  days,  he  chartered 
a  ship's  loii^d)oat  and  he.yaii  husiiicss  on  the  .Sacramento,  extdiaiij^iuj^ 
his  first  craft  for  a  larj^er  one  after  m.ikinj;  a  lew  trips.  With  llie  inone\' 
made  in  this  \entiire  he  hou^^lit  a  175-ton  liri^.  and  sailed  lor  .S\diiey 
via  IlonohiUi.     On  the  return  trip  the  liriK  called  at  Xaviuator's  Island, 

'     '      "  ■  had  no  insurance 


and  in  getting  away  from  there  was  wrecked.    y\\\ 

on  the  vessel,    .\fter  remaining  at  I'poln  forty  days  he  retunieil  to  Sydney, 

arrixiu^  at  the  Hay  City  on  .\u>^ust 


going  from  there  to  .San   I'ra 

9th.     I'rom  there  he  went  to  I'ortl.iiul  on  the  schooner  f  'iiit/ia  in  Si-i) 


tenilx 


id 


.pel 


It  th 


e  winter  at  Saleni.  K"niK  helow  in  tlie  sprin>j  : 


purcliasiug  the  U\xs/iitii;liiH,  which  he  l>iouj;iit  up  on  the  Sii 
placed  ahove  the  falls.     lie  snlisenuently  hiiijl  the  steJimer  /*io //,/;/(/ and 
was   interested  in  the  sidcwheel   steamer    ll'iilhiiiif'.      lie   also   owned 
sh.ires  in  the  steamers  (,'ti~e//i\  /•'iileif')  ise.  A'.r/i/vcN  and  Oii:,;iii/.     The 


Kraser  River  miiiine  excitement  lured  IMur 


,av  from  the  Columhia 


id  Willamette  rivers,  and  he  limit  the  steamer  t-\iiti>io>  lii 


Victoria,  the  first  constructed  in  Mrilish  Columhia      Tlie  foil 


//i'A/s  at 


owinii  year. 


in  company  with  the  late  William   Irving,  he  constructed  the  steamer 


Cohmcl  Mo.hly.     Hi; 


villi;  dispi 


igain  asserting  itself.  Captain 


Ai.K.\.\NnKK  Sinclair  Mckr..vv 


1  photos  taken  lU  Oregon  City  In  1S53,  and  at  Syilney.  N.S.  W,. 


Murray  disposeil  of  his  interests  to  his  associates  and  with  the  proceeds 
purchased  the  bark  .SVi;  Xyiiif'li,  2.(0  tons,  and  set  sail  for  Melhounie, 
where,  on  arrival,  he  solil  the  hark  and  lieKau  steanilioaliu^;  011  the  .Murrav  Kiver.     His  first  hoal,  the  Siillr 


in  1S61.     He  followed  it  with  the  l.,iJy  l>a/v  in   iS(i2  and  the  l.,ii/r  Ihiili 


Zealand,  where  he  linilt  the    'riinpi-  Ka.     .Sin 


«i,'   in   i.Sfi.i.     lie  tin 


ajipeared  on  the  riv 


vent  to  the  Clutlia  Kiver 


leaving  the  Northwest.  Murray  has  invested  about  Jjihi.oihi  in  the 


in  Ne 


iteainers.     He  took  a  very   importuiit  pari  in  the  early  marine  business  of  our  ilomain,  and   tlie  Nortliwest 
enterprise.     lie  is  at  present  ruiiniiiK  one  of  his  steamers  out  of  Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 


construction  of 
owes  much  to  his 


* 


»y^Wf  ^' 


i 


34 


Lewis  cj  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


'I'HK  STKAMMK     ■  Mri.TNOMAll  " 

At  foot  ol  Washinjjtoii  Street.  I'ortlaiid,  Or..  iR.^.t 


most  noted  characters  who  had  yet  appeared  in  marine  circles  in  the  Northwest,  and  for  several  years  after  his 
arrival  was  regarded  as  the  king  of  the  steamboat  fraternity.  He  purcha.sed  the  IVas/iiiigton'  on  the  vSacramenlo 
River,  and  on  getting  her  above  Willamette  Falls  he  ran  her  between  Canemah  and  the  Yamhill  River,  making 
the  first  trip  June  6tli.     As  she  did  not  prove  profitable  in  this  trade   he  brought  her  down  the  following  year 

and  operated  her  on  the  Portland  and 
Oregon  City  route,  where  she  r.in 
until  the  Portland,  a  steamer  built  and 
owned  by  Murray  and  the  late  John 
Torrence,  took  her  place. 

The  H'asliiiii^loii  was  followed 
by  the  Mnl/iiomali,'  a  steamer  which 
retained  her  prestige  for  a  greater 
length  of  time  than  any  other  of  the 
pioneers.  She  was  I)uilt  in  the  Ivist 
and  sent  out  in  sections,  and  was 
called  the  "barrel  boat,"  becau.se  she 
was  constructed  with  stave-like  tim- 
bers. They  unloaded  her  at  Oregon 
City  in  June,  and  in  the  fall,  after 
receiving  the  finishing  touches,  she 
was  put  into  .service  between  Canemali 
and  Corvallis.  .She  was  the  first  boat 
U)  ascend  the  river  as  far  as  Corvallis. 
and  enjoyed  quite  a  profitable  trade 
for  a  time.  fre(|uently  bringing  down 
from  one  thousand  to  fifteen  hundred 
bushels  of  wheat  at  a  trij).  Following  the  Midliioinah  on  the  upper  Willamette  River  came  the  Of«c///(///.' a 
sidewheeler,  with  a  bluff  bow  and  square  stern.  She  had  the  mail  contract  between  Oregon  City  and  Corvallis. 
and  Nathaniel  Coe  was  the  first  (lostal  agent.  The  steamer  fUack-liaick.  a  little  iron  propeller,  brought  from  the 
Sacramento  on  one  of  Abernethy's  sailing  vessels,  arri\i.(l  in  the  spring  of  1.S51  and  entered  the  passeii,i;er  trade 
between   I'ortUiiul  and  Oregon  City,  where  she  proved  a  money-maker  for  her  owners. 

The  first  steamboat  on  the  middle  river,  the  James  P.  Flint,  appeared  this  year.  Slie  was  built  at  the  Cascades 
bv  the  Bradfords  and  Van  Bergen,  and  after  her  completion  she  was  hauled  up  over  the  Cascades  to  run  to  The 

'  Tile  steamer  IFajA/Hji^/oH,  after  rimiiiiiK  above  the  falls,  was  taken  l)eU)\v,  ami  jilied  lielwcen  Tortlanil  ami  ()reK<"ii  l-'i>.''- 
In  lite  sprinj^  of  1.S53  she  was  taken  above  the  falls  a^ain,  btit  only  remained  a  few  months.  .She  was  onee  more  sent  below  in  July. 
)5oiiig  thence  to  the  Umpcjua  River,  where  William  II.  Troiip,  the  father  of  Captains  James  and  Cland  Tronp,  went  willi  her  a- 
engineer. 

^  The  steamer  Multnonuih  was  shipped  from  the  ICast  in  sections  on  the  bark 
SniiYSS,  Capt.  William  Irving.  She  was  sent  by  Captain  Hissell,  Doctor  Maxwell. 
Doctor  tlray  and  others,  landed  at  Oregon  City  in  June,  18.^1,  and,  after  rem. lining 
a  short  time  on  the  njiper  river,  was  witlidrawn  in  May,  |,S,S2.  and  taken  aronnd  the 

falls  to  run   between  Portland    ami    Oregon  City.      In  the  fall  she  was  put  on  the  ^^ 

Portland  and  Cascade  route,  in  comnntml  of  Captain  b'aimilerov.  In  1S,=;,^  she  w.as 
again  placed  on  the  Oregon  City  run  in  charge  of  Capt.  Richard  Iloyt.  Sr.  The  next 
year  Captain  Hrtyt  bought  her  anil  put  her  on  the  .-\storia  route,  where  she  carried 
the  mail.  He  retained  tlie  ownership  of  the  steamer  until  his  death,  in  1S62.  It  «  is 
on  this  craft  that  the  jjopular  Ca]>t.  Richard  Iloyt  of  the  present  day  rectiwd  hiseaily 
lessons  in  steamboating.  I'nder  Iloyt's  ownership  she  ran  jirincipally  on  the  lower 
river,  but  occasionally  made  trii)s  to  other  ])laces,  a  portion  of  the  time  tonchinii  .it 
Vancouver  <•«  ii>n/i'  to  and  from  .\storia.  In  i.S^i)  she  was  chartered  and  ojieralcd  a 
short  lime  on  the  Oregon  City  route  by  Captain  Molthroii.  On  the  death  of  Captain 
Movl  she  was  sold  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navig.ation  Compan\,  ami  in  1S64  turned  her 
wheel  for  the  h-ist  time,  her  machinery  being  removed  in  that  y  ear.  She  was  a  speedy 
little  siilewheeler,  one  hundred  feet  in  length,  built  of  Jersey  oak  with  a  b.irrel  hnli, 
which  required  no  caulking.  During  the  first  year  of  her  existence  the  run  friun 
Portland  to  \'ancouver  was  made  in  one  liour  and  twenty  minutes,  a  reconl  that  has 
not  been  hciten  by  many  of  the  later-day  boats,  .\mong  the  c.ipt.ains  in  coniimuid 
during  her  career  were  :  John  II.  Couch,  Richard  Iloyt.  Sr.,  II.  I,.  Iloyt,  John  McNulty  . 
William  Molthrop,  ,ind  I'auiUlerov.  Her  pursers  were  M.  H.  Millet,  J.  M.  (lilinan, 
J.  M.  Ilreck,  Richard  Iloyt,  Jr.,  ami  others. 

^  The  steamer  Canenitilt,  which  ilistinguished  herself  by  furnishing  the  first 
steamboat  explosion  in  Oregon,  was  built  at  Canemah  in  1S51  by  Capt.  .\.  1".  Hedges, 
Capt.  Charles  lleunett  1  killed  by  the  Indians  in  iS.i.sl,  .Uauson  Heers,  Ilaniilton 
Campbell  and  John  McClosky,  the  latter  an  old  Mississippi  pilot,  who  took  her 
through  the  cut-olf  so  well  known  by  his  name.  She  was  the  fourth  boat  on  the 
ui)per  river,  .\bout  this  time  Nathaniel  Coe  of  New  York  was  sent  to  this  Ctmst  as 
postal  agent.  He  made  the  steamer  his  heaihiuarters,  and  used  to  sort  the  mails  on 
the  way  u|)  ami  down  the  river.  Here  it  was  that  his  sons,  Lawrence,  I'rank  anil 
Ilenrv,  actjiiired  their  taste  for  stejiudio.ating.  The  Canrniati  exploded  a  line  on 
the  sill  of  August,  1S53,  near  Cliampoeg,  scalding  to  death  a  passenger  named  Marion  IIol.  Tufl.  She  had  been  leiigthene  i  tin 
year  previous  ami  up  to  the  time  c)f  the  exi)losion  enjoyed  a  lucrative  business.  .After  the  i\vit'niah  had  servetl  the  purpn  e  i*' 
McCloskv  ft  al .  she  passed  into  the  hands  of  .\insworth.  Cole,  Swil/.er,  Pease  and  one  or  two  others.  Theodore  Wygant,  wlii  Ii.i- 
been  with  her  .is  purser,  took  command,  ran  her  iluriiig  '52  and  '53,  and  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  George  R.  Cole.  .She  was  iji  '"" 
long,  nineteen  feel  beam,  and  four  feet  depth  of  hold. 


C  \IT,    H.   W,    11  Xri.llMA.N 


Steam  Navigation  on  Upper  Willamette,  Rapid  Growth  of  River  Business 


35 


1  years  after  his 
the  Sacramento 
River,  making 
following  year 
le  Portland  and 
,vhere  she  ran 
earner  built  and 

I  the  late  John 
ce. 

II  was  followed 
steamer  which 

;  for  a  greater 
my  other  of  the 
uilt  in  the  Ivast 
•tions,  and  was 
at,"  because  sht- 
stave-like  tini- 
1  her  at  Oregon 
n  the  fall,  after 
[ig  touches,  she 
etween  Caneniah 
vas  the  first  boat 
i  far  as  Corvallis. 
profitable  trade 
,■  bringing  down 
o  fifteen  hundred 
■  the  Cniirmali.'  ;i 
ity  and  Corvallis. 
jrought  from  thi- 
e  passenger  trade 

It  at  the  Cascades 
les  to  run  to  The 

1  :iiid  Ori-K'""  ^-'ay- 

lent  ln-li>\v  ill  July, 
went    Willi  Ikt  :i* 


\l  r.HMAN 


icuii  leiiKthenclilit 
vfd  Uie  piirpi  -e  •>' 

e  Wyn^ii'l.  "■•''  I''' 
She  Wiis  I  j,-.  I«' 


Dalles,  where  there  was  an  established  military  post.  Van  Bergen  was  captain  and  R.  Watkins,  purser.  The 
following  season  she  was  taken  below  the  Cascades,  and  in  September  was  sunk  opposite  Multnomah  Falls,  while 
in  command  of  Capt.  George  Coffin.  No  lives  were  lost,  but  the  craft  was  abandoned  until  i.S.s,^,  when  she  was 
taken   to  Vancouver  and  renamed  the  Fashion.     The  steamer  /.ot  Wliilroiiib  was  still   on   the  Astoria  route,  and 

made  an  occasional  trip  to  the  Ca.scades.  Among  her  crew  during  this 
year  were  E.  W.  Baughinan,'  fireman,  and  Hiram  Brown,'  deckhand. 
The  Wliilcoinb  had  company  on  the  Astoria  route  for  a  while  this 
.season,  the  newcomer  lieing  the  steamer  Willamclle,  an  iron  propeller 
which  i.rrived  from  the  East  with  a  ship's  bottom  built  under  lier. 
The  first  record  of  this  steamer  on  the  Columbia  ajipears  in  the  fiillow- 
ing  protest,  sworn  to  before  A.  \'an  Du.sen  at  Astoria  : 

"  IC.  W.  Willet,  master  of  the  .steam  schooner  ]i'illiiiiir/li\  nl  the  liiirden 
of  390  tons  or  thereabout,  lailened  with  merchandise,  sailed  froiii  IMiiladelplua 
on  the  5tli  day  of  .ViiHUSt  last  p:  st,  and  arrived  at  the  port  of  .Astoria,  Orei^on 
Territory,  this  tile  9th  day  of  March,  A.  11.  1.S51,  and  feariii),'  damajjc  enters  liis 
protest  accordingly.  (.'tinned)         K.  W.  Wii.i.KT." 

The  W'illaiiicttc  proved  too  expensive  for  the  route  at  this  early 
day,  and  made  but  a  few  trips  before  she  was  sent  to  ,San  Eranci.sco, 
afterward  going  to  China.  Mr.  .McDermitt,  the  engineer  who  came 
out  with  her,  is  still  living  at  Oregon  City. 

In  British  Columbia  the  Hudson's  Bay  ship  Toiy  arrived  at 
Eort  Rupert  from  England,  bringing  120  pa.s.sengers,  and  machinery 
for  the  coal  mines;  but,  as  the  industry  at  this  point  subsequenllv 
proved  a  failure,  the  tnachinery  was  removed  to  Nanaimo,  where  mines 
were  opened.  Another  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  ships  brought  out  a  small 
iron  propeller,  which  was  put  together  at  \'ictoria  by  Capt.  James 
Cooper.  Her  Majesty's  ship  Dap/iiic  was  staticineil  at  \'ictoria  the 
greater  part  of  the  year.  At  this  time  the  spasmodic  steamship  service 
between  Portland  and  San  Francisco  gave  way  vi  a  regular  line.  The  old  ( 'o/iuiit'ia  '  was  the  first  steamer  to  make 
regular  trips  l)etween  the  two  ports.     She  arrived  at  Portland  on  her  first  voyage  in  command  of  Captain  I.eRoy, 

Cajil.  !■;.  W.  Han^jliman  was  horn  in  I'nltoii  County,  Illinois,  in  1S35.  and  came  to  ()re^;<ni  in  i,S5m.  He  liej,'an  his  sieanilioat 
career  in  i.S.si  on  the  /.f'/  llliilcoiiih,  as  fireman.  In  i.S.s.^  he  went  to  the  middle  Coliimljia  and  comineiiceil  niiiniii!.;  s.iillioats 
between  the  Cascades  ami  The  D.illes.  When  steam  was  pill  on  the  river  he  was  employed  in  the  d.in,i.;eroiis  luuieitakiiii^  of  making; 
the  rajiids  poilaiie.  He  remained  here  for  three  years,  iliirini;  which  time  llie  I'lnalilla  made  her  nnex])eciecl  lri)iover  liie  C  iscailes, 
rock   ill   the  miiMle  of  the  river.     Uan;;hman  was  notitietl.    and    resciieil  the    passen.i^eis  in  a 

..;i 111.    J. t     t  1   \i'i.;, 11 1 '  .  '   t  ...  .>    I. 


CAI'T.   Hik.vm   Hhown 


(llllliv      j>,  .......    .,     111. ..,<.'. ,,,,,.  v.Li,,,,^       ,,..,       iv^      ,,tv        1    vv»j.,\      -T      ai,,,,.-.|iv'>Li,,i.>,, 

Com]i;niy  in  1S69,  he  went  to  Piigel  .Sound,  riinninji  various  boats  there 
until  1S71,  after  which  he  ran  for  two  years  in  command  of  Wrif^lit's 
steamer,  rii/oriti.  on  tlie  I'raser.  Keturnin^  to  Ore^^on  in  1S7V  he 
enjja^ed  with  the  W'ill.imetle  l-"alls  &  Lock  Conipanv,  and  remained  in 
..1. r  (1,..:,.  1.....1..  ,,,,«;!  ii 1.1 i...  <  \ ^.'.  c v.,..i...., :.... 


charge  of  their  boats  until  they  sold  out  to  the  I  )reHon  Steam  Navigation 
Company  in  iSjo,  this  transter  retnniinj;  him  to  the  service  of  this 
com]Kiii>  after  having  been  out  of  their  eniplo\-  for  thirteen  years.  He 
was  then  sent  to  the  upper  Columbia,  jioiui;  first  to  The  Dalles  and 
aflerwanl  to  I.ewistou,  and  has  since  remaiiu-d  coutiiuiously  in  the 
employ  of  the  ()re>ion  .Ste.uu  Navij^alitni  Cimipauy  .-ind  its  successors, 
and  at  ju'eseut  comm.'Uids  one  of  their  steamers  running  out  of  Portlaml. 
•'Capt.  Hiram  Itrown,  who  has  probabh-  had  the  longest  contin- 
uous service  as  a  steamship  pilot  of  .luy  man  oil  the  Pacific  Coast,  was 
t I ,,1.....    ,  ,     ,  s  ., .     ;..    I' (*.'. V \' 1.        IT.. 1 


■ I     I - 

born  December  i.i,  iS2,i.  ill  Cayiiya  County,  New  York.  He  reniowd 
to  the  Western  Stiiles  when  he  w.is  (piile  yoiiii^.  and  commenced  his 
marine  career  on  the  Mis..issip)ii.  running  out  of  St.  I.ouis  from  1X4.)  to 
iSiS.  I'roni  the  Mississippi  he  *lrifled  westward,  and  worked  on  the 
Columbia  on  the  pioneer  steamer  /,(>/  irfii/toinh  in  1S51.  He  served 
on  various  river  steamers  uulil  March,  1  sj;,  when  he  bewail  pilotinj; 
ocean  steamships  between  Portl.iml  and  .-\sioria,  his  first  cjiar^e  beiii^i 
the  ill-fated  /!i,illin  Joiuilliiiii.  lost  olf  Crescent  City  in  1S63.  [le  fol- 
Icuveil  his  calling  on  this  route,  wilhont  a  vacation  or  loss  of  time,  for 


tHI^Jt, 


Sir.AMsin 


lllti'llL     (I       \  111.  ill.IV  >l  I      III        (I  >7in     <fl        LII1IV7,       Itri 

in   December,  i,SS9,  to  enjoy  the  comforts  of  life  that  are  cerlainlv  .hie  .1  ni.aii 

She 


m?m* 


36 


Lewis  4  Dryclen's  Marine  History  of  the  PacHic  Noriliwest 


\ 


with  Mr.  French,  chief  engineer,  and  William  J.  Bryan,"  now  living  in  San  PVancisco,  first  assistant.  Dall  succeedid 
LeRoy  as  master.  Among  the  jiassengers  was  Henry  W.  Corbett  of  Portland.  The  Cohiinbia  was  owned  l.v 
Holland  &  Aspinwall,  and  made  monthly  trips.  The  sieainer  Goliah,'  whicli  still  bids  defiance  to  old  Father  Tinu , 
also  made  a  few  voyages  between  vSan  Franci.sco  and  Portland  in  command  of  Capt.  George  Flavel.  In  April  of 
this  year  she  left  Astoria  with  the  new  steamer  /.('/  M'liilcoiiib  side 

by  side,  and  raced  all  the  way  to  Portland,  the /.('/ //'///Ai'wA  beating  ■  -     1 

the  (ioliah  twenty-five  minntes.     The  steamship  Sea  Gull,  CaiHain  ,     1 

Tichnor,  was  making  two  trips  a  month  between  Portland  and  San 
Francisco,  calling  at  Port  Orford,  Trinidad  and  Humboldt  each  way. 
She  went  on  the  route  in  the  summer,  and  ran  with  more  or  le.ss 
regularity  until  the  following  year,  when  she  was  lost  on  the 
California  coast. 

The  commercial  possibilities  of  Puget  Sound  were  recogiiized 
at  this  period  by  the  establishment  of  a  port  of  entry  at  Olympia, 
and  S.  P.  Moses  was  ap])ointed  collector  in  February,  i,S5i.  Busi- 
ness was  not  very  acti\-e,  however,  and  his  first  clearance  was 
reported  November  19th.  when  the  brig  (iicrgc  I'.iiuiy,  Capt.  ImiocIi 
Fowler,  took  out  a  coasting  licen.se  ;  and  the  same  day  the  schooner 
Exact,  Captain  F'olger.  cleared  for  the  Queen  Charlotte  gold  fields. 
The  Hxaii  arrived  at  Alki  Point  the  week  previous  with  tlie 
founders  of  Seattle,  A.  A.  Denny,  J.  X.  Low,  C.  I).  Boran,  W.  N. 
Bell  and  their  families,  and  Charles  O.  Terry,  among  her  passengers, 
''^he  Government  survey  schooner  /Ui'iiii;  spent  some  time  on  Puget 
Sound,  and  the  brigs  U'til/iiffs/']\  Jaiiits  Marshall  and  Leonora 
arrived  in  the  fall,  the  latter,  under  command  of  Capt.  Daniel 
Howard,  coming  to  Alki  Point  shortly  after  the  advent  of  the  Jixad. 
She  .secured  a  cargo  of  piles  at  this  point  and  departed  in  December. 

Several  vessels  arrived  in  the  Columbia  from  the  ICastern  coast  this  ycrr,  among  them  the  bark  l-'.li~abilh 
Allen,  208   days   from    New  York  ;  the   bark   Francis  and  l.onise.    262    tons.  Seth    Mayo,  master,  with    general 


WK.I-IA.M   J.    IlKVAN  , 

iliKiiieer  Steaiuslii])  "Coliiiiiliin  ' 


"William  J.  Bry.nu  wa.s  born  in  Massiu'luisetla  in  1H26,  anil  servoil  his  apprL-ntii-eslii])  as  fiiKiiifor  in  liosUin.  Ilis  first 
experience  afloat  was  on  steamers  ninnin);  to  tile  West  Indies,  and  in  1.S49  lie  left  New  York  on  a  sailiiif;  vessel  lionnil  for  California. 
}Ie  strnck  out  for  tile  gold-fields  soon  after  liis  arriv.d  on  tile  Coast,  lint  met  wiili  siicli  imlilferenl  success  that  he  soon  ahandoneil  his 
.search  for  the  precious  metal  and  found  cinployiiient  ill  fitting  n]i  the  steamer  Xorlli  Slor,  on  which  he  .served  .is  engineer  lietwein 
.Sail  Francisco  and  .Mviso.  From  here  he  went  to  the  Colniiihiii  for  a  short  time  as  first  assistant  with  Chief  Ivntjiuee  I'Vencli  ami 
subse(|iiently  took  charge,  one  of  his  assistants  lieiiig  John  .Nation,  afierwanl  well  known  in  the  Northwest  and  at  present  livii)>; 
in  .Australia.  Mr.  Hryan  continued  running  north  in  the  employ  of  the  I'acific  JIail  .Steamship  Com))any  until  1.S51);  and,  with  llic 
exceiilioii  of  a  few  trips  made  for  the  .same  company  on  the  Panama  route,  he  spent  the  greater  jjart  of  his  time  on  the  steamship 
Coliiiiihia,  .\fter  leaving  the  ocean  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  IloUailay  line,  remaining  in  that  cniplovment  for  (we 
years,  anil  suhseipiently  took  a  .-.iinilar  position  with  the  Occidental  iV  ( Irieutal  Steamship  Company,  which  he  occupied  for  twelve 
yeans,  and  has  since  lived  ijuietly  in  San  Francisco,  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  many  years  in  the  marine  service. 

■'The  steamer  (ioliiili,  which  for  nearly  half  a  century  divided  honors  with  the  lletroer  in  point  of  .age  and  general  utilitv,  w,is 
the  second  luglioat  hnilt  in  the  rnitcd  States.      In   iS.lS  Vanderbilt  was  doing  a  profitable  business  with  some  wornoiit  steamers 

lowing   sailing   vessels   in    and    out    of  tlie 

,_. _.  .     „  .,  harbor  of  New  York:  and  W.  II.  Webb,  nli 

I  .serving  that  they  lost  a  great    many   ships 

'  through  deficient  power,  concluded  to  cmi- 

strucl  a  boat  exclusi\'el\  for  towing.  The 
.  l/tt-V  was  built  first,  followed  bv  the  "ever- 
lasting" (/o/iii/i.  On  her  completion  slic 
was  sold  by  Webb  to  parties  who  intemlcil 
her  for  the  .Sacramento  River  trade.  The 
new  owners  hec.nne  involved  fiuancialh-,  .■im! 
the  (I'olitih  w.is  jiut  in  charge  of  the  marslnl, 
who  awoke  one  morning  to  fiud  himself  "ii 
llie  way  to  California.  The  steamer  h  ul 
slippe  I  away  without  any  coal,  and  li\  :i 
scratch  managed  to  reach  St.  Thomas,  wluri- 
she  secured  fuel  .and  provisions.  On  <arri^al 
at  San  iMancisco  she  was  lengthened  mul 
ran  as  a  ])assenger  boat  on  the  S.acrame'tln 
under  the  name  of  Defender.  She  was  scon 
bought  otTby  the  conibin.ation  and  was  llicii 
placed  fni  the  ocean  routes.  F'lavel  ran  \\v\ 
up  north,  and  she  was  afterward  oil  itu' 
southeri!  route  in  conimand  of  Capt.  Ro'  iTl 
Haley,  rescuing  the  iiassengers  of  the  sle^iii- 
ship  Yankee  lUade  in  the  spring  of  i^>|. 
which  vessel  w.is  wrecked  off  I'oiiit  Conu  p- 
cion  on  the  first  trip  after  coming  ■  at. 
She  was  subseiiiieiitly  shortened,  and  ran  for  ni.inv  \  e.ars  as  a  towboat  in  .San  I'ranciscf)  harbor,  finally  passing  into  the  hands  of  'lie 
Wrights,  who  again  lengtheiied  her  and  jilaced  her  011  the  IlumboliU  route.  .After  a  short  time  in  this  service  she  was  abandoned  nil 
laid  over  on  the  Mission  flats  until  i.S()4,  when  C.apt.ain  (ii-iffilhs  fixed  her  up  as  .1  towboat  once  more.  She  was  bought  by  Fop  ■  v^ 
Talbot  in  1S71,  and  arrived  at  Fort  (Vamble  March  22d  of  that  year  in  charge  of  Capt.  William  Ilayden,  who  ran  her  for  a  while  inl 
was  succeeded  by  Ca]>(aiu  Noves  and  Capt.  J.  .\.  McCoy,  who  in  turn  gave  w.ay  to  Capt.  S.  I>.  I.ibby,  who  remained  in  comni  ml 
for  twelve  years.     F'roni  the  time  of  her  arrival  011  the  Sound  until  the  tug  Taeoina  appeared,  the  Goliali  towed  more  than  li.alf  of  lie 


Stkasikr  "Goi.iAir" 
From  n  late  photo^ftaph 


■■'■ItK. 


Dall  succeediil 
ivas  owned  liy 
:1  Father  Tinii.-, 
1.     In  April  of 


lilinbia  " 

;  bark  l-.li-aklh 
r,  with    general 

[iosloii.  His  first 
1  for  California. 
I  abandoned  his 
ii^ineer  liL'twt't-ii 
Fri'iu'li  ami 
It  iircsi'iit  living 
anil,  with  tlie 
n  llie  steamship 
ploytnent  for  five 
n])ied  for  twelvo 

■neral  ntilily,  was 

wornont  sleanit-rs 

anil    out   of  the 

W.  II,  \Vul)h,  nh 

;reat   many   sliijis 

>nclnileil  to  con- 

for  lowitij^.      'flic 

fell  liy  llie  "  ever- 

ompletion  slii' 

ifs  wlio  inleii'lcii 

:iver  traile.      Tlie 

_il  fiiianeially.  ami 

)i}^  of  llie  marsh  i!, 

I)  fiiiil  himself  "ii 

The  steamer  li'i'l 

coal,   anil    In   a 

•t.  Tliiimas,  wliirt 

iioiis.     On  arrival 

leiiK'theneil   ;inil 

the  Sacrament" 

'■.     She  was  soon 

ion  and  was  then 

I'lavel  ran  her 

ifterwaril    on    :lie 

il  of  Capt.  Ro'  iTt 

j^ers  of  the  ste  ■ai- 

.    spring  of   1^51. 

olT  Point  Com.  |i- 

"ler   coming  i  at. 

the  haiiils  of  lie 

IS  alianiloneil    ml 

onulit  liy  I'op'  ^ 

jr  for  a  while  .ml 

iieil  in  coiuni  ml 

e  than  half  of  lie 


fte 


S/eam  Naviyation  on  Uppvr  Willanifttt',  Rapid  Growth  of  Rivur  Business 


27 


merchandise  from  New  York  ;  the  /'.  Pfiidlilon,  Samuel  Curti.s,  ma.ster,  from  New  York,  with  coal  and 
merchandise  :  the  brig  Kcin'frer,  the  schooner  /.  A'.  W'/iiliiii;,  and  the  Coldiii  ■  l,i;i\  .^ro  tons,  Ivphraim  Richard.son, 
master,  from  New  York.  The  bark  Oii-  arrived  from  Uoston  May  ,V)th,  with  a  cargo  of  general  merchandise  for 
Portland.  Her  rigging  was  badly  shaken  np  owing  to  heavy  gales,  and  her  captain,  Josiah  B.  Hntchins, 
immediately  filed  an  extended  protest  with  Notary  Yan  Dnsen.  Another  ve.s.sel  which  encountered  ditl'iculties 
and  took  the  same  action  was  the  bark  Jumes  II'.  /'(ii;i\  Capt.  Oliver  I<.  Ber.se,  which,  while  on  a  trip  from 
Milton,  Or.,  to  San  I'Vancisco,  June  aytli,  struck  on  a  bar.  where  she  lost  a  portion  of  her  shoe.  The  brig 
A  Ilia -.oil,  the  first  vessel  to  come  to  Portland  from  the  Orient,  arrived  from  Whampoa,  China. 

The  Astorians  began  to  look  after  the  coasting  trade  in  1851,  and  in  the  fall  built  the  sloop  AV/Ajwtii'/'. 
She  was  owned  by  Samuel  Howard,  her  master,  Olied  Thomas,  James  Trask  and  J.  \V.  Alderman.  She  registered 
but  ten  tons,  and  yet  did  a  thriving  business  between  Tillamook,  Shoalwater  Bay  and  Astoria.  The  bark  (ieoigc 
and  Mai  Ilia,  an  arrival  of  the  year  previous,  was  sold  July  25th  by  the  United  State  Marshal.  Joe  Meek,  to 
William  H.  Meloy,  for  52.025.  The  brig  l-.iiiily  Pirsloii  was  also  sold  by  Richanl  P.  Buck  to  John  S.  Sluimaii 
for  $5,100;  antl  BLiijamin  Stark's  bark  .Inn  .S'w///;,  registering  2i.|  tons,  which  Capt.  George  H.  Flanders 
brought  out  the  year  liefore.  was  disposed  of  tc  H'illiani  Iv.  Molthrop.  The  bark  neidtiuoiia.  Capt.  Henry  Farley, 
was  transferred  August  9th  to  Thomas  Smith  by  George  Abeniethy  i\:  Co. 

Among  tlie  vessels  visiting  Shoalwater  Bay    were  the  brig  Oiiadialiis.  Captain  Menes,  which  entered  by 
mistake,  and  the  schooner  Sea  Sfr/iciit.  Captain  Miller,  which  went  in  after  a  cargo  o(  oysters.     Numerous  vessels 
engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  tliis  year,  among  the  best  known  being  the  bark  l.ainannc.  Captain  Stansbury,  and 
the  ;ichooners  I  'lania  and  Francis  I IcUn.     On  Puget  Sound  two  vessels, 
the  f/(i":i,'/i"/(' "' and  tile  brigantine  ^ •'«(»."  were  wrecked.  j 

Steam  tonnage  did  not  increase  to  any  great  extent  during  the 


year  1.S5J 


To  the  tipper  Willamette  fieet  was  added  tiie  steamer  Oirgon. 


a  litlle  sidewiieeler.  liuilt  at  h'airfield  by  a  company  at  the  head  of  which 

was  Benjamin  Simp.son.     Tlie  Oiri;oii  was  a  very  poor  investment,  and  a 

source  of  considerable  loss  to  her  proprietors.     I'oUowing  her  came  the 

Slioahialrr.  the  sixtli   steamer  on   the  upper  Willamette,   a  small  craft 

fitted  with  two  geared  engines,  and  designed  to  run  when  all  other  boats 

were  compelled  to  lay  U])  for  lack  of  water  on  the  bars.     She  was  owned 

by  Capt.  Leonard  Wliite  and  others,  but  proving  unprofitable  was  sold 

to  the  late  Ji'dge  McCarver  of  Taconia.      In  the  spring  of  1S54,  while 

making  a  laiuling  below  Rock  Island,  the  steam  ran  up  too  fast,  causing 

a  flue  to  collap.se.      Several   persons   received   injuries,  none  of  which. 

however,  resulted  .seriously.     The  accident  prov,  d  .so  expensive  that  she 

again   changed  ownership  and   iiaiiie,    havii'g   been   called  successively 

during  her  career,  /'r ///i  1  the  owners'  method  of  spelling  Pluunixi.  then 

I'lankliii.  and.  as  ill  luck  still  pursued  her.  she  was  finally  lengthened 

and  re  eiied  the  .Hiniiic  Holmes,  in  honor  of  a  young  lady  of  Oregon 

City,  will)  afterward  became  the  wife  of  Dan  O'Neil,  the  veteran  purser. 

Tlie  steamer  still  proved  unremunerative,  and  in   1.S58  her  owners  sold 

her  to  li.  N.  l)u  Rell,  by  whom  she  was  taken  to  Saleiii  and  fitted  up  as 

a  lloating  sawmill.     The  machinery  was  subsequently  removed  and  permanently  located  on  the  bunk  of  the  river, 

wliere  it  was  used  in  the  maiuifacttire  of  lumlier  until  isr,o,  at  which  time  the  mil!  was  destroyed  by  fire.     Among 

tlie  crew  of  tlie  ttiilncky  steamer  during  herearly  career  was  Joseph  Buclitel,''  at  present  chief  of  the  Portland  fire 

department,  who  was  serving  as  purser  at  the  lime  of  the  boiler  explosion  at  Rock  Island. 


C.MT.  J.  M.  Oilman 


vessels  that  eiitereil  the  straits  for  .Naiiaiino,  anil  nearly  all  of  lliose  houn.l  for  the  .Vmerican  side.  In  1S77  she  was  extensively 
repaired,  and  a  new  holler  provided,  which  cost  nearly  ifis.cxM,  its  diinensioiis  hciiiK,  width,  fourteen  and  one-half  feet  leiiL'tli' 
seventeen  feet,  diam.ter,  twelve  teet.  .\fter  Captain  I.ihhy  left  her  she  was  laid  up  at  I'orl  I.udlow  for  four  years.  Cant  ''Villiani 
Sel  iv  then  ran  lur  lor  a  year  and  a  hall,  and  PM.  Clements  took  charge  of  her  for  a  sliort  ,'ie.  He  was  succeeded  hv  Cam'  William 
Wilhanison,  who  continued  111  coinmuid  lor  six  years,  until  Jnl>  27,  iSi)),  when  she  was  ai;ain  laid  np  at  Port  I.udlow  Her  hull 
iielow  tlie  water  line  is  still  111  excellent  condition,  and  with  repairs  to  her  machinery  she  would  probably  outlast  the  lUifn-  which 
was  lifty-three  years  old  when  she  met  her  fate.  Since  the  loss  of  liat  venerable  claft.  the  Coliah  eiijovs  the  distinction  of  beiiu' 
the  oldest  ^tealli  vessel  alloat  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  '  ^ 

"'The  schooner  (:,-oixi„ii„.  Captain  Rowland,  while  ,11  loiilc  from  Steilacoom  to  the  Kold  I'leld.s,  anchored  one  iii.dit  in 
Ski.leKateCh.mne  ,  UneeiiLharlotte-s  Islands,  and  was  driven  ashore  by  a  gale.  Her  crew  of  five  men  .and  twenty-two  iiasseuL'ers 
were  captured  and  made  slaves  by  the  Ilydall  Indians,  who  kept  them  111  bondaKe  for  seven  weeks  before  they  were  finally  rescued 
by  the  schooner  Pniian-.  Co:;;  Captain  Ikilch.  The  <,;-oixi.i:i,rs  passen.uers  inclmled  .A.  .SarL'ent,  S.  I),  ilowe  K  N 'Sari'dit 
Ambrose  Jewell.  L  1  oles  Weed.  Daniel  Show.  Sunmel  H.  Willi.uns.  [ames  Mc.Uister.  loliu  Thornton,  Charles  Hendricks' 
(.ei>r,s,'e  .\.  Paine,  lohn  Reinley.  Jesse  Ferguson,  I.  Co'  ' ■       •■  .h-iiiihk>,. 


S.  S.  h'ord,  Jr.,  J.  M.  Ilr 


and  J.  Siedner;  mate  I 


•  Ja 


sell. 


The  briijantine  (7ii,i.  one  of  the  Hudson's  1! 


liincau  McI'Aven.  and  >.iilors  Meiijamin  and  Richard  Cibl 


ideon,  CeorKe  Monre.  li.  I".  McDonald, 


ooiicr />,'"(i7;/,«  ( ■|>.-v,  which  had  previously  rescued  the  crew  and 
h1,  althoui^h  the  vessel  was  a  total  loss. 


ly  co.istin.,'  vessels,  »,is  druen  ashore  near  Cape  I'lattery.     P'ortunatelv  the 


Iiasseiigers  of  the  (,'ro>x  iiiiiii,  was  near  ai  hand. 


III  all' 


I  full 


Jose]ili  Hiichtel,  chief  engineer  of  the  Portland  fire  departii 


ll'i//. 


owed  ste. mil 


atiiiK  only  a  short  time  in  the  early  fiftii 


partment.    was  born  in  I'niontown,  ().,  November  22,    iK 


iiiii//,'.  Oiiit-uid/i  and  others.     lie  was  stew 


1;  been  at  that  period  connected  with  the  steamers  S/io,i/; 


I  tune  of  the  explosion. 


ird  on  the  U'illaiiiitl,-  when  she  was  lying  alongsiih  the  unfortunate  ( 


He 

af,-i: 


file  at  the 


ll 


I'll 
ii 


3? 


Lvivis  (f  Drydens  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


A  small  iron  propeller  called  the  fiaglc"  ran  between  Portland  and  Oregon  City  in  i8,s2  in  command  of 
Capt.  W.  H.  Wells"  and  Capt.  Richard  Williams,''  who  coined  money  with  her,  carrying  passengers  between  tlic 
two  cities  at  the  rate  of  $5  a  head.     In  the  fall  of  the  year  the  /:«!,>/<•  met  with  some  opposition  from  the  littk- 

propeller  .//^«,"' owned  by  Allan,  McKinley  &  Company,  old  Hudson's  Hay  men, 

then  in  business  at  Oregon  City.     The  .Ulan  was  about  the  same  size  as  the  /-Mgle, 

but  hardly  as  fast  a  steamer,  and  was  used  more  for  towing  and  freighting  than  for 

>|M^  passenger  service.    Abernethy  &  Clark  also  had  a  small  propeller,  the  Major  Riddiiii;, 

^^BB  which  J.  M.  Gilman''  had  l)rought  up  from  California.     She  was  used  for  jobbing 

^M  ^— fc  and  towing  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia. 

^fj.   ^■^^W  The  steamship  Columbia  contiiuied  on  the  ocean  route  between  the  Columbia 

^jtj^^m  River  and  ,San  Franci.sco,  with  Capt.  William  Dall,  master,   Peter  Mackie,"  malf^ 

^^^^f^  Edwin  Cox,'" engineer.  Burns,  purser,  and  Joseph  Durbron,  agent  at  Portland.     The 

^^^^^^^^^^^^  fare  was  $75  for  cabin  pa.ssage,  and  j|!45  in  the  steerage.     The  steamships  (ieinrnl 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^  U'anrii  and  Sra  (in//  were  also  in  tlie  Oregon  trade  until  they  were  lost  early  in  the 

^^^^H     ^^IRF         yt^ar,  and   the  steam.ships  I'nmoiit  and  Is/It iinis  made  several   trips  in   the  same 

'■'Tile  steamer  /i(i);lt\  or,  as  she  was  always  called,  the  l.itllc  /uigli\  was  all  iron  propclltr 

of  about  ten  Ions  hurden  hronght  up  from  San  I-'rancisco  by  Capt.  William  Irving.    .Xfler  Williams 

&  Wells  (lisposetl  of  her  she  was  used  principally  in  towing;,  althonj^h  as  late  as  in  1S62  she  carried 

Cait.  w.  I).  WKi.is  pasBenxers  on  the  Cascade  route,  taking  the  i)lace  of  the  steamer  .)fiin<i.     In  iSfi.s  she  was  sold 

toTackabcrry  S:  Ham,  coiitinuiiiK  in  the  towing  business  until   1S71,  when  John  West  purchased 

her,  removed  the  enj,'iues,  and  placeil  them   in  the  sieainer  June  litest.     Anions  the  lirst  engineers  on  the  boat  was  Martin  Hulgcr, 

for  a  long  time  Superintending  EuKineer  of  the  I'acific  Mail.     Her  last  captains  before  she  was  dismantled  were  J.  N.  Fisher  and 

Fred  CoiiKilon. 

"Capt.  W   B.  Wells,  who  was  associated  with  Williams  in  building  the  steamer  /}elle,  had  but  a  short  career  on  the  river, 

although  his  name  is  inseparably  linked  with  the  early  history  of  steamboating  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia.     In  addition  to  the 

steamers  llfllf,  Maiy  and  Eagle,  in  which  he  was  a  partner  with  Capt,  Richard  Williams,  he 

bought  an  interest  with  Captain  Hoyl  ill  the  wrecktil  C-aztile,  which  was  renamed  the  Siiiorila,        ^■ 

and  was  also  a  part  owner  with  Hoyt  in  the  steamer  /ili:a  Anderson,  with  which  he  went  to  the       ; 

Sound  in  1S59.     .\fter  his  return  to  the  Columbia  he  moved  to  Shoalwater  Hay,  taking  up  a  claim 

there,  and  carrying  the  mail  between  Oysterville  and  lirnceport  in  a  plunger.     While  making 

a  trip  in  hebniarv,   186,^,  the  sloop  was  capsized  in  a  squall,  and  he  was  drowned.     I'ew  of  his 

old  associates  are  now  living,  but  all  who  remember  him  speak  in  the  highest  terms  of  his  merits 

as  a  steamboat  man. 

'■'Capt.  Richar<l  Williams  was  born  in  the  Canary  Islands,  and  his  early  life  was  spent 

sailing  out  of  New  York,  lioston,  and  Portland,  Me.     He  first  arrived  on  the  I'acific  Coa.st  in  the 

spring  of  i.Sso,  going  to  Sacramento,  Cal.,  where  he  took  charge  of  a  ship  which  had  been  deserted 

by  the  crew  in  their  anxiety   lo  reach   the  gold  mines,  and  ran  it  as  a  lloating  hotel,  doing  a 

profitable  business  for  about  six  months.     He  then  went  to  the  mines,  and  on  his  return  to  .San 

Francisco  three  months  later  met  Capt.  William  Irving,  with  whom  he  had  sailed  out  of  New 

York.     With  Captain  Irving  he  made  a  trip  to  Oregon,  both  reluming  to  , San  Francisco  subse- 
quently with  the  Siiiitss,  and  together  they  purchased  the  steamer  JCagle,   just   arrived   from 

I'hiladeliihia.     Captain  Williams  ran  the  Hag/e  in  the  Oregon  City  trade  for  three  years,  and  then 

sold  her  to  William  I.atimer,  who  used  her  on  the  Vancouver  route.     In   1853,  with  W.  B.  Welis, 

he  built  the  llelle,  which  they  ran  for  a  short  time  to  Oregon  City,  and  afterward  to  the  Cascades, 

until  the  organization  of  the'  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company.     With  Hr.idford  and  Wells  he 

constructed  the  /l/ij»  1  at  the  upper  Cascades,  operating  her  in  connection  with  the  /ie/le.     When 

the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  incorporated.  Captain  Williams  was  given  stock  in  the 

cor])oralion   for  his  intircst  in  the  steamers  lle/le,  Mary  and  Seiiori/a.     He  sold  his  shares  at  the 

same  time  that  Jacob  Kaiiiin  and  several  of  his  associates  withdrew  from  the  company.     In  the 

early  days  of  his  steamboat  career  he  composed  the  entire  crew  of  the  /{ag/e,     fireman,  engineer  and  captain,  and  the  craft  made 

more  money  than  inaiiv  of  the  larger  boats  with  larger  crews  have  in  later  days.     Captain  Williams  retired  from  the  marine  business 

twenty  years  ago,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Iv  1st  Portland  and  president  of  the  First  National  Hank. 

"  The  steamer  A/Ian  was  brought  around  from  New  York  011  a  sailing  vessel,  and  received 
her  name  from  her  managing  owner.  She  was  used  chiefly  in  the  towing  and  jobbing  trade 
In  1853  she  was  taken  almve  the  Cascades,  and  continued  running  there  until  1856.  She  was 
comiiianded  at  this  time  by  Capt.  Thomas  Gladwell,  who  was  afterward  lost  on  the  steamship 
iXortlierner. 

"Capt.  James  M.  Gilman  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1826.  .\fter  learning  the 
machinist's  trade  he  embarked  from  Boston  with  one  hundred  other  young  men  in  the  bark 
Leonora  for  the  California  gold  mines,  which  he  finally  reached,  but  soon  returned  to  San  I'ran- 
Cisco  and  found  work  on  the  steamer  i'dw  Joaquin  as  engineer  Shortly  afterward  he  bought  an 
interest  in  a  towboat,  but  sold  out  to  go  to  Oregon  with  the  steamer  Major  l^edding.  When  lie 
arrived  on  the  Columbia  he  left  the  Redding,  expecting  to  return  to  .San  l''rancisco,  but  afler 
waiting  a  short  time  engaged  as  engineer  on  the  Multnomah,  and  f.oiii  her  went  to  the  Bel'c. 
When  Kainm  and  Ainswortli  were  building  the  Carrie  Ladd^  tiilman  was  taken  in  as  a  partner 
and  remained  with  them  several  years,  reaping  a  share  of  the  profits  accruing  to  that  snccesslul 
venture.  He  retired  from  the  water  many  years  ago,  after  building  up  a  substantial  fortune, 
and  died  in  I'ortlanil,  July  19,  1891. 

'"  Capt.  Peter  Mackie,  who  spent  nearly  forty  years  in  the  Northern  trade,  was  born  in 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1821,  and  re.iched  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1838  on  a  sailing  vessel,  but  >lid 
not  remain.  He  continued  in  the  deep-water  service  until  the  latter  part  of  the  forties,  when 
he  again  went  to  California,  and  in  1851  began  running  North  with  Captain  Dall,  serving  wilb 

:;  him  several  years  as  first  olficer;  after  which  he  was  occa.sioually  in  comiiiaud  of  extra  steamships. 

•"'  During  the  IloUaday  regime  he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy,  and  from  that  jieriod  until  1887  he 

c.ii'r.  I'KTKK  Mackii:  was  ill  the  Northern  trade  most  of  the  time,  his  last  charge  having  been  the  Cily  0/  C/iesirr. 

He  died  in  San  Francisco  in  October,  1894. 
"  Hdwin  Cox  was  born  in   Durham,  N.  II.     He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in   1849,  and  served  as  first  assistant  engineer  on 

various  Sacramento  River  steamers.     He  subsequently  held  this  position  on  the  steamships  Co/H»«A(<r  and  O/r^'DH  running  Noiih, 

and  later  bec.ime  chief,  in  which  capacity  be  afterward  accepted  employment  on  the  steamship  .Santa  Cruz.     After  leaving  the 

Northern  route  be  followed  his  vocation  for  several  years  on  the  San  Francisco  ferry-boats.     He  went  to  China  as  chief  ou    he 

steamer  .Suipyise  upon  her  return  from  the  Fraser  River,  and  soon  after  quitting  this  service  retired  from  the  water  and  enganed 

in  mining  in  California  until  his  death  in  1865, 


Cait.  Kichako  Williams 


If 


Steam  Navlyaiior  on  Upper  Willamette,  Rapid  Growth  of  River  Business 


39 


I  coinmaiul  of 
s  between  the 
from  the  little 
oil's  Hay  men, 
;  as  the  Eagle, 
htiiig  than  for 
'4i>jor  A'li/iiiiig. 
;d  for  jobbing 

the  Cohimbia 
Jackie,"  mate^ 
'ortland.  The 
iships  (ieiicntl 
pst  early  in  the 
>  in   the  same 

iUi  irim  propeller 
After  Williams 
1H62  she  carrieil 
i,S6,s  she  was  solil 
West  purchased 
s  Martin  Bulger, 
J.  N.  Pislier  and 

!er  oil  the  river, 
[11  addiliou  to  the 


kRIi    WU.LIAMS 

llie  craft  made 
marine  Imsiness 

sel,  and  received 
jobhing  trade 
1.H56.     She  was 

111  the  steamship 

,er  learning  the 
len  in  the  hark 
led  to  San  Trail- 
ni  he  Imuglit  .111 
'ing.  When  he 
iicisco,  hut  after 
eiit  to  the  Bfl'f. 
in  as  a  partner 
that  successful 
^taiitial  fortune, 

de,  was  horn  in 
g  vessel,  hut  did 
le  forties,  when 
ill,  serving  with 
[tra  steamships. 
od  until  1887  lit 
Ci/y  0/  C/ii-i!-r 

ant  engineer  on 
running  Noiih, 
fter  leaving  ;he 
as  chief  on  he 
ter  and  engaKeJ 


1 


■■'3 


Mahtin  Bn.r.icH 
Kngineer  Steiiiiier  "  Multnoiitali ' 


traffic.     The  steamer  U'i//tinif//t\  which  had  come  out  from  the  Kast  the  year  before,  was  bought  by  the  Pacific 

Mail  Steamship  C()mi)aiiy  and  taken  to  .San  Hraiicisco. 

The  /aiiirs  P.  I'liul,  sunk  near  Cape  Horn  in  1851,  was  raised  and  put  in  running  order,  but  unfortunately 

met  with  a  sad  accident  in  March,  when  a  bolt  in  the  boiler  gave  way  and  the  engineer,  John  Dennis,  was  so 

terribly  scalded  that  he  died  within  a  few  hours.     The  steamer  Washington  was  sold  in  June  by  Captain  Murray 

to  Allan,  McKinley  &  Company  for  53,000,  and  the  pioneer  steam- 
boats Columbia,  lilackliawk  and  Major  Redding  were  dismantled. 
The  Midlnomali,  Hoyt,  master,  and  Bulger,'"  engineer,  and  the  Lot 
W'hitcomb,  Ainsworth,  captain,  and  Hall,  pilot,"  were  still  on  the 
Astoria  route,  the  latter  having  her  I'ortland  landing  at  the  foot  of 
Washington  Street,  where  George  W.  Hoyt,'  the  agent,  had  his 
office.  The  surveying  schooner  lialtimon,  Cajitain  Roberts,  spent 
several  weeks  in  the  Columbia  during  the  summer,  and  the  Louisiana 
sailed  on  her  .second  trip  with  Oregon  produce  for  China.  About 
this  time  a  strong  effort  was  made  to  establish  the  metro|)()lis  of  the 
Northwest  at  St.  Helens,  anil  for  several  months  the  maritime  com- 
merce at  that  point  was  of  considerable  importance.  During  the 
six  months  ending  July  1st,  nine  brigs,  four  barks,  three  shi])s  and 
two  .schooners  loaded  there,  while  the  steamships  L'limont  and 
Columbia  made  nine  round  trips  between  that  point  and  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  bark  Trenton  created  a  record  for  long  v'oyages  between 
San  h'raiicisco  and  Astoria,  consuming  fifty-.seven  days  in  making 
the  trip. 

At  vShoalwater  Bay  the  oyster  industry  furnished  btisine.ss 
for  several  small  coasters.  The  .schooner  Loo  Choo,  Captain  Nel.son, 
made  six  trips  from  the  bay  to  San  Francisco,  carrying  away  8,325 
baskets  of  oysters  ;  the  schooner  .SV(/  Serfxnt,  Captain  Miller,  five 
trips,  aggregating  5.600  baskets  ;  the  schooner  A'ia/to,  Captain  Ber.se. 
two  trips,  taking  2,500  baskets  ;    the  schooners  Columbia,  Captain 

Phillips,  and   Tarlcton.  Captain  Morgan,   made   one    trip  each,  carrying  600  and  400  baskets  respectively  ;    the 

brig  Sophia.  Captain   Bond,  loaded   1,5a:)  piles  in  the  bay,  and  the  brig  Oriental.  Captain  Hill,   took  500  piles 

and  a  (luatitity  of  oysters.     A  small  schooner  called  the  Rramble,  and  the  Mary   Taylor."  were  al.so  engaged  in 

the  oyster  traffic.       In    the   fall   of  i,S52   the  first  survey  of  Shoalwater  Bay  was  made  by  the  I'nited   States 

steamship  Aetive  (old  steamshii)  Coldhunter),  Captain  Alden. 

The  number  of  sailing  vessels  in  the  coasting  trade  was  much  larger  than  during  the  preceding  year.     Plying 

between  Puget  Sound  points,  Portland  and  San  Francisco,  were  the  brigs /y//«  Davis,  Captain  Plummer.  Franklin 

Adams.  Capt.  L.  M.  Felker,  Geo.  IV.  Emery.  Jane.  G.  11 '.  Kendall,  the  Daniel. 

Lionosa.  and  the  schooners  Cynosure.  Capt.  E.  S.  F''owler,  Exaet.  T>emaris  Core. 

.Susan  Sturgis.   .Hire.   Erankliii.    Mexiran  and   Ceeil.        The    schooner    Mary 

•"  Martin  llulger.  who  was  oiil*  of  the  first  engineers  on  the  Mititnomalt.  was  horn 
in  New  York  in  1S29,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  ahoiit  the  time  of  the  California  gold 
exciteineiU.  lie  served  as  chief  engineer  on  nearly  all  of  the  pioneer  boats  on  the  Coluni- 
Ilia  and  Willamette  rivers,  and  also  worked  in  that  capacity  on  the  old  (•'oluib  and  other 
steamers  out  of  San  I-Vaiicisco.  He  was  in  the  eni]>loy  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship 
Company  for  many  years,  his  last  position  with  that  cfirporation  having  heen  that  of 
superiiitendiiig  engineer.  He  retired  from  the  service  a  few  years  ago  and  resides  in 
San  I'rancisco. 

•'  W.  H.  H.  Hal],  who  is  now  living  in  retirement  at  Chelsea,  Vt.,  came  to  Oregon 
as  supercargo  of  the  hark  /.oitisiitHa.  on  the  trip  that  brought  the  Lot  H^/iitconib^s  machin- 
ery. Jacob  Kaiiim,  J.  ().  Waterman,  and  W.  I>.  Carter,  were  jjassengers  on  the  same 
voyage,  the  latter  two  having  with  them  an  outfit  for  a  iiriiiting  oflice.  Mr.  Whitcomb 
engaged  Hall  to  assist  in  building  the  ste.'imer,  and  on  her  completion  he  was  appointed 
pilot,  remaining  with  her  nearly  all  of  the  lime  she  ran  on  the  river.  He  also  piloted 
on  the  steamer  Willamette,  and  was  for  a  short  time  captain  of  the  Juisliion,  and  afterward 
of  the  Iris. 

'■'George  W.  Hoyt.  who  was  associated  for  many  years  with  his  brother,  Capt. 
Richard  Hoyt,  in  the  steambo.it  business  on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers,  was  born 
in  .\lbaiiy,  N.  Y.,  in  1S2S,  and  arrived  in  California  in  1S51,  the  following  year  going  to 
Oregon,  where  he  coniiiieiice<l  steamboating  with  his  brother.  He  was  for  a  long  time 
agent  for  the  .Multtiomoh,  with  headriuarters  on  the  old  wharf-boat  moored  at  the  foot  of 
Washington  Street,  sliow-n  in  the  accompanying  illustration  of  the  steamer.  He  afterward 
]iurcliased  an  interest  in  the  steamer  li.rpress.  running  between  I'ortland  ami  Oregon  City. 
Soon  after  the  orgaiii/ation  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Comjiany,  he  entered  their 

employ,  remaining  with  them  aiirl  their  successors  for  nearly  thirty  years.     He  resigned  in  iS9<i  to  enjoy  a  well-earned  rest, 
died  September  9,  1892,  leaving  a  wide  circle  of  friends,  by  whom  he  was  respected  and  admired  for  his  many  kindly  (jualities. 

•'Mark  L,  Wiiianl,  who  with  his  father  and  brother  was  running  the  Mary  'Taylor  on  Shoalwater  Bay  in  the  oyster  trade 
during  this  year,  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  1S25  and  came  to  San  I'Vaiicisco  in  1S49.  He  served  on  the  Sacramento  River  in 
1S50  and  remained  there  until  i,S52,  when  he  went  to  Shoalwater  Bay  and  followed  the  oyster  business  until  1882.  subsecjuently 
removing  to  Yaquina,  where  he  has  since  resiiled. 


l-;i'WIN  Cnx 


He 


m 


40 


Lewis  cf  Dryilen's  Mnrinu  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


M  ,f 


'Jay/or,  which  had  l)een  in  use  as  a  pilot  boat  on  the  bar.  left  tlie  Columbia  to  trade  on  I'UKet  Sound,  talcing; 
with  her  I,.  H.  Ilastinjjs  and  F.  W.  I'ettigrove,  the  founders  of  Portland,  who  on  their  arrival  on  the  Sound  still 
further  perpetuated  their  names  by  starting  the  city  of  Port  Townsend.  The  bark  Siinrss  was  ruiming  in  the 
coa.sting  trade  in  command  of  Captain  Coupe, 'who  owned  a  half  interest  in  the  vessel,  and  the  l)ark  lironlis 
carried  away  a  cargo  of  |)iles  from  Seattle.     Other  regular  traders  along  the  coast  were   the  brigs  Noiiptnril. 

Cvdops.  W'illiniiiiilii .  I'oloiiim'  ^w\  F.<ii;l<.    The  A't'/z/iinr// was  a  ven- 
I        erable  craft,  built  in  Yarmouth  in  |H,^2.     She  registered  134  tons  and 
'        was  eighty-two  feet  in  length,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  eight  feet 
de|>th  of  hold.     Ivarly  in  May  the  Poloiiiaf  grounded  while  passing  out 
of  the  mouth  of  the  river  with  a  cargo  of  lundier  for  .San  Franei.sco, 
jettisoned  her  deck  load,  and,  after  several  hours'  thumping,  worked 
back  to  Astoria,  where  a  survey  was  ordered,  the  result  of  which  was 
I        a  decision  that  the  expense  of  repairing  would  amoun'  to  more  than 
!        her  value,      A<ldison    Drinkwater  was  master  of  the  crafi,  and  the 
j        surveyors  were  Thomas  Croodwin.  shipwright,  William  H,  Meloy  and 
A.  Williams,  ship  masters.     The  brig  /I  'illimautic  also  had  an  interest- 
ing experience  this  year  while  in  loii/c  from  San  I-'rancisco  to  Astoria 
with  ballast  and  stores.     She  entered  (Iray's  Harbor  by  mistake,  and 
after  blowing  around  there  for  .several  days  finally  stranded,  but  was 
afterward    floated  without  serious  damage.      The    Cvclofis   narrowly 
escaped  going  ashore  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  in  Noveuiber,  and 
was  so  badly  shaken  up  that  it  was  necessary  to  transfer  a  portion  of 
her  deck  load  to  the  brig  l.ynt. 

In  the  fall  of  i.ss-'  a  party  of  .seventy  gold-hunters  bought  the 
brig  AV/i.'/c  in  Portland  and  sailed  for  (jueen  Charlotte's  Island  on  a 
orospecting  tour.  The  expedition  was  a  failure,  and  they  returned 
to  Olympia,  where  the  vessel  was  sold  at  a  sacrifice.  The  bark 
/h sdiinoiia,  A.  H.  Richardson,  master,  was  running  regularly  between 
Oak  Point  and  San  Francisco,  and  in  October  R.  R.  Thompson  and  S.  H.  Lyon  purchased  an  interest  in  the  bark 
AVti'  World,  2-.S  tons,  at  ,San  Francisco,  and  operated  her  in  the  CoUnubia  River  and  California  trade,  in  connnand 
of  Capt.  Charles  Gill,  who  also  owned  an  interest  in  her. 

There  was  little  change  in  marine  matters  in  Briti.sh  Columbia  at  this  period.  The  Hud.son's  Bay  Company 
received  the  usual  number  of  vessels  from  iMigland,  the  ship  Noniniii  Morrison  returning  with  several  pas.sengers, 
among  them  Capt.  John  Sabiston,'"  the  well  known  Briti.sh  Columbia  pilot,  and  Thomas  Flewin,  who  is  still  in 


CAI'T.  Oeokiik  W.  Hov 


!        i  I 

i    1 


■'Capl.  Tlioinas  Coupe  was  born  in  New  Hruiiswick  in  i.Si.S,  and  l)i'),'an  (;"i"K  '"'  "'"  when  lie  wa.s  Imt  twelve  years  old, 
rnnning  on  llie  .Vtlantic  Coast  until  the  early  fiCties,  when  he  eanie  around  to  the  racillo,  lie  arrived  on  Pn^et  Sound  in  I,S52  in  the 
bark  Sunrss.  of  which  he  was  half  owner,  and  took  up  n  320-acre  ilaini  on  Whiilby 
Island,  where  he  was  joined  by  his  family  the  followinn  year.  It  is  on  this  claim 
that  the  pie.seul  town  of  Coupeviile  stands.  While  in  the  coaslinn  trade  w  ith  the 
bark  Si/tress,  Captain  Coupe  sailed  the  vessel  np  through  Deception  Pass,  a  feat 
never  before  or  since  umlertaken  by  a  similar  vessel  without  the  aid  of  steam 
power,  lie  was  for  a  lonj;  time  sailing;  master  on  \\\v  Jiff  /hiiis,  the  first  revenue 
cutter  on  Tuj^et  Sound,  and  subseciuently  built  a  number  of  small  schooners 
which  he  operated  on  the  Soinid.  The  steamer  Sinti'ss  was  also  one  of  his 
ventures.  Toward  the  end  of  his  life  he  retired  to  his  farm  on  Whidby  Island, 
remainin){  there  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Decendier  27,  1S75. 

•'■' .Anions;  the  crew  of  the  roloiiiar,  which  was  trading  alonf;  the  coast 
during  if^.S2,  was  I.  \V.  Ciovc.  who  has  continued  in  this  bu-iness  for  over  forty 
years.  Cajitain  Ciove  was  born  in  Maine  in  iS,^2,  came  West  when  but  a  bt»y,  and 
ije^an  sailing  out  of  San  I'rancisco  on  the  l\>loinai\  from  which  he  went  to  the 
bark  Sont/i  il'ijut'ti,  ser\in^  as  mate  for  nearly  f(nir  \ears.  His  next  i)()siiion 
was  on  the  well-known  ohl-timer.  the  Xiihiinif:i  iii(,  the  first  vessel  owned  by  the 
Port  Illakeley  Mill  Compans-.  He  remained  on  her  several  years,  ami  left  to 
take  conimaiul  of  the  Oak  Hill,  Ko''iK  Ifmi  the  latter  to  the  bark  Sain/^son,  w  Inch 
had  been  reconstrucle<l  fr^m  an  old  gunboat  267  feet  in  length,  with  both  ends 
alike.  .After  two  years  on  the  Siinipsoti,  he  returned  to  the  (htk  Hill,  but  soon 
left  her  to  take  the  bark  A'.  A'.  //</(«,  with  which  he  nuule  over  one  hundred  Irijis 
between  .San  I'rancisco  ami  Puj.;e.  Somid.  finilin^  a  home  <in  her  for  over  twenty 
vears  before  ill  luck  finally  overl(."t-  I'-^r,  l^-aving  her  bones  on  I)unj.;eness  Spit 
in  1H9.1. 

-'Capt.  John  V .  Sabiston  was  born  in  the  Orkney  Islands  in  i.SiS.  and  after 
spending  his  early  life  sailinj^'  out  of  I-jiylish  and  Scottish  ptu'ts  arrived  in  Victori.-i 
in  1852  on  the  Hudson's  Hay  ship  Xotnutti  A/onisott,  and  soon  after  joined  the 
Ht'avt'f,  on  which  he  had  some  \'ery  racy  expi  riences  jis  sailing  master  with  Cap- 
tains Dodd  and  .Stewart.  He  left  the  Jiraiwr  at  P'orl  Simpson,  and,  as  Captam 
Dodd  would  not  nive  him  transportation  to  Victoria,  he  came  down  in  a  canoe, 
accomjianied  by  liis  family  and  attended  by  thirteen  canoe-loads  of  Indians. 
Tliev  liad  a  (lecide<lly  rou^h  trip,  ami  narrowly  escape<l  troid)le  with  the  Hella 
Bella  Indians.  Ciiptain  Sabiston  sid)se(piently  to(jk  charj^e  of  the  Hudson's  liay 
Company's  coal  mines  as  overground  mana(,'er,  and,  when  the  company  transferreil  their  iiiterer,t  to  the  Vancouver  Coal  Company, 
he  filled  the  same  position,  remaining  with  the  new  owners  until  1S67,  when  he  returned  to  his  old  callin;;  as  a  pilot,  under 
certificate  issued   in    1S5S.       His    first    work    after  leaving  the  coal  company  was  pilotinj;  the  steamship  Jiiliil  /..  Stefihens  frou 


Cai't.  W.  II.  H.  Hai.i, 

First  I'ilol  Steanu-r  "  Lot  Whitcoliib  " 

Hroni  iihotos  taken  at  I'ortliind,  Or.,  in  1S53,  and  at 

Chelsea,  Vt.,  ill  iS9^ 


5f 
& 


Stvam  Navigation  on  Upper  Willamatte,  Rapid  Growth  of  River  Business 


4X 


ouiul,  taking 
;  Souiul  still 
iiitiitiK  in  tliL' 
hark  JhviiUs 
;.s  A'oiiptireil, 
••il  was  a  veti- 
134  tons  and 
lid  eight  feel 
e  passing  out 
\n  I'rnncisco, 
ping,  worked 
)f  which  was 

0  more  than 
rai'i,  and  tliu 
{.  Meloy  and 
,d  an  interest- 
CO  to  Astoria 
mistake,  and 
ded,  but  was 
>f>s  narrowly 
iveuiher,  and 
r  a  portion  of 

i  bought  the 
s  Island  on  a 
hey  returned 
The  bark 
arly  between 
:  in  the  bark 
in  command 

lay  Company 

1  passengers, 
10  is  still  in 


Ive  years  old, 

I  ill  1S52  in  the 


I 


the  employ  of  the  company  at  Victoria.  The  schooner  Susan  S/iiri;is,  a  well  known  trader  along  the  coast 
of  Vancouver  Island,  was  soi/.ed  l)y  the  Iiulians.  Her  captain  and  Mr.  Robert  I.aiiig'' of  \'ictoriii  were  captured 
and  held  as  slaves  for  .several  weeks,  rmally  being  released  upon  iiaytnent  of  a  large  r.in.som  at  Fort  Rupert. 
Several  trading  vessels  were  cruising  along  the  coast  of  (jiieen  Charlotte's  and  \ancouver  islands,  most  of  them 
having  heaquarters  -n  San  Francisco,  the  famous  old  brig  /;/>/>  being  the  best  known  of  the  fleet.     The  brig 

Riroivry  participated  in  a  marine  event  of  much  importance  to  N'aii- 
;  I         couver   Island,  carrying  a  full  cargo  of  coal    from   Nanaimo  to  San 

Francisco.  The  /liavi-r.  which  was  paddling  around  the  waters  of  the 
Northwest,  years  before  customs  laws  were  in  vogue,  was  seized  during 
the  summer  of  1.S5J.  by  Collector  Moses  "  of  I'ml  Towusend,  for  an 
alleged  infraction  of  the  law,  but  escaped  with  slight  detention  and  no 
expense. 

The  sacrifice  of  life  and  property  by  nmrine  disaster  was  greater 
in  i.Ss-'  than  in  any  previous  year,  the  first  and  most  terrible  of  the 
wrecks  occurring  in  January,  when  the  steamer  Cicinra/  W'nnrii  went 
to  pieces  on  Clatsop  Spit  at  the  mouth  of  the  Coliiiid>ia,  over  forty 
people  perishing.  While  iii  ivkIc  from  Portland  to  San  Francisco  the 
Gciictal  ll'anrii  pas.sed  out  of  the  river  late  in  the  afternoon,  January 
J8th,  in  charge  of  Capt.  C.eorge  Flavel,  who  left  her  soon  after  crossing 
the  bar,  and  she  stood  out  to  sea  with  a  stiff  breeze  blowing  from  the 
south.  Toward  midnight  the  foretopmast  was  carried  away,  and  the 
Captain  determined  to  return  to  the  Columbia.  She  was  deeply  loaded 
with  grain  which  had  .scattered  in  the  hold  and  choked  the  pumps,  so 
that  water  was  slowly  gaining  from  a  leak  caused  by  her  overloaded 
condition.  She  sighted  the  Columbia  River  in  the  morning,  but  was 
unable  to  communicate  with  the  pilot  boat  until  afternoon,  and  it  was 
three  or  four  o'clock  before  Pilot  Flavel  came  aboard.  He  objected  to 
taking  the  steamer  in,  statitig  that  it  was  too  late,  and,  with  a  strong 
ebb  tide  running,  unsafe  to  make  the  attempt.  Hut  as  the  ve.s.sel  was  leaking,  and  the  passengers  were  fearful  of 
drifting  into  worse  dangers  to  the  northward,  they  crowded  around  him,  begged  so  earnestly,  and  even 
taunted  him  with  cowardice,  that  he  finally  said;  "If  you  insist  on  going  I  will  try  to  take  you  in,  but 
will  not  be  responsible  for  what  may  happen."  He  then  ordered  the  pilot  schooner  to  accompany  the 
steamer,  and  at  5:00  i'.  .m.  crossed  the  bar,  the  wind  meanwhile  dying  out  so  that  the  schooner  could  not 
follow.  The  steamer  was  making  water  faster  than  evi-r  and  was  .so  unmanageable  that  it  was  difficult  to 
control  her  movements,  and  with  the  strong  ebb  running  she  made  so  little  headway  that  Flavel  requested  the 
Captain  to  anchor.     Captain  Thompson  informed  him  that  the  steamer 

could  not  live  in  such  a  sea,  and  that  she  must  be  beached  immediately.         ._....    ,_  .      ™,».,-  -—. 
This  statement  surprised  P'lavel,  who  had  not  until  then  realized  how 
thoroughly  worthless  the  old   tub  was.  and   he  obeyed  the  Captain's 


C.MT.    TllUMAK  COt'l-K 


Hub" 
1S52,  and  at 

al  Coiiipniiv, 
ilot,  under 
ephena  froti 


^ 


Nanaimo  to  Sitka,  with  riiited  Stales  troojjs  for  Alaska,  llu  inaile  tlirt-f  trips  oil 
llif  Stt'pht'us,  ami  bus  since  lieen  rontintuuisly  tMi^aj;t'il  in  this  vocation  I»t'twefn 
Cape  l-'lalterv  anil  Sitka.  Dnrinj^  his  lonj^  cariir  he  lias  had  many  narntw  t-scajie!* 
from  sliii)\vreck,  but  a  cool  lieaii  ancl  steady  nerve  have  always  saved  him,  am!  he 
has  never  damaf^ed  a  ship  in  his  char}^e.  .\Uhnuj4h  now  in  his  sixty  eij;hlh  year, 
he  is  still  in  active  service  and  j^ciod  !or  a  lon^;  time  to  come. 

'-'  Kohert  Kainj^.  who  was  on  the  sehiKiner  SustUi  S/ur^is  when  she  was  seized 
hy  the  Indians,  was  h()rn  in  I'ifcshire,  Scotland,  in  i.Si(>.  karninj;  the  trade,  which 
ai'ierward  made  him  so  well  known  anionj;  marine  men,  at  the  Hall  yanls  in 
Dundee.  I'pon  his  cajUnre  hy  the  Indians,  he  was  treated  as  a  slave,  and.  half-clad, 
nnide  to  perform  the  most  menial  labors  dnrinii  midwinter.  Alter  holding  Mr. 
I,ain^  and  the  Captain  for  sIn  weeks,  the  savages  took  them  to  I'ort  Sim]>son  and 
demanded  and  received  a  ransom  of  live  luinilred  dollars  before  snrren.lerin^  llieir 
ca])tives.  Mr.  I.ainj^  returned  to  Victoria  on  the  steamer  /uairr,  wliieh  encountered 
a  severe  f^ale  while  crossin^^  Millbaiik  Sound,  ami  would  nndoiditerlly  have  been 
lost  but  (or  his  timely  assistance  in  repairing  the  rudder,  which  had  been  rendered 
useless  by  the  heavy  se;is.  On  arriv.d  at  Victoria  he  entered  the  emjiloy  of  llie 
Iluilson's  Hay  Company  and  continued  with  tliem  for  several  years.  He  established 
tlie  first  sliii)yard  in  Victoria,  and  hauled  out  the  lirst  vessel  ever  taken  from  the 
waters  in  the  colony.  .Vnutuj;  ollur  iiistoric  vessels  repaired  on  the  ways  in  his 
\aid  were  the  steamers  fU'tWi'r,  Otlff\  /•^n/rrpi  iu\  /iidna.  iCnii/y  /fairis,  Xdrih 
i\uifii\  J\lol,  (iussrr  '/rZ/'air,  Russian  steamer  CoHstanlint\  /siihti,  Ctindoo  /-/r, 
/'orTiUiri/,  a } applet',  Cahdouia,  U'ts/t'rn  S/i'p(\  .•Uexamlcr,  Maui{i\  and  Emuui. 
Whenever  a  survey  was  called  on  a  vessel  which  had  been  damaged,  Mr.  I, alum's 
services  were  secured  if  possible  by  the  agents,  not  alone  for  his  expert  knowledije 
of  everylhinj,(  pertaininj^  to  a  marine  crat't.  but  because  he  enjoyed  the  reputation 
of  always  expressing  a  strictly  honest  opinion. 

•'"Hon.  Qnincy  A.  Brooks  of  Port  Townseml,  who  was  deputy  ccdleotor  under  S.  I'.  Moses,  when  the  Beaver  was  seized,  was 
placed  in  charj.;e  of  the  vessel  until  s)ie  was  released.  Mr.  Hrooks  is  still  living  at  I'ort  Towusend,  Wash.  He  was  I)orn  in  I'enu- 
sylvania  in  182S  and  came  to  the  Cci    .  in  1851. 


Cavt.  I.  w.  Gove 


ii  ( 


I  u 


iillr 


' 


42 


Lewii  (J  Dryden's  Marina  History  of  tho  Pacific  Northwest 


wislies  iiiid  liuiiilfd  lit-r  for  Clatsop  Spit,  hcnchiiiK  liiT  at  7:(h>  v.  m,,  and  in  a  short  time  the  sea  was  liri'al<iii(;  clear 
oviT  lier.  At  y;ix)  I'.  M.  everything;  abaft  the  foieinasl  had  l>eeii  carried  away,  hut  as  yet  no  hves  were  h)st.  Ivvory 
one  was  mustered  forward  hoping  that  the  wreck  wonhl  hoM  to^jetlier  nntil  morning,  when  they  couUl  expect 
relief  from  shore.  At  ,voo  A.  M.  the  steamer  was  hrcakiiiK  up  so  rapiilly 
that  Ca|)t!iin  Thoniiison  determined,  as  a  last  resort,  to  attempt  to  launch 
a  1)oat  and  send  for  assistance.  Captain  hlavel  was  asked  to  take  charge, 
and  volunteers  were  called  for  to  man  her.  Most  of  the  people  on  hoard 
preferred  to  take  their  chances  by  remaininn  on  the  steamer  rather  than 
to  rush  into  what  had  the  appearance  of  certain  death  in  the  breakers, 
which  were  then  ruuniuK  so  liinh  that  it  seemed  impossible  for  a  boat 
to  live.  Ten  men  responded  to  the  call  for  a  crew,  by  a  mere  chance 
cleared  the  wreck,  and  a  few  hours  later  reached  Astoria,  where  they 
I'ouiid  the  bark  (ir(<rt;f  iiiul  Marllin.  Her  master.  Heard,  immediately 
started  for  the  scene  of  the  disaster  with  a  lar^e  whaleboat,  but,  when 
they  reached  the  spot  where  the  doomed  vessel  ha<l  been  the  ni({ht  before, 
she  had  disappeared  from  view  ;  and  the  bloated  corpses  of  the  unfor- 
tunate passen^;ers  and  crew,  which  drifted  ashore  on  Clatsop  ISeach, 
were  the  only  evidences  of  the  disaster.  Those  of  the  crew  thus  awfully 
sacrificed  were:  Charles  Thompson,  captain  ;  Johnson,  i)urser ;  O'Neill, 
ent^ineer  ;  Cleorye  Hatch,  porter  ;  Nelson  and  Jamieson,  stewards  ;  T. 
Harvey  and  R.  Iv.  Hutchinson,  cooks;  W,  Hrueii.  1*.  Turan  and  G. 
Williams,  seamen  ;   Henry  T.  York.     AmoiiK  the  passengers  were  R.  J.  "" 

I'rovin,  Thomas  .\lickle,  Alanson  I'onieroy,  John  1'.  Duncan,  A.  Cook, 
I).  ().  Huck,  A.  Stanley,  John  Dellon,  W.  H.  Hart.  Messrs.  IJenson,  Randolph, 
I„uther,  Shloss,  and  several  others.  In  the  boat  which  left  the  wreck  in  safety  were:  (leorge  l'"lavel,  pilot: 
Edward  Beverly,  fir.^t  officer ;  William  Irons,  second  officer  ;  James  Murray,  .seaman  ;  I.saac  Sparrow,  seaman  ; 
J,  G.  Wall,  Iv  L.  I"inch,  Henry  Marsh,  Matthew  Nolan,  James  Nolan,  passengers.  Of  the  survivors.  General 
J.  G.  Wall, '■  of  San  Francisco,  is  the  oidy  one  still  living.  A  few  days  after  the  destruction  of  the  (iiiurnl 
Will  It  II  the  steam  pro|>eller  -SVvi  (/«//,  Captain  TichiKjr,  went  ashore  on  the  California  coast,  but  was  sub.seciuently 
beached  in  Hundioldt  Bay  and  her  machinery  .saved.     Xo  lives  were  lost. 

The  .schooner  Ahuhiiioiie,  Capt.  I.  H.  Simp.son,  sailed  from  Astoria  for  San  Francisco,  November  20.  1X52, 
and  was  not  only  never  heard  of  afterward,  but  no  wreckage  was  found  to  explain  the  my.sterious  fate  which 
befell  her.  She  was  deeply  laden  with  lundjer,  and  a  terrible  gale  raged  for  several  days  after  she  left  the  river. 
The  supposition  is  that  she  was  battered  to  pieces  and  driven  out  of  the  track  of  vessels  passing  up  and  down  the 
coast.  Her  master  was  a  brother  of  Capt.  A.  M.  Simp.son  of  San  Francisco,  and  with  him  were  lost  his  mate, 
Lemuel  Small,  a  well  known  character  in  marine  I'ircles,  and  seven  others. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  Umptpia,  the  fleet  met  with  considerable  damage  :  January  9th  the  brig  .lliiiira,  Captain 
Gibbs,  was  cast  away,  after  crossing  the  bar,  going  ashore  one  mile  north  of  Umpqua  City.     At  this  time  she  was 

in  the  Government  service,  and  was  loaded  with  quartermasters'  supplies, 
carrying  also,  as  passengers,  thirty-six  soldiers  for  I'ortOrford.     All  hands 


CAi'r.  JiiiiN  s  MirsroN 

,.  itgomery.   Miller,   Fuller. 


*(ieii.  J.  (>.  Wall  WHS  liorii  in  Dulilin,  Ireliiiid,  in  1K27,  anil  be^an  sailinK  out 
of  British  ports  when  a  hoy  of  ff)nrtcen.  He  followed  his  calling  on  the  Atlantic  initil 
i.Sji),  when  he  left  New  Orleans  and  caine  lo  the  raciho,  having  heen  one  of  the  first 
settlers  at  Crescent  City,  Cal.,  ji  jilaee  with  which  his  name  will  always  be  inse])aral>ly 
connected.  .\t  (he  time  of  the  wreck  of  the  Ciiiiiiai  il'arieii  he  was  returning  from  a 
visit  to  Oregon  City,  and  was  selected  hy  Captain  I-'lavel  as  one  of  the  crew  of  the  boat 
to  seek  relief,  on  account  of  his  exi)erience  as  a  sailor.  Their  nintual  gofid  fortune 
ill  surviving  the  terrible  disaster  caused  a  strong  friendship  lo  spring  up  between  the 
"pilot  king"  and  (leneral  Wall,  and  nearly  every  year  niilil  the  clealli  of  Captain 
I'"l,'ivel  the>-  would  meet  and  rehearse  the  stirring  scenes  in  which  they  first  met.  Wall 
would  sometinies  go  to  I'hivel's  Oregon  home,  Flavel  repaying  the  visit  the  f(dlowing 
year  to  California,  (leneral  Wall  was  agent  at  Crescent  City  for  Wells,  I''argo  Ot  Co. 
for  over  thirty  years,  and  iit  the  time  of  the  wreck  of  the  Ilivthir  Jomithan  remlered 
v,'iliiable  assistance  lo  the  few  survivors,  and  also  look  an  active  part  in  searching  for 
the  bodies  of  the  unfortunate  victims.  Thrfnigh  his  ]iroiniuence  in  military  mailers 
he  was  one  of  the  best  known  men  in  Northern  California,  lie  served  for  fourteen 
years  in  coininaud  of  the  militia  companies  of  the  Sixth  Hrigade,  in  Del  Norle, 
Humboldt,  Klaniath  and  Mendocino  counties.  Before  leaving  the  employ  of  llie  express 
company  at  Crescent  City,  he  became  engaged  in  lumbering  at  that  point,  and  is  still 
operating  one  of  the  largest  enterprises  of  that  kind  in  the  State.  He  has  recenlly 
constructed  a  railroad  from  Crescent  City  lo  Smith  River,  and  across  that  stream  a 
f4o,(ioo  bridge,  thus  securing  easy  access  to  an  immense  tract  of  redwood  limber  which 
he  owns  on  Siuith  River.  The  hiniber  firm  of  Hobbs,  Wall  &  Co.  is  one  of  the  oldest 
in  the  Slate,  and  since  beginning  business  at  Crescent  City  has  built  many  well-known 
coasting  vessels,  among  the  besl  known  being  the  schooners  J,  G.  Wall,  Mary  D. 
I'oiiiiioy,  and  Oii'dii  /'tail.  General  Wall  also  built  the  steamers  Crescent  Cily  and  the 
two  Del  Aoites,  naming  them  after  the  county  of  that  name.  At  Crescenl  City  he 
owns  one  of  the  largest  wharves  on  the  coast,  and  personally  looks  after  his  lumber  business  for  the  greater  part  of  the  year,  giving 
out  no  contracts,  but  employing  a  superintendent  at  the  mill  and  a  foreman  at  each  of  the  logging  camps.  Oeneral  Wall  resides  in 
Alameda,  and  is  largely  interested  in  Sau  I-'raucisco  enterprises. 


kOllKKT   I.AINO 


Sti'nm  Navigiiion  nn  Upprr  Will:>mi'tti\  Rapid  Growth  nf  Rivrr  Biisiiwss 


43 


illur,  I'liller, 
'lavc'l,  pilot ; 
3W,  seaman  ; 
ors,  Gfiicral 
the  (I'ciiini/ 
iubs(.(|utiitly 

icr  20.  iS,S2, 
:  fate  which 
"t  tlie  river, 
il  down  the 
it  his  mate, 

I'ra,  Cai)tain 
me  she  was 
rs'  supplies, 
All  hands 


•At 


sailing  out 
Jaiitic  until 
e  of  tile  first 
iiistpnrably 

riling  rroni  a 
of  the  boat 

;oiiil  fortune 
I)ct\veen  tlie 

Il  of  Ca|>taiii 
iiitl.  Wall 
lie  following 

I'arxo  &  Co. 

/(/'/  reiiilcred 

searrlliiij;  for 

"tary  matters 

for  fourteen 

Del    Norte, 

f  the  expre.ss 

t,  ami  is  still 

lias  recently 

liat  stream  a 
niher  which 

of  the  oldest 
well-known 

//,  iVaiy  V. 

Cily  aiitl  the 
ent  City  he 
year,  jiving 

all  resides  in 


were  saved.    July  .'.'d  the  schodiier  A'r/.vv,i;/,  Capt.  I'eter  Johnson,  after  nailhlK  out  of  the  I'mpipia,  eiienuiitered  a 
dead  calm  and  drifted  ashore  on  ,Soiith  Spit,  where  she  was  rapidly  knocked  to  pieces.      Snlceipietilly  the  I'llited 
Stales  revenue  cutter  /.iihulii  sprang  a  leak  ami  was  beached  three  miles  from  Coos  Hay  bar  without  loss  of  life. 
Novemtwr  jyth,  during  a  fo^,  the  brin;  Mutif  went  ashore  at   North 
Heach,  a  few  miles  above  Cape  I)isa|)poinlment,  while  m  1  'i.t-  from 
San  l''iancisc«  to  Slioalwater  Day.     Nine  persons  perished,  and  only 
two  escaped  from  the  wreck.     Another  serious  disaster,  iittended  with 
sacrifice  of  hlim.in  life,  was  the  sinkinj;  of  the  bark  Lonl  A',ii;/<i'i, 
i/i  roiili-  from  Sooke  with  a  carjfo  of  piles  for  Ivn^land.     The  ve  s^l 
foundered  olT  Cape  h'lattery,  and  her  crew  and  passeuHcrs,  like  those 
of  many  a  cr.ift  which  has  since  met  a  similar  fate,  were  never  heard 
of  anaiii.     The  Kev.  and  Mrs.  Stains  were  passengers  on  the  \essel, 
the  fiirmer  having  been  the  first  minister  of  the  ^''^I'^'l  »'  \'icloria, 
where  he  had  arri\ed  in  .March,  1H49,  on  the  bark  I'olniiiHn.     The 
brij;  llorJfiiiix,  from  San   I'rancisco  for  l'U){et  Sound,  ran  in  fur  the  ! 

Columbia,  December   i.^th,  and  anchored  on  the  bar.     During  a  1 

heavy  swell  she  lost  her  anchors  and  drifted  liiRh  and  dry  oil  Clatsop  ' 

Head.      The  crew  escaped,  but  the  vessel  proved  a  complete  wreck.  V 

The  schooner  Jiiliit,  Caiitain   Collins,   from  San   I'Vaiicisco   for  the  \ 

Ciiluiiibi.i,  was  wrecked  in  March  a  few  miles  below  Vaipiiiia.     The 
crew  K'>t  "If  in  safety  and  made  their  way  to  ()re(;on  City  overland. 
Another  misfortune  of  the  year  was   the   wrecking  of  the 
I'llited  States  transport  bark  Anita,  Capt.  J.   II.  Belcher,   at   Port 

Orford.    The  vessel  was 


'-r'Tt  • 


a    total    loss,    but    the 
crew  reached  the  shore. 


WIM.I.\M    II.  THnri' 


«Pi<s^ 


Steam  and  sailitijj  craft  increased  with  wonderful  rapidity  duriiij; 
1 8,5,1  in  all  portions  of  the  Northwest.  Reports  of  the  remarkable  pos- 
sibilities for  marine  business  on  the  Great  River  of  the  West,  and  on 
that  vast  inland  sea,  I'uget  .Sound  and  its  tributaries,  had  spread  among 
the  mariners  on  the  more  crowded  waters  of  the  Isastern  coast,  and  they 
came  with  the  rush.  The  impenetrable  forests  of  the  Sound  country, 
and  the  rou^h  character  of  the  land  bordering  the  lower  and  middle 
Columbia,  made  it  almost  impossible  for  travelers  to  proceed  except 
by  water  ways,  and  every  craft  that  lloated  proved  profitable.  The 
Columbia  and  Willamette  river  fleet  was  augmented  by  the  btiihling 
of  the  steamer  IUUi\  which  was  launched  August  isth  at  Oregon 
City,  for  Wells  iV  Williams,  by  W.  H.  Trouj) ''  and  the  pioneer 
machinist  and  engineer,  T.  V.  Smith.  The  llclle  was  intended  for 
the  Oregon  City  trade,  but  was  operated  on  the  Ca.scade  route  in  1.S55 
in  command  of  Captain  Wells,  with  J.  M.  Oilman  as  engineer  and 
N.  H.  Ingalls,  "  jiurser.  She  also  ran  there  in  i.S5()-5;  in  cominand  of 
Captain  Williams,  connecting  with  the 


■'Capt.    W.   II.    Troii)!,    father  of   the 

well  known  .stcamlioatiiien  James.  Claud  and 

Clrirles  Troup,  was  one  e)f  llie  tirst  engineers 

on  the  Fit'iily.  lie  was  horn  in  London  in 
1S2S  and  came  to  this  country  when  (inite  youiij.,'.  .After  receiving  ,'i  thorough  training 
ill  the  machine  shops  he  entered'  the  service  of  the  racilic  Mail  Company  llet^veen  .San  Krancisco 
and  I'anama  early  ill  1S511.  l'"roiii  the  Panama  route  he  came  north,  and,  preferring  river  navi- 
^alion,  remained  in  Oregon,  He  hiiilt  the  l'anioitiri\  the  first  re).;iil<'ir  steamer  on  the  Vancouver 
route,  and  also  cmistructed  the  steamer  Juinny  TioHp.  and  was  interesteil  in  the  new  Wtucoit; t'l . 
He  went  to  Coos  Hay  as  cn|,'incer  on  the  H'aihiiixloii,  ami  was  so  favoratily  inijiressed  with  that 
locality  that  lie  returned  there  with  Capt.  Nat  l.ane.  and  with  him  ran  the  ste.imer  .t/issnii;,!. 
Tot;etlier  with  the  late  T.  V.  .Smith  he  lilted  out  the  iiioneer  steamer  /llaikliauk  for  Williams  S: 
Wells  at  Oregon  City  in  uSsv  He  was  also  vvith  a  sleanur  on  Lake  Talioe.  Calitornia,  several 
iiioiiths.  and  spent  some  time  ini  the  Stickeeii  River  ami  on  steamers  rnnniiig  on  the  .Alaska 
nmte  .-\l  times  during  his  long  career  on  the  Coast  he  lived  ashore,  working  at  his  trade  as  a 
machinist,  hut  his  love  for  the  water  always  recalled  him  to  his  marine  vocation,  and  he  spent  the 
last  years  of  his  life  mi  the  oM  steamer  /  'a/ici'iii'ii:  He  died  in  Vancouver,  W.ish.,  .April  .S,  iSHj. 
"'  N.  H.  Ingalls,  who  was  one  of  the  first  pursers  on  the  /)V//c  and  the  luigle,  is,  with  the 
exception  of  Dan  O'Neil,  the  oldest  living  purser  in  the  Northwest.  He  arrived  in  Porlland  in 
1X51  and  secured  a  position  on  the  /uii;li\  which  ran  that  year  on  tlieOrc^'on  City  route,  continuing 
ill  this  service  on  tlie  steamers  Utile,  I'otilnud,  Jennie  ( 'laik,  l\'ifal  and  Expirss  until  1.S5S,  when 

he  went  on  the  Cascade  run,  reinaining,  except  for  a  lirief  ahsence  ill  the  ICast,  until  1S93.  During  that  period  of  tliirty-five  vears  he 
served  on  the  steamers  Canie  [.mill.  Mountain  Hmk,  Julia,  CauaJe,  Wilson  (•'.  Hunt,  Mew  World,  Oneonla,  Dixie  Tlioinpsoii, 
Kmina  llayuaiJ,  Wide  West,  S.  G.  A'eed,  /lonita.  A'.  A'.  Tliompson,  Multnomah,  t/assalo,  /.utiine  ami  .Isloiian. 


(IKN,  Jusi:rn  W  \l.l. 


N.    U.    iNOAI.LH 


lii 
III 


I 


I 


44 


Lewis  4  Drychn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


CATI.    CllAKI.KS    1-'.    KHAl  T 


Steamer  v'/ci/t  for  The  Dalles.       In    185S  she  varied   her  runs,   having  been  at  different  times  on  the  Astoria. 

Cowlitz,  and  Cascade  routes.     The  lielh-  continued  on  the  Coluniliia  under  her  original  management  until  the 

Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company  was  organized,  when  she  was  absorl)ed  by  that  corporation.     They  seldom 

u-sed  her,  and  she  soon  found  her  way  to  the  boneyard,  where  she  was  broken  up  in  1869,  the  old  iron  of  which 

her  hull  was  built  going  to  China  on  the  bark  Hattic  /iissr.     The  engines  were  afterward  placed  in  a  sawmill 

at  Oak  I'oint.  The  dimensions  of  the  /)V7/c  were;  Length,  90  feet:  beam, 
ifi  feet;  depth,  4  feet;  tonnage,  registereu  a'  custom-house  at  Astoria,  54 
tons. 

The  steamer  Portland  was  launched  July  2,  1S3.V  She  was  a  small 
sidewlieeler,  and  on  her  comjiletiou  was  placed  on  the  Oregon  City  line  in 
coiniection  with  the  steamer  Multiionia/i,  and  continued  on  this  route,  with 
occasional  trips  to  Astoria,  until  October,  is^d,  when  she  was  taken  above 
the  falls  and  ran  on  the  upper  river  until  March,  1.S57,  at  which  time  she 
came  to  a  tragic  end  isce  wreck  of  steamer  I\irtlaiu1.  1S57). 

On  the  lower  Columbia  the  steam  tug  J'ir,i/_v,''  a  recent  arrival  from 
San  l-'rancisco,  was  ."ut  in  the  towing  service  at  Astoria.     The  /'iloiiia,  a 
large   stea.n  scow,  was  completed  in  September  to  run  between  Portland 
and  the  Cascades,  in  conjunction  with  the  steamer  .Ulan,  which  had  been 
taken   to  the  miildle  river.     Capt.  John  McCrosky  and  his  associates  com- 
pleted what  was  at  this  time  called  "The  big  sidewheeler  Wallaimi."    She 
was  intended  for  the  upper  Willamette  trade,  and  was  constructed  under 
the   superintendence   of    Captain   John   McCrosky,  who  had  a  mania  for 
building  steamers  of  the  Mississippi   type.      She  had  disconnected  side 
wheels,   with   engines    i4x(^o, 
registered  :' 2  tons,  was  150  feet 
in  length,  2,1  feet  beam,  and  5 
feet  hold,  but  owing  to  defects 
in  her  construction  and  inadapt- 
ability to  the  trade  ne\er  proved 

much  of  a  success     In  July,  1S54,  she  was  lined  over  the  falls  and  put 

on  the  Astoria  route,  where  her  owners  had  the  mail  contract.     In 

September  she  was  .sold  to  a  company  compo.sed  of  Capts.  Richard 

Hoyt,  A.  S.  Murray,  and  others,  who  took  her  to  California  and  ran 

her  on  the  .Sacr.imento    River  in   opposition  to  the  California  Steam 

Navigation  Companv.     She  went  down  in  tow  of  tliC  old  steamship 

J'tyloiii'a,  and  proved  a  losing  venture  for   her  Oregon  owners  from 

the  time  of  her  arrival.     They  were   finally  compelled  to  sell  her  to 

the  California  .Sieam    Navigation  Company,  whose  business  she  was 

seriously  affecting.     Slie  ran   but  a  short  time  after  this,  when  she 

was  laid  no  until  she  rotted.       She  was   then    broken    up    and    her 

niacliiner.-  used  in  a  smaller  boat  calleii  the  S:,-all(i7r,  which  was  also 

dismantled  .ifter  a  short  period  of  activity.     The  mo:  '   iirominent  of 

the  ll'allaiiiii's  masters  in  Oregon   waters  were   Chas.   Bennett   and 

.\.  F.  Hedges  of  the  oUl  Defiance  Line.     Capt.  Chas.  F.  Kraft,"-  who 

is   still  living  in  Seittle,  was  also  one  of  her   crew.      The   (  aiiiiiiah.  cait.  •riii:cm..KK  wvuant 

'  The  /'.'/v//!' «.!•*  a  siumII  |irn|ielUT  l>loii(.;llt  up  rnirii  San  I'raiicisni  in  is.s.i  tiy  Ca]it.  Thomas  Ilauk-.  one  iiC  lllc  fiiM  liar 
pi  It  its  on  llu'  Coin  in  Ilia  Slic  i-ontinud  liL-rst'lf  iMostly  to  jolihiii).,'  .iroinnl  tlif  lower  C*>lntiiliia.  ami  canu-  to  a  sin  Men  t-nil  tlu'  I'ol  lowing 
vc.ir  liv  sw.unpinn  olf  I'.ih/a  l'o:;it.  '.)n  I'l-li'nary  2),  is.i),  sln'  wasl.iwinj^  a  rati  ol'  1ol;s  I'roni  \iinni;'s  KiviT  to  Wi-Klfs  sawmill,  am! 
in  roinnlin'.^  .^nrlli's  I'omt  the  t'lih  tiile  I'aii^ht  hi*r.  .As  she  was  of  small  iiowi-r  slie  w.is  r-  .  Uetl  to  drill  with  the  rail.  linalh- 
unnunlini;  on  the  sai  lis  a  short  ili  'anee  aliove  l''ort  Stevens.  She  l.iiil  there  nntil  thellooil  ti..  -li/U'l  the  lo^-.  ^"'".L'iti.U  them  in 
oxer  the  sands  .fill  dra^i^in^f  the  sir. imei' with  them.  Hawks  woidd  imt  enl  loose,  and  the  ste.nner  eapsi/ed,  drtiwtiin,^  tj,-iptain 
Hawks,  engineer  Swasey,  and  three  others.  Welsh,  who  had  lieen  a  passeii^ier  on  the  trip,  remained  on  the  raft,  finally  ent  it  adril'l 
anil  lloateii  np  to  .Astoria,  where  he  nave  the  alarm.  ,\  resi'llini,;  jiarty  hnrried  to  the  relief,  lint  when  they  re.iehed  Ihe  seene  of  the 
disaster  the  onh"  one  .di\e  was  the  fireman,  who  was  olin^inj;  to  the  sniokistaek. 

'  Capt.  Clii-.rles  I".  Kr.ifl  w.is  horn  in  Prussia,  .Xngiist  :.v  iS^i.  .\fter  ernisini,' in  the  M.dtic  Sea  and  other  luirope.m  waters 
while  .1  liov,  he  eatn'-'  to  San  I'r.tneiseo  in  iH(9,  and  went  to  Portland  in  is,si,  enlerin.u  the  m.irine  serviee  in  the  Northwest  on 
the  sie. inter  liiiiiii  I',  l-'liiil,  ahove  tile  Cascades.  lie  left  her  at  f'orlf.ind  in  is.si.  and  next  served  on  Ihe  old  (  'ii'iitii/>i,i  for  a  short 
time.  l-'i,im  the  ^ '(i///;'/'''/i/  he 'venl  to  the  I'tt^li',  wherein'  remained  as  eni^ineer  two  years.  He  was  aftel  waid  on  the  U\i!lnniti, 
i;oin,i.;  with  her  to  San  I'ram  eo,  and  on  his  return  In  ,<l\l  the  A'./a'A'  and  ran  her  for  a  few  months,  when  he  sold  her  and 
relived  tenijiorarilv  from  the  in  nine  Imsiness.  .After  spending  several  years  in  mining  and  mereanlile  jinrsniis  in  Sonthern  ()re,L;oii 
and  Western  "Va-hinj;lon,  he  went  to  Pn^et  Sound  and  pnrehased  the  t'.dith  /■'  on  I.ake  W,ishin>;ton.  lie  opii.iied  her  six  vears,  in 
the  meantini'.'  linildinu  the  J/iiry  l\i\ift.  He  formed  a  eomh. nation  with  the  .SeattU' Calile  R.ulroad  Comp;in\,  \\hile  jiiesident  of 
the  I'niiin  N,ivii;alion  Com]ian  ,  ,iiid  nnder  this  iiintr.iel  ran  the  steamers  Ki'  1,1,1,  ,/,  M,iiv  Kiatl.  and  lutilh  /■',  for  a  year  and  a 
half,  the  Kiitii  hnrninj;  in  iSuj.  In  isii4  he  lii)ai;ht  the  ihiii/.i/i/'  .and  took  her  from  the  Sound  to  I.uke  W,ishin,nion,  While  in 
eommand  of  tie'  k'iiUiiiiJ  he  had  the  honor  of  entertaining  President  Il.irrison  dnrinj;  a  pleasure  Iriji  on  the  lake.  .An  exeeedinjjly 
valnalile  marine  re...-  is  now  in  tlie  possessitni  of  Captain  Kraft,  -the  ll.i^s  o.*'  the  old  steamship  <  'oliinihi,j,  whieli  vessel  rounded  the 
Horn  in  iS,ii  and    'as  the  first  rejiiilar  hoal  lielween  Portland  and  San  I'r.ineiseo. 


Steam  Naviyaiinn  on  Upper  Willamette,  Rapid  Growth  of  Riwr  Btisin 


45 


the  Astoria, 
eiit  until  till.' 
Tiiey  seldom 
roil  of  which 

in  a  sawmill 

0  feet ;  beam, 
t  Astoria,  54 

i  was  a  small 

1  City  line  in 
s  ronte,  with 
I  taken  above 
lich  time  she 

arrival  from 
he  /'i/oiiia.  a 
een  rorlland 
ch  had  been 
<ociates  ooin- 
'<n,ici:'  She 
ncted  under 
a  mania  for 
iiiiected   side 


^.iwiuill,  ;nnl 

■  rjll,  linally 

tlu'iii  in 

111,:   Ci)iliiiii 

nil  it  ailiill 

I'l'lU-  of  tllf 

|uMll  waters 

irili»i-.t  on 

liir  a  sliorl 

IWillanifl. 

.1.1   her  aii.l 

lurii  ()ri'j;i.ii 

lix  \-fars,  in 

irosiilenl  of 

\t'ar  ati.l  a 

WliiU.  ill 

■Xfft'.lillyU- 
llllll.lc.l  tin- 


i 


under   the   same   ownership,    continued    on    the   route   from    Oregon    City   to   up-river   points    in    command   of 
Theodore  VVygant,'  with  .Sebastian  Miller, "  engineer. 

Captain  Hoyt  had  combined  with  Captain  Murray,  establishing  the  People's  Line,  operating  the  steaniirs 
Miiltnomnh  and  I'oitlaud  in  the  Oregon  City  trade.  Hreck  and  Ogdeu  were  the 
rortland  agents.  The  steamer  J-'as/iion,  which  had  risen  from  the  ruins  of  the 
Jas.  /'.  l-'liiil.  in  command  of  Capt.  J.  O.  \'an  liergen,  was  covering  .several  routes, 
going  to  the  Cowlitz  Monday  and  TucMlay.  Oregon  City  Wednesday  and  Thursday, 
and  the  rest  of  the  week  to  \'ancouver  and  the  Cascades.  In  August  the /i'A//(/«(/ 
began  runuiug  to  \'ancouver,  and  indulged  in  .some  lively  races  with  the  Fashion. 
The  .S7^i(?/r.ii/<';' continued  on  the  upper  Willamette,  and  in  August  the  Wai/ihii^ton 
left  the  Columbia  for  the  Unip((ua,  where  she  was  run  by  her  owner,  Capt.  Sylvester 
J^^      ^^^^  Hin.sdale.  "     The /..i/  l/'////(<>w/Mvas  on  the  Astoria  route,  connecting  at  Rainier  with 

^^^^^HHH^HKi         the  Cowlitz  River  Canoe  and  Hateau   Line,  which  in  turn  made  connections  with 
vHH^^^^^^Hj^^       stages  for  Olympia  and  Puget  Sound  points.     The  Willamette  h'alls  Company  coiii- 
^y'^piiP^ni^'^  menced  the  construction  of  a  fine  steamer  for  the  Oregon  City  trade,  but  unfortunately 

she  was  burned  on  the  stocks  before  completion.     The  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Com- 
pany indulged  in  a  little  experimenting  this  year,  causing  the  people  of  Portland 

.serious  anxietv  for  a  short  time.     The  companv  buiU  a  i>.i.i,u.iii  wluuf  at  St.  Helens, 
CAi-T  Seii,\stia.\  Mii.i.nn  ,,-,',,,.  ,.       ,  ,  •  ..>. 

and  refuseil   to  allow  their  steamers  to  go  any  farther  up  the  river.      1  hey   were 

operating  two  steamships  on  the  Sau  Frauci.sco  route,  the  Columbia,  Captains  Dall  and  I.apidge,  '  and  the  l-'icnionl, 

Caiitaiu  liurns ;    but  the   Portlanders   succeeded    in    compelling   them    to  reconsider  this  move  by  securing  an 

opposition  steamship,  the  l\-\iouia,  which  arrived  on  her  first  trip  in  December  in 

command  of  Capt.  Jas.  S.   Na.sh,  anil  the  Pacific   Mail  Company  again  extended 

their  service   to    Portland. 

The  year  1.S53  witne.s.sed  the  advent  of  local  steam  navigation  on  Puget  .Sound 
by  American  steamers.  The  Fairy,  a  sidewheeler  ov,  ned  by  A.  H.  David  and  Capt. 
Warren  Ciove,  was  brought  from  Sau  Frauci.sco  on  the  deck  of  the  bark  Saia/i 
ll'iinrii,  and  under  command  of  Captain  C.ove  replaced  the  Canoe  express  on  the 
run  from  .Seattle  to  Olympia.  .She  was  small  and  slow  and  cut  no  great  figure  in 
Pnget   Sound  navigati.m,  finally  ending  her  days  with  a  boiler  explositni  in  1.H57. 

The  Willamette  I'".ills  Company,  backed  and  controlled  b;  the  banking  house 
of  Page,  Hacon  &  Compiny,  commenced  operations  opposite  Oregon  City  in  is^^ 
with  a  view  to  rivaling  the  old  town.  They  spent  thousands  of  dollars  in  building 
a  liasin  and  liitlkheads  and  making  other  improvements,  but  "lisfortune  attended 
Iheir  efforts  from  the  start.  Their  first  steamer  was  burueil  on  the  slocks  at  Oregon 
City,  October  dth.  their  next,  the  Ga:r//i\  blew  up  with  frightful  results  in  iSs.). 
less  than   Ihree  weeks  after  she  was  put  in  service,  and  the  same  v  ar  the  ()>i\,'H 


CAl-r.   S\I.\KSTKB    UlNSn.-M.K 


Tlit'o.lort'  W'y^aiil,  a  pi.)iK'L'r  sleanihoal  man  of  tlu- WillaiiieUf,  wan  ixtrii  in  .New  V'urk  in  iS.u.  I'poii  liis  arrival  in 
I  Iii'l;..!!  lie  joiiie.l  the  Ciinriit^i/i  as  jnir.ser  in  May.  1S52.  ami  after  a  short  time  took  eomm.-iml.  lie  was  siihsei|iientiy  master  of  the 
sU-aniiT  Siii/'iiii\  all.l  from  1S52  illllil  1S5S  ran  on  the  WiUametle  River  ei.iuii  lli.iisly,  relirill;;  from  the  water  in  iSs.S  to  acc-e])!  the 
a_niiu-\  i.f  the  .V/(;/^//.(' at  Ore;.;.)!!  C"il\'.  He  also  .lel^'.l  as  atienl  for  the  stiilll^  rs  ( ';/:t'i/r</.  h'tlh'i,  /'.V4-,  .mil  others.  In  iSh^hewas 
appointe.l  Seeretar\  an.  I  Treasurer  of  the  Orej^on  Steam  Navi  i>.  it  i..ii  Companv,  hoi.  lini;  this  important  olVu'e,  witll  the  e.\eepl  ion  of  hrief 
iir.ervals,  until  187.J.  He  next  hecame  Seerelary  and  .Assistant  'IVeasnrer  of  the  Orej^oii  I<ailwa\-  ^S:  Navi.ii.ition  Comp.iiiy.  oeeiipyini; 
ili.it  jmsilion  for  eii^ht  years,  resiyniiii;  in  iSS;  to  eiiiiatje  in  the  real  estate  1ms  iiess.  In  1.S5S  Mr.  Wyi^ant  marrie.l  a  iianj.;hier  of 
W  tl.  Rae.  one  of  the  liest  known  of  the  lIll.ls^n^^  Ita\'  Companv's  ajients.  Mrs.  Wv.eailt  was  horn  on  tlii'  e.mipain's  tannins 
si  earner  />'i  ,!:'<■  r  while  lier  p. 1  rents  were  r//  r. '/^/('  norlh  from  i-'oit  X'aneoiiver.  Ml.  \\*\  j^am  has  preseive'l  a  111.  ist  e  .111  pi  el  e  re.-oiil  of 
the  marine  Imsiness  of  the  Willamelle  and  Collimhia  rivers  for  a  perio.I  eoverini;  luarh  forty  vears.  ami  we  .'ire  in.r-liU.l  to  him  for 
iiiiieh  valnalile  information  in  eonneeti.m  therewith.  .\lilioii,i.;ii  peiinaiienti\  retire,'.  *"'":ii  'ii.iriti";e  (.u-siiii...  he  is  still  ileeph' 
interested  in  anything;  pertaining  to  his  old  voeation. 

'Capt.  Seli.'istian  Miller  was  li.)rn  in  Ohio  in  |S>7.  ami  le.irne.l  the  engineers'  tni.le  on  the  Ohio  Kiver,  where  lie  followe.l 
liis  professii)u  until  iS.s-*,  at  wllieli  time  he  eaille  to  *  Ire^.ni.  Mis  first  w.u'k  here  w.'is  as  eii^iiu-er  on  the  .-leamer  I  tint' in  nil.  .in.l  from 
lier  he  went  to  the  U'llltunitfi',  tlu'ii  iiinnin^  .'is  a  in.iil  lioal  to  .\sioria.  .\fler  serxini;  in  lliis  e.ip.ieity  for  several  \ears,  he  rei'ei\'e.l 
iii.isler's  (tapers  ami  went  lo  the  other  eii.l  .if  the  hoat.  where  he  has  ha. I  a  var.e.l  eareer.  His  greatest  fe.il  was  in  riinnin^  the 
^te. liner  Shoshnnt'  from  the  upper  Snake  River  to  The  lialles.  a  ]jeril.iiis  itmlertakin.t;  ami  on.'  wliieli  has  never  sinee  lieen  e.jiialed. 
He  also  Itronj^Iit  the  steamer  .\V^  JViit'  i'/iirr  (nnn  The  Palles  to  I'ortl.iml.  an. I  w.is  ina-.ier  of  the  stertuvheel  steamer  /it,i;ri  from 
111.'  time  she  w.'is  laniu-iie.'  until  she  went  to  the  .S.nin.l.  1  luring  the  past  thr.-i'  .leeades  he  has  ha.l  .'omman.l  of  ne.irly  foilv  .litferent 
■-'I'aiiiho.ils  on  llieWillai'  .  '.e.  Coliimliia  .iii.l  Sinke  rivers.  He  retire.l  fr.nti  the  water  a  few  M-ars  a>;.)  aii.l  is  now  li\  iii^  near  I  irejji.m 
Cilv, 

'  Capt.  Sylvester  lliiis.lalewas  horn  in  New  \'ork  in  iSi.j.  .in.l  al'ier  following  the  sea  .iii  the  .\tlanlie  Coast  until  1S50 
.'imie  aroliii.l   lo  i.'alifornia  ami  (V.)m  there   to  OreL'.m  in  1S52.      He   first  eii).;ai;e.l  in   tne   mereantile   Imsiiu'ss  at   .Seotlshureh,  hut 


ill  1S5;  went  to  the  C.iluinhia  .iinl  ])ni'ehase.l  the  little  steamer  U',i^fiiiti^li>n.  wliieh  he  operati'l  on  the  \  in]ii|iia  Rix'i'i 


!i.'  took  lur  .lowli  lo  the  Co.|ilille,  lint  i 


.\fte 


retnrne.l  to  the  rin])(|iia.  ami.  when  the  first  ■ 


el  limit  in  Orei;. 111  south  of  the  Colninhi.i 


«.is  lanmhe.'   at  SeottshnrL;Ii  in    1S511.  lie  took  eommaiul.      This  ves.sel    was   the  ol.l  seh.ioner    I 'iiif'/iui,   aii.l   Ca)>taiii   llinsilale 
anil  San  l-raneiseo  for  ah. ml  three  \ears,  retirin,t;  front  lite  waler  to  attend  to  his  mere.intile  and  steamtioat 


ran  her  lielv 


LMl  V 


nip.|ii 


He  died  in  i.araniie,  \\'\o..  in  1S70,  while  on  his  way  home  from  the  Mast. 
Capt   William  !•'.  l.apiil.t;e  was  limn  in  PjihI.iii.I  in  iSjj.  ami  sailed  out  of  Liverpool  .is  a  midshipman  on  II.  M.  S.  Wn/h 


i!ll> 


1  in  the  iiavv'  he  entered  the  merehant  si-rviee  as  m.ister  of  the  hark  I,  n>i\-  lirv,tiif.  and  sulweipu-iitly  e.im  ma  tided 
ur  sailing;  vessels,  leaviii),'  them  to  enter  the  employment  of  the  Ciinanl  Ste  unship  I, in.',  leniainiiii;  uilh  this  eonip.inv  as  lliiril, 


.•\fter  six 
lili 


iilld  and  first  olii.'er  fii 


1.1  oil 


ler  steatners  for  t\' 


e\'en  and  oneli. df  \ears 


He 


[line  lo  the  Paeifu'  Coast  in  iS.si.  .ind,  after  iniinin^  iioitli  on  the  (\'hinihitt 


took   the  steamship  /'«/i.i/w   lo  Svdiiey  ati.l  sold   her  for  \V,  II.  ,\spiiiw,ill.     He   then 


Mlion  on  the  raiiaimi  route,  where  he  remained  for  twenty  two  years,  retiring;  ill  Septenil 


ler,  IS;;. 


ile.l 


( 


HP 


•  J  m 


Si: 


II 


I  ! 


46 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marino  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


THK    HfnSON'S    \iA\    STKAMKK 


was  sunk,  proving  almost  a  total  loss.     These  fatalities  eventually  drove  them  from  the  river,  ami  during  the  h\<^ 

freshet  of  1861  their  warehouses  and  other  property  went  floating  .seaward,  ending  forever  an  ill-starred  enterpri.se. 
The  steamship   C\>/itnihia  and  the   /'rcnionl  \\ai\  extended  their  trips  from  the  Colnmhia   River  to  include 

Puget   Sound,  and   arrived   and   departed    regularly 

from  Steilacoom.     The  Victoria  steam  fleet  received 

a  very  important  addition  in  the  Hudson's  Hay  Com- 
pany's steamer  Oiler,  the  pioneer  craft  whose  varied 

history  is  excelled   in  interest  only   by   that  of  the 

ancient  Beavc) .    The  "old  steamer  Oiler."  as  she  was 

called  to  distinguish  her  from  the  numerous  Ollert 

that  disported  in  these  waters  in  after  years,  was  built 

at  Hlackwall,  Kngland,  in   185:?,  was  about  220  tons 

burden,  with  the  following  dimensions  :    Length,  122 

feet ;  beam,  20  feet :  depth  of  hold,  12  feet.     Her  ])n)- 

pelling  force  consisted  of  two  direct-acting,  condensing 

engines,  26  x  iS  inches,  which  were  looked  upon  as 

marvels   of  mechanical    skill    at   the    time   of  their 

construction,   and   had   taken   the  first  prize   in   the 

great   London  Exhibition  of  i.S^i,     She  came  out  from  London  in  January,  1.S53,  in  command  of  Captain  Miller. 

with  Capt.  Herbert  G.  Lewis,"  first  officer,  and  Charles  Thorn,  engineer,  arriving  at  Victoria  five  months  later. 

She  was  sent  out  by  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company  to  relieve  the  /leaver 
of  some  of  her  work,  which  was  increasing  as  the  country  became  more 
thickly  settled.  Soon  after  her  arrival  she  was  taken  to  San  Franci.sco 
and  eidarged  to  suit  the  trade  for  which  she  was  intended  She  con- 
tiiuied  to  run  up  and  down  the  coast  for  many  years  in  the  interest  o( 
the  company,  most  of  the  lime  in  charge  of  Captain  Lewis.  She  was 
also  commanded  at  different  periods  by  Captains  Mouatt,  who  took  her 
after  her  arrival,  .Swanson,  McCulloch,  Meyer,  Gardiner,  and  others. 
In  1.S77,  while  the  company  was  making  a  specialty  of  steamboating, 
the  Ollei  was  placed  on  the  run  between  \'ictoria  and  Xew  West- 
minster during  the  winter  months,  at  which  season  it  was  fre<inently 
too  rough  for  the  linlerpriir.  She  also  made  occasional  trips  on  this 
route  in  place  of  the  Ihhicess  Louise.  In  1880  she  sank  near  Hella 
Coola  and  was  reported  a  total  loss.  The  wreck  was  sold  by  the  under- 
writers to  Captain  S])ring.  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company  repurchasing  it 
and  employing  diver  Harmon  of  \'ictoria.  who  descended  and  shut  a 
deadlight  through  which  most  of  llie  water  had  entereil.  after  which 
the  steamer  was  raised  without  difficulty  and  towed  to  X'ictoria.  Here 
she  was  refitted  and  ran  for  several  years,  ending  I'.er  days  in  the 
service  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  who  finally 
dismantled  her  and  used  the   luill  for  a  coal  hulk  until  June,   1.S90, 


f^W^ff^^*^*'^ 


vhen  it  was  !)urned  for  the  coppi 


Two  of  the  crew  who  came  out 


C,\1T.    Ul  RllKHT    **,.    I.KWIS 


in    till 


imous   steamer, 


H.    ('..   Lewis 


ILi 


Glide 


sti 


"Capt.  Ilerliert  d.  Lewis,  who  caiiii.'  out  as  lirst  oll'iccr  on  the  i>l/er.  is  slill  living  in 
Victoria,  where  lor  a  iiumlier  of  years  he  has  liecn  ship]iitivi  master.  He  was  horn  in  Ivn^ilaiul 
in  i.S'S.  ami  first  eanie  to  tlie  Ni)rtliwesl  on  one  of  tlie  lliulsun's  liay  Coiiipany's  saihii^ 
vessels,  retintiinylo  I-ji).;lan(l  within  a  sh(>rt  time  .'itnl  aii.iin  enmiuK  out  with  the  Otlrr.  .Soon 
after  his  arrival  lie  j()ine(l  the  /.'( arvr  as  mate,  and  as  I'ar  hack  as  1.S56  an  item  appears  on  thai 
vener.able  steamer's  loij  statin.i;  th.at  the  first  ollicer.  Mr.  Lewis,  hy  oriler  ol*  the  chief  faito,. 
hail  ^oiie  on  hoanl  the  i'niteil  .States  steamship  .J/,7\V(^7//M(7/\  to  ]>iIot  her  up  the  I'rase.  Ki\er. 
After  the  arrival  of  the  steamship  I  ahoueheie  !\Ir,  Lewis  w.-is  niailc  c.aptain  ami  ran  her  lor  a 
j(reat  main  \ears.  trading'  in  the  .North.  1-roiii  iliis  service  he  went  to  the  sifiewheeU'r  tintei- 
priw.  rnnninti  to  New  Westminster,  ami  was  in  chariie  of  the  Otter  on  the  same  ronie  for  a 
.short  time.  His  last  commaml  iu  the  service  of  the  Hmlsoii's  May  Company  w;is  the  Pri/tee.^'i 
/.oui^e.  from  which  he  resiLiiieil  to  accept  a  pleasanter  herth  on  shm-e 

'■  .Mr.  Harrv  tiliile  of  \'ictoria.  to  whom  we  arc  imlehteil  for  much  valn.'ihh'  ilat.i 
reKardin^  the  e.irh-  career  of  tlie  steamers  lleiiver  ami  Ottri .  was  horn  in  ICn.vil.iml  in  iS.Vs-  In 
1S50  he  lieyan  an  appienticcsliip  with  the  Huilson's  Hay  Company  on  the  hark  I'niue  <>!'  Il'ii/es, 
anil  was  transfenc'l  from  there  to  the  steamer  Otter  in  iS,S2,  coming  to  the  Pacific  with  her 
the  following  M'ar.  The  Novate  out  was  an  eventful  one  for  tiliile.  'I'he  c:iptaill  was  inloxi- 
c.'tteil  almost  constantly  from  thi-  lime  tlu-y  left  the  'riiames  until  they  were  well  into  the 
Pai'ific.  ami  niaiU'  such  a  loii^  p.issa^e  that  all  of  the  crew  with  the  i  \ceiitioii  of  rrliite  were 
down  with  the  scurvy.  This  ihrew  niiicli  additional  work  on  the  apjireiitice  .Mthonj.jh  the 
vessel  left  hji^land  in  Decemher.  1S52.  it  was  not  until  the  following  August  that  she  entered 
the  slr.iits.  Here  she  narrowl\'  escaped  destruction,  beiniii  caught  hy  a  strong;  tide  and  swept 
through  het\\ei-ii  'I'aloosh  Island  and  the  inainlaml,  forlunaudy  without  injury,  and  on  , 
tillde  continued  in  the  service  of  the  Hudson's  M;i\-  Compain-  after  his  arri\ai  and  received 
British  Colnmhia.      It  is  d.ited  July,  1S5S,  and  w.is  issued  liy   Sir   lames   Douglas  and   C.ipt.i 


ITAKIO'    C.I. Mil 


Vii^ust   ith 
llu'  first    p 
I'revost 


she  I'cached 
dot's  ceitilic 
of  H.  M    S 


Victoria.  Mr. 
lie  granted  in 
IHnmpr 


I  hi 


IIV 
an 

str 

w 

the 

as 

So 

sui 

si.l 


Steam  Navigation  on  Upper  Willamette,  Rapid  Growth  of  River  Business 


47 


uring  the  hi}; 
ed  enterprise, 
ler  to  include 


ptain  Miller, 
iionths  later, 
e  the  />'ra:rr 
became  more 
an  Kranci.seo 
d  She  con- 
:ie  intere.st  of 
is.  She  was 
who  took  her 
and  others, 
eamboating, 

New  Wesl- 
s  freciuently 
trips  on  this 
c  near  Bella 
y  the  nnder- 
nrchasing  it 

and  shut  a 

liter  which 
oria.     Here 

;iys  in  the 
who  linally 
June,  i.Stjo, 
lo  came  out 
are  still 


I 


living  in  Victoria,  and  they  love  to  relate  the  exploits  of  the  little  flyer  which  sailed  away  from  the  I'lying  Cloud 
and  several  other  crack  skimmers  of  the  sea  which  rounded  Cape  Morn  at  the  time  the  Oiler  came  through  the 
straits,  but  failed  to  reach  San  Francisco  until  several  days  after  her  arrival.  Steam  was  used  but  little  on  the 
way  out,  and  it  took  nearly  a  month  for  the  vessel  to  make  lier  way  through  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  While  there 
the  crew  went  on  shore  and  found  several  tons  of  coal,  which  had  probably  been  left  for  some  other  nurjio.se;  but, 
as  it  was  needed,  they  did  not  stop  to  iiKpiire  to  whom  it  might  belong  During  the  Indian  war  on  the 
Sound,  the  Oiler  was  chartered  by  the  I'nited  States  at  a  stiijend  of  S300  per  day.  She  created  considerable 
surprise  among  the  Indians,  who  could  not  understand  her  ])ropelliug  power,  which  was  so  unlike  that  of  the 
sidewheeled  /}enier. 

The  growing  trade  of  the  Umpqua  induced  the  establishment  of  a  regular  service  to  that  point  in  the  fall 
(if  1S53,  the  steamship  /'reiiioiil  making  two  round  trips  per  month  from  San  iMancisco.  The  sailing  fleet 
jilying  between  San  Franci.sco  and  northern  jiorts  included  a  number  of  vessels  whose  names  for  years  were 
household  words.  Among  them  were  the  brigs  /.  A',  /.loit.'  running  to  Milwaukie,  in  command  of  J.  C.  Daggett ; 
:.ii.uj>i  Ahixal,''  Capt.  Paul  Coriio;  /•'rciiieisfo,'"  Capt.  H.  I'",  Smith:  Greeiaii,"  Captain  Phillips;  barks  C/nis.  Pei'eiis.'' 
Captain  Richardson:  A'(f//«w/Y(f;','' Capt.  Thomas  Johnson;  .liiieriean.  Captain  Kirby;  .Uiilorv.  Captain  Hurd; 
and  the  schooner  Mallhe^i- 
i'ds.urr."  Captain  Dodge. 

Plying  to  Puget  Sound 
ports  were  the  brigs  Ceti.  /('. 
A'liiiliill.  in  command  of 
Capt.  A.  I).  Gove  ;  ( >A>/, 
Captain  Dryden :  the  bark 
Sani/i  Worrell.  Capt.  Warren 
CiOve,  and  .several  others, 
including,  with  the  Portland 

llu'  sill  (iT  .\iij,'iist  (if  that  year 
ho  s:iiU'<l  ciiiht  harks  ami  t\V(( 
si-liiioiKTs  into  \'icl(>ria  Ilarhor,  all 
Iroiii  San  l"rancisi.'ii ;  and,  when 
llu'v  wciv  (lisi'harneil  he  took 
tlii-ni  (lilt  ayain,  there  hein.e  tio 
Idwhoats  in  tliose  days.  In  1S61 
he  married  a  dan.nhter  iif  the  late 
Rohert  I,aiii<,f,  who  had  joined  her 
r.illuT  at  X'ietoria  in  1S34.  Mr. 
("ilide  left  the  water  several  years 
a.140  and  at  ]>resent  is  living  in 
('()nlented  retirement  in  a  snny 
linnie  overlooking  theentranee  l(( 
the  harhor  into  whieh  he  sailed 
over  forly  ye.ars  a.y;o. 

^The  hriy  /.  A'.  /.«;;/, 
which  (Japlain  1  l.ii;i;itt  hninnht 
to  ;\Iihvaukie  in  iS.s.V  was  hnilt  at 
r.iadl'ord.  Me.,  in  I.S4y.  She  was 
owned  h\  Capt.  .\.  I!.  Riehardson 
and  Cor>  Willision  and  was  ahonl 
tw-)  Innidred  tons  hnrden.  Riih- 
atiNon  took  eoinniand  in  iSsj  and 

i.in  her  lor  several  vears.  most  of  .X.  C.  F^iriisworlli  i.  c.  Mii-ll.r  clias.  r:iKv;u.ls 

the  tiinedurinK'theiirties  in  .\her-  '-'"'•'  «''*  "*"  I'n-ois.  i--; 

nelhy's  p.ieket  line.    lie  was  snoeeeded  liy  Cajilain  Mel/j,'er.  who  was  aUeiward  inasterol'  I'aeilu'  Mail  steamers  on  the  northern  routes. 

"The  tiri,!,'  Siisiiii  .  !/</:;,:/,  another  of  the  lanioiis  c.iasiinK  paekels  ol'  e.irlv  da  vs.  eaine  r.innd  the  Horn  in  1S51.  .md  entered 
the  Colnmhia  River  .and  l'n>,'et  Sonnd  trade  in  iS,s5.  in  eommand  ol  Capt.  Paul  Corno^  the  lirsl  lni;lic>at  man  on  the  Columbia  River. 
The  liri};  eanie  to  a  tra^ie  end,  heillK  eaptnred  and  hurued  ill  Jillv,  iShs.  hv  the  rehcl  eruiser  Sli,ii,iihl,hill.  which  was  then  1,-avinn  a 
nery 'rail  of  terror  in  the  North  Pacilic  Ocean, 

'"The  hriy  /O, ;«,/>,<),  liuill  in  Townselnl.  Me.,  in  I.Sp).  wa-  [ihoul  160  tons  register,  ei^lilv  four  feel  lonn,  twelllv-twd  feet 
lieaiii  and  eii^lil  led  hold.  She  came  lo  Portland  in  iSs.!  in  conim  md  of  Capl.iin  I!.  I'.  Sinilii.  .lud  was  owned  hv  Massachusetts 
people  when  she  lirst  appeared,  lint  afterward  [lisscI  inlo  llic  liamls  of  I'ortlanders.  She  coulillued  in  the  c('.astin!;  trade  for 
several  years  111  eommand  of  Captains  I.ilihv  ,md  Richmond,  wlio  succeeded  Smilll,  file  latter  reined  from  Ihc  ~c,i  and  did  in 
Portland  alter  niakin.u  a  comfortahle  fortune. 

"The  lirix;  (ntrhiii.  owned  hv  Heniamin  Stark,  was  built  in  I'itlslon.  Me.,  in  i.S^S,  and  re.nislered  22^)  tons.  She  arrived 
here  lirsl  in  i.S.si  111  c.unmaud  of  Capt.  Sam  T.  Kissam,  and  in  iSj?  r.in  in  eharKe  of  Captain  IMiillip.s. 

'The  hark  CV/.;v  />,reii\  one  of  the  speediest  of  the  earlv  s.iiliui,' vessels,  arrived  at  San  1-rincisco  from  New  <  hleaus  in 
i\ii,  and  lorseveuleeii  ve.lr■^  w.is  cousianilv  in  the  coastini,'  Ir.ide.  She  revristered  j'n  Ions.  Her  lenuih  w.i^  (Uie  hundred  and  live 
Icel  three  inches,  heaiii  twenty-live  feel,  depth  of  hold  eiiveii  feet.  Her  lirsl  c.iptaiu  on  the  Co.isi  w.is  .\bel  Richards. m,  well  and 
I  i\or,ihlv  kuoHii  amoiijr  ])ioneer  inariiiers  in  the  Norlhwest.  I'ollowinn  Richard-.iii,  the  hark  was  commanded  hv  Capl.iin-,  Ile.il- 
■'■•■  iioMs,  llovev,  and  others.      Like  many  of  the  old-timers  she  mel  with  .111  nukind  file,  and  in  Maivli.  rS7o,  beiiij.;   de 

out  over  Coos  lla\'  bar 


KITS 


.Mlri.l  Crnsl.v 


uilll  hnnber,  was  wrecked  while  allemptiiij;  t< 

The  bark    .\'.lliiiiiii;;ii; .  I.iiili    .at    I'ltlslou 


beiili.;    deeply   laden 


line  of  packets  and   for 
on  u.is   her  lirsl   iiiasur 


cloria.     .Mr. 
jirauted  in 

fUl/^i-l.      Oil 


, Me.,  in    1S4S,  was  mie  of  tlie  first  of  Ihc    .Mienielbv 

-cverd  vc.irs  m.ide  re>;iilar  trips  between  I'orlland,  San  hVaucisco,  and  I'linel  Scuiiid  pons.     Thomas  hdni- 
iMcrc(Mniii.i;  lo  the  Co.ist,  and  was  succeeded  h\  .\rlhiir,  Williams  and  Reed. 

file  schooner  ,}f.il/lii\c  Fii^^ir.   (me   liuudred   and  ei:.,dileen   tons  re.uisler.  seveiitv-si\    t'cel    loni;,  tweiilv  lluee   feel  two 
■  lie  les  bciiii,  seven  feel  ei),'ht  inches  hold,  was  built  at  I'oiiKdikeepsie,  \.  V.,  in  iS4fi.     Capt.'  .-\le\aii.ler   Hodxe  w.is  her  lir-.|  niisier 
n.l  owner,  Capt.  Ceorge  Trofatter  and  others  siicceediiiK  liim. 


wfm 


M* 


ni 


48 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  IVorthwest 


and  Victoria  fleet,  the  brigs  .l,^a/i\  Captain  Johnson;  .Uol,  Captain  Hall;  .Homo,  Captain  Demies;  Daniel, 
Captain  Ledne,  hailing  from  Milwaukie;  Dracut,  Captain  Cottier,  in  the  Inmber  trade  from  the  Columbia: 
Dudley,  Captain  Staples;  HodirJcn,  Captain  Farnum;  Josephine,  Captain  Collins;  /.  W.  Havener,  Captain  Bagley; 
Nonpareil,  Captain  Brewes;  l^otomac.  Captain  Slocum;  Sof>liia,  Captain  Collons;  Tigress,  Captain  Dewing;  and 
Vandalia,  Captain  Beard.  Engaged  chiefly  in  the  oyster  trade  were  the  schooners  Kalama,  Captain  Folsoni; 
J.  Af.  RycrsoH,  Captain  Badger;  Maryland,  Captain  Davis;  Sophia,  Captains  West  and  Collins;  the  schooner 
Quadratns,  Captain  Given,  carrying  coal  to  .St.  Helens  for  the  Pacific  Mail  Company.  The  barks  Louisiana,  Capt. 
A.  Williams;  Alabama,  Captain  Falkenberg;  llurham,  Captain  Marshall;  Ocean  Bird.  Captain  Powless;  and  the 
brig  S.  R.  Jackson,  Captain  Simp.son,  were  also  on  this  route. 

The  schooner  Spray,  Captain  Hall,  arrived  in  the  Columbia,  taking  the  first  cargo  of  lumber  sent  to 
Australia  from  the  Northwest.  The  schooner  luidorus.  Captain  vSeaman,  also  loaded  lumber  at  Moore's  Mill  on 
the  /.Cu'is  and  Clarke,  the  schooner  Harriet  at  Hunt's  Mills,  Cathlamet,  and  the  bark  Success,  then  in  command 
of  Captain  Coupe,  left  Shoalwater  Bay  laden  with  piles.  The  l)ark  Josephine  arrived  at  Victoria  from  Honolulu 
with  a  cargo  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  the  ship  Xornian  Morrison  returned  from  Kngland  with  two 
hundred  colonists.  The  Nanaimo  coal  mines,  which  had  sliipped  a  sample  of  coal  to  San  Francisco  in  the 
Recovery  the  preceding  year,  now  sent  over  two  thousand  tons  to  that  port,  tlie  ship  William  taking  the  first  entire 
cargo.  The  cost  was  $1 1  per  ton  at  Nanaimo  and  528  in  ,Sau  Francisco.  The  harks  .hneriean''  and  Cullonia,  and 
the  ship  Robert  Burton,  arrived  from  New  York  with  freight  and  passengers  for  Portland,  Vancouver  and  Astoria. 

Previous  to  and  even  after  the  arrival 
of  the  steamer  I'airy  on  the  .Sound,  the  pas- 
senger and  mail  service  between  Olympia, 
Victoria  and  Bellingham  Bay  was  performed 
by  the  sloop  Sarah  Stone,  plying  regularlj'  in 
command  of  Capt.  Thomas  Slater,  who,  with 
Henry  Webber,'"  had  the  mail  contract.  An 
important  arrival  on  the  Sound  was  that  of  the 
schooner  /-.  P.  Foster,  154  days  from  Boston, 
in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  P.  Keller.  She  arrived 
September  5th,  bringing  machinery  for  the 
first  mill  at  Port  Gamble.  On  board  were  the 
Captain's  wife  and  daughter,  the  first  white 
women  to  land  at  that  point.  The  Dostci 
loaded  piles  and  went  back  to  San  F'ranci.sco 
commanded  by  Captain  Talbot,  who  subse- 
ipiently  returned  with  the  schooner  Julius 
I'rindle.  Cyrus  Walker  coming  up  with  him. 
The  schooners  Cynosure  and  William  Allan, 
Capt.  F'ranklin  Tucker,  were  granted  register 
in  the  Puget  Sound  district.  The  former 
belonged  to  Enoch  Fowler,  master,  Gilbert 
in   1845.       The   William   Allan  was  owned  by 


COMTMlltA    B.\R    ril.ciT   SCHCJONKR   "C.\MIORNIA 


Wilson  and  William  Talbot  and  was  launched  at  Porthuid,  Me 

William  Allan  of  Bellingham  Bay  and  was  built  at  .Scituate,  Mass.,  in  18,^6. 

At  the  month  of  the  Colnml)ia  the  pilot  scliooner  Maty  '/a]'lor  wah  succeeded  by  the  schooner  California;'' 
and  in  the  latter  part  of  this  year  the  lirig  /fope  l)roke  all  previous  and  snbse<iuent  records  for  long  passages 
between  San  Francisco  and  the  Umpipia,  being  out  sixty-two  days.  The  year  1853  proved  disastrous, 
especially  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  wliere  the  Vairlalii  wa ;  wrecked,  January  i)th,  and  the  barks  .Ifindora 
and  /.  Merrithcw  perished  three  days  later,  followed  by  the  bark  Oriole  in  .September. 


''The  Iwrk  .■/»/(';V(r/«,  wliicli  came  oiil  this  year  ooii.siKiieil  to  I.,eonarcl  &  (Ireeii,  was  huill  ill  Iladilaiii,  Conn.,  in  1845. 
Her  ilimeiisioiis  wi-re  :  lLMi)^lh,  ninety  ei^ht  feet;  lieani,  twenty-six  feet :  depth,  eleven  leel.  .-Xfter  iliscliarKiiiK  her  inward  cargo 
she  IciHiled  hiinher  at  the  Oalc  Point  mills,  continning  in  that  trade  for  several  months.  She  came  (Hil  in  coniniaiKl  of  Capt.  I.eoii 
Kirliy,  who  was  sncceedeil  hy  John  WijjHintoii. 

'"  CajJt  Henry  Wehher,  of  the  iiioneer  s\oo\>  Small  Stone,  was  lioni  in  Maine  in  iS2(,  coming  lo  the  I'acilic  Coast  in  i.Ssci. 
Hecomnieneeil  his  murine  career  in  the  .N'ortliwest  on  sailing  vessels  plying  he! ween  ()lym]iia,  Victoria,  ami  Ilellinnham  Hay  points. 
He  was  sailing  master  all  through  the  Indian  war  on  the  noted  schcjoiier //.  f './'/<,'/•.  which  he  r.iii  .il'ter  he  left  the  .Srtri/A  Stioie. 
He  retired  from  marine  pursuits  several  years  ago  .'unl  was  accnleulally  killed  at  Port  'rowiiseutl  in  1S9.1. 

'■  The  schooner  dili/ontia,  perliai)s  the  best  known  of  all  the  pilot  boats  that  appeareil  jit  the  motilli  of  the  Columbia,  was 
placed  on  the  bar  in  the  spring  of  iSyv  She  w.is  built  at  Sloniugion,  Conn.,  in  1S4S,  ami  was  abciul  eighty  toils  register, 
sixty. four  feet  in  length,  nineteen  feet  four  inches  beam,  and  si-vcu  feet  ten  inches  hold.  Her  first  master  was  Cajit  Cieorge 
Flavel.  and  the  enrollment  at  the  .Vsloria  cnslom-lionse  credits  him  with  tlireefoiirtlis  ownership  and  Alfred  Crosby  w  ilh  one-fonrlli. 
Conrad  Hoelling  afterward  appeared  as  an  owner,  and  in  |S5,(  Ca]Uaiii  Ilnsller  held  a  ipiarter  interest,  which  he  disposed  of  in  i-S^O 
to  A  C.  I'arnsworth.  Hustler  and  Crosby  were  again  in  proprietorship  of  the  vessel  in  1H6S.  when  her  last  license  was  granted. 
.\11  of  the  original  pilots  on  the  schooner  have  made  their  last  jiort,  lait  there  are  still  a  few  living  who  were  connected  with  her  in 
the  fifties.  .Vinoug  them  may  be  mentioned  .\.  J.  Helniout,  who  was  also  one  of  the  owners  of  the  /\'al<honi,  the  lirsl  bar  tug  on 
tile  Colnmbia.  I*'or  the  last  twenty  years  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  .Steam  N.'ivigation  Company  and  its  successors. 
N.  C.  Kofoed  of  Ilwaeo  was  one  of  her  crew,  holding  the  jiositiou  of  boalkeeper  for  several  years,  as  did  also,  for  n  short  time, 
1'.  Iv  I'erchen,  the  well  known  river  pilot. 


Steam  Navigation  on  Upper  Willamette,  Rapid  Growth  of  River  Business 


49 


ies;  Danirl, 
\  Columbia; 
tain  Bagley; 
)ewing;  and 
lin  Folsoni; 
le  schooner 
siana,  Capt. 
;ss;  and  the 

ber  sent  to 
ire's  Mill  on 
:n  commantl 
n  Honolulu 
ul  with  two 
nsco  in  the 
e  first  entire 
iilhiiia,  and 
ind  Astoria. 
•  the  arrival 
nd,  the  pas- 
n  Olynipia, 
s  performed 
regularly  in 
r,  who,  with 
)n  tract.  An 
s  that  of  the 
rom  Boston, 
She  arrived 
lery  for  the 
ard  were  the 
!  first  white 
The  Fostn 
n  Francisco 
who  subse- 
loner  Jitliiis 
with  him. 
'iam  A I  hi  It, 
|teil  register 
file  former 
er,  Gilbert 
owned  by 

aliio>  iiiii;' 

|.i;   passages 

disastrous, 

IS  .l/zmfom 


■ill.,  ni  i,S45. 
^iiward  earn" 
Capt.  I. eon 

|()ast  in  1H50. 

Hay  points 

larif//   .S'Ai«('. 

Iliinihta,  was 
Ins  re|j;istt'r, 
|a])t  Geor^ff 
1  one-fonrlli. 

\i\  of  in  iHs'i 
granted. 

Iwitli  lier  in 
bar  tuj;  on 

J  successors. 

Isliort  time. 


The  bark  VandaHa  from  San  Francisco,  E.  N.  Beard,  master,  was  lost  January  9.  'S.S.V  She  was  last 
.seen  by  the  Grecian  on  that  day  standing  in,  and  .several  days  later  the  hull  was  found  bottom  up  on  the 
beach  near  NfcKenzie's  head.  Four  bodies  came  ashore,  among  them  the  Captain's  and  that  of  a  boy  fourteen  years 
old.  The  Indians  were  kept  from  plundering  the  wreck  by  Me.ssrs.  Holman,  Meldrum  and  Scudder  and  Colonel 
Stewart  of  Pacific  City.  Exact  particulars  of  the  accident  will  never  be  known,  as  there  were  no  survivors.  It 
i^  supposed  that  the  bark  missed  stays  while  beating  in  and  drifted  into  the  breakers,  where  she  sprang  a  leak  and 
afterward  foundered. 

The  bark  MWora,  Captain  George  Staples,  was  wrecked  January  12,  1853,  while  on  her  way  from  San 
Francisco  to  Portland.  After  lying  off  the  bar  for  twenty-eight  days,  she  crossed  in  with  a  strong  breeze  and 
proceeded  as  far  as  Sand  Island,  when  the  wind  died  out  and  she  anchored.  A  strong  current  caused  by  the 
ebb  tide  and  freshet  started  her  to  dragging,  and  she  went  on  the  middle  sands,  striking  at  ,S:oo  p.  m.  The  sea  was 
breaking  over  her  .so  heavily  that  the  Captain  and  crew  were  forced  to  abandon  her  at  10:00  o'clock  and  goto 
Astoria.  When  the  pilot  boat  went  down  the  next  morning  she  had  disappeared.  The  wreck  afterward 
drifted  out  to  sea  and  came  a.shore  between  Shoalwater  Bay  and  Gray's  Harbor. 

The  bark  /.  M,r>illi,-a\  Capt.  Samuel  Kis.sam,  sailed  from  San  Francisco,  December   18,  1852,  with   128 
tons  of  general  merchandise.     She  arrived  off  the  Columbia  bar,  December  30th,  at  9:00  i-.  m.,  but  on  account  of 
lieavy  weather  stood  off  and  on  until  January  12th.     On  that  morning,  seeing  no  pilot,  and  having  a  fair  wind 
and  flood  tide,  she  sailed  in  as  far  as  the  red  buoy  on  Clatsop  Spit, 
when  the  wnid  gave  out,  and  she  was  forced  to  anchor.     Site  came 
ill  like  the  Mindota,  but  anchored  a  little  south  of  her  position  and 
dragged  on  the  middle  sands,  lying  there  until  the  ebb  tide,  pound- 
ing.    The  masts  were  cut  away,  and  she  lay  easier,  although  the 
sea  made  a  clean  breach   over  her.      At  9:00  a.  m.  the  pilot  boat 
rescued  the  crew,  and  during  the  day  a  southeast  gale  finished  the 
work  of  destruction.     Her  hull  afterward  drifted  seaward  and  finally 
came  in  near  Cape  Disappointment. 

The  brig  l\oanokr  was  en  ronlc  from  San  Francisco  with  a 
cargo  of  general  mercliandi.se  in  charge  of  Captain  Barrett,  and  had 
alreadv  nearly  broken  all  records  for  long  passages,  having  been 
out  fifty  days,  when  she  attempted  to  cross  into  the  Umpqua,  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1853.  The  unfortunate  ves.sel  was  wrecked  on  the  bar, 
and  only  a  portion  of  the  cargo  was  saved.     The  crew  escaped. 

The  brig  l^'timvinvr,  which  was  wrecked  at  Rose  Spit  in 
.\ngusl,  1S53,  was  a  coinjiaratively  new  vessel,  having  arrive<l  at 
Victoria  from  iMigland  in  May.  In  August  she  left  for  h'ort  Simp- 
son in  cominand  of  Captain  Reed."  Captain  Swanson  went  up  with 
her  as  pilot,  as  he  was  familiar  with  the  waters  of  the  North, 
while  Reed  was  a  new  man.  The  night  of  the  wreck  there  was  a 
good  stretch  of  water  ahead,  and,  after  giving  the  course  to  the 
(liiartenuaster  and  to  Reed,  Swanson  went  to  his  berth  for  a  iia]i. 
No  sooner  had  he  retired  than  Reed  changed  the  course  and  in 
short  order  had  the  brig  agrouiul.  The  wind  was  blowing  a  gale,  and  it  set  her  on  the  spit  with  such  force  that 
it  was  impo.ssible  to  float  her.  .\  l)oat  was  sent  to  Fort  Simpson,  and  the  ^(Vftvv  was  disiiatched  to  the  .scene. 
The  Indians  claimed  the  wreck,  but  Captain  Dodd,  with  an  eye  to  the  business  interests  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  alter  drenching  her  with  oil  set  fire  to  her.  The  news  of  the  disaster  did  not  reach  Victoria  until 
October,  and  on  the  arrival  of  the  crew  Captain  Reed  was  promptly  dismissed  from  the  service  of  the  company, 
and  Swanson  was  exonerated. 

The  schooner  W'illaintlli-  was  a  [.So-ton  ves.sel  en  ionic  from  San  Fninci.sco  to  .Shoalwater  Bay  in  charge  of 
Captain  N'ail.  .She  made  a  rattling  passage  up,  and  four  days  out  from  the  Bay  City  ran  into  Gray's  Harbor  by 
mistake.  After  lying  there  fourteen  days  awaiting  better  weather,  she  attempted  to  cross  out  early  in  .September, 
missed  stays  and  stranded.  Two  seamen,  in  attempting  to  reach  shore  in  the  small  boat,  were  drowned.  The  rest 
of  the  crew  remained  on  the  ves.sel  until  their  provisions  were  exhausted,  and  lliey  were  rescued  in  a  starving 
condition  by  a  .settler  on  the  harbor. 

The  bark  Orhlc.  Lewis  H.  Leiitz,  master,  from  San  Franci.sco  for  Astoria  with  building  materials  for  the 
C;ipe  Disappointment  lighthouse,  was  wrecked  September  19,  t.^^^-.  She  sailed  from  San  Francisco,  August 
-"^lli,  and  arrived  off  the  Coliinil)ia  bar,  .Septemlier  iStli.  She  took  Pilot  h'lavel  aboard  that  night  at  9:011  p.  m. 
:ind  stood  off  and  on  until  daylight  of  the  nineteenth.  At  noon  she  caught  a  southwest  breeze  and  scpiared  away 
lor  till,  bar,  entering  at  ,v""  '"•  M-     The  wind  died  out,  and,  the  ebb  making  fast  with  a  heavy  sea,  slie  dragge 


C.AITAIN  Swanson 


(1  to 


ni 


"Capt.  James  M.  Reed,  who  was  iu  cominanil  of  tlie  Vaiicouz'er  when  she  was  wrecked,  was  lioni  in  tlic  Orkney  Isles  in 


IS'.V  iuitl  made  liis  first  trip  to  the  Northwest  in  1S52  011  the  unfortunate  ]'iiii 


mile  1 


.\fter  the  loss  of  llu 


cl  hi 


liiiess  at  \'ict<iria,  reinaiiiin^  there  ntitil  his  ileath  in  1S6S. 


cngam' 


1  in 


I, 


^\ 


50 


Lewis  cf  Dryckn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


CvVlT.    K.    M.    WIIITK 


leeward,  striking  very  heavily  on  the  south  sands  in  seventeen  and  one-half  feet  of  water.  The  rndder  was 
unslii,  ped,  she  was  leaking  badly,  and  the  tide  was  setting  her  out  to  sea  rapidly.  As  she  had  hetcni 
unmanageable  the  crew  al)andoned  her,  and  just  outside  the  liar,  in  five  and  one-half  fathoms  of  water,  she  rolltd 
over  on  her  beam  ends  and  sank.  Fifteen  minutes  afterward  nothing  was  out  of  the  water  but  the  tojisail 
yards.  Thirty-two  per.sons  escaped  in  boats  and  were  picked  up  by  the  pilot  .schooner  the  next  morning.  In 
appreciation  of  his  skill  in  preventing  loss  of  life.  Captain  Kent/,  prescntt'd  Captain  Flavel  with  a  fine  testimonial 
The  Peruvian  l)ark  Josrpli  ll'iirnii,  250  tons,  in  ballast  from  San  Francisco  for  X'ancouver  I.sland,  saikd 
November  13,  1.S53,  and  on  November  25th,  in  latitude  42°  ,^0',  longitude  1,^1'^  20',  was  '  knocked  down"  bv  a 

gale  and  her  decks  swept  clean.  The  masts  were  immediately  cut  away,  l)ut  slic 
remained  in  a  sinking  condition  until  the  Stli  day  of  December,  when  she  was  run 
ashore  under  a  jury  mast,  a  .short  distance  below  Vaquina  Hay.  The  second  matt 
and  three  seamen  were  drowned.  I'eter  Young,  master,  H.  I.orcnzen,  mate,  am! 
Andrew  Adams,  seaman,  came  to  Astoria  and  filed  jirotest.  The  survivors  drilled 
about  on  the  bark  for  thirteen  days  and  suffered  greatly  before  they  finally 
reached  sliore. 

The  brig  J'a/os,  from  San  Franci.sco  for  .Shoalwater  Hay  with  several 
pa.ssengers  aboard,  piled  up  on  I.eadbetter  Point  in  the  fall  of  i.Ss^  during  a  thick 
fog.  The  captain  was  drowned,  but  the  pa.ssengers  and  crew  reached  shore  in 
safety.     The  vessel  was  a  total  loss. 

In  1854  a  "steam  canoe"  was  no  longer  a  curiosity  to  the  Indians  in  the 
Northwest,  and  only  on  rare  occasions  did  they  go  out  to  welcome  the  mariner^ 
with  tomahawks  as  in  olden  times.  Instead  they  crowded  aboard  whenever  a 
vessel  appeared,  begging  tobacco,  firewater  and  other  luxuries,  freriuently  helpinj; 
the  crew  to  load  and  unload.  It  was  about  this  time  that  many  of  the  lirst 
families  of  Washington  received  the  names  which  they  have  since  borne.  The 
jocular  crews  chri.stened  them  Daniel  Webster,  Andrew  Jackson,  deneral  Washington,  etc.,  and,  gradually 
becoming  accustomed  to  the  new  titles,  they  adopted  them. 

This  year  witnessed  an  innovation  in  Northwestern  steaniboating,  —  the  building  ol  the  first  sternwheeler. 
Prior  to  this  date  propellers  and  sidewheelers  were  the  only  steam  craft  which  had  been  tried  here  ;  Inn 
Captain  Ainsworth  and  Jacob  Kamm  concluded  that  sternwheelers  were  better  adapted  to  the  river  busines> 
than  the  other  styles.  An  experience  of  over  forty  years  has  since  proved 
the  wisdom  of  their  theory.  They  built  the  Jennie  Clark  at  Milwaukie, 
on  the  same  spot  where  the  Lot  W'hUeomb  was  constructed;  and  after 
her  completion  she  was  placed  on  the  Oregon  City  route  with  Ainsworth 
in  command,  where  she  continued  for  several  years.  In  1S62  she  enjoyed 
the  distinction  of  being  the  first  regular  seaside  boat,  making  a  weekly 
trip  to  Clatsop  Landing  on  the  Lewis  and  Clarke  River.  This  was  after 
the  steamer  had  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Na\igation 
Company,  and  was  almost  her  last  work,  as  she  went  to  the  boneyard  the 
following  year,  where,  after  her  engines  had  been  removed  and  .sent  up 
the  country  to  furnish  power  for  the  pioneer  steamer  Foity-nitic,  the  old 
hull  remained  until  October,  1865,  when  it  was  burned  for  the  iron.  The 
feiDiie  Clark  was  a  primitive  boat  compared  with  the  sternwheelers  which 
followed  her.  but,  owing  to  the  fact  that  she  was  jilanned  by  two  of  the 
most  successful  and  practical  steamboatmen  that  ever  followed  the  river,  —  ' 

few  of  the  prominent  features  of  her  construction  have  sime  been  improved 
upon.     The  steamer's  dimensions  were  :  length,  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
feet;    beam,  eighteen  feet  six  inches;    depth,  four  feet.     Her  machinery 
(12x48  engines)  was  brought  from  Haltimore.       A  one-half  interest  in 
the    .steamer   was   owned    by    Jacoli    Kamm,    and   one-fourth   each   by 
Captain  Ainsworth  and  Abernethy  &  Clark.     Kamm  afterward  sold  three- 
sixteenths  to  Josiah  Myrick,  who  took  command,  and  Aiiisworth's  share  ''"''   '"  "   '"'"'■ 
was  purchased  by  Theodore  Wygant.       Another  fine  but  short-lived  steamer,  the  dasellr,  was  put  on  the  upper 
Willamette,  but  went  skyward  in  one  of  the  most  terrible  boiler  exi)losions  whicli  ever  occurred  in  Oregon.     'I'Ik 
Citizens'  Accommodation   Line  was  running  the  steamers  C'anrn/ali,  Capt.  George  IC.  Cole,  and   the  Fraiiklm. 


/ 


'^ 


^-. 


'■'The  Bteamcr  Fnviklin  H-a.s  luiilt  ,il  Camiiiiili  in  1.S5.1,  .■uid  slarU-d  on  till'  njiper  WiU.iniotlc  in  the  Tail  in  roninian'l  "I 
Cajjt.  C.  v..  Swcit/or,  wlio  was  suc('t't'<U-il  1>\'  Ca])t.  I\.  M.  W'liile.  .She  was  owiieil  1)\-  .M.  M.  MeL"ar\er,  Jenniniis  MoCarvcr.  iii-i 
!•;.  M.  While,  anil  ret,'islcrucl  forlj -nine  Ions,  with  tlie  following  ilimensions  :  Unglh,  ninel\ -lliree  feel;  lieani,  sevenlecn  feel  si\ 
inches  ;  ilepth,  Ihree  feel. 


Steam  Navigation  on  Upper  Willamette,  Rapid  Growth  of  River  Business 


51 


Capt.  U.  M.  While,"  to  Corvallis  and  Salem,  respectively.  The  Defiance  Line  had  the  steamers  W'allamct, 
Cai)lain  Hedges,  and  the  Fciiix,  Capt.  John  Miller.  The  Wal/aiinl  was  brought  over  the  falls  by  Captain  Bennett, 
.\ugust  -nl,  and  placed  on  the  Astoria  route  to  take  the  place  of  the  Lot  IVIiikomb,  which  had  been  .sold  to  California 
parties  and  started  down  the  coast  August  12th,  in  tow  of  the  steam.ship  Pcytoiiia,  Captain  Flavel  taking  her  over 
the  l,>ar.  The  IValhinuf  commenced  an  opposition  to  the  Multiwmah,  which  had  the  mail  contract,  and  the  fare  was 
reduced  to  eiglit  dollars  per  head,  with  freight  at  the  same  rate  per  ton.  In  December  the  second  sternwheelcr  was 
launched  by  Capt.  .\.  S.  Murrax  and  George  Hoyt.  vShe  was  named  the  Hxpress,''  and  Captain  Murray  operated  her 
in  the  Oregon  City  trade.  The  old  ''mhioii  was  .sold  again  this  year,  passing  into  the  hands  of  Shields  &  Priestly. 
The  steamer  /iiilc  was  plying  to  the  Cascades  to  connect  with  the  first  steamer  built  above  that  point,  the  Mary,  a 
small  sidewheeler  constructed  by  the  Hradfords  and  I<.  \V.  Coe. ''  In  command  of  Captain  Daughman,  the  Mary  ran 
in  connection  with  the  /Idle  and  the  Fashion  until  1S57,  when  she  joined  forces  with  the  Si-riorila.  While  not  so 
noted  in  a  financial  way  as  some  of  her  more  pretentious  sisters  before  and  since  her  time,  the  jy/arv  was  an  important 
factor  in  some  of  the  liveliest  Indian  skirmi.shes  in  which  the  pioneers  participated.  A  particularly  interesting 
account  of  one  of  these  diversions  is  given  in  the  following  letter  written  in  March,  iHsfi,  by  L.  W.  Coe  to 
I'.  K.  Bradford  : 

"Till'  sU'iiiiier  .l/ir/r  l,iy  in  Mill  Creek,  110  fires,  and  the  wind  hard  ashore.  Jim  Thomp.son,  John  Woodward  and  Jim 
Hfrm.'iii  were  just  Koi"K  "P  t**  ^^^^  hoA\  from  the  store  as  they  were  fired  upon.  Capt.  Dan  Iljin^jfhinan  and  Thompson  went 
.isliore  on  the  upper  side  of  theereek,  hauling'  on  lines,  when  the  firing  of  the  Indians  became  so  hot  that  they  ran  for  the  wooils.  past 
hnnan's  house.  The  fireman,  James  Linilslay,  was  shot  through  the  shoulder.  Kn^ineer  Ruckminster  .shot  an  Indian  witli  his 
rc\c)lver  on  the  ^an>;-plank  ;  and  little  Johnny  Chance,  while  climbing  upon  the  hurricme  deck  with  an  old  dragoon  pistol,  killed 
liis  Iiiilian,  Iml  was  shot  llirouKh  the  lej;  in  doinf,'  .so,  Dick  Tnrpin,  half  crazy,  probably,  taking  the  only  fjun  on  the  steamboat, 
jiiMipeil  into  a  llatlioat  lyin^;  alongside,  was  shot,  pluuKeil  overboard  and  drowned.  Fire  was  soon  started  under  the  boiler. 
and  steam  was  rising;.  .About  this  time  Jesse  Kempton  and  a  half-t)reeil  named  Hourbon,  both  wounded,  got  on  board.  .Vftcr 
suflicient  steam  to  move  was  raised,  Hardin  Chenowith  ran  up  into  the  pilot  hou.se,  and,  lyiuf;  on  the  floor,  turneil  the  wheel  .is  he 
uas  directeil  from  the  lower  deck.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  pilot  house  was  the 
l.uxA  for  the  Indians.  .As  the  steamer  turned  arounrl  and  backed  out,  he  diil  toot  that 
wlii-tle  at  them  K"od,  and  it  was  music  in  our  ears.  The  steamer  pickeil  up  Herman  from 
the  l)ank  al  ove;  and  Innian's  family,  Shepard  and  Vanderpool  all  ^ot  across  the  river 
ill  skiffs,  and,  boanlinf,'  the  .'Afrr,  went  to  The  Dalles.  .At  The  Dalles  the  .IAi» )' took  on 
lioanl  Col.  ('.cort;e  Wright,  and  troops,  and  starteil  back  for  the  Ca.sc.ides." 

By  the  time  the  Mary  reached  her  destination,  reinforcements  had 
begun  to  arrive  from  \'ancou\'er  on  the  steamer  A'c.'/c,  and  from  Portland  on 
the  Fit  ill  ion. 

The  C,a-:iUe.  which  will  live  in  history  as  the  victim  of  the  first  .se- 
rious lioiler  explosion  in  the  Xorthwe.st,  was  the  second  steamer  built  by  Page, 
Hacon  &  Company,  the  first  having  burned  on  the  stocks  at  Oregon  City. 
She  was  a  sidewheeler  with  disconnected  engines,  and  made  her  trial  trip 
.March  i.stli,  in  command  of  Captain  Robert  Hereford.  On  the  8th  of  April, 
wliile  lying  at  the  wharf  at  Canemah.  her  boiler  suddenly  exploded  with 
terrible  residts,  instantly  killing  Rev.  J.  P.  Miller  of  Albany,  Judge  Burch 
of  Luckiamute,  Mr.  Morgan  of  Rickreal,  Mr.  Hill  of  Albany,  James 
White  of  Salem,  Dan  Lowe  of  Oregon  City,  David  I'uUer  of  Portland,  C. 
Wadsworth  of  Milwaukie,  passengers  ;  Da\-id  Page,  superintendent  of  the 
Willamette  Falls  Company,  owners  of  the  boat;  John  Clemens,  pilot  of 
the  iniuilc  :  J.  M.  Fudge,  pilot  of  the  Wallaiiut :  Jacol)  Bloomer,  Mr. 
Hatch,  J.  K.  Miller,  Michael  McOee,  deckhands:  Henry  Traul,  steward:  second  engineer  Plant  and  three 
others;  wounding  Mrs.  J.  P.  Miller,  Charles  Gardner,  Robert  Pentland,  Miss  Pell,  Crawford  Dobbins,  Robert 
Shortess,  B.  F.  Nevvby  ;  Robert  Hereford,  captain  ;  John  Boyd,  mate ;  James  Partlow,  pilot :  and  John  Daly,  cabin 


Capt.  William  Dall 
steam.ship  ■'  Columbia ' 


"  Cajit.  v..  M.  White,  son  of  ,S.  ,S.  Wiiite,  who  started  one  of  the  first  regular  lines  of  sailing  vessels  between  Portland  and 
Sail  I'rancisco.  was  born  in  Illinois  in  iS.;2.  .After  cominj;  to  Oregon  he  ran  for  a  while  as  pilot  on  the  steamer  /.<'/  Whitionih. 
leiiiiiiiin;;  with  her  uiilil  the  I'laiiklin  was  built,  when  lie  bought  a  part  ownershi])  in  that  boat  and  took  oominand.  .\fter  niiiniiij; 
her  for  about  a  year  he  traded  his  interest  for  a  niercanlile  establishment  at  Oregon  City,  and  retired  from  the  river  fi»r  many  years, 
leiiiniiiig  to  the  marine  vticatiou  in  iS.So.  taking  charge  of  the  steamers  Ockiahama.  .  l/ia',  and  other  boats  of  the  Oregon  Railway 
,S;  Navigation  Company.     He  died  in  Portland  in  October,  1S91. 

'  The  steamer  A' r/i; ('(.(.  the  second  sternwheeler  built  in  the  Northwest,  was  launched  al  Oregon  City,  December  7th.  Her 
iliiiieiisions  were  :  length,  1 1 1  feet  :  beam,  twenty  feel  ;  dei>th,  four  feel.  She  registered  about  sixty-nine  tons,  and  was  built  by  a 
coiiqiaiiy  .'U  the  head  of  which  was  Capt.  .Alexander  Sinclair  Murray.  His  .-issociates  were  Captain  Washington,  John  Torrence  and 
I'.inrge  W.  Iloyl.  Murray  ran  her  for  a  while  on  the  Oregon  City  route  and  made  money.  In  iS,57  Wm.  Irving  boug.t  Torrence 
uut  and  took  eoininand,  meeting  with  some  red-hot  ojiposition  from  the  J\fiilhiointih  and  the  Jenuit'  Clark  the  Ibllowing  ^-ear.  In 
iN.sS  Irving  purchased  ^Murray's  interest  and  continued  on  the  old  route,  with  a  trip  on  Thursdays  to  Miniticello.  After  disposing 
cpf  Ills  ]iartiiershiii,  .Murray  went  to  British  CoUinibia  and  engaged  in  steamboaling,  and,  as  Irving  was  impres.sed  with  the 
tt]i]M»rliiiiilifs  in  that  region,  he  sold  the  I'l.vpri'ss  to  i)arlies  afterward  interested  in  forming  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Comjiany, 
aiifl  Cipt.  James  .Strang  ran  her  until  i.Sft^,  al  which  lime  she  was  broken  up,  and  her  engines  were  sent  to  Lake  I'en  d'Oreille  for 
llie  steamer  Mary  .Moody. 

Capt.  Lawrence  W.  Coe.  who  was  interested  in  the  steamer  Mary,  was  a  son  of  Nathaniel  Coe,  the  first  postal  agent  in 
llu  Nciilluvest.  He  was  born  in  New  York  in  i8,'<i.  and,  after  coming  to  Oregon,  served  as  purser  on  the  Foshioii  between  Portland 
and  llif  Cascades  in  i^i^.v  He  ran  the  ste.amer  Mary  fiir  about  a  year,  ami  then  sold  out  to  Hradford  ic  Co.,  entering  their  employ 
a-  luiiiager.  .About  iiSsS,  in  coujunclion  with  R.  R.  Thompson,  he  secured  the  government  contract  from  The  Dalles  up,  and 
laiill  the  steamer  Coloiiii  ll'iii;/ii,  a  full  aeeounl  of  which  will  be  found  elsewhere.  The  same  year  Ihey  completed  the  steamer 
/"( it'.'nr  at  the  Cascades,  in  i^!5i>  the  'iVnifio.  and  a  year  later  the  Okafh\tiaii.  The  interests  of  Coe  and  Thompson  on  the  middle  and 
u|>|ni  liver  were  then  consolidated  with  those  of  .Ainsworth,  Kanim.  the  Hradfords,  Kiiekel,  it  al.,  and  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Coiiii'.inv  came  into  existence.  Coe  was  appointed  manager  at  The  Dalles,  and  in  i8(>3  he  went  Mast  anil  bought  the  material  for  the 
port  iLi  mad  al  the  Cascades.  On  his  return,  having  amassed  a  comfortable  fortune,  he  disposed  of  his  possessions  in  the  Northwest 
and  u 'loved  to  San  I'ranci.seo,  where  he  has  since  resided. 


f 


■V  ' 


'    I! 


52 


Lewis  (J  Drydens  Marine  History  of  ihe  Pacific  Northwest 


boy.  A  defective  pump  and  poor  boiler  are  the  causes  to  which  the  accident  is  generally  attributed,  althoti);h 
but  little  is  known  about  it  as  the  engineer,  Moses  Toner,  hurriedly  left  the  boat  a  few  seconds  before  the 
explosion  and  disappeared,  and  the  second  engineer  was  killed.  The  catastrophe  occurred  at  ^1:40  a.  .m.,  shortly 
after  the  steamer  landed  at  Canemah  on  her  way  up  from  Oregon  City.  Several  people  aboard  of  the  Wallamrl, 
which  was  lying  alongside,  were  injured.  Toner  was  heard  of  afterward  on  the  Sound,  but  he  never  returned 
to  reveal  what  he  knew  concerning  the  disaster.  Jacob  Kamni,  who  was  engineer  on  one  of  the  Oregon  City 
boats  at  the  time,  states  that  the  iron  of  which  the  boiler  was  constructed  was  of  a  very  poor  grade,  being  wtak 
and  brittle,  and  liable  to  give  way  under  any  sudden  strain.  The  wreck  was  sold  to  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt, 
Murray,  Wells,  and  one  or  two  others,  who  launched  it  over  the  falls,  August  1 1,  1S55,  refitted  it  and  called  the 
new  craft  the  SeTiorita.  The  machinery  was  eventually  placed  in  the  Hassalo  and  larger  engines  given  to  llie 
SeTiorita. 

The  Hud.son's  Hay  Company's  steamer  Oiler  made  .several  trips  between  Victoria  and  San  Franci.sco,  carrying 
cranberries  and  other  Hritish  Columbia  products,  and  occasionally  offered  a  few  tons  of  coal  for  .sale  at  the  Hay 
City.  In  October  the  steamship  Columbia  towed  the  steamer  Wallamel  from  the  Columbia  River  to  San  Francisco, 
Captain  Hoyt  going  down  with  her. 

Better  steamboat  facilities  were  demanded  on  Puget  Sound,  and  in  the  fall  of  1854  the  steamer  flfajoi 
Tompkins  appeared  on  the  .scene  and  went  into  service  between  Olynipia,  Victoria,  and  way  ports.  She  was  a 
small  propeller  built  in  Philadelphia  in  1847.     From  there  she  was  taken  to  New  Orleans,  where  she  ran  until 

1850,  when  she  went  to  New 

York,    and    started    for   the 

Pacific.  Her  d  i  mens  ions 
were :  length,  ninety-seven 
feet  four  inches;  beam, 
twenty-three  feet  three  in- 
ches ;  depth,  seven  feet  five 
inches  ;  tonnage,  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty-one.  After  her 
arrival  on  the  Coast  .she  ran 
on  the  Sacramento  River 
until  she  was  subsidized  to 
retire  in  185  v  Tlie  following 
year  Capt.  James  M.  Hunt 
and  John  M.  Scranton  se- 
cured the  Puget  Sound  mail 
contract  and  bought  llie 
Major  to  perform  the  service. 
.She  sailed  from  the  Bay  City 
early  in  September,  in  charge 
of  her  new  proprietors,  hut 
did  not  make  a  rapid  pas- 
sage, consuming  sixteen 
days  to  the  Columbia  River 

and  nearly  three  weeks  in  reaching  her  destination.  Her  career  on  the  Sound  was  brief,  as  she  was  wrecked 
February  25,  1855,  while  going  into  Victoria  harbor,  less  than  six  months  after  her  arrival.  The  wreck  was 
sold  to  Robert  Laing,  who  saved  a  portion  of  her  machinery,  but  the  hull  was  a  total  loss. 

The  steamship  service  between  San  Franci.sco  and  Northern  points  at  this  period  was  performed  by  tlie 
Pacific  Mail  steamers  Columbia,  Capt.  William  Dall,  Republic ''^  Captain  Isham,  John  Bermingham,*  chief  engineter. 
and  Frcmonl,  Capt.  Kdward  Mellis,  the  former  as  the  regular  boat,  the  others  making  occasional  trips,  while  the 
America,  Captain  Mitchell,  and  the  Pevloiiia,  Captain  Sampson,  were  running  in  opposition.  The  America  had  jnst 
arrived  from  the  East,  and  was  working  up  a  good  business  on  the  Northern  route,  when  her  owners,  \'andewater 
&  Brown,  quarreled,  and  the  steamer  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Court  for  several  months  before  they  adjusted  tlieir 

"The  steamship  Republic,  which  the  Ricific  Mail  was  running  to  Si.  Helens,  was  a  small  siilewhecler.  She  lame  lure 
first  in  commanil  of  Capt.  J.  H.  (V.  Isliani,  and  ran  reijnlarlv  until  1857  and  afterward  at  intervals.  Her  masters  ilnring  this  period  wkk 
Ishatn,  Baby,  Lapidge,  the  Dalls,  and  others.  In  1857  she  w.is  operated  in  hot  opposition  to  the  steamship  Commodore,  owncii  liy 
John  T.  Wright,  o»i  one  occasion  racing  this  vessel  all  the  way  from  San  I'rancisco  to  Portland. 

*Jolin  nertninghani  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  a  sailing  vessel  in  1.S47,  and  has  witnessed  the  growth  of  the  steamship 
branch  of  the  marine  tnisiness  from  its  inception.  When  the  gold  excitement  made  the  Panama  route  the  richest  field  ever  ent*  reii 
by  steamships.  Captain  Bermingham  began  running  south  from  San  I'rancisco  as  engineer  on  the  steanishi])s  of  the  Pacific  Mail 
Company.  He  went  north  about  1,855  on  the  Kcpuhlic,  and  in  1855  was  on  the  Portland  route  again  as  chief  engineer  of  the  /'aiiunhi 
with  Capt.  I'.  R.  Baby,  and  in  1856  was  on  the  Columbia  of  the  same  line  with  Capt.  William  Dall.  In  September,  1.856,  he  left  his 
steamer  and  assisted  the  Bradfords  in  their  steamboat  euterprises  on  the  Columbia  River,  returning  to  San  I'rancisco  the  same  'e.ir 
and  joining  the  steamship  Golden  .tge  as  chief  engineer,  remaining  with  her  on  the  Panama  line  for  five  years,  anil  in  1S61  re i  red 
from  the  water.  He  has  for  many  years  held  the  position  of  Supervising  Inspector  of  Steam  Vessels,  with  heaihpiarter  in 
San  Francisco,  ami  is  well  known  to  everv  marine  man  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 


Stkamship  "  RKrtlii.lc' 


i 
4 


■\ 


ilifficu 

rc'iiaini 

>ailed 

James 

Joiin 

.1   CTL'W 

extract 


1..  get 
rillamo 
lir.ivv  S 
I.  IV  by 
|iMnip> 
iiiickels 
Di-.'i-inli 
t<'r\  ;  el 
uinil  nil 
111  lell 
l.r^!cll  111 
oil  broai 
ijuiet. 
went  tn  ]| 


1,  althoujTh 
s  before  the 
,  M.,  shortly 
e  Wallanifl, 
er  returned 
3regon  City 
being  weak 
•hard  Hoyt, 
(1  called  the 
Tiven  to  the 

ico,  carrying 
B  at  the  Day 
II  Francisco, 

anier  Majoi 
She  was  a 
ihe  ran  until 
ivent  to  Xtw 
ted    for    the 
i  in  e  n  s  i  o  n  s 
ninety-seven 
hes;    beam, 
jt    three   in- 
ven  feet  five 
s,    one   luin- 
e.    After  her 
'oast  she  ran 
iiento     River 
ubsidized  to 
'he  following 
M.  Hum 
ranton    se- 
Sound  mail 
bought  the 
the  service. 
;he  Bay  City 
in  charge 
irietors,  hut 
rapid   pas- 
si  x  t  e  e  n 
imbia  River 
IS  wrecked 
wreck  was 

nied  by  tlie 
"engineier, 
while  the 
iia  had  just 
Tandewaler 
justed  their 

le  came  lu-re 
.  period  «ete      g^ 
7r,  owiR'il  in* 


steamship 
ever  eiitt  ictl 
Pacific  :Mail 
the  /'aiit!'ii,i 
1,  he  left  liis 
le  same  ^  ear 
lS6i  rcl  rcit 
li|uarter    in 


Steam  Navigation  on  Upper  Willamettfi,  Rapid  Growth  of  River  Business 


5i 


ilifliculties.     She  was  finally  sold  to  Lucas,  Turner  &  Co.  for  $y,s,ooo.     In  the  fall  the  old  Panama  liner  Isllimiis, 

run  anted  the  SoHllu'iner,  took  the  J'n/oiiia'.i  place,  but  was  lost  by  Captain  Sampson  near  Cape  Flattery.     She 

>ailL(l  from  San  Francisco  on  her  last  trip  December  2oth,  with  the  following  officers  :     F.  A.  Samp.son,  captain  ; 

lames  Freeborn,  purser;  J.   L.  Foster,  first  officer;   N.J.  Hlai.sdell,  second  officer;    F.  Clayton,  chief  engineer; 

jiihii  llardling,  assistant  engineer  ;  William  Thompson,  steward  ; 

,1  crew  of  nineteen,  and  twt  iity -eight  pa.ssengers.     The  following 

(..•itract  from  her  log  tells  the  story  of  her  last  trip  ; 

"  .M  liiireka  Dccemher  22il.  .\t  Cresiint  City  I)eceiiil)er  2,vl.  t'nalile 
In  m'l  in  at  I'ort  Orlbril  or  I'm|)i|ua,  si>  went  on  for  the  Cohinil>ia.  I'assed 
rUl.iniouk  Head  at  lo  a.m.  Dcceiiihcr  25  ;  oir  Columbia  bar  at  1  i'.  M.,  with 
hi  ivv  S.  W.  swell.  Ilngines  out  of  line  an<l  racked  liy  the  swell ;  leaking. 
I.iv  l)v  imtil  <>  !'•  M-,  a'lil,  as  could  not  t{et  in,  ran  for  I'unel  Sound  with  all 
|)ulii)is  working.  .\t  lo  I'.  M.  t^Hining  so  that  I)assen^;ers  had  to  hail  with 
Ijiickcls  and  throw  cargo  overlio.ird.  Kept  water  down  to  engine  room  lloor. 
pcicmlier  2hlh  at  dayliglil  sighted  land  twenty-six  miles  sonth  of  Cape  I'lal- 
tiTv  ;  engines  working  very  slowly  ;  stood  along  the  coast  close  hauled  to 
uiiid  initil  I  1'.  M.,  when  leak  gained  too  fast  and  stern  began  to  drop.  Ran 
in  Icn  miles  .S,  Iv  of  Cape  I'lattery  and  anchored  in  seven  fallioms ;  sandy 
liculi  under  Ice.  Sea  broke  over  and  she  dragged  ;  .slippe<l  chains  ami  went 
nil  broailside.  Cut  away  mast  and  smokestack,  and  the  tide  fell  and  left  her 
ijiiiet.  .At  daylight  everybody  got  ashore  safely,  and,  the  sea  rising,  she  soon 
wcnl  to  pieces." 

Four  small  vessels  which  afterward  became  very  well  known 

ill  the  Northwest  were  built  011  Puget  Sound  in  1H34.     They  were 

llic .schooners//.  ('.  Page,''  Capt.  Henry  Roeder  ;"  the  ./.  )'.  'I'lask-," 

Capt.  James  Keymes  ;  the /;"«////«• /'a'Xw,'' Capt.  James  Jones  ;  and 

the  sloop  Col.  Ebiy,"  Capt.  I,.  B.  Hastings.''     Many  of  the  vessels 

111' the  lleet  which  came  round   the  Horn  during  the  gold  excile- 

iiRiil  in  California  had  passed  into  the  hands  of  local  owners,  who 

were  running  them  in  the  Northern  and  coasting  trade.     In  this 

fleet   were    the   barks   liutnham.    Captain    Kinney,""  Melivpolis,"  j,,,,^.  „^„„,^,.„^„ 

l-'rotii  photos  liikfii  lit  I'urlliuul.  or.,  in  is,s.(,  iiiul  at 
....  fF    ..    ..  .-    ,       ,  .  ,         ■  Siili  Frmiciseu,  Cal..  in  iSyj 

'  llic  schooner  //.  C.  I\ifif,  one  of  the  best  known  among  the  pioneer 

craft  on  Paget  .Sound,  was  built  at  New  Whatcom  in  1854  by  William  Utter,  her  master,  Henry  Roeder,  and  R.  \'.  Peabody.  .She 
was  about  seventy  feel  long  and  registered  forty-two  tons.  She  ran  in  the  Hellinghani  Hay  and  Victoria  trade  many  years,  in 
command  of  filer,  Xlorehoase,  llarnes,  Dberg,  anil  other  veterans,  finally  coming  to  grief  in  i'S5o,  while  fii  loii/i'  from  Port  I.udlow 
to  Victoria,  being  caught  in  a  tide  rip  about  ftair  miles  southca.st  of  Trial  Island.  Her  deck  load  shifted,  and  she  filled  and  capsized, 
afterward  righting  and  drifting  ashore  on  Whidby  Island,  near  Deception  Pass. 

■Capt.  Henry  Roeder  was  born   in  (iermany   in    1H24,  and  at  an  early  age  came  to  this  country,  beginning  life  on  the 
water  when  a  boy  of  fourteen  on  Lake  Krie.     .\t  the  age  of  twenty one  he  was  master  of  a  vessel  and  sailed  on  the  lakes  until  1S51, 

when  he  came  to  Califiunia.  He  arrived  on  the  Sound  in  1851,  and  Ihal  year, 
in  company  with  R.  V.  Peabody,  buill  the  schooner  //.  C.  /'itgi\  the  Ihiril 
vessel  registered  in  the  custom-house  of  the  Piiget  Sound  district.  He  also 
constructed  the  schooner  Cnnenit  /Itii'iiv  in  1.S59,  and  operated  her  on  the 
Sound  until  1.S61.  .After  the  bark  (Hiiiifisi'  ran  on  the  rocks  at  Clover  Point, 
she  was  sold  at  auction  to  Captain  Roeder,  who  pulled  her  oifand  look  her  to 
Port  Ludlow,  where  she  was  repaireil,  and  continued  in  the  service  during 
the  next  three  years. 

"The  schooner  . /.  .>'.  Trust,  built  at  Port  Discovery  in  1854  for  Capt. 
James  Keymes,  was  forty-six  feet  long  and  registereil  tweniy  two  Ions.  She 
traded  with  the  Indians  along  the  Northwest  coast  for  several  years,  and  was 
the  first  vessel  to  go  up  the  Snohomish  River,  During  her  trading  career  she 
was  in  command  of"  Ca])t,  John  IC.  Hums. 

•'The  schooner  /inti/ir  J\tri-t'>'  \\i\s  built  at  Olymiiia  in  1S54  by  Hiram 
I>.  Morgan  for  Capt.  James  Jones.  ,She  was  a  small  but  speedv  craft  and 
carried  on  a  thriving  business.  Her  dimensions  were  ;  length,  forty-four  feet 
four  inches;  beam,  eleven  feet. 

■'The  L'd/.  /{/inwiif,  built  at  Port  Townsend,  and  s  died  most  of  the 
time  by  her  owner,  Capt.  1..  IJ.  Hastings,  one  of  the  founders  of  Portland,  Or., 
and  Port  Townsend,  Wash.  The  /iVwr  was  only  forty  feet  long  and  of  twenty 
tons  burden. 

■'■'Capt.  I..  B.  Hastings  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1.S14.  and  on  coming 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  settled  at  Portland  with  I.ovejoy  and  Pettigrove  in  184S. 
His  son,  Oregon  Hastings,  now  living  in  Victoria,  was  the  first  chihl  born  on 
the  site  of  the  present  melroiiolis  of  the  Northwest.  Not  fully  realizing  the 
future  in  store  fijr  their  town  on  the  Willamette,  Captain  Ha.stings  and 
Pettigrove  left  in  1S52  for  Port  Townsend,  where  they  founded  another  city. 
While  on  the  Scnind  Captain  Hastings  was  interested  in  several  sailing  vessels, 
and,  when  they  were  in  a  measure  supplantetl  by  steamers,  he  becatne  owner 
or  part  owner  of  some  of  the  best  known  of  the  pioneer  steam  craft.  He  died 
at  Port  Townsend  in  June,  1S81. 

'"Capt.  Simeon  B.  Kinney,  who  saileil  between  .San  I-'raneisco  and 
Puget  Sound  ports  in  1S54  on  the  bark  />/trri/uii/t,  was  born  in  Varmouth, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  iStjg,  entered  the  West  Inilian  trade  when  a  boy,  and,  after 
sailing  all  over  the  world,  arrived  in  San  p'rancisco  in  1852  in  the  bark  Ihikt'  of  lt't'//ini^h>n.  Two  years  hater  he  went  lo  tlie 
Sciiiiiil  ill  the  Jliiyiiliam,  followed  the  coasting  trade  a  while  and  then  went  inlo  the  foreign  service  again,  returning  in  I.S6S  as 
nia-.tcr  of  the  bark  Cwrt'i/;*/,  in  the  I*uget  Sound  tratVic.  In  1S70  he  left  the  vessel  lo  engage  in  the  stevedoring  business  in  San 
Ir.iiHJsco,  where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1873, 

"  The  bark  .)/i?/;ii/o//.(,  which  begin  coasting  in  1854,  was  in  command  of  Ca])lain  .Surman.  In  1855  she  made  a  trip  to 
."iig,  and  from  1.S56  to  1.S58  inclusive  was  running  lo  Honolulu  in  charge  of  Captain  Preston,  who  was  succeeded  by  Captains 
ami  Dr\den, 


Ilnll'. 
Rikx 


r 


m 


M' 


-■    :ii!ii- 


!i!i!f 


i 


i 

;■> 

1 

! 

L 

:    1 

S4 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marim:  History  of  Mo  Pacific  \orthwest 


m^ 


Acadia,''  Naliumkrin;,  Clias.  Dtvois,  Malloiy,  ami  Archibald  Gtixtic;  brigs //(//ciw/,  Cai)lain  I'Miivtl,  /.  /•'.  I.uni, 
Afelrflf>olis,  Fiandsco,  Cyn<s"  awA  h'int;;sl>i(rv  :  scliooncr.s /.  A'.  W'hilnii;,  Ca\-t\..  Samiiol  HIair,"  /'fiiin-s.u-c,  llnnid,'" 
and  A'A/c.     Early  in  the  year  Capt.  I'lnocli   I'owlcr,  who  hail  arrived  on  the  Sound  in  1S53,  purchased  the  San 

Francisco  pilot  schooner  A',  li.  Pollfr,  and  ran  her  as  a  mail  and  dispatch  Uoat  under 

charter  to  (lovernor  Stevens,  to  carry  supplies,  etc.,  to  the  various  Indian  camps 

^^^^  about  the  Sound.      The  follev  was  in  coniniand  of  Capt.  Franklin  Tticker"  the 

^^^^^B  greater  portion  of  the  year.     The  schooner  Hrlif'sc,  Captain  Harrington  ' "  was  alsd 

^^^^^^^  in  the  freighting  and  trading  business  in  this  region,  making  her  head(|uarters  at 

^^^^^^  Wliidby  Island,  where  slie  was  owned. 

^HH9  The  Hark  Success  and  the  ship  Liuas  took  coal  cargoes  from  Hellingham  il.iy 

^^jB^Bj|  to  San  Francisco,  but  this  branch  of  the  coasting  trade  had  not  yet  reached  great 

^^^H|^^^^^^^  proportions.     The  Hritish  bark  Sciialoi  loaded  with  piles  at  Sooke  for  the  Sandu  icli 

^^^^P^^K^^Kf  Islands,  and  the  Swedish  brig  Doniui  Maria,  Captain  Sampson,  sailed  tor  San  Fraii- 

Ijj^^H^^^Hj^  Cisco  from  the  same  place  with  i7,i><k>  feet  of  piles,  but  wa.-.  .vreeked  May  .<;,d,  forty 

^^t^^Ktr'  miles  south  of  Cape  Mendocino,  when  six  days  out.     Tlie  master  had  been  inialile 

^^^^  to  get  an  ob.servation  for  three  days  on  account  of  fog.      When  she  struck,  tlie 

masts  were  cut  away,  easing  her  so  that  the  crew  reached  shore  in  safety,  anil 

after  a   thirty-hour  walk  they  arrived  at   Bodega,  where  the  scliooiier  S<i-ccrcii;ii, 

CAiT.  LKANKMN  T.cK.K  Captalu  Fltcli,  took  them  to  San  I'rancisco. 

Among  the  arrivals  were  the  bark  /o/iii  (,.  Col/cv,  Capt.  \V.  1'".  Kippen,  at  Astoria,  March  7th,  from  New 
York,  and  the  brig  F.olian,  Capt.  John  H.  Briard,  also  at  .\storia  from  New  York  with  general  mercliandi.se.  The 
I''nst  India  Company's  sliip  Marquif  of  litiltc  arrived  at  \ictoria  under  charter  to 
the  Hudson's  Hay  Company.  With  her,  as  second  olhcer,  came  Capt.  James 
Mclntyre,  who  for  the  succeeding  forty  years  held  a  prominent  place  among 
Northwestern  mariners.  The  British  brig  I'rinccsi  Loniae  and  the  barks  (  olinda 
and  Prince  Albert  arrived  at  Victoria  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  sub.se- 
(juently  went  around  to  the  Columbia  and  loaded  at  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette. 
The  brig  Tarquina'"  was  purchased  l)y  a  parly  of  Whidby  Islanders,  who  operated 
her  on  the  .Sound.  The  United  .States  schooner  Moiilerey  spent  considerable 
time  in  the  Columbia,  and  her  officers  cut  nearly  as  wide  a  swath  as  did  those 
of  her  namesake  which  appeared  forty  years  afterward  in  the  same  waters. 

The  lo.ss  of  life  by  marine  disaster  was  greater  than  in  any  previous  year, 
the  terrible  boiler  explosion  of  the  (ia:cllc  and  the  loss  of  the  J-'ire/h  claiming 
the  greatest  number  of  victims.  Other  wrecks  beside  the  Soiillicnur  and  Donna 
Maria,  previou.sly  mentioned,  were  the  Loid  Wcslon,  lumber  laden  from  Sooke 
for  England,  which  went  ashore  on  Vancouver  Island,  the  schooner  Junftirc. 
lost  at  Shoahvater  Bay  while  outward  bound  with  a  cargo  of  oysters  for  San 
I'ranci.sco,  and  the  brig  William,  wrecked  at  Nitnat,  the  captain  losing  his  life.  CAir.  i;  livKHiNi.i.iN-,  sr. 

'-  Tlie  liarli  .liix/iii.  Captain  Cousins,  was  built  at  Surrey,  Me.,  in  1S45,  and  registered  at  tile  Astoria  I'listoni-lumse,  Ajiril  i.i, 
1S54,  tonnage  one  hundred  and  ninety-nine. 

'"The  lirig  Cyrus  was  a  speedy  little  craft  of  two  hundred  and  thirteen  tons  register.  .She  was  owned  liv  I.afavette  Ilalili 
of  Steilacoom  and  Curtis  &  Karwell  of  .San  Kranciseo,  and  after  running  for  several  years  between  I'ortland  iiid  San'  I'rancisin 
was  placed  in  lialcli  iS;  Weber's  packet  line  to  the  Sound.     William  Higgs  was  the  best  known  of  her  masters. 

'■'Tlie/.  A'.  //'/////Hi;  was  this  year  in  command  of  Capt.  Samuel  Hlair,  who  afterward  became  vi  rv  proiniiienl, 
accumulating  a  fortune  in  the  marine  Inisiness  on  this  Coast.  Captain  lilair  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  was  born  iii  iSiy.  Mis 
lirsl  voyages  were  out  of  Ihe  Knglish  Channel  in  1846.  In  1S4S  he  went  In  .New  York,  sailing  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  until  1.S411, 
when  he  visited  the  Pacific  on  the  bark  .^fary  li/alerman.  Tlie  first  four  years  after  his  arrival  were  spent  in  sailing  sloops  and 
schooners  on  the  .Sacramento.  He  then  look  command  of  the  ./.  A".  Wlnliii/;,  and  ran  her  to  Columbia  River  ami  I'ugel  Sound 
ports  for  a  decade.  He  was  next  in  charge  of  the  bark  A'/rw/,  operating  her  ill  the  I'uget  Sound  trade  for  live  vears,  then  gi.ing  tii 
the  ship  Commodore,  which  he  sailed  for  six  years.  Good  managenienl  and  forninate  inveslmenls  enaliled  him  to  lav  the  foundalioii 
for  a  fortune,  and  he  retired  from  the  water  in  1X74  to  look  after  his  various  interests,  which  have  since  rapidly  increased. 

'•■'  The  schooner  Harriet  made  her  first  trip  to  the  Columbia  with  a  cargo  for  .\lexaiider  Ririiie,  her  ilestinalioii  Iiiing  Ilnnl's 
Mills,  at  Cathlamet.     She  was  in  command  of  Captain  Sargent  at  this  time,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  Coflin,  Melville,  and  otliei- 

'■"  Capt.  Franklin  Tucker,  at  present  keeper  of  the  lighthouse  at  V.iWi  1  look,  was  horn  in  Maine  in  i,Sih,  and  sailed  mil 
of  Boston  in  1H44.  In  the  following  years,  prior  to  his  arrival  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  he  visited  every  port  of  imiiortame  on  the  "loin-. 
In  1848  he  was  cast  away  in  a  brig  olf  the  Hahamas,  and  five  out  of  the  crew  of  nine  were  drowned.'  His  first  work  on  the  I'acifn-  was 
on  the  old  brig  Ceori;e  Emery,  and  he  enjoys  the  distinction  of  having  handled  the  first  mail  packet  on  I'uget  Sound,  the  old 
schooner  K.  II.  Potter,  between  Olympia,  Seattle,  Steilacoom,  Port  Townsend,  and  liellingliam  Hay.  Cajilain  Tucker  is  one  of  llie 
few  remaining  of  the  i>ioneers  who  witnessed  the  advent  of  American  steam  vessels  on  I'uget  Sound. 

'•■  Capt.  I'Mward  liarrington,  Sr.,  who  was  sailing  tlie  Ectipse  on  the  Olympia  and  Victoria  route  in  1854,  was  one  of  lie 
best  known  of  the  pioneer  navigators  on  the  Sound.  He  was  born  in  Ivngland  in  i.Svi,  and  his  parents  removed  to  Nova  .ScoUa 
during  his  childhood.  He  went  to  sea  when  he  wiis  fifteen  years  old,  and  in  1S4S  reached  California,  running  a  water  boat  betwec  ii 
.Sausalito  and  San  Prancisco  iluring  the  gold  excitement.  He  arrived  on  the  .Sound  in  1.8,^2,  and,  in  company  with  a  man  iiann  1 
C.  C.  Phillips,  carrieil  the  mail  between  Olympia  and  Whalcom  in  an  Indian  canoe,  a  very  risky  business  at  thai  time,  as  the  nativi^ 
were  ugly.  In  i.S,54  Harrington  and  Phillips  bouglit  the  schooner  lutipse  and  commenced  a  general  freighting  business  lietwein 
Olympia,  Victoria,  and  other  Sound  ports,  at  the  same  time  conducting  a  store  at  Oak  Harbor.  In  i.Sj,^  they  built  the  famn  ^ 
schooner  Growler,  which  took  the  |)lace  of  the  lutipSf.  The  (!ro;eler  ran  for  several  years,  and  proved  profitable  long  all  r 
steamboats  began  to  appear  on  the  Sound.  Captain  liarrington  died  in  January,  i.S.S^,  leaving  a  wife  and  six  children,  the  eldi  t 
of  whom,  Capt.  Kd.  liarrington  of  Seattle,  is  one  of  the  best  steamboatnien  of  his  years  on  the  Sound. 

'"  The  brig  Tanjiiiiiit,  registered  this  year  from  Whidby  Island,  was  built  at  Perth  Ainboy,  N.J.,  in  184.1.  Dimensions:  lengt'i. 
ninety  feet ;  beam,  twenty-six  feet;  cleptli,  ten  feet  four  inches  ;  tonnage,  two  hundred  and  ten.  .Since  running  in  the  Pacific  Coal 
trade  she  has  been  owned  by  Capt.  .\.  M.  Simpson,  afterward  by  \Vm.  Kobert.son  and  .Samuel  Hancock  and  sailed  by  lulward  Myci>. 


m 


m 


(   IIAl'Tl-R    W. 

AfHivM.  1)1  Stkamkk  ••  Tk  wiu.KK  "  ON  I'icliT  Sou.NU — Loss  oi'  Tin;  "Major  Tomi-kins"— I'I'ckt  Soind 
,Sti:ami:k.s  "\Vati:k  I.ii.v"  and  "  Daniki.  Wkiisti;k  "  Tiiic  Pionkhk  Stua.msiiii'  "  Cai.ii'oknia"— 
Sti'Amsiiu'  "Amkkica" — Tin;  "Jami:s  Clinton"  Rkaciiks  Ivi'c.knk  City  on  tiih  Wii.i.ami;tti;— 
Indian  Tkouiii.hs  on  tiik  Commiiia  and  I'uc.kt  Soind -Tim;  Sti;amsiiii'  "  Oki;<;on  " -Sciiooni;r 
'Cai.ami;t" — \Vki;ck  oi'  Tin;  "Dusdkmona" — Akkivai.  oi'  Stkami;r  "  Constitition  " — Stka.mi;k 
"Ska  Uikd" — Sti;aiiiioats  "  SfRi-RisK  "  and  "  Ivi.k  '  — Stkamkks  "Hassai.o"  and  "  Mointain 
HrcK  " — ^Sti;amkk  "  \'ANeorvi;K  " — A  TrAi.iTiN  Kivick  Stkamhoat— Okkcon's  First  Hak  Ti'o. 
Tin;  "  I'i;aki.i;ss  ' — Tin;  Hakkkntink  "Jank  A.  1'ai,ki;nherg  "— Stbamkk  "  I'okti.and  '  .S\vi;i'T 
OvKR   Orec.on   City   P'ai.i.s— Hoii.kr   Kxri.osioNS  on  Sticamkrs  "Fairy"  and  "  Wasiiinoton  ' — 

Kl'S'I     TO    Tin;     I'-RASKR     RiVKR     OoLD     MiNKS— BuiI.DINi;     OK     STKAMKRS     "  IvI.IZA     AnDKRSON  "     AND 

"Jri.iA" — I,oss  OI    Tin;  Sti;ami;r  "Th wki.kr" — Tin;  "Venturk,"  tiik  First  Steamer  to  Siioov 
Tin;  Cascadi;s -Tin;  Ndvki,  Trip  oi'  tiik  "Makia"   i-ro:m  San  Francisco  to  rniKT  Sound. 

ANU'iATIOX  l)y  Atiiericaii  steiini  vc'ssels  on  1'ugi.t  Soiiiul  met  with  a  setback  in 
1S55,  which  left  the  residents  of  this  fur-olT  corner  of  the  fiiiti  States  without  a 
steamer  for  tlieir  local  trade,  the  J/'/i'''  'I'oiiipkim  having  been  wrecked  early  in  the 
year  while  entering  X'ictoria  harbor.  The  field  was  vacant,  however,  but  a  .short 
time.  Cajjt.  J.  (1.  Parker'  purchased  the  iron  propeller  Tiaviley  in  San  I'Vancisco 
and,  after  removing  the  machinery,  loaded  her  on  the  brig  /.  />'.  /trouii  and  took  hei 
to  the  Sound.  She  was  launched  at  Port  (lamble,  after  being  rcl)iiilt,  and  was  placed 
on  the  mail  route  between  Olympia,  Steilacoom  and  Seattle,  making  occasional  trips  to 
Victoria  and  Port  Town.seiid.  The  '/'ntir/rr  will  live  in  inarnie  history  as  the  first 
steamer  that  navigated  the  waters  of  the  Duwamish,  White,  .Snohomish  and  Nootsack 
rivers.     She  was  built  in  Philadelphia  in  the  early  fillies,  brought  round  the  Horn  in 

SLctions,  and  put  together  in  .San   I'Vancisco  by  Charles  Peters,  who  sold  her  to  Edward  11.  Parker,  who  in  turn 

disposed  of  his  interests  to  J.  ('..  I'.uker,     After  taking  the  steamer  to  the  .Sound. 

Talker  ran  lier  until  the  dose  of  the  Indian  war  in  1S57,  when  his  engineer,  William 

\.  Hortoii,'  bought  the  vessel,   and  chartered  her  to  the   Indian   Department,  but 

I'unliiiued  ill  charge  until  March,  l.'^5.S,  when  she  was  wrecked  off  F^oulweather  Bluff, 


Cfipt.  J.  (i.  I'.irkcr  is  protmbly  the  oldt-st  liviii>;  nia.sler  ami  pilot  of  steam  vessels  who  has 
iiavi.i;ale(l  I'lijiet  Soiiml  anil  its  trihuiaries  from  Olymiiia  to  the  sea.  He  was  hnrii  in  Kingston, 
i-'aiiatla.  in  iS2<j.  .\l  that  time  liis  fatlier,  Capl.  J.  ('..  I'arker,  .Sr..  was  a  steamboat  owner  ami 
iiii--ter,  ami  with  his  brother  Kenben  .\.  hail  built  the  piom-er  steamers  A'in^i^sfon  ami  'roionto. 
Tliiy  plieil  on  Lake  Ontario  between  .Sai-kett's  Harbor,  Kinj;slon.  Toronto  ami  Hamilton,  tlie 
loititifo  lastiti}^  over  forty  years.  Tlie  I'arker  family  removed  to  Koehester.  N.  \.,  ami  the  snbjeirt 
i>l  our  sketeh  resided  allernateh'  in  Rochester.  UnlValo  and  Detroit,  leaving  the  latter  place  in 
1N5I  rorCalirornia.  He  came  onl  as  messenger  forl'.rcKory  .S:  Company's  Mx press  on  the  steamship 
l:liihii\  Cajjlain  Harlstein.  from  New  York  to  Chanres,  ami  crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  when 
llie  mule  trails  were  in  the  worst  possible  condition,  pi-oceeilinj^  to  .^an  I-'raneisco  on  tlie  old 
^i'lewlieel  steamshi])  i'ttli/'ot  tiin,  Cajilain  Itudd.  In  the  sprinj.^  of  iS5^  he  sailed  on  the  steamer 
/.  ( '.  /■'iriiioiil  lor  rortlaud,  frcnn  there  K"i"K'  "P  ""'  Cowlitz  River  with  an  ollicer  of  Ihe  Hmlson's 
h.iy  Coinp'inv  in  an  Indian  canoe,  ami  thence  overland  to  Olym])ia,  where  he  enj.'aged  in  the 
.general  merchandise  and  express  business,  ami  constrncteil  the  schotnier  /''^lily  /'".  l\i) kt'i ,  Ir.'iding 
wiih  heron  the  sound  bel»een  Olymiiia,  then  a  very  small  settlement,  ami  I'raser  River.  In  i.Sss 
and  is,s'i  he  wjis  master  and  part  owner  of  the  iron  screw  steamer  Ttii:'tit'r,  at  that  lime  the  only 
American  steamer  on  I'unet  Sound.  Since  then  Captain  I'arker  has  oflleiated  as  master,  jiilot  or 
I'lrser  on  the  iiioneer  steamers  .  l/ii/ii,  hiilnl,  Xiiii/i  l\ui!ic,  Mcuc'iki'''  and  Paii).  He  sold  out  his  slcainboal  interests  in  iSS;  to 
his  sons  Cilmore  and  Herbert,  skillful  masters  and  pilots  on  I'uget  Sound  and  its  tributaries. 

■William  N.  Ilorton  was  born  in  New  York  in  iS^i.  He  became  an  en|,'ineer  on  the  Missi.ssippi  steamers,  rnnning  to 
-New  Orleans,  and  in  1.S49  joined  the  rush  of  gold  seekers  to  California.  In  1S52  he  removed  to  Oregon,  where  he  was  enyjiyed  as 
I'ui^inccr  on  the  pioneer  steamers  Lot  il'liitiiimh  and  /•'us/iicn.  In  1S55  lie  went  to  San  I'rancisco  with  Capt.  J.  (',.  I'arker,  returning 
\>'''i  him  to  the  Souml  on  the  propeller  TniVt'lry,  on  which  he  was  employed  for  a  niunher  of  years,  finally  purchasing  the  vessel. 
.Mtcr  the  loss  of  the  '/'nnvln  he  was  employed  on  the  steamers  Nea'  fVoiiit,  Eliza  .hii/iisoii,  iFihoii  C .  Hunt,  and  various  olbers. 
llv  died  at  Olympia,  March  iS,  1I387. 


CaI'T.   J.   (i.    r\KKKK 


lif:^ 


■i  '1 


56 


Lvwis  cj  Dryilen's  Murine  History  of  thi'  Paoiflo  Northwest 


Wii-irvM  N.  HoH  rn 


in  tliosL-  (l.ivs  of  liniilc'il  facilities  and 


whilf  III  roide  from  Port  Towiisiiul  to  I'lirl  (Jiimlilc,  in  coininaml  of  Captain  Slater,  l-'ivc  juTsons  were  lost  willi 
the  steamer  i  see  wreek  of  /'nin/rr,  IM^H).  p'ollowin^;  the  /'nitr/ir  on  these  waters  eame  the  U'd/ir  l.i'y,  \\  small 
siilewlieeler  built  in  San  l'"rancisco  in  i8s,^  ami  transporte<l  to  the  Sonnd  on  the  ileck  of  u  ship.     The  ll'n/tt  l.ily 

wa.H  only  forty-nine  feet  long  with  einht  feet  heam  unci  four  feet  hold,  nnd  was  so  slow  and  frail  that  .she  seldom 

wnndereil  far  from  Steilacooni  and  Olympia,  althon^'li  her  owners,  limit  iV  Scrnntoii,  h.id  purchased  the  steamer 

for  the  route  formerly   tra\ersed  by   the  Mtijo)    '/'onif>kiii\.       Almost  c<mlemporaileously  with  the  advent  of  llu- 

ll'ii/i)  /.I'/y,  another  infantile  steamboat  named  the  /hiiiiil  U'i/>\/ii  made 

her  appearance.     She  was  built  in  New  York  in  1S5.',  and  on  coming  to 

the  Sound  was  reconstructed  by  Capt.  Wni.  Webster,  master  nnd  owner. 
The  threatened  Indian  outbreak  on  Puget  Sound  in  iS.s.S  was  the 

means   of  hastening  several  ('.overiunent   vessels  to  the  .scene  of  the 

expected  hostilities,     .\motig  the  fleet  were  the  I'nited  .States  steamship 

MtfiSiii/iiisills.  Captain  Meade,  the  sloopnfvvar  Piniliit,  and  the  revenue 

q\\\.Xk:x  Jf(f  D<ivis.     The  Massmliiisi  lis,  which  in  those  days  was  regarded 

as  an  extensive  piece  of  marine  architecture,   was  one  hundred   and 

sixty-one  feet  long,  thirty-one  feet  beam,  twenty  feet  hold,  and  registered 

seven  hundred  ami  seventy-nine  tons.      The  /liavcr  and  her  recently 

acquired  helper,  the  Oltir,  were   kept  busy  on  the  Uritish  si<le  of  the 

line  looking  after  the  growing  interests  of  the  Hudson's  May  Company, 

nnd  incidentally  towing  any  vessel  which  happened  to  be  in  need  of  their 

services,  irrespective  of  the  flag  under  which  they  sailed.     All  of  the 

Hudson's  Bay  .ships  arriving  from  Kngland  brought  colonists,  and  trade 

was  flourishing  on  sea  and  shore. 

On  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  few  additions  were  made  to  the 

steam  fleet,  except  on  the  middle  river,  on  which  were  the  steamers  Allnii, 

Captain  Gladwell,  the  Mary,  Captain  Haughman,  and  the  Wasco,  built 

by  Put  Bradford,  to  coiuiect  with  the  J'asliioii  for  Portland,    The  expected 

arrival  of  the  Wasco  on  the  scene  evidently  had  a  bad  effect  on  freight 

charges,  for  the  old  lines  announced  in  July  that  rates  would  be  reduced 

to  thirty  dollars  per  ton  to  The  Dalles,  which  was  considered  very  low- 
crude  transportation  methods.     Melow  the  Cascades  the  /icl/c,  Juis/iion  and  /Cai;/c  were  rutniing  to  Portland,  and 

the  Multnomah  had  almost  a  monopoly  of  the   Astoria  trade.     The  Jciiuic  Clatk,  Captain  Ainswortli,  and  the 

Portland,  Captain   .Murray,  were  on  the  Oregon   City  route,  and  above   the   falls  the  Caiicinah  was  running  to 

Salem  in  command  of  Captain  Cole,  with  George   Pease,   pilot.       During  the  summer  Captain    Pease  assisted 

Captain  Cole  in  elTecting   the  first  steainlioat  combination  on   the  Willamette.      There  were  three  steamers  above 

the  falls,  the  Cancmah    //ooslcr  and   Fianiiin.     John  Zumwalt,  who  owned   the  /foo.uci,  had    the  mail  contract, 

and,  in  order  to  dispose  of  this  latter  vessel,  the  L'ancina/i  carried  the  mail   free  on  condition  that  /umwalt  would 

lay  the  //oosic,  up.  The  pool  was 
completed  by  tying  the  I'lanktiii  up 
and  giving  her  owners  an  eipial  share 
in  the  proceeds  of  the  traliic.  The 
dajcl/c,  which  blew  up  the  year  before, 
was  bought  and  taken  below  the  falls 
by  Murray  and  Hoyt,  and  rebuilt  for 
the  Astoria  and  Cowlitz  trade.  .She 
was  first  called  the  Saiali  Hoyl,  but  her 
name  was  soon  changed  to  the  Sciioiilo. 
The  steamer  /uilcrpi  isc.  which 
in  after  years  was  distinguished  from 
the  other  lintcrfiriscs  by  the  name 
'I'oiii  Jl'r/x'l/t'.i  /intir/»isc.  was  buill 
by  Capt.  Archibald  Jamieson,  Captain 
.Murray,  Amory  Holbrook  and  John 
Torrence,  in  the  fall  of  1.S55,  for  the  Willamette  trade.  She  was  an  open  hull  boat,  115  feet  long  by  20  feet 
beam,  and  was  driven  by  12  x  48  inch  engines.  Her  oflicers  on  the  first  trip  to  Corvallis  were  :  Jamieson,  captain  : 
Chandler,  purser  ;  and  Torrence,  engineer.     George  Pease  was  afterward  employed  as  pilot,  and  John  Marshall, 

■'Joliii  Marsliiill,  wlio  suoreecU-d  John  Torrence  as  uii^^ineur  011  the  /uitcr/n isc,  lias  sei-ii  as  niiuli  (.•oiilimioiis  .service  on 
the  WilhiineUe  and  Colnnihia  rivers  as  any  enKineur  now  living.  .Alter  leaving  the  /iii/ci/iinc  he  was  inlereslecl  with  Ca|)taii 
Sweit/.er  and  others  in  Imildin),'  llie  /C/i,  on  wliich  he  ran  as  engineer,  leaving  lier  to  join  tlie  A'  r/'/vi.t  with  Capt.  James  Stran); 
afterward  K"\"K  lo  IheCiiiric  /,«(/</ with  liini.  In  i.S'i.i  he  was  on  Die  /n/iii  U.  Coiiih  and  the  /tilin  m\  the  .\storia  ronte  witi; 
Captains  llolniaii  and  Wolf,  and  snhseiiiiently  on  varions  steamers,  anions  which  were  the  l)k,tiwf;aii,  Captain  .Slrann  ;  Sciialoi . 
Capt.  Charles  Kellogg;  .tlicc,  Capt.  Miles  Dell;  Governor  6';oi'£T,  Capt.  James  Wilson  ;  ll^illaiiictle  ChieJ,  C&^\.a.iu  lia'.ighmau  : 
Wide  West,  Captain  Wolf ;  Bonita,  Capt.  Gus  Pillsbury  ;  and  Hassalo,  Capt.  L.  A.  Bailey. 


\Vll.I,.\MKr  TK   AND   I'KASKH    Rl\  KK    STKAMKH    "  HNTKKPklSK 


Puj/ot  Sound  Steamboata,  GolJun  Days  of  Fraaer  River  Navigation 


57 


iiiKiiifcr.  Slif  ran  lii'lwrfii  Onunii  Cil;  .  Cammuli  and  Corvallis  until  iM^H,  ami  in  July  of  that  Near  was  lioiiKht 
liy  Capt.  TiUM  Wrinlil.  wlm  lined  her  ovir  the  tails  and  took  her  to  the  I'raser  Uiver.  Slie  left  Astoria  in  tow 
of  the  regular  steainsliip,  but  wntt  so  terribly  nicked  in  crossing;  out  that  she  began  leaking,  and  it  was  only  by 
llie  merest  eliance  that  they  not  her  liatk  into  shallow  water  at  Astoria  before  she  sank.  She  was  r.iised  and 
ivpaireil,  anil  stalled  an.iin  in  August,  this  lime  in  tow  of  the  steamship  I'miji,,  for  N'ietoria.  I''r<mi  the  time  the 
/■liitiif'thf  was  placed  on  the  I'raser,  on  which  she  was  the  fonrlh  skamcr,  she  coined  moiie>-  ;  but  the  spirit  of 

coni|nest,  ever  strong  in  the  redoubtable  "  Captain  Tom,  induced  him  to  take 
her  to  dray's  Harbor.  After  nearly  losing  her  before  pa.ssing  Cape  Flattery,  he 
succeeded  in  entering  the  harbor.  She  sank  three  times  before  finally  reaching 
the  headwaters  of  the  Chehalis,  and  after  all  lonnd  but  five  .settlers  on  the  river 
to  support  a  boat.  'I'hey  charged  him  fitly  dollars  lor  a  lew  vegetables,  butter 
and  eggs,  and,  as  soon  as  he  could  recover  hii  .self  suflicieiitly  to  speak,  he 
expressed  his  opinion  of  sleamboating  on  the  Chehalis,  tied  the  boat  uj)  and 
returned  to  the  Souml.  The  following  spring  he  had  an  opportunity  to  recover 
most  of  his  money  by  taking  (lovernnient  troops  ami  supplies  down  the  river  at 
high  water  ;  but,  as  the  old  steamer  was  too  frail  to  be  removed  to  a  route  wbcic 
there  was  business,  she  was  dismantled  a  few  miles  below  Skookum  Chuck  and 
the  machinery  sent  to  Chin.i. 

The  old  Coiiiiiiliiii  continued  to  be  the  regular  ste.imship  between  Sau 
h'ranei.sco  and  Northern  |)orts,  touching  at  Crescent  City,  Port  Orford  and  Trini- 
dad, but  during  the  year  i.s.ss  she  was  reinforced  for  a  few  trijis  by  the  /\,fiil>/i, 
iiul  the  sidewlieeler  r((///i»v//<(,'  the  latter  being  the  first  steamship  built  for  the  Oregon  trade,  antl  the  first 
.Xmcricin  steamship  that  entered  the  Pacific.  With  Capt.  William  Dall  and  Chief  Engineer  I  Iiigan  in  charge, 
she  was  dispatched  to  Fort  \'ancouver  in  November  with  troops  to  assist  in  quieting  the  Indian  troubles.  One 
of  the  lioilers  becoming  disabled  while  on  the  Columbia  bar,  the  steam  ran  down  ami  the  vessel  narrowly 
esca])ecl  drifting  into  the  breakers.  In  the  midst  of  these  tront)Ics  a  fire  started  near  a  (|uaiUit\  of  powder  and 
was  extinguished  with  great 
dilliculty.  The  steamer 
r  e  a  c  h  e  d  N'aiicouver,  where 
another  company  of  soldiers 
joined  her.  and  sailed  for  Stci- 
lacoom.  .\fter  discharging 
cargo  and  passengers  she  pro- 
ceeded to  San  Francisco, 
making  one  of  the  longest 
steamshi))  trips  on  record.  She 
encountered  a  tcirible  storm 
nIT  Cape  l'"latlery,  in  which 
the  second  mate  was  washed 
overboard,  and  her  engines 
were  disabled,  compelling  her 
to  proceed  to  San  Francisco 
under  sail,  arriving  twenty- 
stveii  days  after  leaving  the 
Sound.     Her  long   absence 

created      but      little     comment.  l-iist  .\nu-ricnii  -leitln^hip  to  round  the  Utirii.-  l-'rom  n  l»h,,to  tnkt-Ti  in  i 


m'^'^f 


'Till'  sU':nif.liii>  (ii/i/iiniid,  wliiili  \v:ls  oh  the  Ncirtlierii  riiiili'  in  iSs.S.  was  tlie  first  Aliierieaii  steainsliip  to  double  Cape 
irnrii.  iitiil  \v:is  (111  lln-  storks  ill  Nru  Yiiik  hflore  ycilil  \va^  ■listMiviTi'd  in  CalilDriiia.  Willi  the  (>ii%'i''r  and  I'miiiiiiii,  she  had  ln'fii 
iiUi-iidrd  lt»  i-arrv  i):isseiij;i-rs  and  mail  tietwi'eu  tlit' Cnlnintiia  River  and  the  Islhnins  in  the  M-rviiiol'  the  I'aoilie  Mail  .StiMin^hip 
Ciiinpain',  then  iie\vl\-  orj^ani/ed.  San  l-'r.iiuMM-o  hcinj^  iit  that  tinif  altiiDst  an  nnknown  I'ai-lnr  in  I'.inlir  Coast  marine  husitu's^,. 
The  tliree  vessels  weiv  hiiilt  at  alMinl  the  sanie  time  under  the  supervision  iii  Capt.  William  .Skiddlf.  .1  naval  constrnelor  in  the 
vinplov  of  the  t'nited  Stales  (iovernnient.  and.  while  the  i'alif\>i nia  was  yet  niilinislK-d.  her  «nvners.  who  were  not  \ery  wealthy, 
saw  th;it  they  winild  he  nn.dile  to  eoniplete  her,  and  askeil  aid  from  Coii^,'ress.  The  recpiest  w.is  ^rallied  on  eondition  that  the 
sleaniers  eonld  he  nsed  h\'  the  (lovernnient  lor  war  purposes  in  ease  the  emergency  shotild  arise,  ami  with  this  iiiiderslaiidin^  some 
alterations  were  inaile.  nothing  hnt  live  oak  heiii^ used  in  the  hull,  and  she  was  slreiij^thened  throu^hont.  The  /l/z/i////,/ was  the 
lirsl  of  the  Meet  to  leave  for  California,  hnt  she  hroke  down  liefore  K"i"K  f''r  and  was  olili;;ed  to  return  for  repairs.  In  the  nieantitne 
the  Califoitiiti  had  started,  and  while  she  was  on  her  way  round  the  Horn  the  ^'old  fever  hroke  out.  news  of  the  wonderful 
diseoveries  reachiii).;  New  \'ork  soon  after  her  dejiarlnre  and  sending  a  Iarj.;e  nnml.'er  of  ad\entiirers  to  ranania  to  await  the  arri\al 
of  the  I'ulifoniiii  cm  the  I'aeilie  side.  When  she  leaehcd  the  Isthmns  she  found  a  irowd  larj;e  eiionKli  for  several  steamers  of  her 
si/e.  and  fahulons  jniees  were  paid  for  even  a  tew  feel  of  deek  spaee  on  hoard.  On  l-'ehrnary  1.  iS  p^.  I  he  steamer  ea  me  111  roll  j;li  the 
Meads  at  S.iii  l-raneiseti.  She  ran  hnt  little  on  the  route  lor  which  she  li.-td  heeii  intended,  hnt  continued  to  run  to  Panama  for 
marly  Iweillv  \ears.  with  oce;isioiial  trips  .\'<n-lh.  .-Xnuni;^  the  cajitains  who  eominandetl  her  in  the  Northern  trade  were  Iljill. 
Whitiiif;.  Whitney.  Thorn,  llewitl.  CreKory,  Koyers.  Hayes,  and  llornshy.  Iter  dimensions  were  ;  len(;lh,  -'.'5  feet:  heaiii.  ii  feet ; 
depth  of  hold,  iS  feel,  .She  made  her  last  trijt  as  a  sleiimer  in  iS74.  taking  the  pioneers  who  came  out  with  her  on  her  lirst  vova^e 
(or  an  eseursion  alxnit  the  Hay  <if  San  h'ranciseo.  Scum  after  this  she  was  ri;,'geil  as  a  sailing  vessel  ami  operated  in  the  lumher 
ir.ide.  inakin>;  her  last  trip  from  I'ort  Iladloik  in  tile  fall  of  1.S94,  and  early  in  '**9,5  was  reported  ashore  on  the  coast  of  South 
.\mirica,  witli  a  poor  prospect  of  heinjj  saved. 


I  !1 


P 

IB       "'i'^  ' 

t. 
it 

til 


58 


Lewis  cf  Dryckn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


until  lie  ropoitod  at  San  Francisco,  as,  in  the  absence  of  telegraphic  or  other  means  of  coniniunication,  those 
interested  in  her  welfirc  supposed  that  she  was  still  waiting  orders  from  the  Ciovernnient  at  some  Xorthern 
port.     The  steamship  ./wiv/c.f.  Which  had  been  running  the  preceding  year,  was  also  (iressed  into  service  by 

the  War  Department,  and  in  June  started  for  Portland  with  132  soldiers.  She  ran 
into  Crescent  City  to  discharge  some  freight,  and  while  lying  there  an  incendiary 
fire  .started  in  the  coal  bunkers.  IJefore  it  could  be  extinguished  the  vessel  was  so 
badly  damaged  that  she  became  a  total  loss.  She  was  owned  at  the  time  by  John 
T.  Wright,  and  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  A.  O.  Jones  and  Ivngineer  Clayton. 
Patrick  Moran,'  the  veteran  steward,  was  also  one  of  her  crew.  Wright  placed 
his  loss  at  #140,001),  with  no  insurance,  and  as  soon  as  the  news  of  the  disa.ster 
reached  San  Francisco  he  dispatched  the  old  Goliah  to  complete  the  voyage. 

The  steamer  Oiler  made  occasional  trips  to  San  Franci.sco  from  Victoria, 

carrying  a  few  tons  of  produce  and  filling  up  with  coal,  which,  however,  was  not 

easy    to   dispose   f)f  in   the   Bay   City   owing   to   the   twenty  per  cent  duty.     The 

Xanainio  mine  shipped  nearly  j.ooo  tons  during  the  year,  the  Hritish  Inrk  Ci'liinln 

taking  the  largest  cargo,  about  750  tons,  while  the  Hamburg  brig  AV,<c  took  _^_^o, 

and  the  brig  Sarah  Mfl'arlanc  160  tons.     The  coal  mines  on  the  American  side, 

especially  those  at  Coos  Bay,  also  .shipped  several  cargoes,  the  steamer  Hiimboldl, 

iMrKn.K  MciK  vN  j],^,   |,^rk   Sitnrss,   and   the  brigs  .S".    A'.  Jatkson,  (i/riiioe  and  Oiuti/raliis,  carrying 

the  black  diamonds  to  San  iMancisco,  and  the  schooner  Xrlly  and  another  ve.s.sel   from   Coos  Bay   to  Portland. 

Th."  l)arks  A'a/iiiiiihiit;  and  .  /.  ,  /.  Jildrii/i>i-  ran  lor  a  while  in  the  Bellingham  Bay  coal  trade.     Other  sailing  vessels 

from  San  h'ranci.sco  to  Coos  Bay  were  the  schooners  .  Isforia.  Loo  C/ioo.  Raiiibh  r  and  Kiiiulerr;  and  the  Sho.il water 

Bay  fleet  included  the  schooners  J-ixarl,  J-.mf-irr.  /■^(/nily,   Alfiod  Adams,   Mary    laylor  and   MaiyUuid.    the   last 

named  meeting  with  an  accident  in  Decemb-r   liy  which  the  captain,  K.  P.  Baker,  and  the  cook,  Mor.se    lost  their 

lives  ;  and  the  vessel  was  towed  back  to  .San  1  rancisco  dismasted. 

The  schooner/.  A'.  ',' 7/ ///«i,'  sailed  Ivnu  Portland  in  March  with  i  10, oou  feet  of  lumber,  75,000  shingles, 
and  _^o  tons  of  flour  and  potatoes,  shipped  by  Lot  Whitcomb,  who  went  with  her,  Leonard  iS:  Green  purchased 
the  brig  Orbil  and  operated  her  in  the  Sandwich  Island  and  China  trade,  where  she  ran  for  several  years  in 
command  of  M.  C.  F^r.skine.  The  other  ves.sels  of  the  coasting  fleet  running  to  the  Columbia  were  about  the  same 
in  name  and  number  as  in  the  preceding  year.     The  bark  I.ivt-  Yankee  sailed  from   Puget  Sound  for  China  laden 

with  lumber,  and  the  fleet  engaged  in  this  trade  be- 
tween San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sv.nnd  ports  included 
the  barks  /Ironies,  Mary  Melville,  .Uadoiiiia,  Sarah 
IVarreii,  Carib,  the  brigs/.  /!.  Ihoaii,  Consort,  I.eonosa, 
Franklin  .Idain.s,  Ilaleyon,  Merehanlnian,  ll'e/lini;sby, 
Cleiiroe,  R  D.  Wolf,  and  the  ship  /etiobia,  the  latter 
making  two  trips  fnini  Alaska  to  San  F'rancisco  with 
ice.  Tillr.mook  car  e  to  the  frjut  with  a  home-built 
schooner,  the  Morni.:i;  Star,'  wnich  made  her  first  trip 
to  the  Columbia  in  F'ebrnary.  Another  small  schooner 
was  constructed  at  Port  Ludlow  and  christened  the 
Moses  'loner.'  From  Victoria  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany dispatched  their  schooner  h'eeoieiy  with  a  cargo 
of  salt  salmon  for  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

Among    the    disasters    in    ;  .'.ditioti    to    those 
Asa  /   Mccri.Lv  occurring    to   the   steam    fleet    were    the    loss   of  the  invm  mi.ci  i.i.y 

'  TIu'  .Itnen'iii,  which  arrivfl  at  ,Saii  I*rancisc<i  in  ISt,4,  was  a  new  vessi-I,  l)nilt,  al)onl  two  yeais  before  her  linal  ilisaster.  in  a 
very  suhstantial  manner  1)1' seasoned  while  oak,  ihesmut,  eeilar  anil  loeiisl.  ,Slic  ran  iiiirlh  for  .several  inonlh.s  lliat  year  ami  was 
al'terwaril  on  llie  sonlhern  route.  lVe(|iienlly  cliaiiKinH  lianils.  .Slie  was  213  feet  lon^,  .^2  feet  beam,  anil  iS  feet  hohl,  witli  ciiHines 
511  X  1  2u  inilies.  .-\fter  tile  disaster  an  attempt  uas  made  to  ^et  the  steamer  haek  to  San  Kraneisco,  l)Ut  it  proved  a  failure,  and  slie 
heeaine  a  total  lo'.s. 

"  I'atrii'k  Moran,  ])rotiaMy  the  oldest  liviu);  stewaril  in  the  Nortluvest,  was  one  of  tlie  ercw  of  tlie  .  hiiiriea.  He  was  horn 
in  Ireland  in  is^i.  .Mter  tlie  hnmiiiK  of  the  .  hiienm  lie  ran  for  a  while  on  the  Sea  liiid,  ihei  on  the  old  ( 'I'liiiiioclore.  which  after- 
ward liecaiiie  the  flio/lrer  /oiialliiiii,  and  siilisei|iiemlv  on  the  I'licitn.  Mniiiitiiiii  Hiiik,  IJiiele  Sam.  Lrlniatli'.  and  the  new 
.liiieiua.  which  w.is  ninuiti^'  to  Panama  .ind  China.  .\t  the  time  of  the  C.irilio  1  e\citcnieiit  he  went  to  the  mines,  icinaiiiin^  three 
years.  Kctiiriiiti^  he  served  on  the  I'iicihc  .Mail  steamers  two  years,  then  went  I'li  the  ste.aniers  (,'eon^e  S.  tt'eii;!/!  .\]m\  (iits.^ie 
Telfair,  and  n-maiiied  with  them  until  1S70,  when  he  entered  the  eniplos  of  the  (  he^on  Steam  Navi^.-itioii  Company.  Since  then, 
wil''  the  e.\cej)tion  of  about  three  -ears,  he  h.is  been  stcw.ard  on  the  various  steamers  of  that  <Mnnpany  anil  its  successors  .\t  present 
he  is  eniployeil  on  the  T.  J,  roller. 

"The  schooner  .Mftruini^  .Slar,  which  was  launched  at  Till.uiiook  this  year,  was  a  vessel  of  .\i)  tons  rej.ri.,tt>r.  She  was  ,iS 
feet  lont;,  1  |  feet  beam,  and  5  feet  6  inches  hold,  and  wasbnilt  by  C.  W.  Itendrickson,  her  master,  Oveil  riioinas,  and  I'etei  Morgan, 
each  of  wlioui  owueil  a  tiiini  interest,  The  followiu);  year  she  became  the  properly  of  I,eonard  M:  C.reeii,  by  whom  she  was  -old  a 
few  years  later  to  ( llympia  p.irlies. 

'The  schooner  Moses  Toner,  bnilt  at  Port  I.ndlow,  was  a  small  craft,  beiui;  onlv  ',S  feel  lonn,  with  in  feet  beam.  She  was 
sailed  by  her  ina.ster  and  bnilder,  Moses  d.  Toner,  and  enjoyed  a  lucrative  business  trailing'  on  the  Sound. 


Fugt^'i  Sound  Stoamljoats,  Gulden  Days  of  F riser  River  Navigation 


59 


lirijr  Detroit'  on  Clatsop  Spit  and  tlie  schooner  I.oo  Choo  '"  at  the  niontli  of  the  t'lnpriua.  The  l)riK  Ifodi^doti  sailed 
away  from  Puget  Sound  in  the  fall,  and  her  name  is  still  on  the  lonjf  list  of  vessels  which  have  never  been  heard 
(if  since.  She  was  destined  for  San  Francisco,  and  left  the  Sound  about  the  right  time  to  catch  the  full 
force  of  the  gale  which  disabied  and  nearly  wrecked  the  steamship  Califomin.  In  July  the  Hawaiian  bark 
l.,iuil;ci.  Captain  Wilfong,  went  ashore  on  San  Juan  Islantl,  becoming  a  total  loss.  The  steamer  Mujor 
l\>inpl;iiis,  irreverently  called  "  Tumpkins,"  left  Olympia  on  her  last  trip  at  2:00  i'.  .m.,  February  8,  1S55, 
nul.  tVom  entries  in  her  log,  time  does  not  appear  to  have  been  much  of  an  object.  She  arrived  at 
Steilacoom  at  5:00  v.  m.  and  left  there  at  9:00  .\.  m.  on  the  ninth,  arriving  at  Seattle  at  Jino  p.  m,;  left 
Seattle  at  10:00  P.  .M.  and  arrived  at  Port  Town.send  at  ,voo  .\.  .m.  on  the  tenth;  left  Port  Town.send  at  2:00  l'.  .M. 
lor  \'ictoria,  calling  at  W'hidby  Island,  where  Colonel  F^bey  was  landed.  ( )n  getting  away  from  the  island  .she 
..Miconntered  a  sfpiall  and  turned  hack  for  Port  Townsend,  but,  the  wind  abating,  again  headed  for  Victoria.  At 
I  1:00  r.  M.  the  captain  believed  that  he  was  in  the  vicinity  of  lisipiimalt  and  started  to  run  in,  but  before  he  had 
proceeded  far  ob.served  breakers  ahead.  The  anchor  was  immediately  let  go  but  would  not  hold,  and  the  vessel 
ilragged  toward  the  rocks,  upon  which  she  finally  struck.  The  jiassengers  and  crew  at  once  scraud)led  on  to  the 
ledge,  which  in  places  projected  above  the  water,  in  order  to  escajie  the  fury  of  the  waves,  and  not  a  moment  too 
sDun,  for  the  next  sea  destroyed  the  deck-house  and  swept  it  away.  Ml  hands  reached  shore  without  difliculty, 
arriving  at  \'ictoria  at  3.00  r.  m.,  when  those  who  so  desired  were  rciiirned  to  the  .\merican  side  b\-  the  steamer 
l!,\i:'ir  the  following  da>  . 

The  year  1S36  witnessed  no  great  changes  in  the  marine  business,  and  but  few  additions  were  made  to  the 
licet  of  steam  and  sailing 
craft.  Coos  li.iy  rejoiced 
liver  the  completion  of  the 
first  vessel  built  in  ( )regon 
south  of  the  Columbia  River. 
This  was  a  small  schooner 
called  the  /  'iii/^i/ita.  .She  was 
launched  at  .Scottsburg,  and 
Captain  Ilinsilale,  who  a  few 
\  ears  before  had  inaugurated 
steaniboating  in  that  .section 
with  the  1/ 'r(>///wi,'/iw,  was  in 
coninir,  nd.  The  I'liifii/n.! 
Lii,t;aged  in  the  coasting  li.ule, 
and  was  a  handy  little  vessel, 
making  (piick  and  iirofitable 
trips  to  the  l'.,i\  City.  .\n- 
other  marine  event  of  consid 
iialile  importance  at  Coo- 
li,i>  was  a  visit  from  llu 
-U-aiiier  .Wiifeii,  ,1  small  pro- 
peller, which  afterward  made 

several   trii      between   the  Oregmi    jiort   and  San   Francisco,  carrying  i:'i4\    from    the 
I'hiiiagan  &  Mann,  and  at  present  owned   by  Goodall.  Perkins  vV  Co. 

The  Held  (or  steamhoating  on  the  ui^ier  Willamette  was  enlarged  coiisiderablv  b\  iIr-  steamer  /lUius 
(  Union"  e.xtendinv;  her  t,  ips  to  luigeiie  Cit\ .  None  of  the  steamers  piior  to  this  had  attempted  to  go  much  above 
Corvallis.  Tile  (  tiiil.ni  arrived  .'t  ICugene,  March  utli,  having  liecn  three  days  on  the  way  from  Corvallis. 
Time  however,  did  not  cut  so  much  of  a  figure  then  as  now:  beside,  the  oiti/ens  of  luigeiie  had  promised  to  purchase 
,-;;,, .11 1.,  uortii  of  slock  in  the  steame;  when  siie  reachefl  then-,  ami  it  1-  altogether  prnbable  thai  C.ipl;un  Cochran 
would  have  l.iken   h  -r  through  if  it  li.id  re(|iiiri'd  three  weeks  iiisU':iil  of  three  d:i\s.      Indirectly   this  tri])  of  the 


:^l  I-:.\M.M111        tlKt.i.tj:. 

second  .American  Sti-nnwhip  to  kutimi  tht-  Horn 


then 


iperalei 


1    liv 


1     '  !■ 


I  ki 


% 


' 'i'be  lirig  /)ftii>if  saik-il  Iroin  .-\sl(iri:i  IVir  San  I-ritiirisfn,  llfcemher  25.  1S55.  .mil  in  pHssiii^  oat  ut  Ihc  nvor  iiiis.seii  llu 
iliminul  aiiii  siriu'k  lu-iivily  on  the  siuiils,  1ml  riiKilly  reaelu'il  deep  water.  In  twenty  minutes  tier  hoM  lilleil  In  a  ileptli  of  seven 
lii'l.  Tile  frij,'lileneil  <  rew  rel'nseil  to  woik,  ami  tile  pilot  lioat  I'liliioniia  li,i\in(;  lieeii  close  .it  liaml  llie>'  were  taken  aboard  ami 
I'lrrieil  In  .\stori,i.  liel'ire  leaviii'.;  iSie  vessel  lier  \anls  were  si|iia'eil  lip  lor  -.lioie  ami  tlie  helni  laslieil.  In  lliis  ni.inner  the  lia:k 
-.iili'ii  .I'lonl  tin  oliiiij;  i.ir  Iweiily  (onr  hours,  llnally  KoiiiK  aslioie  ne.ir  lillamook  lie. id,  where  James  Cook  nl'  .\storia  wreekeil  lier. 
'Mir  Ihttii'it  w.is  liiiili  m  tiuiirmii,  Conn.,  in  iS^^fj,  aful  reHisteii'l  niu-  liumlreil  .iipl  rorly-mie  tons,  lier  'linteM'-ions  were  lenj^lli, 
^1  liet  ;  lieani,  2\  feel  ;  ileplli  ol'  hold,  i)  feet. 

'"The  sohootier  I .<><>  Choo,  owned  and  s;iiled  !>>  Captain  Hiij-hes.  1 11  lOitU  I'roni  .S.m  l*raiioiseo  with  a  <';nj.:o  of  Lieiieral 
III'  ii'liamlise.  arrived  olT  the  I'mpipia,  July  i.itli.  and  slaried  to  s.iil  in  Just  alter  passing  llu-  south  spit  the  wind  died  out.  ami  the 
^' liooiier  drifted  li.iek  on  the  spit.  Most  of  the  ear. no  was  snxed  .it  low  H:iiei  in  a  dania;.;ed  eondilion,  Km  the  vessel  was  alino-i  a 
iit.i!  loss,  the  wreek  sellini;  at  auetion  for  four  luiudred  .ind  si\iy-live  dollars.     Then  w.is  no  insnrauee  on  vessel  o    I'argo. 

'  The  loiiii'i  Clinton  was  Iniilt  u  Ciiieniah  liy  Captain  Cissidy,  Capt.  John  (•ilisoii  and  C:ipt,iiii  Coiiiran,  who  eoiistnieted 
llie  steamer  Siofiiiso  the  following  year  Ui  eoniplete  their  Iransporlation  line.  The  ('in/on  w,is  eiiniinanded  li\  Coehran  and 
'"•'''^on  and  was  not  a  \ery  ^ood  boat,  but,  having;  been  llu  last  steamer  to  .aseeud  Ihe  Willatnetlo  as  far  as  luifjcne,  she  has  alwins 
l"iM  tli«  crnler  of  eon^ideralile  iiileresi  .\lter  rnniiiiin  a  shorl  time  she  w.is  dismantled  and  the  engines  sent  loCoiw  llav  and  plai  ed 
"'  :''!■  •iiilellil,. 


!l 


n 


60 


Lewis  c{  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortliwest 


C/inlon  was  destined  to  be  of  great  importance  to  the  Willamette  Valley,  as  the  ultimate  organization  of  the 
People's  Transportation  Company  was  the  consummation  of  plans  laid  by  the  McCuUys  wlien  they  secured  the 
Clitilon  for  tlie  upper  river  trade.  The  McCnllys  were  eiitfajied  in  the  mercantile  l)Usiiiess  at  llarrisburR,  and 
could  not  induce  Cai)tain  Jamieson  to  run  the  Enlcrpriu-  farther  Uj)  tlian  New  (Ji lea-is  (a  point  near  where 
CorvalHs  now  stands),  necessitutinj;  a  long  haul  l)y  ox-teams  over  rough  trails  before  tlie  goods  could  be  laid 
down  at  the  store.  The  Clinton  was  running  on  the  Yamhill  route,  and,  when  David  McCully  interviewed  Captain 
Cochran,  he  agreed  to  make  the  change  if  the  citizens  of  Harrisburg  and  Ivugene  would  sul)scribe  a  certain  amount 
of  stock.  This  was  ipiickly  taken,  and,  as  each  of  the  numerous  holders  did  considerable  sliipping  on  their  own 
account,  the  Clinton  enjoyed  a  good  business,  which  iiureased  as  other  steauiers  were  .'.dded  to  tlie  line,  aiul  the 
final  organi/ation  of  the  People's  Transporlatidti  Conipaiiy  was  made  easy.  Tlie  advent  of  the  ( ////Av;  .uid  the 
return  of  the  /'ranklin  from  her  subsidized  retirement  ap])areiitly  did  not  affect  freight  :ates  on  the  Willamette,  for 
they  continued  nearly  "s  high  as  they  had  been  years  before,  when  Cajjtains  George  I'ease  and  J.  I).  Miller  carried 
all  of  the  grain  down  the  river  in  (latboats  propelled  by  Indians.  As  •:  reminder  of  the  old  steamer  Canimah,  a 
pioneer  resident  of  CorvalHs  still  has  in  his  po.ssession  a  shipping  receipt  for  two  hundred  busliels  of  wheal,  which 
reads  as  follows  ; 

"  Sliii>i>t'il  ill  ^i>{)(i  onier  iitiil  well  roiHlilioiieil.  on  Itoanl  Ihe  sir.  ( 'ittirmah,  at  t!ie  port  of  Corvallis,  Uiis  221!  dav  of  Ma\*.  1S56, 
!)>■  j.  C  .\vfry  vS:  Co.,  the  following  iiftineil  articles  of  Ircij^lit,  and  mMii)>ere(l  as  in  the  margin,  anil  to  he  (ii-livereil  in  like  order  and 
condition   at   the  port  of  Caneiiiah  (the  danger  of  river  navij^alion,  tire  iunl  nnavoidahle   acci<leiits  only   excepted),  n'.Uo  John 

.MeCan^;hin  or  assigns,  he  t)r  they  jiayin^  freij^ht  for  the  same  at  tile  rate 

01  2c)e  per  Ijnshel." 

Captain  Murray  had  been  niniiiiig  the  /'oyi/iniil  in  con- 
nection with  the  l-.nUrftrisc  as  the  Citizens'  Line,  Imt  took 
her  off  the  route  in  Septemt)er  to  make  a  few  trips  to  .\storia, 
replacing  the  Multnomali,  wliich  was  laid  up  for  repairs.  On 
the  return  of  the  Mullnoniali  the  i'oitlanJ  was  taken  above  the 
falls,  and  began  running  in  charge  of  Jamieson,  who  afterward 
met  a  tragic  death  by  going  over  the  falls  with  the  old  steamer. 
The  steamship  Ciixon"  made  .several  trips  to  the  Columbia  and 
Puget  Sound  this  year.  The  steamship  AV/"?*/),'/'/-,  Ishani,  master, 
was  also  in  the  same  .service,  while  the  old  steamship  Columhia. 
the  ])ioneer  in  the  trade,  coiitimied  her  .semi-niontlily  trips  in 
coiniiiand  of  Dall.  The  tertfirs  of  navigation  at  the  nioutli  of 
the  Columbia  were  materially  lessened  by  the  comidetion  of  the 
lighthou.se  at  Cape  Disaiipointment,  the  light  flashing  for  the 
first  time  October  isth,  much  to  the  satisfiction  of  pilots  Cole, 
Hustler,  Rogers  and  Crosby,  who  were  still  beating  about  the 
offing  in  the  pilot  l)oat  Calilornia.  Tlie  riiiled  States  revenue 
cutters /iv  /.tinf  and  /r/i' / >ii:is"  were  cruising  in  the  Xorthwest, 
the  former  spending  the  most  of  the  time  in  the  Columbia  and 
the  latter  on  the  Sound,  where  she  remained  until  she  was  sold 
•=-:.-.iti"?  .  1^^.  jjjg  (loveriiment  in  ia<i2.    The  Senoriln.  which  had  risen  from 

(.KOKitlv    II.    KNAiiiiS 

the  ruins  of  the  ill-fated  (ni'illi ,  w.:s  ])laced  on  the  Cascade  route 
in  .\pril,  in  command  of  Captain  Wells,  but.  being  deficient  in  power,  was  hauled  ofl'  in  Xovember  to  be  refitted. 
.\bove  the   Cascades   the  steamer  Mary,   Daniel   Haughinaii,  master,    iiid  George  Kiiaggs,"  purser,  was  making 

'•The  steamsliip  ()it\t;i>n,  wliicli  played  a  very  important  part  in  early  navixation  on  the  Coa.st,  was  hnili  in  New  Vork  in 
|.S.|S,  and  came  to  the  I'acitir  the  fidlowinj;  spring,  arriving;  in  San  I'rancisco,  Mareh  ji,  iSjt,,  She  was  20S  feet  long,  3,^  feet  loiiiches 
heain.  and  20  feet  hold.  She  had  three  m.'ists,  and,  .-lecordin^;  to  her  cnstom  house  register,  was  of  i,,=i'i.^  ton.s  hnrden.  Her  first  work 
on  the  \',u\{'\c  was  on  the  Panama  ronte,  where  she  reTiiaiiud  several  years,  h.ivinn  heeii  oiii'  of  the  pioneer  vessels  of  the  I'aiifie  Mail 
Conipan>'.  On  the  tlrst  trip  to  X'anronviT  and  rorll.and  in  1S56  she  w.is  in  eomniand  of  Captain  Lapid^e.  In  1S5S  Captain 
l-'atterson  was  in  c'har^;e,  and  he  was  siirceeded  by  W.  II.  IIiiilsoi;,  l''rancis  Conner,  II.  |.  Johnslon  Cliris  .iml  William  Dall.  Scholl. 
and  others.  Dnriii;;  the  I'raser  River  mining;  exeitenu  nt  Ihe  old  steamer  made  ,1  forlniic  for  (he  '<wiiers  ne.irly  every  tri]!.  carrying 
freipienlh-  from  .S'xi  to  700  passengers.  In  1S66  the  On  t^oti  was  running  south  from  S.tn  i-'raneisi  o  in  eonimand  of  Dall,  and  in  May 
collided  with  and  sank  a  British  hark  in  the  (Inlf  of  California.  When  Men  Holladay  eni'iarked  in  the  steamship  Inisiness  in  the 
sixties,  Ihe  s'.eamer  hecaine  his  properl>  .  and  lie  kept  iier  moving;  nntil  \'Vn).  wlier.  he  -^idd  lo  .\il.uns  M:  lilinn,  the  Seaheck  millmen, 
who  reinovi 'I  the  ni.-iehiner\'  and  ecniverted  the  steamer  into  a  Uimher  h.irk.  fonlinnni;..;  her  in  the  <(iaslinj(  trade  for  many  years 
hefore  she  was  linallv  laid  up.  The  old  ()/t\i;'in  will  liv*'  lon^  in  the  hearts  of  ilie  Calilornia  pioneers  as  the  steamer  whirli  hroii^ht 
the  first  mail  from  tile  .Mlantie  .Slates.  She  earrieil  vv  passenxers  on  lli<'  iiulial  voyage,  most  of  whom  left  her  at  .\s|iiiittall,  and. 
irossinj.;  the  Islhmns.  joined  the  steamer  aKain  at  I'.inama.  TUv  Oi/xon  w.i'-  [ueiedeil  hy  tb<  old  (  .i/i/.ii  iiiii  .\ni\  followed  li>  the 
/'tiniiftiit,  all  three  having;  heen  Imilt  for  the  raeifie  Coast  trade  before  ihe  diseo-  .  ry  of  j^old  was  made  known  in  the  ICast 

"'\'\h-  /i  li  Dinis  w.is  sulci  in  iSi)2  lo  (Irennen  iV  Craney  of  I'lsalady  for  t'<'i''<-  Tin  \  refitted  and  ^ent  her  lo  China,  earryiiiK 
as  larxo  a  li.il-liotlonied  sternwheeler,  which  was  lo  he  supplied  with  the  engines  from  Tom  Wri(;lil's  old  t'li/ii/iiis, .  dismantleil 
on  the  Chehalis. 

"  Vfeor>ie  11.  Kiia^jis.  who  was  lairser  on  the  steamer  Jt<ity  in  185^1,  is  tin*  hest  known  of  ;tn>'  of  Ihe  o'd  Ore;.;on  Steam 
N'avi^'ation  force  on  Ihe  liliddle  and  uliper  river,  lie  hev(.ni  steamlioatin^  when  -1  bo\  on  Ihe  Mississippi.  Iietwi'en  .St  I.onis  and  New 
(Irlea.is.  serving  .is  rierk,  and  afterward  runnin>4  belween  St.  I  onis  and  Keokuk  in  Ihe  same  eapaeit)'  On  .  nih.ii^  to  llir 
I'aeilie  Coast,  in  1S56.  he  ohtained  a  ixisition  on  the  middle  river  as  purser  on  the  steamer  Viifv,  ^;f»itig  snbseipu-ii'.  1  ^  10  the  oil 
//ii\\ii/<t  and  /</(!//('.  Althon>;h  serving  most  of  the  lime  as  purser,  he  made  oe.asional  speei.-il  trips  as  master,  and  folhjwed 
his  vocation  on  the  steamers  Oneonia,  Vai^v  /limwoilli,  Mountain  ijuttn  and  A'.  A.  //i<'iii/iiO»  ou  the  luiddle  rivei  uud  uii  must  of 


Puget  Sound  Steamboats,  Golden  Days  nf  Fraser  River  Navigation 


6i 


regular  trips.  Portland  had  by  tnis  time  developed  into  so  much  of  a  city  that,  in  November,  Capt.  James  B. 
Stephens  and  a  niiin  named  I'Vush  established  a  horse  ferry,  running  to  the  east  side  of  the  river.  At  Portland, 
Terrence  (Juinn  built  a  small  schooner  called  the  ('n/awr/.''  which  was  placed  in  the  Vacpiina  trade  in  command 
of  Capt.  John  Harlow. 

The  Indian  troubles  on  the  Columbia  River  and  Puget  .Sound  rendered  the  presence  of  an  increa.sed  number 
of  troops  a  necessity,  and  the  ocean  steamships  and  river  steamers  were  busy  transporting  them  from  one  part  of 
the  country  to  the  other.  .Steilacoom  was  the  liead(|uarters  for  the  Sound,  and  the  Rrfmhiic  and  f  'alifornia  made 
several  trips  to  this  point  on  (iovernment  business,  (lovernor  Douglas  of  \'ictoria  kindly  placed  the  steamshiii 
/{f/nrr  al  the  disposal  of  the  .American  authorities,  and  she  was  under  orders  from  the  (iovernor  of  Washington 
Territory  until  the  excitement  abated.  The  bark  lirontfs  was  loading  piles  at  Seattle  when  the  Indians  made  a 
savage  attack  on  the  citizens  of  that  place,  and  .she  was  obliged  to  suspend  operations  to  afford  shelter  to  the 
terror-stricken  people  and  their  effects,  which  they  dared  not  leave  on  shore.  On  the  middle  Columbia, 
steaml)oating  was  a  hazardous  business  lor  a  few  weeks.  Swarms  of  hostile  savages  along  the  river  fired  on  the 
passing  steamers,  making  life  decidedly  unpleasant  for  those  on  board.  The  Mary,  in  command  of  Capt.  Dan 
Baughinan,  met  with  the  warmest  iception  at  the  hands  of  the  redskins,  and  it  was  by  the  merest  chance  that  she 
escaped  falling  into  their  hands  isee  .steamer  Mary,  1.S54).  While  the  skirmish  was  in  progress  at  the  Cascades, 
the  steamer  /<•«««•  Clark  made  the  run  from  that  point  to  Portland  in  four  hours  and  forty-five  miinites,  a  speed 
which  w.is  considered  remarkable  at  that  period.  The  United  States  fleet  attracted  to  the  .Sound  by  the  Indian 
war  included  the  revenue  cutter  ,/'//  Ihivia,  the  steamers  John  llaiicock,  Massailiiiscl/s  and  .  h/irr.  and  the 
sloop-of-war  Diialur,  the  latter  vessel  taking  the  more  prominent  part  in  the  battles  between  the  Indians  and  the 
whites.  The  /V/(//«;  was  officered  as  follows:  J.  ,S.  Sterrel,  commander;  T.  G.  Dalles,  master;  Iv.  Middleton, 
.\.  K.  Hughes,  .\.  J.  Drake,  T.  S.  Phelps,  lieutenants;  J.  J.  Jones,  purser. 

In  the  coasting  trade  nearly  all  of  the  old-timers  and  a  few  new  sailing  vessels  were  engaged.  Running  to 
'he  Columbia  River  were  the  barks  I'has.  Devens.  Haley,  master  ;  Na/iumkrai; ,  Williams  ;  I'.iiiily  Minor"'  .Stai)les 
Sam  McrritI,'  (Jove:  /;,'ano?i'i/a,  Drydeii  ;  Oiran  Bird,  Wiggins;  Metropolis,  Preston;  AVrr  World,  I.ibby  ; 
Pesu-mona,  Slocum  ;  brigs  ffaliyon.  Captain  Flavel  ;  Siaan  .  Id/fial,  .Stannard  ;  /'ranrisro.  Smith  :  Colorado, 
Smiti  'latoa,  Davenport:  .schooners  Matlhc-iV  Vassar,  Dodge;  /.  A',  li'liitini^,  Blair;  (htadraliis,  Heiider.son. 
In  V.-i.  .1(1  lumber  traflic  was  a  large  fleet  of  coasters,  Keller's  Mills  alone  furnisliiTig  fifty-two  cargoes,  and 

several  vessels  loaded  for  foreign  ports.  Among  the  lleet  thus  engaged  were  the  following  well-known  vessels 
anil  masters;  Barks  Or/,'"  ( )akes,  master:  Jeinix  I'ord,  Sargent:  Madonna,  Hoyce  ;  Carib,  Rand;  America, 
Sjiarriiw  :  l:lla  /■'ram is,  Mitchell  ;  brigs  Gleneoe,  Carleton  ;  Cron;!-  l-'.mory.  Trask  ;  Consort,  Bailey  ;  S7,iss  floy. 
Kni])e ;  Merehantnian,  Pray:  Cyrus.  Smith;  W'illimantie.  lioyling :  schooners  San  lliei^o,  Crol'toi;  ;  and  /..  P. 
/•'osier,  Johnson.  Coal  formed  the  principal  freight  from  Coos  Bav.  and  was  sold  for  $1(1  per  ton  in  San  Prancisco. 
The  brigs  '■'a;,n.  Bunker,  master;  ,S.  A',  /ad-so/i,  Simmons;  /.  />'.  />'ro;t'n,  Higgins  ;  and  the  bark  ('liii\e.  Captain 
Harris,  were  in  this  trade  :  and  the  schooners  Paleslini-.  Kedfield,  master,  and  f.'n//>>/iia,  ]imf^.  master,  were  running 
t'l  the  rmpipia.  In  the  oyster  business  between  .Slioalwater  Bay  and  ,San  Francisco  were  the  schooTic-s  litjidty." 
.Morgan,  master;  I'intny  Pipey,  .Mien;  Maryland.  Bushm.-m  :  and  l\inliac,  Lemman.  .Among  the  niunerous 
iiireign  vessels  coming  to  the  .Sound  for  cargoes  was  the  Dutch  ship  U'illianisluiix,  v/U'kU  loaded  spars  tor  the 
French  Navy.  The  cirgo  was  secured  at  McDonough's  Island,  opposite  Penn's  Cove,  and  included  one  hundred 
spars  from  So  to  i2i>  feel  in  length,  and  measuring  from  thirty  inches  to  forty-three  inches  in  diameter.     .\  local 


tin-  collipillly's  stf.iiiR'TS  111!  llic  iippiM  rivii.  I'or  a  jierioil  ol  Cu  u  years  lie  was  amiil  for  [Uv  nvvy,rn\  .Snaiii  .N'.ivig  iliiiii  Cimipany  al 
I.i'wisliiti,  anil  for  one  year  was  in  cliarnf  of  its  affairs  at  I.aki'  I'lMi  il'OreiUi'.  lie  rctirt'd  from  tlie  river  suvrral  years  ago,  Imt  Ins  11  ante 
will  always  he  assni  ialeil  witli  tlie  ^'oldeii  il.iys  of  stcaiiilioaliiiH  on  llie  Coluiiilii.i,  liefore  r.iilroads  revoliuioiii/,id  men  ami  metlKjils. 

''Tile  -elirioner  (l"il/i(W(7,  hniU  in  Iv.isl  Portland  in  I,S56,  was  a  small  vi-ssel  nf  aliont  ,VS  l""s  linnlen.  and  is  credited  willi 
having  lieeti  the  lirsl  vessid  to  enter  Vai|nina  Hay.  She  was  owned  hy  C.ipt.  John  Ilarlow,  lier  iirst  master,  J.  C.  Ainsworth,  (",eorj;e 
.Ahernelhy,  and  II.  Jcnninxs.  The  initi.d  trip  Wiis  sucee.ssfnl,  but  on  her  return  she  was  put  in  eommanil  of  Captain  Tirhnor.  who  mad(' 
a  trip  to  the  Silet/,  where  she  went  ashore  and  was  aliandoiied.  The  schooner  wa-  afterward  rinhted,  taken  to  Portland  in  the 
spring  of  1S57,  repaired,  ami  sold  to  ..^1  ■sunder  l)od),'o,  Henry  I'liller,  (.'liarles  I'.  Stewart.  James  O'.Neill,  and  John  .\.  Il.ivw.ird,  who 
hicalile  master.  In  Octolier  she  driflcil  .ishori'  at  Vacpiina,  and.  after  vadilv  Iryili),'  to  pnll  her  into  deep  w.itcr.  Capt.  Thomas 
.Moimtaill  was  j,'iven  eharne.  He  placed  rollers  nmler  the  vessel  and  wheeled  ami  rolled  her  2.\'ot  vaids  to  the  N'acpiina  River,  where 
she  was  hiimcheil  Noveinljer  .^ith,  and  -ailed  for  the  CoUimhia,  Deeemher  2d.  She  anchored  in  Maker's  Hay  leaking  so  hadlv  thai 
the  pilot  hoal  Gi/;/.ii;/(,(  went  aloiij;side  to  pnmp  her  out.  On  arrival  al  Portland  the  schooner  was  liouuhl  l)y'Ca|it.  .Mex.inder  Dodge 
and  operateil  in  the  Slioalwater  Hav  tr.ide,  occisionall'  K"'"K  '"  <  •r.iv's  H.iilpor.  While  comiiiK  from  the  hav  in  iSdo  the  f  rt/iiwc/ was 
lost  al  sea,  and  no  trace  w.is  ever  discovi'red  of  vessel  or  clew. 

'"The  hark  /Ciiiily  .Miiho  was  liiiilt  in  New  Londmi.  Conn.,  in  |H|S,  was  ukj  feel  loii);,  27  feet  heani  ,ind  i.t  feel  hold,  and 
renislered  .^h.^  tons.  Capl.  ('teor^je  W.  Stajiles,  whi'  was  in  commaml,  was  alter'.,  inl  master  on  steamers  niiininn  north  fioni  San 
I'raiieisco.     He  mcl  with  n  traijie  death  in  Portland  lUirinn  the  war,  hciiiK  shot  li>  a  H'Unhler  named  I'red  Patterson. 

'  I'll!'  hark  Sum  Miiiitl  was  for  nianv  years  n  regular  visitor  to  the  Colnmhia  River  and  to  PuHet  Sound  jiorls.  After  Cove 
lelt  her  she  was  ci)mmaiideil  hy  Williams  ami  Wimjins  and  conliniied  run  ling  until  iSdd,  when  the  steamers  drove  her  from 
the  roaslinH  service,  and  she  was  sold  to  enter  Ihe  HollolllUl  traile. 

'"The  hark  Oik,  which  had  liieii  rniinin^'  to  the  Northwest  since  1S50,  w.is  a  very  fast  sailer  iiid  made  some  ralllinn  passages 
tii'tween  Sail  I'raneisco  and  I'liyel  .Sound  ports.  She  i  ame  <mt  from  New  York  in  1.S50  willi  «  car^o  of  Hour,  making  the  run  in 
120  d.iys  in  eommanil  m  Captain  Hiitchins.  She  was  afterward  in  charge  of  Cajit.  .V  V.  Trask.  Captains  r.ainli.  Prank,  Oakes 
iiid  others 

'■'The  schooner  ICjuily  was  a  vener  dile  craft  when  her  new  owners  hoiighl  her.  She  was  hiiilt  at  lirockliaven.  N.  V  ,  in 
IMS-  'ler  dimensions  were  :  length,  07  1  ■.  '  he.im,  21  feet;  depth,  7  feel.  lonnaKc,  Sij  \fter  coining  out  Ironi  the  I'.ast  she  ran 
north  from  San  I'raneisco  until  iSsh,  when  s.h-  was  sold  to  J.  I,.  MorKan,  her  master,  Mark  Wiiiaiil.  Kicliard  !.  Will.ird,  and  SHinnel 
Winaiil,  all  residing  al  Shoalwali  r  Hav 


M    ,  '  *'^ 


I 


62 


Lvwis  cf  Dryden'a  M:irinv  History  of  tho  Piicific  Northwest 


Tin-  vc-ssil   \v:is  (luiiid   li 


nc\vs|)a])Lr,  in  iiniiomiciiij;  tin-  (kp.iittirc  of  tlic  ship  lor  Toulon  iti  Novuinbii,  said,  "  Tlu-  caiiniilii  was  (-onipilli'd 
to  nintilaU'  tlic  vi'ssul  in  a  sliockiii);;  manner  in  ordtr  to  j;ut  sn<li  liiinc  tinibcrs  on  Ixiard." 

At  I'ort  ( )rc'liard  tlic  schooner  /.  /.  .S'Atvv/*, '"  which  allciward  attainL'il  considcralilc  cclchritv  (hiring  the 
huHaii  war,  was  laMiiclicd,  and  'Pillaniook  came  to  the  front  with  anothci,  tlic  f/////.  '  Al  \'ictoria  several  wai 
\essels  ren<le/.voused,  and  made  a  ntindier  of  cruises  in  the  Xorth  Pacific  Ocean  in 
search  of  unprotected  Kussinn  vessels  thai  ininht  he  at  larnc.  'Pile  liritisli  I'rigale 
.  tinfiliiltiti-  sii^htcd  a  collide  of  Russian  clippers,  the  h'lniKMlinlkc  and  the  SI.  Xidu'las, 
and  chased  them  into  San  !''rancisco  harhor,  then  hovered  aroninl  outside  endeavoring; 
to  coax  them  out.  They  made  one  atlemj)!  to  steal  away,  Imt  the  liritisher  was  too 
(piick  for  them,  and  they  hurried  hack.  The  Crimean  War  lasted  s.)  lou);  that  they 
were  finally  sold  to  pay  their  debts  in  port. 

l'"our  well  known  coasters  met  with  disaster  in  iSs''  The  schooner  i  li<iil(>lli-, 
Capl.iin  Owens,  while  in  the  California  coasting  trade,  came  to  a  sudden  end  I'"el)ruary 
sill  in  atlemptin;^  to  sail  into  Klaiiiath  River.  She  struck  on  the  bar  and  soon  broke 
up.  Hoth  vessel  and  ear^o  were  lost.  The  bark  /I'liii  (  ,  I'lcimuil,  owned  by  Wether- 
bee  it  Talbot  of  ,Saii  I'"raiicisco,  in  command  nl  Captain  Johnson,  formerly  of  the 
.schooner  A,  /'.  I'oilcr.  was  wrecked  on  Christmas  lslan<l.  November  j;d,  while  <;/  loiih- 
Irom  I'unel  Sound  with  a  caiKo  of  lumbi  i  lor  .\iistralia,  beconiini;  a  total  loss.  The 
brij;  /-(iiiii.  Captain  Hunker,  from  San  l''rancisco  for  Coos  H.iy,  was  dismasted  in  a 
sonthwcsl  j^ale  ofi'  Cape  I'erpetua,  November  Jisl,  the  mate  ,md  tlllee  seamen  losing 
their  lives.  The  c,i])lain,  lour  of  the  crew  and  three  passelij;ris  weir  icscued  by 
Indi.ilis  in  canoes  before  she  struck.  The  aci'idenl  happened  at  six  o'clock  in  the 
evening,  and  ,it  midiii^jht  tin-  brij;  drifted  as'.ioic  and  was  com]ilctel\  destroyed, 
the  captain  and  a  man  n.imed  Macey,  and  contained  (piite  a  valuable  carno,  none  of  which  was  saved,  ,\  wrtck 
which  left  a  lasting;  nionume:!'  to  mark  the  sjiol  on  which  it  occurred  was  thai  of  the  bark  /Icsdciiioiia,  whicli 
went  ashore  just  inside  the  Columbia  bar,  on  the  sands  whiili  now  bear  her  name.  The  /  K  sili  hwiih,  one  of  the 
jiioneer  coasters  in  the  Norlheru  trade,  first  crosse<l  into  the  Columbia  in  iSsi  for  Alnruelhy  \-  Clark,  in  coiumaud 
ol  Abel  Richardson.  She  w.is  built  al  Joiiesboio,  .\Ie.,  in  i>>.\~.  .ind  was  iii|  feet  lonj;.  Js  led  beam,  and  i  _'  feel 
7  inches  hold.  Atieiuethy  sidd  her  in  Annust,  i.Ssi.  to  Thomas  .Smith,  bill  she  continued  making  lennlar  Irips, 
innsl  of  the  time  in  command  of  Ileiiiy  h'ailev  .\t  the  lime  (jI  the  disaster  she  was  in  ehart;e  of  Capt.  I""raiicis 
Williams,  who  was  alleiiipliiiK  to  sail  in  wilhont  i  pilot.  She  was  loaded  lieavil\'  with  a  general  caino,  and  c.ime 
in  with  a  fair  wind  and  IIoikI  tide.  The  Ca|)taiii  afterward  slale<l  thai  the  lower  biio\-  was  .■idrift,  and  for  that 
reason  he  stood  rii;lil  up  li>i  .\stoi  ia,  looking  fiir  it  until  he  brouuhl  up  on  tin-  sands.  The  bark  lay  ipiite  eas\ 
and  iliil  not  \k%\\\  buiiipinj;  for  twenty  fi\e  hours  after  she  struck.    'I'lii-  Captain  then  went  to  .Nstcjria  for  assistance. 

seiiiriun  some   men   Irom  W.  W.    I'arker's  sawmill, 

but  wlun  they  reaclle<l  the  \essel  she  had  billed  and 

was  b(  yoiid  lelitf.     The  revenue  culler  /t'r  l.niu  had 

previously  tried   lo  i;el   her  allo.at   witlionl  success. 

.\s  miii'll  ol  the  eari;o  as  it   was  jiossible  lo  s.ivc  was  ^^^6c 

placed  on  li^;hters  and  takiii  lo  .\slnii.i.     The  crew  ^^^^J*   yjm 

stayed  by  until  the  \i\  of  January,  when  11r>  wen  '' 

•    If      ^^  taken  otf  bv  the  pilol  boat,  with  their  lUKl^a^e.     I  In 

^^^^^g^.%,  llie  fifth  they  relnriieil  witll  a  scow  for  another  load. 

^^^^^^HP.  and.  wdiile  lowing  il  'o  Ra\inoiid  s  Creek,  tin   st.iu 

^^i  swamped,  carrying  down  ( 'ieory;e  Carl  land,  tin   iisl 

of  the  crew  iiarniwh  escaping  with  their  lives,     'I'lie 

fidlowing  ilav    the    Ih  sdiiiioiiit  was   Ull    In    lu'l    late. 

The  wreck  was  sold  lo  Nbises  Rojiers  lor  ji-'is,  and 

he  leiuoved  everythiii),;   that   could    be   taken   from 

llie   hull      The  limbers  of  the  old  vessel  reniaiiKd 
in  sighl   for  many  years,  luriiisliiii^;  a  ilesi^;tiatioii  for  the  obstrnclin^;  sands,  wliieh  prior  lo  this  disaster  had  been 
nameless,     Willi.im  I.ewis      al  the  present  lime  engineer  on  the  Kalaina  railroad  lerr\  .  was  aiiioii^'  the  criw  of  the 
/)(.\<li  iJioiiii  when  she  was  wrecked. 


CO' I.     ill  MS      lll-NIIN-.M 


■rill-  mIiuiUHI    /     /.  .s/< 
III    the   Vl'sst'l.      ,S 


/.  .S/<',-y«>  was  liiiil'  li    William  Ki-iilmi.  Ivlw.inl  llnw.iol,  ainl  Willi  iiii  l''il/|i,-itnik.  llie  I, 
lie  was   |l  lei'l    Iclll>;,   I  |  leel  lie, nil,  t  feel  IliiM,  ami   rrKisliiid  2\  lulls. 


lUr  lielllv  llie  lilsl 


■  The  M'liiHiiicr  '.«// was  iif  lull  twelve  lulls  liiMclcn,  lieinj,'  VI  li'i'l   liiiiK   "illi   1 1  I'eel  li  ■.nil.     She  w.is  Iniill   li\ 
rillaiiiiMik  r.irnuTs  IhmiIimI  Ii\  her  iiMsliT,  lilhriilj.M'  Tnisk,  a  vvell-kiiuHii  cuasliiiK  ra|ilalii.     His  assm  iaios  were  jdIiii   I'liip 
(Jiiiek,  lames  I li^Kiiiliiilh:!!!!,  < ).  S   Tlmmas,  |,imes  I'niiiils,  I'leiMiiiiii  II  inis,  Jiisi.'|ili  S,  I.vmaii,  am!  I  W'^r),',!'  Weher. 

'■William  I.ewis  was  I  null  in  SeMil;iii'i  in  iS^ii,  ami  eaiiu-  tti  .Sew  N'dik  wilii  his  paiejils  in  iS)  i,  .\ttei  U'ln.^tiiiin^i  tin 
six  years  he  went  to  .New  Orleans  .in*  I  saih  <1  lo  Ma^  re  and  Ihislid  for  a  lew  vears.  In  iHs^  he  rinimled  I  he  Morn  in  the  f.iiiHa 
/'7i'///(,'  t'loini.  ami  shortlv  .■lUerw.thl  he^an  rnnnin^  to  I'.iiiaina  on  Ihe  steamships  <,'itl,tt-n  t,'ii/t'  ami  Scnom.  Aller  ihe  wiet 
/),  si/.-iiiiiiiii  he  remained  in  OrenMii  a  few  iminllis  ami  then  weiil  Id  .S.in  T'laneisi^M  ami  ran  >in  lln^  sliaiiicr  <>ii\t,'<iii  lo  Mi^vie; 
In  i.\v>  lie  relnnieil  tu  ()re).;iin,  ami  aller  a  lew  months  on  tin  steamer  Mimiiliiiii  /iiiik  went  lo  iln^  miiieh.     Ill  i,S()j  he  serve 


lip 
1'. 

te. e  <i' 
l.imes 

;(■ 

alinlll 

Is  , 
k 

lippel 
ol  lln 

at! 

ports. 

'<1 

III  till 

PiKji't  Soiinil  Slr;imlj,):)lH,  Gul'lrii  lh)yft  oC  Fr.Ki-r  RIvit  l\l:)vi</:tli(iii 


63 


Tlie  year  iSs?  marked  tlie  bi'^iiininji  of  an  era  of  |j;rfal  activity  in  stuain  navinatioii  in   the  NorlliWfst. 
'riii>^  marine   "  huom."  as  it  minlit   In- callid,  did  not  koI   fairly  nndcr  way  nntil   tlie  mininv;  cxcilcmciil  of  1.S5S, 


liiit  it>  HiowtU  iK'Kau  in  iHs; 


(I    in   lliu  yi-ars  immodiatcly  loUowinK  it  swelled   into  pnipiirtidiis  llial   en-ali 


Ibrtnnes  for  many  a  man  who  np  to  that  time 


d  coiitenled  himself  with  a  ronslalionfs  nosilioii 


riij'et  Sonnd  secnred  steam  lrans])()rtalioti  from  a  vessel  which  was  a  decided  improvement  on  the  mosi|uilii 


eel  which    had    taken    the    place  of   the    canoe   and    hatean. 


pnrt'lias( 


il  in  San  I'ranciscc)  liy  the  pioneer  steand)oat  men,  Hunt  iV  vScranlon,  who  had   previously  operaliil   the 


The   newcomer   was    the    sti-amer   I  oiislihtlioii, 

lli< 


■lA 


tioi 


■l\<iiif<k: 


on  II 


Sound 


She 


I'Han  running  on  the  ( )lympia  Victoria  loutt 


Ml  aflei    her  arrival,  Hunt 


L-rviuK  as  luaster,  John  I,,  liutler,  pilot. 


Charles  \';.  Williams  of 


01 


ymina,  purser. 


In 


.pile  of  the  fact  that 


ScrantoM  had   ihe  mail  contract  at  ^^(O.ooo  per  year,  owin^  to  the  heavy  operatiiiK  expense  he  conid  not  make  the 
pay  ;  and  the  loUowint?  spring  she  was  sold  at  Olynipia  liy  the  rnited  Slates  Marsh.il   for  f  i",  S"".  Capl- 


sli-amer 
A    IS    0 


lieiiiK  till'  purchaser,     (iove  took  her  to  San  Krancisco,  l>ut  the  ^old  excitement  of  i.Ss>;  hrounh 


I  lur 


hack  to  the  Sound,  air 


at  anclion 


for  J.) 


I  she  ran  to  the  I'Vaser  Kiver  until   the  fever  ahiled.     She  was  then   taken 
The  buyers  dismantled  the  steamer 


iw  auaiii  MMil 


.1111 


1  ringed  her  as  a  liarkeiiliue,  operatinj^  her  in  the  l'ii>;et  .Sound 
liimher  trade,  where  she  performe<l  excellent  work  for  man\-  years. 


oiiellel,  lillill     11    New 


The  steamer  (  i<ii\liliilion  was  ;i  wooden   pro] 

York  in  iHso  liy  the  alter  ward  famous  lohbyisl,  .Saiii  Ward,  and 


kodinaii   M.  Price,  siilisecpiently  C. 


or  of  New  Jersey.      Ir 


1.S51   they  started   her  to  the 


I'aiilic  Coast,  which  :it   that   time 


was  the  .Mecca  of  steam  and  sailing;  craft  which  could  not  make 
,1  living  cdsewhere.  The  i)olicy  of  tin-  I'acilic  Mail  at  that  time 
was  to  head  oil  opposition  as  .soon  as  it  jippeared,  and  they 
l)i)n);lit  the  I'oiis/iliilioii  hefore  she  re.iihed  I'aiiama,  taking;  pos- 
session at  that  port.  'I'lu'y  ran  her  as  a  spare  hoat  on  short  trips 
out  of  San  h'r.iiicisco  iiii 
Scriintoii  and  Molthrop, 


til    i.Hs'^i,  when  she  was  sold  to   Hunt, 


.\nollier  Hue  steamer,  the  .SVi?  AV/i/,  Captain  lliiiilin^;lon, 
sent  to  the  Sound  on  a  recoiinoiliaiii^  voya;;e.  Iilit  reliiriiei 
illin;;  at   I'ortliiiul  on  the  dowi 


to  ,San  l''railcisco  in   the   f:i 


passage.    ,Slie  sul)sei|iiently  made  a  few  trips  hciiii  .Sail  iMancisci 
to  the  I'mpqna,  where   she   was  enipli 


yed  liy  the  collector  to 
liilov  the  eulraiice  to  the  liaihor,  and  while  so  en^aned  lowed 
out  se\'eral  vessels.  The  .V,(  /Hn/  was  Eastern  hiiill,  comiii^;  to 
California  in  i.Ssi,  and  was  liounht  soon  aftei-  her  arrival  l)\  the 
Wiighls,  who  rail  her  on   the  sonlliern  routes  out  ol   ,S:iu  l""ran-  M.mu  m.  i  \mi  -,  i-m  v..m 

cisco,  and  in  1.S57  .sent  her  to  the  Sound,  where,  however,  slu-  '' 

reiiiaiiied  hut  ;i  short  lime,  reliiniinn  a^;ain  in  i.Ss^^-  The  Sm  Hiiil  was  the  first  sti-aiaer  ii|i  the  hiasei  j.;oiiij;  ;is 
far  as  Murderer's  liar.     .She  was  then  iii  coiiiiuaiid  of  Capl.  l''iaiicis  Conina,  and  soon  aftii   her  ad\iul  on  the  ri\ar 

l>t{llt-\  llililer  \'all  Hurm'll,  next  tin  lilt-  /i/\,aiul  .-illcrwatil  roljiiweii  iiis  prtitession  fin  llie  sleanuTs  /; .  I),  littkti ,  hltli'f>t  fiih-Hii\ 
ft'vnit'  Cttnk,  /ui/n/>fhr,  /)/n//ni'iiiti/i.  lu'liit,  A'/.-v//,  t'on'h/-:,  /\'i'\iiit\  (\inJi,  /////(/,  t):t<\<lh-i',  Nr:.  iVtit-  i  /lit-f,  iH-titttt^tin,  i'tik-inhi, 
I'lniiid.  Sfiiiiv,  h'hii  Hull-.,  Sfokmu-,  />.  S.  /lukci.  /Ai/.vi/  iliniii,  A'.  A'.  7'/ii'iii/i\iiii,  (hniil,  Onidiiil,  Slinslnnii-,  Aliiho.  <  Innii/'U'ii. 
/•■'ii,i>r:,i,  ll'ill<im,tlr  ('hit'/,   d'ttirnitu  iiitutt,  /•iinitit-  Vit'/t/t,  It't'/ioiiii ,   ,  t/ii^/:<in.  < >/iiii/>i,iu,  '/'./.  /<'//</  iin<l  rahcis 

t."apl.  Jolni  I,.  Hiiller,  wlitiw.is  male  anci  jiihil  on  llic  Hlvnuirr  ( ''ifi\/i/n/iiii/ ,  was  linrn  in  lltislnti  in  is^m.  lli-  l«->^an  liis 
'  iucii  a  11 1. 1 1 1'  nil  l)ie  .Ml.'nilic  p.ac  lifts  1  nninni.;  nnl  nt  New  Vnrk  aii<l  New  ( )i  leans.  Me  i-atne  to  ,S.in  l''i;un-is(o  in  iSji,,  :iii<l  lui'  a 
l<iM^  lime  r.m  as  mate  on  tlie  racilic  .Mail  steamcis  to  I'an.iin.i,  leaviii).;  IIumm  tin  a  lew  monllls'  seiviee  in  tile  Chilean  nav\.  .Mter 
llu'  i't'ii^hhiUnn  li-rt,  lie  was  mate  on  the  /\li::ii  .hhfi'iMHi  Tor  a  while,  and  snlisei|nenll\-  worket!  mi  the  U'llsitn  (t,  lltiiil,  WhIIi 
I'lUittt ,  i^lvnif  in.  (tithuh,  anil  other  liistorie  I'ti^el  Sonml  sleainer.s.  He  relired  Irom  the  walei  several  \e.ns  .i^o,  an«l  clie«l  ni  TciM 
'ro\\n..einl  in  isi,i, 

'Capl,  A.  11.  i  Hive  of  the  steamer  <  'nnstilHtittn  was  lioin  in  .Maine  in  i.Sji>,  tnnl  lirst  went  lo  sea  on  the  .  tfliintii,  servin;^  niilil 
1  y|S,  in  whiih  year  hi'  uas  mate  of  the  hrij;  I.Ki^nii,  lost  in  the  ('■nil  .SIri'am  while  ni  imi/r  In  Cnha.  The  lolhiwinK  season  he  loine.l 
a  roni|iany  of  ■'  liiity  iiineis,"  w  ho  pnn-hasril  the  Iiri^  (''.  li^-  A''  ni/t'//  loi  a  \ii\  a^e  to  Calitomia,  ( lovi  roiniii^  out  as  m.-ite.  t  in  .iiii\al 
.it  San  l-'i-aiiciseo  in  iSvi  lie  hi  ill  v;  hi  .in  interest  ill  tin*  A*/  i/iA'//  with  I  ir.  S.iiniifl  Men  ill.  .Alter  makiiie  two  ii  ips  to  tin-  C'lluinhia  Kivei 
he  r.in  he  I  to  I'li^et  Son  nil,  ti  .ailing  lor  ei^hl  years.  lie  was  next  ill  eommainl  ol"  llu'  liai  k  S'Uiih  ll'iit  ti'n.  remaining;  wilh  lier  11  mil 
.iIiiiil;  in  the  sixties,  when  I)r.  Merrill  liion)^iit  mil  the  harks  .SW///  ,IA';; ;// ami  //:v  )'<inkt'i\  llennnle  three  vo\  apes  ifi  e'hina  in 
\\\t- Slim  .Urn ill.  When  lliiiit  ami  Srranion  reliiHuiisheil  the  ( llvm|>i:i  ami  Victoria  mail  route,  (.aptaiii  ( io\i'  tmn^ht  tht  sti-aniei 
'  •iilsliliillKii  ami  ran  her  loi  ihree  M-ais,  in.ikinn  sivi-ral  trips  to  San  tTaneiseo.  liiialh  selliiin  llei  then  He  iieM  look  eommaml 
olllie  hark  (,V;j»/ii(',  ami  ■ilraiiileil  her  al  Vhivi'i  I'oilll,  ne.ilV'icloria  She  was  alierw.iril  llo.ili-.l  ami  s..  .1  in  Xiisli.ilia.  In  i.S(i|lii 
hioii^hi  till-  tii^  ( '\'nt\  U\ilh  I  Ironi  San  l-iamiseo,  operatinvi  her  on  i  he  Soiiinl  loi  luni  yeais.  1  li  then  wiot  to  ,San  l-raneiM  n.  where 
111  \\,is  .1  liar  pilot  for  two  years,  iiiilil  a  paralylie  stroke  IVirei-tl  him  to  retire.     Me  is  al  prir-*»*iil  livinj^  .it  '  lakiaml,  Cal. 

L'lipt.  Thomas  MiintiiiKlon,  who  eonimainleil  ihe  Sc./  /.'/(./,  henan  life  as  eli'iii.  in  .1  ilry  kooiK  Mine  in  New  \ork,  nn! 
"lii.iini-tl  his  liisl  taste  of  the  sea  in  a  vovam*  from  .\'ew  Nork  lo  Uio  in  rS.n  asasailoi  m  Moweli  .X  Xspinwairs  lim-  In  is.i.j  lit 
■■lii|i|uil  froia  New  York  on  a  four  veais'  eriiisf  oj  China,  Pern.  .Me\iti),  ami  Ihe  Samlwieh  Islainis.  .inil  on  his  relnin  weiil  In 
.\alwcrp  as  in. tie  0:1  an  .Vnieiiean  ship  In  .\ii^;iisi,  iS.i.S.  he  shi|ipeil  as  third  ollieep  on  the  sit-.-inislup  ('/m;*!//.,  Iioiind  loi  L'aliforiiia. 
wliit'h  s.iileil  from  .New  \'ork.  Ii'-eeml»fr  i^  i'S.|S.  and  arrived  M  San  I'raiieisio  in  .April,  ism  IHuiiliniitcin  went  ;it  omi-  lo  llu- 
iniiit-s,  hill  .liter  ri-maiiiiii^  there  lor  a  leu  monllls  reimiiril  to  San  loiuit^t^si  ami  he^an  niiniiifiii;^  n»  ihe  S*m  raini-ni-"  Ki\t-i .  in  iSso 
III-  made  a  lew  nips  to  i'.maina  on  the  olil  sieamsliip  IslkiM'  .  htit  left  liei  to  ^o  .is  niati-  *«i  ehe  sr^.i-i  sieunu-r  fintiv  l.uhl  with  his 
'  I'lisiii.  ('apt,  I'l-tfi  l,al'i-\ie.  Ill  iSs;  he  was  male  on  liie  l\uih,  wiih  1  a|ilain  llh-tUiiii,  lUiJ  iw-  iH^.j  joinrd  llu-  ^irf  ni  .\t-rin/ti 
111-  wfiil  Ivast  in  iS/^s,  lint  ii-liirlieil  in  iSi;i..  .in.l  illi-i  Mi.tkiiiK  a  trip  011  list  lln'lh,.  /-'lutHjut  Untk  t-oinltmivil  ol  ilie  .Sinni 
V,  ,',j,Af,  having  her  lo  assiime  the    ame   |.'.snii.ti  on  Ihe   Siii/iii-r   wkM^k   ht   run  on 'iMf  ^«aM'!  until  relievnl   h\   tin    ll'i/\,'ii  (,' 


\ 


II 


64 


Ifw'iK  ff  Drydfii'r,  Mnriw  History  nf  thi>  Pncilic  Nortlnvnt 


^;|■(lllllll^•ll  (III 


:i  li;ii  ;iiiil  iilli.iilicil  tlicic  loin   iiioiillis.      ( )ii  llu'  I'nsl  liiii  iiltci   lii-i  rcl(:isf  she  vv.is  liiiriif<l  i  mc  iHs 


Till'   .SV(/    />'//(/  \v;is  ;i  siii:ill  sidcwiicc-lii  iil 


■\~t<>  I'liis  luiidcil,  \v;is  jjs  li'i't  lolij;.  :iliil  ;iliiiiil  i  ><•  lioisi'  power.  SI 
ioiisiiiiumI  .' |o  iI;i\s  on  IIic  voviij.',i'  lioni  Nrw  \'ork  lo  llie  t"o:isl,  lullii 
111  lliiiliiM  |iorls  lii'lvvifii  lU'iiiiiiihi  iiiid  Moiil(ii\'. 

Tlif   Iliiclsoii's   li.iv  CoiiiiMiiv's  sliiiiiiii  (>//ir,  ill  aildilioii  to  Ik 


tl'.'ulillH    vov:i^;r 


•vi|;il   trips   lo  V.incoiivi'r  and    Portland,   ami 


(iccasiiiiially  wriil    to  San  I'laiicisco  lo  receive  ).;(ioils  sent    fioin  I'jinlaiiil 
liy  way  of  llie  Hay  City,  always  l.ikin)^  a  p.irtial  load  ol  eu.il  when  nnalile 


lo   sfeiire   a    lull  carj;!)   of  prodiu-i 
•  I   If 


II.  It.  M.  ship  S,i/,////i\  Cai.tain 
I'ri'vost,'' was  stationed  the  urealii  pai  I  nf  the  \iar  at  I';s<|iiiinalt.  She 
steamed  to  Sleilaeinnn  in  Jnlv  nndei  iiideis  in  enMiieilii'ii  with  the 
adjiistincnl  ol  the  lioiiiidary  dispute,  arriving  at  I'lij^et  Sound's  primipal 
eily  on   the   nioininy;   of  July    jtli,  ami  greeted   its  iiilialiitanls  and   the 


I'niled  Slates  steainsliii)  .li//ri   with  a  nalion.al 


.ainle 


( )n    the  Willamelle   the  steamer  liiiiiis  i'/iiiloii  was  leinloiced   li 


llu 


Si: 


'■/" 


which    was  opei.ilcil    on    llu-    iippci     livir 


'I'lh 


V).',aiil. 


Tl 


new    sleamei     w.is 


linilt 


at     I'aneina 


h     \, 


I'assidN   anil   Cilisoii,  who  also   Imill    the   /(iiiir^    (  /iiilfii.      The 


I'hi; 
ir/>r 


was   a    well    linilt    slernwheeler,    \  y    feet    lolly;, 
inches  hold,  and  rey;isleied    i  .m  Ions 


feet     lieani,     I    feet   '■ 


(Ithei   p.ii  liieis  III   the  boat  wi'ic 


Theodi 


•W 


\'j;.iiil,  allci waid  iiiasli  i 


.\    h     lied 


Kcs 


W.  C.  Dement  .S;  C"( 


\l'i      C.I'OKl.l'     Jl  Itll 


Charles   C.   I'elton,  J.   llaidiiiK. 
on  the  nppei   river  iinlil  i.si.  |, 
when   the   m  a  (  h  i  n  e  i  y   was 


UoIhiI    I'allon.      Tlu-   Siii/'n\c   laii 


pla< 


d     in    tl 


People's  'I'laiisportatiiiii   Comjianv's  new   steamer 


iiiiiloi-,  which   lilew 


np 


It   Portl.and   in    li^y.S-     Capt. 


I).  Miller  linilt  the  //c 


No 


to  pl\  on 


the  Willamette.     The  lioals  lieaiinj;  this  name  wcie  nnl  famous 


for  iinalits'.  and   the  A'l 


h   had    preceile 


was  no  exception  in  this  respe<t  to  those 
.She  wiis  a  small  siiliwheelei ,  alioiil  -'7  Ions 
linrdi'ii,  mil  liv  a  ox  .'n  ciij.;iiii-  which,  ^;eared  lhr<'e  lo  one,  niovid  a 
spur  whet  1  which,  alter  an  almost  indelinile  disti  ilmlion  of  power,  Hiiallv 

nth  Ihe  slrill.     The  dwellcis 


iloiiK 


I  luo  01   llile<'  sets  ol  coy;s  coniieetei 
the  liaiiks  of  the  Willamette,  when  the  steamer  was 
espcriciiced   the  same  sensation   tliat    Mark  Twain  ilid  with  the 


in  Ih 


e  \icinit\'. 


dill 


Tl 


lev  conic 


luar  her  Im//  lonn  alter  she  had  passed 


.Aniithcr  Willamelle    Kivcr  veiilnre   this   year  svas  the  Iniildiiij;  ol 


t'le 


l:lk   \^^ 


Cipl.  Chiin  Sw<il/er.     !■'.   \-   Matthews,  ( 


eoiKc 


i;ise,  and 


iiilin  Marshall.      She  was  a  siiiall  sic 
ti.ide,  ancl  has  alwa\s   liccii   iciiien 


ihcelcr  inteli(U-d  loi  '.he  N'.imlilll 


ilieic  c|    liv  sleaml>«»at  n»ii  lui  1 


llsi     III 


tin-  lerrilic  explosion  wliic  h  sent  iiinst  ol  the  ciafl  skx  ward  .il  l».«>  mIsoii's 


LindiiiK 
.1 


miU'   lielovv   the   iiionlh   nl    the     \aniliill.       Cajrt.   deoin^ 


cinme     was  in  ecu 


wwand,  William  Smith,  engineer,  and  S*liasti,iii  .Mil 


pilot.      CajiLiin    jcii  nie  was  lili 


lowii  np  in  tin     lii  tc 


I'll  a    lieiy;ht  thai  it 


is  avc'iiecl  that  he  looUccI  thioiij'h  the  lop  nl   llu    smoke  slack  on  he,  way 


C  M'l      riiiiM ,^'.   Wi'  1 


Itltttt.       He    Ilex 


I     Icink     III!' 


<  .■ll,\ 


til   ilii-   I'orltiiMil,  Viitoii:!  .'iiiil  .Sail   I'lHii, 


I'all.'illi.i  ami  ■.iMiIIhtii  |iiiiIs  in  ii|i|i<isltiiili  l>i  illn- 


111!'    Mall   sIlMllll'IH 


Ulii 


llii 


Iiiilti-    tllllil    iS-, 

illllll'lllillll  I'll 


vlii 


III 


llll 


,  /,'  S.iiii  III 


Icil  In-  went  ICiist,  hut  ii-iiinn-il 


iscii  anil  liiinilli-il  Ilic  < 'nluiiilii,t  iniil  1  m  tr :  ^"i  lldlliulay  an-l  (  lint       lie  nsi^ncil  in  isi,^  and  went  luist  a^aiii.  li\in^  in  Nrw  S'mk 
anil  St    I, mils  itiitil  1.S711.  ami  llini  icliiiiieil  ••»  Sun  I-rani-iHcii.  wlictc  lie  resiiled  up  Iw  llu-  linu-  <il  liis  'Ic.iili 


,\illllllal  lames  I' 


In  till-  Niiilli  I'ai-lhi   as  lieiileiiaiil  nil   llu-  IllKi'tc- 


vliii  was  111  I'liiiiniaiiil  nt  tin-  Siilcllilr,  was  luiin  in  ilam{>  line-,  I  ii^daiul,  in 


(//,; 


vlli'  Il  Ills  lillli'l  1  iilllillalli|(-il. 


u    1  -u. 


.Mlel    lllat    III-  ill.'uli' 


iii'l  lirsi  c-aiiH- 
lal  liiiis 


liac^k  anil   Inrlli,  1 iiiK  liere  in  iSi;;  on   \\w  Sulrllilf  In  Innk    iiiin  tin    Imcnnlai  \  i{iii<slinn.  ami   nil  l'i><  ri-tni  n   in  l'.ii|"lanil   aiip-  m 

hernr,'  KiiiK  William  as  iin  im|initaiii  ^Olicss  in  Hie  s<  iilinu-iil  nl  llti  ilispiile.      lie  ilinl  ill  Vii-lnri 


1I.   C'liiis   Swi-iUi-i,   w-Ii"   i*.is  line  nl    tin      iim-iti.cl 


traiis|inrtaiinu  c-irelc-s^  l»nt   eiiim- In   111  niiliini-tv  emi 


tw Ill-Is   n 
'n'lllj;   nlle 


f   llu-    I- a-. 


II  111    lSi)j. 

)>i'iiiiiiiu'ul    li^^nie  ill   \\'il!.iinc-ttc- 


'ise  |iassclii.«(  i-s  wl.n   liisl    tin-it    lives  nil    t  111-  stc-alllsle[i 


Wnlhriilil   wllin  sliv  \\  IS  w-lei  kis\  lit  .11  ('a|x    .Meinlia  ihii.       \l  llle  lime  nl    Ills  ileilth  111    «  u>  ne|.;nlialill^  a  si  lu-llle  Ini   llie  mivi|.nlll> 
il   the  fnililiii  Kivei,  Uo^iiU*  s.-niiecl  eniii  rsM<>»i»  Irniii  the  M  ite  l.enislalnre  in  innm'ili>«L  wilii  imiirnveineiilH  In  dial  slii-ain 


.ipl    c, 
tile  enaslin^   Ir.i. 


iilKeJei. 


le  ami    t.    llle  Wesi    Imlii- 


I  'inni  ill  Slinkiniit,  N    \'  ,  in  iS-jf,  ami  at  tin-  aj; 


KW"  I    Hillnwiln;    lllis    In 


1" 
ilIsi  vrllleell  was  s.lillll^  nut  nl    .\llallti(-  IHlfts 


i-ll   nl    tile   111. nine   lillsilless    l< 


I    seveial    \-e.l|- 


|-s,    lie    eiilin- 


I'aliriirnia  in  iK|(|.  i(-imii"">((  "»   '•••'   "*  u'lnim-nli"  *>\ei  ami  in   llu-  niiiies  iiiilil    iS,;,  al  wlinli    lime  lu- eiiiie  In  ( lie).;nii  nml   lie^ni 


steaintinatinyj  nil  llu-  '  tin 

•  llll 


ih.      I,e'»<'iln  tile  '  lit    "<•'/(  lie  Inliml  i-lllplnvliuilt  nil  llle    \\\\l':liii'  I  until  slle  was  lirnnnllt  nver  llle  lall  . 

Ill  /•.■/'■ 


iM-iin;  llll-  niilv  111.111  nil  llll. ml  wlii-n  she  'iiaili-  Ihv  pt-illnie,  tilp       lie-  wa-,  next  (-iiipln\i-il  nn  tile  sleaimis  i}tt:iuint,  Sn>f>ti 


iipi 


\  iin;  llll-  I  mi  it- 1  nl    llu-  l.iltei  sl(  .niii-i   in  11  s  i-(-|i  In  aleil  \\\y\\\\  sk\  w.'ilil    it  tin-  turn    nl    llle  explnsin 


llle  el1lpln\'  nl    tin-   I'enpie  -    ii  an  'pnl  llll  Inw  c'nillliallv  iliilin^',    lleaiU'  tin-  'vlinle  nl    ils  rnlpl 


I'aptain  Ic-iniiu   was   ii 


I'MHletiee,  ami  iliiiiii^;  Ins  lolly  yeii 


on  the  liver  ran  nearly  ■'■I  "I   llle  lime  nn  llu-  \Vill lie,  spi-mlinn  "n    '-'sl   Iniiilei-ii  years  ol   liis  lili- nn   llii- Vamliill   loiile  ill  11- 


III   till- (lri-){oii  Kail«i.«\  ,V  .Navi){iilinll  Cninpain.      Ileilieil 


lllanil  111  Nnvc-iiiliel.   iWO, 


/'(«/(■/  'Soaiiil  Slu:inibi);itf:.  dolilcn  lJ:iys  o/' / /'u.st/'  A'/V't  N:ivi(j:ttiitii 


65 


iliuvii  :iliil  ■'^iw    "  11ms   '  Millet    sill  inn  ""  ''  ''  '':'"•<■      "c  ^ilinlilcd  in  I  he  tup  nl  a  cDlliiinviKHl,  iiiul  for  Iwiiity  yeiils 


iltcnvaiil    pilots  ^iiul   (':i|ilaiiis  <iii   tlir  VV'illiiilicHc  tduU  t's|ii'<'i,'il   pains  to  |>i 


I 
I  llic  rivrr.     Imm InnaU'lv  ,  a 


il  oiil  tills  K'liiaikalilc  tree  to  li>iirisls 


Ithoii 


^;ll  scvi-i 


il  • 


injnicd,  no  one  was  UIIUmI  liy  the  liiialc  of  tlir  /■//■.     Dr.  C'ai<lvvoll 


it  I'oillaiiil  ami    Ikiiyiiian   ji'iiniiins  wire  dinrlly 


IT   tile   lioilii,  ami,  altlionnli   tlif   stove   liy  wliicli  tliey  wen 


■.lllilin  w 


as  shattered,  iieillier  ol   tile  men  weie  linit. 


line  to  The  D.ille.s  was  L'stalilislied  in  |HS7  '>>'  the  steamer  llii\^iili<.  just  iinnpleled  on  tile  middle  river. 
il  llie  ste.iiiici  .\fi>i(iiliiiii  />'«//■,  liiiilt  at  I'oitlaiid  to  eoniieet  with  her.  The  MiHiiiliihi  llml;  left  the  eity  July  Jijtli 
on  her  lirst  trip,  in  idininand  ol  Capt.  Tom  Wrinlit.  '  Captain  HaiiKhmaii  was  in  eliarm' 
oC  the  //(is\<t/o,  leaving;  the  steanur  ,\/ii/v  to  assiinie  this  position.  The  ,]foiiiiliihi  Itiiil; 
was  a  sidewheeler  1 ,( (  teet  lon^,  ."^  feet  .)  inches  lieam,  ,ilid  5  feel  d  inches  hold.  She 
was  launched  June  fith  and  henan  rnnniiiK  on  tlie  Cascade  route  imnieilialely.  Her 
chief  claim  to  dislinction  lies  in  the  lad  thai  she  was  one  of  the  lew  lioats  tli.it  were 
originally  taken  into  the  Union  Transportation  Compaiiv  or  Oic^on  Steam  Navigation 
In  the  service  of  this  liij;  corporation  she  coiilimied  011  the  orij;inal  route 


I.  ompany. 

iiiilil  i.S(i.|,  when  she  was  strip] 


of  her  inaehinei  y  and  left  ill  the  lioneyard,  wliiTe  si 


le 


lilinii' 
other 


III  ()<toliei,   i.Sd 


John  Wolf  was  on  hoard  a  urealei  length  of  time  than 
aptaiii,  and  William   Doiaii  was  anioiij.',   the  liest   known  of  her  engineers. 


Tin-  //iisMilii  was  the  first  stei  nwhei'ler  Imilt   at    II 


le  l",as<'ades,  ami   wii 


I.Vi   feel    loll^',, 


feet  healii,  and   s  h'ct   hold,      .She  iiiad<'  her  initial  trip  in  Jillv,   i.'^sy,  and  while  not 


very  speedy  was  a  servieea 


hie  h^ 


Her  1 


lower  consisted 


•  I    tli< 


lupines  which  wen 


llic  (id.illc  at  llie  lime  of  the  I'.xplosion  at  C'aiieniah  in   |.H«,  |.      These  ell^;ines  seived   for  a  lime  in  the  .Sii/ni/Zn. 


lint   provill^',   loo  small   for  that    ciall  were  liirm-d  over  to  the  //nwn/n 


Th 


I-  steainei   went  into  the  ()iej;oii  .Steam 


N.'ivinalion  I'oiiip.iiiv  with  the  nst  of  the  lioals  on  the  middle  1  ''v  :  at  the  time  of  the  or^;alli/atioll,  and  coiiliiiiied 


nimiinn  niilil  isos,  wli 
\  an  I'elt  and  Ainsworth 


en  slie  was  lai 


Ainoiin   the  maslirs  of  the   //iismi/o  were  the  llan^^hmans,  McNiilly, 


The  steamer 


S,- 


litii,  which   hail   lieeii    hauled   oil   the   |iieceilinn   lall  to  1 


(ceive  Millie 


rrllil 


iiachiiieiy. 


ppeared  ay;aiil  on  the  river  and  ran  to  the  Cascades  pari   of  the   lime,  occasionallv 
lakiiin  trips  on  the  Astoria  route  in  place  ol  llic  i\liilhi<<mi<li       She  was  Imilt  I'm;iii 


llie  wreck  of  the  Ci 


,11, 


ml  served  liioic  as  .1 


towlioat   than  in  any  other  capacils 


Mlir  leceiviii);   new   mailiinci\    she   peiloiiiicd   y^ood   service  on  the  Coliiiiihi.i  iiml 


as  the  lirst  steamer  that  ever  Ipioii^ht  more  Ih.iii  I 


wo  vesse 


Is  lip  II 


A',1 


ona  at 


line  lime.  In  •  Jctolier,  i.SsK,  ill  ciinimand  of  Captain  llo\  t,  she  toweil  the  l>a- 
liiij',  l'i,iiii i',1,1,  and  the  sihnoncr  l\„^,illh,i ,  Imin  .\sloria  to  rorlland  without  inie  i; 
I'lllii  iiltv.  She  was  pullv  liadly  shaken  up  on  ,1  trip  to  the  Cascades  in  i.'fs'^.  tlu' 
!iiiiiii:nic  deck  lieiii).',  Iilnwii  off  and  llu-  sleimer  otherwise  iiiiiired       ( )wiii^;  to  this, 

opi'iale,  the  Siiioiihi  was  shortly 


iinl   III   the   I. lit    III. it   sh 


e   was   so   expiiisivi 


.itlerward  sillt  to  the  holleyiild. 

Captains  Tiirnlnill  "  and  Troup  hnill  a  sidewlucl   sleamei 
llii   V'.inconver  route  which   at   thai   time  was  eoiisiileied  a  veiv 


It    .Milwaiikie  loi 


line 


.•I.      Sill 


ithci  small  craft,  hut  ^;ave  nood  service  Im  iiianv  yi-.ii' 


tile  ttallK 


/  ',111,. 


This  stciitnci   hole 
prolialily  ptoved  more  piolil.dilc  than  aiiv  ol  llie  iiniiieiiiii. 


ii.iiiirs;d<cs  which   lolli.wid   her. 


Shi 


lit|p  Ni 


\'iiiiIhi  I  it  It, 


III 


r  ihmcnsiiiiis  wcic 


laiiiiched   JiiK    iitli   and  made  hci   liial 
Icn^jth.  .S  1  led  ,   heani    I  i  IccI  ,   with  lieiii  liy  lot  ly  lieiii  inch  etij'jiics 


V.i.? 


1^  ! ;  % 


■'(.  .ipl.  Tli'-niis  U'ii>;)il  w.i-i  oiii-  ol  lilt-  tlin-f  Liiiinii^  -.oii.  ol  I  he  1 1  liliiiiUii  I'lliii  T.  Wiij'lit,  Ji  iiiiiii  wliMM-  iiiitii«  wir. 
I '|iiallv  Wi-II  kiKiwii  on  llic-  Ail;iii(ir  mill  I'miiIh-  rimsts,  (."jiplaiii  Toin  was  liuin  in  New  Vrnk  in  iHjH  iUHi  lif^itti  his  <arri'i  its  a 
siiilnr  nil  llu-  HlcanuT  Sii .  tiuihih ,  \>\\\u^  lu'lwi-rii  New  Vink  atnl  Soiilinin  |iiiit'.,  alttiwinl  sriMiij;  nn  tin-  '•It  tincr  AV.r  )'«*//■. 
Hi-.  Iiisl  > mnniainl  was  nn  iln-  Hiii/os  Kivrr,  wlicii-  al  tin-  cailv  .\yv  nl  si\ticn  vcars  hi-  was  running  lln-  sIciitiu-i  f  !■•>.  In 
iSii^  In-  I  aim*  In  llir  ra<  ilir  I'oasI  in  tile  steamer  l\'r\f  f\*int  \\\\\\  his  htnllirts  |iiImi  T.  ami  ».iMii(.;e  S.  Wii^jlil,  liiilli  «i|  .vlioiii 
ith'iwaid  mailr  laim-  and  Inilnm'  in  sleanihoaliii^  in  the  N'irtllnvest.  At  I'anatna  the  eaptain  was  ijiscliai^'rd  ami  (.  aplaiii  Tom 
I'Miiijdil  her  the  leinaim'er  ol  Ihe  flislaiiee,  Allei  iiiiiiiiiiK  with  this  sleaniei  rai  the  soiilliein  lonle  lot  a  while,  laplaiii  \Vii>,;ht 
louK  liei  tri  I  lotiohilii,  lemainin^  ihete  a  vcai  aii<l  then  lel  inning;  lo  A  me  li  can  v\atets.  Kivet  navigation  had  hi-i  r»nie  laine  lot  Ihe 
«  :i|il.iiii,  anil  tlie  Af'iHUiiii'i  liitih-  ilnl  not  inleiest  him  loii^.  He  lelnttied  lo  San  l'iat:eisen  and  nnide  a  few  tii]>s  as  pnisei  on  the 
iill  .It  Minshiii  (  .'hiuhhIoh  .  I'lom  their  In-  went  to  the  shaimt  A ///.■//>/ /w,  with  whieh  he  made  seveial  loitnnes.  oi  at  h-jisl 
'\h.ii  would  lie  tailed  lottiines  in  the  pieseiit  stale  ol  slt-amlmatin^;,  Mis  next  sleamei  was  Ihe  />itiii<t,  with  wliu  h  he  made 
'  oiiMtletalile  moiiev  eai  t  viii^  •'•"vei  11  men  t  ollirials  and  height  alioiit  I  hi-  Sonnd.  When  John  'I*.  \Vi  iy^hl  look  the  I'.hza  .htilrt  \<tf/ 
lo  lln  Sound,  (."apl.  Tom  Wii^^lit  ran  het  foi  a  while,  and  in  alU*r  years,  when  the  ( »re|Mm  Uailwav  \'  Navij^atioii  Companv  was  in 
lull  powei,  hi-  a^aiii  resnnnhd  the  old  ■.te;iinei  .nid  liin  lu-r  in  opposition  lo  lln*  hij;  tfupmaliou  lie  was  doin^;  \ii\  wdl, 
\\\\\\f  llieMie^joii  R.uiwa\  .V  N  i\  i^;jilioii  I '.inpaii\  wa^  losing',  lai^M-  sums  ol  nioiiev  eoinlialiii)'.  linn,  and  would  iin  duuht  hit\'<- 
•  \(  uhi;tll\  eljerii  d  a  eoinhilial  ion.  luil  the  i  harj.M  was  tiiiide  I  h  it  I  he  .  Im/t  i  u'/i  was  lai  i  yliiv;  emit  ralunid  (hi  tin  men,  .ind  the  stianni 
vv  <  s*-i/ed  l>v  ('oiler  I  ov  Hceeliei,  and  the  opposlli<m  was  thus  ended.  A)lh<ai),;h  the  i  lOiernineiil  lie  vet  made  aiiylhin^  lull  a  (linis\ 
'  I  .'  ii(,;aitisl  Captain  \V  ri>{hl.  Ihrv  rnineil  his  husiness  and  lell  him  in  vii  \  pom  eiirntiislam-es;  allei  wa:  '  leali/iii)^  the  wiony;  iloiie.  a 
'"iMptmnise  was  olferiMl.     t'aptaiii  Wri^jhl  i  >  at  piesetit  liviiij.;  in  Seattle. 

'"t'apl  lames  Tim  iihnll  was  int<  "■  i.  d  jn  the  lust  steamei  t'<ntii>u.Yi  and  we.  ui.islei  •»!  hit  lot  ;i  loiiv,  lime,  lie  was  hoin  in 
'  '  iinl  ir  iSii,  eomiiiK  <'>  this  eontf-*  i  when  lint  a  voiiiik;  man.  Allei  ruiiuin;;  a  hmndi\  and  imn  hiiie  shop  in  St  I, mils 
I'l  I  lew  vears,  he  laine  overhitul  to  ( >(•  ^on  in  iH^.^.  S'liui  alter  his  arrival,  in  eotnpaiiv  w  ith  I  (avid  Monastes,  whii  is  still  livin^^ 
11,  r<iiilaiid,  he  started  the  lirsl  maehim  sho))  mid  foiiii'iM  in  that  eiiv.  Mis  lirst  steamlioatinv;  was  with  the  futvjr,  in  whieh 
II'  '".Mieil  an  inleie'.t.  I-'ioni  Ihe  time  tin-  l^,im  •urn  was  Utiilt  he  w,is  inlerested  in  iifarly  all  ol  the  steainhoat  veiiliiiesol  his 
"I  til  law,  \V,  II     Tioup.  serviii^  with  him  up  |o  '*^«-  tinieol  his  lealh.  whieh  oceurred   Novemher  ii,  iH;  p 


!"i 


66 


I  I'wlfi  ff  Dryrlrn'i  Mnrlnc  Hi'il'iry  nf  I  hi'  hicilifj  Nniihwnt 


i  !  ; 


■Ml 


lit 


I     ;' 


She  Wiis  llii-  lirsl   sIciiiiicT  111  make  V'.iinoiiviT  llic  Icrniiims  of  ;i  tiiiii^poiliilinM  line.     ( )(c  nsinii.il  Irips  wen-  iii.nli' 
loAstiiii:i  .iml  till- Cowlil/.      She  w:is  iuiiiiii.iikIiiI  Iiv  IkiIIi  oI   llic  'riuiibiilK,  a?iil  Ik  r  fiiv;infs  w»-rc  in  (  li;irni- nl 

VVilliiiiii  II  'rroiip.  It  w.is  iiti  this  ir.ilt  lli;il  Ciijil.  Jniiu-s  Tiiiiiii,  win, 
nflcTwiird  atlaiin-d  coiisidcrablf  fclclirily  in  X\\v  liusinoss,  rtdivcd  his  (ust 
lessons  in  slcainhoatiii^;.  Slu'  continncd  on  llif  \'anc(inv<r  ionic  iiijlil 
1S711,  wla-n  she  was  sui<ci(lc(|  \>y  a  slirnvvdieidiT  of  the  same  name. 

'I'hi-  Tnalitin  was  hoiioicd  with  a  stiainlioat  lor  a  slioti  liini-  in 
1KS7.  Capl.  ("iiorm-  I'cMsc  hnildinn  a  small  stcannM  on  tin-  livi-i  ainl 
Mamin^;  her  the  .SV/v/«,  afterward  renaminj;  her  the  (  ohlil  .  Sin-  u;cs 
purchased  l>y  lliintin^ton  ati<l  Ilolmaii  soon  alter  Iter  completion,  ami  m 
tHsS  was  taken  to  the  lower  VVillanielte  iiid  plai<  d  on  the  Cowlil/  roiilc 
wh<-re  she  ran  for  several  years,  and  (in.illy  <iii|i  d  lur  days  on  the  Somirl 
nndcr  the  name   W'cinil. 

On  the  ocean  roiili'  helween  \'icloria,  I'lij-.d  Sound,  I'orlland,  anil 
San  I'l.incisco  ,1  spirited  opposition  was  ra^iiif^.  John 'I'.  \V'ri^;ht  plaied 
the  steamship  f  »«/;;/i«//i//' (in  the  line  in  opposition   to  tin-    l',icirK    Mail, 


('ieorv;c  S.  Wright  ollicialnin  .is  jinrscr:  ami,  .is  sli 


the  largest  steai: 


ship   wlli(  li    had    vd   inteied    the   C<diimliia    Uiver,   she  e 


njoy 


d 


Hade 


'I'lie  slcimship  (  \ 


<nniitiili't  f\  :i 


fliTward   the  old   Itnillui  /» 


n- 
a  noDil 
iiilliiiii. 


met  with  .1  late  lliidei  the  latter  name  which  can  never  lie  lorv.ollen.  'I'lji' 
particulars  will  he  found  in  the  story  of  the  wiei  k  of  the  lUolh,  1  /nniilliiui 
Hefore  her  rei  hristenin^;  in  lH^H  she  left  S.iii  I'ram  is( u  in  Jiilv  in  eomm.inil 
of  Ca])t.  (>    W.  Staples,  with  ^so  passengers  and  a  heavy  vn\y,n.  and  allit 


'lll)>    out     IK 


arly   th 


lays   returned    to    San    h'r.ancis -o   in    a   sink 


IIIV; 


coiiditi'jn.  with  all  of  the  passengers  hailing;.     Anions  the  ( .•l^^;o  jeltisoni 
were     nine    valnaMe     horses. 


whii  h  wi-ic  shot   and   thrown  overh'jard       .Micr  this  r)i<iirreiice  John 
T.  Wri>.;ht   sold    her  to  the  Caliloiiiia  Steam  .S'avinalion  Company.  \t\ 


which  she  was  repaired  and   lenaniei 
operate  their  old  st.mdliy,   the   (  o/in 


The  I'acifK   .Mail  lonliiiiied  li 
/.   and   also   ran   the   Ju/mfi/ii 


which   followed   tli(!   (omiiioildii-  as  cpjMly  as  possihie.  on  some  tiips 

■av  fr<nn  San  I'r.incisco  to  I'orlland. 


racinj;  in  close  proximity  all  the  w 

The   (  iiiiiiiiiiili 

l).dl  hrolhers  r;m  the  I'.n  ilic  .M.iil   .leaniers 


as  (ommaiided   hv  Captain    I'annllcroy,    while    the 

li.ihy  and  I.apid^e  makinj; 

and    the   h'l/nib/ii  called 


.1  few  trips  on  the  h'i/iii/i/i( .     The   '  miiiihnlKK 

at  Crescent  City  hotli  ways,  Imt   the  (  iiliniilnu  niii  Ihronnh.      Leonard 

\-  Creeii  were  the   Portland  .incuts  of  the   I'acihc   .Mail  steamers,  and 


.V    Lewis  ol    ll 


W.IS  leillK<' 
,\n 


d  lo  $ 


oliiillndiili-.       \\'\m\\    tl 
\' I  caliili  ami   $]•!  sleerane. 


K-  opposition   stalled,  (an 


irl.mt   addition   lo   the    licet   in   the  .Northwest  this  vear 


as  the  h.irkelltilie   fmir  A.  J'li/I.ciihfri; ,  which    was   lioiij;ht   hy   Capt. 


Oeorne  I'Mavel      Tht-  /■'n/K'iiihiii;   li.-id   heen  running 


the  Colnmliia 


in  the  Inmliir  trade,  .and,  while  HIavel  was  sailing   his  old  schooner 


/A/A 


V'lll  lip 


and  down  Hi' 


coast,  he 


ilten  looked  with  envious  eyes  on 


the  clipi 


i-r   'hat 


IT  k 


iKAvii   to  malt 


slow    pi 


Mil 


1-1 


had   niadi-  consiileralile   monev   with    the    .'/n/i  ymi,  c.iriyiii),;    ici-   Irom 
to  San   l-'iancisco  ami  KiinniiiK  hai  k   ('.(ivenimenl  lrei(.;ht. 


,  aiKonvir 


A  loll)' 
^;oo<l 


the  slimmer  he   made  the  owmis  ol   llic'  /'((//v 


III;  siK  h  a 


lifer  that   Ihcy  Inrneil   the   vessel 


lo  him.      Shi-  arrived  at 


I'oi  II.iikI  llic  hrsl  lime  ill  command  ol    hei    new  ownei  Seplemlier  ."ilh.  Willi   ^  (o  ton-,  ol   .leiyjil , 


iliK  h, 


to  Ihc'  Ol, 


as  the  larval  >!  car>;o  lli.il    li.ad   cvir  lieeii   Inoiiv.hl    I"  Oicj'.oii, 


The 


,aiiic    |i.i|" 


lis 


ai  colilliin 
p.'ii'l  a 


1  iij.l.  piliii  'J'.  U'n^lil,  Si  .  Wiis  lioin  in  I  lai  liiij.l'.ii,  I-jii^Jahrl,  in  1  i'|S,  alnl  l*ev',iii  .^iiiliii^.,  «.   t   i,l    l-,n^;lisli   )miM  .  win  n  ;i   '1 
alMJ   on   on  I-   of  his  cruises  coin  111;^   10  I  lie   I'ai  ilir  (  oast  on  .1  wll.ilt-i  nejirlv  seveill  V  li\e    yi-ats  .-i^o,      1  le  w;ts  itflei  «;il'l   lllasler  ol 
l»a(  kct  nliip  /.iiftivftl'',  an 'I  iiia.jc  vfi\  a^^es  |fi  all  part',  ol  tile  wdi  1<I,  '.|>en<linv!  several  in  on  Ills  m  l-^^vi'l  «liiriiii(  tin-  ^\vi\\   p]ai.;iie 
1  oinillj.;  lo  I  he  rnitcl  Sl;ile-.  early  in  llle  "  lliirlies,"  he  enleic.l    IIk*  sleatllshili   tHe.ttiess   lie  I  wen    .New   '  Irleims  an*  I   '  .a  I  vest  on 
aJHfi  eslaliilsheij   a   Inn     Ironi    Ne'A-  \'orl<    It,  Ch.trleslon,  o|,'  lallnj.;   Ihe  slianieis  (  nhiilltitii ,  i ittl ,;\lnil ,  .V.'.c  l>ih<im     \.,c    IV.i/, 
ollicrs.      Thi'^  line  w.-ts  'illlfseinlenl  ly  |i<ir<  hase'l  hy  .Mol;,oill,  I  he  <  t  lei, late,]  ',le,-|lllsllll,  tlian.  ami  Is  still  ill    o|,ei;,t  I ',11    llll'lel    Ills    ll'it 
.MUt  starling  lln-   ,M',r;(iili  tine  all'I  making  a  f'oiiifoil;il,!e  tortiine  with  it,  ('a),liiill  Wiiv'.hl  eli^;a^e,|  in  a  liniiihei  ,,f  otln-i  ■.l,.;iiiis 
\elltnres  ,,ll  the  Allalllle,  anil,  in  iHl'i.  i  ;ilne  lo  llle  l';n-|lie  Coasl  ;ill'l  lie^oin  rlinililiv;  steainshlps  out  ,,(   San  l-ialiel'teo  fin  Ihe  vail' 
rollles  north  .-mil  south.      He  was  in  hii;lt  lavir  with  Ihe  Ifawailan  rioyiaiini'-iil ,  an<l   ni.iile  a  ^re.tl  ileal  ol   inoni-\  in  the  liaiie  t',  ' 
ml  am  Is.  mul  ;tlso  ran  one  or  Um,  Miiall  jo,  .il  sle;iini-is  in  1  hat  vn  mil  \ .      His  e\i,eiiii,ee  in  I  he  ,Norlliwi-sl  wll  li  th  ■  I  'umiHmfni  r,  /*/, , 
SV'i/  /,'//,/,  .  hitri  im,  i\ui\  others,  e,  ^iveii  in  'letail  clsi-w lii-ie  in  this  work.     IiiittiiK  the  (  ivil  War  lie  o|,erate,l    i-xIniMxeh    on 
I'^.islern  loast,  ami  liiiilt  aiiij  soM  a  j»re(il  many  traiisporls  (or  r,overmiieiit  use.     He  ilieil  in  i.S'iH,  letiyiii^  three  s,,iih,  all  of  wli 
hiive  Iteen  proiiiinenl  lij^itres  in  itie  sti.,-iiiislii|,  hnsiness  on  the  I'licilic  Coast,  ainl  who  inlieritcil  iiiaiiy  o(  the  trails  lliiit  tii.aih- 
oil^'inat  ('.i|,taln  \\'i  i^dil  raiii(,n'.  on  1  Ao  o(  e.in,. 


;/' 


hi<ji:t  Sounrl  Stuamhiiah,  ISulilin  lj;iy\  af  h^imr  Rivr  !\l:ivi(jili'iii 


f>7 


■lowing   lril)iili'  I')  (."iipt.'iiii    I'lavc'l    for   IiIh   ctitiTpriHc   iiiid   aliilily  as  a   ii.ivijjalor       'I'lii    Ij.iikinliiu-    /mn    ,/. 
I',ilhiihi>x  was  l>iiilt  at  Nfw  Ik-lford  in  iHsi.  and  caiiif  to  llif  I'arific  Coast  llic  lollovviiiK   s'-.ir   iii  (  li;:in<-  ol   li(  i 
'iiMiiT,  Captain  Iwilki-nUTj;.     She  niaiii-  her  maiden  trip  from  (ioston  to  San   I'"ran(  is(  o  In  r  i  ■;  days,  Mis.  Jam-  A 
I' ilkinlii-rn  and  two  otIiiT  pass<•Tl^;ers  comiiij;  out  willi  llie  vessel.     Her  first  voya^je  ont  of  San   I'Vani  isco  was  to 
M.inilla.     Tlie  ilipper  sliip  /'/yiut;  hish,  lioniid  fm  the  same  port,  passed  ont  of  tin'  C.olden  (".ale  at  the  same  lime. 


as  lieaten  seven  days  on  the  passa^;e,  the  /'iil/.i'ii/iin;    making    the   rnn   in   thirty  nine  days.      Im  hid 


111).',    a 


isvintyday  hiyover  at  Manilla,  the  round  trip  eonsnmed  11=;  days.  In  {''ehrnnry,  iH-,'.,  (.'.iplain  I'ldkenliei;; 
was  killcil  in  San  Frnnciseo,  and  tlie  Imrk  was  operated  in  the  coasting;  trade  111  eoniiiiaiid  ol  t'.iplaiii  llad;;ir, 
making  lier  first  jrnirney  to  the  Colnniliia  in  .March,  1MS7.  and  soon  afterward  passinj^  into  the  hands  ol  Captain 
I  hivel,  who  sailed  her  lor  a  short  lime  and  then  Inrned  her  over  to  C.ipt.  ,\I  C.  I'>skine,  who  w.is  in  eliarne  until 
i«fi^,  whet]  he  was  sn(  (  eeded  by  V/i^;^;ins.  In  \V>\  James  l''rr)sl  was  master,  and  was  lolloued  liy  Capl.iins 
U.iss,  Knmwell,  (',i:iv,V..  Cathearl,  llrowii,  Ilnbli.ird,  h'l.rlcs,  and  others.  The  veiier.dile  pa>  kel  is  still  saillnj', 
llic  seas,  .'iiid  has  prohahly  (■overe<l  more  miles  and  eariie('  .noie  money  than  any  "wind  jamiiHi  '    that  (■\ei  sailed 


^^-C-  '. 


the  I'aeilie.  Dnrinj.;  her  lonj;  (.iici  r  on 
the  Coast  she  has  made  some  reinarkalih 
fast  passa^;es,  s<-veral  ol  ulilih  Imvi 
never  been  liealeii.  In  iKOi,  under  Cap 
tain  I'"lavel,  the  rnn  from  Aslr)ria  t',  S.iii 
l''ranris(()  w;is  aii-oniplisliid  in  tluec  and 
one  hall  days.  In  \y.~ .■  Captain  l!iown 
s.ailed  her  Irom  Ilonolnin  to  Asloija  In 
lourteen  days;  and  two  years  later  Ca))t. 
J.  II.  IlnMiard  broke  ,i|l  records  by  t.ik 
Inn  her  over  the  same  eonrse  in  twelv<' 
days.  The  I'dlknihru-  bus  (  i,iitnbiile(| 
■  extensively  to  m.iiliie  hlslrirv  In  IIm 
.Northwest.  Her  d  i  m  e  n  m  0  11  s  iin 
■  -■  length,  1,^7  feel  ;  beam,  .'r,  leil  7  Im  Iks  ; 
depth,   I  I   feet  i>  inches. 

The  Orejjon  .V  C.-ililoinl.i  I'.n  kit 
I, me,  in  whlih  the  I'nlkiiihi  ui  W.IS  serv 
III);  at   the  time  M.ivi-1   boii);lil  her,  was 

also  luniiinv;    to    I'ortland    the    b.ark    Oaiiii    /linl,    W'Inniiis,    master:     the    (liii\.    Ihnii.,    Ili-.ily       /\'ii/ii(iii/.i,it' . 

U'llllaiiis;   and   /.  //.  /.mil,  Kiehardson.      .\bernethy  &  Clark    were   tin-  a);eiils.      The   balks  /'    ,1/    //,(//,  Captain 

lloi-^;,  Maddunn,  Captain    Keynolds,  '  Iwaiionui.  Captain   Drydeii,  Sam  A/irnll,  Captain  \V'i).;(.;liis,  mel     ]/rli,i/in/is , 

C.ipl.ilii   I'icston,    were    also    plyin^;    to    the    Colnmliia    Viver,    Viclorl.i     and    I'liHel  Sound       In    |niie   tin    Ij.uk 

I  lid..  I:    lilldii  .irrlver!  at   I'ortland  direct  from   New  York,  where  she   li.id   bcin   biiill   l,\   \\'.ikeiii;iii,  Diuion   ,V 

I  o    and  VV    S.  I, add  especiallj  for  the  Oregon    trade      The    b.irk    eaiiie    out    li 

ii.irinwly  es<Mped  destriiition  in  enlerin({    the    river,  losiii);    both 

'  laidl'.lon.       Oil    the    Sound   several    vessels    loaded    lumber  a'    Slell.irooiii   .(iid 

Olyiiipia  lor  South  American  |)orls. 

A  number  of  sailin^j  vessels  were  employed   in  the  (.'oos  Hay  trade  this 

season,  the  most  proniinetit  bein^  the  bark  Aidilin.  Cajitain  D.iibey,  bark  Mdllmy. 

Captain  Iloey,  \m\L,Cyilol>s,  and  the  sloop  Wiiulhiiiilii       ,\l  I'uit  Orloid  Williaiii 


,  Is 


Illl      II AWKIHI  INK    '     J  \NK    A.     I'AI  K)  ,NI11'1(' 


iiuiiiand  ol  juliu  II     liii.iol  and 
am  hors  aii«l  re.ieliln);  .\storia  In  a  ilcmorall/ed 


Tl(  liiior  built  the  schooner  .lhn/,-ii,  which  i-ontliined  111  ll 


Lasting   trade  lor  a 


loll);  lime.     Sin-  was  ii  craft  of  thirty  one  Ions  burden,  forly-elnht  feel  Ion);,  and 
seventeen  leet  be.aiii. 

The  most  serious  m.arlne  c.isu.ilty  nl  the  >car  was  that  ol  the  steamei 
I'oiUddil,  U'liii  h  was  swept  over  tin-  falls  .it  (tii^;oii  Clt\  ,\lar<li  17th,  diowiilii)', 
Cipt  .\i(  liibald  jaiiiiesoii  and  two  others  The  sli  amer  left  Caiieinah  in  com 
niaiiil  of  Capt.ain  J.imieson,  who  Intended  to  take  her  Into  the  basin  al  Oic^miii 
City  to  dischar);e  some  frelnhl.  The  lenul.ir  eu>',iiieer.  a  brotln  1  ol  Captain 
Jaiiilesoll,  remained  on  shore,  ;ind  the  lireiuan,   I'eter  Anderson,  and  a  deckhand 


llallleil 


liell, 
drill 


vcre  the  only  persons 


boai<l.      In  swint;ini;  into  tin-  basin  tin 


ste.MiK  I    ilrllled    lo<i  far  out ;  and,  the  river 


belli 


iiKin^' 
H   unusually   liiKh,  tl 


cai 


i);lit  Illl    and,  before  the  men  on  board  were  aware  ol  it,  she  be);aii  U 


I  urieiil 

Wolk     lo'.Vald     llle    Mill    1,1     I  he    lilisin. 


Til 


IhmIi 


(11 


N  ■ .  .jff  ! 


m 


r^ii 


posiliou   III   which   they  weie   pl.iced   then  bee.snie  .app.irciit   tollie  men    and  lliey  iii.ide  an  Mllcinpt  to  );el 


li^ 


'  I  iipl  IviIwiimI  II.  Keyilolils,  «liii  wllsMlllin^;  In  llie  Sninul  in  llii-  l).irl<  Mailmnhi  in  lS|7,  w.is  luiin  in  linslnn  In  iSo;,  .iinl  r 
^llll  iiiiiinii);  Illl  Illl.  Sail  I'liini  IM  o  iiinl  I'li^rl  Suninl  runle,  liiui);  iil  |iii'.iiil  m  <  oiiini.'iml  nl  ilie  sliip  Ihuiiipml  1  !<•  siimcI 
liiiiM  lhr,7  until  1SH.1  in  llii-  iniiiliiv  nl  Mi-I)^ns  \-  C.mwIiv,  ImiI  Im  llle  last  fiinrlii-n  vi-ius  liiis  lii-eli  In  llii-  ilil|.li.v  nl  lln-  I'ntl  lll;il<ili-s 
.Mill  Ciiiiiiiiiii) . 


"^^WF 


^t 


'    M 


1 


i        "'    I 


6« 


hw'iH  (f  l)rytlii]\  M.irini'  History  (if  thi-  Pncific  Nnrthwffit 


tlu'  liiiiit  iiiidi'i  loiittol  :  liiit  tilt'  slcain  li;iil  mil  ilnwii.  mid  sIk'  could  iiiiiki'  no  licadwiiy  ii^iiiiist  the  iiiirtiil.  C'a|it. 
()i-nrnf  IViiso  WO'*  stniidiiiK  mar,  and,  realizing  llii'  (iaiiv;ir,  tliii'w  out  liiii'S  mid  callid  lo  tin-  iiifii  to  jiiiii|) 
oviTlioard  and  soi/f  llioiii.  Tin.'  lircinaii,  IVtci  Aiidurson,  lii'cdcd  tin.'  waniinn  and  was  liaiilcd  in  saMy  liy  Capl.uii 
Pease.  Captain  Janiii-son.  and  lUII,  tlic  di'ckliand,  licsitati'd  loi  a  inoiiicnt,  finally  jnnipcil  too  late  and  wnc 
spicdilv  --wcpl  to  tlifir  doatli.  'I'lir  lioat  went  rivir  tlie  l.dls,  and  wliiii  it  scltlrd  ludow  llu'  apids  tlic  lionsi'  and 
iippii  works  lloalcd  <iH  and  went  on  ilowii  the  river,  <oniiii^;  aslioic  at  I'ortlaiid  conipaiatiMlv  iiniiiiuHil.  Tin-. 
proved  tliiil,  if  Jainiesoii  anil  Hell  liad  reinaiiird  willi  it,  llieii  lives  iiMKlit  have  lieiii  sa\cd  'I'lii  pili>t  house 
was  picked  up  liy  a  sleainer  near  the  niontli  oT  the  Willaliielte. 

Two  explosions  took  |)lace  in  iKs7,  an<l  the  steamers  in  tjotli  eases  were  pioneers  in  Iheir  respective  loealilics. 
The  /■■(//m,  owiieil  hy  A.  U.  Ralilieson  olOlyinpia,  the  (Irst  Aineriean  steamer  on  i'n^;et  Sound,  explode<l  licr 
lioiler  ()<lol)er  2jd,  jnst  as  she  was  leaving  the  wliarl  al  Steilaiooni  rf)r  <  )lyiiipia,  slinhtly  injmiiin  every  one  on 
hoard  except  the  iiiuineer,  and  seriously  sealdin^  Mrs.  ]•'.  Kennedy,  a  passenger.  'I'lie  hull  sank  at  tin- 
wharf  iininediately  alter  the  explosion,  hnl  on  searching  for  it  a  lew  days  later  no  trace  could  he  loiiiid.  It  was 
discovered  a  week  aflerwanl  lloatinn  fifteen  miles  ahove  Sleilaeoom,  Iml  the  nn'e'liiiiery  hail  disappe.ired.  Tin 
\i'(ixliiiii;lo)i,  which  was  the  first  steamer  on  the  Hinpipia  and  one  of  the  first  on  the  Willamette  Kivcr,  siincied  in 
explosion  near  Scottshiirn.  Uicemlier  ulh,  in  which  live  persons  were  fiealded  and  injured  and  the  steaiiici 
totally  wrecked.  The  ste.imer  had  hecii  rnnniiiK  lielween  rmpipi.i  and  Scoltsl)nr^;  for  a  lonn  time  and  u;is 
supposed  III  lie  ill  ^ood  eondilion.     As  in  the   case  of  the  /'niiy  .ilid   a  Inlin  list  of  calastrophes  of  this  iialnie  tli;it 

occurred  in  alter  e.ars,  no  .apparent  cause  for  the  disaster  ( oiild  he 
discovered.  The  hii^  /,  /.'.  /htiwn,  a  well  known  eoastir,  came  tu 
Hiief  ;it  the  nioiith  of  the  Noyo  Kiver,  Octoher  ,V'tli.  While  lyiiin  in 
,111  open  roadstead  she  parted  her  eli.iin  and  drifted  into  the  hieakeis, 
111!  (iiiiinn  a  complete  loss.  Captain  Miller  was  in  comiii.ili<l  .ind  Willi 
his  crew  escaped  III  safety. 

The  entire  Northwest,  ami  especially  Hritish  Culiiinliia  .iihl 
Washinnlon,  was  the  scene  of  a  veritalile  lioom  in  is.S'^-  A  wild  iiihli 
of  K'dd-seekers  came  Ihroiining  np  from  the  lower  coast,  and  in  Imc  I 
from  all  over  the  world.  News  of  the  marvelous  richness  of  lln 
I'Vaser  Kiver  ^old  mines  spie.id  r.ipidly,  and  there  was  ,i  repetiliuii 
of  the  '  p)  excitcimnt  in  California  on  a  somewhat  siii.iller  sialc 
Naturally  eiioiinh  the  Ineky  ones  of  this  hi;;  crowd  included  lint  ;i 
small  ]iir(  enlace  of  the  total  nninlier  arriving,  and  the  disappoiiiliil 
majority  drifted  into  other  pursuits,  farming.  IninlieriiiK,  trading 
lishiii^,  lie,  all  of  which  necessarily  (^;i\e  all  impetus  lo  the  maiini 
liiisimss  lh;il  it  had  never  enjoyed  before  ;  and,  while  the  ^iinvlli 
afterward  was  nolliiii^  like  the  iihenomen.il  Inisiness  w.ave  that  stnii  k 
the  transporl.iliiiii  cnmpanies  early  in  l.S.vS,  that  year  |iioli,alily  mem- 
lli.iii  any  other  will  he  rememhered  as  the  heKiniiin^  of  a  period  ol 
develci])meiil  th.il  was  never  checked.  The  mnshroom  towns  llial 
sprang  iij)  in  a  week  could  not  .ill  survive.  Iiiiwe\er,  .iiid  a  few  I'adtil 
as  rapidly  as  lliev  had   hlossomed.  hut  the  iieoiile  were  now  heie.  anil 

CAIW      OKCJU..!.    W.    11. .\  1.  II.  II 

the  work  ol  making  the  new  Northwest  a  rich  .iiid  ])iospeniii>. 
commoiiweallh  he^aii  in  dead  earncsl  Whatcom  .ind  \'ictoria  were  the  ports  that  profited  most  from  the  I-'rastr 
Kiver  exciteiiienl,  lull,  while  Victoria  never  losl  the  presume  gained,  Whatermi  settled  hack  into  a  state  of  letliar^;y 
lidiii  uliich  she  was  nut  arouse  d  for  twenty  five  years.  The  ocean  sleamsliips,  many  of  which  had  reached  llie 
Coast  barely  ill  time  to  witness  the  abateiiient  of  tlie  California  K<'ld  fever,  had  been  nii]irolitabiy  emploved  imisl 
of  the  lime,  .ind  now  made  up  for  lost  ipiii.ituiiilies,  paying  better  than  the  ^old  mines  so  indiis'rioiisly  soii^;ht.  Il 
was  no  longer  a  ipiestioii  ol  rates,  biil  iiislc.id  a  itialler  of  siipplyiiiH  steamers  eiioiij.;h  to  h.iiiillc  the  crowds 
that  were  rushing'  northward. 

The  sailing  \issels  did  not  ovirlook  this  harvest,  and  many  well  known  coasters,  with  liastiK'  ini|iiovi'.' il 
passcn^i'r  accommiid.ilions,  bronchi  up  goodly  numbers  of  ^old-seekers,  '("lie  bri^  Afiii liniilnnni,  Capt.  ("leoinc 
W.  lioyd.  was  one  of  the  first  of  the  sailing  Heel  to  iiiKa^e  in  this  trade,  and  left  Sail  I'raiicisco  on  I  '-r  first  liip 
uilhlwo  Imudlid   passengers.      .\    ^ood    idea    of   the    l.ir;.;e    tr.illic    produced    by    the    iili]i.iralleled    mi^r.itiipii  is 

'-'e'.iht.  Cfor^c  W.  Ili)\(l  wiis  Imuii  in  .Mainr  in  iSj\.  Me  cnUicil  llir  scrvii-e  on  the  All;nilir  Cciasi  while  >fl  a  tiny,  ami  ^^as 
sliipwrcrkcd  (111  fapi'  ("nil  ill  llii-  scIkhiuci  h'ohiit  A'ii/:f'\  ut  llic  n\^i'  nt  Ihirtci-n,  Aflcr  rcailiiti^  tin-  iiosilinii  ol  tnaslcr,  anil  Maii'itu 
vcssrls  to  llu*  \\'rsl  liwiirs  .iiul  all  parts  of  i-iiiropc  ami  llu-  MfdlU'l  r.-illcaii,  lu-  tanii-  lo  lln-  Pacilir  in  iS^S.  lakin^'  cll.-irj^e  iil  'la* 
A/t'if /iiin/iihlll.  Ill'  rcniainril  with  luT  tlirn-  \i-ars,  anil  lluil  wrill  to  llu-  ,hip  <i>i/uiinl)ii,  wliicli  he  li;tn*lh-(l  (or  si-\(-n  \cars.  His 
next  vi'ssci  ill  .M<  i^(|^s'  cniploy  w.-is  the  0\  III  I'll,  wliirli  lu-  loniinaii'h-d  (luring  one  season.  Tllen  he  hail  rliar^;e  ol  llie  H'i/,/;,iii>'f  Ifir 
two  \ears  in  the  I'hilia  tr.-uli-.  ^olll^  floin  lu-r  to  I  he  /  'iJt'th-.  lie  w.'ls  inasler  ol  this  vessel  lol  si^  se.its,  inosl  oT  tile  liliu-  en^.l^eil  III 
the  lutulier  tradi'  lo  Soiitli  .Anieiiea.  ( hi  le;i\iii|^  l  he  /  "hi f  I  It'  lie  enteii-il  the  iMiiplov  ol  Kenton,  I  lolines  iV  to.,  .iiul  saileil  the  si  ip 
()/ill^i'  lor  seven  years  to  Cllin.t  ,'llul  .Mexico.  He  then  lllaile  one  voyage  ill  the  //;////  . /.  />'l'lj;i;\  whirh  lie  lell  to  talie  ehal>.M  nl 
the  ti'ritrni/  /•'diii/ii/i/,  in  which  he  was  a  jiarl  owner,  ami  whirli  he  operaled  lor  si\  years  ill  the  coal  liaile  hetween  Hritish  t'oliiin  in 
ami  Califiirnia  ports.  lie  .ilso  owlleil  all  inleresi  in  the  ship  IVni  hliwill ,  wlliill  lu-  ran  for  a  M-ar  aHer  le.iviiij;  the  /■'mu /li/il.  ml 
then   letireil  IVoni  active  service,  still  n-tainin^'   his  interest   iii   the  ships  (,'inri,il  luiii  i  lilfil,   tl'iit /itt  •\f//  ■Aut\    A'it/ii\   A     ll'nni/.   ill 


Piiijrl  HuiiihI  Hti'iinli(i:ilH,   (lolilni  l):ifi  t)/' Ir-if^r  K'l^fr  Ni)vi(j:iti 


69 


nlitiiiiiLfl  fn)i!i  llu- passi-n^'tT  cU'iirmufs  frotn  S:m  I-Viiikmsco  for  Victoria  and  I''ras(.T  Kivcr  points.     TIr- InlNiwinj; 

list  ^ivi'S  llu- iiaiuf  itl  tlu'  vi'ssris  ancl  the  nnniln.T  ol  pjissi-nxiTs  <iirri<*il  Iiy  t-acli  InlwttM  Apiil  isiiti'l  Aiiv;ust 
7,  iH.s**-  II  t*^^*>  shows,  in  a  striking  manner,  tlie  rinc  ami  lall  ol  tlir  I'raser  Ihhimi.  In 
April  till-  stcanisliip  (  omff/oi/nn  lairitd  \itit  passcnj^frs.  tin*  scliDoiirr  (iolticH  S/it/f  is,  <'»ucl 
the  stranitT  (\>n\tihf(ion  1  pi.  total  |SS-  In  Msiy  t''*^'  steamship  /\tmtnni''  crtiriiMJ  s,''-^.  tlu* 
i  ofuifhuion-  io|,  and  llu*  /\tii/it  "  S"*'.  l'>lal  i,2'»i.  In  Jnin-  the  straniships  A'//>///'//>  rarried 
vs^.  ^  ommodote  <*"*>.  I\uimihi  i,o7'i,  Cottv"  ''  -^"X,  Smihi  (tu  '*  j*>.S,  Otti^if/  ^iH,  Suna 
Xt  iihht  V"",  /'"<////  pn»  ;  srhooncis  dinUittn  Ms,  Is'ossttlh  M,  I'.mmtt  \s,  i*tl\^}tm  \\  ; 
Iiaiks  I  (t/i/onii(i  i,  ( loldhunttt  \\2,  .hithinh'  loo,  /,/,"/■  >V////vv  j|o,  /A  /I/.  /A///  10:;,, 
A*,  /'iiwffti^tf  ^s"  '''""  /''//I'  iiMi;  tin-  ship  ll'////<//;;  took  iS";ind  the  hiij;  /■'.  .Ii/n///^ 
also  took  IV.  a  total  ol  Iwi'iity  loni  vrssels,  cairyini;  7,1  pj  passen;;ers.  In  July  tlu-  \esstls 
rallying  passen^irs  vvt-ie  :  steamships  Otiuthn  7.S/1,  Cottt::  (\\  (,  Sanltt  (  nr:  Moo,  Oiri^oH 
7(S,  Ihotlut  Jonathtui  ^s".  Siena  iXeiuula  <j(»o,  i\uilii  \Uu,  /*tunnmt  1 2.S  ;  st  hoiiiiers 
Ortolmi  I,  .l/tf/'ih,  i'miuts  llthu  \  \,  d-iltUn  Slate  js,  /ttunftf  j,  Sfttton  /',  /t/f/n/  ■^j, 
diiilhllii  lo,  /'//i;r  'p,  /'i'uttiH  I,  Uin'tn  «</  M^-  /vAa  i^,  /\i>s(i///t/(t  '  1,  A't/'i>t//f  1.  Af>//i; 
11    iMMii    l'o.l^^  /\/i(f/t/ S,  .Sftsttf/  .  l/i/i;(i/  \  ,    \n\^s  (ffmttut   |o,   /'ttsf7rfr  Hi>,   I'.llt'n  II.  tt'tun/ H,  Ontultlx   lu'llr 


well  klM)\\ll  c( 


.  r  itiitiiii).',  Ix'lwccn  llttlisli  r>tlnni)ii:t  ;iii>t  i'li^cl  Soiiiiil  <  oal  jturts  iiihl  (.'iiliforiiiii.      In   liis  loii^  cuo-cr  (iii  Uir  C"iist 


(  iipliiin   |U)><I  liMs  mil    Willi  iiiiifn'iiilv  ^mkmI  tihk,  ik  vi-t    liuviiu:  Ini'l  11  scrioi 


nr'.cht  living;  in  S:iti  I'lath  ism,  fii)o\  iii^; 
Tin-  '.ti'aiiishii»  /'///(//////  Wiis 


llir 


III  Ills  iri.iii 


I  idcnl  lni|ipc'ii  toMship  in  his  t'Imr^;i'.     Ih*  is  ;il 


V  >)  ills 


liiuj  Iiccn  iHinonini'd  in  tin*   ICiist,  the  (nfifo 


III  (lie  nriv^iiiaj  tlin-i-  '.Inini 


iinij  lilt-  On 


rrll   tin 

>  limit  for  the  Pacilir  ('(lasl   Irailc  alter  tin-  <l 


Ki  iivcrv  (ii 


I'; 


Itii 


Mail   Ii 


f  KoM 

]»rrnMliiiK  Iirr.     Wliili-  rnnniii^;  on  llu'  notlln'rii  toiiu-s  in  tin* 
'.In-  w;is  roniniJintlc.j  hy  tin-   DalK,  \Va1'.(Mi,  Wakmiaii,   Wlnlin;^,    loliiisoii   ami   I'rctH  li.     Wlicii  the  I'arilir  Mail 


■i|   Its  iioMlirtn   roiilfs  over   In   Urn    Molladav.  t  ln"   f'<iniiniii 


uiliniiril  (III  lliis  Ittif  iiiilil    rS'iM.  wlicn  slir  was  soM   lo  tin 

st  ol   Mfxico  iMiilr)    IIk' 


M(Mi  an  < ',iivi-rnnii-nl,  wliii  litlnl   lii-i    ii]i  as  a  t<'\<'nii'    iiniJ  tiittispoil   straimi  .iM<t   laii   lict   on   tlic  west 

ri,intr  ol  /lliUf':. 

'Tin-  f'lhifii  was  a  snmll  siilcwln  rl  stratnstiiii  ol  Syf)  loiis  ImimIi-ii.  She  was  limit  in  Nrw  N'otk  in  |S',i,  was  two  lMinili<-<l 
ui'l  iwMilv  tliitr  l<  (I  Ion;;,  tliiiU  lliiir  Icct  a\  im  lirs  luani,  an*!  scvi-iitrrn  Itrl  liold.  Afln  (Mining;  tint  horn  llir  liasl  s)ic  ran  l<ir  a 
nrnrontlii-  ran.nna  Upittt-.  lail  wil  h  I  lie  (lei  lim- ol  lMi--im-ss  was  hiiil  ii|i  lor  a  wliilc.  <Mi  lict  jiinil  at  \'iiloiia  in  iS'tH  she  was 
Ml  (  liar^jf  ol  t  apt.  Kolii-n  Halt  y.  with  < ».  Van  liiisn.  cntiimcr.  Hairy  w.is  siicri-r<h(|  l.y  I'attrrson,  Ihirns,  I  ir  WoH,  Mrl/v;»-r, 
Slaplrs,  Tia^^r.  WiiiHor,  Stoilhanll,  llariison,  Slnrwooil.  ShoII  ami  llowrll.  In  iS^l,  whilr  in  coniniaml  of  Stapirs  m  lonli'  Ironi 
i'rallainl  to  Astoria,  hIk*  sank  in  titr  (.'ohiinhia  mar  VoHin  Uork,  July  iSlli  The  sti'anicr  /''vf^irw  took  Ihr  lire  engine  down  f'rniii 
I'orllan'l,  and  allrr  rotisiilrralilr  trotihtr  she  was  laiM-d  and  puMi)ii*r|  oiil.  A  li-w  rrpaits  were  nia'tc  and  she  a^ain  wriit  into  scrvtrc, 
)iul  was  H-tiinl  in  1H7/,  oiilv  to  Im-  r<->uri(*(  tt-d  a^iiiii  in  iH/S.  when  tin-  (  assiai  iiiinint.^  rM'iliim  lit  litoii;.'hl  out  i  ^tr\'  old  pai  kit  that 
roiild  lloal.  She  airivcd  at  \ir|oria  on  ln-r  lirsl  trip  April  lotli,  and  a  l<Mal  papn,  in  <-oniini'iitin^  on  lirr,  said  :  "  Slit*  h;ts  ic<  rnlly 
licin  rcliiiilt  and  is  in  cxcidltrnt  st-H  ^<iiii^  condition."  Six  inonths  later  sin-  provt-d  tin  nntrutlilnlnt'ss  o|  that  stiiiiiiu*nt  hv  the 
most   awlnl   inarini'  disaster  that  ever  oeeiirred  on  the  Parilii-  I'ojisl  Inee  wreck  o(  steamship  /\iiifit,  iSytj). 

'The  slcainship  t  o)  (r  :  was  hnill  in  .\t  v\  Vol  k  to  nin  in  tlie  lndependeiil  l.iiie  witli  the  steamer  ll'in/ii'lif  Si  "ft.  Sin-  w.is  ol 
ahoiil  Soil  tons  hnideii,  )eii|.;th  two  hundred  .tiid  I  went  v  hve  lect ,  with  thirty  I  wo  and  a  hall  h-et  heaiii.  and  1\m-iiI  \  four  feel  depth  ol 
Iiolii,  She  real  lied  San  hratuisco  on  her  lirst  trip  Iroin  ranama.  (htoher  7,  iHt,.^,  With  the  <h*chiie  ol  laisiness  on  the  I'iiiiama 
loute  she  was  sent  on  (aeasional  voyaj^es  North.  She  arrived  at  Vancouver.  Wash.,  on  her  lirst  trip  Ocloher  l,^,  l-S.^H,  in 
coninniiMl  of  dipt.  T.  II.  Ilnntin^ton,  and  continued  rn  lining  to  I  he  North,  in  charv.**  <>(  IIunlin).^ton  and  (.'apt.  C  C  hall,  nil  til  |H6^, 
She  was  tiirm-d  over  with  the  rest  otthe  lleet  lo  HoMadav  \-  l-'lint  when  ihev  eiitereil  the  steamship  hiisiruss  in  iSfji,  ami  was  s()lrl 
hv  tlieiu  to  parties  v.Iio  sent  her  to  China.     She  was  siihseniieiitU  destro\e<l  hv  hre  at  Shan|^liai. 

■''Tlie  steamship  S'lu/ii  Cm::,  which  was  j. laced  on  the  northern  route,  in  i  oinmaiid  of  I';iunlh-T<»y  and  Staples,  as  an 
independent  steamer,  runiiinjj;  riii  Crescent  (.'ity,  was  ol  a  later  date  than  the  (fiii^ou  and  /'i//iit»ti.  Iml  w.is  ahoiil  as  slow  as  the 
otiieis.  In  iSfti  ,slie  was  loaned  lo  the  I'nJled  States  I  Vovemnient  lor  a  lew  months  and  Idled  out  as  a  revenue  cnller,  sidling  under 
the  uiUUf  (t'l  Uftii/  StiniHn.  When  she  ndl  the  Cictvernmenl  service  she  w.as  honj^hl  hy  San  I'ram  isco  p.n  tics  for /,|'',i).  mi  and  taken 
to  China,  uhere  she  was  sold  (or  ifHi/nwi. 

'The  sttainship  Strrm  iWevadtt  was  Imill  in  New  \'ork  in  1H51  hy  Charles  Morgan,  who  intended  her  lor  the  Texas  traile. 
Sin  was  alterwartl  soh!  lo  t."oninio(lore  *  iarrison,  and  made  tin  ee  trips  to  (."Iia^ies,  then  s;m  I  in^  Iroin  New  \')irk  lor  S.ui  h'ranciseo, 
lieceiiiher  \2.  iS.=;-i.  in  conimiiiid  (d  (.'apt.  J.  I»,  Wilson,  who  tlied  at  Panama  and  was  succeeded  hy  Cajitain  Tanner,  who  conipIete<l 
I  he  v'lva^e.  Her  fit  si  work  on  arrival  was  on  tin-  San  jnaii  route,  in  char).'.c  ol  (.  itptain  llletlieii  She  was  one  ol  I  he  fastest  ol  the  old 
line  of  steamships,  and,  while  sin  niij.',lit  Ipc  i onsiilereil  ii  slow  packet  to(l;i\,  in  iS<j.'  she  made  a  tecitrd  Iroin  San  I'rancisi  o  to 
Portland  ol  ;j  hours,  which  was  nol  healeii  toi  several  \ears.  The  steamer  lirst  <  anie  to  Poill.and  in  t  Iiar^^e  id  |)all,  who  was 
siK  1  eeiled  hy  Wakenian,  Conner,  Jolinston,  Williitms,  Hnntinj;don,  I'aunlleroy,  and  olhers,  of  whom  Conner  was  lonj^est  in 
coniniand,  Iiiirin^;  his  time  tin*  old  steamer  carried  S'"!  ami  'poo  passcii^^ers  ]ier  Uip.  When  liolladay  started  the  Calilornia. 
'  iie^^on  \'  Mc\ir;in  Steamship  Ctiinpanv  the  Si  it  /</  ,\\  vat{,i  was  (uie  of  its  hesi  sle.iim.'rs.  She  made  her  last  voya>.;e  to  I  he  North 
;ilioiit  iH'.M,  ami  t  hr  lollowinj,;  year  was  jiPk cl  on  one  of  the  southern  ronttH  out  of  San  I'taneiseo,  and  within  a  short  time  af'terwanl 
sliiK  k  a  reel  r.lf   Pedro  HIam  <»  and  hecanie  a  total  wreck. 

''  With  the  Otfti/iiH,  as  inato,  was  Daniel  Iv.  P'arlcy,  wln»,  at  the  present  writing,  has  spi-nl  over  filly  years  of  his  lil-  in  active 
srivfie  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  lie  was  l>f)rn  in  New  Vork  in  1^53.  ami  when  nine  years  old  lonndetl  the  Morn  as  cahin  hoy  on  the 
wlialin^^  ship  .//( /"/pr.  serviii^^  w  itii  her  in  the  Norlli  until  iS,|^),  when  she  pnl  into  San  l>iej^',f(  and  he  joii.ed  the  whaler  lllimns, 
nil  wliicli  lif  iciiiineil  to  Sa^  Ilarhor  in  iS^'i,  coming;  out  a).;.iin  in  the  schooner  h'ohrt I  /!mi,  ,  in  which  his  unci  ■  Wiis  part  owner. 
The  Ih  Hit-  .111  tved  at  San  I'rancisto,  Octoher  l  2,  iH.so,  ran  lor  two  \cais  he  I  ween  I  he  May  City  and  the  Saiidwii  h  Ishuids  and  was  then 
sohl  to  the  Shoalwater  Hay  Oyster  Companv  fin  the  lirst  trip  in  their  service  the  stewanl  pois<ined  the  captain  and  st-t  lire  lo 
Hie  vessel  al  llnicejiorl.  <>n  leavinj^  the  /  / '/  •  '-  .'itaJn  I-'arley  ohtainetl  a  position  on  the  sclmoner  I:il7vaui  A.  hio\i,  s.iilinj^  l'> 
ihiiiohiln  for  two  years.  lie  tin  11  weiil  wl  aPn;',  --v.  •■  latsteerer  <»n  the  Jfiinii/  '/ t'loiuf'son,  and  on  his  reliiin  wtirked  in  Ihe  pilot 
■ "  i\ice  on  Sail  I'raiicisco  har  lor  a  \ear.  wh  n  lie  p  I'lcd  ami  followed  I  In-  coast  inj.;  Irade  until  iHs^s.  lie  hit  the  (  h  fo/uH  lo  ;.;o  to  tlie 
niiiM'.,  hut,  with  other  disaijioiiilcd  ^.^rdd-st  k<'^ii<  ii  led  lo  San  ITain  isco  in  the  lall  and  soon  loiiiid  a  la-tlli  as  master  (d  Ihe 
M  hooner  .V  />.  />'<ii/iy,  which  he  hantlled  Itiod  iS'is.  .t  which  time  he  secured  an  interest  in  the  /•'antut'  (,//miHt',  credilt-d  willi  tlii- 
faslest  schooner  trip  ever  made  Ironi  I  lost  on  U-  San  I'l  aiieiseo,  ctiinin^^  out  in  one  hnndicil  and  seven  days,  lie  ran  Ihe  /uninir  < ,'  i/itmir 
milil  .d(.n^'  in  the  eiv;hties,  wln-n  he  t<»ok  the  si  i  <'.iii  -r  I'linnw  pHdiuf.  rniiiiiiiK  to  Pii^et  Sound,  ami  remained  with  her  until  iHf/*p, 
liavm^;  heeti  in  <  hary^e  u  hen  she  pick«-d  up  the  011  ly  siir\  ivots  Iroin  tin-  lost  Sf.  Sfi />hirt.  Mis  ne\t  vessels  were  ihe  sclioonns  /ninf'ii 
and  Ol  iiul,  which  he  sailed  in  the  matliei  11  tiadt-  iinlil  ihont  two  \ears  aj,M>,  win  11  he  was  j-iveii  coniniaiid  of  the  liichoat  (in,  ri  hoi 
^I'lihlntni  in  San  Prancisco  harhoi. 

"Tlu?  schoom  r  l\\i\ii/ihia,  which  the  Tillamooker'.  had  hiiilt  in  (Ss7.  >'"ninience<l  rnnniii^^  tliis  \ear,  hut  proved  ;i  very 
iMiiaolii.dile  specnlaiitni.  She  was  a  neat  litth  i  tall  hU  feet  Iouk-  '7  '''l  I"  am,  'p  feet  ^1  inches  hold,  ami  was  <(wne<l  hy  P.llnid^e 
I  I  >'  1: .  laiiK  s  and  Nelson  1 1  i^^inhothani.  She  was  loath  il  a  ith  ptovisions  and  la  1 111  prorlnct-  and  -cut  to  San  ]-'ianei'<co  in  comma  ml 
"\  I  man  named  Mams  tip  si  curt-  tlu- halaiice  o!  her  e(iuii»menl.  Mai  ris  was  a  poor  tiatlir.  and  when  the  wurk  was  rlouf  he  could 
I'll'  IH'  »  t  the  hilts.     Accordmj^lv  Ihe  schoom-r  was  liheleil  ami  -.ohl,  and  tin-  owners  lost  hoth  vesst  1  and  ear^o. 


;■' 


t  > ) 


I 


mm 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


U^|28     |2.5 

it  i::   110 


IJil 


^ 


7i 


/ 


^. 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WCST  MAIN  STRiET 

WMSTIR.N.Y.  US«0 

(716)S72-4S03 


\ 


iV 


LV 


k 


SJ 


:\ 


\ 


^ 


;\ 


^. 


#>  ^ 


'*>'■ 


'■ 


.  -O^ 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


lo;  harks  A;/<t  /,.  /Me  186,  Kahumkeag  60,  Jennie  Ford  45,  F.Uen  Thomas  9,  Live  Yankee  190;  ships  A".  /•* 
Willills  250,  Cairibeait  330,  Leonidas  150,  Manuel  Afoittl  75,  a  total  of  thirty-seven  vessels,  carrying  6, .78 
passengers.     In  August   up   to   the   7th,  wlien   the   crowds  began  diminishing  rapidly,  the  Santa  Cruz  took 

30,  the  Panama  49,  brig  EUenita  5,  ship  Oracle  170,  a  total  of  254 
passengers.  The  greatest  crowd  leaving  San  Francisco  on  a  single 
day  was  on  July  ,^d,  when  the  steamship  Santa  Cm::,  schooner  .//<»/, 
barks  Lucy  L.  Hale  and  Nahumkeag,  ships  A".  F.  H'illelts  and  Cani- 
bean,  took  1,732  passengers.  The  second  largest  number  sailed  from 
the  Bay  City,  July  loth,  when  the  steamships  Sierra  Nevada  and 
Paritic,  schooners  Golden  State,  Jeanette,  Simon  /•'.  IllunI  and  GiuUetia, 
and  the  brig  Curacoa,  took  away  1,409  passengers,  and  on  June  24th 
the  steamships  Commodore  and  Oregon,  and  the  bark  Ann  Perry,  took 
1,218  pa.ssengers. 

During  the  same  period  the  following  vessels  cleared  for  \'icto- 
ria  and  Fra.ser  River  points  with  cargoes  only  :  bark  Mallory  in  May, 
and  in  June  the  schooners  Osprey  and  Fanny  Piper,  brig  Eolus,  and 
the  sloop  Curlejv,  followed  her.  Those  sailing  in  July  were :  schooners 
Lord  Kaglan,  Cornelia  Terry,  Island  Queen,  Umpqua,  Xevada,  AY/ru- 
beth.  Kale  Adams,General Morgan,  W.  Hicks, Santiago.  Ann  Pelgardno, 
Osceola,  Jllack  Prince  and  Alexander,  barks  Ocean  liird,  Acadia,  J.  R. 
Mora,  /Ironies'"  and  American,  stoops  Leonidas,  Hatlie  /^orter,  Olive, 
brigs  Sitiss  Hoy  and/  5.  Cabot,  steamer  Wilson  G.  Hunt,  tug  Martin 
White,  barge  Sacramento,  and  ship  Frigate  /iird. 

The  Columbia  was  the  regular  Portlaud  steamer,  and  hundreds 
who  could  not  secure  passage  direct  to  the  Sound  went  via  Portland  to 
the  Cowlitz,  thence  overland  to  Olympia,  where  they  took  steamer  or 
In  the  fall  the  Columbia  made  a  few  trips  to  the  Sound,  and  was  then 
withdrawn  from  the  Portland  route  and  ran  for  a  short  time  to  the  I'mpqua.  White  running  to  the  Sound  slie 
maile  stops  at  Huralioldt,  Crescent  City,  Port  Orford,  Umpqua,  Port  Townsend,  Steilacoom,  Olympia,  Teekalet,  Port 
laultow  and  Neah  Kay.  Her  last  pn.ssage  to  Portland  was  made  in  August,  and  was  her  one  hundred  and  iiftietli 
on  that  route.  She  also  .  lade  several  voyages  to  San  Diego  and  Panama  after  she  entered  the  northern  service. 
The  Commodore  met  with  an  accident  early  in  the  rush  which  prevented  her  from  securing  a  share  of  the  spoils. 
She  left  San  Francisco  overloaded,  carrying,  beside  freight,  about  four  hundred  pa.ssengers,  and  within  a  few  hours 
Ijegan  leaking  so  badly  tliat  she  had  to  put  back  for  repairs.  When  she  again  appeared  on  the  route  it  was  under  a 
new  name  and  management,  John  T.  Wright  having  sold  the  .steamer  to  the  California  Steam  Navigation  Company, 
wlio  called  her  the  /irolhcr  Jonalhan.  At  that  time  Wright  also  unloaded  the  steamer  Pacific  on  the  same  company, 
who  thus  came  into  possession  of  a  pair  of  worn-out  hulks  which  were  destined  for  a  horrible  fate.  The  very 
mention  of  their  names  cau.ses  a   shudder   of  horror   to   those   whose   friends  li"  coffined  within  their  rotttn 


O1.1VKR  Van  DrsKK 


sailing  vessel  to  the  upper  country. 


l't)KTI.ANI>.    0«..   IN    1S5S 


timbers  somewhere  in  the  depths  of  the  ocean.  The  strong  incentive  for  risking  such  tender  old  craft  m 
passenger  traffic  can  be  realized  from  the  statement  that  John  T.  Wright  refunded  $i2,5<x>to  the  gold-seektis 
who  had  taken  passage  on  the  Comniodore  at  the  time  she  was  obliged  to  return  for  repairs. 


'"  Tile  hark  lironlis  was  one  of  the  liest  known  Itiniber  traders  on  the  Coast  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  centur}-.  anil  was  alwav-  u 
profitaljle  vessel.  One  of  the  best  known  captains  in  coninianil  wasi  l'.  W.  tlatter,  at  the  present  time  a  I'liKel  Sound  sieiiinsli  p 
pilot.  She  made  lier  last  trip  to  Honolulu  in  1H77,  arriving  there  April  loth  in  a  sinking  rondition  owing  to  old  age.  She  w  s 
cundemued  and  sold,  and  the  man  who  took  her  over  "  never  came  hack." 


Pugt't  Sound  Steamboats,  Golden  Dap  of  Fraser  River  Ndviyatiun 


7' 


Tlie  principal  steamships  on  the  northern  routes  in  1858  were  comnuuideil  as  follows:  Norllurncr,  C.  C. 

n.ili:   Oitiion.  Patterson;    Ptuifii-.   Haley;   Snu/n  Cm:,   Fauntleroy  ;  Columbia,  \^ .   \,.    Dall  ;   /'(i;/(//«a,  Watson 

and   Mall:    Coili:.   Hnntiiigton ;    CommoJoie,   Staples;    Sitrni   XffaJti,  lUethen.     The    A'r/>ii6/ii,   Oriuibn    and 

Slipliens  were  in  charge  of  the  captains  of  the  regular  steamers,  which 
they  temporarily  replaced.  Among  the  best  known  engineers  running  North 
in  the  Fraser  River  fleet  were  Oliver  Van  Duser,"  Elijah  Mott,  I,.  V. 
Hogeboom,"  and  Ivdwin  and  Alonzo  Cox.'' 

While  the  mining  excitement  was  at  its  height,  nearly  all  of  the 
steamships  ran  from  San  Francisco  to  Victoria  and  Hellingham  Hay  without 
stopping  at  intervening  points,  but  as  the  crowds  thinned  out  they  again 
called  at  Astoria  and  Portland  going  and  coming.  Leonard  iS:  C.reen  were 
the  Portland  representatives  for  the  Pacific  Mail  Company,  which  was 
running  a  boat  directly  from  San  Francisco  and  one  I'ia  Crescent  City.  The 
Merchants'  Accommodation  Line,  as  John  T.  Wright  styled  the  stcaiiiers 
Commodore  and  Piuijic  before  they  were  sold  to  the  California  .Steam  Navi- 
gation Company,  also  ran  one  steamer 
via  Crescent  City,  and  was  represented 
at  Portland  by  Allen  &  I^ewis.  Richards 
&  McCracken  were  agents  for  the  Saiila 
Cm:,  which  started  independently  in 
the  spring  but  soon  withdrew.  The  first 
tugboat  on  the  .Sound  arrived  this  year. 
She  was  called  the  Resolute."  and  a  short 
time  afterward  collided  with  the  Norlh- 

,riii)  olT  Itickenson's  Point,  damaging  the  latter  vessel  to  the  extent  of  about 

>i,(Mo  and  seriously  injuring  a  soldier  on  board.     Capt.  J.  M.  Guindon  was  in 

coimn.ind  of  the  A'esoli/le  at  this  time  and  remained  in  charge  during  her  entire 

ciieer  on  the  Sound,  which  ended  in   1S68  with  a  fearful   boiler   explosion. 

The  Ol/er  and  the  lleazi  r  were  still  the  mainstays  of  Victoria's  home  fleet,  but 

ill  the  fall  the  machinery  arrived  to  e(iuip  the  first  steamboat  built  at  that 

point.     In  the  spring  the  Consliliitioii  and  the  Sea  liiid  were  running  Iwtween 

Stcilacoom,  ()lyni|>ia.  and  other  Sound  ports,  the  former  with  Captain  Gove  and  the  latter  wi 


n<)<^Kiiiiu.\i 


J.    M.    C.l'I.N-IMIN 

ith  Francis  Conner  as 


"  OlivtT  \'aii  I>itser,  <me  (»f  the  ohlt'st  stcuuislii))  engineers  on  tile  Coast,  was  on  the  i\ui fi,  this  year,  running  .North  in 
Wrights  line  Mr.  Viin  Dnser  was  liorn  on  Staten  Island  in  ,S^2  anil  lie^an  his  marine  career  on  the  .Mlanlie  Coast.  His  lirsl 
^icaiiiship  was  the  ohl  I  \iiie:.  In  l^%b  he  was  with  the  Sra  liiij,  anil  prior  to  joining  the  l\iiilii  he  ran  on  the  Sirii,:  \,  :tiilii. 
Me  Ittt  the  l'<h  i/i,  Id  ^o  to  the  steamer  ('nnit'lia,  and  spent  tile  j;reater  part  of  his  time  on  the  southern  routes  until  iSf)5  ()6,  when 
hr  si'vid  oil  the  Peruvian  Hunhoai  ("(i/ii«  Tor  eighteen  months.  Injaunary,  i.S6(),  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Californi.T  .Steam 
Navi;;atiou  Company,  on  the  steamer  Citlifufiin,  with  Capt.  Charles  Thorn.  I''roni  the  ( 'tili/oini,i  he  went  to  the  .  .'/•'  f.  leaviuj;  the 
I.itter  vessel  for  the  Idiiho,  on  which  he  worked  hut  a  short  time,  returning;  to  the  Ajax  n  1.S67  and  reniaiuiuK  there  nine  vears. 
Ill  1S7(>  he  joined  the  lirorxc  /('.  I'llri,  where  he  served  until  the  steamer  Oiriioii  lanie  out.  two  years  later.  lie  spent  two  years 
oil  Ihi-  l)i,Xi"i,  anil  left  her  in  1S.S0  to  take  charge  of  the  <  'ttlumbitt's  engine  room,  and  has  occupied  this  ]iosition  up  to  the  ])resent 
tilllv. 

"  IviiKinecr  L.  V.  HoKehoom  was  horn  in  New  York  in  1.S27  and  commenced  his  marine  service  on  the  .\tlantic  in  1S47, 
luiiiiini;  from  New  York  to  Southampton  and  Bremen  as  fireman  and  oiler,  hut  left  deep  water  for  a  short  time  to  wnrk  on  tlie 
llinlson  River  steamer  litnpiit'.  lie  was  next  third  assistant  enj^ineer  on  the  steamship  rtciit.'thnis,  the  lirsl  vessel  constructed  I)\ 
V.inilcrliilt  for  his  Nicaragua  line,  attaining  the  |>osition  of  first  assistant  011  this  steamer,  lie  also  made  a  triji  to  Liverpool  on  the 
iMhtMlti.  In  May.  iSsj,  he  was  transferred  to  the  steamship  ISiolhti  lonadhin,  .\\\i\  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  cm  her  as  first 
assist. lilt  with  llirain  Sanford,  all  of  the  crew  si^niiif;  a  contract  to  remain  with  the  vessel  for  a  year.  .\t  the  expiration  of  this 
liiiu  lloKcliooiii  was  appointed  chief,  lint  left  this  position  a  year  later  to  return  to  Phihidelphia,  wiiere  he  placcil  the  inacliinery  in 
tlu- 111^  /  'thtei :,-nlt'i\  wiiicli  he  accompanied  to  San  I'rancisco,  leaving;  her  to  join  the  steamer  Siir/rite,  and  from  the  latter  K"'nK 
t'l  till'  SV.i  /.'//(/,  in  the  San  l)iej;o  line.  .After  a  year  as  chief  on  this  vessel  he  joined  the  iiolitjh  as  first  assistant  with  .Martin  Hnljier, 
rmiiiitiK  on  the  lliimhiililt  route  for  six  months  and  then  went  to  the  tny  Mailin  H'hil, .  .\fler  this  he  was  chief  engine  r  on  the 
sU  iiiisliip  /!;,(/(,  until  the  Wrights  sold  out  to  the  California  Steam  Navii-alion  Company.  He  continued  ■villi  the  /';,  in,  as  first 
.issisi:int  niiiler  Klijah  Mott.  and  was  also  on  the  /hothit  Jiitiiitlutti  \\\  the  same  position,  Iicin^'  lransfe»'red  siihsenneiitlv  to  the 
sti  liners  l'hiy,i'fi,ili\  and  Siiuiloi.  In  18(15  'le  was  aj-aiii  chief  on  the  I'lUitii,  ruiiiiiii)^  to  S.iii  l)ie^;o,  hm  soon  retiirneil  to  the 
'  ';/ 1  ,,*/),'//,.  where  he  remained  for  seven  years,  except  at  intervals  while  he  was  on  the  .\, .'.  U','tl<f  and  )'o^ttiiitt  for  the  same 
c'Hiipan\ .  He  served  afterward  on  the  steamer  Siiltiiin  for  two  \ears,  and  then  left  the  water  to  accept  a  position  as  assistant 
engineer  at  llie  I'nited  States  Mint,  where  he  wurked  for  three  years,  and  linally  ran  for  two  years  as  chief  on  the  narrow-Halite 
ten  .  boats   reliriny  after  forty  years'  service  iinmarkeil  liy  an  accident  of  a  serious  nature. 

".\luii/i  Cox  was  horn  in  .Salem,  Mass.,  in  i^w.  and  served  his  aiipreuticesnip  in  the  shops  at  Portland,  Me.  coniin>; 
I'i'lic  Pacific  Coast  in  1S57  on  the  steamship  .S'ii«/ii  (';«c.  and  conlinuiii){  with  her  as  secoinl  engineer  for  einhlecn  months  after 
lit  I  iirriv.il.  He  then  went  to  China  as  assistant  en>»iueer  with  his  lirother  Ivlwin  Cox  on  ine  Siit/niw  and  remained  twelve 
111.. mils.  On  rcliirniiiH  from  the  1  Irient  he  joined  the  steamer  I'lniiilhj  of  the  Stockton  line.  ser\iny  as  first  assistant  for  .ilioiit  a 
V'  1:  iiid  then  followed  his  calling  on  the  .steamers  III, 'III,  1  Joiial/hiii,  I'l,  ilir  and  Siinilm  for  two  years,  snliseiiueiitly  Koiut;  as 
i'  :  on  ihc  thiziihii,  A'ti/''itiin,i  and  i'tiihz.  He  then  entered  the  service  of  the  .\laska  Commercial  Coiiipam,  remaining  with 
t!i  11  for  1  went V  two  years,  ten  of  which  were  spent  as  chief  of  the  stcanishiji  .S7.  /!»«/  ami  the  rest  of  the  lime  on  the  .  II,  \iiii,l<  1  \ 
I         niiliii,.  /y./i/d/c;  and  others.     .\t  ]ireseiit  he  is  chief  on  the  steamer  A  n^/V  . 

*''riii'sieauier  l\',-\ifliilt'  was  hnilt  in  PliiladelphiH  in  1S50  and  came  round  the  Horn  in  1S5.J.  Her  leii|.rth  was  ei^litN  -nine  feel, 
I'l  •  .1  sevenleeii  feet  six  inches,  depth  nine  feet  four  inches.  She  was  towing  and  joliliiii),'  at  San  Francisco  for  a  year  or  two  after  her 
iM  lit,  and  at  the  time  Mei>;i;s  hoU|;ht  hei  for  the  Sound  husiness  was  rniinin^  as  a  water  hoal  from  Sausalito  to  San  I'Vaiicisco, 
»■  lonallv  tiiwinjj  ships.  .SJie  was  hrouKlit  from  San  I'ranciseo  liy  Captain  Pray,  who  operaleil  her  for  a  short  time  after  her 
H  il.  I  le  was  siicceeiled  hy  Captain  < iiilndon.  The  A'ltolii/e  ^ave  (jood  service  iu  her  line  for  tell  years,  hut  was  totally  ilestroyed 
I'    >    loiler  explosiiMi  August  21,  i.Sbd. 


11 


m 


ir 


i-  ?j 


r 


7* 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  /Northwest 


master.  It  was  a  difficult  matter  to  retain  crews  on  any  vessel  while  the  mining  excitement  lasied,  and  many 
which  came  returned  with  a  goodly  portion  of  tlieir  men  missing.  The  revenue  cutter  /fj/  Ihtvis,  which  w  ,is 
stationed  on  the  Sound,  made  a  trip  to  Whatcom  in  July,  an<l  every  man  on  board  except  the  captain  de.sertid 
and  went  to  the  mines. 

Steam  navigation  on  the  Fraser  River  commenced  early  in  1858,  the  pioneer  steamers  lx;ing  the  Suifirhi.' 
\  goo»l-sized  sidewheeler,  which  arrived  in  command  of  Capt.  Thoniaii  Huntington,  .ind  the  Sru  /iirJ,  Captain 
Conner.  The  former  was  intended  to  run  through  from  Victoria  to  Hope,  but  was  of  too  deep  draft  and  unwieldy  Un 
the  river  trade.  She  arrived  in  June,  and,  as  she  was  the  first  steamer  that  afforded  the  gold-seekers  an  opportuiiiiy 
to  get  up  the  river,  she  carried  ininien.se  crowds.  On  the  initial  trip  the  pas.sengers  were  obliged  to  cut  wood  lor 
fuel  along  the  river  bank.  The  current  was  very  swift  above  Langley,  and  progress  was  necessarily  slow,  hiii 
with  a  good  deal  of  straining  and  puffing  the  Sw'^mr  managed  to  reach  Fort  Hope.  She  made  nearly  thirty 
trips  lietween  \'ictoria  and  the  Fraser,  carrying  from  500  to  6110  passengers  each  time,  and  earned  a  good-siztd 
fortune  for  her  owners  before  opposition  could  reach  the  scene.  The  Sia  liird,  a  sister  ship,  was  on  the  sanit 
route,  but  having  less  powerful  machinery  found  great  difficulty  in  getting  to  Hope.  By  a  mere  chance  slie 
arrived  at  that  point  in  June,  and  started  down  the  river,  grounding  a  few  miles  below  Hope  on  what  is  now- 
known  as  Sea  Bird  Bar,  on  which  she  remained  from  June  24th  until  Septemlier  2d,  losing  the  l)cst  part  of  tlic 

travel  to  tlie  mines.  After  the 
water  went  down  she  w.is 
raised,  ways  were  built  umUr 
her,  and  by  sliding  the  steadi- 
er across  the  bar,  nearly  two 
hundred  feet,  deep  water  was 
reached.  Bad  luck  still  jnir- 
suing  the  .S><(  liird.''  fne  days 
later,  while  <■«  nmlc  to  tlii' 
Fraser  from  Victoria,  the  ves- 
sel burned  to  the  water's  edj;c. 
River  steamers  better  adapted 
to  the  trade  having  made  their 
a]>pearance,  the  Si<>f>iisc  was 
.sent  to  .San  Francisco,  arrivinj; 
August  25tl'.  The  A/la  of  tlic 
26th  contained  the  followin); 
very  appropriate  notice  of  lier 
ex])loits ; 

"Tile  Siii/'Hii  H.is  tile  pi.. 
iieer  lioal  on  the  l"niser  River,  tin 
Hudson's  Hay  Company's  stejiTiicr 
()//rr  never  li.'iviuf;  aseemled  altnve 
I-un^ley.  She  first  woke  tlieeelicK- 
of  tile  ^raiid  nioiintain  ^^ctrj^es  in 
tlie  wild  retjion  of  I'ort  Mope  with 
the  shrill  sereani  of  the  steam 
whistle,  and  astonished  the  nativrs 
with  her  wondrons  powers  in 
hreaslinji  suecessfnlly  the  fieree  enrrent  of  the  now  world-renowned  Fraser.  That  wild  ami  niiearthly  yell  of  the  iniprisoiie-1 
steam  eseapin^  into  the  free  air  of  heaven,  and  speakinK  through  the  hra/en-throtlled  whistle,  innst  have  astonished  the  deni/eii- 
of  those  mountain  fastnesses,  and  startled  the  hravest  man  or  liea.st  that  inhaliiteil  that  lueality  into  the  helief  that  some  visitor 
not  of  earth  had  dropped  in  npon  their  solitude.  .Sounds  spread  alon^  the  nioiintain  ^or^es  and  were  echoed  fnnn  hilltop  In 
hilltop,  such  as  never  before  had  lieen  heard  sinre  ereation's  dawn.  What  wondrous  thouf-hts  these  sounds  must  have  iiispin  I 
in  the  minds  of  the  natives,  as  the  pioneer  'smoke  boat'  swept  up  tile  l€»"ely  stream  and  ])iislied  aside  the  mountain  torrent 
from  her  sharp  bows,  lenderin;?  it  for  the  first  time  powerless  against  the  handicrnft  of  iiiaii,  in  the  many  lon^;  a^;es  that  it  1m- 
rolled  on,  undisturbed,  from  lis  monntain  birthplace  (hiwn  to  the  deep  blue  sea.  Ohl  Simon  I'raser,  when  he  Moated  down  ll» 
stream  more  than  forty  long  years  a^o  in  his  Indian  dugout,  probably  never  entertaineil  the  thought  that  he  wnuM  live  i- 
see  the  day  w-lien  it  would  be  iiavigateil  by  steam  vessels." 

Following  the  Sioprisr  and  .SV<(  /linl  in  rapid  succession  came  the  sternwlieelers  I  iiuilil/a,''  Captain 
.-Vinsworth,  Afariti."  Captain  Lubbock."'  and  the  l-.nUrp)iu\  Capt.  Tom  Wright,  the  latter  having  been  sent  then 

"The  .S'«;/>/i.V(- was  about  the  same  iliineiisioiis  as  the  Snt  lliid  and  was  brought  fiiuii  New  York  in  1S52  bv  Capt.  VAy,,u 
Wakeman,  who  solemnly  averreil  that  «)ii  the  vova^je  out  he  sal  for  two  weeks  on  lop  of  the  siiuikestaek  wilh  his  feet  in  the  watei 
She  was  almnl  four  months  making  the  trip  ami  ran  for  a  few  years  on  the  southern  routes  alter  arriving  on  the  Coast.  She  ran  1 
short  time  out  of  ,San  I'raiuiseo  after  returniiig  from  the  Eraser,  and  was  finally  taken  to  China,  where  she  ended  her  ilays. 

"The  steamer  .S'cij  llixl,  iii  riiii/r  from  Victoria  for  I,angley.  .s^eptember  711-.,  in  comniand  of  Captain  Conner,  was  alioi  ' 
eighteen  miles  out  from  Victoria  when  a  fire  broke  out  ill  the  forehold  iie-ar  the  forward  end  of  the  boiler  and  gained  such  lieaih\  1 
that  it  was  iiii|K>ssible  to  control  it.  She  was  headed  for  shore  and  struck  on  the  rocks.  Mr.  I'rick,  mie  of  the  forty  passeiigc: 
aboard,  fell  and  was  severely  injured  in  lainliiig.  The  rest  e.seapeil  unhurt  with  the  loss  of  their  baggage,  which,  owing  to  the  rii|  :  ! 
progress  of  the  fire,  it  was  impossible  to  save.  The  vessel  came  in  un<ler  a  full  head  rif  steam,  anil,  as  the  eiigiiu-er  had  been  ^U\\^ 
from  his  post  before  sli*  struck,  the  wheels  contimied  to  revolve  for  half  all  hour  afterward.  The  steamer  biirneil  to  the  watei 
edge.      The  wreck  was  sold  for  f  1,400,  and  the  engines  were  recovered. 

"The  steamer  I'liiliiie.  the  first  sternwheeler  built  on  the  miildle  river,  was  constructed  by  Thompsini  S:  Coe,  for  the  up|'i  ■ 
Columbia,   at   I'ive   Mile  Creek   near  the  Cascades.     She  was  one  hundred  and  ten  feel  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  ami  lour  !( . 


Sit.AMKK    '    W  1I.SUS    I..    Hi  SI" 


Puget  Sound  Steamboats,  Golden  Days  uf  Fraser  Rivi-r  Naviyation 


73 


li\  ihe  Wrights,  who  owned  the  Surprise  and  Sea  liird.  The  Wilson  G.  Ifunl ''  also  came  up  from  San  Francisco 
ill  Ati^iist  and  ran  between  N'ictoria  and  yneensboro,  as  New  Westminster  was  then  called,  connecting  with  the 
?.li.iim.T  l-.nlirprise.  Travel  decreased  so  rapidly  that  the  Hunt  was  withdrawn  in  October  and  returned  to  San 
I'liiiiMsco.  The  I'miililla,  which  was  the  first  boat  to  reach  Yale,  made  her  initial  trip  to  that  point  July  21st,  in 
fniiiniand  of  Captain  Ainsworth,  with  Thomas  Gladwell.  pilot.  When  the  news  of  thf  need  of  lietter  steamboat 
fai  ilities  on  the  Fraser  River  reached  San  Francisco,  half  a  dozen  little  steamers  were  fitted  up  to  go  North.     The 


lh..l,..ti  .  ll..y  i.<.tii|>..i>v-.  I    .11 
ViCTUktA,    B.C..   AT  TlMK   OF   FM.ASKK    KlVKK    KxCITKMKNT 


siiiallcst  to  make  the  trip  was  the  Kaiit;ir,  a  steam  launch  about  forty  feet  long.  .She  was  taken  up  by  Captain 
Alliiii  and  in  September  was  operated  between  Victoria  and  tlie  Fraser  Kiver.  The  California  Steam  Navigation 
Ciimiiaiiy  started  the  steamer /,(//<'/;/ii  from   ,San  Franci.sco  in  tow  of  the  steamship  Simla  Cru~.  but  she  was  so 


^iv  jiiilics  Imlil,  Willi  14  X  4S  (.'ii^iiica.  On  the  ilay  of  litr  trial  trip,  with  nlioiit  forty  passeiiKera on  hoaril,  she  starttd  frmn  llif  upper 
Casiailes  with  a  very  low  pressure  of  steam  anil  could  not  nuike  heailway.  Kvet  effort  was  made  to  reach  the  hank  anain,  hut  liifore 
llif  linis  I'ouM  lie  made  fiLst  the  lioominK  current  chukIU  the  vessel  ami  swept  her  over  the  rapids.  She  weiil  down  stern  lirst  and 
iiiailf  the  jiassatje  hcautifuUy  until  she  reachcil  the  foot  of  the  Cascades.  Here  she  poiseil  on  a  rock  in  the  iniilille  of  the  river,  in 
railier  a  dangerous  position.  Capt.  \\.  W.  Itaii^linian,  who  was  running  a  small  schooner  helow  the  Casca<les,  sailed  up  and  rescuctl 
Mil-  iiassciiKcrs.  Only  one  life  was  lost,  that  of  an  excited  man  whojuinpeil  overlioard,  while  the  lioat  svas  niakiuK  the  perilous  run, 
.iii'l  disaiijieareil  in  the  swirling  waters.  As  the  ri\'er  was  rising  the  steamer  soon  floated  olTainl  was  pickeil  up  at  the  lower 
C.iscades,  where  she  was  hoti^ht  hy  Ainsworth,  Leonard  iV  Crecii,  who  rejiaired  the  hull,  named  her  the  Uniitilla  and  scut  her  to 
\  iilnria  in  ton  of  the  steamship  lolnmhia.  Ainsworth  went  over  and  hej;au  ruuniiiK  the  steamer  on  the  Fraser,  hut  liad  only  made 
uiu'  trip  when  she  wastradeil  for  the  steamer  Miiiij,  which  Capt.  William  I.uhliock  had  hrou^ht  up  from  .San  rrauciscoon  a  har^e,  on 
which  the  t  'ittiitilla  was  then  loaded  and  towed  to  San  h'raucisco.  She  has  the  distinction  of  liavin^  hcen  the  first  steruwheel  steamer 
cm  Uic  middle  Columhia,  the  tirst  steamer  to  ^o  over  the  Cascailes,  the  lirst  to  the  Sound  from  the  Columhia,  and  the  lir-t 
-lirnwiiecler  from  the  Sound  to  .Sail  Francisco. 

"The  Miiiiit,  which  was  traded  to  .Musworth,  Leonard  iV  C.rccn  for  the  I'malitla,  w.as  solil  liy  the  rortland  men  to  a  llritish 

pally,  who  ill  turn  exchanned  the  steamer  for  an  interest  in  the  AV/rn  .liiilinoii.     She  ran  for  aliont  four  years  on  the  I'raser. 

under  Capt.  Thohias  Cladwell,  who  afterward  lost  his  life  on  the  Xoiihtiiii),  and  then  John  T.  Wright  sent  her  to  the  Columhia  in 
ivi.(,  in  command  of  Ca|)t.  Rohert  Haley,  iutciiiliuK  to  put  her  on  the  Cascade  route  with  the  Spray  and  />•!//,  t  on  the  miildlc 
rut-r,  •i|>eiiiii};  an  iuilepeudetU  line  to  the  Oalles,  where  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  enjoying  a  iiKinopolv. 
>liiirtly  afterward  she  was  sei/eil  for  an  allej^ed  violation  of  the  law,  and  on  the  claim  that  she  hail  entered  at  .\stiiria  on  the 
nrlilicate  xiven  at  .San  Francisco  when  she  sailed  for  the  Sound,  Jud^e  I  )eady  declared  her  forfeited.  While  she  was  in  the  hands  of 
llic  marshal  she  sank  at  the  wharf  in  I'orlland,  and  in  that  coiulition  was  sold  to  Captain  Turnhnll  for  fs,.'!"'  He  dismantled 
ilii    steamer,  and,  after  rcmoviuj;  the  nnichiiiery,  sold  the  hull  to  James  Clinton  for  fiso. 

"Capt.  Henry  S.  Lulihock  was  horn  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  learned  the  trade  of  eUKineer  and  machinist  at  the  Mort;aii  lion 
Works  ill  New  Vork,  and  went  to  California  in  1.S51  to  construct  a  steamer  for  the  Sacramento  River.  This  \-essel  was  sent  out 
ill  ■.c'tioiis  and  I.ulihock  put  her  together  and  ran  on  her  as  eiiniiieer  for  two  years,  then  relumed  I^ast  to  hriuH  out  ,iiiotlier  steamer, 
uliich  started  ntider  sail  hut  put  into  Rio  de  Janeiro  ilisahhsl  and  was  sold  there.  Captain  I.nhhock  went  011  to  California  ami 
iM^a^el  as  enj^ineer  for  a  short  lime  on  the  steamer  Siifihi,\  at'terward  taking  command  and  hamlliii^  her  for  two  or  three  \ears. 
Alur  he  returned  from  his  Fraser  River  venture  he  went  to  Nevaila  as  snperiiilendent  of  a  water  company  at  I'ioche,  and  also 
citi;.i^eil  in  mining  for  a  few  vears,  K^iing  from  there  Ivist,  where  he  resided  until  1S6S,  when  he  ajiain  visited  ,Sau  F'rancisio  and  was 
■il'piiiiitcd,  hy  the  Harhor  Commissioners,  Su|ierinteMdenl  of  Kepaiis  on  the  water  fnml,  holding  that  position  until  I,SN7,  when 
ti»-  la'came  Ius|>ector  of  Steam  Vessels. 

'  The  steamer  H'ihoH  <i.  Hunt  was  huill  in  New  York  in  1.S49  for  the  excursion  trade  to  Conex*  Island,  hut  sliorlh-  after  her 
iMiiiplelion  was  sent  rounil  the  Horn  to  San  Francisco,  arrivinn  there  early  in  1S5C1.  She  was  immediately  placed  in  the  Sacra- 
iiuiilo  Kiver  Irade,  and  proceeded  to  make  a  fortune  for  her  owners,  clearing;  in  a  siuf»le  year  over  /i,oo<i.ooo.  After  running  there 
.1  imiiiher  of  years  she  went  Ic  \'ictoria  in  AuKust,  iSsS,  and  ran  for  a  short  lime  on  tlu-  New  WesUninster  route.  In  Oclolier  she 
w  1-  uillidrawn  ami  the  followiiiK  year  plied  cm  I'ugel  .Sound,  replacing  the  sleainer  Consliliilioii.  luirly  in  the  sixties  .ihe  was 
'i"UKht  hy  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Compaiiv  anil  taken  to  tiie  Columhia,  and  operated  on  the  Cascaile  route  in  command  of 
'  i|il.  John  Wolf.  She  continued  running  on  the  Columhia  until  i.S6y,  and  during  thai  lime  enjoyed  a  nourishing  liiisiness,  repeatediv 
t.i'iyiii^  from  J.so  to  .^iki  passengers,  io<>  head  of  stock  and  plenty  of  freight  on  a  single  trip.  .\s  her  career  extended  nearly  all 
Ihioiigh  tlic  jialmiest  days  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  it'xinit',  the  rales  ohtained  were  sufiiciently  high  to  make  her 
a    iry  prolitalile  hoat  iu  spile  of  the  heavy  expenses  of  operation.     In   1S69  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  concluded  to 


I  '{»' 


:i4v 


74 


Lewis  <J  Dryden's  Murine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


hadly  racked  that  she  was  unable  to  proceed  farther  north  than  the  Columbia  River.     The  Maria,  which  reachtd 
the  Fraser  in  l)etter  conditioii  than  any  of  the  other  river  steamers,  was  brought  up  from  .San  Francisco  by  the 
I.ubbiKk  brothers.     The  scheme  of  sending  so  frail  a  steamer  on  so  long  an  ocean  voyage  originated  with  Ca])!. 
William  M.  I.ubbock,  and  to  carry  out  his  plans  he  chartcre<l  the  barge  Sairameiilo,  which  he  loaded  to  five  feet 
draft  with  brick  and  coal.     He  then  hauled  the  barge  into  position  in  the  dock,  sunk  it  and  floated  the  Mann 
aboard,  afterward  lightening  the  barge  and  securing  the  tug   llinulcs  to  pump  it  out.     Two  masts  were  then 
stepped  through  the  l)ottoni  of  the  steamer  to  the  keelson  of  the 
barge,  and  the  combination  craft  was  schooner- rigged  as  a  .safeguard 
against  accident  to  the  tug  which  was  to  accompany  her.     The  start 
from  the  Hay  City  was  made  in  tow  of  the  Sacramento  Transporta- 
tion Company's  tug  Martin  W'liilf,  and  in  due  .sea.son  they  reached 
lvs(|nimalt,  the  only  delay  having  been  a  week's  lay-over  at  Port 
Orford  during  a  spell  of  bad  weather.     On  arrival  at  Ivsiiuimalt  the 
masts  were  removed,  the  boat  jacked  up  and  repaired,  and  when  all 
was  in  readiness  the  barge  was  sunk  and  the  steamer  floated. 

()u  I'uget  Sound  there  was  considerable  activity  in  marine 
circles  aside  from  the  business  produced  by  the  mines.  The  steamer 
Julia:''  at  that  time  the  largest  sternwlieeler  in  the  Northwest,  was 
built  at  Port  Hlakeley  by  D.  F.  Hradford,  George  R.  Barclay,  Abner 
Harker,  and  T.  W.  Lyle.  She  did  but  little  work  on  the  Sound  after 
her  completion,  and  in  October  was  sent  to  the  Columbia  to  run  on 
the  Cascade  route.  The  steamer  Rangir  No.  2''  reached  Seattle  in 
.Septemlier,  forty  days  from  >San  Francisco,  and  was  the  first  steamer 
in  the  jobbing  trade  on  the  Sound.  She  came  up  in  command  cf 
Capt.  John  Hill,  and  upon  her  arrival  dropped  the  "  No.  2"  from 
her  name.  In  August  the  steamship  Panama  brought  a  diminutive 
propeller  to  Steilacoom,  which  in  after  years  furnished  the  marine 
reporters  of  Victoria,  Seattle,  Astoria  and  Portland  with  more  items 
than  anv  craft  that  ever  turned  a  wheel  in  the  Northwest.     Her 

,  Cai'T.  a.   M.  SLMI'SUN 

name,  Leviathan,    was  a  nusnomer. 

A  little  sidewheeler  called  the  Neiv  Caledonia  appeared  at  Victoria  in  the  fall,  but  was  too  small  and  too 
slow  to  amount  to  much,  her  only  claim  to  distinction  being  that  .she  was  afterward  the  victim  of  two  lioiler 

extenil  llieir  steHiiiboatiiiK  ventures  to  tile  .Sound.  The  olil  steamer  was  sent  arounil  tu  run  in  opposition  to  Kincli  ami  tlie  \Vri>;lits. 
She  arrived  in  1S69  in  command  of  Capt.  \V.  I.  Waitt,  with  Josiah  Myricic,  purser;  I-'rank  Dod^e.  IreiKht  clerk  ;  Thomas  Smith,  chief 
enxineer  ;  James  ( lallej^her,  assistant ;  J.  .Smith,  mate  ;  and  J.  J.  Holland,  carpenter.  The  Hunt  had  heen  rebuilt  in  I'ortlai;  \  >n  1S65. 
and  was  in  goorl  condition,  Imt  the  company  could  not  do  mi"  h  with  her,  and  to  save  themselves  from  further  loss  sold  her  t...  I).  I!. 
Finch  ill  October.  1S69.  Kinch  and  the  \Vri>;lils  had,  in  the  ineantime,  built  the  fine  steamer  Olymfiia,  afterwaril  called  the  I'riiiKS' 
/.ifiiist',  and  when  the  coiiipetilion  eiidetl  the  Ilitttl  was  sent  to  San  Francisco  on  a  len-year  furloii}{li.  In  1.S77  Capt.  John  Irving 
bouKlil  her  at  a  sacrifice,  and  in  February  of  the  following  year  she  was  bronxht  up  by  Captain  Stoddard  and  placed  on  the  Ne« 
Westminster  route  in  April,  in  opposition  to  the  Hudson's  IJay  Company's  steamer  /\>iti>/>rise.  She  was  extensively  repaired  in 
iSyy,  and  in  iSHi  was  sold  to  J.  Spratt.  Her  captains  during  the  rate  w.ir  on  the  Fraser  were  Irvinj^,  Insley  and  Ktidlin.  Captain 
Sprait  put  her  on  the  east  coast  route  in  pl.aee  of  the  steamer  Mauili-  .After  running  here  a  short  time  she  a^aiii  passed  into  the 
hanils  of  IrviiiK.  who  had  now  consoliilated  his  with  other  interests,  under  the  name,  Canadian  Pacific  Navi){atiou  Cimipaiiy.  Hv 
this  time  her  days  were  numbere<l,  ami  in  1S90  she  was  broken  up  and  sold  for  olil  iron  to  Colin  S:  Co.  of  ,San  F'ranci.sco.  Tlie  hull 
was  burned  so(M1  after,  and  this  ended  the  career  of  one  of  the  most  iiotetl  vessels  which  ever  turned  a  wheel  in  Northwestern  water- . 
■She  was  about  450  tons  burden  and  had  an  old  style  ".steeple  engine"  thirty-six  by  one  hundred  and  eiKht  inches.  Her  dimension- 
were  :  length,  one  hundred  and  eighty-five  feet  six  inches ;  beam,  twenty-live  feet  tell  inches  ;  hold,  six  feet  nine  inches. 

'-The  steamer/H//i/  llairliiy  was  designeil  for  the  Fraser  River  trade  at  Teekalet  and  was  a  fine,  fast  boat,  one  hundred  and 
forty-five  feet  lon^,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  five  feet  seven  inches  hold,  en^'ines  16 x  72.  iMiiler  thirty  three  feel  limg.  wheel  tweiit\ 
feet  di.imeter.  Of  liei  owners  I.ylle.  Barclay  and  Marker  were  Californiaiis.  and  Bradford  was  a  well  known  Ore>;oii  steamlKiat  man. 
She  was  the  first  steamer  built  on  the  Sound,  and  there  was  a  great  celel)r.ition  at  her  launching,  soon  after  which  she  dropped  the 
latter  part  of  her  name.  She  never  reached  the  nmte  for  which  she  was  intended,  however,  but  instead  was  towed  round  to  I'.i 
Columbia  by  the  tug  Minlin  While,  arriving  at  Portland,  October  ,Sth,  and  going  on  the  C.iscaile  run  at  once  in  opposition  to  tli. 
Mountain  /link  She  was  soon  bought  off,  and  the  following  spring  was  taken  back  to  the  Souinl  by  Cflpt.  Tom  Mountain  and 
operated  011  the  Victoria  route  liv  Capt.  .Scranlon.  She  ran  there  a  few  months,  when  she  was  again  brought  to  the  Columbia,  tin- 
lime  becoming  the  proix-rty  of  the  ( Megoii  Steam  Navigation  Company,  who  ran  her  to  the  Cascailes  in  commanil  of  Capt  John 
Wolf.  She  enjoyed  an  immense  Irallic  during  ihe  Salmon  Kiver  mining  excitement  ill  1S62,  but  after  that  subsided  was  placcil  f"i 
a  while  on  the  lower  river,  coining  back  on  the  Cascade  route  again  in  |S6(  in  charge  of  Capt.  James  .Strang,  who  operateil  her  in 
opposition  to  the  /Rescue.  In  1S65  l\\e  /ii/in  diil  an  extensive  business,  in  July  making  thirteen  round  trips  to  the  Cascades  in  tW" 
weeks,  carrying  yio  head  of  horses,  25,1  cattle,  1,6011  sheep  aud  kk'  hogs.  In  |S65  Capt.  William  Smith,  who  had  been  mate  undci 
Captain  Wolf,  was  made  master,  and  she  then  ran  regularly  as  a  stock  boat,  finer  steamers  having  taken  her  place  ill  the  passenger 
trade.  She  continued  jobbing  round  until  the  early  seventies.  H.  .A.  Snow  and  John  Babbidge  were  her  last  cajitains.  In  December 
|S;2.  her  engines  were  removed,  and  the  following  spring  an  item  ajipeareil  in  llie  Seattle  papers  saying  that  the  Jiiliii,  at  one  tinn 
the  crack  steamer  of  the  Sound  and  the  Columbia,  was  in  use  as  a  pigsty  in  the  Ixmeyard  at  Portlanil. 

"The  steamer  Kaiigei  Xo.  j  was  a  small  sidewheeler,  which  had  been  running  on  the  Sacramento  River  fiir  many  year- 
She  was  built  in  .San  l'"raiicisco  in  iSs,^  and  was  owned  by  a  man  iiained  Jose  .\rtega.  She  was  seventy  seven  feet  long,  twelve  fee' 
three  inches  beam,  with  a  shallow  hold.  Captain  Hill  ha<l  a  rough  time  getting  her  to  the  Sound,  but  once  there  she  proved  a  verv 
handy  little  craft.  Hill  left  the  steamer  soon  after  bringing  her  up  and  was  succeeded  by  Captains  I'orbes,  Jackson  ami  others.  In 
I.Sbi  she  passed  into  the  hamls  of  Miles  Oalliher  of  Steilacoom.  ami  after  lying  on  the  beach  at  that  point  for  a  long  time  was  sol'! 
to  a  logger  named  John  .Swan,  who  placed  the  machinery  in  a  new  hull. 

''The  sleHiner  I.eviiillion,  which  the  ofVicial  records  state  was  constructed  at  Calcutta,  Beiiicia  and  Port  Townseiid,  wa- 
origiiially  built  in  China  as  a  sloop  for  the  opium  trade.  She  was  brought  to  San  I'rancisco  on  the  deck  of  a  steamer  and  at  Benici  ■ 
was  remodeled  ami  filled  with  a  propeller.     She  reached  Victoria  on  the  deck  of  the  steamship  Panama  in  July,  lSs8,  but  failed  ti' 


Paget  Sound  Steamboats,  Golden  Dap  of  Fraaer  River  Navigation 


75 


c  xplosioiis.  The  mining  boom  produced  a  great  demand  for  fuel,  and  all  of  the  San  Francisco  stenuiers  coaled  at 
N.mninio  or  Bellingham  Hay  for  the  round  trip.  Ten  dollars  and  twelve  dollars  per  ton  were  not  considered 
(.  xDrbitant  at  that  time,  probably  from  the  fact  that  most  of  the  steamships  were  obliged  tt>  turn  away  passengers 
III  San  Francisco,  with  fares  at  550  and  $25  each.  The  conditions  were  .somewhat  changed  in  the  fall,  but  the 
crowds  bound  South  were  nearly  as  great  as  tho.se  which  had  come  North  during  the  spring  and  summer,  and  the 
liitfs  remained  the  same. 

The  first  bar  tug  in  Oregon  arrived  this  year  in  the  service  of  .\.  M.  Simpson.  She  was  called  the  Ft-nr/iss, 
and  was  built  in  Calcutta,  coming  to  San  Francisco  as  a  full-rigged  brig.  Simpson  bought  the  ve.ssel,  and  after 
rtfitting  sent  her  to  Coos  Bay  in  command  of  Captain  Ironsides.  John  J.  Jackson,  who,  with  Joseph  Hnrgess,  had 
l)eeii  piloting  on  the  bar,  joined  the  tug  as  pilot,  and  the  casualties  which  had  Iteen  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the 
past  were  much  reduced  in  number.  The  Fcarlrss  was  about  80  feet  long,  24  feet  beam,  and  ij  feet  hold,  was 
l)iiilt  of  teak,  and  would  probably  have  lasted  many  years  had  she  not  been  wrecked. 

Business  on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  continued  to  increase,  and  .several  new  steamers  were  completed. 
Ill  ()clot)er  the  Colonel  Wright  was  launched  at  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Chutes  Kiver  and  the  following  year  made 
her  mark  in  history  as  the  first  steamer  which  ever  turned  a  wheel  on  the  upper  river.  Another  famous 
stiTiiwheeler,  the  Carrie  l.add. 
was  built  at  Oregon  City,  but 
(lid  not  commence  running 
until  the  following  spring. 
The  Cowlitz  route  had  sud- 
denly come  into  prominence 
owing  to  the  heavy  travel  to 
the  Sound,  and  the  steamer 
(■(1,(7/7.-,  "  which  Capt.  George 
I'casc  and  S.  Smith  constructed 
on  the  Tualitin  in  1857,  was 
sold  on  completion  to  Hunt- 
ington and  Holman,  who  at 
once  put  her  in  the  Cowlitz 
trade.  The  Express,  which 
Irving  was  running  to  Oregon 
City,  also  went  to  Monticello 
every  Thursday,  and  the 
liiiiependeiiee,"  a  small  steam  ferry,  was  making  three  trips  per  week  between  Portland  and  Monticello.  The  Helle 
also  went  there  occasionally.  In  Augu.st.  Cassidy  &  Co.  put  the  new  steamer  KelieJ,''  a  well  built  steriiwheeler,  luj 
feet  long  by  24  feet  beam,  on  the  Oregon  City  route,  in  opposition  to  X\\eje>iiiie  Clark:    The  steamer  iinlerprise,  which 


t 

1 

1 

T\  ^>          t,     |j^,UJUJb    •-■-'V'              I 

•V     '»■■ 

- 

mmn^msa^mmM 

^=iiirf^ 

ffl^^-#W   ^^^^Iglliliiilll^igilggl^igMgyjUjlgl^^ 

Stbamkk  ''Cahkii-:  Lapi>" 
Keystone  of  the  Oregon  Steam  NHvigation  Conipiitty. 


«iii  fiiiiu-  ill  llrUish  Coliiiiibia  until  :i  lalt-r  iliitf.  In  llii-  spring  of  1S59  site  was  sold  to  Irving  Stevens  anil  .Sam  Sweeny  of  .Astoria 
anil  tal<i'n  to  the  Coliiuihla,  arriving  at  .Astoria,  April  2^,  1S59.  Sweeny  ran  her  abont  the  hay  at  Astoria  for  a  while  anil  in  the  fall 
iiptraled  her  on  the  Portland  route,  niakiiix  the  first  trip  in  fourteen  hours'  hard  running.  She  was  not  successful  and  was  purchased 
liv  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt,  who  fixed  her  up  ibr  towitlK  and  ill  I.S62  chartered  her  to  Mossnian  S;  Co.,  to  carry  express  matter  to  the 
C.iscades  to  connect  with  Van  Ilerfjen's  steamer  for  The  Dalles.  Hoyt  finally  disposed  of  the  steamer,  and  in  due  course  of  lime  she 
anaiii  reached  Victoria,  where  she  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  t'lOvernnient  am!  was  used  as  a  yacht  by  tile  Koveruor.  With  a  chan);c 
of  "Ificials  the  vessel  was  ordereil  sold,  and  the  Colonist,  in  comnientiu>;  on  the  craft,  said  :  "  She  is  a  useless  and  expensive  relic  of 
all  I'lTete  and  luxurious  administration.  It  has  cost  more,  dollar  for  dollar,  to  run  the  animal  than  to  capture  a  school  of  leviathans.  " 
Sill'  was  sold  at  auction  November  iS,  i86g,  to  Kd^ar  iMarvin  for  |l,,^20,  and  in  1.S71  wa.'<  put  on  the  route  between  San  Juan  and 
\  icloria,  tnakiiiK  two  trips  a  week.     .She  continued  jobbing  around  for  a  long  time  afterward  and  finally  wore  herself  out  at  X'ictoria. 

"The  Cou'lil:,  a  very  small  steamer,  seventy-six  feet  long,  seventeen  feel  beam  and  three  feel  six  inches  hold,  ran  on  the 
Cowlitz,  route  from  the  lime  she  w.is  built  until  IH6(),  when  she  was  in  the  Lewis  River  trade  a  while  and  afterward  on  the  Oregon 
City  line.  Charles  Holman,  her  owner,  was  succeeded  in  command  b)'  OlilT  Olsen  and  he  in  turn  by  Thayer  and  Kern.  Jn  i.S().| 
^lic  was  chartered  for  a  short  lime  by  the  .Monticello  and  Cowlitz  Steamboat  Coinpauy  to  lake  the  place  of  the  A'twii/r,  then  running 
'.o  llie  Cascades.     In  186S  she  was  fitted  up  with  the  olil  Vancouver's  machinery,  but  never  ilid  much  business  ijlcr  that  dale. 

•The  fiKle/ie'iilence  was  built  for  a  terry-boat,  but  the  opnortnnities  for  any  craft  which  could  turn  a  wheel  were  mi  nmxl  at 
iliis  period,  that  she  was  placed  on  the  Cowlitz  nnite.  In  iS6ij  she  was  run  by  Captain  Ankeiiy  to  llie  Cascades  as  an  opposiiion 
t'Cit,  and  the  following  year  proved  very  profitable  carrying  stock  and  other  freight  fiir  the  Salmon  River  niiiies,  ccuiiiectiiig  with 
lln- •-leainer  IViisro.  Having  been  built  in  a  cheap  manner  .she  was  short-lived,  and  early  in  |S6|  the  machinery  was  removed,  ami 
till  riillowing  year  the  hull  was  burned  for  old  iron. 

■''The  A'('/;<7  was  built  at  Oregon  City  by  a  company  at  the  head  of  which  were  Captain  Cassidy  and  a  ferrvman  named 
'  •  l.'iiigliUu.  The  various  parttiers  in  the  steamer  could  not  agree  as  to  the  best  manner  of  operating  her.  O'l.oughlin  especially 
III  uig  suspicious  of  his  partners,  ami  keeping  a  close  watch  on  Purser  Sturdevant,  who  was  also  a  stockholder.  Captain  Cassidy 
1  in  llie  steamer  in  opposition  to  the  /('/m/V  (  lurk,  operated  by  Captain  Ainsworth,  and  the  fight  grew  so  warm  that  the  latter  i|iiietlv 
imrciiased  the  slock  held  by  O'l,oughlin  and  a  man  nanieil  Alhey  and  also  the  few  shares  held  by  the  purser,  efl'ectiiig  all  Ihe 
1 1. iiisfers  without  the  knowledge  of  the  captain.  When  everything  had  been  arranged,  Ainsworth  walked  over  to  the  A'c//c/  and 
tild  Cassidy  that  in  the  future  he  could  run  the  A'c//</' alternate  weeks  with  the  Jennie  Cliirk.  Cassidy,  in  profound  ignorance  of 
ilii-  situation,  informed  the  future  steamboat  king  that  he  would  run  the  A'elie/iw  whatever  manner  best  suited  him,  ami  that  he  did 
"lit  iei|iiire  pointers  from  an  opposition  company  as  to  how  he  should  manage  his  own  boat.  At  this  juncture  .Xini-wortli  explained 
till'  true  slate  of  affairs,  and  an  unconditional  surrender  followed.  Ainsworth  tied  the  boat  up,  and  the  following  year  she  was  sold 
I'l  Captain  Cochrai..  who  took  her  above  the  falls,  where  she  remained  the  greater  part  of  the  time  thereafter,  ending  her  days  in 
lliv  service  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company.  The  A'riie/  was  im  feel  long,  24  feet  Iwam,  ,?  feel  6  inches  hold,  willi  engines 
1  •  V  4S  inches. 


w'1  r ' 


7« 


Lewis  4  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


-a, 


HTKAMKK    "  Kl.l/A  ANIIhlimiN  ' 


Japiiesoii  had  sold  to  Tom  Wright,  was  .succeeded  by  the  Oiiwitrd,'  which  was  built  to  lieat  the  now  Si4ifin\f. 
Jamieson  kept  her  hut  a  short  time,  and  the  proprietors  who  succeeded  him  profited  largely  with  her.  Tlit 
Columbia  was  visited  by  two  of  the  lleet  of  small  steamers  racing  northward  to  reap  a  harvest  from  the  mining 
boom  on  the  Kraser.  The  first  was  the  JiaHf>ir No.  j.  which  had  wrestled  with  bad  weather  ftii  thirty-one  davs 
after  leaving  San  Francisco.  She  secured  supplies  and  again  started  northward,  getting  in  nine  days  more  l)ctwciii 
.\storia  and  Victoria.     The  other  visitor  was  the  l.alonia,  which,  in  tow  of  the  steamship  SanUt  Cm:,  was  1)ohiii1 

for  the  Fraser.  She  was  so  badly  racked 
that  she  <lid  not  continue  her  jouriHy 
and  never  accomplished  anything  <>ti 
the  Columbia,  be'.ng  used  as  a  wharr 
boat  at  the  Ca.scades.  finally  ending  lior 
days  as  a  stone  barge  in  the  hands  of 
Perry  &  Co.  The  advent  of  the  fim- 
new  stean)cr  Julia  on  the  Cascade  route 
in  the  fall  was  the  signal  for  a  spiriti'd 
rivalry,  in  which  the  Mountain  liink. 
Sfiiorila  and  Jli//f  took  an  active  part. 
The  keel  of  the  /:ii:a  .hiJeison 
was  laid  at  the  foot  of  what  is  now 
Couch  Street  in  Portland  in  1S57,  Iml 
it  was  about  eighteen  months  later  liefort 
she  was  ready  for  service.  .She  was  con- 
structed by  .SanuR'l  Farnam  for  tin 
Columbia  River  Steam  Navigation  Com 
pany,  the  principal  meml)ers  of  which 
were  Hoyt  and  Wells,  the  pioneer 
steamboat  men,  although  S.  G.  Reed, 
Kenjamin  Stark,  Richard  Williams  and 
J.  C.  (Iraham  were  also  interested.  Tins 
vessel,  which  was  the  largest  low-pressure  boat  in  Oregon  of  home  construction,  was  launched  Novointx;r  27,  1S5.S, 
and  made  a  trial  trip  January  2,  1.S.S9.  Soon  after  completion  she  was  .sold  to  John  T.  Wright  and  Uradford  Brothers 
and  taken  to  the  ,Sound  in  command  of  Capt.  J.  G.  Hustler.  On  her  arrival 
Captain  Fleming  took  charge,  and  the  steamer  Iwgan  a  career  of  money- 
making  which  has  never  been  e(|Ualed  by  so  slow  a  boat.  She  was  the  first 
vessel  inspected  in  the  Victoria  district  after  the  appointment  of  an  inspector, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  intervals  while  she  was  laid  up  for  minor 
repairs,  ran  contimiously  fv)r  ten  years,  enjoying  a  monopoly  most  of  the 
time.  Fare  from  Olympia  to  Victoria  was  $20,  and  $15  from  Seattle.  Freight 
on  cattle  was  5i5  per  head,  sheep  $2.50  ;  other  freight,  $,-,  and  $10  jier  ton. 
Al  these  rates,  with  brisk  travel,  the  old  steamer  piled  up  for  years  a  monthly 
profit  of  many  thousands  of  dollars.  The  first  .serious  opposition  came  from 
the  steamer  /uilerprisi\  which  was  placed  on  the  route  to  carry  the  mail 
under  the  contract  held  by  Parkin.son.  The  lintnpiise  was  commanded  by 
Captain  Jones,  and  I).  B.  Finch  was  his  purser.  She  made  it  interesting 
for  the  .Im/erson  for  a  short  period,  but  only  held  out  six  months,  and  was 
then  sold  to  the  Hud.son's  Bay  Company,  who  put  her  on  the  New  West- 
minster route.  For  three  years  the  Anderson  was  undisturbed,  and  rates 
were  maintained  with  a  vengeance.  An  attempt  at  opposition  was  made 
by  the  new  steamer  .  Uiwandria,  but  it  amounted  to  nothing,  aiul  it  was  two 
years  before  the  .  liid<  /son  again  had  company.  The  /osif  A/rXfar.  the 
next  victim,  came  from  the  Columbia  in  1866,  and  was  followed  a  year  later 
by  the  .\'c.-i'  World  and  in  i.S6y  by  the  Wilson  G.  Hunt,  all  of  which  cut 
rates  and  made  a  vigorous  fight  for  business  ;  but  they  were  not  invulner- 
able to  the  sinews  of  war  with  which  the  .hidcrson  had  supplied  her  owners 
(luring  the  long  period  of  monopoly  which  she  had  enjoyed,  and  were  either  bought  off,  sub.sidi/.ed,  or  taken  in 
In  1870  the  Andenon  was  relieved  by  the  new  steamer  Olympia,  but  continued  running  as  a  spare  boat  until  1S77 

'■'The  steamer  ()«.-<ij;'i/  wa.s  tile  successor  of  tile  Eiilii/>rist'  ill  the  Jumiesoti  Line.  She  was  hiiilt  at  Caiieiiiah  with  Hi 
proceeds  from  the  sale  of  the  linlei prise  to  Wri({ht,  and  was  intended  to  surprise  the  Surprise,  wliiili  luiil  preceded  her  a  fe" 
months.  She  was  ijj  feet  lonK,  36  feet  beam,  and  4  feet  liohl.  Jamieson  ran  her  until  1S60,  when  he  solil  her  to  Kanim,  Myrick 
SlraiiK,  and  Pease,  nnd  in  clinr|;e  of  the  latter  she  proved  a  money-maker  from  the  start,  payiiiK  |m,<«io  dividends  the  first  yeai 
I'ease  ran  her  until  about  i>S63,  when  she  went  into  the  hands  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  and  Capt.  t'ieor){e  Jeroiii 
took  command.     She  was  a  serviceable  boat  and  hod  very  good  pov  cr,  — 16  x  6u  inch  cylinders,  with  a  new  style  locomotive  Ixtilei 


C.*rT.  It.  II.  I-'i.Ncn 


Puget  Sound  Steamboats,  Golden  Days  of  Fraser  River  Navigation 


77 


IMiriiiK  the  Cassiar  mining  excitement  she  made  several  trips  to  the  North  in  command  of  Capt.  Dan  Morrison. 
I'roin  1H77  until  18H2  the  steamer  was  laid  up  and  almost  forKotten,  hut  in  May  of  the  latter  year  she  again 
.  I.iinicd  public  attention  by  sinking  at  the  Seattle  wharf.  She  wos  raised,  and  in  1SH3,  under  the  su|)ervision  of 
t.  .ipt.  Tom  Wrisht.  was  thoroughly  overhauled  and  placed  on  the  New  Wcstmiiisler  run  from  Seattle,  Wright, 
iiMstt-r,  H.  \V.  Holmes,  mate,  and  O.  ().  Denny,  engineer.  She  remained  here  a  short  time,  and  in  .\pril,  ixx.\. 
was  started  on  the  Victoria  route,  precipitating  a  lively  .steamboat  war.  The  Oregon  Railway  iS:  Navination 
c'oiiipnny  had  by  this  time  secured  control  of  the  bu.sine.ss  on  the  Scmnd,  and  was  running  the  fine  new  steamer 
tilymf>in>i  to  Victoria.  Wright  put  the  fare  down  to  51,  and  the  company  started  the  Gcorf-c  I-'..  S fun- adcr  the 
hi(/f>:um.  Ccorge  Rolieits,  her  nia.ster,  having  orders  to  follow  her  wherever  and  whenever  she  moved.  In  spite 
iilthe  force  against  him,  Wright  was  .succes.Hful  and  made  it  decidedly  warm  for  the  big  company  until  i.SSs,  when 
llii-  steamer  was  seized  by  Collector  Heecher  of  Port  Town.send  on  a  charge  of  carrying  contraband  Chinamen. 
Capl.  Tom  Wright,  as  was  afterwanl  proved,  was  innocent,  but  the  law's  delay  and  the  inevitable  losses 
.  iccasioned  by  this  unwarranted  proceeding  left  the  Oregon  Railway  it  Navigation  Company  in  full  jwssession  of 
ilu'  field.  In  iHXfy  the  steamer  passed  out  of  his  hands,  and  Capt.  J.  W.  Tarte  then  ran  her  a  while  to  X'ictoria. 
In  ()clol)er  she  was  bought  by  the  Wa.shiugton  Steamboat  Company,  who  worked  her  for  all  she  was  worth 
(hiring  the  next  few  years;  and  in  i.S.S.S  her  passengers  were  treated  to  a  genuine  race  between  the  venerable 
packet  and  the  still  more  venerable  tug  (io/in/i.  When  the  Washington  ,SteamlH)at  Company  .sold  out  to  the 
I'liKct  Sound  iS:  Alaska  Steamship  Company,  the  Andcrsoii  was  sent  up  to  the  Snohomish  River,  where  she  is  now 
Iviiig  and  where  she  will  probably  end  her  days.  During 
her  long  career  on  the  Sound  .she  has  lieen  commanded  by 
Ca|)lains  l-'leniing,  Thomas  Wright,  D.  H.  Finch,  J.  l-'inch. 
Clancy,  Mcintosh,  Morrison,  Tarte,  Holmes,  Waitt,  Wal- 
lace. Jackson,  and  a  host  of  others.  The  .Indrrwn  was  a 
sidewheeler,  with  a  vertical-lieam  engine,  2(1  x  72  inches. 
She  was  140  feet  long,  24  feet  (1  inches  beam,  8  feet  10 
inches  hold,  ^79  tons  register. 

The  new  Northwest  had  not  yet  reached  a  |M)iiit 
where  the  advent  of  .steam  affected  the  business  of  the 
sailing  vessels,  and  the  latter  increa.sed  wonderfully  all  over 
the  coast.  On  I'uget  Sound  especially  was  this  noticeable, 
the  lumber  business  assuming  great  proportions.  During 
the  year  there  were  loaded  at  Teekalet  (  Port  (lanible),  for 
laigland,  the  ships  /ii's/,»iiaii.  Captain  liurnham,  and  the 
W'litoiislii.  Captain  Henderson;  for  Melbourne,  the  k'il 
(iirsoii.  Captain  Dillingham;  for  China,  the  bark  Toiniil, 
Captain  (lOve ;  for  Sydney,  the  bark  I'louiiiiii;  /Icniilv, 
.iinl  the  .ship  (irori;c  fiavirs,  Captain  Hatclielder.  The  latter 
vessel  took  Soo.ckx)  feet  of  lumber,  the  largest  cargo  yet 
sliipiK'd  from  the  Pacific  Coast.  The  tleet  engaged  in  this 
tiade  (luring  the  year  comprised  the  barks  Hivnlis  and  ll\iiik 
at  Seabeck.  the  Sloiiii  llini  at  .Steilacoom,  the  Mtuioinut  at 
Port  Madison,  lilla  Francis.  J'liindshif),  Goldliitiilit,  /,n>i\  l\>r,t.  /'ihinss  A'oyn/,  aii<l  others.  The  Hudson's  Hay 
vessels  that  yearly  arrived  from  London  moved  over  to  the  Sound  when  their  freight  was  discharged  and  filled  up 
with  lumber,  instead  of  returning  as  heretofore  lightly  la<len  with  furs  and  a  few  limbers.  Halch  iV  Webber  continued 
tluirilispalch  line  of  clipiwrs  U-tween  San  Francisco  and  .Sound  ports.  Vessels  sailing  iii  their  service  were  the  brigs 
Cviiis.  C\il«f>s.  /('.  /'.  AV(V,  and  the  bark  0>k.  The  schooner  '/'outtiida.  Captain  Keller,  '  was  also  in  the  coasting 
trade  between  San  Francisco  and  I'uget  Sound.  The  capacity  per  day  of  the  various  mills  furnishing  business  to 
the  lumber  fleet  on  I'uget  Sound  in  is^.S  was  as  follows:  .\datns,  Ulinn  iN:  Co.,  Seabeck,  15,00..  feet;  Adams, 
lUinn    iS:    Co.,  .Seattle,    lo.oix);     Halch    iS:  Webber,    Steilacoom,    i.s.odo;     Halch   iS:  Webber.   ()lynii)ia,    i.s.wm.; 


».A1-1      Al.lU  Ml     W       Ki;M  KH 


"(."apl.  .Mlirrl  W,  Kelli-r  was  liiirn  in  Rncklanil,  Me.,  hi  iS^4,  and  lonitnenieil  liis  ni  irine  lancr  runnint;  lo  llu-  West 
lii'liis.  III.  arrived  on  lliu  I'ac-ifu- Coast  in  1S5;,  as  sailor  on  tlic  sclionner  /..  /'.  /■\h/it.  wliiili  rearlieil  I'orl  ('.aiiii>le  llial  \ear. 
t  I'lni  llic  Sound  In-  wi-nl  to  San  I'rancisi-o.  ami  worked  on  tlie  I'anatn.i  roiile  as  c|u;irtiTni:isltr  on  tlie  /o/i)i  I..  Slfrnn.  lie  left  her 
iliir  uhikin;!  a  few  trips  and  rctnrncd  East,  i-oniinK  ont  a^ain  in  iSs.S  as  master  of  tin- well  known  sdiooner  'f'urriuiilii.  wliiili  lie 
Milid  on  the  Coast  fm  two  years.  He  ne.\t  handled  tile  liarkentine 'r(i«(//V«/;Vi</ in  tin-  Sandwich  Isl.ind  trade  for  a  vear,  leaving 
III  r  lo  take  charge  of  the  l.riK  Mariha  U'iii//iiin-/<in.  He  next  coniniainled  the  bark  l'.ilm,ll,i  and  the  v.iuTahle  liark  i:olJ  lliiiit,i . 
vvliuh  is  still  allo,it  in  Australia  after  at  least  fifty  ye.irs  of  nsefnlness.  Later  lie  took  the  hark  /»«/,■>. >//  for  a  vear  and  the  liark 
\,nioii  for  two  vears.  He  then  took  ciniimand  of  the  ship  l-.li-ahvlh  Kimhall.  snilinn  her  tin  seven  years,  until  she  was 
«,ilfrlci^;,'i.i|  and  lost  on  an  island  in  the  Sontli  Pacitic,  where  Captain  Keller,  his  wile  who  ,ici'otiipanied  him,  and  ilieir  conipanioiis 
ni  iMislorliiiie,  lived  for  three  months.  Dnrin^  this  time  tliev  Iniilt  a  ly  ton  schooner  from  the  wreckaKe  and  liimlieron  the  Kimhall, 
I'l'l  ..ailed  for  Tahiti,  where  they  sold  the  craft  for  jt(.si>.  Captain  and  .Mrs.  Keller  ami  six  of  the  crew  then  took  passage  for  San 
tiaiidsco.thc  Cajitaiii  piloting  the  vessel  into  the  harlMir,  much  lotlie  surprise  of  his  friends,  «lio  had  supposed  him  dead.  The  ship 
l<  "ivill  S/ii;mii,-  was  his  next  command,  ami  after  aailinj;  her  two  and  a  half  vears  he  took  the  k'lm;  I'hillif.  lieiiiK  in  charge  at 
I  11  time  she  was  lost  near  the  Cliff  House  while  outward  hoiiinl  from  San  l'"raiici'sco.  Diirinn  the  next  three  vears  he  was  captain  of 
llif  harks  /•),(«(>,  /Ciiifnilil  and  .  hkiriighl,  and  was  then  on  the  /i;»),v  Clii-ih»i  four  vears,  hark  t'i<:,-/i/z  two  vears,  ship  /lniKtimi 
tuci  years,  and  the  ship  Ciioml.lrl.     Decemher  1,  1S91,  lie  took  the  liark  I'aliinni,  of  rtliich  he  is  still  master.  ' 


i?s; 


:M' 


78 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Chaintxrrs'  Mill,  Slcilacoom,  s.noo ;  d.  A.  Meiggs,  I'ort  MadiHon,  15,000;  North  Bay  Mill.  ,s.ooo;  I'n^ct  Smiii.! 
Mill  Company,  I'ort  (faiiiMe,  4o,i>o<>;  W.  T.  Saywiird,  I'ort  I.tullnw,  i.s.ono;  I'liyallup  Mill,  I'uyalliip  Hay,  .s.ihk,; 
Kenton  &  Howard,   I'ort  Orchard,   i<i,oim);   Skcwkiiin  Chuck  Mill,  ,s,<xx, ;   South  Bay  Mill,  4,(kx)  ;  Tumwnttr 

Mills,  io,o<xi ;    KhodeN  &  PcalKxIy,  Whatcom,  .5,oix), 
*\^  Trading  out  of  Victoria  to  the  American  side  and  along  the  const  of  the  island 

O  was  a  regular  swarm  of  small  sailing  craft,     .\mong  them  were  the  following  will 

*•••  Jl  known  schooners  :  the  I'ruiikliii,  Captain  Smith  ;   Wild  Pif;eon,  Jones;'"  .S/zwr,  HaihiT; 

^     ^f  Mary  .\>iH,  Tucker:  liio,  I.anghton  :  /Innirt,  Coflin  ;  Monthig  Sla>\  McKay;  //.  (", 

^^^^  /'<».(,''',   t)tK"g  ;    Nanaimo   I'lukrl,"'  Walker.     Shrrmaii     .Smith;    /ose/>liiiii\    Hewill  ; 

^^^^P^^^^^        Caroline,'    I.ampley  &  Jones;   //<•/(•«  AAir/d,  Mclvwen  ;  /'//i,'""'.  Hdgnr ;   C.  S.  Kiiliier. 
^^^V->>j|^^^^^^      Rixlmry  ;  /('.(»>',  Mathieson  ;  /sin  mf  {/turn,  }ones;    .liinlia,  Thornton;    /ulif>ii\  ll,tr- 
j^^^^  J^^^^^Bf      rington  ;     /■'aiiiitlrroy.    Allen  ;    A.  /'.  J'osler,  Moore  ;    Maty  /'>uiiii,  Stevens.     .Several 
^^^^^^^HH^         of  these  vessels  made  occasional  trips  to  San  Francisco,  and  even  to  Honolulu,  hitt 
^^1^^^^^^  most  of  thcnt  were  local  traders. 

c*iT.  cii».i.K»  H.  J..NKI.  ^  postal  route  was  established  on  Shoalwater  Hay  in  185H,  and  Capt.  James 

H.  Whitcomb"'  carried  the  mail  and  passengers  iK'tween  Cystervillc  and  Willapa  with  a  line  of  .sloops. 

It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  in  spite  of  the  many  thousands  of  ])eop1e  carried  on  overcrowded  steamers 
and  .sailing  vessels  in  iH.sS,  not  a  single  life  was  lost  except  in  an  accident  to  a 
cranky  sailboat  on  the  Friiser.  The  small  plunger  .  tliatra:.  in  charge  of  Capt. 
H.  Taylor,  started  up  that  river  June  21st  with  thirty-two  passengers  who  li.id  ju.st 
arrived  from  San  Francisco  on  the  steamship  Cortc-.  One  of  the  number  lost  a 
rocker  overboard  and  asked  the  captain  to  jibe  and  enable  liim  to  recover  it.  The 
captain  started  to  comply  with  his  request  despite  the  reuion.strances  of  the  others, 
and  in  coming  round  the  overloaded  Ixiat  was  caught  in  a  tide  rip  and  capsized, 
drowning  James  McCJuart.  Messrs.  Giron,  Vachon,  Ferre,  Barrages,  Fe.ssier,  Galliard, 
Moi.sean,  wife  and  child,  and  two  others. 

The  ship  Lucas,  which  was  among  the  sailing  vessels  in  the  passenger  trade, 
left  Victoria,  Octol)er  24th,  with  175  disappointed  gold-hunters  .iboard,  and  when 
off  the  Faralloncs.  November  intb,  encountered  heavy  weather  and  was  wrecked. 
All  hands  were  rescued  by  the  United  States  .steamer  Active,  Captain  Alden.  and 
were  taken  to  San  Francisco.  The  vessel  and  cargo  were  a  total  loss.  The  ship 
/eiiohia."  which  had  l)een  sailing  between  Alaska  and  San  Francisco  in  the  service 
of  the  Ru.ssian- American  Ice  Company  for  several  years,  was  lost  off  Point  Bonita 
in  April,  while  attempting  to  sail  in  without  a  pilot.  She  was  in  command  of 
Captain  Tilden,  was  deeply  loaded  with  ice  and  struck  a  rock  with  such  force  that  she  l>ecame  a  complete  wreck. 


CaI'I'AIN    KlltliLK 
Hnmrr  Kivcr  IMIol,  iSV* 


•"CKpl.  '.'liarles  II.  Jones  of  tlit  It'ilJ  ligion  is  now  livinK  »*  •'<"■'  Townsi-nil.  wliert  lie  is  liarlxirinaster  mi.l  cliairniaii  of  Ww 
I'ligel  Sound  I'oanl  of  I'ilot  Commissioners.  lie  is  a  native  of  Maine,  horn  in  Kastport  in  rS.VS,  "'"l  followed  the  sea  for  seviMl 
years  licfore  KoiuK  to  I'n){et  Sound  on  the  revenue  eullvrjcff  />ii;is.  .\fter  leaving  the  eutter  he  spent  several  years  oi«ratinn 
iradini;  vessels  on  the  Sound,  among  the  hest  known  of  them  beiiiK  the  sloop  .)/,iiv  lilliit.  the  selioouer  Wild  l'it;ium,  and  the  sldop 
Mitlnighl  Cry.     He  also  ran  pilot  for  the  I'acific  Mail  steamers  for  a  slioil  Inne. 

"'  The  schooner  Xtnttiiiiio  l\ukef,  which  w:i3  sailing  this  )ear  under  the  British  Haji,  Wits  one  of  the  pioneer  .\tnericau  vessels 
<ni  I'UHCt  -Sonnil,  haviuK  been  Imilt  in  1S54  and  nameil  the  /.  /.  S/cvcik.  I'indiiiK  trade  more  profitable  across  the  line,  she  went 
over  and  ran  under  her  new  name  until  1871,  when  she  was  wrecked  at  Cypress  Island.  She  was  then  pnrchaseil  by  Port  Townseiul 
parlies,  repaireil  ami  a^aiii  sailed  with  American  colors,  this  lime  as  the  Mellie  Miirliii.  During  her  career  as  a  ilritish  ves,sel  she 
spent  many  years  trading  alonjj  the  north  coast  and  met  with  some  very  racy  experiences.  .She  was  conimandeil  at  various  limes  by 
Allen,  Cofliii,  Walker,  and  others. 

"The  schooner  Carolitic  was  one  of  the  vessels  with  which  the  lutteil  Jiiiimy  Jones  lie^aii  his  career.  She  was  a  remarkably 
fast  sailer,  and  in  1.SJ9  made  a  round  trip,  Victoria  to  Port  Towiisend,  Steilacooin,  .\is<|nally  an<l  Olyinpia  in  less  than  four  ilay- 
Jones  continued  ruiiniiiK  lier  until  he  secnreil  llie  celebrated  steamer /(•««i'y«/;c.«,  when  she  was  sold  to  a  Victoria  firm  and  contiiiiiiil 
in  the  local  traile. 

"'Capl.  James  II.  Whitcomb,  the  father  of  more  steambiiatmen  than  any  other  mall  in  the  Northwest,  was  born  ill  Vermoiil  in 
1S24.  and  crossed  the  plains  in  1S47  in  company  willi  his  cousin,  I,ot  Whilcomb,  wilh  whom  he  worked  at  Milwaukie  KettiuK  oni 
the  liiniber  for  the  pioneer  steamer.  Ilis  first  sleamhoatiiiK  was  on  the  /'iiihioH,  where  he  ran  as  male  with  <'., plain  Van  llergen  in 
i.S,sb.  In  I\S7  he  went  to  Shoalwater  Hay,  and  the  following  year  carried  the  mail  from  Willapa  to  *\.sierville  in  a  small  sloiip. 
lie  conlinued  in  this  trade  for  Bboiil  twelve  years,  transi>ortiiiK  mail,  passeuyers  and  frei^hl  fp-.n  all  points  on  the  bay  with  Uic 
famous  sloops  ifincnn  and  I'd.  On  KO>"K  l"  Shoalwater  Hay  in  1857  he  took  up  the  first  claim  filed  on  in  thai  section.  This 
includeil  the  present  townsile  of  Willa]m  City.  He  occasionally  retired  from  the  water  ami  lived  on  his  ranch,  but  with  the  advem 
of  the  steamer  .Soulli  llcnJ  on  the  bay  he  took  comnian<l,  rnnninK  her  for  a  year  ami  a  half,  afterward  K"''"K  '"  ""'  steamer 
Mi'iitoMiio,  which  carrieil  the  mail  from  Willapa  to  Sealaml.  lie  snhseipieiitly  ran  the  steamer  Tom  .Munis  on  the  same  route  fm 
two  years,  ami  was  on  the  steamer  Chcfialis  for  a  short  time.  From  tliere  he  went  to  llray's  Harbor,  where  he  ran  the  steanur 
(n'lvnior  NchyII  ill  the  postal  .service  lietween  Montesauo  and  Peterson's  Point.  His  last  sleainbo.itinK  was  on  the  Moiinlain  /liiii . 
towiuK  oil  .Shoalwater  Bay.  After  leavini;  the  .Mminlttiii  Hiick  he  retired  from  the  water,  and  is  now  living  at  the  lnmie  In 
established  nearly  forty  years  ago  at  Willapa  City.  With  his  sous.  Captains  Wes,  William,  CeorKe,  James  and  I'red  (the  latli ; 
recently  ileceasedl.  Captain  Whitcomb  formed  a  family  KfO'ip  of  sleaiiiboatmen  not  eipialeil  in  numlier  or  ability  anywhere  in  tin 
Northwest. 

"Capt.  II.  n.  I.ovejoy,  mate  of  the  /.eiioHii,  was  for  many  years  a  well  known  pilot  cm  Pu^et  Sound.  He  was  born  ill  Maim- 
in  l^ws,  spent  the  early  part  of  his  life  after  leaviiiK  home  in  the  Navy,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1.S49.  After  a  short  stay  ii' 
the  mines  he  began  sailing  out  of  Sau  Francisco  to  southern  polls.  He  was  for  several  years  master  of  the  bark  Chalcalofiy.  ■ 
famous  northern  trailer  in  her  day,  and  in  iSs.S  was  in  the  service  of  the  Russian  American  Trading  Cimipany,  running  lictwee;: 
San  Francisco  ami  Alaska  on  the  ship  Xennbia.  He  continued  in  this  service  until  the  vessel  was  wrecked  near  Sau  F'raiicisco,  wliei 
he  went  lo  I'liget  Sound  and  coinmenced  piloting  and  sleamboating.     He  dici)  at  Coupeville,  July  6,  I.S71. 


Pugvt  Siwnd  Sti'i^mboatu,  Golilcn  D.iya  of  Fimit  RIvit  NnvKjatinn 


19 


The  pioneer  .steaiiier  TiawUr  came  to  d  Hiulden  end  in  185H,  carry iiiK  five  |)cri<oiiH  to  n  watery  KCiivi'-  SIk- 
I  11  I'ort  TowiiHend,  Marcli  vl  'or  Port  OaiiihU'  in  coninianil  of  Ciipt.  Thomas  Slater,  with  six  while  men  and  two 
liiili.nis  iiM  board.  The  wind  was  Mowing  hard  from  the  sonth.  and  tlic  steamer  anchored  ahont  six  hnndred  y.inls 
(ill  I'linhvcather  HUiff  to  await  better  weatliei.     As  tliere  were  no  si^ns  of  the  storm  ahatitiK.  every  one  tnnicd  in 

, I  after  <lark.     Ahont  ioiiki  i-.  m.  the  engineer  was  awakened  hy  a  heavy  roll  of  the  vessel.      He  rnshed  on  deck, 

liiril  the  |)nm|)s.  and  fonnd  that  she  was  making  water  very  fast.  All  hands  were  called  and  Ijegan  hailing  for 
lili  lint  she  settled  so  rapidly  that  their  efforts  were  nseless.  The  engineer,  Mr.  Warren,  and  the  Indians,  swam 
iislmre,  hut  the  tithers  remaine<l  with  the  steamer,  which  a  few  moments  later  sank  with  all  on  hoard.  Those 
IdMiiK  their  lives  were  :  Thomas  Slater,  captain;  Trnman  II.  Fuller,  pnrser  ;  a  deckhand  and  a  fireman  ;  Mr. 
Sliveiis.  a  passenger.  .\n 
;illiinpt  was  made  soon  after- 
w.ird  In  raise  the  wreck,  hut 
il  luoke  away  and  sank  in 
liiiper  water.  The  body  of 
Slater  was  found  on  the  bot- 
imn  near  the  vessel,  which 
at  low  tide  was  only  partly 
>nl)inergc(l.  At  the  time  of 
the  disaster  the  '/'luiiltr  was 
cairying  the  mail  under 
charier  to  the  Ciovernment 
h\  William  N.  Ilorton  of 
Olyinpia.  She  had  been  re- 
cently overhauled  and  was 
llKHiglil  to  be  in  good  con- 
(liliiin.  Capl.  Thomas  Slater, 
will)  went  down  with  the 
steamer,  was  the  first  man 
to  establish  regular  column- 
iiicalion  on  the  Sound  with 
sailing  vessels,  and  as  far 
hack  IS  1S52  he  was  ruiiiiing 
llie  sloop  .S'iMi///  Slonc  on  the 
mail  routes  there.  Truman 
II.  Fuller  was  the  pioneer 
piiiser  of  I'uget  Sound,  hav- 

iuj;  been  engaged  on   the   Mtijor  loiiifthins  when  she  was  wrecked  three  years  prior  to  the  loss  of  the  '/'ro:,/,). 
He  afterward  held   the  same  ])osilioii  on  the  steamer  Consliliilio)!. 

( )llier  marine  disasters  in  i.SsH.  beside  the  wreck  of  the  steamer  Sea  /linl.  were  the  loss  of  the  sclioiiiier 
I'hiitiloiii,  Captain  Harris,  off  Point  Ringold,  March  12th,  the  schooner  /c/;;/  Slnrtu,  Captain  Hamilton,  which 
sprung  a  leak  in  the  straits  and  was  run  ashore  at  Dangeness.  Decemlier  4th.  to  save  the  lives  of  those  aboard,  and 
tile  schooner  .  /.  )'.  '/'rii.U\  which  was  wrecked  on  Protection  Island.  N'o  lives  were  sacrificed  in  the  last-mentione'l 
disasters.  The  schooner  l-'.iiiilv  /\iikiini."'  from  Shoalwater  May.  and  the  brig  I'yni.^"'  from  Steilacooni.  were  also 
lost  during  that  year. 


•,i.-i'-'~-W^ 


vai.k,  n.  c. 

The  I-tfiHiT  Uiver  Mrtro|i»»UH  <liiriiiK  the  boom  of  1H5S 


'The  sdiooiier  Kiiiilr  I'aikitii/,  leaving  SlicialwattT  Itay  for  Sail   I'raiicisro  with  a  <-arni)  iil   i.fiK)  ha^kels  of  nyslers,  was 
IiIdwii  ashore  iliiriiig  n  su'lileii  sloriii  I'chriiary  21st,  brcomiiiK  a  total  loss.     The  irew  were  all  savi-il 

•  ""The  liriK  ('i)-«v,  Captain  Mitiliell,  saileil  from  Steilacooni,  1  tfieniliiT  1  itli,  laileii  willi  Ininlicr  for  San  I'raiu-isio  She  ),'ot 
awit\  from  Port  Townsend  on  the  fifteenth  hut  was  six  days  heating  out  of  the  Sir,'iits,  ami  a*,  soon  as  she  hail  ele,'ireii  them  r.iii  iiiio  a 
luMvy  >;ale  wliich  renilereil  it  necessary  to  heave  to.  .\  trcnieinlons  sea  was  rnnniiiK.  and  the  car^o  sliified  in  the  lioM  and  on  deck. 
1  au>iii(;  her  to  leak  so  ludly  that  it  was  iiiipossihle  to  keep  her  free,  so  they  ran  for  San  Jnaii  harlior.  The  next  day  lluy  wen- 
iiiiiilile  lu  ){et  out,  and  on  the  twenty -third  a  siinall  struck  the  vessel,  ,ind,  licr  chain  liarlinn,  she  drifted  ashore  at  the  liead  of  I'orl 
.San  juan  and  hecainc  a  total  loss. 


'•■  i!  r'*t' 


mv  I 


I 


CHAI'TMR    V. 

|S.S<),   IWhi,   iHdl. 

FlKST    SrKAMIloAT    UN     I'lM'KK    Col.r.MlllA  -  STKAMKRS    "  GoVKKNok     Doldl.AS "     ASI)      '  Cc  il.KSKI.    MiidhV    ' 
Hlll.T    AT    VlCTOKlA       AkKIVAI.    <»I     STKASISHir      '  LAIIDICIIKKI:  "       TlIK    KiKST    I.KillTllurSK    Tl'NKKK 

Stkamkr    "Cakkik    I.aiid"    -Stkamsiiii'    "John    T.    Whiciit"  atn.T    at    I'okt    I,i  hi.ow      Tiik: 

I'NION   TkANSPOKTATION    CuMPANV— TiIK     "UnTKKPKISK,"    Till-    FlKST    StMAMKK    on    Tin;    ClIKllAI.IS 

RivKR  — San   Ji'An    Trouiilk— Pi'c.kt    Soind    Limhkk    Fi.kkt  —  Hoii.kk    Hxim.osion  on   Sthamhk 

"CAI.HI'ONIA  "   —  SCIIOONKHS     "  Hl.lK    WiNd  "     AND     "  K1.I.KN     MAKIK"     DKSTROYKH     MV     THK     iNlllANS 

and  Crkws  Mtrdkrhii-Drkoon  Stkam  Navigation  Comi'Any— A  Cattmm-owkr  IIoat  on  tmh 
Wii.i.A.MKTTK— Stkamkr  "  Ihaho"— Victoria  Stkamkrs  "  Hknriktta,  "  "  Hopk,"  am>  "  Fi.yimi 
DiTciiMAN  "  —  I.oss  oi'  Stkamsiiip  "  Nortiikrnkr  " — Wrkck  ok  thk  "John  Marsiiai.i." 
"Consort,"  "  Fi.okkncia,"  and  "  Nankttk  " -Siokwhkki.hr  "  I'Intkrprisk  "  on  tiik  Soi'nd  a^ 
oi'posiTioN  HoA  ■.•—First  1'ropki.i.krs  Urii.T  in  tiik  Victoria  District —Hon, kr  Fxpi.osions  "n 
riiK  •'Cariiioo"  ani>  "Fort  Vai.k"— Stkamkrs  "Tknino"  ani>  "Okanooan  "—Captain  T.wihk 
llRiNi.s  TMK  "St.  Ci.aik"  Ovkr  ()rk(.on  Citv  Fall.s  -  Loss  ok  Sciioonhr   "  Woompkckir  "   -Hkk; 

"PKRSKVKRK    '    FolNMKRS    OKI'    Fl,.\TTKRV- -  lM)rRTKKN    I.IVKS    I.OST   ON    TIIK    Fk.VSKK. 

I  if;  M.\RI\f;  business  of  18.S9  was  in  a  large  incastire  acoiitiiiiiation  of  llu-  liooin  nf  is^s. 

and,  while  the  steamers  on  the  ocean  lilies  did  not  keep  up  tlie  record  of  tile  previous 

year,  steam  and  sailing  ve.ssels  in  all  tlic  inland  waters  of  the  Northwest  enjoyed  a 

spleiulid   season ;     new   steamers   were    built,    combinations   were    formed,    and    the 

foundation  for  more  than  one  healthy  fortune 

was  laid  during  this  period,     I^arly  in  the 

year  the  Colonel  Wright,  the  first  steamer  on 

the    upper   Columbia,    commenced    to    run, 

ojjeiiing  \\\i  to  settlement  a  va.st  domain  that 

prior  to  this  time  was  almost  as  inaccessible 

as  the  wilds  of  .\frica.     The  Colonel  H'riglil 

was  launched  OctoWr  J4,  1H5.S,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Des  Chutes  River,  and,  like  most  of  the  pioneers  on  the  steamlxiat 
routes,  made  a  fortune  for  her  owners  before  others  could  interfere  with 
the  trade.  She  was  liuilt  by  R.  R.  Thoni]).soii  and  li.  V.  Coc,  who  have 
been  mentioned  as  having  (loveriiment  contracts  on  the  middle  and 
upper  river.  They  had  been  carrying  freight  for  Fort  Walla  Walla  from 
Celilo  in  bateaux  at  a  rate  of  <;iik5  per  ton,  and  were  induced  by  Colonel 
Jordan,  tlie  chief  (luartermaster,  to  construct  the  steamer.  When  she 
was  completed  they  reduced  the  rates  to  $80  and  made  three  round 
trips  a  week  throughout  the  suiiiiuer,  taking  full  loads  both  ways  and 
growing  rich  more  rapidly  than  they  could  realize.  The  Colonel  \Vri,i;lil 
made  her  first  trip  in  April,  iSso.  and.  by  connecting  with  the  Oregon 
Steam  Navigation  steamers  on  the  middle  and  lower  river,  landed  pas- 
sengers in  Portland  thirty  hours  after  leaving  Walla  Walla,  a  feat  which 
was  considered  remarkable  at  that  time.  In  May,  1859,  the  steamer 
made  a  recoiinoitering  tour  fifty  miles  up  Snake  River,  and  in  1.S61 
.iscended  the  Clearwater  to  within  two  miles  of  the  forks,  accomplishing  the  down-.stream  run  of  over  th- 
hundred  miles  in  less  than  twenty-four  hours.     Thompson  and  Coe  made  .so  much  money  with  the  )/ V/i,'///  tli 


KiHIKKr   k.   'I'lUIMI'h 


The  Oreyon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Columbia  Marine  Muitriea 


in  the  spring  of  iMfio  they  put  the  />«/«(»  on  the  naine  route,  afterward  pcMjIing  l«>th  stenmerx  with  the  ()re|{on 

Sti.iiii  NnviKiition  Company.     The  (olonrl  Wrii-hl  was  firwt  c<>mman<li-<l  l>y  Copt.  Leonard  White,' with  Capt. 

Iv  W  llaiiKhinan,  pilot.     Wliitc  rci-civi-d  a  siila.'y  of  f,VK>  I^'f 

iiK.nlh  ami  rttaini-d  llic  position  for  wveral  yearn.    Aiiout  186.^, 

;iikr  slie  came  under  control  of  the  Ori'Kon  Stcuni  N'aviKation 

Cuinpany.  Captain  Ainsworth  concluded  tliat  the  reinuncration 

\v;is  uxicssivc  for  a  Hteauilmat  captain,  and  he  wn.s  succeeded 

liv   Capi.  Thomas  Stump,   from   the  Sacramento   River,  at  a 

>,:il,iry  of  fvxi  ptT  month.     Cm-,  Feltoii,  and  J.  II.   I).  Cray 

also  linil  diar^e  of  the  steamer  at  difTcreiit  times      Slie  made 

lilt  last  trip  ill  tlic  spriiiK  of  1,^65,  in  command  of  Capt.  Thomas 

Stiiinii,  whi>  attempted  to  take   her  aliove  the  Snake  River 

lapiils  to  l''arewell   lleiid.     She  was  ei^ht  days  in  niakiii);  a 

ciisiaiic't  ofalxnit  one  liundred  miles,  SI    she  was  headed  down 

slrtiiiii  and  returned  to  I,ewiston  in  less  than  five  hours,  Cap- 
tain Stump  reporting  liis  explorations  as  haviuK  lK;en  of  no 

|)r.iiliral  value  ;  l)Ut  he  had  taken  a  steamer  farther  into  the 

Ikait  of  the  regions  lyiiiK  to  the  east  than  any  craft  had  ever 

^liiic  licfdie.    This  com]>leted  the  achievements  of  the  pioneer 

III'  sie.iin  navigation  on  the  up|)er  CoIumMa,  aiul  in  August, 

isfi^,  she  was  liroken  up,  lur  engines  afterward  beiiij;  placed 

in  one  of  Joseph  Kelloj;(;'s  ste.imers.     'V\\k  I'oloiifl  1 1 'rii;/i/  was 

nil  lict  louK,  2\  feet  beim,  and  5  feet  hold. 

In    British    >'i  :  .1  .bia    the    first    steamer    l)uilt    in    the 

province    for    inland     navigation    commenced    regular    trips 

litlwceii    .  :  toria  and  Fra.ser  River  points.     This  ves.sel,  the 

(ii'ii-iiior  /)om'/iis,  was  launched  the  previous  year,  but  did  not  make  her  trial  trip  until  January,  1.H59.     She 

was  folliiwetl  in  May  by  the  steamer  ('(>/i>nr/  .lAx'i/r,  and  later  by  the  ffiiin'rlla,  the  latter  bopt  having  liccn  set 

afloat  in  October  and  run  iiuler  sail 
initil  the  arrival  of  her  niacliincry. 
The  Goirniof  l\>iii;/(is  was  the  first 
steandmat  venture  in  Itritish  Colum- 
bia of  that  ])ioiieer  of  the  CoUnnbia 
ami  Willamette,  ,\lexander  Sinclair 
Murray,  and  was  also  the  craft  which 
tempted  another  hero  of  early  naviga- 
tion in  Oregon.  Capt.  William  Irving, 
to  sail  under  the  llrilish  flag,  where 
he  and  his  son,  Coininodore  John 
Irving,  afterward  made  fame  and  fort- 
une. The  Doiii;liis  was  launched  in 
the  fall  of  iS^.S.  the  machinery  com- 
ing from  San  Francisco  on  the  brig 
W'illiiiHiHlii  in  December.  She  was 
a  good-si/.ed  s  t  e  r  n  w  h  e  e  1  e  r,  with 
sixteen-inch    cylinders    and    six-foot 

riiK  ■'Ciimim:i-  Mihiii\ '■  i    i    ,-     it. 

scooi.iiHieiiiii.r  built  ill  vi.iuriaiii.iriii  stroke,  atid  lelt  \  ictona  on  her  first 


CAIT.    I.KnNAIlli  WlllTl' 


i    <% 


'  Capt.  I.eiiiianl  While  »bs  iiiii-  of  the  lirsl  ;.vii  in  t)rcKOii  to  iltvole  hiiiisi'lf  to  the  iwiviKHtioii  of  its  rivers.  He 
posM'sseil  tile  rare  faculty  of  siucessfiilly  pilotiiiK  «  steamer  in  unsurveyed  chaniiels,  ami  ooniiiieiu 'mI  ruiiiiiiiK  steainlioats  on  the 
Will.itin-Ui-  River  in  the  early  fifties,  at  which  time  the  lieail  of  iiiivinatioii  was  Rt  .Albany.  He  was  not  content  to  let  it  lon^ 
riiMjin  so.  however,  anil  took  his  steamer  to  Corvallis  without  any  ilitTicnltv.  meeting  with  a  fjriinil  reception  on  his  .irrival. 
Tin-  .luUiorities  presenteil  liini  with  a  block  of  lanil  in  the  city  anil  were  lavish  in  their  promises  of  business.  I-'rom  that  time 
rivii  Iniiisportatioii  to  Corvallis  was  as,sureil  to  the  peo|)le  of  the  town  iiiiil  country  rimnilaboiit.  Captain  White  iletermineil  to 
Iry  ilii  ■areaiii  still  farther  up.  though  from  this  point  it  was  rather  narrow,  crookeil.  rapiil.  ami  encumliereil  with  ilriftwood  anil 
1"K',  riiilisiiiayeil  by  these  iibstrnclions  he  look  the  steamer  I'lunix  as  far  as  Harrisburj!  in  the  fall  of  1S55.  He  remained  on 
this  ^Uiiiiier  until  the  autumn  of  iS.sd,  when  he  went  to  the  Cain  mull,  running  her  to  I'arrisliurK.  and  was  afterward  pilot  on  the 
Chill. 11,  which  he  took  as  fur  as  Knueiie  on  her  initial  trip  to  that  point.  lie  commanded  difTerent  boHts  on  the  Willamette 
umil  lite  ill  i.SijS,  when  he  svas  eunaKed  as  captain  of  the  new  steamer  I'oUiiiel  U'iit;htm\  the  upper  river,  named  in  honor  of 
CnliiiM.l  Wright  of  the  I'liiteil  States  .'\rmy,  who  was  at  that  lime  superior  oflicer  of  a  military  post  at  The  Palles.  Captain  White 
loiik  the  steamer  up  the  .Snake  River  as  far  as  l.ewistoii,  and  was  the  first  man  to  make  a  landing  there.  In  the  summer  of  iS6,i  he 
ran  im, titer  steamer  called  the  Ciiviisf  alH>ve  Lewislon,  goiuK  as  far  as  llie  mouth  of  the  ("traud  Ronile  River.  In  i>S6,i;  he  opened 
iiavii:  iiiiiu  further  north  and  east  011  the  Columbia  than  ever  iiefore  The  pioneer  craft  in  these  waters  was  the  steamer  /■'oily  iii'ir, 
wliuli  lie  operated  until  his  health  failed,  anil  toward  the  close  of  1S69  he  went  to  San  I'rancisco  in  the  hope  of  re>;ainin^'  his 
aciMivi.nitd  vinor.  Not  obtaiiiiuK  relief  he  relumed  to  Portland  in  kSjo,  and  died  in  the  early  sprin;;  of  that  year.  As  a  pathfinder 
ii;  Ih'  unexplored  waters  of  the  Northwest,  Captain  While  won  for  himself  a  lastiuK  name  in  the  annals  of  sleamhoatiii);  isee  also 
stcaii.  ■  loityiiiiit;  1S65). 


"l 


j  I 

I 


1  .i 


82 


Li'wl^  cf  Drydi'n's  Marine  History  of  the  Pncific  Northwest 


CArr,  \v.  I.  WAii  1 


trip  ti)  Laiigloy,  January  27.  iHsy,  wit'i  sixty  passengers  and   no  tons  of  freight.      Soon  after  her  conipletidii. 

Irving,  who  was  still  interested  with  Murray,  went  over,  bought  out  the  wandering  vScotdinian,  and  took  connii.iiul 

of  the  steamer,  Murray  going  to  Australia  to  become  one  of  I'ne 
first  steamboatmen  in  the  Antipodes.  I'nder  the  management  of 
Irving,  the  /\'ni;/ii.i  was  run  at  different  times  by  Captains  Turn 
Wright,  W.  I.  W'aitt,  William  Moore,'  and  others.  She  gave  gnud 
service,  and  made  money  until  she  was  succeeded  by  the  steanurs 
Coh'iiil  Moo<iy  and  A'r/ianir. 

The  iWiD/r/  .l/i'ix/r  was  the  eighth  steamer  to  navigate  tlie 
waters  of  the  Kraser,  although  the  .second  built  for  that  trade,  llie 
others  up  to  that  time  having  been  the  Sfn  liiid,  Siii/^ii.<r,  (  'iiutliHa, 
luiUrprisc,  Marin,  l\!ir(t  .■tinhrsoi,  and  (n'zrnior  /V«i,'/<;.f.  The 
.I/i'(>i/r  was  owned  by  the  liritish  Columl)ia  Navigation  Coinpaiiv, 
the  name  under  which  Irving  and  Murray  operated  their  steamers. 
She  was  launched  at  Dead  Man's  I'oint,  May  14,  1.S50,  and  was 
145  feet  long,  2-  feet  beam,  and  4  feet  hold,  with  engines  \(^\-2 
inches.  She  was  at  first  commanded  by  Irving,  but  was  afterward 
in  charge  of  Insley.  Wright,  and  others.  It  was  on  the  (.'oloiicl 
.\/ootiv  that  Capt.  J.  H.  I),  dray.'  afterward  a  prominent  Oregon 
Steam  Xavigaticni  Company  captain,  received  some  of  his  earlv 
steamboating  experience.  The  .Uooih  was  faster  than  any  of  the 
steamers  yet  built  for  this  trade,  and  she  enjoyed  a  very  profitalile 
business  until  reinforced 
1)y  the  Ncliiiiiir. 

Ill  January   \'ic- 

toria  received  the  most    important  addition  to  her  steam    fleet  since 

the  arrival  of  the  ( '//<v,   the  steaniship  l.abouihor.   which  came  out 

•Capt.  XyilUaml.  Wnitl  arrivi-d  on  llic  I'rasir  Kiver  in  i.S.iS,  and  .since  lliat 

lime  has  ahvavs  taken  a  prnnniUMil  part  in  sluani  navi^;ation  <ni  I'nuil  Sonii.l  anil 

lliitisli  CoUiniliia  waters,      lie  lias  oonimaniled  tlie  steamers  Witson   I,'.   Ilniit, 

/■:/iCii  .lih/cisoii,  \oiih  I'luilii,  Olyiiipia.  and  in   faet  all  iif  tlie  oldliine   lUit. 

.Vfler  leaving  tlie  mail  lioat  lie  ran  lor  a  Innj,'  time  as  l'uj;el  Soniiil  jiilot  iin  tlic 

Pacific  Coast  Stcainsllip  Company's  vessels,  anil  for  tile  past  seven  >ears  lias  luell 

runniii);  on  llie  West  .Seattle  fe'rrv.      Captain  Waitl.  in  liis  loiiK  career  on  tlie 

Soiinil,  lias  lieen  an  active  participant  in  some  ol'  the  ureal  steamlmat  races  ami 

in  the  hitterest  oiipositioii   that  ever  occurred  on  the  Coast.     He  is  a  native  of 

Jtaiiie,  Iml  came  West  when  (piite  vonnH- 

"Capt.  William  Moore,    lielter  known  as  •'Hill"   Moore,  who  lias  always 

hecn  an  intercsliiiK  fi.vnrein  liritish  Colnniliia  marine  circles,  was  horn  in  Hanover, 

Prussia,  and,  after  foilowiiiK'  the  sea  for  a  uunihor  of  years  in  variims  parts  of  the 

world,  arrived  at  ( Ineeu  Charlotte's  Island  in   |S,S2  on  the  l.rij;  Tfpic,  a  cclehrated 

old-time   opium    sniiiK'n'cr.      lie  coulinneil  lioatiuK  in  this  vicinity  with  sailing 

vessels  until   i.Sjij,  when  lie  liuilt  the  steamer  llcntiiltii.  which  he  ran  for  two 

vears.  and  llicii  constructed  the   l-'lyiuf,   /hililniinii.  with  which  he  nudertook  the 

first  trip  ever  made  hv  a  steamer  on  the  .Stickeen  Kiver,  K"i"'K  "P  «''''  •'  ''ar^e  ami 

125  iiasseuv;ers  iluriiiK  the  milling  excitenieni  in  i.Sfij.    The  steamers  .UiXiiiuhia, 

/.   II'.  .lA'orc,    <,'i>/>ih/,:    il'isliiii  Slof),;   ami    '/'inni,  all  of  which  were  run  as 

opposition  steamers  on  liritish  Colninhia  routes,  were  later  result-,  of  his  enterprise. 

In  recent  years  Captain  Moore  has  spent 
consiilerahle  lime  exploring  the  iniuiu|{ 
districts  of  the  Yukon  River.  Ills  steam- 
hoat  career  in  the  Northwest  has  heeii 
racy  ami  iuterestinn  euounh  to  lill  a 
large  hook,  as  a  few  of  his  exjiloits  mentioned  elsewhere  will  ,'ittest. 

'Capt.  I.  II.  I),  (trav,  a  sou  of  the  iiioueer  William  II.  ('.ray,  first  saw  the  liuilt 
at  I.apwai.  Idaho,  March  21),  iH^q.  having'  heen  tl:e  lirst  male  white  child  horn  wc^'  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  When  a  youii),'  man  he  went  to  the  P'rascr  River  and  there  eiilt  m-iI 
the  steamhoat  husiness  as  mate  and  pilot  on  the  i'o/t>tii-/  Miwiiy  in  iSOo.  lie  ran  '.lie 
.steamer  Mnriii  on  Harrison  bake  for  a  .sinrt  lime  and  then  went  to  the  upptr  Coluuiliia 
and  served  as  mate  on  the  steamer  Tt'fiifh'.  He  was  soon  yiven  a  comm.ind,  and  was 
master  on  the  various  steamers  of  the  ( IrcKon  Steam  Navinali<>ii  Company  on  ilie  navijj.il'le 
])ortioiis  ot  the  ujiper  Columhia  and  -Snake.  Coiu^  lo  the  lower  livei.  he  liouj.ilu  lie 
(iini'iiil  (•iivil  and  operated  her  helweeii  Uwaco  ami  Haker's  Hay,  the  (.'1,111/  lieiiiK  ilie 
first  sleaiiKT  011  lliis  route.  He  was  also  inleresteil  in  l>nildiii>;  the  (I't'iiiiii/  .1///r.v,  wl  ;ili 
was  used  for  a  while  as  a  tni{  on  the  Cohinihia  River  liar  and  took  an  active  part  in  he 
developincut  of  Cray's  Harhor.  When  Ote  tjiurn  it/' //ir  /\ii  i/i,  stranded  at  the  iiioul!' of 
Ihe  Columhia,  Cray  went  to  the  rescue  with  the  Milis  and  a  lighter,  011  which  he  pi.,  i-il 
the  Ohrt'u's  anchor  ami  towed  it  lo  deep  water,  where  il  was  dropped  with  a  t\\i'l\f  1  v'li 
cable  attached,  eiiahliiiK  the  men  on  the  ship  to  ^'el  a  strain  on  it  and  kceii  the  {_>■■  <ti 
from  working;  farther  up  on  the  hank.  I'or  tlii.s  service  Captain  Cray  was  awarded  *^.  ■»' 
salva>;e.     He  retired  from  the  water  several  years  a^o  ami  is  at  present  liviiij,'  in  .\sti 

where  he  holds  the  ollice  of  Jndyc  of  Clatsop  County. 

'Capt.  J.  W.  Keeiie  of  Skagit  City  was  one  of  the  arrivals  on  the  l.iihoiiiliftv,   where  he  remained  niitil    iS'n,  when 

apprenticeship  expiring,  he  left  her  ami  went  to  the  Carihoo  mines.     In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  houylit  an  interest  in  the  s 

A*('(/  A''^"*^;*  and  commenced  trading;  ahni^  the  Coast.     He  continued  in  this  husiness  with  various  sloops  for  several  years,  carr; 

pa.ssengers  hetwecn  Victoria,  Port  'rownseml  and  other  points  on  the  .Sound,  and  occasionally  pilotiiiK'  vessels  lo  the  mill  jiorls. 


Cai  1 .  Uii  1  lAM    Mil 


J.  II     ll.r.KAV 


III, 


Thv  Oregon  Steam  Navigaiion  Company,  Grawih  of  British  Coltimhi:)  Marinv  Inili/strivs 


«3 


Iroin  I.omloii  .iiul  entered  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company's  service  along  the  northern  coast.  The  l.al'Oiirliere  was 
1)11'!!  at  Green's.  Blackwall,  London,  in  is^S.  and  left  for  her  long  trip  to  the  new  Northwest  in  the  fall  of  that 
viar.  arriving  at  her  destination  early  in  iSs<;.  She  was  a  sidewheel  steamer  uf  (i.So  tons  net  register,  and  was 
l\V(i  linndrid  and  two  feet  in  length,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  and  fifteen  feet  depth  of  hold,  fitted  with  o.scillaling 
engines  of  abont  one  hundred  and  eighty  horse-power.     Captain  Trivette.  who  afterward  brought  out  the  steamer 

/')i)Ki:<s  A'i'vti/,  came  in  command  of  the 
/.aboiKlirrc.  and  W.  A.  Klliott  was  second 
engineer,  taking  charge  of  her  engines  on 
the  arrival  of  the  vessel  at  \'ictoria.  Soon 
afterward  the  steamer  went  into  the  coasting 
business,  trading  with  the  Indians  fo;  the 
Hudson's  Hay  Company.  When  she  .sailed 
for  the  North  on  her  first  trip,  her  crew  con- 
sisted of  John  .Swanson.  commander;  James 
Ward,  first  officer;  W.  A.  IClliott,  engineer; 
Robert  Williams,  clerk  ;  James  Smith,  boat- 
swain ;  Peter  Wilson,  steward ;  George 
McKay,  interpreter  ;  seven  able  seamen,  six 
firemen,  five  wooilcntters,  carpenter,  cook, 
trader,  and  two  apprentices.  The  Indian  of 
that  jieriod  far  outcla,sse(l  his  descendants  in 
l>i)int  of  insolence  and  deviltry,  and  the  men 
in  charge  of  the  steamer  had  some  decidedly 
racy  experiences  on  their  cruises  beyond  the 
pale  of  civilization.  ( )ii  one  occasion  the  Tako 
Indians  went  so  far  as  to  take  po.ssession  of 
llie  vessel  and  threaten  the  lives  of  all  on  board.  In  one  of  the  old  steamer's  log-books  the  fiillowing  account 
1)1  the  trouble  ai)pears; 

"  .M  IIcioii.'ili,  .Salunlay,  .\iinii^t  2.  1S62.  Crew  iiiipli)ycil  tending  llie  !,'aii^;w:iys  and  tradiiiK-  Indi.ins  vi-rv  troulik'sunu'  and 
tiutntroiis.  l''roiii  apiH'aiaiii'os  exin'Cled  a  ilistiirlianoi'.  .\i  in;;,ii  Indians  ri'Tused  to  trade  M'l-olter  skins  nnilir  a  very  exorliitaiit 
ligure.  .\t  ii:i«i  A.  M.  lit  lires  and  prepared  to  start.  Al  1:1  «i  E'.  M.  the  eliielOt' llie  lower  village  eame  on  hoard,  and  all  hiiliaii  unnien 
let'l  the  ship.  .Vfier  inneh  disenssion  and  aii^^er,  iVoiii  the  Sitka  Indians  espeeially,  they  refused  lo  trade  and  t'oreed  the  j;aii>;wav, 
Caplain  Swaiisini  anil  Mr.  Coinplon  each  heinn  seized hy  alionl  thirty  Imlians  armed  with  knives,  ),'iins  ami  eUihs,  ami  were  instantly 
clisarined.  ahoiit  three  hundred  savages  rushing  on  deek.  Ity  order  of  the  eaptain,  the  ohieroHieer  plaeed  the  nn'n  under  arms  with 
ritles,  revolvers  and  swords,  and  sneeeedeil  in  keepiii),'  the  Indians  alt  at  the  point  of  the  hayonet,  lint  il.ired  not  lire  as  it  would  he 
the  sii;Mal  lor  the  instant  ileatli  of  the  oajitaiu  and  trader.  Ordered  the  view  forwanl  and  trained  two  eaunon  .lit  loaileil  with  !.;rape 
and  eaiinister,  which  enahled  us,  after  nuuh  di.scussion  and  « ith  ^'reat  forbearaiue  on  the  part  of  the  crew,  to  effect  a  parley,  and  liotli 

sides  agreed  to  discharge  arms  in   the   air,  our  men  on  the 

briilge  and  the  Imlians  on  the  ipiarter  ileck.     On  the  Imlians 

giving  two  sea  otter  skins  ami  llie  chiefs  expressing  their  con 

Irition,   man\-  of  them  ileparted.  taking  the  revolvers  of  the 

i'aptain  and  Mr.  Comjiton  and  relaiuing  possession  of  thi-m. 

To  please  the  natives  the  captain  and  Mr.  Complon  entered 

the  chiels'  canoe  and  paddled  around  the  harhor  amidst  sing- 
ing, etc.     .Xt  io:(Ki  I'.  M.  snei'ei-ded  in  getting  rid  of  all  of  the 

Indians  withonl  violence  hy  allowing    the   interpreter   to  go 

ashore  with  them  for  two  or  three  hours." 


WW   CuMl-ANV's  sii  \M!-nir 


On  receiving  a  hint  from  the  Hoonali  chief  that 
hostilities  wunld  be  resumed  the  next  day.  the  vessel 
stole  away  under  f;tll  steam  at  three  o'clock  the  next 
morning.  The  f.al'OKrliiii-  contintieil  in  this  trade 
until  the  latter  part  of  IS(>5  or  the  beginning  of  i,s6(). 
when  she  was  granted  a  subsidy  of  $1,500  a  trip  by 
the  Crown  Colony  to  carry  the  mails  between  \'ictoria 
and  San  Francisco.  Captain  Moiiatt  was  then  in  com- 
mand, and  before  starting  IVoitt  San  Francisco  she  was 
extensively  overhauled  and  tei)aired,  over  $.',(), 1 100 
been  expended  on  her  hull  and  machinery.  On  her  first  voyage  the  vessel  was  lost  at  I'oini  Reyes  isee 
r  /.(i/>o/ir/ii>r.   i86ri  1. 

.ViiDlhtr  important  addition  to  the  Mritisli  Columbia  and  I'nget  Sound  fleet  was  the  steamer  /■.//>((  .I/1(/i>m>i/. 
liiiilt  :ii  Portland  the  preceding  year  and  sent  round  in  March,  Captains  Wells  and  Hustler  going  with  her. 


W,  A.  Hi-Liorr 

l-.iitiHn'tT  steam)iltip  "  I.iiltouchfre" 

h.ivni; 
wreck 


Cut    I    w.  Kki.:.\k 


m    :>  ■ 


tile  sj  Miig  ot  I  >S  he  look  the  schooner  /'itf/tt'f  lo  the  IMihilof  Islands  on  a  scaling  voyage.  lie  was  next  master  of  the  schooner 
X,')  ,,/(•;  running  to  .Mits'tcr.,  leaving  her  to  pilot  the  I'niled  St.Ues  steamer  .S'(;j,'///(/.-t',  and  I'roni  1S61)  to  lS7c>  was  in  the  eniplov 
of  il'.i  I  .oveniinent,  lixf  years  of  that  period  having  heen  s]  cut  on  the  revenue  laitter  /  niit'lu.  In  i>^79  he  resigned  and  retired  to  a 
l.uiii  1  >  ,tr  ,Skagil  City,  hut  in  the  fall  lesuinedi  his  olil  vocation,  taking  file  tug  Miiiy  'J'av/oi  iVom  the  .Sound  to  .Astoria.  TIu- 
lolUiv  M.;  \ear  he  litied  out  tile  steamer  /■i/.ix  ilr  for  the  Nortliwesl  Trading  Company  and  ran  her  for  a  year.  He  afterward  served 
as  111  I  ,1  or  )pilot  oil  the  steamers  A'mi«i,',7,  of  which  he  sii])erinteiided  llie  hiiilding,  /'liza  .  Iiiiliis,'ti,  lliiiiy  ISathy,  l.eo.  a  steam 
sclioi  Hi  r  winch  he  look  to  .\laska,  and  others.  Since  iS.Si)  lie  has  made  freiiuent  trips  to  Alaska  in  the  Ciovernmeiit  service,  his  last 
eiuph-Mueni  having  heen  with  the  h'liliani  A'ii.\/i,  on  wliicli  lie  was  stationed  in  llcring  .Sea  during  the  season  ot  i,Sy,(. 


'        ii- 


H 


84 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Tlie  ShiibiM  was  tlie 


CaPT,    J.    M.    FRA7RR 


Early   in   1858  the  United  States  steamer  Shiibrick  arrived  on  the  Sound   and  commenced  ?   career  of 
usefulness  in  the  Government  service  which  kept  her  name  prominently  before  the  public  for  thirty  ytars.     Slie 

came  from  the  East  to  San  Francisco  in  charge  of  Inspector  De  Camp 

and  Capt.  T.  A.  Harris,  with  J.  M.  Frazer,"  first  officer ;  T.  S.  Pickering. 
,       second  officer  ;    T.  Winship.  chief  engineer  ;    T.  J.  McNamara,  second 

engineer;   and  VV.  H.  Wiggins,*  water  tender. 

first  lighthouse  tender  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 

although  she  was  called  a  revenue  cutter 

when  she  first  made  her  appearance  in  1S59. 

She  was  built  in  Philadelphia  in  i.Sj;  of  live 

and  white  oak,  copper  fastened  throughout, 

was  brigantine  rigged,  and  mounted  three 

cannon.      Her  dinien.sions  were :    length, 

one  hundred  and  forty  feet ;  t)eam,  twenty- 
two  feet ;  depth,  nine  feet  ;  engine  (single), 

fifty  by  forty-eight  inches.     On   her  first 

trip  to  the  Sound,  Capt.  Frank  West  (now 

living   in  East    Portland)  took  command, 

having  iieen  appointed  by  Capt.  John  De 

Camp,  at  that  time  Lighthouse  In.spector 

for  this  district.    In  June,  iSsg,  the  steamer 

made  a  cruise  to  the  Cascades  with  a  number  of  army  officers   from 

Vancouver  Barracks,  headed  by  General  Harney.      The  parly  reacliid 

Ruckel's  Landing  without  acci<k-nt.  the  old  Shiibn',/,-  carried  them  l)ack 

to\'ancouver,  and  they  tell  to  this  day  that  they  went  to  the  Cascades 
on  the  first,  last,  and  only  ocean-going  steamship  that  ever  penetrated  .so  far  inland  on  the  Columbia.  During 
her  early  career  on  the  Sound  and  in  other  parts  of  the  Noribwest.  the  S/iiibn'ik\  as  local  .steamers  were  scarce 
in  those  days,  in  addition  to  her 
duties  as  revenue  cutter  and  light- 
house tender,  carried  mail,  freight, 
and  passengers,  and  performed  any 
other  necessary  work.  After  passing 
through  the  perils  of  the  San  Juan 
difficulty  with  spiked  guns,  the  old 
Shubn'ek  assumed  a  warlike  aspect 
in  1862  when  Victor  Smith,  Collector 
for  the  Puget  Sound  district, 
attempted  to  move  the  custom-house 
from  Port  Townsend  to  Port  Angeles. 
The  Townsend  people  olyected  to  its 
removal,  and  having  pos.session  dur- 
ing Smith's  ab.sence  refused  to  give 
up  the  papers.  Lieutenant  Wilson 
then  trained  the  fierce  twelve-poun- 
ders of  the  Shubruk  on  the  Key  City 
and  threatened  to  wipe  it  out  of 
existence  unless  the  inhabitants  capitulated,  which  they  finally  reluctantly  did,  A  warrant  was  afterward 
issued  for  Smith's  arrest,  but,  when  the  marshal  went  aboard  to  serve  it.  Lieutenant  Wii.son  put  him  aslmie. 
and  the   Shiibiiik-  steamed  away.      Smith  afterward  discharged  the  entire  crew  with  the  exception  of  Captain 


Wll.I.AM    H.    WlCIilNS 


r.  S.  SlKAMsmi'  "SIH'UHICK" 
Hirst  liKhthouse  teiidt-r  on  I'acifit-  L'oasl 


•Capt.  J.  M.  Fra/cr  was  Ijorn  in  Kentucky,  left  home  at  the  aj<e  of  nineteen,  Jinil  after  follo\vin>(  tlie  sea  fof  niaiiy  years  c;inie 
to  Oregon  in  1858  on  the  ohl  Sliiihiiik,  settling  at  Oregon  City,  He  served  for  some  time  on  the  np|ier  Willamette,  and  was  iil'.o 
freight  clerk  at  Oregon  City  for  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  lie  finally  made  I'ortlanil  his  home,  and  hir  many  yi  ir« 
was  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Compiny.  Ilis  last  steamhoating  was  on  the  /\iiliif>iisi\  which  he  left  in 
1889.     He  ilied  at  Portland,  Octoher  19,  189I. 

*  William  H.  Wiggins  was  horn  in  New  Vork  City  in  |8^^,  and  connnenced  his  marine  service  on  the  Hndson  River  as  caliii 
boy,  while  learning  the  trade  of  engineer,  working  ini  ferries  and  other  steamers.  He  started  for  the  I'l.cific  Coast  in  iS,'i7  on  ilie 
United  States  steamer  S/iiihtitk,  leaving  her  on  arrival  at  San  I'rancisco,  and  going  to  the  (^i izfih,i  as  water  tender.  In  i860  he  \>.is 
for  a  few  months  on  the  steamer  Piiritic.  and  afterward  on  the  liroihet  Jonathan.  He  was  then  for  a  short  time  on  the  .Sacrami  i" 
River,  a  .shipmate  of  Ivngineer  Honston,  who  was  lost  on  the  Patilic,  hut  soon  went  hack  to  salt  water  as  first  assistant  on  ;'if 
steamship  Shuhriik  for  a  year,  leaving  heron  I'ngel  .'^oniid,  and  on  returning  to  San  I'rancisco  going  as  first  assistant  <ni  ihe 
steamships  Paiifu,  Senator,  Orizaba  and  .Ijax.  When  Holladay's  line  was  sold  to  the  Mail  C<nnpatiy,  he  left  the  water  and  "is 
employeti  in  the  >San  Francisco  Mint  for  three  anil  one-half  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  he  joined  the  steamship  Dakota  as  I  :-l 
assistant.  He  was  afterwanl  chief  of  the  steamship  Dakota,  and  of  the  ferryhoats  .intilopc,  /,  ,1/  /hinahnr,  Tihiiron,  ('!•  'h 
and  San  Ka/ail,  remaining  in  the  ferry  service  for  ahoiit  six  years.  Mr.  \Vi>;gins  was  one  of  the  fonnilers  of  the  .San  Franci  ■  0 
Marine  Knijinecrs'  Association,  and  has  been  an  active  member  sinco  its  organization. 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Columbia  Marine  Industries 


85 


Sc.M1.11 '  and  Engineer  VVinship.     The  former  continued  in  command  until  1864,  when  he  was  relieved  by  Captain 
Sc.iiiiMion.  who  in  turn  was  followed  by  Anderson,  Moses  Rogers,  Jessen,"  Kortz,  Everson,  and  H.  M.  Gregory, 

who  took  charge  in  1H82  and  ran  her  until  she  was  condemned.  Winship 
was  the  l)est  known  of  the  engineers  on  the  old  steamer,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Nightingale,  Scott,  Lord,  and  others.  After  over  a  quarter  of 
a  century  of  continuous  work  in  the  Northwest,  the  Sliitbrick  made  her 
""^^fc  last  trip  in  I)eccnit)er,  iS.S^,  and  was  taken  to  Mare  Island  and  sold  at 

auction  March  20,  18.S6,  to  Charles  Densbrow  of  San  Erancisco  for  )|53,2oo. 
The  steamship  /o/<«  T.  ll'rijr/i/  was  built  at  Port  Ludlow  in  1859 
by  William  Hammond,  making  her  first  trip  in  May,  1860  She  was  a 
sidewheeler,  one  hundred  and  .seventy-four  feet  long,  twenty-seven  feet 
beam,  and  ten  feet  hold,  fitted  with  engines  from  tlie  burned  Sfa  Bird. 
Soon  after  completion  the  steamer  was  taken  to  San  Erancisco,  and 
ran  on  the  Sacramento  for  a  .short  time  in  command  of  Capt.  William  E. 
Hushnell, '  who  was  in  charge  of  the  Julia  when  she  first  appeared  on  the 
Sound,  and  was  subsequently  sold  to  parties  who  took  her  to  China, 
wlicre  .she  burned  .soon  after  her  arrival.  The  Wright  was,  with  the 
exception  of  the  liliza  Anderson,  the  first  ocean-going  steamer  constructed 
on  the  Coast. 

The  finest  sternwheeler   yet   built  made  her  appearance  on  the 
Columbia  and  Willamette  in  1859.     She  was  named  the  Carrie  Ladd  in 
honor  of  the  Portland  banker's  daughter,  and   will   always  be  remem- 
bered for  the  inqiortant  part  she  played  in  the  organization  of  the  Oregon 
cai't.  j.  w.  skuiikn  Steam  Navigation  Company.     The  Carrie  Ladd  was  launched  at  Oregon 

Citj  in  October,    1858.      She  was  constructed  by  John  T.  Thomas*  for  Jacob  Kamm,  Capt.  J.  C.  Ai'isworth, 


'  Capt.  I.  \V  SeliU'ii  was  linrii  in  Maryluiul,  July  29,  i.'i.iJ.  Kiiil  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  ahoiU  1S56.  In  1S62  lie  w.  s  a  lieutenant 
on  llie  rtvi-mii'  niter  /ik'  l.atii\  ami  later  on  the  Sliiihrirk,  stationed  a  part  iif  the  time  on  the  Sound  anil  the  rest  in  San  ''rancisco. 
In  i.v>t  he  ritnriieii  Ivast,  coininj,;  out  BKain  in  1S66  on  the  revenue  cutter  H'yanciii  from  lialtiniore,  llil.,  arriving  at  San 
I'rHinisrii  in  Dccemher,  after  a  tempestuous  voyage  of  one  hunilreil  ami  eiglityoiie  days.  In  I.s6y  lie  was  detached  from  the  ll'yanda 
and  Kiven  cotninand  of  the  revenue  cutler  l.imoln,  in  which  he  maile  a  tri])  to  -Maska  Troni  the  l.mtohi  he  was  ordered  to  the 
Htluitii't',  a  topsail  schooner,  which  was  afterward  sold  in  Sitka  and  renamed  the  Leo.  He  remained  with  her  several  months  and 
wiis  linn  put  in  charge  of  the  steamer  Oliier  Walioll,  which  was  his  last  vessel.  While  in  the  (ioverninent  service  he  never  lost  an 
opiHht.iiiity  tn  rentier  such  assistance  as  lay  in  his  power  to  mariners  running  on  the  Sound,  and  freely  gave  them  the  henefit  of  the 
kniiwKil>;c  acquireil  through  his  superior  o))i)ortuiiities  for  observing  the  effects  of  tides  and  ohstructions  to  navigation  in  channels 
sfldnin  traversed  hy  other  seafaring  men.     lie  died  in  Seattle,  March  16,  1.S8S. 

'Capt.  Ci.  M.  Jessen  was  horn  in  (lermany  in  I.S40,  and  went  to  sea  at  the  age  of  fourteen.     He  came  to  the  Pacific  Ccast  in 
iv«i,  arriving  at  San  I'rancisco  on  a  sailing  vessel.     He  was  finally  given  command  of  the  .Shuhiik,  after  a  long  term  of  service  on 
the  vessel,  anil  suhseipienlly  spent  several  years  as  bar  pilot  on  the  ocean  steamships  running  between  rorlland  and  San  I'"rancisco. 
Wliin  these  pilots  were  ilispensed  with,  Jessen  took  the    U'i/mhiglon  and  ran  her  during  the  early  part  of  the  notorious  Dunbar 
ri-gniii-.     .After  leaving  this  vessel  he  went  to  the  steamship  Hm/iire,  in  the  coal  trade  iietween 
.San  I'rancisco  and  Nanaimo,  and  a  short  time  ago  took  charge  of  the  H/'illamelle,  where  he  still 
roinaiiis.     Captain  Jessen  ran  on  the  Humboldt  line  for  two  years  and  has  commanded  steamers 
on  nearly  every  northern  route  out  of  San  hVancisco. 

'Capt.  William  !■).  Itushnell  was  hern  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  1.S22,  and  began  his  marine 
laieer  at  the  ,ige  of  thirteen,  running  iv.  a  small  co.isting  steamer  owneil  by  his  father,  plying 
hetween  Norwich  and  New  York.  I!l-  conlinued  on  his  father's  vessels  unlil  he  reached  the  jiosi- 
liiiu  of  master,  and  then  made  a  trip  to  Valparaiso  with  Capt.  IMward  Waterm.in.  Soon  after  his 
return  he  joined  ji  New  London  whaler  and  spent  three  _\  ears  on  a  cruise,  reaching  home  about 
the  unie  of  the  gold  excitement  in  California,  and  uniting  with  the  Hartford  I'nion  Mining  S: 
Trading  Company,  an  organi/ation  which  inclutled  one  huinlred  and  twenty-two  yoting  men,  each 
of  wliiiMi  subscribed  jf.v*)  With  their  combined  capital  they  purchased  the  ship  lleiny  /.<■<•  anil 
loaded  her  with  general  cargo  for  California,  Captain  Hushnell  ciniii  ig  out  as  second  mate.  'I'lie 
parly  arrived  at  Sail  I'rancisco,  Sei)teniber  i.t,  1SJ9.  and  subsequently  established  a  store  in  Sacra- 
im-iito,  .\fter  a  brief  visit  to  the  mines.  Cai)tain  Hiisbnell  returned  to  the  river  ami  secured  a 
piisuiou  on  the  steamer  .Siiialor,  leaving  her  in  iSsi  to  go  to  the  .hileli>f'i\  on  which  he  served  as 
pilot  and  master  until  1S51,  narrowly  escaping  serious  injury  twice  on  the  latter  steamer.  In  iSs.l, 
ttlieii  the  .Intelope  took  fire,  Captain  Hushnell  «as  overcome  by  the  heat  while  engaged  in  throw- 
iiii;  water  on  the  boilers  to  generate  steam  to  extinguish  the  flames,  and  on  another  occasion, 
vvluii  the  boat  was  in  collisicn  with  the  ConfiJeiice,  he  cmirageously  forced  his  body  into  the 
bre.uli  made  and  kept  t''  ■  •"  :  '  ''  "lie  steamer  was  beached.  In  \^^^,  when  the  Honduras 
Mining  c\:  Trading  Cor..^  .^  ..„j  organized.  Captain  nushnell  was  sent  to  Honduras  to  look  after 
the  iiiteiestsof  the  company,  but  soon  afterward  went  to  New  York,  meeting  John  H.  Scranton, 
»lii>  engaged  him  to  go  to  Pu,et  Sound  to  take  command  of  the  new  steamer  //(/i'c(,  which  po.siiion 

lie  .issMineil  on  his  arrival  at  Victoria,  ret.ainiiig  it  a  year,  receiving  while  in  this  service  the  first  pilot's  license  issued  in  the  I'uget 
SiiMiul  district  for  the  Sound,  Ciulf  of  deorgia  and  the  Straits  of  I'nca.  He  cominaiided  the  Jiilia  during  the  San  Juan  ililTicultics, 
and  tarried  many  tiovernment  oflicials  and  troops  between  the  mainliind  tuid  the  scene  of  the  dispute.  When  the  steamer  John  /'. 
'('  tWwassent  to  .San  I'rancisco,  Captain  lUishnell  was  apnointed  master,  and  ran  her  for  a  year,  leaving  in  i,S(;i  to  enter  the 
San  Irancisco  ferry  service,  where  he  has  since  remained. 

*John  T.  Thoma.s,  who  built  seveial  of  the  most  prominent  vessels  of  the  pioneer  steam  fleet  on  the  Willamette  River,  was 
liiirii  in  ICngland  in  iSiiS,  and  came  to  .America  with  his  parents  when  ten  years  of  age.  His  father  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
I'liiisiiiiiUnn  at  the  Washington  Navy  Yard  by  President  Monroe,  the  Naval  Hoard  at  that  time  consisting  of  .Admirals  Rogt.  ■, 
I>i'r  iiur  and  Porter.  Young  T'homas  was  educated  at  the  Naval  .Academy  in  Hlandensbnrg  ami  in  due  season  entered  the  navy  as  a 
iiii'l-liipinan,  but  wlien  about  to  depart  for  a  long  cruise  his  father  secured  his  release  from  the  department,  and  he  liecame  a 
ilsnian  and  contractor  for  river  boats.     He  came  to  Oregon  in  1850.  and  the  following  spring  built  the  steamer //(i(;.v/('/' and 


WlI.I.lAM    NliillTIM^Al.K 


alti  iw.iril  ilraughled  and  built  the  steamers  Omeinali,  H-'itZ/dine/  and  Slioolualer.  He  also  constructeil  the  steamers  Ctiirie  I. add, 
Si'ii,i:,ii,  FiiiDiie  Palloii.  .Success,  and  many  otlirrs.  He  dietl  in  Portlainl,  March  29,  1890,  aged  eighty-two  years.  His  son,  W.  R 
Thuiuas,  has  followed  steamboating  for  many  years  on  the  Columbia  River  and  Pugel  Sound, 


■;i  ■:  ,1 


* 


• 


m 


86 


Lewis  <f  Dryden  s  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


and  the  proprietors  of  the  steamers  Jennie  Clark  and  Express,  each  party  owning  a  one-fourth  interest,  altliougli 

Kamni  was  in  reality  tlie  largest  stockholder,  as,  in  addition  to  his  individnal   share,  he  was   half  owner  in 

the  Jennie  Clark,  which  represented  a  fourth  in  the  Carrie  I.adtl.     Her  engines  were  bought  in   Wihninglon, 

Del,,  and    were    sixteen    by    sixty-six    inches.     She    was  fitted    up  in  first-class  style,  and  on  her  trial  trip 

February  9,  iH.sy,  in  command  of  Ainsworth,  made  the  run  to  Vancouver  in  one  hour  twenty-five  minutes,  to  the 

Cascades  in  five  hours  forty-four  minutes,  and  back  to  Portland  in  four  hours  thirty-eight  minutes,  a  speed  wliicli 

was  considered  very  rapid  in  those  days.     The  steamer  was  originally  intended  for  the  Oregon  City  trade,  l)ut 

shortly  after  her  completion  the  Union  Transportation  Company,  the  forerunner  of  the  mighty  Oregon  Steam 

Navigation  Company,  was  formed,  and  the  Carrie  l.add  secured  the 

y  "•  largest  share  given  to  any  one  steamer  in  that  pool.     Having  excellent 

power  she  found  no  difficulty  in  going  to  the  very  foot  of  tue  rapids 
at  the  Cascades.  When  the  Julia  was  brought  from  the  Sound  there 
was  a  brief  spell  of  opposition  on  the  Cascade  route,  which  was  soon 
ended  by  the  purchase  of  the  Julia  ;  and,  in  the  lively  days  of  steam 
boating  in  the  early  sixties,  the  two  steamers  ran  there  alternately. 
each  carrying  from  two  hundred  to  three  hundred  passengers  at  a  trip. 
In  1S62,  while  in  command  of  Capt.  James  Strang,  the  Carrie  l.add 
struck  a  rock  near  Cape  Horn  and  sank.  The  pas.sengers  were  rescued 
by  the  Mountain  liuek  and  taken  to  the  Cascades.  The  steamer  was 
afterward  raised  and  resumed  her  trips,  but  the  tremendous  amount 
of  work  to  whicli  she  was  subjected  during  her  early  career  had 
weakened  her,  and  in  1864  she  was  converted  into  a  barge.  Her 
engines  were  used  in  the  Nez  /'eree  Chief  &\\A  her  lioiler,  in  after  years, 
in  the  Mountain  Queen.  As  will  be  seen  by  the  accompanying  engrav- 
ing, the  Carrie  Ladd  was  similar  in  many  respects  to  the  sternwheelers 
of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  which  followed  her.  She 
was  the  nearest  approach  to  a  modern  river  steamer  that  had  yet 
appeared  on  the  Coast.  Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  one  hundred 
and  twentv  i.\  feet;  beam,  twenty-four  feet  four  inches;  depth,  four 
feet  six  inches.  The  I'nion  Transportation  Company,  formed  in  1851) 
by  Captain  Ainsworth,  Jacol)  Ramm.  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt,  Capt. 
Richard  Williams,  and  others  interested  in   the  river  .steamers   then 

in  operation,  was  more  in  the  nature  of  a  pool  than  anything  else,  and  secured  good  results  as  long  as  it  existed. 
On  the  upper  Willamette  the  steamer  .S7.  Claire  was  built  by  Oreen  C.  Davidson  and  John  Davis  at  Ray's 

Landing  to  run  opposition  to  the  James  Clinton  and  the  Yamhill.     Her  owner  operated  her  a  few  months  and 

then  consolidated  with  the  Yamhill  Steamboat  Company,  which  was  composed  of  J.  D.   Miller,  E.  B.  Fellows, 

George  La  Rocque,  Alljert  Epperly,  John  B.  Piettete,  and  Thomas  R.  Fields. 

The  company  was  capitalized  at  $12,000.       The  .S7.  Claire  jx'ople  received 

three-twelfths  of  the  stock,  and  the  boat  was  laid  up.     The  St.  ( laire  never 

amounted  to  much,  and  her  chief  claim  to  distinction  is  that  she  is  the  oidy 

steamboat  that  was  ever  successfully  sent  over  the  falls  at  Oregon  City.     This 

feat  was  accomplished  in  1.S61  with  Capt.  George  W.  Taylor  in  command. 

On   the   Fraser  River  and   Puget  Sound,  .steandxiating  was  good  all 

through  the  year.       In  addition  to  the  new  steamers,   the    Wilson  (i.  Hunt 

returned  in  June,  and  the  Consli'ution,  linter[>rise.  Maria,  and  letter,  were 

running  regularly.     The  tugs  Resolute  and  Ranger  No.  2  were  towing,  and 

the  old  Beaver  took  a  few  vessels  in  and  out  of  Britis'i  Columbia  ports.     The  '(^^^^^^^■C^HK  .c 

steamship  Forwood,  which  arrived  at  Victoria  from  ICngland  by  way  of  San 

Francisco,  entered  the  coasting  trade,  but  after  making  a  few  trips  to  San 

Francisco  abandoned  the  field.     The  I'oruood  was  a  British  tramp  steamer  of 

seven  hundred  tons  burden,  two  hundred    feet    long,   twenty-six  feet  beam. 

sixteen  feet  depth  of  hold,  and  was  in  command  of  G.  P.  Lock  ;    I).  McKay, 

first  officer  ;    \V.  G.   Lock,  .second  officer  ;  H.  C.  Lock,  third  officer  ;   George 

Greives,  chief  engineer  ;  Robert  Hill,  a.ssistant  ;  J.  Mair,  purser  ;  William  Ray,  steward.     While  pa.s.sing  thmugli 

the  .Straits  of  Fuca  on  her  third  trip  from  San  l'"ranci.sco  to  Victoria  a  quantity  of  gunpowder,  u.sed  in  fniiig 

salutes,  exploded,  killing  H.  C.  Lock  and  William  Ray. 

The   ocean  business  was   performed   by  the  steamships  Northerner,   Captain    Dall,   the  J'aeifie,   Cap  lin 

Patterson,  Panama,  French  and  Dall,  Columbia  and  Brother  Jonathan,  the  latter  arriving  on  her  first  trip  ui;  ler 

the    old   name   in    March.      Since   her  serious   difficulty    while  bearing   the  name    Commodore,   the   Califn  iiia 

Steam  Navigation  Company  had  expended   $37,txx3  in  repairs.     She  started  out  in  charge  of  Capt.  George  W. 

Staples,  and  iu  the  service  of  the  Columbia  Steam  Navigation  Company  secured  a  large  business  on  the  Nortlurn 


Cai'T.  William  K.  Bi-siinkll 


John  T.  'rMo.MAS 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Columbia  Marine  Industries 


87 


rort  •  (luring  the  Salmon  River  mining  excitement,  carrying  from  700  to  i,o<x>  passengers  at  a  trip.  In  1862  slie 
rail  ::i)in  San  F'ancisco  to  l\)rtland  in  sixty-nine  hours,  which  at  tliat  date  was  the  test  time  on  record.  After 
Slii''*'^  "'"*  killed  in  Portland,  De  Wolfe  coninianded  her  most  of  the  time.  On  June  14  i.S6i,  she  collided  with 
tlir  ;.arkcntine  /(/'/(■  •  /.  I'alkenherg  in  the  Columbia  River,  receiving  injuries  which  it  is  claimed  had  much  to  do 
wiih  licr  unseaworthy  condition  when  she  met  her  fate  a  few  days  later  (see  steamship  Commodore  awS.  wreck 
of  lii.'thir  /oiitilli(tii).  The  Cohimbin  ran  oidy  as  far  north  as  the  Columbia  River,  but  the  others  touched  at 
\'i(  ti.ria  and  all  of  the  Sound  ports.  The  Coiir:.  Captain  Huntington,  also  made  several  trips  to  the  Columbia. 
Wliili.'  the  fleet  of  ocean  steamships  did  not  compare  with  that  of  the  previous  sea.son,  yet  all  that  were  running 

proved  profitable.  Victoria  had  come  to  the  front  as  a  marine  center 
within  the  year,  and  the  Coloiiiit,  in  .setting  forth  the  importance  of  the 
city,  mentions  among  the  vessels  in  port,  June  25,  if*59.  llie  steamers  (Ulcr, 
(ioviiHor  /h  Hi; /lis,  Ciilidoiiiit,  (o/oiir/  Moody,  and  lUiza  Anderson,  the  ships 
'Ihames  Cily.'"  i'oriinlic,  /i/isa,  ai;.l  /■,'//(/,  harks  Jui/>/ini/es,  Carrie  /.ehiiid, 
and  Ctesar,  brigs  R'lile  /'osier  and  Hamburg,  steamship  l^'orn'ooJ,  and  the 
Government  vessels  Tribiine,  Salellile,  Pleiades,  and  Plumper. 

In  the  fall  of  iSsij  the  Enterprise,  one  of  the  pioneers  on  the  Fraser, 
was  taken  to  Gray's  Harbor  by  Capt.  Tom  Wright,  who  is  still  disgusted 
with  the  outcome  of  this  move.  After  snagging  the  steamer  three  times, 
he  finally  reached  the  he.idwaters  of  the  stream,  and,  when  one  of  the  four 
.settlers  who  comprised  tlie  enterprising  population  which  needed  steamboat 
transportation  so  badly  charged  him  fifty  dollars  for  a  small  ([uantity  of 
butter  and  eggs,  lie  abandoned  the  boat  and  returned  to  the  .Sound  overland. 
The  J-'nIerprise  afterward  made  a  trip  down  the  river  with  some  troops  and 
Government  freight,  for  which  Wright  received  a  very  handsome  sum,  but 
not  enough  to  recoup  him  for  the  losses  suffered  by  taking  her  away  from 
a  good  field  to  a  wilderness  where  there  was  next  to  nothing.  The  steamer 
was  eventually  dismantled  and  the  machinery  transported  overland  to  the 
.Sound.  Her  career  w.xs  a  notable  one,  and  she  is  said  to  have  received 
more  money  for  a  single  run  than  any  steamer  ever  operated  on  tlie  Fra.ser, 
having  been  paid  §25,000  for  a  special  trip  to  Murderer's  Har  and  return. 
Another  steamer  wliich  left  Victoria  this  year  was  the  little  I.eiiallnni. 
which  was  purchased  by  some  Astorians  and  taken  to  the  Columbia,  where 
she  was  operated  by  Sam  Sweeny  '•=  and  Irving  Stevens.  .She  attempted  tlie  Portland  and  Astoria  run  as  a 
passi.iii;cr  steamer,  but  was  too  small  and  slow.  In  the  spring  the  steamer  Julia,  which  had  been  taken  to  the 
Ciihinil)ia  the  year  before,  was  brought  back  to  the  Sound  by  Capt.  Thomas  Mountain.  She  was  put  on  the 
\iL'U)ria  route,  and  ran  there  for  a  few  months  in  command  of  Captain  Bushnell.  The 
I'liiud  Slates  steamship  A/assaeliusells  was  on  the  .Sound  the  greater  part  of  the  year, 
and  was  borrowed  for  a  few  trips  by  Capt.  J.  M.  Hunt  while  his  own  mail  steamer  was 
disabled. 

.\n  international  war  cloud  hovered  over  the  waters  of  I'uget  Sound  and  Rriti.sh 
Col'Mubia  for  a  few  months  in  1859,  calling  for  the  presence  of  several  war  vessels  of 
till-  nations  interested.  The  trouble  has  its  place  in  the  world's  history  under  the  title 
of  "Tile  .San  Juan  Dispute,"  and  was  caused  by  a  misinterpretation  of  the  boundary 
(k'cisidii  n'  1.S46.  Some  features  of  the  point  then  at  issue  had  been  wrangled  over 
liy  \'aii;.ou,er  and  Quadra  nearly  .seventy  years  before,  and  the  contentions  of  Great 
lirilaiii  were  at  that  time  far  from  pleasing  to  Spain  ;  but  she  was  not  strong  enough 
to  assert  her  rights,  and  the  Spanish  claims  in  the  Northwest  were  subsequently  ceded 
to  I'rance.  Napoleon  was  too  fully  occupied  with  the  .solution  of  Kuropean  complica- 
tions to  successfully  develop  and  protect  the  French  holdings  in  America,  and  the 
I.niiisiana  purchase  transferred  the  boundary  contention  to  the  United  States,  with 
tlie  vast  region  the  Northwestern  limits  of  which  included  the  disputed  territory.  The 
iliscovLiies  made  during  the  early  explorations  of  the  Spaniards,  and  of  Vancouver,  provided  a  basis  for  the 
treaty  of  1846,  and  the  line  between  the  United  States  and  the  British  dominions  was  fixed  at  the  Inrtyiiiiith 


\V.   TAVI.tlH 


CaIM.    IK\'1NU    SlHVKVS 


':!   as 


m 


■  Ml 


cllUM 
of  Cil] 


IK' 

lias 


"The  TliitiiiesCitvvtas  lUi  emigrant  ship  and  l>niiinlit  out  many  passengers  on  this  trip.     Ainont,' Ihcni  was  .1  Renins  who 
a  weekly  paper  on  tlic  voyage,  presenlint;  ineidenls  of  life  on  hoard  in  rhyme.     The  complete  file  is  now  in  possession 

't.  (leorge  Roherts  of  Victoria.     In  ilescrihinj^  the  departnre  from  London,  the  hard  says: 

A  ship  once  saileil  on  a  voyage  lonn.  with  sixscore  soMiers,  stout  and  strong. 
With  marrie<l  women  thirty  one,  thirty-four  children  plump  and  younj.;. 
'Samuel  Sweeney  was  horn  in  Ungl and   in    1S24,  and  came  to  California  in   1S50,  working  on  the  Panama  steamers  for 
irs.     He  went  to   Shoalwater   Bay  in   iS,';2,  and  comnienceil   sailing  plungers  from  llwaco  to  Astoria   that  year.     lie  was 
the  first  to  engage  in  the  oyster  trade,  and,  hefore  taking  the  I.eriiilliaii  around,  ran  plungers  between  points  on  the  bay. 

tr.iled  the  Leviathan  four  years  and  then  sold  her,  ami  continued  in  the  oyster  and  fish  business  with  sailing  vessels,     lie 
u  olT  the  water  for  several  years  and  is  now  living  at  IKvaco. 


1-    r  tjM-'  "i  ■ 


88 


Lewis  (J  Drydens  Marino  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


parallel.  On  the  discovery  that  the  extension  of  this  line  to  the  Pacific  included  a  portion  of  \'ancouver  Island 
within  the  confines  of  the  United  States,  the  wording  of  the  treaty  was  altered,  defining  the  iioundary  as 
follows:  "Westward  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  which 
separates  the  continent  from  Vancouver  Island,  thence  southerly  through  the  middle  of  said  channel  and  of 
Kuca  Straits  to  the  Pacific  Ocean."  Unfortunately  for  the  jieace  and  quiet  of  both  American  and  Knglish 
dwellers  in  that  vicinity  in  1.S51),  there  were  two  channels  lietween  Vancouver  I.sland  and  the  continent,  Knglaiid 
claiming  that  Rosario  Straits,  next  to  the  mainland,  was  the  channel  referred  to  in  the  treaty,  and  the  Americans 
asserting  that  the  Canal  de  Haro,  west  of  San  Juan  Island,  was  the  one  contemplated.  The  Ilud.son's  Hay 
Company  had  occupied  this  island  for  a  number  of  years,  using  it  principally  as  a  sheep  ranch,  and  the  immediate 
cau.se  of  the  di.spute  in  1850  was  a  quarrel  between  .some  of  their  men  and  an  American  living  on  the  island. 
General  Harney  ordered  a  company  of  soldiers  to  the  .scene,  and  Kngland  offset  this  action  by  .sending  the 
man-of-war  Saleltik,  Captain  Prevost,  to  guard  her  interests.  The  affair  created  much  excitement  on  both  sides 
of  the  border,  and  i)efore  it  was  settled  the  Hritish  war  vessels  Plumper.  G<in\;is.  Tribiini'  and  Satellite,  and  the 
American  vessels  Alassaehusetts.  .Ictive,  Jeff  /hivis  and  Sliubriek,  were  in  the  neighboring  waters,  prepared  to 
uphold  the  rights  and  dignity  of  their  respective  countries.  General  Scott  was  dispatched  from  Washington  t.j 
attend  to  the  American  side  of  the  case,  and  Commander  Prevost  of  the  Satellite  represented  the  British  claims. 
After  a  careful  inquiry  into  the  matter.  Great  Britain  gracefully  receded  from  the  position  she  had  taken,  and 
San  Juan  Island  became  the  undisputed  property  of  the  United  States. 

Notwithstanding  the  fairly   good  steaml>oat  facilities  on  the       ,  ..  .  .^        . 

Sound,  sailing  vessels  continued  to  increase  in  number,  and  all  were 
kept  busy.  The  celebrated  Capt.  "Jimmy  "  Jones  was  running  the 
schooner  Caroline  between  \'ictoria  and  Olympia,  and  occasionally 
made  very  fast  time.  Including  stops  at  Steilacoom,  Nisqually  and 
Bellview,  he  sailed  one  round  trip  in  four  days.  The  Eclipse,  Captain 
Barrington,  the  General  Harney, ^^  Captain  Roeder,  and  nearly  forty 
other  craft  of  similar  size,  were  plying  the  Sound  and  along  the  coast 
of  Vancouver  Island,  among  the  more  familiar  being  the  Victoria 
Packet,  which  six  years  later  was  scuttled  by  the  Cowichan  Indians, 
who  murdered  the  crew  ;  the  Surprise,  wrecked  in  Barclay  Sound  a 
decade  later  ;  the  Royal  Charlie,  whose  crew  were  subsequently 
massacred  by  the  savages  ;  the  lilack  Diamond,  which  a  quarter  of  a 
century  afterward  narrowly  escaped  making  serious  trouble  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  by  her  sealing  escapade.  The 
Francis  Helen,  Captain  Ray  ;  the  Wild  Pigeon,  Captain  Saunders  ; 
the  lilizabeth.  Captain  Melvin  ;  the  Cadboro,  Captain  Harris  ;  the 
Langley,  Captain  Dolholte ;  *  the  Harriet,  Island  Queen,  Kossuth, 
Lallah  Rookh,  Lizzie  Roberts,  Matilda  Heron,  Laura,  Mary  Ann, 
Morning  Star,  A'evada,  Pronto,  Roxer,  Reporter,  Surprise  and  Wild 
Duck.  The  schooner  D.  /..  Clinch,  Captain  Bunker,  distinguished  her- 
self by  taking  away  the  first  cargo  that  left  British  Columbia  for  a 
foreign  port.  She  sailed  from  New  Westminster  in  December  with 
sixty  thousand  feet  of  cabinet  wood  and  fifty  barrels  of  cranberries,  consigned  to  San  Frauci.sco.  Tlie  schooner 
Toxvanda  was  running  between  Victoria  and  the  Sandwich  Islands,  in  command  of  Captain  Keller,  one  of  the  old 
school  who  is  still  .sailing  the  ocean.     The  iUml)er  business  of  Puget  Sound  nad  assumed  large  proportions,  and 

"The  schooner  General  Haimy,  one  of  the  historic  crafl  of  the  Sound,  had  ijuite  an  eventful  career.  Iter  first  work 
was  carryiuK  hnnlicr  from  ftsalaily  to  Port  Townsend  to  be  used  in  the  erection  of  a  Catholic  church.  On  her  arrival  the  pmsi 
received  her  with  nincli  ceremony,  coming  ahoanl  to  lilcss  the  vessel.  She  was  next  em))loye<l  in  movin);  (juns  and  (■■overiinunl 
troops  from  Hellin^ham  Hay  to  San  Juan  dnrin)^  the  discussion  of  the  ownershi])  of  that  place.  In  iS6o  Ca])t.  H.  H.  I.loyil 
took  command,  and  carried  brick  and  lime  from  San  Juan  and  stone  from  Port  Drchard  for  the  fonmlation  of  the  Terrilonal 
University.  She  was  next  in  the  \'ictoria  trade  carrying  cattle,  and  in  1862  CajHain  (»ooilell  was  ])laced  in  charge  and  ran  lier 
between  Chuckanut  and  New  Westminster  as  a  stone  transport  until  1864,  when  Captain  Tucker  sailed  her  a  while  in  tliegential 
freij^hling  business.  Captain  Oberg  next  had  Iier  in  the  Seal)eck  and  Victoria  lumber  trade,  and  was  succeedeil  b\'  Cliris 
Williams.  In  1872  I.loyd  again  bought  an  interest  and  operated  her  for  the  next  ten  years.  In  1876  .she  caught  fire  with  :i 
cargo  of  lime  and  was  beached  in  Appletree  Cove.  In  187,5  most  of  the  material  used  iu  the  construction  of  the  penitentiary 
buildings  at  McNeil's  Island  was  transported  on  this  schooner. 

*Capt.  John  Uolholte,  who  was  master  of  the  Langley  this  year,  is  still  living  at  Nanaimo,  D.  C.  He  was  born  in 
Norway  in  1S19,  and  began  going  to  sea  when  a  boy.  In  1.S40  he  left  Norway  for  New  York,  anil  afler  speinling  eight  years  on  the 
Atlantic  Coast  went  to  San  I'V.iucisco  in  1849.  He  connnenced  coasting  on  lumber  vessels  in  the  Northwest,  ami  iu  i.Ss,^  bought  a 
small  .schooner,  ran  her  until  1857,  and  then  took  commainl  of  a  hunber  ship,  which  he  sulisei|Hently  left  to  go  to  the  Traser  KiviT 
mines,  where  he  w.as  unsuccesslnl.  He  eventually  returned  to  Port  Townsend  ami  took  charge  of  the  schooner  Ltutglt'y,  .f'tl 
afterward  worked  up  a  fine  business  supplying  the  war  vessels  at  Vii  iria  with  coal,  which  he  brought  ilown  from  Nanaimo.  Capt  '.ti 
Dolholte  continneil  in  this  vocation  until  i85i,  when  he  went  to  Nanaimo  and  settled  on  the  island  known  as  Jacks  Point.  He  h  iil 
first  visited  this  locality  to  store  some  goods  which  he  could  not  <lispose  of  during  a  trading  expedition  anu>ng  the  miners,  ami  beinji 
pleased  with  the  surroundings  applied  to  the  Government  for  a  title,  which  he  secured  about  ten  years  ago,  alterw.ard  selling  to  the 
Vancouver  Coal  Company  for  several  thousand  dollars,  but  retaining  a  life  lease  in  the  property  at  a  yearly  rental  of  twenty  I  ve 
cents.  Captain  Dolholte  retired  from  the  water  several  years  ago,  but  still  takes  a  lively  interest  in  the  development  of  the  mar  le 
industry. 


C.Ai'T.  John  Doi.iioltk 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Cohimbia  Marine  Industries 


89 


•-1 


CAPT.   U"|  1,1.1AM    J    Wdoni.KV 


the  ik'et  arriving  at  Victoria  and  ports  on  the  Sound  with  cargo  all  loaded  Imnlier  for  the  return  trip,  Teekalct,  or  as 
il  i^  now  called  Port  Gamble,  doing  the  largest  share  of  the  business.  The  fleet  in  this  traflfic  for  tlie  year  included 
aiiMHi,'  others  the  ships  A7«i,'  /Vii/Z/p,  Captain  Rollins;  .Inib.  Captain  Ivldridge  .////.iv  l.nvrencf.  Captain 
N'kkcrson  ;  //(i/'.s*«':i,''/(.  Captain  Oakes  f7(wxv.v.  Captain  Slatter  ;  Mjining  6Vi»r,  Captain  Hobbs  ;  Cnst  of  the 
\\\i:;\  Captain  Nickerson  ;  Alia  Thorndyke,  Captain  Thorndyke ;  Thames  City,  Captain  Glover;  the  barks 
I'l.^u  itint:  /)<•(»«/)',  Captain  Smith;  /'a/iny  .1/tijor,  Captain  VVoodley  ; '■  llarllord.  Captain  Morgan  ; /<•««(■  I'ord. 
Caplaiii  Monre.  and  the  brig  .SV<(  Nymph."  The  bark  Sfnalor  loaded  piles  at  Sooke  for  Shanghai,  and  the  bark 
li\iini(m  spars  and  piles  at  Seabeck  for  the  Amoor  River.  Several  vessels  were  in  the  coal  trade  to  Nauaimo  and 
IklliiiKham  Uay,  tlie  fim  of  Sinclair  &  Williams  of  San  Franci.sco  purchasing 
twelve  thousand  tons  of  liellingham  Bay  coal  at  $12.50  per  ton,  and  shipping  it 
to  the  Bay  City  in  sailing  ves.sels. 

The  British  ship  Ciomiha,  Captain  Nauuton,  while  loading  spars  in  Mood's 
C.iiial,  listed  over  during  a  gale  and  sank.  She  was  raised  without  much  diffi- 
cuUv  by  Captain  Blinn,  but  before  getting  away  with  her  freight  was  purchased 
by  Captain  Stamp  of  the  Barclay  Sound  Mills,  Her  cargo  cost  originally  about 
53,600,  and  it  brought  fifteen  thousand  pounds  in  Spain.  It  included  a  flagpole 
one  lunulred  and  fifty  feet  long,  which  Stamp  sent  as  a  sample  of  the  timber 
grown  in  Northwestern  forests.  The  ves.sel  was  afterward  renamed  and  ended 
her  days  as  the  Somass,  In  the  fall  the  bark  Glimpse"  ran  aground  near  the 
entrance  to  Victoria  harbor  and  was  sold  to  Henry  Roeder,  who  repaired  her 
at  Port  Ludlow  and  operated  her  for  a  short  time  afterward.  Among  the  coasters 
of  former  years  still  running  between  San  Francisco  and  northern  ports  were 
the  Ork,  Live  Yankee,  What  Cheer,  Colonist,  Langley,  Persevere,  Manliist  and 
S'lihumkeag.  An  important  addition  to  the  fleet  was  the  bark  Industry,^'  which 
arrived  from  New  York  in  command  of  Paul  Corno,  with  general  merchandise 
for  Portland.  The  .schootier  Faraxiay."'  Capt.  George  Trofutter,  made  a  record  for  long  passages,  being  out  forty 
days  from  Astoria  for  Yaquina,  and  finally  putting  back  to  the  starting  point. 

A  good-sized  vessel,  the  brig  Arago,  was  launched  at  Coos  Bay.  She  was  liiiilt  at  North  Bend  for 
A.  M.  Simpson  by  a  man  named  McDonald  and  entered  the  coasting  trade,  which  she  followed  for  several  years. 
With  the  exception  of  the  steamers  previou.sly  mentioned  this  was  the  most  important  craft  built  in  the  Northwest 
in  1S59. 

The  boiler  of  the  C"ij/<'(i'i'«/(/  exploded  November  2,  1859,  while  on  a  trip  from  Victoria  to  Kraser  River, 
killing  the  fireman,  Charles  Green,  and  injuring  Engineer  Allen,  Fireman  Riley,  Thomas  Burrell,  Thomas 
Alexander  and  Joe  Lewis.    Capt.  James  C.    Halsey  and  five  others  escaped  unhurt.     The   steamer   was   badly 

'■■  Capt.  William  J.  WooiUey  was  bom  in  I'roviitence,  R.  I.,  in  1S25,  anil  coinnieneuil  sailing;  on  lliu  .Mlaiitic  in  iSj;,  reniainiii); 
ill  tin;  co.istiiij,'  traile  for  nine  years  unil  then  sailing  in  deep-water  ships  nntil  1S49,  when  he  came  to  tlie  I'luific  and  purchased  the 
steamer  .S"i«  Juan,  with  which  he  traded  along  the  southern  coast.  He  then  spent  two  years  in  the  mines,  and  in  1S52  took 
cunmmnd  of  the  schooner  Sierra  Nevada,  whicli  he  ran  to  the  .Sandwich  Islaiiils,  hut,  finding  it  impossihle  to  linilil  up  a  profitable 
irailc,  Iclt  that  route  and  took  charge  of  the  brig  il'yandolle,  sailing  to  Humboldt  for  three  years  and  then  selling  her  in  Valparaiso 
ill  iSsb.  The  next  two  years  he  spent  in  the  brig  Gcori^c  Emery,  plying  to  ilnmholdt,  Coos  Hay  and  the  Cohimbia  River,  and  in 
1S5S  he  ])urchased  an  inierest  in  the  bark  Fanny  Major,  ojieratiug  her  in  the  I'uget  Sound  and  Mexican  trade.  Since  that  time  he 
has  been  running  North  on  the  Janelle,  schooner  Dashazvay,  brigs  f/idalxo,  Colorado  and  ll'itlinianlii.  When  the  steamer 
Olynifiiii  was  placed  on  the  Humboldt  route,  he  joined  her  as  pilot  with  Captain  Thorn.  Since  1S7S  he  has  remained  ashore  the 
greater  part  of  the  time,  and  is  at  l)resent  living  in  San  I'rancisco. 

'The  brig  -SViJ  Nympli,  which  arriveil  at  Victoria  this  year,  was  twelve  months  on  the  way  out  from  Iviigland.  The 
e.iplaiu  and  both  of  his  mates  drank  heavily  during  the  voyage,  and  they  coasteil  all  the  way  out,  in  order  not  to  lose 
lli.niselves.  When  olT  the  coast  of  Mexico  the  passengers  ilecided  to  relieve  them  of  further  responsibility  and  turned  the 
navigation  of  the  ship  over  to  a  lawyer  named  Courtney.  He  maile  a  very  fair  success  of  the  business,  bringing  her  safely  into 
the  Straits,  where  she  was  met  by  a  pilot.  The  owners  of  the  vessel  presented  Courtney  with  his  passage  money,  and  I.loyds  also 
reineinbered  him  substantially,  h'rom  \'ictoria  the  brig  went  to  Port  Gamble  for  a  cargo  of  lumber,  anil  while  there  the  captain 
liail  all  attack  of  the  "tremens"  anil  shot  himself  in  his  cabin.  The  bark  was  then  purchased  by  Capt.  .\.  S.  Murray  for  fS.ooo, 
and  he  loaded  his  new  steamboat  for  the  Antipodean  rivers  and  started  on  his  long  voyage,  a  crowd  of  his  friends  going  out  to 
Ks({iiiiiialt  to  see  him  off. 

'The  bark  CHimpse  was  built  at  Newbury,  N.  V.,  in  1S56.  After  being  released  from  the  rocks  at  Clover  Point  she  was  jml 
iu  llie  coasting  Irtide,  following  it  for  thirteen  years.  Ill  i.S7,i  she  was  purchased  by  Henderson  it  Mcl'arlane  of  New  Zealand  and 
registered  under  the  British  flag.  They  paid  |i  2,000  for  the  vessel  and  operated  her  three  or  four  years  in  the  intercolonial  traffic. 
She  was  next  sold  to  J.  M.  Dargaville,  who  ran  her  two  years  in  the  China  trade  anil  then  sold  her  to  Stone  Bros.,  Dunedin,  New 
Zealand.  The  new  owners  sailed  her  in  the  .-Vustralia  and  I'uget  Soiiiul  Inniber  business,  where  she  coiiliuned  until  i,S8i,  when  she 
fouiiikred  240  miles  off  the  coast  of  .Australia,  while  en  route  from  I'liget  Sound  to  Mell  urne.  The  captain,  his  son,  two  mates  and 
tile  ludk  were  drowned. 

'The  bark  Industry,  which  arrived  this  year,  was  built  at  Stockton,  Me.,  in  I.HjS,  by  her  master,  Paul  Corno,  who  had  sailed 
tile  ■'(■liooner  Susan  .-Ibi^at  for  a  time  and  made  a  great  deal  of  money.  I-imling  this  vessel  too  small,  he  wert  I-iast  and  secured 
the  tndustry.  With  him  as  mate  came  M.  I).  St.iples,  who  afterward  became  a  well  known  bar  pilot  and  tng'x.atman.  Corno  did 
a  thriving  business  until  the  industry  w.as  lost  on  the  bar  in  1865  (see  wreck  of  Industry,  KS65)  She  was  a  smart  sailer  of  about  three 
liiui'hecl  tons,  with  the  following  dimensions  :  length,  one  hundred  and  eight  feet ;  beam,  twenty  seven  feet;  and  ten  feet  six  inches 
'lepili  of  hold.  In  her  day  she  was  looked  upon  as  a  good-sized  vessel  for  the  port  of  I'ortland,  and  in  mentioning  her  return  from  a 
trip  111  1S64  the  Oregonian  says  :  "  She  came  well  freighted,  and  under  the  skillful  nianageiiienl  cf  I'ilot  Gilman  had  no  difliculty 
in  entering  the  Wibamette,  drawing  twelve  feet." 

"The  Faraway,  built  at  K.ssex,  Conn.,  in  1,848,  was  one  of  the  smallest  s'-hooncrs  that  came  out  from  the  Kast  before  the 
peoiile  on  this  coast  began  to  build  their  own  vessels.  She  was  sixty-seveu  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  five  inches 
hold,  registering  seventy-seveu  tons. 


if' 
li 


J;     '""Ji, , 


i  *• 


Vrt\   t 


1  .-,?:■ 
11. 


■Ma 

'.kir 


\ 


!'  1 


,1  ■ 

hI 

';  ii-i 

j,  \' ; 

.  ™  .i!li 


go 


ieif/s  4  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwust 


ill 


wrecked  ami  drifted  helplessly  in  the  Rulf  for  twenty-eight  hours  liefore  she  finally  went  ashore  near  Orcas  Islainl. 
The  hull  was  afterward  repaired  and  the  craft  (lut  in  commission,  hut  a  few  ycirs  later  another  holier  gave  wiiv, 
abruptly  terminating  the  career  of  this  pioneer. 

The  small  schooner  A'i>sf  o/'  /.ii>ii;/< y  foundered  in  the  Straits  of  Fnca,  February  2jd,  and  Alcxan<ler  Hume 
and  James  Marshall  were  drowned.  The  schooner  Kainhlcr,  Capt.  A.  J.  Tuthill,  sailed  from  Neah  IJay,  December 
2 1  St.  consigned  to  William  !•".  Walton  &  Co.,  San  I'ratici.sco,  with  a  cargo  of  oil,  peltries,  etc,  which  she  h.id 
secured  in  a  trading  voyage  north.  No  trace  of  the  crew,  consisting  of  four  mcTi,  was  ever  found,  but  the  ve.sscl 
came  ashore  a  few  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  during  the  following  March. 

The  northern  Indians,  who  two  years  before  had  murdered  ex-Collector  of  Customs  I.  N.  Hl)ey,  were  guilty  uf 
another  dastardly  crime  in  1H59,  destroying  two  schooners  and  mas.sacring  their  crews.  The  A'/«c  //Vw.i,',  owned 
by  Ivrnest  Schroter  of  Steilacoom,  and  the  A/Aw  .Waii'd.  Captain  Mclleiirie,  left  Steilacoom  for  I'ort  Townsend. 
January  2,sth,  and  for  months  no  trace  of  them  could  be  discovered.  In  Ajiril  an  Indian  reported  at  Steilacomn 
that  a  small  ves.sel  had  been  destroyed  at  Vashon  Island  and  her  crew  killed ;  this  rumor  was  followed  up 
until  the  particulars  of  the  horrible  affair  came  to  light.  As  the  /l/ur  IF/«c  was  passing  the  north  end  of  X'ashon 
I.sland  she  was  attacked  by  a  party  often  Indians  and  five  scpiaws,  who  murdered  the  crew  and  plundered  and 
scuttled  the  schooner.  They  afterward  attacked  the  /Mii  .JAina,  and  Captain  McHenrie  ordered  them  away  as 
they  attempted  to  boanl  the  vessel,  and  when  they  refused  to  leave  fired  on  them,  killing  a  brother  of  Mydah 
Jim,  the  leader  of  the  pirates,  and  wounding  another  Indian,  The  savages  retreated,  but  returned  at  midnight 
while  the  schooner  was  lying  at  anchor,  murdered  all  hands  and  burned  the  .schooner.  Another  Indian 
outrage,  which  fortunately  did  not  result  in  loss  of  life,  was  perpetrated  on  the  brig  Su'/ss  Hoy.  The  vessel,  in 
command  of  Captain  Weldon,  .sailed  from  Port  Orchard  for  San  h'ranci.sco,  January  2.Sth.  sprung  a  leak  Jaiuiary 
31st,  and  put  into  Nitnat  Sound  intending  to  beach  and  repair.  The  next  day  she  was  boarded  by  .several  hundreil 
Indians,  who  stripped  every  particle  of  rigging  from  the  ves.sel,  .sent  the  mainmast  over  the  side,  pillaged  llie 
cabin  and  robbed  the  sailors  of  their  clothing.  The  entire  crew  were  held  prisoners  for  .several  days,  but  finally 
escaped  and  reached  Victoria  on  the  schooner  .Uoniiiii;  S/m;  Capt.  Hugh  McKay.  H.  M.  S.  Salel/ile.  which  was 
lying  at  IJs([uimalt  at  the  time,  was  sent  to  punish  the  miscreants.  Some  of  the  plunder  was  recovered,  and  the 
chief  was  arrested  and  taken  to  \'ictoria,  much  to  the  surprise  of  the  natives,  who  had  entertained  the  belief  that 
the  "George's  men,"  as  they  called  the  Ivnglish,  would  be  much  jileased  to  have  them  do  away  with  a  "  Hostoii 
ship."  Captain  Prevost  gave  '  Uem  some  emphatic  warnings  against  a  repetition  of  the  offen.se,  and  after  a 
short  term  in  the  Victoria  jail  the  chief  was  permitted  to  depart. 

The  American  clipper  ship  Northern  luigle,  a  Newbur>'port  vessel  of  664  tons  register,  in  command  of 
Capt.  Thomas  McKinney,  came  into  Ivsqnimalt  from  San  Francisco,  September  21st,  with  about  twenty  tons  of 
miscellaneous  freight  for  Victoria,  intending  to  discharge  the  next  day  and  go  to  one  of  the  Sound  ports  for 
lumber.  That  night  she  caught  fire,  was  burned  to  the  water's  edge,  nothing  being  saved  from  the  wreck.  11 
was  surmised  that  the  crew  had  a  hand  in  the  application  of  the  torch,  but  it  was  not  proved,  and  they  returned 
to  San  Francisco  on  one  of  the  ocean  steamships.  The  bark  Mary  /•'.  Sladt\  which  had  been  added  to  the  Halch 
&  Webber  line  of  packets  during  the  year,  was  wrecked  near  Cape  Mendocino,  September  6tli.  She  was  en  roiilc 
to  San  Francisco  from  Steilacoom  with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  and  was  thrown  on  the  beach  in  thick  weather  by  a 
tremendous  swell.     The  crew  escaped,  but  the  vessel  was  a  total  loss. 

Paramount  to  all  other  marim  enterprises  which  had  been  projected  in  the  Northwest  was  the  formation  of 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  which,  from  the  date  of  its  inception  in  1.S60,  was  a  numey-maker,  and 
in  a  very  few  years  the  small  fleet  of  what,  in  this  day  and  age,  would  be  called  insignificant  steamers,  swelled 
into  proportions  that  made  that  company  the  financial  wonder  of  the  generation  in  which  it  flourished.  The 
original  fleet  was  succeeded  by  magnificent  ocean  steamships  and  palatial  river  and  sound  steamers,  any  one 
of  which  cost  more  than  the  value  of  the  entire  fleet  at  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  company.  Skillful 
management  of  the  grand  opportunities  for  busine.ss  on  the  waterways  of  the  Northwest  accumulated  the  money 
with  which  one  of  the  best  paying  railroad  properties  in  the  world  was  constructed.  Nearly  all  of  the  pioneer 
steamboatmen  of  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  were  interested  to  some  extent  in  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company,  but  probably  more  credit  is  due  to  Jacob  Kamm  and  Capt.  J.  C.  Ainsworth'"  than  to  the  others  who 

''Capt.  J.  C.  Aiiisworlli  was  Imrii  in  .Si)rinKt)oroiigli,  Warren  Cininty,  Ohio,  June  6,  I.S22,  ami  on  tlie  Mississippi  Rivir 
received  his  first  lessons  in  the  profession  wliioli  atlerward  niaile  hiiM  raiiions.  .After  lieconiiiig  of  age,  he  rose  (piickly  to  the  positimi 
of  i)ilot.  anil  subse(|ueiilly  to  that  of  master  on  a  passenger  steamer  plying  between  St.  Louis  and  np-river  points.  It  was  wliile 
in  this  service  that  he  first  heard  of  the  Kold  discoveries  in  California  ami  of  the  wonderful  pi)ssil>ilities  for  labor  ami  capit  li 
in  that  faraway  land.  He  journeyed  to  San  I'rancisco  in  i.S^i)  with  William  C.  Ralston,  and  soon  after  his  arrival  went  to  Orej^oii  i" 
take  command  of  the  Lot  Whilcotiib.  His  life  in  the  Northwest  from  this  lime  until  he  retired  tiearly  tliirty  years  afttrwanl  1^ 
inseparably  associated  with  the  marine  pursuits  with  which  this  history  deals,  and  to  his  thoroughly  practical  knowletlge  of  all  "t" 
tlie  details  of  steamboating  aiul  his  rare  business  judgment  was  due  the  marvelous  success  achieved  bv  the  great  transi>ortaliiMi 
company,  in  which  he  was  the  leading  s])int  from  the  lime  of  its  inception  until  it  was  finally  merged  into  the  Oregon  Kailw:iv 
it  Navigation  Company.  While  Captain  .-Vinsworth  made  for  himself  a  reputation  as  a  remarkable  fiimncier  among  the  nioni  \' 
kings  ou  both  sides  of  the  continent,  yet  lie  always  remaiueil  a  firm  friend  of  the  laboring  classes.  Retrenchment,  with  him, 
never  commenced  with  the  reduction  of  salaries,  and  haggling  over  a  few  dollars  with  this  or  that  man  was  a  polic>'  he  despise!. 
"Ciivc  the  boys  good  salaries"  was  a  sentiment  which  he  always  expressed,  and  the  "boys,"  since  grown  gray  in  laboring  I'  r 
less  appreciative  masters,  will  never  forget  the  kind-hearted  employer  who  apj)reciated  gootl  service  and  acknowledged  it  in  t 
substantial  manner.  As  an  indication  of  the  regard  in  which  Captain  Ainsworth  was  held  by  the  people  of  the  upper  country,  fp'ia 
whom  much  of  the  revenue  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  derived,  an  extract  from  an  article  published  in  T!  - 
Dalles  Inland  Empire  after  Aiusworlb  had  retired  is  herewith  given  :  "  He  has  been  at  all  times  a  gentlemanly  public  servant,  1 


f4 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Columbia' Marine  Industries 


9« 


wvm  connected  witli  the  company  at  the  start.  Soon  after  llie  ( \iriii-  l.udd  was  built,  Kanini  and  Ainsworth  met 
111  San  Francisco,  and  while  there  discnssed  the  sitivition  in  Oregon.  Kamm  had  the  mail  contract  on  the  Oregon 
Cily  route,  and  his  other  partners,  Ahernethy  ^i  Clark,  had  the  handling  of  a  large  amount  of  freight.  The 
n-iill  of  this  consultation  was  a  decision  to  attempt  the  consolidation  of  all  of  the  steamboat  interests  under  one 
ni.iiiiigenient,  in  order  to  reduce  the  exi)ense  of  operation  and  at  the  same  time  enable  them  to  necure  better  rates. 
K.iiiun.  Ainsworth  and  Gilinan  controlled  the  steamers  Carrie  l.iuid,  Jiiiiiif  Clark  and  /\\ffris.<,  and  the  first 
move  was  to  charter  the  SeTiorila  and  the  Mounlain  /link:  This  gave  tluiii  practically  the  control  of 
ti.itisportalion  facilities  on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette,  an  agreement  having  been  made  with  Capt.  Richard 
Ilii\  t  (if  the  Miilhiomah  that  he  should  have  the  Astoria  route  as  long  as  he  wanted  it. 

All  of  the  important  details  having  been  perfected,  tue  pool  known  as  the  L'nion  Transportation  Company 
vas  .succeeded  by  the  Oregon  Steam  TJavigalion  Company.  Ah  will  l)e  seen,  Kamm,  Ainsworth  and  their 
.i^Miciates  had  tlie  arrangements  in  good  working  order  below  the  Cascades  from  the  begiiniing,  and  with  little 
(lilluiiUy  the  steamers  Mary  anil  /faisalo  on  the  middle  river  were  brought  into  line,  while  a  few  on  the  lower 
river  of  lesser  im|>ortance,  like  the  liidepiiidiiue,  were  either  coaxed  or  whipped  in.  completing  the  monopoly  as  far 
ii).  as  The  I'alles.  Aliove  this  point  Thompson  iS:  Coe.  with  the  ( 'olouil  W'rii^ht,  were  enjoying  a  monopoly  of  their 
HUM,  which  was  paying  dividends  of  a  magnitude  never  equaled  by  a  .steamboat  before  or  since;  and,  as  the  rush  to 
the  interior  had  already  .set  in,  they  realized  that  they  were  in  a  position  to  dictate  terms  to  the  big  corporation 
iliiwii  the  stream;  for,  at  the  best,  it  would  be  many  months  before  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  could 
eipiip  a  steamer  to  run  on  the  ujiper  river.  A  generous  allowance  having  been  made  for  the  advantages  held  by 
llic  up-river  men,  they  were  finally  induced  to  consolidate,  and  on  December  jy,  rsrio,  the  Oregon  Steam 
Niivigatioii  Company  was  incorporated  at  Vancouver  under  the  laws  of  Washington  Territory  with  the  following 
named  shareholders,  each  subscribing  the  amount  of  stock  set  opposite  their  names:  I,.  W.  Coe,  fm  shares; 
R.  R.  Thomp.son,  un;  J.  C.  Ainsworth,  40;  T.  W.  Lyles,  76;  A.  H.  Barker,  V' :  Josiah  Myrick,  12:  C.  W. 
P.ipo,  4  :  Jacob  Kamm,  57  :  J.  M.  Oilman.  4  ;  George  W.  Hoyt,  ,^  ;  I.add  vS:  Tilton,  ,So  :  J.  W.  l.add,  4  ;  S.  G. 
Rial.  ."1:  Henjamin  Start.  19;  Richard  Williams,  7  ;  total,  542  shares.  The  superior  value  of  that  portion  of  the 
Miw  line  owned  by  Thompson  &  Coe  was  recognized  by  giving  them  a  nuich  larger  block  of  the  stock  than  any 
other  faction.  Ladd  it  Tilton,  the  bankers,  had  rendered  some  financial  assistance  to  the  owners  of  the  steamers 
Mciintain  liitck  and  SeTiorila,  and  in  this  way  secured  an  interest  in  the  corporation  in  which  the  senior  member  of 
the  banking  firm  afterward  became  quite  a  power.  Two  years  after  the  WasMngton  organization  it  was 
incorporated  under  the  Oregon  laws,  with  head(|uarlers  at  Portland,  October  liS,  i,s62.  The  ca|)ital  stock  was 
placed  at  $2,000,000,  divided  into  4,000  shares,  owned  as  follows  :  Itradford  &  Co.,  738  shares  ;  R.  K.  Thompson, 
'17.'  ;  Harrison  Olmstead,  55*^  ;  Jacob  Kamm,  ,VS4  :  !<■  W.  Coe,  t,;-,(i  ;  T.  W'.  Lyles,  210  ;  J.  C.  Ainsworth,  18.S  ; 
A.  H.  Barker,  160;  S.  G.  Reed,  I2,S  ;  I.add  &  Tilton,  7.S  ;  Josiah  Myrick,  66;  Richard  Williams,  4S  :  A.  N. 
Orenzebach,  52  ;  J.  W.  Ladd,  4,8  ;  J.  M.  Oilman,  44  ;  1'.  I".  Doland,  42  ;  Iv.  J.  Weeks,  42  ;  S.  G.  Reed,  agent,  40  ; 
j.  W.  I<ad(l.  40;  Joseph  Bailey,  36;  O.  Humason,  34;  J.  S.  Ruckel,  24;  George  W.  Iloyl,  i.S  ;  Ladd  &  Tilton, 
I'l;  J.  H.  Wliittle.sey,  .S.  The  achievements  of  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company  from  this  period  until 
it  was  finally  merged  into  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  form  an  important  portion  of  the  marine 
lii--tory  of  the  Northwest,  and  will  receive  due  mention  in  the  chronicles  which  follow.  It  immediately  entered 
upon  a  career  of  marvelous  prosperity,  which  never  (lagged  from  the  time  of  its  inception,  and  the  company 
continued  to  grow  in  influence  and  wealth  until,  from  the  humble  beginning  made  by  the  insignificant 
sterr.wheelers  like  the  Carrie  I. add,  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  its  successors  had  become  a 
IKiwer  in  the  money  centers  of  two  continents.  Whatever  may  be  said  about  the  monopolistic  features  of  the 
corporation,  the  fact  remains  that  no  similar  company  ever  existed  which  was  so  successful  in  keeping  the 
good  will  of  the  people.  No  worthy  traveler  was  ever  refused  passage  on  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company's  steamers  becau.se  he  happened  to  be  penniless,  and  many  a  man  was  not  only  carried  free  but  was  given 


l.iilhful  custdiliaii  of  Ihc  iiilerusls  of  liis  lellow  slotkliolclcrs,  ami  the  most  ei|iiital>lv  ami  iiiercilul  of  employiTS.  Ill  tiiii;  lie  lias  liccii 
;i  nooil  frieiiil  to  friciiils  ami  a  sleiii  foe  to  enemies.  His  liroacl  sense  of  jusliee  lias  iiiaile  liiiii  llie  ohjei-t  of  an  almost  filial 
ilvi^rec  of  ftfleclion  from  liis  em|ik)yees,  ami,  to  his  saj^acilv  in  making  three  voluntary  reductions  of  frei^^ht  rates  without 
(■iiiupiilsioii  in  five  years'  lime,  the  Krowlli  ami  eNpausioii  of  the  eastern  empire  are  larjjely  attrihiitahle"  Captain  .Vinsworth's 
fricuilsliip  for  his  early  companion,  \V.  0.  Kalstou,  laslcil  until  the  tra;;ic  ileatli  of  the  faimms  hanker,  ami  in  this  coniieclion  the 
l,illi)win(i  story  was  told  ill  the  San  I'rancisco  ExiiiiiiHti  :  "  When  Captain  .\iiisHnrth  and  \V.  C.  Kalstim  arrived  in  California  they 
separated,  Ralston  remainiii).;  in  San  I'rar.cisco  to  eiinane  in  the  hankiii;;  liiisines>  with  Va\\..  lie  Kelly,  while  Captain  .\iiisworlli  went 
t(i  OrcHoii  ami  he^'an  steamhoaliiiH  on  the  Willainelte  Uiver.  Ivich  was  successful,  and  one  day  .\iiis\vortli  saw  a  chance  to  increase 
lii'^  forliiue  if  he  could  liecome  possesseil  of  Ji.io.iHjii  in  cash.  lie  wanted  that  aiuouut  very  badly,  so  he  went  to  San  l''rancisco 
and  c.dled  on  his  old  friend,  \V.  C.  Kalstou,  for  assistance.  The  details  of  the  plan  were  outlined  and  the  necessary  money  was 
pniiiiptly  advanced  on  a  sixty-ilay  note.  When  Mr.  Kelly  returneil  fnmi  a  trip  liast,  he  looked  over  the  alTairs  of  the  inslitutioii 
and  noted  this  transaction.  He  was  much  displeaseil  with  the  loan  and  insisted  upon  its  immeiliale  recall,  Ralston  defemled 
Ills  action  warmly  hut  ntisuccessfully,  and  some  words  passed  hclween  the  partners.  In  the  meantitne  .Miisworth  had  ^oiie  to 
Orhoii,  and  the  cnstonmry  notice  was  del.iyed  until  the  sailin;,'  of  the  next  steamer,  .\iiiswortli  coucludeil  the  deal,  cleaned 
U|i  soiiiethiii(!  ''l^o  :f  100,000  and  starteil  llie  borrowed  money  homeward  within  a  few  days,  and  the  vessel  which  carried  the  recall 
passed  the  luouey  on  its  way  to  the  hank.  This  transaction  so  an^;ered  Ralston  that  he  witlnlrew  from  the  partnership  and 
opened  tile  Hank  of  California."  Before  retiring  from  the  OruKon  Steam  Navifjation  Company.  Captain  .\inswortli  investeil  largely 
in  real  estate  in  Tacoma,  and  was  ])roniineiitly  identified  with  the  construction  of  the  Northern  I'acilic  lielween  the  Columbia 
Kivir  and  I'uget  Sound.  In  i.SSo  he  removed  to  Oakland,  Cat.,  where  he  became  interested  in  local  baiikiii);.  and  suhseiiuently 
eNjioiteil  the  famous  watering-place  at  Redondo  Meacli,  expending  uearlv  J^.ihmi.ikx)  in  transfoi  niing  it  i.ito  one  of  the  finest 
sii-ide  resorts  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Captain  .-Musworth  died  at  his  home  near  Oakland,  Deceniher  VL  '^9,?.  ''"'l  few  if  any  of 
till,  pioneers  in  the  tnarlne  business  of  the  Northwest  have  left  a  record  which  will  prove  more  lasting  or  more  creditable. 


f    •    I  r;,ii| 


I  ■'. 


It 


'i 


1      ' 

I      I 


I  1 


1  1 


i  i 


f 


9> 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


his  nteflls  ns  well,  No  ironclnd  rules  prevented  the  pursers  from  usiiiH  their  own  discretion  in  cases  where  ,iii 
appeal  to  head(|uartors  was  temporarily  out  of  the  i|Ucstion,  and  no  injustice  was  tolerated  liy  the  mauaKcnU'iii 
The  first  serious  attempt  at  op|>osition  encountered  by  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  from  the  olil 
steamer  /ii/i'a,  which  was  l)rought  around  from  the  Sound,  hut  was  temporarily  disposed  of  with  a  subsidy  ami 
afterward  Imught  outright.  Colonel  Kuckel  built  the  /ifd/io  on  the  middle  river,  but  she  was  promptly  absorbiil, 
and  opposition  in  this  section  ceased  for  <iuite  a  while.  Jacob  Kamm  was  appninted  chief  engineer  of  the  company 
and  during  his  ri\'iuie  the  steamers  '/'<»ino,  ()kiiHi>i;tni,  W'lh/oot.  Cflilo  and  (hiioiiltt  were  constructed.  Capt. 
Lawrence  Coe  was  appointed  manager  at  The  Dalles,  and  in  iH6^  went  Ivast  and  purchased  the  bark  \V.  .1 .  /iaiii,, 
loading  her  with  railroad  iron  and  material  for  the  portage  railroad,  among  the  cargo  being  two  locomotives. 
Soon  after  his  return,  Coe  sold  his  interests  and  went  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  has  since  resided.  The  new 
company  entered  business  under  very  favorable  auspices.  Ivarly  in  its  existence  the  Salmon  River  gdld 
excitement  brought  a  horde  of  miners  into  the  country,  and  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  reaped  inoie 
of  a  golden  harvest  in  transporting  them  than  any  of  the  trea.sure-seekers  secured  from  the  mines.  Tlie  wondLrlul 
resources  of  the  new  Northwest  were  now  beconung  known  as  they  had  never  been  before,  and  the  tide  of 
immigration  set  in  full  and  strong. 

While  the  organization  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Com|)any  late  in  the  year  was  the  most  important 
event  of  i860,  the  Willamette  River  boats  and  a  few  others  whose  owners  did  not  immediately  join  their  fortunes 
with  the  big  corporation  continued  to  find  plenty  of  Imsiness.  The  steamers  (>«?i'(jn/,  A'l/i'r/,  Siir/>r/sf  aiu\  lUk 
were  rumiing  on  the  Willamette,  with  Theodore  Wygant  as  Portland 
agent  for  all  of  them,  while  Captain  Hoyt  and  his  Miitlnomah  1 
remained  undisturbed  in  the  Astoria  trade.  The  /•Express,  in  com- 
mand of  Capt.  James  Strang,'"  was  on  the  Oregon  City  route,  con- 
necting with  the  Yamhill  river  steamer  /niiits  Clinlon.  .She  met 
with  disaster  in  the  spring,  sinking  near  Oswego,  but  was  afterward 
rai.sed  with  little  difficulty  and  continued  on  the  run.  Steam  vessels 
had  been  plying  the  waters  of  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  for 
fully  a  decade,  when,  in  i860,  a  genius  at  Corvallis  decided  that 
they  were  too  expensive  to  operate,  so  he  rigged  a  craft  with  tread- 
mill machinery,  and  cattle  and  hay  for  motive  power.  Coming  down 
stream  on  the  first  trip,  the  vessel  ran  or  rather  walked  ashore  at 
McGooglin's  Slough,  where  she  rciuained  until  the  cattle  had  devoured 
nearly  all  the  fuel.  She  was  finally  pulled  off  by  the  steamer  Onwarii 
and  paddled  on  down  to  Canemah,  but  did  not  have  sufficient  power 
to  return,  and  the  skipper  was  obliged  to  .sell  his  oxen,  and  the  scow 
subsequently  went  over  the  falls.  This  method  of  competing  with 
steamboats  has  not  been  tried  since.  The  steamer  A'mi/  was  built  at 
Oregon  City  by  Capt.  George  Pease,  who  was  her  first  master.  A.sso- 
ciated  with  him  were  the  Dements  of  Oregon  City.  She  was  started 
on  the  route  between  that  point  and  Portland,  with  the  announcement 
that  she  had  come  to  stay  and  keep  the  rates  down,  and  was  not  put 
on  with  a  view  to  being  bought  or  run  off,  and  her  owners  were 
willing  to  make  long-time  contracts  at  the  rate  of  $2  per  ton  for 
freight  and  50  cents  per  head  for  pa.s.setigers  between  terminal  points. 
from  Oregon  City  to  Vancouver,  carrving  700  passengers,  a  load  which  Captain  Pea.se  stated  kept  him  breathiiij.; 
hard  from  the  time  he  started  until  he  saw  them  safely  ashore.  Captain  Pease  .sold  his  interest  in  the  A'/;v//, 
two  months  after  her  completion,  to  Capt.  J.  T.  Apperson,  and  from  his  hands  she  pa.ssed  into  the  possession  ol 
the  People's  Transportation  Company.  The  kind  of  freight  handled  a  third  of  a  century  ago  is  shown  in  tlic 
following  copy  of  the  steamer's  manifest,  February  4,  1.S61  :  "  315  boxes  of  apples,  27  packages  produce,  29  l)oxi> 
eggs  and  butter,  ,^i  sacks  and  66  cases  of  bacon,  6  packages  furs,  i  case  fruit  trees,  2  bales  merchandise,  lu 
coops  chickens."  While  in  the  service  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  the  A'iid/  was  in  comniaii.l 
of  Capt.  E.  W.  Baughman  most  of  the  time,  and  during  her  last  days  was  used  as  a  spare  boat,  to  take  the  phui- 
of  the  Sciialor  on  the  Oregon  City  route.  The  dimensions  of  the  steamer  were  :  length,  1 10  feet ;  beam,  24  feet . 
depth,  4  feet  8  inches. 

The  steamer  Idaho,  still  running  on  Puget  Sound,  has  probably  retained  her  original  shape  longer  aiul 
seen  more  years  of  actual  .service  than  any  inland  steamer  that  ever  ran  in  the  Northwest.     She  was  constructed  ;U 

'"C.ipt.  James  Strang  was  born  in  Carlton,  111.,  April  28,  i.Sj6,  and  began  steamboat ing  on  tlie  Missis.sippi  at  a  very  early  a^i. 
He  came  to  llie  I'acitic  Coast  in  the  fifties  and  entercil  the  service  on  the  Oregon  City  route  early  in  1S57,  running  tlu 
steamers  Expyess  HmXJt'HHit'  Cim/c.  From  this  position  he  went  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  ran  the  steainir 
Julia  to  the  Cascades  and  the  Ftiiiiiu'  Troup  on  the  Cowlitz  line.  He  remained  with  the  company  many  years,  serving  on  sever  ' 
of  tUeir  steamers,  and  left  their  employ  to  t)ecome  a  branch  pilot  on  the  river,  between  Portland  ami  ,\storia.  Ho  continued  in  tl;ii 
vocation  until  the  time  of  his  death,  July  5,  1K90,  when  the  genial  old  pilot  passed  away  at  his  post  on  the  bridge  of  the  Cily  <•' 
lopeka,  which  he  was  taking  down  from  Portland,  He  was  in  apparent  good  health  up  to  the  last  moment,  and  had  nearly  t«achi^<l 
Tongue  Point  above  Astoria  with  the  steamer  when  the  summons  came. 


CAI'r.   JAMKS   SfKAMV 

The  Rival  made  her  first  trip  July  4tli 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Columbia  Marine  Industries 


93 


I 


htfamkh  "  Idaho" 
Krcmt  n  photo  taken  on  her  thlrtirth  tiirthdnv 


till'  Cnicaded  in  i860  for  Col.  John  S.  Riickel,  and  naturally  fell  into  the  hand.s  of  the  OrcKoii  Stenni  Navigation 
I'liiiipaiiv,  for  whom  she  proved  very  profitahle.  She  continued  011  the  middle  river  Ioiik  enough  to  wear  out  some  of 
tlif  handsomer  steamers  like  the  IXthy  .h'»suvrt/i  and  Oneonia,  which  were  built  with  money  earned  by  the  Idaho, 
and  in  iHHi  she  was  piloted  over  the  Cascades  by  Capt.  James  Troup,  and,  after  l)eiug  repaired  and  strengthened 
lliiuiighoul,  was  sent  around  to  Puget  Sound  the  following  year,  where  Capt.  George  I).  Messegee  was  her  first 
ni.ister  Slic  was  one  of  the  pioneer  Oregon  Railway  it  Navigation  Company's  steamers  on  I'uget  Sound,  and 
>tiviMl  on  the  various  routes  from  Olympia  to  Victori.t  in  a  maimer  fully  as  acceptable  as  that  in  which  she  had 
IK'tlornRtl  her  duties  on  the  placid  waters  of  the  Columbia.  Dnritig  the  boom  days  she  earned  large  profits,  and 
while  on  the  middle  river  she  was  almost 

('(Jtitiiuioiisly  in  the  command  of  Capt,  John       ^HP^'*'*°'''*"^''mi^^E  '^H 

MiNidty,"  but  after  going  to  the  Souiiil  was       ^^^-  ^^^^^B^ 

III  iliarne  of  nearly  all  <if  the  captains  in  the 
sii  vice  111  the  company  in  that  district.  When 
the  riiion  I'acific  succecdeil  the  Oregon  Rail- 
way iS:  Navigation  Company,  and  Capt,  H.  F. 
IVgram  became  superintendent  of  its  water 
lines,  the  Idaho  was  laid  uj)  Inr  a  while,  and 
iIkii  sold  to  Captain  Hastings,  who  had 
aaiiied  the  Sound  in  charge  of  the  whale- 
luulc  (  .  //■  Witmoir.  Captain  Hastings  had 
piKir  success,  and  it  looked  for  a  time  as 
tliiiii>;h  the  old  ]>acket  would  h^.-ie  her  reputa- 
tion as  a  nioneyniakur,  but,  when  Capt.  1),  H. 
Jiuksoii  organized  the  Northwestern  Sleain- 
slii])  Ciiinpany,  he  bought  the  Idaho  and  put 
heron  the  Port  Towtisend  mail  route,  where 
she  is  still  ruiniing  and  making  better  time 
than  many  steamers  of  less  than  one-third 
Ikt  age.  The  Idaho  is  a  sidewheeler,  one 
luiiiilreil  and  forty-seven  feet  long,  with  twenty-six  feet  beam  and  six  feet  nine  inches  depth  of  hold,  engines 
sixtLcii  by  sixty  inches. 

The  ocean  steamships  plying  to  the  Columbia  and  Sound  were  the  ('(»/(•?,  Captain  Dall  ;  xXyi:  h'ortheiner, 
Capt.  W.  I, .'Dall  :  the  Oicgoii.  Capt.  William  H.  Hudson  ;  the  Santa  C111-.  Captain  Stajiles ;  the  Paiific,  Captain 
Patterson  ;  the  Iholhir  foiiathaii  and  the  Paiiiiiiia.  the  latter  nnining  to  the  Sound 
an<l  Victoria  for  a  portion  of  the  year  only.  In  November  the  i'a/iYor/i/a,  in  command 
of  Capt.  R.  Whiting,  was  operated  on  the  Portland  and  San  PVancisco  route  in  opjio- 
sition  to  the  old  line,  with  J.  M.  lircck,  "  who  was  purser  on  the  Xoilhiimi  when  she 
was  lost,  as  Portland  agent. 

The  growing  importance  of  the  \'ictoria  district  was  recognized  this  year  by 
the  a|)iiointnient  of  a  Ciovernment  inspector,  or  superintending  engineer,  as  he  was 

#thei)  called.  Thomas  Westcott  was  the  first  to  occupy  the  position,  receiving  his 
appointment  in  February,  and  on  the  seventh  of  that  month  the  old  steamer  KIha 
.  hidiisoH  headed  the  record  of  inspection.  Mr.  Westcott  tested  her  boilers,  sidyecting 
them  to  a  pressure  of  forty-five  pounds,  and  allowed  her  a  license  to  run  for  a  period 
of  four  months  with  a  limit  of  thirty  pounds  of  steam.  The  second  steamer  examined 
was  the  lltniictla.  a  small  sternwheeler,  which  made  her  trial  trip  January  i^,  i860, 
but  was  not  inspected  until  .some  weeks  later.  The  hull  was  built  l)y  William  Moore 
in  1.S59,  but  through  a  delay  in  receiving  the  machinery  her  completion  was  delayed. 
The  llinriilta  was  seventy-six  feet  long,  with  engines  .S  x  26  inches.  She  was 
tonimandei'  by  her  owner  and  his  son  when  she  commenced  running  on  the  Fraser,  but  Capt.  Asoury  Insley,"' 

'Capt.  John  McNiilty  was  Imrii  in  I>nl>lin,  Irelanil,  March  21,  i,S^o.  When  n  boy  lie  went  to  sea,  and  after  sailing  all  over 
Ihf  wnrld  landiMl  iti  Porllatid  in  I.H52,  and  on  arriv.'ii  hej^an  stiMunhoating  on  the  old  Fn^hioti.  In  l,S6()  he  rt'inoved  to  The 
Dalles,  and  for  o\er  a  ejiiarter  of  a  centnr\'  ran  the  ()rej,;oti  .Steam  Navigation  Conip.'iny  and  Orejjon  Railway  vS:  Navigation  Company 
liuats  hclween  there  and  the  Cascatles.  His  career  lias  heeti  exeeedin^ly  fortiniate  and  .sinj^iilarly  free  from  accidents.  While 
ill  Uii-  (iri-noii  Railway  it  Navigation  Company's  employ  he  piloted  .lie  A'.  A'.  Thompson  over  the  Cascailes  and  also  hronKlit  over 
till-  lar^f  wharf  lioat  which  has  been  in  use  for  so  many  years  at  Alhina. 

"John  M.  Hreck  was  born  in  I'hiladelphia,  Ajiril  ii),  iSj.S,  and  came  to  this  Coast  in  the  early  fifties  as  pnrser  on  the  old 
Co'unihia,  the  second  steamship  built  for  the  California  ami  ( Ire^on  trade.  Ill  1.S52  he  boiiKlit  an  interest  in  the  steamer  Miittnoinah, 
and  was  connected  with  varions  river  boats  ntitil  i.S6(),  when  lie  acceplcil  a  )iositioii  as  pnrser  on  the  steamship  Xoiiliti  iiii .  riiiininf{ 
lu'lvifcn  .San  I'rancisco,  Portland  atnl  Ptinel  Sound.  After  the  wreck  of  the  .Vor/hinni  in  Jannary,  1S61,  he  was  apjiointed  a^jent  of 
tli(  I'.icilic  Mail  Steamship  Company  at  I'ortland,  of  which  city  lie  is  still  a  resident,  and  afterward  represented   Ilolladay  iS;  Flint. 

■'  Cai)t.  Asbnri  Insley,  one  of  the  first  navigators  on  the  I'raser  River,  was  born  in  Delaware  ill  1S29  and  comnienceil  goiiiK 
to  sea  when  a  boy,  ninninj^  on  schooners  ill  the  (tiilf  of  Mexico.  He  next  Joined  a  Havana  packet  out  of  New  York,  remaining 
with  her  nmil  1S4S,  when  he  began  deep-water  sailing.    He  was  cast  away  in  the  Mediterranean  in  1S49,  ami  in  1850  came  round  to  San 


fi 


■\-' 


Cait.  John  MtNrr.i*\ 


i' 


It--  s 


:'!•■  !;■ 


il 


94 


Lvwii  4  Dr^den'a  Murine  History  of  the  Pacific  Sorthwent 


>t1IN    M     IIUKI  K 


Chnrles  Ntillnnl,  Ni'il  HiilK'ii  im<l  Janien  OernUl  nflcrwnrd  nc(|iiiri-il  an  intiTt-st  in  ilit  vi;>«:l,  and  liwli-y  MUciTedid 
Moore  as  cnptain. 

t'ndaiititi'd  l)y  liir  wiinlit  of  years,  llic  sU-aincr  liiaver  a)i|it.-nri'il  in  \\  \\v\s  role  lliis  ytar,  living  fillMl 
with  staUrooins  and  opiralfd  liclwiiMi  X'iclorin  and  Nanaiino  as  a  iiassinniT  ^U•aInl•r.  Tlii'  /«//<i  had  rvturiii  .1 
from  hor  highly  sni'ivssfiil  viiiturc  on  iho  Cohiinliia  Kivvr,  and  made  sevrral  trips 
iKJlween  N'ictoria  ntid  Sonnd  ])orts  in  oomtniind  ol  Captain  Hnslmdl.  There  was 
vlKorouH  opposition  <m  the  N'ietoria  and  New  Westminster  route  in  tile  fail  when  the 
steamers  Wilson  (1.  I/kiiI  a\\i\  the  Hudson's  Hay  steamer  Otifr  were  pitted  against 
eaeh  other,  and  p.isseiimr  and  frei^jht  rati  s  snfTenil  airordinnly.  Tlie  (  (i/ii/,<>ii,i, 
whieli  ha<l  lieen  reliuilt  sinee  lur  explosion  the  previous  year,  was  also  running  to 
the  I'raser.  In  ,*septeml)er  Capt.  C  T.  Millanl  Inuuihed  the  steamer  //(•/>(,  a  stcrn- 
wheeler,  iis  feet  lon>!.  at  N'ietoria.  and  put  her  oii  the  I'raser  Kiver.  The  steamer 
Idiilw.  or,  as  she  was  afterward  called,  the  Foil  )'i>l<\  was  set  afloat  at  Victoria, 
(K'tolier  lilh.  ."^he  was  huilt  li>  Capt.  .'smith  Jamieson,  a  hrotlur  of  the  Jamiesons 
of  Willamette  Kiver  f.une,  and  henau  running  in  November  on  the  I'Va^er.  contiiuiinn 
there  until  April,  isin,  when  she  came  to  a  siuhlen  end  hy  the  (irst  serious  boiler 
explosion  which  had  occurred  in  the  i)rovince  (see  explosion  of  I'i'il  )'<>/<■,  i,s6i). 
The  .steamer  w.is  i  i.i  feet  lon^.  a  feet  beam,  )  leet  hold,  with  i  (  x  i(  inch  cUKines, 
and  a  sternwlieel  I'l  feet  in  diameter. 

The  steam  tun  A'iiiiX(>   A'l'.  .',   which  had  arrived  the  preceding  year,   found 
plenty  of  business  jobbing  around  the  Souu<l  and   towiun  vessels,  which  appeared  in  considerable  nnndiers  there 
and  in  British  Columbia  waters.     As  N'ictoria  was  the  most  important  port  north  of  the  Columbi.i  Kivir,  vessels 

with  even  a  portion  of  a  cargo  went  there  first,  and  after  discharging  returiieil 
to  the  American  side  and  loaded  lumber.  .Anioiig  the  coasting  fleet  in  this  trade 
were  the  barks  (iioixf  K'icll,  Captain  Keiini  ;  11.  M.  Hull,  Captain  Hlake : 
('/i(>/><i/rii.  Captain  D.iggett;  .l/iiKi/iii.  Cajitaiii  Richardson  :  Cluiitcs  /hviiit. 
Captain  Ilovey  ;  <iM/i/iii/,i.Cn\<[.  Kiown  :  /.i'i'u,'.iii.  Captain  Davis;  (i/iiiif>si\ 
Captain  (love;  Ariliitid,  Captain  linn;  .\iiu  I'tii-y.  Captain  Ciiun;  \'iikii\\ 
Captain  Callot ;  Mmi,,  Captain  Thin  ;  Ihiniil  W'lhitii,  Cajitaiu  Staiinard  ;  A'.  .S. 
I'll  kins,  Captain  Hunker;  U'ii:r/i/,  Captain  Powell  ;  .  hiiiis/iir.  Cajitain  Richard- 
son; /,  //,  /.nil/  and  Coiislitntion.  Captain  Foster;  .lud  the  brig  /.  .S.  in/w/. 
Captain  I)ry<len.  '  I-'oreign  vcs.sels  to  X'ictoria  and  thence  to  the  .Sound  were  llie 
b.irk  Sii/ci/(<> .  Captain  Slocoinl),  from  .Shanghai  ;  the  ships  .  ttlu/slniit'  and  //colliir 
lull,,  from  I.oudoii  ;  II, bf.  Captain  Harrison;  l\,d  Koici,  Captain  Cummiiigs; 
l.iiu<oii.  Captain  Watts,  from  China;  the  barks  h'alliliin,  Captain  I'lint ;  //\ad\ 
Capt.iiii  M.iyliew;  Jiiinic  Ford,  Captain  Matches;  and  ship  Ccon^iaiia,  from  the 
Sandwich  Islands.  Local  schooners  on  the  Sound  and  out  of  \"ictoria,  some  nl 
which  made  occasional  trips  to  San  p'rancisco,  were  the  (iivulir.  wliicli  John 
M.  I/ett  had  built  for  Cajitain  Harrington  in  i.Ssij;  the  Hhui,-  l^iitiiioinl.  Captain 
AUe;  /■'"/ //ii/i('.  Captain  I'orresl ;  ,SV/ii,i//;/i,'- .S'Afr,  Captain  Hoyling  ;  .///>//((,  Captain  Walker  ;  M(i;  .l/c/v/Aw,  Captain 
Klger';  llliinl.  Captain  liaker  ;  '  I'ilol,  Captain  Hanson;  I'iIhI,  Captain  Taylor;  Pollci ,  Captain  Harwood,  and  ii 


C.\rl     .\mirK\    l.^sl.l 


r; 


l*iitncisi'<>  HI  till'  sliip  l,'<'ii//>,ii.  Ill'  spent  several  years  in  llie  Calilornia  jiold  mines,  ami.  wlieti  the  I'raser  Kiver  ili>i>;in^H  were  tir^i 
hearii  of,  he  saileil  lur  the  north.  On  arriving  at  Wliati'om  he  seciireil  h  lioat  ami  starleil  for  Vale  and  en>;anecl  in  freij^litinn,  earriini^ 
sniiplies  lielween  Hone  ami  Vale.  .\  year  of  this  Ijnsiness  enal)leil  him,  with  L'liarles  MilKinl,  Neil  linlleii  ami  James  t'leralil,  1" 
seenre  the  steamer  l/i'n  /VYA'.  wliiih  they  operated  for  al)onl  two  years.  Tliev  then  honnht  the  steamer  (  \il,\l,>iii,i  ami  ran  her  Iron; 
Victoria  lo  .S'ew  Westminster.  The  steamer //i'/k' was  their  next  venture.  She  was  nseil  hetween  Hope  ami  Vale,  ami  Inslev  ".i~ 
on  o,ie  or  the  other  of  the  hoats  all  of  the  time.  In  iSiiJ  he  sold  his  share  in  tlie  lli>f>r  to  Millanl  ,in(i  pniehased  an  interest  in  tin- 
Fl  villi;  Pill,  hill, III  witli  William  Moore,  aetiiif;  as  ea)>tHin  for  a  while.  He  was  afterward  eonneeted  with  the  linildiiiH  of  the  .  I/,a,iii 
,lii,i,  whieh  he  ran  until  she  met  with  llnaneial  dillicnlties.  iMoni  the  .  Ilr  \,iii,lii,i  he  went  to  the  l.illo,!.  remaining  with  this  vessi ; 
for  a  nnmlier  of  years.  lie  lell  her  to  yo  on  the  Sliekeen  River  for  a  season,  and  from  the  Stiekeen  retnnied  to  Vietoria  and  litii  . 
onl  the  l\o\;il  City,  operatini;  her  ahont  three  years.  lie  was  also  on  the  (hihoid  for  a  while  with  L'a|il.  William  Irvinj;,  ami  alu  i 
Irvine's  ileath  eotnniinded  the  boat,      lie  also  served  on  the  A',-li,iii,,\   ll'i/li,iiii  Irviiii;.  A'.  /'.  h'illul,  l),i,i:,;ii,\  and  other  steamers 

■'^Cn])l.  C.  r.  Dryden  was  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  jiioneer  sailiti);  masters  on  the  Sonnd,     He  was  horn  in  I't'iinsvlvani 
in   iSi  ^  and  came  to  California  in  1^44,  entering  the  eoastiii)'  trade  soon  after  his  arrival.     In   iSho  lie  went  to  Coos  Hay  ami  for  ,1 
short  time  had  iliarne  of  .Simpson's  Inn  l-'iii  r/fss .     He  afterward  rclurneil  to  the  sailiiiK  vessels,  and  continned  in  the  service  up  t  ■ 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1S71. 

■'John  .M.  I/elt  of  Oak  Harbor  was  born  in  Scotland  in  iS^i,  and  served  an  apprenticeslii|)asship  carpenter,  and  at  ei^hteei 
vears  of  a^e  was  followiii),;  the  sea  in  that  capacity,  finally  reaching  .San   I'rancisco  in   i.S^j  on  the  bark  M,'ll,iii.     He  came  to  I'n>;i 
Sound  in   1S51  ami  workeil  as  foreman  for  Thoniiison,  C.'imono  ^S;  tirennan  of  t'tsalady,  .and  afterward  carried  on  an  exjiress  bnsinc..- 
011  the  Sonnd.     In   is.sv  he  constructed  the  famous  schooner  (iioi^lfr  for  Capt.  I'd  liarrin.i.;ton,  and  followed  ship•lMlildill^;  mil: 
I.S73,  when  he  relireil  to  a  farm. 

"Capt.  J.  N.  Haker  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  in  iSj.|,  When  a  boy  of  thirteen  he  commenced  his  marine  career  on  I.al.' 
I-'rie,  receivinj^  master's  piipers  jit  the  a^e  of  twi'iity-one.  He  adecl  as  first  mate  on  different  vessels  for  eighteen  years,  but,  beconiin', 
disHiistcd  with  continued  ill  luck,  went  to  .\nstralia  in  |H,S7  and  en>,'aj,'ed  in  mining.  I'roni  there  he  sailed  on  a  vessel  bonnd  for  tb 
Hast  Indies  and  China,  and  two  years  afterwanl  shippecl  for  Boston,  where  he  arrived  in  1S59.  In  i.Soo  he  made  a  secoinl  voyage  1' 
San  h'rancisco,  and  spent  the  next  three  years  as  mate  ami  master  on  lumber  vessels.  He  w.-is  <ni  the  schooner  lUttiit  two  \eai- 
also  on  the  /('.  //.  Mevin,  and  dnriiiK  this  period  took  the  bark  l',iliiiell,',  owned  by  the  Western  I'liion  Telegraph  Company,  aronr' 
to  New   Vork.     .Xftcr  this  service  he  entered  the  employ  of  the    Hellin^liani  Hay  Coal  Company,  reiiiaiiiin)>  with  them  for  einb 


1 


••3 


^ 


The  Oregon  Stram  Navif/.itinn  Cnmpnny,  Growth  nf  Britinh  Cnlumbh  Marim<  InrliiHtrlf^ 


95 


no'f  'I  iitliiTs  li'ss  well  kiKiwn.  Kt'^'il'ir  liiii-rs  in  tlu' i-fi:i-tiiiK  iradu  wiTi'  tlu' liark*  0'///«^ir,  wliicli  liiid  ln'iii 
rillf  'I  Nliii'f  luT  iiiisli:i|i  cil' llif  priifdinn  mmt,  tin-  I'liiiii,  ll'iiri/,/.  It'  tl.  Siiiiiili'n.  /.(v;/i'>rj,  \',i/iiiiiUiiif; .  anil 
olli'>  ("ri'vimisly  niciiliniii'd.  Tin-  (inviTiniU'iil  smvi'viiin  Nrij;  /'iiiuit/i  r,>\  was  i'ni|ilcivi.<l  in  NoithwrskTU 
wiU'.  nearly  all  tlli'  yi'iir.  Amkhik  the  vi-sscls  of  H  M.  M's  lU-ct  vi^iliiiK  Victoria  in  iSfici  wiTc  iIk-  ^;nnlH)at 
/'•I  M,/anil  the  .S(i/<////c.  Tin.-  fiirnicr  vi-ssel  Icin^  al'ti-r  LMiti-ri'il  the  nii-nliant  tnarint  nn  the  fnast,  utul  linally 
iii.K  1  liiT  (lays  as  n  pirate  on  the  coant  of  Mexico  isee  steaniNhip  /'i>r;,iirif,  1H71  1, 

'Pile  town  of  St.   Helens,  on   the   Colninl)i;i,   which    had   not   iinionnleil   to   nnirh   .liter   the    I'.icific   Mail 
IciiKil   it,  received  a   visit   this  year  (Voin   the  schooner   /i/i/u.    V's   lolls  limdeii,  in  coniiiiand  of  Cipt.   A. 


,iImii 


C.iiiiiM.inn 


from  the  I  Cast  w 


ith 


a  >;eiieral  car^;o. 


The  liark  AV.-ii/  .iiid  the  schooner  I/'  /,  A'/<//i»'i/wi(Mirrived  at 


r. 


1  UK 


from   New  York,  and,  until   Mercer  estaldislied  his  dipper  line  several  years  later,  were  the   last  iliiect 
ill  III.  is,  as  Tortland  dealers  preferred  to  ship  ^oods  in  smaller  i|nantities  to  San  Francisco  and  transport  them  from 


llicrc  li\'  steamer 


line  sle. liner  named   the  /V.'/v 


A'    /(W//.i»was  conslnicted    at  Coos   Hav  in  iHiui  for   tin 


iii.isliiiK  tralVic,  and  at  l>iinneiiess  Capt.  !■!.  II.  McAlinond  '   Iniilt  llie  schooner  /uhnni,  which   ran  in  the  I'iikcI 
S  iinid  and  Alaska  trade  lor  four  ye.irs.  and  was  then  sold   to  Sin  h'ralicisco  parties. 

The  year  iSh.j  opened  with  another  terrilile  wreck  on  the  ronte  hetween  San  l-'raiicisco  and  the  Northwest. 
tin   uiliipialed  Xi>itlii-nii-r  K'>iiiK  t"  pieces  nearCnpc  Mendocino,  sacrificing  nearly  forty  lives,  and  proving  that  the 


w.iiiiiiii;  will 


ch  the  loss  of  the  rotten  old   steamship  CduiiiI  II'iiii, 


few  years  lieforo  had  sounded  was  still 
iiiilunlcil,  and  that  iiispectiim  laws  were  lax  indeed,  or  the  tender  old  hnlk  would  never  have  lieen  permillcd  lo 
inipiiil  llie  existence  of  so  many  jieople.     The  old  steamship  Xtnlluiiiit  had  liecii  running  on  the  noithcni  route   il 


iruKiilar  intervals 


for 


L-ral 


years,  most  of  the  time  in 
luinniaiid  of  either  William 
uv  Cliris  Dall.  She  left  San 
iMiiicisco  on  her  last  trip  Jan- 
4th  at  .j.v  !••  »'•■  I'oiiiid 
Colnmliia    River  and 


uat 


l(.r  llu 

I'liHel  Siiniid  ports.  The  next 
ilav  at  I'liiir  o'clock  in  the 
iiUenioon,  when  about  two 
miles  (ilf  shore,  she  struck  on 
Hliliil's  Reef  near  Ca))e  .Meii- 
ilociini  At  the  time  she 
struck   llie  steamer  was  rnn- 


iiii'K 


twelve 


knots 


liclure  a  t;ood  brce/e  with   all 


>.iils  sil,  hut  the  shock  seemed 
liio  li).;lit  to  lie  very  serious, 
.iiiil  Captain  Dall  .sent  I'irsl 
(  miivr  Kreiich  helow  to  sec  if 
slic  was  leaking,  and  directed 
C:i|pt.  Thomas   C.la 


L>ll,  the 


ill  known  stc.imhoalinan,  who  was  Columhia    River  pilot   for  the  steamer,   to  take   llic  licariii).;s  of  the   rock. 


he  had  passed  there  many  times  before 


id  1 


lad  never  discoverei 


1  it. 


Soon   after  the  ship  swtin^'   off  sIk 


.•;;:iii  inakinj;  water  ra|)idly,  and  the   pumps,  which   were  throwint;  twelve  thousand  gallons  ]icr  iiiiiiiite.  could 
1)1  keep  it  down  ,so  that  it  would  ^jain  less  than   an   inch  a  minute.      When   lliree  and  a  half  miles  north  of 


Ca|H 
ini]i 


irtuiias  the  engineer  sen 


t  word   that   the  fires 


be  extiiiHUi 


died 


ill  fne  niiiuites,  and.  as  it  would  be 


ibie  to  reach   Humboldt  bar,  Captain    Dall   deterniiiied    to  be.ich   the  ship        The   vessel   was   headed   f( 


or 


slime,    the  eiisiues   making   about    twenty   revolnli 


ifter   she   j;rotiiide '.        Ile.ivy   seas   were   breaking   over 


III  I- 


lU'  lir^.l  ii)TiiinMnili.'il  llu-  liiirk  .  hiii  lliwl.  mul  iiexl  lixik  tlif  sliip  (•I'l iihiiiiit.  coiituiiiiiiK  witli  liiT  fcir  six  anil  Diie-liall' 


(.,i|>liiiii 


liikcr  iTliruil  Inmi  llic  wilier  ami  lias  since  lived  on  sliore,  wi 


III  till 


sic  iiiui  .s'.o.f ;/(/.,  wlilrli  he  lioiiglit  in  i.ssj,     lie  is  now  rjniell\- cnj) 


ylllK 


life 


elilnin  (il  (leea: 


HI  il  tanii  near  New  Whale 


sional  trips  willi  the  liiile 


Tile  hrie 


'(«//,', 


,as  llie  hesl   kiliiwll  cil"  the  ve-^sels.  which  visileil  the  N'oilhwest,  in  llie  Inileil  .salutes  ^eiiiletie  sei 


M- l.iliiirs  exleinlecl  civer  a  wiile  raii^je  (irteiiilory.  .She  inaile  a  snr\  ey  nf  diay's  Harlmr  in  iS'«i,  ami  fnnn  there  went  In  C<mi> 
Her  work  for  the  iiexl  few  years  was  iiloii>,'  the  California  shore,  lint  in  1.S61)  she  retnrneil  North  lo  make  sMimliiiKs  in  the 
.It  Seattle.     She  then  went  farlher  up  the  Coast.  1ml  relnrnecl  to  Seattle  in    IS;  2,  and  in    1S7I  snrveyeil  Ciniiinenieiiieiit  lia 


C.ipl   James  \,.  I.awson  was  in  eoniniand  for  iicnrly  til'teeii  years,  wi 

Cijil    Charles  Willon.ijhhy. 


th  tl 


le  exeeptuni  ol  a  tin 


ef  interval  while  slu-  w 


IS  ill  ehar^e  of 


San  I'l 


'Ca]it.  I'l.  II.  Me.Miiioiiil  of  DntiHeiiess  was  horn  in  liclfasl.  Me.,  ill  1S2.S,  ami  e.iiiie  to  the  Coasl  in  1S5 


I  as  master  of  the  sehoone 


/>„• 


rnnnin^  to  Centra 


1  .\ii 


I.  aii.l  arri\eil  <ni  Pii^et  Sniiml  i\i 


lle 


s  Liter 


lile.l 


liiij;    ''/ill  />,i;is.     He  was  next  on  the  hark  /n//'/  .UIiiiik  from  .Steihieooin  to  San   l''raneiseo,  ami  from  her  went  to  the  seln 


ilf  till 


llie  ~, 


lie  retnrneil  lo  DniiHenes 


iilil  i.Shi,  when  he  • 


slnieteil  tin 


iS^i  ami  took  eoinmaml  of  the  /oliii  .  IJiiiiif,  anil  after  silling  her  for  six  inonlhs  .ihamloiieil 


elie 


I  ti.nle.  linally  selliiiH  the  vessel  to  San  I'raneiseo  parties 


Her  A'r/'iiifi  at  linnyeiiess  ami  operateil  her  for  ftiiir  years  in  the  Pii^ei  .Sonml  ami 


h'or  the  next  ten 


■  twelv 


he 


is  acting;  as  pilot  on   I'li^jel 


111  Northern  waters.     In    i.SSo  he  hnill  the  sehooner  Cliniiif'iiiii  anl  ran  her  for  ahoiit  six  years,  sealiiii;  olf  the  Cape,  1 
1  solil  her  to  Chief  Peter  of  the  Neali  Hiy  Imlian  trihe.     He  is  a,     .cseiil  Iniihlin^'  a  oiie'liiiinlreil-ton  sehooner  to  he  iiseil  in 
iij;  anil  eoil  lishiii),'  triule. 


\\\ 


M 


life  :>l 


U'. 


F^f 


I 


1  ;: 


J 


i^; 


^--^  ..4 


96 


/.eiv/s  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  ttie  Pacific  Northwest 


her,  so  that  it  was  iinpossihlo  to  cut  away  the  masts.  A  boat  was  lowered,  and  First  Officer  French  succetded 
in  reaching  land  in  safety  with  all  of  the  women  and  children  except  two,  one  lady  refusing  to  leave  the  vessel 
because  her  brother  could  not  accompany  her.  Second  Officer  Hirch  then  started  with  the  old  men  and  one 
woman,  but  his  boat  capsized,  and  all  peri.shed  except  the  latter,  Hirch  and  a  sailor.  The  third  boat  was  in 
charge  of  Captain  Gladwell,  but  it  was  .soon  overturned  and  nearly  all  of  its  )ccupants  were  lost.  Frencli  in 
the  meantime  returned  to  the  rescue,  but  owing  to  the  carelessness  of  the  crew  his  boat  was  drawn  under  the 
quarter  and  he  was  drowned.  After  a  terrific  struggle.  Engineer  O'Neil  succeeded  in  reaching  shore  witli  ,i 
line,  which  w.'.s  the  means  of  saving  the  lives  of  several  persons.  At  1:30  a.  m.  Captain  Dall,  Pilot  Rogers 
and  Pur.ser  Hreck  started  ashore  in  this  maimer,  after  doing  all  in  their  power  to  induce  the  remaining 
passengers  to  follow  their  example.  Mr.  Berry,  Wells,  Fargo's  agent,  was  swept  from  the  line  and  drowned, 
and  those  who  clung  to  the  wreck  drifted  ashore  soon  afterward  on  a  piece  of  the  deck  which  detached  itself 
from  the  steamer.  Altogether  thirty-eight  people  perished.  The  action  of  the  first  officer  in  returning  to  abno.st 
certain  death  after  making  his  escape  was  an  exatnple  of  heroism  such  as  is  .seldom  witnes.sed.  He  was  entreated 
to  remain  in  safety,  but  replied  that  it  was  his  duty  to  make  the  venture,  and.  after  leaving  his  watch  ami  a 
message  for  his  wife,  went  to  his  fate.  The  passengers  pre.sented  Captain  Dall  with  a  testimonial  for  the  care 
which  they  received  after  the  accident.  The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  lost— Crew  :  A.  French,  first 
officer;  li.  Mayhood,  third  officer:  R.  .\.  Nation,  first  assistant  engineer;  H.  Iloyle,  fireman;  L.  Howes, 
coalpasser  :  John  Desnoyer.  carjienter  ;   Mike  Darney,  Tliomas  Leonard,  W.  O.Clark,  and  Fred  Maass,  .seamen: 

John  (irant,  mes.sengcr  boy  ;   Joseph  Webster,  porter;   J.  I).  Turner, 
Thomas  Connelly,  Manuel  Suarez,  and  John  Hedden,  waiters  ;   I/mis 
X'olstadt,  first  cook  ;   Herman   Kenkin,  second  cook  :    H.  Wellin);lon, 
third   cook  ;  a  colored   barber,  and    Gladwell,  the  pilot  — l'asseMj;ers: 
Berry,  Wells  Fargo's  messenger:  Capt.  Chris  Sweitzer,  Samuel  Ore;;^; 
and  sister,  Messrs.  Bloomfield,  Hass,  Perkins,  Taylor,  Daly,  HisMin 
Del.schneider,   Meeker,  Trepsy,  Oreenshield,  K.  Rainey.  A.  Hunter 
and  C.  Thomas.      The  survivors  were  :    W.  I<.  Dall.  master;    W.  };. 
Birch,  second  officer;    Thomas  O'Xeil,  chief  engineer;   J.  M.  Breek, 
purser  :   Joseph  Bryant,  second  assistant  engineer  ;   J.  D.  Clouglilet 
and  lidward  .Mclvneany,-^-  water  tenders;    R.  Loomis.  Jerry  Harnett, 
and  William  Whitby,  firemen  ;   Robert  Boyd,  H.  Norton,  and   F.  K. 
Callaghan,  coalpassers  ;  James  I.aunahan,  engine  storekeeper  ;  Moses 
Rogers,   bar  pilot  ;    John   Deniing.  steward  :    John   Paulsea,   .seccnul 
steward  ;  Samuel  Lewis,  steerage  steward  ;  Jo.se  .Mniaden,  pantryni.m : 
Richard   Hill,  baker  :    Michael   Monen,  John  "ower,   and  G.  Stei,'e 
waiters  :  H.  I)nffi;y,  Henry  t)tto,  Henry  Gardner,  James  Silva.  John 
Daly,   Hugh  Duncan.   Daniel   Horrigan,  James  Wcighton,  and  Wil- 
liam King,  seamer.  ;  G.  W.  Tew,  wife  and  three  children,  T.  V.  Smith. 
().  Alder,  A.  O.  Balcli,  (;.  Vignolo,  Miss  Jordan,  J.  A.  Wheeler,  J.  1-. 
Gould.  W.  l"'arrell,  Fred   Freeman,  J.  J.  Ginn,  William  Reese.  W.  I>. 
Ray,  P.  Kelly,   J.  (Juigley,   Mr.  FIstes,   A.  Hinman,  A.  B.  Robertsnn. 
J.  H.  Henry,  H.  Bledsoe,  Mrs.  C.  Sweitzer.  .M.  Trtnbath,   Miss  H.iit- 
iie>  ,  H.  M.  Patrick,  J.  A.  Gallagher,  .Mrs.  Thomp.son  and  chihl,  John 
Morrill,  George  liauni,  Mrs.  .\nreau,  and  four  Chinamen,  passengers.     The  Xoillimur  was  built  in  N'ew  York  in 
1S47   for  tile  CluirU-stoii   Iraile,   but  came  round  to  the   Pacific  in    i.Ss".  and  was  operated  by  the  Pacific  Mail  on 
all  of  the  routes  out  of  San   Francisco.        At   the   time  of  the  wreck    she  had   the   postal   contract   north,    .iiut 
received   a   big   subsidy  for  a  semi-monthly  service.     A  few  trips  before  her  destruction  she  was  in  a  collisHm 
on  the  .Sound  with   the  tug  /\isoluli\  receiving  injuries  to  the  extent  of  $i.5i«i.     A  long  lawsuit  was  the  resull. 
the  case  being  in  the  courts  for  years.      Meiggs.  owner  of  the  /uso/ii/r.  finally  wo'i,  securing  damages  for  iiijuiirs 
sustained  b\  his  ves.sel. 

Other  serious  marine  disasters  of  the  year  were  the  loss  of  the  schooner  C<i/iiini/.  which  sailed  from  .SU'mI- 
water  Bay  for  the  Columbia  with  seven  persons,  and  nothing  was  ever  found  to  throw  light  on  their  mysteri'ns 
disajipearance.  The  ship/d/r;/  ,Vais/ia//,  from  San  F'rancisco  for  Port  Discovery,  was  caught  in  a  storm  off  C:ipe 
Flattery,  November  loth,  and  was  lost  with  all  on  board.  The  Peruvian  brig  /'loiriida,  from  Utsalad)  for  Call. 10, 
encountered  a  gale  off  Cape  I'lattery,  December  .Stli.  anil  was  on  her  beam  ends  for   three  hours.     The  capt;i;n, 

^  Kdwartl  Mrl-!ne:iiiy,  wlio  \v;is  ntie  nl"  tlie  survivors  oflhe  Xt'rf/it'rnt'r,  w:\s  horn  in  Ireliiml  iii  iSjg.  anil  soon  at'ler  eoniii'  i" 

.■\incriea  eoninienced  running  between  New  York  and  .Xspinwall  as  water  lender  on  the  I*aeilie  Mail  stejmiships,  most  ot  the  '.  ;ii' 

heing  en^a^eil  on  the  ///iiti>r\  and  leavinj,;  that  rr)nte  in  iS.si  lor  San  l-'raneiseo      hi  J n ne  ol  that  year  he  ji lined  the  tild  siilewlu  ■  tr 

i)ii  ■^I'fi  as  third  assistant  i  n_i,;i  nee  r,  remain  in  ji  there  ahont  a  year  and  then  >ioin^  as  sei-ond  assist.ani  on  tlie  steamship  ( \i{if\>nn<i.  (u 

iSOn  he  shipped  on  the  steamship  XniNhnh  r.  which  was  lost  hefore  he  had  eompleled  the  roniid  trip  with  her.     lie  llieii  ran  S'  ili 

fi-(tm  .San    1-r.uieiseo,  ser\in^  on   the  steamshi])  (lotdtti   t'l.'v  nearh    six    \ears,  and   was  ihiel'  ol    the  Sitt  rtii//tn/t'  for  two  >»  '^ 

.\ltonether  he  was  in  Ihe  employ  of  the  I'aeihe  Mail  Comp.iny  fm  moie  than  two  deeades.  lie  left  their  employ  to  aeeept  ii  ))osr  'ii 
on  the  Central  I'.ieifie  I'erryhoais,  on  whieh  he  ran  as  eliieleiiKineer  for  liftecn  years. 


I-:i'\V  AMP    Mi  t.:Nt  ANS 


rench  succetded 
leave  the  vessel 
d  men  uiul  out- 
ird  boat  was  in 
ost.     Kreiicli  in 
rawii  under  the 
ij;  shore  witli  ,i 
11,   Pilot  R<ij;cr- 
the   remaiiiinj; 
e  and  drowned, 
I  detaclied  itself 
irniiig  to  ahudsj 
le  was  entreated 
lis  watch  and  a 
lial  for  the  care 
A.  French,  first 
an  :    h-    Hmves. 
Maass.  seamen  : 
;   J.  I).  Turner, 
,  waiters  ;   I.cMiis 
H.  \\'ellini;t<"i, 
ot  —  r'asseni;ers 
r,  Samuel  (Irej;;; 
r,  Daly,  His.Mui 
icy.  A.  Hunter 
master ;    W.  H. 
?r  ;   J.  M.  liicck, 
J.  n.  Cloughlet 
■-,  Jerry  Harnett, 
rtdii,   and   1''.  K, 
ekeeper  ;   Moses 
I'aulsca,   .second 
len,  panlrynKin : 
and  G.  Stei;e, 
iiies  Silva,  John 
liton,  and  Wil- 
li, T.  v.  Smith, 
Wheeler,  J.  I', 
in  Reese.  \V.  D. 
H.  Robertson, 
ith,   Mi.ss  Il.irt- 
.111(1  child,  John 
n  New  York  in 
I'acific  Mail  on 
act  north,   .md 
s  in  a  collision 
was  the  result, 
ij;es  for  injuries 

led  from  Sliod- 
hcir  mysterious 
storm  off  C.i|>e 
lad>  for  Call. 10. 
The  captain. 


in  alter  eonun>  it> 
,  most  of  tile  t  lie 
lid  sidewlli'  <T 
If  '  iitii'otttltt.  iu 
III'  tlicii  ran  S"  ill 
//(>  lor  two  yi  's. 
>  aeeepl  ii  posii   hi 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navic/ation  Company,   Growth  of  British  Columbia  Marine  Industries 


H. 


)f  V 


(1.     The 


dr 


■d 


N'ootka 


id. 


Soiiiu: 

till  list  of  the  crew  escaped.      The  schooners   />.    /..   Clinch   and    Montiiif^    Shir  weXQ  wrecked   in   the   Straits   in 

No'.einlier.  and  the  bark  .///'/  I'irry  in  Appletree  Cove  in  Deceniher. 

Tile  liii.u  ('I'lisio'/.  Captain  Mcl.ellan,  while  (■«/•(>/(/(•  from  Monoliihi  to  Port   Discovery,  was  lost   in   N.iotka 

Sound.  November.  iSOn.    The  vessel  was  dismasted  by  a  liurricaiie  October  15th. 

]\u\    masts  were  riRHcd.  and  she  succeeded    in  enterinj;  the  Straits,  but  was  ir 

(liiMii  ofl"  bv  another  j^ale  and  went  into  the  harbor  at   Xootka.   where  she 

dr.imed  anchor  and  stranded.     There  were  nine  Kanakas  and  thirteen  whites 

al'i'iid  at  the  time  of  the  disaster,  and  all  were  saved. 

On  December  j;,d  the  lirilisli  bark  A'i;«<//(',  a  vessel  of  aliout  400  tons 

hnnlin.  in  command  of  Ca]  tain  Mains,  with  Capt.  William  McCulloch,'  mate. 

u.is  wrecked.     She  was  consigned   to  Stamp  iS:  Co.  of  X'ictoria,  and  had  an 

e\eeei!iiij;lv  valuable-  c-argo,  the  invoie-e  showing  it  to  have  been  worth  nearly 

j;j.....o,io.     The  bark  was  one  hniidred  and  seventy-five  days  out  from  I.oiuUmi 

ulun  she  sailed  lazily   up  the  Straits  on  Sunday,  December  2,v\.  and  struck 

nil  Kaoe  Kiicks  with  such  force  that  she  remained  there.      A  great  ellbrt  was 

ni.ide  to  lloat  her.  but  to  no  piirjiose.  and  she  became  a  total  loss. 

Notable  deaths  in  th"  marine  profession   in    i,S(hi  were  pilot   Hroderick, 

who  was  drowned  off  \'ictoria  harbor,  Captain  Dodd,  of  the  steamer  //nnri-,  and 

Capt,  John  .\.  Hull,  of  the  Hritish  surveying  brig  IV uni fif r . 

Marine  business  ex]>erienced  a  wonder- 
ful development  in  i.Sfu,  and  more  steamboats 
were   built  than    in  any  jirevioiis  year.     The 
4^^  Pacific  Northwest  was  too  far  aw.iy  at   this  period  to  be  niiicli  alTected   by  the 

impending  war,  which  was  to  dis.irrange  matters  .so  complete!)  on  the  other  si<le 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  the  pioneers  continued  to  e-onstruct  steamboats  and 
to  open  lip  new  routes  as  they  had  never  done  before.  Hritish  Columbia,  having 
no  interest  in  the  alfairs  of  t'.ie  Tnited  States,  forged  ahead  in  all  branches  of 
industry,  and  nearly  a  dozen  steamers  were  added  to  the  lleet  plying  on  her  rivers 
and  lakes.  \',ax\\  in  the  year  the  lintciffihc  was  brouglit  from  San  I'rancise'o 
by  the  Curry  brothers  to  riiu  between  X'ictoria  and  the  Sonml,  to  carry  the  mail 
under  the  Parkinson  contract.  Curry  and  Jones  were  in  charge  during  the  lirst 
few  months.  Finch"  was  |iiirser  and  D.  V .  Fee.  '  engineer.  She  entered  the 
field  under  very  fivorable  auspices,  and  <lnriiig  the  first  six  months  gave  the 
l-.li:n  .liiJnsoii  the  hardest  opjiosition  that  she  encountered  during  the  entire  ten 
""'"  '■   ''■'  years  of  her   supremacy.       Within   a   short    time,    however,   a   comproinise   was 

elfeeted.  ,ind   the   /■'nler/^nsr  became   the  iiroperty   of  the   Ilndson's  I!ay  Company   for  a  consideration  of  about 


e  AI'T      \\'MM,\M    MfCl 


\. 


W3, 

liii!  ill 


■M 

ti 

f 

k      '    .     ( 

1 

.  'm 


ri 


11 


,1! 


98 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


$60,000.     She  was  put  on  the  Westminster  route,  making  her  first  trip  March  17,  1862,  and  continued  on  iliat 

run  most  of  the  time  until  1S85,  when  she  met  with  a  serious  accident.      Captain   Swan.son  was  one  of  lier  first 

masters  after  she   lell  into  the  hands  of  the  Hudson's   Hay  Company.       As  an   indication   of  the  business  on 

the  Fraser  River  at  that  time,  lier  manifest  of  a  trip  from  X'ictoria,  April  6,  iS6,^,  shows  that  she  carried  J50 

passengers,  sixty  tons  of  merchandise,   nine  head  of  cattle  and  twenty-three  pack  animals,  and  this  was  only 

one  of  many  equally  as  profitable.       Following  Swan.son  in  command  came  McNeil,   Mouatt,  Wyldie,   Finch. 

Pamphlet,  McKinnon,  Lewis,  Rudlin,  McCuUoch,  Gardiner,  and  others.     In  i.SS,^  she  was  extensively  overhauled 

and  repaired,  and  ran  regularly  to  Westminster  under  Captain  Rudlin  until  July,  1885,  at  which  time,  while 

on    her  way   from  Westminster  to  X'ictoria,  she  collided  with  the  steamer  J?.  /'.  Rillwl.     The  Hiitcipn'.u-  recL-ived 

the  blow  fair  on  the  port  bow,   and  before  its  force  was  expended  the  side  of  the  wheelhouse  and  the  foremast 

were  carrie<l  away.     The  dama.ye  was  so  extensive  that  she  was  stripped 

and  abandoned.      She  was  built  in  San    Fran,  isco  in   1861   by  William  *"'■  ■    ■'■ 

Curry  and  Peter  F.   Doling.     Her  dimensions  were;    length,    1,^4  feet: 

beam,   27   feet   7   inches  ;    depth  of  hold,  6  feet  9   inches.      She  had  a 

walking-beam  engine  ,w  .x  72  inches  and  sidewheels.      The    Wilson   (i. 

Hinil,  which  had  been  lying  for  a  year  in  James   Hay,  was  taken  round 

to  the  Columbia  by  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  which  at 

this  time  purchased  every  .steamer  which  came  into  its  territory.     Tho.se 

rnnning  on  the  Fraser  were  for  a  short  time  operated  under  the  name 

of  the  Hritish  Columbia  &  \'ictoria  Stea' .  Navigation  Company.     Tlii.-. 

organization  was  formed  in  June,  and  iiicuuled  the   I'o/oiul  Moodv.  Co:- 

cnior  /^oiii;las,   .Uiir/ci,    lloftr,   1  Ifiniiitti.  wwA  hlyhiii  Ihitchmiiii."     Farly 

in  the  year  Capt.  William   Irving  made  the  first  successful  trip  to  Vale 

with  the  steamer  Colonel  Moody.     The  Moody  ran  the  most  of  the  time 

from  New  Westminster  to  Harrison  River  and  Hope,  the  I'lying  Ihildi- 

maii  and  the  llinrictta  on  Harrison  Lake  to  Port  Douglas,  and  the  Uoftc 

from  Hope  to  Fmery's  Bar.     The  combination  succeeded  very  well  for  a 

time,  but  the  inevitable  opposition  appeared  when  the  steamer  i'liioii,  a 

small  steruwheeler  built   at  Cayoosh    Flat    by  J.    Hraniley,  entered  the 

field  against  the  compai  v.      She  was  in  charge  of  Captain  Doanc,  with 

John  Huntoon,  purser,  an1  was  launched  July   i.^tli,  doing  a  very  fair 

business  considering  her  size,  for  she  was  'nit  70  feet  long  and   14  feet 

beam,  with  9  x  ,^0  inch  engines.     Captain    Uoane  left  her  in   1862,  and 

was  succeeded  by  Captains  IVighlon,  Sprague  and  Hngby. 

Three  steamers,  the  /.ady  of  the  Laki\  Cliampion  and  Marcillu,  were  built  this  year  for  the  growing  trade 
on  the  lakes  tributary  to  the  upper  Fra.ser.  The  l.ady  of  llu-  Lake  was  not  intended  for  a  record  breaker  in 
point  of  speed.  She  was  provided  with  a  pair  of  engines  so  small  that  they  were  hardly  able  to  make  a 
standoff  with  a  stiff  l)reeze,  l.nit  with  a  pressure  of  one  hundred  pounds  of  steam  she  made  her  way  about  the  lake 
rapidly  cTiough  for  all  purposes.  The  dimensions  of  the  steamer  were  :  length,  72  feet;  beam,  i.s  feet;  ikiitli. 
4  feet,  with  engines  '1x24  inches.  The  Cliamf>io>i,  the  first  steamer  on  Seaton  Lake,  was  a  steruwheeler,  ion 
feet  in  length  and  about  22  feet  beam.  When  first  built  she  was  fitted  out  with  very  small  engines,  but  in  ish;, 
alterations  were  made  ."'id  new  ones  12  x  36  inches  substituted.  The  trade  in  which  she  was  engaged  did  not 
recpiire  a  very  fast  steamer,  and  with  her  i2inch  engines  she  made  a  far  belter  showing  than  the  bateaux  whieh 
had  preceded  her.  The  MoicclUi,  rnnning  on  Lilloet  Lake  in  1861,  was  a  steruwheeler  '^lo  feet  long,  propelled  hy 
a  pair  of  engines  7  x  2i  inches,  She  made  her  first  trip  on  ihe  lake  in  May,  and  contiinied  running  for  three 
years,  at  which  time  she  was  found  to  be  entirely  too  small  and  slow  for  the  increasing  trade  and  was  cast  :i>idc. 
Two  new  propellers  appeared  at  Victoria  in  iSfu,  the  first  of  this  class  of  steamers  to  be  constructed  in  the 
province.  The  Emily  /foiris  was  set  afloat  January  3d  by  Peter  Holmes,  the  builder,  for  Harris,  Carroll  iV  C<i 
She  was  followed  a  few  months  nier  by  \.\\c  i'ariboo,  a  famous  craft  in  British  Columbia  history.  The /-/i/'/i,' 
/liililiiiuui  also  (".'.tered  the  lists  this  year.  At  Sooke  a  fine  schooner,  the  .Inn  7\ulor,  was  launched  in  M.irch 
for  the  Sandwich  Island  trade. 

The  steamer  Emily  Ifairis.  Capt.  .Mexander  Court,  left  X'ictoria  for  Fraser  River  points  on  her  initial  irip 
March  ist,  with  eighty  tons  of  miscellaneous  freight,  and  continued  in  that  traffic  for  .several  years  as  a  joli'ins 
steamer.  She  also  ran  between  Xanaimo  and  \'ictoria  carrying  coal,  and  towing  whenever  work  coiihl  he 
secured.     Court  was  succeeded  by  Captain  Titcomb.  the  pioneer  X'ictoria  pilot  ;  Wallace,   Chambers,   .Mclni  ish 

'"The  l-'lyiiig  Dulihiiuin  was  a  sm;ill  sU-riiw!'L-eU-r  liuilt  Ijy  William  Moore  for  tin-  I^'rii-er  Uiver  Ir.idf,  in  the  fall  of  iSfci.  bill 
owiuK  t"  •' delay  ill  rei-eiviiiK  her  iimchiiicry,  wliiili  came  up  from  .Sail  I'raiicisco  on  tlie  old  hark  I'iikciy,  t\\i\  not  make  lici  trial 
trip  iitilil  Jainmry  21,  1S61.  She  was  iiiiielyllirec  feel  loii^.  seventeen  feet  lieani,  with  1  2  x  ,^6  im-h  eiixiiies,  anil  was  speedy  foi  that 
period.  Moore  and  his  sons  van  her  for  a  few  ye.ns  wiili  iuclilTerent  snceess,  and  in  1S64  sol.l  an  interest  in  the  vessef  to  ipt 
"Delaware"  Iiislev,  a  well  kiiowii  eharacter  in  l'"rascr  River  steamhoaliii^;.  The /•'/i/h!,'  nuUhtiian  soon  .afterward  heeauie  ;  laii- 
cially  involved  and  was  taken  to  the  .Aineriean  side  aii'l  purchased  hy  one  of  tile  mill  companies  lint  little  work  w.is  perforni'  !  In 
tlie  steamer  in  these  waters,  ami  the  engines  were  renioveil  ami  placed  in  tlie  steamer  Linn'  ,  one  of  the  first  slernwheelers  .on- 
stnictecl  on  the  Sound. 


CAI'T.    w.   j     nOANK 


The  Oregon  Stunm  Nav'ujation  (^nmpany,  Growth  of  British  (iolamhin  Marirv  lin/ostrica 


99 


initial  nip 
a  joliMng 
coiilil  ln^ 
Mflii!  '-h 


It 


Ili'A  tt.  (ireeinvdnil  and  Krain.  The  latter,  an  American  who  went  to  Hritish  Colunihia  from  Coos  Hay,  was  tlie 
hi-l  in  coininand,  nieelins  death  with  two  coinpanions  wlien  llie  steamer  exploded  her  holier  in  .Xugnsl,  1.S71  1  see 
wai  k  of  /■iiiiilv  /fani.i,  1S71  1,  Tlie  dimensions  of  the  h'.iiiily  /forris  were  :  length,  one  hnndred  feet;  heam,  sixteen 
fuct  --ix  inches;  depth,  six  feet.  Her  engines  were  twelve  hy  fifteen  inches  and  drove  a  projieller  fonr  and  01  e-half 
feut  ill  diameter,  with  six  and  one-half  feet  pitch. 

The  steamer  Cariboo,  or,  as  she  was  afterward  called,  the  Canlvo  ami  /'(y.  had  fnlly  as  varied  and 
iiiti- It  sting  a  career  as  any  craft  that  ever  steamed  abont  the  waters  of  Hritisli  Cohimhia.  .She  was  luiilt  in  1.S61 
hy  C.ipl.  .\rchil)ald  Jamieson,  formerly  engaged  in  steamhoating  on  the  Willanijtte  River.  Her  engines,  which 
were  of  the  oscillating  pattern,  .seventeen  hy  thirty-six  inches,  arrived  at  \'ictoria  on  the  brig  Maireila  from  Scot- 
l.iiil  in  .Mav,  and  the  Cariboo  left  \'ictoria  on  her  first  voyage  July  261I1  for  New  Westminster  and  I-'ort  Douglas. 
The  initial  trip  was  a  .success,  but  on  the  second,  earl)  in  .\ngust,  she  met  witii  a  terrible  accident.  Leaving  the 
IlniUon's  Hav  Company's  wharf  at  j:;,o  in  the  morning,  she  passed  down  the  harbor,  and  while  rounding  Shoal 
I'dint  her  boiler  exploded,  instantlx'  killing  Archibald  Jamieson,  captain  and  owner  ;  his  i)mther  (ieorge  Jamieson. 
,i--^i--lant  engineer  :  William  Allen,  chief  engineer  ;  John  Sparks,  mate  ;  Dan  Foley,  fireman  ;  P.  (iarro,  passenger, 
,uul  ,111  unknown  deckhand  :  injuring  Henry  Gray,  the  jiilot  :  John  Reed,  deckhaml  :  Willi, im  Tysmi,  steward; 
jMil  .Meek  Steward,  carpenter.  The  cause  of  the  explosion  was  never  accurately  determined,  as  all  those  in  a 
jMMiion  to  know  were  killed  in  the  disaster,  but  it  was  generabj-  attributed  to  low  water  in  the  boiler.  The  ver- 
dict of  the  coroner's  jury  censured  the  dead  engineer,  who  had  occupied  the  same  position  on  the  Calrdoiiia.  w'-'.h 
UMS  blown  up  in  the  (Inlf  of  (rcorgia  two  years  before.  Testimony  l.iken  at  the  impiesl  elicited  the  intormation 
ihat  (111  the  previous  passage,  owing  to  a  defective  pump,  the  captain  had  been  compelled  to  ti  •  uj),  draw  the  fires 
and  lift  the  .safety  valve.  This  siuld 'n  and  terrible  end  of  the  new  steamer  created  a  great  sensalion  in  X'ictoria, 
and  it  was  several  years  before  any  one  made  an  effort  to  do  anything  with  the  hull,  which  had  been  badly  racked 
l)v  the  explosion.  In  i86()  McDougal  Hrotheis  of  Victoria  concluded  that  there  was  still  some  value  in  the 
wreck,  so  they  bought  and  repaired  it,  and,  not  wishing  to  have  it  h,indicapped  by  the  former  name,  they  called 
tile  new  edition  the  /'Ir.  To  this  change  there  was  .some  objection  on  the  part  of  the  ('lovernmeut.  so  as  a  com- 
promise  the  name  (.'ariboo  and  /•'!]■  wns  w^vA.  The  vessel  was  launched  March  5,  1.S60,  and  I'rain  was  her  first 
master.  The  Mc  Don  gals 
kejit  her  hut  a  short  lime, 
Mild  she  sutise(|ueutly  became 
tile  property  of  Moody,  Nel- 
Min  iV  Co.  From  the  time 
iif  jur  reconstruction  until 
iS75  she  jobbed  around  the 
waters  of  british  Columbia, 
tiiwing  and  freighting  wher- 
ever business  offered.  l''rain 
w,is  succeeded  by  Mcintosh. 
Deveieaux.  Wharton,  and 
oilier-..  In  1S75  C  a  p  t  a  i  n 
Spr.ill  purchased  the  steamer, 
.'iiiil,  alter  refitting  her  wiUi 
iivw  inachinery,  put  her  on 
the  Xorlhern  route  in  coin- 
iiKiml  of  Captain  Holmes. 
."^lie  continued  running  here 
and  lielween  Nanaiuio  and 
east  roast  points  for  abcut 
ei^;hl  years,  Capt.  (lecnge 
Kii'iiin  h  a  v  i  n  g  bee  u  in 
eliaiL!!  part  of  the  time.      lu 

Si  I    \  Ml  H        e  Vklll'iii     \M,    1-1   s 

1  "S ;  the  111  a  c  h  i  n  e  r  y  was 

reiiiiived  and  the  vessel  used  as  a  tender  to  the  ./;/,■,  which  had  just  been  .oinpleted.  Captain  Spralt  replaced  the 
maohinery  in  1SS3,  and  Septemlier  uth  she  again  steamed  out  of  X'ictoria  harbm-.  this  time  with  Captain  Caviu 
ill  eiiiiiniand.  In  i.ss.S  C apt.  William  Meyer  was  operating  her  on  the  Xorthern  route,  and  in  the  autumn,  while 
returning  I'rom  Skeena  River  to  X'ictoria  with  a  cargo  of  salmon,  she  took  a  sheer  from  the  course  and  stranded  in 
C.reeiuille  channel.  The  ciptaiu  and  crew  came  to  N'ictoria  on  the  steamer  (Jidihl, f>.  anil  the  wreck  was  sold  to 
1..  (■ii'idacre  for  S-.i>,so,  and  the  ,v-,Si>  cases  of  salmon  in  the  cargo  brought  5'', "5".  The  steamer  was  then  lloated, 
taki  :i  ii  N'ictoria  and  repaired.  In  i.Si)2  she  was  bought  by  the  Royal  Canadian  Canning  Company  and  left  on 
1ki  li'si  trip  to  the  Skeena.  June  Jist,  in  charge  of  Capt.  C.  Iv  Menyon.  She  continued  in  use  until  i,s<i|.  niid  the 
eiigrivuig  in  this  history  is  nia<le  from  a  photograph  taken  soon  after  she  was  tied  up  in  the  fall. 


bl 


11;  '  1  '* 


i        ''^ 


I      I 


I^fW 


I     ! 


h   ! 


I 


lOO 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Cai-t.  I-;ri,AR  Wakkman 


An  important  change  in  the  ocean  service  between  San  Francisco  and  Northern  ports  took  place  in  is6t, 

the  Pacific  Mail  selling  out  their  interests  in  the  North   to  HoUaday  &  Flint.     The  six   steamships,   Coi/e:, 

Orfiroii,  Sierra  A'lvadii,  Republic.  Panama  and  Fremont,  were  sold   for  $250,000,  about  the  \'alue  of  any  out,'  of 

them  in  gooc'  order.      The  I'remont  was  changed  into  a  bark  soon 

after  the  purchase,  but  the  others  continued  in  their  old  occupation,       "■  .    /  1,.  .^i 

officered  as  follows;   Corte:,  Captains  Huntington  and  Dall  ;  Oregon, 

W.  H.  Hudson  :   Sierra  Xei'ada,  Wakenian;"  Panama,  J.  S.  VV'atson.       '  . 

The  California  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  on  the  Northern  route      , 

with  the  Brother  Jonathan,  Captain  Staples,  and  the  Pacifie,  Captains 

Hnrns  and    Patter.son.     Captain  Staples  '  was  killed  in  Portland  by  a 

gaml)ler  named  Patterson,  and  his  mate,  De  Wolf,  was  given  command 

of  the  ship,  and  Captain  Patterson  left  the  Paeifieio  succeed  Captain 

Fauntleroy  on  the  steamship  Massachusetts.     The  pioneer  steamship 

California  was  also  in  the  trade,  in  charge  of  Captain  Whiting.     The 

.Santa  Cruz,  a  well  known  old-timer,  was  loaned  to  the  Government 

and  fitted   up  as  a  revenue  cutter,  sailing  under  the  name  General 

.Sumner.     The  steamship  Pacific,  while  on  her  way  down  the  river 

from   Portland    in  July,   .sank   at  Coffin   Rock  and  came  very  near 

remaining  there  and   avoiding   the  worst  marine  disaster  that  ever 

happened  on  the  Coast.     I'nfortunately,  as  it  proved  subsequently, 

she  was  rai.sed  after  several  days'  work.     The  steamer  Exfircss  took 

the  Portland  fire  engine  down  to 
pump  the  water  out,  and  she  steamed 
to  San  F'ranci.sco  for  repairs. 

All  of  the  minor  details  of  the 
Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company 
having  been  arranged,  its  organiza- 
tion was  effected,  and  at  a  meeting  held  in  January  the  following  officers  were 
elected  :  J.  C.  Ainsworth,  president  ;  D.  F.  Bradford,  vice-president :  ('■,  \V. 
Murray,  secretary;  J.  C.  Ainsworth,  J,  S.  Ruckel,  I,.  W.  Coe,  vS.  Ci.  Reed  and 
I).  F.  Bradford,  directors.  The  business  of  the  company  on  the  Cascade  ruiue 
was  handled  by  the  Julia  or  the  Carrie  Ladd,  with  the  .i/ountain  /luck  makini; 
occasional  trips.  On  the  upper  river  the  Colonel  Writ; lit  made  an  exploriiif; 
voyage  to  the  interior,  going  up  the  Clearwater  to  within  twelve  miles  ol  tlit 
forks.  She  was  several  days  making  her  way  u]),  but  came  down  a  distance 
of  ,^25  miles  in  le.ss  than  twenty-four  hours.  To  acconnnodate  the  growing 
trade  on  the  upper  Columbia,  the  company  constructed  the  steamer  Ol:anox<in. 

which,  with  the  I'enino.  which  Thompson  and  Coe  had  commenced  to  build  at  the  time  of  the  organization,  gavetlieni 

abundant  facilities  for  all  the  business  then  offering,  although  it  was  not  necessary  to  carry  a  great  bulk  of  f!cij;ln 

to  make  large  profits.     The  Tenino,  the  second  boat  on  the  upper  river,  unfurled  the  flag  of  the  big  company 

"  Capl.  KdK^i"  Wakeniaii,  belter  known  as  "  Neii "  Wakenian,  wa.s  born  in  Conncclicut  in  tbf  year  1S12.  and  it  is  donbtlul  if 
any  sleanisliip  conimaniler  ever  enjoyeil  (greater  or  more  merited  popularity.  Inasnuicb  as  a  pub'isbed  narrative  of  his  faiiio'i* 
exploits  on  the  bi^h  seas  tilled  an  interesting  liook  of  four  hundred  payes.  it  is  ditlicult  to  do  him  justice  iu  a  work  of  this  iiainre. 
He  first  came  into  1  lominetice  by  running  away  from  New  York  in  1S50  with  the  steamer  \cw  ll'in/il.  bound  l"or  the  Pacific  C'lai^i 
(see  steamer  .N't'rc  U'orltf,  i.S'S.(j.  On  reachinj^  San  I'raucisco  he  saileii  on  the  Southern  co.ast  and  to  .Australia  for  ;i  time,  and  then 
went  back  to  New  \'ork,  where  Conimodore  Vaiiderbilt  placed  him  in  charge  of  the  steam  \acbl  jVortli  .Stiti ;  but,  liefore  he  went  on 
board,  the  I'nited  Stales  bench  warrant  for  piracy,  in  rnuninj;  away  with  the  .\'('.-('  U^ocltt,  was  re\'ived.  Tbronj^h  the  as^:istaIu■e  itl 
X'anderbilt,  Wakeman  w.is  put  on  board  ;i  California  steamer  while  the  marshal  was  searcliiii,i.j  for  him.  On  arriving  .at  .'^an 
I'rancisco  be  was  eiiKajjed  by  William  II.  Rrow  11.  for  whom  be  briniKbl  the  Neto  U'aild  out,  to  return  ami  iierform  a  like  service  Hitli 
the  .S'«//>;7v('.  When  lie  re.iched  the  .'Xtlantic  seaboard  be  was  arrested  on  the  old  piracv  chjir^^e.  but  released  on  bonds.  The  day 
the  .Si/i/ii  i.se  was  ready  to  sail,  his  bondsmen  went  into  court  and  nave  him  nj).  Wakeman  was  present,  but  left  the  courtroom  witii 
the  crowd,  and,  wheu  the  oflicers  were  sent  to  brin^"  him  before  the  jiul^^e,  thev  ascertained  that  he  was  half  way  to  Sandy  Huc.k 
with  the  .S'«;/o  /vc,  aKain  biuind  for  California.  The  steamer  made  the  trip  under  sail  au.\  easy  steam  in  aliout  four  months,  aiiil  nn 
.arriva'  Wakeni  111  received  his  salary  of  if^oo  a  nioiitb,  but  failed  to  secure  the  5io,otH>  interest  in  the  bo.it  which  bad  beei.i  ]irotnise<i. 
He  w.is  next  in  command  of  a  sailing  vessel  for  two  years,  and  then  on  the  Ilolladay  steainshiiis.  While  ruuiiin;,'  tlie./c//"  /,. 
.SV( ■/>//(•« 5,  the  craft  was  sei/.ed  by  the  Mexicans,  and.  but  for  the  diplomacy  and  vigorous  action  of  Captain  Wakem.an,  it  woiiM  have 
been  confiscated  and  the  crew  and  p.-issengers  made  jirisoners  of  war.  The  owners  of  the  .S/r^liciis  f.dled  to  appreciate  the  valnalile 
service  rendered,  so  the  skipper  left  their  employ  and  took  charge  of  the  steamship  .  liHt'ciiii.  hi  iShj  he  went  b'ast  to  brink'  nut 
the  sidewheel  steamer  t>.  C.  /fiiUiiiK.  She  sailed  from  New  York,  November  istli,  and  two  days  later  was  battered  to  pieces  iii  tlie 
(Viilf  Stream,  Captain  Wakeman  and  eij^ht  others  alone  surviving  out  of  a  crew  of  forty.  On  reaching  the  Pacitic  the  Cajitain  -piMit 
considerable  time  at  the  .Sandwich  Islamls,  ami  in  June,  1S72,  took  the  steamship  .Ui>/io>ii;ii,  rnnniiiH  between  .San  I''raneisco  anil 
Honolulu;  but  on  his  second  voyage  he  was  stricken  with  ])ar.alysis,  which  dis.abled  his  entire  rijjlit  side  and  ended  his  lone  anti 
eventful  career  on  the  water.     Three  years  after  this  bamentable  misfortune  deat'i  ended  his  sulTerinjrs, 

"Ca])l.  C.eori^e  W.  .Staples,  well  known  as  a  ])ioneer  sailing;  master  ami  afterward  :•  i  a  steamship  captain,  was  shot  11 
Pioneer  Hotel  in  I'orll  iml  by  a  gambler  named  Patterson.  There  was  considerable  feeling  at  this  time  over  tlie  war,  and  Patlc 
who  was  a  ral>i<l  rebel,  mide  some  insultinx  remarks  about  the  ('loverniiient,  which  led  to  a  scrimmage,  a.  the  close  of  whi' 
retreated  upstairs,  followed  by  several  who  intended  to  have  him  arresteil.  He  warned  them  not  to  follow,  and,  as  he  ! 
reputation  as  .a  ^uii  lighter,  they  were  all  afraid  except  Stajiles,  who  started  to  ascend.  Before  he  reached  the  to^i,  Patterson 
him  tlinni>,di  the  heart.  The  murilerer  was  .icipiitted  and  left  Portland  for  Walla  Walla,  where  he  was  finally  killed  in  a  s  oou 
brawl . 


CAPT.   OEOBOB   W.    STAT'I.FS 


die 
-on, 
[he 
d  a 
hot 


i      i    I 


m 


e  grouiiiK 

gave  Ilium 
i  of  ficiKllt 
g  coiii|iany 


The  Oregon  Ste9m  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Columbia  Marine  industries 


lOI 


wIki;  -.Ik-  entered  the  water  in   1862.      She  was  built   at  Des  Chutes,  and  ran  faster  and    made  more  money 

thiui  any  steamer  that  lias  followed   her  on  that  portion  of  the  Columbia.     While  this  assertion  may  not   be 

iiukIi  nf  a  compliment   to  the  steamer's  speed,   it  is  saying  a  great  deal   for  her  money-making  ability.      Her 

dimensions  were  :  length,  1,^6  feet;  beam,  26  feet ;  deiitli,  5  feet 
y  inches.  The  engines,  17  x  72  inches,  were  new  from  the 
shops.  John  Gates''  assisted  in  the  construction  and  was  her 
first  engineer.  Leonard  White  was  given  command  at  the  start, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Felton,  Iv.  W.  Uaugliman,  J.  H. 
D.  Gray,  V,.  F.  Coe,"  and  Thomas  and  John  Stump.  The  Ttiiino 
was  operated  for  all  she  was  worth  during  the  first  few  years 
of  her  existence,  and  in  1867  was  so  badly  strained  that  she  had 
to  be  rebuilt.  She  served  acceptably  for  about  ten  years  after- 
ward, but  finally  struck  a  rock  while  coming  down  the  river, 
and,  as  her  hull  was  old  and  somewhat  decayed,  it  was  decided 
to  remove  hei  engines  and  place  them  in  another  boat,  the  AVrr 
Ti-nino.  The  steamer  Okauogun  was  also  built  at  the  mouth  of 
the  IJes  Chutes,  and  during  the  first  few  years  of  her  existence 
was  commanded  by  Capt.  Charles  Felton,  with  John  Gates, 
engineer.  She  ran  on  the  upper  tiver  in  command  of  Felton, 
Haughnian.  Coe,  and  Fred  Wilson  until  1866,  when  Captain 
Stump  brought  her  over  Tumwater  Falls.  She  was  the  first 
steamer  that  ever  made  this  trip,  and  the  time  from  Celilo  to 
the  mess-house  was  twenty-seven  minutes.  She  did  but  little 
work  on  the  middle  river,  and  in  February,  1867,  Captain 
Stump  continued  the  downward  journey  and  piloted  her  over 
the  Cascades.  In  shooting  the  rapids  she  took  a  sudden  sheer, 
and,  before  the  veteran  could 
straighten  her  up,  struck  a  large  ■ 

rock  almost  in  their  midst.   The 

collision  tore  a  big  hole  in  her  hull,  but  the  steamer  came  on  safely,  leaving 

as  a  memento  of  the  accident  her  name,  which  has  since  designated  the  rock 

that  so  nearly   caused    her   destruction.       After   reaching    her   destination    the 

Oktxnogan  was  operated  o;;  the  Astoria  route  in  command  of  Capt.  James  Strang, 

with  William  L.  lUitlon,  engineer,  and  she  followed  this  trade  for  several  years. 

.XiiMiig  the  various  masters  during  her  long  career  were  Captains  Snow,   Reed, 

Huglics,  Condon,  Hal)bidge  and  Smith.     The  opportunities  for  profit  were  not  so 

yreal  on  the  lower  river,  and  the  steamer  never  (juite  equaled  the  record  made 

above,  which  at  one  time  reached  a  total  of  $t5,ocKj  for  three  consecutive  trips. 

The  Okano\^an  was  a  slow-going  craft,    118  feet  long,   24  feet  beam,  and  5  feet 

'>  iiiclies  hold.      Her  power  was  from  a  pair  of  14  x  60  inch  engines,  which  had 

|irevi()iisly  been  used  in  a  Sacramento  River  steamer.     She  was  ugly  in  appear- 
ance, hut  during  her  active  existence  piled  up  as  many  heaps  of  shining  gold  as 

any  of  the  money  gatherers  owned  by  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company. 

Captain  Hoyt  continued  undisturbed  on   the   .-Vstoria  route  with   the   Mitlbioniali.  although  the  steamer 

Lr.iiithaii  was  put  on  the  lower  river  in  October,  with  the  intention  of  ninniiig  regularly.     As  she  was  sixteen 

■''.\s  lonj.r  as  sleaiiitT.s  ply  on  NorthwcsU-rn  watt-rs  Iht'  name  ami  memory  of  Jdhn  liales  will  be  reveretl  alike  by  ilie  men  in 
the  eiijjine-room  and  in  the  pilol-honse.  Tlie  many  labor  saving  inventions  of  this  <|niet  j,'enins  now  in  nse  on  steamboats  will 
l)ri)vi-  a  lasting  moniitnetU  whieh  time  cannot  efTace  ;  anil,  while  the  band  of  the  master  lias  long  been  stilled  in  death,  many  of  the 
li:niilscinie  and  swift  steamers  whieh  he  designed  are  still  spectling  along  the  rivers,  and  experience  has  proved  that  his  work  will 
stand  tile  test  of  years.  Mr.  Gates  was  born  in  Mercer,  Me,,  in  KSag,  and  came  to  California  in  1S49.  .Vfter  working  there  at  his 
trade  as  a  machinist  for  a  short  time,  lie  came  loOregon,  arriving  in  iS^-,  His  first  work  in  Portland  was  as  engineer  for  a  sawmill 
located  .at  tile  font  of  Jelferson  .Street,  bnt  meeting  with  adversity  lie  soon  drifted  into  the  steamboat  business,  sncceeiling  Jacoh 
Kaimii  ;is  chief  engineer  of  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company.  It  was  while  in  this  position  that  his  remarkable  inventive 
geiiuis  displayed  itself,  and  during  the  first  ten  years  of  his  service  wii'i  this  company  he  took  out  twenty-seven  patentson  inventions 
wlnili  have  jiroved  invaluable  in  the  operation  of  steamboats.  Terhaps  the  best  known  and  most  thoroughly  appreciated  of  these 
a|iiili.imi.s  was  tile  Gates  hydraulic  steering  gear,  without  which  it  would  be  ainuist  an  impossibility  to  handle  the  hig  river  and 
Sound  steamers  of  the  present  day  with  any  degree  of  proficiency.  Hesiile  this  an  automatic  oiler,  sectional  boiler,  spark  arrester, 
ash  iMii,  cut-olT  valve,  thumb  screw  for  holding  wheel  ropes,  ami  several  patents  for  steam  pumps,  attest  the  wide  range  of 
his  .ihilities.  Among  the  sti-amers  constructed  under  his  supervision  were  the  (hit'nf,  (htii/rnf,  ./////<'/</,  irit/t-  H'fst,  /hit'sy 
A:ii-\  nth.  K  K.  Thomftsim,  S.  (!.  A'lic/,  /linsalu,  11.  S.  Ilalcrr.  .Iriiiir  Fiirini,  Oiitoiitii,  j/tinrs/  Oiiii'ii,  J/on  11/11  in  Oiifcii.  limma 
/An  III/.  Iliiny  I'illoyd,  John  d'a/rs,  Sf'okaiif,  /loiiihi.  H^r/ii>iiii\  ami  Divie  '/'/itnii/'son.  lie  was  for  many  years  ins;iector  of  boilers 
■nid  .1'  the  lime  of  his  ileatli  in  i.S.SS  was  Mayor  of  the  city  of  rortlaml. 

'Capt.  luigene  I".  Coe  wiis  horn  in  New  Vork  in  i,S42,  but  came  lotlie  Pacific  Coast  when  bnt  a  boy.  He  began  steamboatiiig 
on  '.li  upper  Colnmbia  with  his  brother,  running  for  a  while  as  purser  but  afterward  serving  as  captain  of  nearly  all  of  the  Oregon 
Steaia  Navigation  Company's  steamers  on  the  upper  and  midiile  river.  Subieciucntly  he  went  below  and  ran  the  A'.  A'.  Thoiiipsoii 
lielwf,  II  Portland  anil  the  Cascades,  and  while  the  Norlliern  Pacific  was  transferring  passengers  from  Kalania  to  Porlliind  lie  had 
cliari.;.  "f  the  steainers  in  this  service.     He  died  in  Portland,  January,  1S93,  .iged  fifty-one  years. 


CAl'T.  KCOK.NK    F.  Coi; 


w 


:  :\i 


■\i       \     'f 


\imm 


.:  n 


^.■^' 


11 


1 02 


/.t'w/'s  cj  Drydvn's  Marine  History  of  thu  Pacific  Northwest 


Cai'i    Ciiaki.es  Fklion 


lioiirs  on  the  way  witliout  stops  on  thi;  first  \\\i  trip,  her  owners  conchuled  tliat  slie  was  too  slow  and  ahaiuldiied 
the  project.  On  the  npper  Willamette  the  steamer  Ciiio  was  lannchcd  at  Canemah,  Dctobcr  iijth,  and  went  into 
service  on  the  Vamliill  ronte.  The  Jniiits  (  linloit  was  also  on  the  same  run  until  she  was  destroyed  by  lire, 
connecting  with  the  lixpress  for  Portland.  The  Union  was  Imilt  by  Capt.  J.  T,  Apperson  and  was  christened 
without  the  final  "u,"  but  soon  afterward  passed  into  the  pos.se.ssion  of  Capt.  J.  I).  Miller,  who  was  patriotic 
enoni;h  to  finish  the  name  rej;ardless  of  the  result  of  the  war  then  pending.  She  was  ;  small  sternwlRilir 
ninety  six  feet  Ion);,  sixteen  feet  beam,  and  drew  about  four  feet,  loaded.  Her  power  was  a  pair  of  9  \  48 
inches  engines.  In  i.Sds  she  became  the  ]iroperty  of  'he  Willamette  .Steam  Navigation  Company  and  tht 
following  year  was  sold  to  the  People's  Transportation  Com|.any.     Ca])!.  George  Jerome  commanded  her  during 

i,S67  and  i,s6,s,  and  Captain  Apperson  look  her  again  in  i.Sfu;.    Sebastian  Miller 
was  also  in  charge  for  a  short  time. 

The  steamer  Yiimliill.  built  at  Canemah  by  Capt.  J.  I).  Miller,  was  taken 
to  the  Tualitin  River,  and  made  her  first  trip  between  Layfayette  and 
McMinnville  in  January.  She  was  a  small  sternwheel  steamer,  and  contained 
the  machinery  from  the  //oosiir  but  never  made  a  striking  record  for  siieed. 
Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  .seventy-six  feet :  beam,  fifteen  feet ;  depth,  two 
and  one-half  feet.  Associated  with  Miller  in  her  ownership  were  George 
I,aroc<iue,  Iv  B.  Fellows,  A.  I.  Aiipersou,  T.  Fields,  and  I,  li.  I'iette.  .She  was 
of  very  light  draft,  and,  although  she  could  reach  a  higher  point  on  the  river 
than  the  other  boats,  was  too  small  to  carry  much  of  a  load  on  the  return  trip. 
The  steamer  /ui,t;/i\  which  after  ten  years  of  service  was  apparently  as  fast  and 
stanch  as  ever,  ran  for  a  while  on  the  \'ancouver  route  in  1.S61,  Capt.  J.  I). 
Tackaberry,  '  one  of  the  surviving  pioneer  masters  of  the  Northwest,  servinj; 
as  engineer.  The  Stark  .Street  ferrv  on  tlie  Willamette  again  came  into  tlie 
bauds  of  the  Kuotts,  "  who  had  inaugurated  it  ten  years  before.  The  falls  iil 
the  Willamette  at  Oregon  City  were  the  scene  of  a  feat  in  steamboatiiig  in 
1.S61  that  has  never  been  e(iualed.  The  little  steamer  .S7.  C'/air  was  piloted  over  the  falls  in  December  by  Capt, 
George  W.  Taylor,'  reaching  the  lower  river  in  good  condition  and  immediately  beginning  work  on  the  Ca.scade 
route.  The  ease  with  whicli  the  -SV.  t'/ni/  made  the  i)lunge  proved  that  the  passage  could  be  safely  made,  but 
Captain  Taylor  and  S.  R.  Smith,  '  the  I'ortlanders  who  demonstrated  its  feasibility,  have  never  had  any  imitators 

'■Capt.  J.  I).  Tuckaberry,  who  was  anions  die  first  steaiiibuatiuen  who  received  licenses  in  llic  WillaiiicUf  ilistriit,  lnjjiiii 
an  inU'rosliii),'  career  as  engineer  on  the  steamer  /•.'nf/c,  running  to  Vanconvcr  in  1861,  anil  after  two  years  at  tlie  tlirottlf  took  iiiit 
a  niasler's  license,  and  has  since  liecii  in  charge  of  stcanihoats  on  nearly  every  stretch  of  iiavlnalilc  water  hetwecn  the  Coliinilii;i  .uid 
Alaska.  In  1865  he  solil  his  iiite-est  in  the  /u)i,'/c,  wl'.ich  he  then  owned  jointly  with  Ceorj^e  Main,  entered  the  eniplov  iil  the 
I'eople's  Transportation  Company,  running  on  nearly  all  of  their  steamers  on  the  Willanictle  River,  and  c<nitiniied  with  their 
snccessors,  ami  the  Orenon  .Steam  Navigation  Company,  having  command  of  the  /unian-.n  for  four  years,  and  also  of  the  ('//(V/Zand 
Oiriih'iil.  (Jii  the  upper  Colninhia  he  served  on  the  .lliiiolii  ami  other  steamers,  ami  on  the  middle  river  on  Ihe  //iii  ;rs/  piifiii. 
lielow  the  Cascades  he  was  on  nearly  all  of  the  hest  hoats  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company.  In  i,S7()  he  took  the  lillle 
l/eavti  from  rorlland  to  Victoria,  ami  afterward  ran  her  to  .Mask a.  Heforc  retnniiiig  to  Portland  he  was  on  the  ll'illidiii  Ir.  iiii;, 
and  other  steamers  owned  hy  Irving,  on  the  I'raser  lietween  .New  Westminster  ,ind  Vale.  Prior  to  and  dnring  the  constrnctiun  of 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  he  was  in  charge  of  several  dilfercnt  steamers  on  the  npper  I'r.iser  and  Thompson  rivers.  I-iir  tla- 
past  fonr  or  \\\n  years  Captain  Tackaheny  has  lieen  in  .Mask. in  waters,  conimanding  a  steamer  plying  lietween  Wrangel,  Jniicaii  ami 
the  islands.  He  relnrns  to  Portland  each  year  and  makes  occasional  trips  on  the  Willamette,  where  he  did  his  first  work  over  tliirtv 
years  ago.  In  addition  to  those  previously  mentioned,  Captain  Tackjiberry  commanded  the  steamers  IVrr/r^s  and  /\innli>o/^.\  on  ili'i- 
North  and  .Sontli  Thompson  rivers,  the  .l/nU'dii  on  the  Slickecii  River,  and  the  .S'/7(.r;r  running  from  Hoston  bar  to  I.yttoii  011  iliv 
middle  1-raser.  There  are  a  niimbei  of  men  in  the  Northwest  who  have  had  more  years  of  service,  but  there  are  few.  if  aii\',  uIiom. 
field  of  operations  has  extended  over  so  wide  a  territory. 

".Andrew  J.  Knott,  Portland's  pioneer  ferryman,  was  born  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  November  25,  iSy.  The  fiimily  came  UV-l 
when  he  was  ipiile  young,  and  in  the  fall  of  iS^ci  his  father  inangiirated  a  ferry  service  across  the  Willamette  at  Portland,  in  wliiili 
he  was  assisted  by  the  jnesent  head  of  the  Stark  .Street  Companw  The  pioneer  boat  was  a  scow,  projielled  bv  h,'ind,  Iiuliaiis 
furnishing  the  motive  power.  Dnring  the  first  winter  a  jiarty  of  emigr.ints  arrived  with  a  nnniber  of  cattle  ami  wished  to  crnss. 
When  well  out  in  the  stream  tlie  cattle  became  restless  and  crowiled  to  one  side,  upsetting  the  scow.  Tlie  live-stock  swam  asliort' 
e.isily  eiiongh,  but  the  captain  and  men  were  cinnpelled  to  cling  to  the  sides  of  the  boat  until  she  stranded  some  ili^l nnt 
down  stream.  To  right  the  jiriniitive  craft  was  I'oiind  to  be  a  dilficnlt  matter,  so  Indian  sipiaws  were  engaged  to  carr\  sacks  of  s.iiiii, 
which  they  suspended  on  their  b,icks  by  means  of  bands  over  their  foreheads  ;  this  was  piled  on  the  upper  side  of  the  vessel  miiil  it 
lliiallv  rested  on  all  even  keel.  Mr.  Knott  engaged  in  milling  and  stock-raising  in  1S51,  and  eontiniieil  in  that  business  for  ten  m  irs. 
at  which  time  the  elder  Knott  ami  his  sons  piireliaseil  the  present  Stark  .Street  h'erry,  with  which  .\iidrew  has  been  connected  rver 
since.     The  company  is  now  incorjiorated  under  the  title,   "  Stark  Street  I-'erry  Company,"  of  which  A.  J.  Knott  is  jiresideiit. 

'•  Capt.  I'.eorge  W.  Taylor,  better  known  as  the  "  Cinninodore,"  was  born  in  .Missouri  in  iS,ii,  and  came  across  the  plains  to 
Portland  in  .November,  185^.  His  first  cniploymeiit  in  Oregon  was  in  a  sawmill  at  .Milwaiikie,  ,ind  in  the  I, inn  Citv  Mills  ,it  lln  ^mi 
City,  .\fler  working  on  shore  iiiuil  iSjfi  he  began  steamboatiiig  as  deekliaiul  on  the /('«h;V  (/,;</■,  Captain  .\iiisworth,  going  :t.>iii 
Iter  to  the  AVX',  where  he  served  ,is  fireman.  lie  nest  purchased  an  interest  in  the  //onsii'i,  ninning  from  Oregon  Citv  to  I),iMiiii. 
and  on  December  7.  i.Shi,  bought  the  steam  scow  .SV.  ('/,//;•  above  the  falls  at  Oregon  City  ami  jiiloted  her  over  the  calariiet  the  •  mie 
day,  accomplishiiig  a  feat  which  has  never  since  been  altempteil.  He  ojie rated  the  SI.  C  '/ttir  between  Piirtland  and  Oregon  Cit\  11  til 
the  s]iring  of  18(12,  when  she  was  put  on  the  Cascade  route.  p;arly  in  i8n.(  Captain  Taylor  took  charge  of  the  steamer  /:'.  P.  I-  it'i 
ami  ran  her  niitil  antninn,  the  next  season  running  the  diminutive  steamer  A'<  ti  Kf  to  ( iregoii  City  and  tlie  Cascades,  and  IoUoaui); 
with  the  little  sidewheel  /'iomvi  in  1,866.  He  then  retired  from  the  river  fiir  six  years  and  engaged  in  draying  in  Portland,  iltcr 
which  he  acquired  the  little  iirojicller  (  hiiiiikk/oii'  I'iiiv  and  used  her  as  a  towboat  for  two  seasons,  then  forming  a  iiartiiershi]i  nil 
I'red  Congilon  and  buying  the  ste;iiner  Onrnjitii  for  the  same  service.  He  soon  juirchased  Congdon's  interest,  ami  in  |88^  constn  te-l 
the  pmiieller  Osui\i;i'.  which  he  used  in  connection  with  his  lightering  and  wood  business  In  i.S.Si)  he  pnrchaseil  the  Saliiii,  v.  iili 
he  employed,  as  an  excursion  steamer  and  towboat  until  181^1,  at  which  time  he  put  her  011  the  Dayton  ronte,  where  she  has  iice 
continueif,  except  at  intervals  while  engaged  in  towing. 

'"S.  K.  .Smith  of  the  //oosii)  has  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in  .Northwestern  marine  circles  for  forty  vears  and  has  viii 
considerable  swift-water  navigation.  He  assisteil  Captain  Taylor  to  bring  the  .SV.  C'laii  over  the  falls  at  Oregon  City,  was  ^it!l 
the  S/iiis/ioiii'  when  she  came  through  .Snake  River  Canyon,  ami  took  the  steamer  .Siii:cv  up  the  h'raser  from  Vale  to  I.vtt'on.  I'e  is 
at  present  residing  in  Portland,  working  as  a  contractor. 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company.  Growth  of  British  Colombia  Marine  Industries 


103 


Sivcral  Govenimenl  vessels  were  stationed  for  a  jiortioii  of  the  year  at  Msciiiimalt,  amoii^  tlieiii  the  fla^jship 

/uii,/hi'//i\  the  corvettes  Miiliitf  and   llctal< ,  and  the  ji;unl)oats  Ciiitpf>li>  and  I'oiivaid.     The  latter  was  sent  up  to 

Cape  Mud>;e  to  recover  some  stolen  property  from  the  Ilydah  Indians, 
and  when  its  mission  was  declared  the  Indians  hecanie  so  hostile  that 
a  skirmish  ensued,  and  the  commander  of  the  /wrivi/v/ (lri)])ped  a  few 
shells  amonjf  their  canoes  and  cami)s  l)ef()re  they  surrendered  their 
^  position.      Many  of  their  canoes  were  ruined  and  several  of  the  tribe 

killed  and  injured.  It  was  a  le.sson  they  had  lonj?  needed,  and  its 
wholesome  effect  endured  for  several  months.  The  steamers  Sliubihk 
and  ^fllssa(llllS( Its  and  the  revenue  cutter  /c/f  Pan's  represented  the 
United  States  in  the  Northwest  at  different  periods  during  the  year. 
The  United  .States  brig  h'nuntlooy  sjjent  .some  time  in  Coos  Hay 
miking  a  complete  survey  of  the  bar  and  harbor.  Capl.  Charles  II. 
Willoiighby '■'  was  with  her  as  sailing  master. 

The  Hellingham  Hay  coal  mines  furnished  business  for  several 
coasters  which  had  previously  been  dependent  on  lumber  fur  return 
freight  to  San  I'rancisco.  Among  the  number  thus  engaged  were  the 
bark  Aiiirl/iysl."'  which  carried  away  five  cargoes  with  a  total  of  :!,474 
tons ;  the  Vukriy,  four, 
1,230  tons;  the  /h  At.  I  [all, 
three,  916  tons  ;  the  l.cono- 
sa,  three,  512  tons;  and 
the  barks  A  lick/and.  //'.  U. 
StiiiiitoH,  A'tii riti/i/ssir  and 
W'liviht,  one  each,  the  total 
aggregating  over  2.0c jo  tons. 

of  which  the  (/'(/rc/c/ carried  878  tons.     The  I'nget  .Sound  lumbering 

iiuhislry  attracted    many   ve.ssels  which  came   from    foreign   ports  in 

ballast,  in  addition  to  those  which  brought  cargoes  to  X'ictoria  and 

other  ports.     This  lleet  in    1861   included  among  other  craft  the  ships 

fiiii  llriloii.  /ubttid,  Sa/di/iia,  MassdiliKsells.  lidilli  Rose,  Aiii^cla  liav, 

and  liidituiiaii ;    the  barks  J/unlsiilli\  Oak  Hill,  Clnis/op/ur  Milrlitll, 

I'liiioH,   I'loifiicc.   Kaffir  Cliii/\   Rcliitvcr,   A'.  /('.  Wood,  Zona,  /■'iniiris 

I'oimn,  Adelaide  Cooper,  Metropolis,  and  Paliiiello :    the  Cliilean  barks 

Colonel,  Picade,  .llberlo,  and  /.  .J/.  .S'.,  and  the  Danish  bark  /'(i«.    The 

hark  Ihk  was  ,sol<l  to  the  Port  Discovery  Mill  Company  in  1861  and 

uiiltreil  the  hunber  traffic.     Other  barks  engaged  along  the  coast  were 

the  .I/i(' r.  Xarraiiiissic,  Xellie  Merrill,  Midas,  .lliiialia,"  Industry.  I.iie 

Yonkee,  and  Saitiiiel  Merrill,  the  last  four  regular  liners  between  San 

Kraiicisco  and  Northern  ports.     The  barkentines  Jane  .{.  /'alkeiiberi;. 

Captain  I'.rskine,'"'  and  Monitor,  and  the  brigs  liiieri^y,  .Merehantinan, 


Cait,  J.  1).  Tackaiikkrv 


ANIiKK\V     J,    KVOTr 


"Capl.  Cliarles  II.  \Villonj^hl)y  wa.s  born  in  New  l.oiuloii.  Conn..  January  i.|,  iS^j.  and  at  thf  a^e  oftwi-ive  yt*ars  went  lo  sea 
as  a  i-ahiii  boy.  ro.'^e  rai)i(n\-  in  tbe  ranks,  and  at  Ibe  a>;e  o!"  twenty-one  took  eliar^e  ot*  a  vessel  sidling  out  of  \ew  York  for  IlonolnUi 
and  r.u-ilu-  p(»rls.  lie  be^^an  running  re^uhirly  in  North  raeific  waters  in  tlie  early  sixties,  the /■-V/'c*/ ./;/./'■/ .v*"/  h.avinj^  been  one 
of  his  I  ninnianiis.  lie  was  also  on  the  steamship  Pakoto,  and  I'or  several  years  was  s.iiling  master  on  the  (dd  I'liited  .states  surve\iii^ 
hri^'  launtlerov.  lie  was  at  one  time  master  anil  third  owner  of  the  pioneer  bark  .\'<//7(///// W/, ,  one  of  the  best  known  vessels  on  tile 
Coast  111  her  dav.  It  was  while  iiinler  Captain  \Villonnhby  that  the  bark  eseeeded  all  other  lonj;  pa-saye  reeonls.  haviiii,'  been 
sixty  three  ilays  from  San  I-'raneiseo  tii  Port  .\iij;eles  isee  bark  iWirrinnissitK  .\  few  years  later  Captain  WiUonyhby  distin^iiiislied 
lli^l^ell  by  saving  the  sehooner  l.olita,  wliieh  liad  stranded  on  the  roel.s  in  Port  Townseiid  Hay  and  had  been  niveii  up  by  the 
fapt.iiii.  I'or  this  art  lie  was  ])resente<l  with  a  valuable  K<^hl  wateh.  and  received  a  handsome  sum  in  eash  from  the  San  I'raneisco 
liKU'ivviilers.  Retiring  from  the  water  in  i.S;^,  he  was  ap]ioiiited  Indian  anent  at  the  Qiiinalt  Reservation,  retaiiiiiif;  the  jjosition 
until  Iiis  death,  March  6,  iSSS. 

"The  bark  Antetltyst,  destined  in  after  years  to  become  one  of  the  notable  vessels  of  the  Coast,  was  built  in  Hostoii  in  1S21 
(if  livi  11. tk,  copper  fastened,  and  for  the  first  twelve  years  of  her  existence  ran  as  a  packet  betweeti  Hoston  and  Liverpool.  The  next 
l\\<i  dt  ■.  .ides  were  spent  in  the  whalinj.;  business.  She  was  then  operated  in  the  coal  trallic  on  the  Ivistern  coast.  snbse<|iieiitl\-  K^niK 
to  Chilli,  where  she  was  used  in  the  coasting  traile  for  a  few-  years.  .She  lanie  from  there  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  she  was 
eii^ai^id  ill  tr.insporliiij^  coal  and  lumber  until  almi^  in  the  eighties,  when  she  attain  entereii  the  whaling  service,  and  would  probablv 
he  s,ii;iiit;  the  ocean  yet  had  she  not  met  with  a  fatal  disaster  on  the  coast  of  Siberia. 

''  The  bark  ,  Uniotia  was  built  in  Hoston  in  tS57  for  the  Mediterranean  trade,  but  w;i  afterward  sent  to  China  and  from  there 
came  ["  this  coast.  .She  was  registered  at  the  .\storia  eustoni-house  in  1S62  as  owneil  bv  H.  I-'.  Smith  of  Portland.  Thomas  M.  Cutter 
of  llnsti.n,  .lud  J.  \V.  and  J.  C.  \'an  X'orhis  of  Walden,  Mass.  .-Vbel  Richardson,  her  lirsl  master,  was  succeeded  by  J.  J,  No\-es, 
ami  C.iptaius  Winsor  and  J.  \V.  Miller  also  ran  her  in  the  coasting!  trade,  lii  iS7;  she  was  dismasted  in  a  nale  olf  Cape  P'lattery, 
linved  1  Mil)  Victoria  and  refitted  at  an  expense  of  several  thousand  dollars,  after  which  she  loaded  lumber  at  Hiirrard's  Inlet  for 
.\ustr.i::i.  On  the  way  out,  in  tow  of  the  steamer  .V(i«i/(',  she  ran  aground  at  the  entrance  to  Plumper's  Pass,  and  was  so  badly 
Jiuii.i.;'  1  iIku  the  wreck  was  sold  for  ;fl,,VH'.  The  car^o  consisted  of  3VJ.<xni  feet  of  lumber,  most  of  which  w.-is  sa\-ed.  The  vessel 
was  ,,;i,-nvard  released  by  the  Cariboo  Fly  and  a^ain  repaired  and  set  alloat.  In  iSSii  she  again  came  to  grief  on  the  coast  of  China, 
Koiiin  idiore  while  e»  route  frcnn  Too  Chow  to  .SJiaii^jhai. 

'  Caiit.  Melville  C.  Erskine  was  born  in  Bristol,  Maine,  in  I.S(6,  and  cointneiiced  his  marine  service  on  the  .\tlantic  as 
iippri  I.:.  L'  boy  on  the  ship  /iastern  Queen,  riuniiti^  to  Liverpool.   In  1.S53  he  made  a  voyage  to  .\ustralia  on  the  ship  k'ote  Sreeettontt 


■■•'     !    (■ 


'M: 


i! 


w 


\\\ 


U14 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


■i 

P 

%^.. 

T/ 

E^ 

■X  y 

mt 

j^^e^^KTT^H 

Capi.  Mhi.vii.lk  c.  Kkskim- 


./«;/  /Ii-niard,  Sunny  South,  F.mily  W.  Sayburn,  Ciimca,  Shict  Aiuhor,  ('.  Ciininll.  ('/iris/iaii  ant\  '/'(vn/rr  wvri: 

also  coasting,  some  of  them  making  voyages  to  the  Samhvich    Ishiniis  aiui   Soiitli   American   ports.      Several 

schooners  for  the  local  service  were  built  on  the  Sound  this  year,  and  with  the  old-timers  comprised  a  good-sized 

fleet.      Among  those  not    previously  mentioned   were    the  Flyini;  .UisI,  liniiiibhr,   (iciirrdl  ,Ui»xtiii,  /faiiihih, 

Riibicoii,  RiilUss,  U'/'nx'iJA'iKir,  Sarali  Xfuloii,  I'.lla  /•'loniin-,    '/'ohano,  /\xploii>.  (iir/i.t,    /ii/i)  and  k'nlydiil. 

At  the  month  of  the  Columbia  the  schooners  .Ibc  l.iiuvln  and  /.ouh<i  and  the  sloop  J'liiniy  were  launcluil, 

the  latter  by  Fred   Ketchum,  who  built  the  Waxr  in  1S46.     The  /.oidsii  was 

run  by  Capt.  P.  Iv.  Ferchen,"  and   the   .Uu-  Limohi    to   Shoahvater   Bay  by 

George  S.  Foster.     George  \V.  Warren  and  William  Hochan  were  afterward 

owners  of  the  ves.sel  and  continued  to  operate  her  in  the  same  locality.     The 

schooner    ]\'ooJpt<kft\  which  came  from   luigland,  bringing  machinery  and 

supplies  for  the  Barclay  Sound   Mill  Company,  sailed  between  Portland  and 

N'ictoria.  and  made  a  few  successful  trips,  but  met  her  fate  while  crossing  out 

of  the  Columbia,  May  loth,  with  a  caigo  of  flour,  provisions,  and    1(14  head 

of  cattle.     The  schooner  left  Raker's  Bay  at   i2:,^o.  May   loth,  in  charge  of 

Capt.  Alfred  Crosby,  the  bar  pilot.     In  atteini)ting  to  sail  out  .she  missed  stays 

and  got  into  the  breakers.     She  let  go  her  anchors,  but  afterward  slipped 

them  and  tried  to  work  out,  but  was  prevented  from  doing  so  by  the  flood 

tide.     She  finally  struck  in  ten  feet  of  water.     The  cattle  were  immediately 

thrown  overboard  to  lighten  the  ves.sel,  but  by  the  time  this  was  accomplished 

she  was  striking  heavily,  and  the  water  reached  a  depth  of  thirteen  inches  in 

the  well.     This  was  increased  to  three  feet  in  less  than  an  hour,  and,  as  she 

was  .settling  fast,  the  crew  were  compelled  to  abandon  her  without  even  secur- 
ing their  personal  effects.     They  were  picked  up  by  the  pilot  boat  Cali/oniut 

and  taken  to  Astoria.     Ves.sel  and  cargo  proved  a  total  loss,  although  the 

residents  in  the  vicinity  of  Clat.sop  beach  secured  enough  flour  to  last  them  for 

several  months,  and  William  Chance  managed  to  land  one  of  the  cows  alive. 

The  \\'oodf>iiKii  was  a  composite  schooner  and  was  valued  at  about  Si.s.ixin. 
Union  Bar  on  the  Fra.ser  River,  two  miles  above  Hope,  was  the  .scene 

of  a  terrible  steamboat  explosion  on  the  afternoon  of  April   14,  1861.     The 

steamer  /v;/  )'ali\  Capt.  Smith  B.  Jamieson,  while  passing  this  point  was  blown  to 
pieces,  instantly  killing  five  men  and  wounding  several  others.  The  destruction  of 
the  boat  was  so  complete  that  it  seems  a  miracle  that  any  one  escaiied.  Among  llie 
passengers  was  Capt.  William  Irving,  of  the  rival  steamer  Ct'loiif/  .lAwi/y.  CaiUaiii 
Irving  was  in  the  pilot-house  a  few  moments  before  the  accident  occurred,  and  when 
the  dinner  bell  rang  offered  to  steer  while  Captain  Jamieson  went  below.  Jamieson 
laughingly  remarked  that  he  would  not  trust  his  boat  in  the  hands  of  an  opposition 
pilot,  so  Irving  left  him  and,  in  company  with  Messrs.  Langley,  Stevens,  Yale,  and 
Landvoight,  Dr.  Oliver.  Captain  Grant,  H.  S.  Alley,  purser  Barnard  and  barteiKiii 
Barry,  seated  himself  at  the  table.  A  moment  later  the  explosion  occurred.  Ivveiy- 
thing  above  the  deck  was  razed,  and,  as  the  dismantled  wreck  floated  down  the  river, 
the  few  who  were  still  able  to  render  aid  extricated  the  bodies  of  the  dead  and 
wounded  from  the  debris.  Those  killed  outright  were  :  Smith  B.  Jamieson,  captain  ; 
James  Growler,  fireman  ;  Joshua  Buchanan,  cook  ;  an  unknown  deckhand,  and  Sanuiel 
Powers,  a  blacksmith  of  Hope.  The  injured  were  .  Thomas  King,  a  deckhand,  wlio 
lost   a   leg;    James    Allison,    Captain    Grant,    Dr.   Oliver,    J.    l.aiigley,   and    others. 

Kngineer  McGreavy  e.scaped  without  serious  injury.     Captain  Jamie.son  was  a  brother  of  Capt.  Robert  Jamiesnii. 

who  lost    his   life  when    the   steamer  Portland  went  over  the  falls  of  the  Willamette,  and  of  Capt.  Archibald 

Jamie.son  and  Kngineer  Jamie.son,  who  were  killed  by  the  explosion  of  the  Cariboo  a  few  months  later.     While 

antl  returned  to  New  York  a.s  second  male.  In  1-^56  he  was  master  of  the  bark  litdian  Queen  plyinj;  to  the  Mediterranean,  and  two 
years  later  rounded  the  Horn  to  California  as  male  on  Ihe  ship  Ocioii  liillf,  leaving  her  lo  lake  llic  same  jiosition  on  Ihe  famous  "M 
coaster  A/rv  Yuukee,  which  he  hehl  for  a  season,  jinil  then  ioined  the  luilkenhetx,  servinj^  as  male  jtnd  master  ihirin^  the  next  twu 
years.  In  1S62  he  entereil  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Company  as  mate  on  the  v'eanishiii  /'tuilic.  remainini;  with  them  until 
1S65.  He  was  on  the  /Irolher  /oiialluiii  for  a  lime,  hut  left  her  the  trip  hefore  her  liiss  and  went  to  Viclnria,  wiiere  he  was  .i;i.en 
coniinanil  of  the  /■'idelairr,  which  he  retained  niilil  1S6S.  He  was  snhse(|nenlly  in  charge  of  the  steamer  .  llrMiiidn,  and  was  w:th 
her  and  on  the  steamer  Cons/iiiifiHf  until  1H75,  dnrin),'  thai  lime  ruiininf;  the  latter  as  the  first  renul.ir  mail  steamer  on  the  .Xla-ka 
route,  sailing  from  Port  Townsend  and  calling  at  San  Juan  Island,  Tonkas,  Wrangel  and  Silka.  In  .\nnnst,  1S75,  he  went  lo  I'litla- 
del].hia  and  brought  out  the  new  steamer  .SV.  /'an/  for  the  .Maska  Commercial  Company,  arriving  in  San  I'raucisco  in  March.  1S77, 
which  at  once  went  on  the  Alaska  route.  He  continued  there  until  l-'ebruary,  1S93,  when  he  was  appointed  lo  his  present  poslitioii  .is 
pilot  on  the  San  I'rancisco  bar.  Captain  I'>skine  has  had  nearly  forty  years'  experience  on  Ihe  Pacific  Coast,  .and  during  all  tital 
period  has  never  lost  a  man. 

"Capt.  P.  I',.  Kerchen,  who  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  pilol-boat  Caiil'oniiii  in  iSjs.  was  born  in  C.ermany  in  iSvt  and  bej,in 
his  marine  career  in  the  German  Navy.  He  came  to  America  in  1S50  and  in  1S52  was  employed  on  a  lowbiiat  on  the  lower  Mi-  is- 
sii)jii,  remaining  there  until  i-Ss.S.  when  he  came  to  the  Cohnnbia.  I'pon  leaving  the  bar  service  he  engaged  in  steambo.-itiug.  id 
after  working  his  way  up  w.as  apjiointed  one  of  the  .Slate  pilots,  a  position  in  which  he  has  been  very  snccessfid  and  which  he  still  li  Is. 


Cait.  Chas.  n.  \viLi.i»r(.iniv 


Thv  Orvgon  Steaw  Navigation  Company,  Growth  of  British  Columbii)  Marine  Industries 


>05 


till-  '.oirihle  calamities  on  the  Cariboo  and  /'or/  Vale  resulted  in  serious  loss  of  life  and  property,  yet  the 
caiHi/iiiK  "f  "  coujparatively  insignificaiit  freight  scow  on  the  Fraser  caused  more  ileaths  tlian  both  of  the 
stLMinlioat  disasters.  The  scow  was  owned  hy  iJietz  &  Hiillene,  who  had  been  freighting  for  several  months  on 
llu  n\rr,  em|)loying  Indians  to  pull  the  llatboat  up  and  iiown  the  stream.  On  a  down  trip  in  Decend>er  the  boat 
w.i-^  (jvcruirned  at  a  place  known  as  Three  Riffles,  in  the  big  canyon,  and  Captain  Bullene,  a  Norwegian  boatman, 
aiul  iwclve  Indians,  were  drowned. 

The  brig  /'erscverc.  from  San  Francisco  for  Victoria,  a  rotten  old  Dutch  built  vessel  whose  days  of 
iisiluhiess  were  over  a  gre.*  many  years  before  she  started  on  her  last  trip,  foundered  aliout  forty  miles 
ofi"  C.ipe  Flattery  in  Septf  n.ber,  1861.  She  had  been  lying  idle  in  San  Francisco  for  many  months,  and  only 
R-ceiilly  had  been  hauled  out  and  puttied  up  for  the  occasion.  As  soon  as  she  began  to  sink  the  crew 
nislu'il  for  the  boats,  leaving  everything  behind  them,  and  the  last  man  was  hardly  over  the  rail  before 
she  disappeared.  The  survivors  headed  for  Tatoosh,  where  they  were  kindly  cared  for  by  the  keeper  until 
till'  arrival  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  which  took  them  to  Portland.  The  bark  C/eopalra,  a  well  known  vessel  in 
tlif  N'orlhwest,  was  burned  ofT  the  coast  of  Southern  California  while  eii  route  from  the  Sound  with  a  cargo 
of  lMiiil)er.  The  disaster  occurred  July  ist,  and,  when  the  survivors  reached  San  Franci.sco,  the  underwriters 
\vi.re  dissatisfied  with  the  report  and  cau.sed  the  arrest  of  G.  T.  .Smith,  the  captain,  and  Samuel  Stanton,  the  mate, 
iliar^'iiig  them  with  having  set  fire  to  the  vessel.  An  investigation  was  held,  but  the  men  succeeded  in  clearing 
tlieiaselves.  Among  the  deaths  of  the  year  were  Captains  Smith  H.  Jamieson,  Archibald  Jamie.son  and  James  H. 
JamiiMHi,  Capt.  George  W.  Staples,  Capt.  R.  L.  Whiting  of  the  Pacific  Mail  steamers,  Capt.  John  Gibbs  of  Port 
Tcnviiscnd,  a  well  known  deep-wattr  man,  Charles  R.  Robson,  lieutenant-commander  of  H.  II.  M.  gunboat 
/'in-aiin/.  and  Michael  Charlton,  engineer  of  H.  H.  M.  ship  V'(i/>ac. 


,'1! 


liH 


'\ 


li     ;■  ■,■'■' 


'\mm\ 


m 


|M 


'  I 


CHAPTER    VI. 

Thk  (lOi.DKN  Days  ok  tiik  Okkc.on  Stkam  Navkiaiiun  Company  —  Thk  I'koi'I.k's  Tkanspoktation 
Company— I'oKTi.ANU's  1'irst  Skasihk  Uoat  — Hdi.i.ahay's  Jio.ixx)  a  Month  Siiisidy  — British 
Stkamers   "TiiAMiis"    and    "Diana" — Captain  Ikyinc's   "  Riu.ianck  "— Wii.i.iam    Mookk  Ophns 

NaVICATION    on     tiik     STICKKKN     RlYHK  —  STKAMKR     "SiII'HKICK"     X'EKSl'S     I'ORT    TOWNSEND — TlIK 
Ol.niiST   SllIPMASTKR   IN    TIIK    NoRTIIWHST — WRKCK    OK   SCHOONKR   "ToI.O,"    HARK    "  AnN    HARNAHI),  " 

ANii  Schooner  "  Brant  "— Ivstahi.ishmknt  gi-  Stkamuoat  Inspector's  Oi-kick  in  Portland 
—War  and  Peace  Bktwkkn  tiik  Okkc.on  Steam  Nayication  and  Pkopi.k's  Transportation 
CoMPANiKS— Many  \k\v  Stkamkrs  Brii.T— Thk  First  Stkamkr  Ovkk  thk  Rapids  at  Cki.ii.o-- 
Pionker  SoiND  Stkamkrs  "J.  B.  Liiihy  '  and  "Mary  Woodrci-i- " — British  Coli'mhia  Lakk 
Stkamkrs  "  Princk  ok  Walks.'  "  Princk  Alkrkd."  and  "Skaton" — Tiik  "  Narkamissic's" 
I.onc,  Trip  ikom  .San  Francisco  to  thk  .Sound — Tiik  Stkamkr  "New  World"  Arkiyks  on  tiik 
Coh'mmia— Stkami;rs  'Cascadics"  "Vakima,"  and  "Owyiikk" — "  Fannik  Troip,"  ".Sknator,  " 
AND  "  Rki.ianci;"  —Tiik  "Maria"  I'oki-kitiid  to  tiik  rMTKU  Statks  Goykrnmknt  —  Tin; 
"Celii.o"  the  Second  Stkamkr  Over  tiik  Cascades— Tiiic  "  Fiui.latkk  ' — William  Moork's 
.Stkamkr  "  Alkxaxi-ria  "  — Captain  Jimmy  Jonks'  Cki.kmratkd  Cri'isk  with  tiik  "Jknny 
Jones"  —  Picet  .Soi'nd  Stkamkrs  "Black  Diamond  "  and  "  Pionkkr  "  —The  Trc.  "Cyris 
Walker" — \'ictoria's  First  Pilot  .Schooner — Wreck  ok  the  Barks  "Iwanowna"  and 
"Ocean  Bird,  "  and  Schooner  "Cornelia  Terry  "—Boilkr  Explosion  on  Stkamkr  "Mary 
woodrii'i.  " 

lOIITlCl'X    Hl'NDRKD    AN'D    SIXTV-TWO    was    the    Imtiner    year  of  Coliim!)i:i 
River  steainl)oating,   and  everytliiiij;  which  cuuUl  turn  a  wheel   fouml  ahundant  ami 
profitable  oceitpatioti.     Tiie  principal  cause  of  the  rush,  which  was  at  this  time  fairly 
under  way,  was  the  discovery  of  the  .Salmon  River  mines;    and  every  steamship  thai 
left  .San  I'Vancisco  for  the  north  was  crowded 
to  its  utmost  capacity  with  gold-hunters  hast- 
ening to  the  mines.     The  fleet  running  to  the 
Ca.scades  was  fretjuently  unable  to  handle  the 
people  who  arrived  on  the  ocean  steamships, 
and  the  portage  was  blocked  with  freight  for 

days  at  a  time.     The  Julia,  the  Carrie  I.add,  and  later  the  Wilson  G. 

Hunt,   were    in   the   Oregon    Steam    Navigation  Company's   service  as 

passenger  .steamers  on  this  route,  with  the  Rival  and  Imlrfniidciuc  oper- 
ated exclusively  for  freight  and  stock.     A  trip  of  either  of  the  regular 

steamers   with    less   than    two  hundred    jiassengers  was  deemed  light. 

Some    idea  may  be  formed  of  the  vast  number  of  arrivals  when  it   is 

stated  that  the  steamshi])  ISrothcr  Jonalhaii.  on   a  single  trip  in  April, 

landed  one  thousand  jiersons  in  Portland.     The  Oregon  .Steam  Naviga- 
tion Company  were  unable  to  retain  a  monopoly  of  this  fine  traffic,  as  a 

number  of  opposition  .schemes  sprang  up  during  the  year,  all  tending  to 

divert  some  of  the  profits  from  its  coffers.     The  steamer  Maria  was 

brought  around  from  the  Frase.    River  to  inaugurate  a  rival  system  to 

the  upper  country,  to  be  known  as  the  Independent  Line,  but  was  .seized 

by  the  Government  on  a  technical  charge  soon  after  her  advent,  and 

sub.sequently  cut  but  a  small  figure  in  transportation  matters.     It  was 

the  intention  of  her  owners  to  have  her  connect  at  the  Ca.scades  with  the  steamer  J)allis,  on  the  middle  river,  am' 

with  the  new  steamer  Pray,  or  Spray,  as  she  was  afterward  called,  on  the  upper  river.     The  last-named  steamti 


C.M'T,    AI.l-:.\     V-   .^NKKN\ 


The  Oregnn  Strani  Naviy-itinii  Company's  Bvst  l):iys,  M:iiiy  New  StcumtTs  in  Pnyft  Sound  W:)trrs       107 


a.isi.uill  ill  tiK'  siiniiiier  of  iHr>j  at  IVs  Cliiitfs  liy  H.  W.  CorlifU,  Capl.  A.  1'.  Ankeiiy.'  Dr.  D.  S.  llaktr, 
W;]'.:  1111  (laics,  and  Capt,  Iv.  W.  ltaiiKlitii>>ii,  tliu  latter  luaviti^  tlif  ( )rtn<)ii  Slt-aiii  NaviKatioii  C<)m|iaiiy  to  takt- 
iniinn.iiul.  She  was  a  very  profitahlf  boat  and  jiaid  for  liersclt"  tha-i.'  tiinus  over  during  the  first  five  iiioiillis  that 
slu-  A.i^  ill  eoiniiiissioii  ;  hut  in  Marcli,  iMfi.^,  the  Ore^joii  Steam  NaviKatioii  Coiii|)aiiy  gathered  her  in.  as  they  did 
iMntliiiiK  which  iiiterfereil  with  tlieir  business  on  the  river.  After  tile  ehaii;;e  of  ownership  she  \va-<  eoininanded 
h\  Cipl  Charles  l''eltoii  until  iS(i4,  when  Capl.  J.  II.  1).  (Iray  took  c'liar),'e  and  ran  her  nntil  isf.;,  lieiiin  sneceeded 
In  Cipl.  Thomas  Stump.  The  .S/>i<n'  was  a  short  lived  boat,  and,  when  she  wore  out,  her  engines  uere  taken  to 
I'uill.iiicl  and  placed  in  the  steamer  On'inf,  while  the  boiler  was  used  for  a  time  in  the/ix/V  .U<A'i(i>.  The  dimensions 
ul  tin-  steamer  were  :  length,  ii'i  feet:  beam,  22  feet  9  inches;  depth  of  hold.  5  feet  ;  engines,  14  x  4S  inches. 
.Vniilhcr  contestant  for  the  rich  traffic  of  the  Colnmbia  was  Captain  \'an  MeiKeii,  who  secured  the  mail  contract 
liilutrii  Portland  and  The  Dalles,  and  was  early  in  the  field  with  an  organi/.-ition  which  he  termed  the  People's 
Line,  llie  steamers  . /i/cAf/i/i'  and  .S7.  ( 7i(//- perl'orminn  the  service  lielow  the  Cascades  and  connecting  with  the 
ste, liner  Jht/lis  plyiilj;  above  the  rapids.  The  I .iiinlhiin  also  ran  between  Portland  and  the  Cascades  for  a  short 
time  She  was  owned  by  Capt.  Richard  IIo\t,  and  was  chartered  to  Mossniaii  i*v: 
Co  to  cirrv  express  matter  to  the  Cascades  to  connect  with  \aii  HerKcn's  steamer 
uii  llie  middle  river. 

It  was  late  in  |8'>J  before  these  ventures  were  fairh  under  wav.  and 
imiinvliile  the  Oregon  .Steam  Xavi^jation  Com]>any  enjoyed  a  prosperity  bejoiid 
;ill  pKi'cdent.  I'Vom  figures  obtained  from  the  books  kept  at  The  Dalles  office 
(il  Ihe  company,  the  following  statement  is  made:  The  receipts  from  passage 
iiKiiiiy  (111  the  ( 'oU'iiil  U'rix'/i/  on  the  up  trips  were  :  March  ajtii,  S-.'ia.S  ;  March 
Jvlli.  Si.44'>  ;  March  ,?ist,  Ji,,s7<> ;  '/'ri/i'iio,  April  9th,  $1,405:  O leu  11 01; <i  11,  .\pril 
iitli,  S,v.S4o  :  April  i.slh,  5i,6:;j.,v>;  April  i,stli,  5i,i)ji):  '/'iiihn>.  .\pril  jjd, 
>;,-•;.':  (U-iii/(it;iiii,  April  JSth,  S.i.f'.v  :  If'iino.  Ajiril  27th,  S.vi.Sy;  .April  ^(jth. 
j.'.iiji  :  May  5th,  56,-,So:  (U-<i/i<>i;<iii.  .May  iith,  $.',145;  I'ltiiiio.  Ma>'  i.^th. 
Jiii.iiis;  OkiuiOfian,  May  17th,  Sj.j'is  ;  May  .Jdtli,  $6,(115.  These  amounts  are 
fur  tickets  sold  at  The  Dalles  office  for  the  up  trips  only.  While  the  travel 
iluwn  stream  was  not  nearly  so  large  :it  this  period,  the  pursers  on  the  Kewiston 
hoats  turned  in  cash  fares  of  from  $1,100  to  $4,000  each  trip,  and  the  returns 
fruiii  heights  were  something  enormous.  One  up  trip  of  the  Tiiiino  in  May  produceil  over  $i,S,o(io  for  freight, 
faas,  meals  and  berths.  There  were  other  sources  of  revenue  which,  while  seeming  insignificant  in  those  days, 
wciiild  be  regarded  as  remarkable  at  the  ])rese!it  time.  Among  the  "  extras  "  was  the  bar  privilege  on  the 
sleaiiiers.  which  realized  a  monthly  income  of  $1,2011  from  the  Ttiiiuo  and  Okmioiniii.  while  the  disiienser  of 
lii|iiiils  on  the  Idaho  contributed  S.iO"  per  month  for  the  ]irivilege  of  catering  to  the  traveler  011  the  middle  river. 

.\uiong  the  many  aspirants  for  a  share  in  the  gohleii  harvest  from  the  mining  excitement  was  the  steamer 
Lits^iulilUt.  which  appeared  on  the  upper  river  in  the  fall  under  the  management  of  the  jiioneer  \V.  H.  dray  and 
liisMiii.  Capt.  \V.  I'.  Gray.'  The  Ciisnid/llti.  a  diminutive  sternwheeler  of  small  power  built  at  Celilo  by  W.  II. 
(hay,  Jacob  Kiminel,  and  James  Robbins,  was  launched  in  October,  i.Sdj.  and  ran  between  Celilo  and 
Walhila  until  the  river  closed,  and  in  the  following  spring  wa.-i  taken  to  I.ewiston  and  operated  on  the 
CU.uwater  between  that  point  and  h'ort  Lapwai,  making  occasional  trips  to  the  mouth  of  the  .\sotin  River  :ibove 
I.ewiston.     In  the  fall  of  iS6;^  Oray  sold  his  interest  in  the  ste;inier  to  Capt.  Leonard  White  and  R.  X.  White, 


CAI'I  .    'I'MUMAS 


C^ijit.  .\le.v:iii(k'r  1'.  .\nkciiy  wa'-  liorii  in  IVmisylvaiiia  in  iSi,^  ami  cMiiie  ti>  Oriumi  in  isso.  He  wa.s  lir.st  iiijra^fil  in 
siiMiiilioalin^  on  the  Willainette  Kivcr  al  the  linie  of  llu- or^ani/atimi  of  lln.'  i  ire^on  .S'A'ain  N.avij^ation  Company,  wiit'ii  lit-  was  llie 
prill,  ipal  owiuT  in  llie  sleain  ferry-lio.ii  /;/(/, />(''/<Av/,  v.  wliicli  lie  slaiti'il  on  llie  Casoaile  roiiU-  in  opposition.  Tlif  ///.//■/>( 7/, Av/,  r'  was  an 
.M^iiliiiliiant  craft,  Ian  anytliin^  wliiih  immiIiI  carrv  I'leiHlil  was  vahialile  in  llicwi.  ilays,  ami  tlir  Dickon  Steam  Navi),Mli(Hi  i.'oin]iany 
sdnii  111, nit'  it  an  olijiTt  for  Captain  .\nkeny  to  jtn'ii  fon-i  s  with  tiit-m.  .M'ttT  st-llin^  the  Inilt  f^i  tulifut'  lie  was  intfiesteil  in  the  Sputy 
nil  till'  uppiT  nver,  until  she  passed  into  tlu'  hamls  of  the  all-alisinhinj;  eoiii|iaiiy,  ami  snliseipieiitly  emharkeil  in  a  iinmher  of  larKe 
iniiinuM'i'i.il  enterprises  asliore,  all  of  whieli  teinletl  to  the  growth  ;iml  'levelopment  of  the  Norlluvest.  ami  in  whieh  he  sneeeeileil  in 
a.-etiiiuilatiny  a  fortune.     He  ilieil  at  Salein.  Or.,  Mareh  .^,^.  iSyi. 

Capt.  Thomas  Stump  was  horn  in  NashvilU',  Tenii..  in  i.Sjg.  ami  eaine  aeross  the  plains  in  1S49  with  his  father  anil  hrother. 
On  :iiriviiiK  ill  CaliCoriiia  he  heKan  rnnning  on  a  small  sternwheeler  plyiiiy  hetween  Saerameiito  ami  Marysville  in  1S50,  ami  shortly 
atteiu.ird  entered  the  service  of  the  California  .Steam  Navigation  Coniiiatiy.  eoniinuing  with  them  niilil  he  w.-is  employed  hy  Cap'. 
J.  C.  .Ainsworth  to  j;o  to  ( >rej(oii  and  take  eharye  of  the  i'olofit'l  It'fii^/i/.  He  was  sent  to  the  headwaters  of  the  Snake  with  the 
stiMiiit-r  as  soon  as  he  arrived,  and  was  afterward  in  conim.'ind  of  iiearl\-  all  of  the  upper  Coliinihia  and  .Smike  Ri\fr  lleet.  reinainiii^ 
in  iiiti\e  service  until  his  death,  which  occurred  .\uj<iist  i,v  iSSi,  while  I'lnniii^  down  from  I.ewiston  with  the  sti-amer  S/^i<^;riir.  Me 
w.iMii  the  pilothonse,  and  his  pilot.  Van  I'ell,  was  at  the  wheel.  .\s  they  were  passinj;  a  point  ahoiil  twenty  miles  hehnv  Kiparia, 
Capi.iin  Stninp.  who  hail  been  conversing  with  \'an  Pell,  snddenh-  swayi'd  and  fell  aj^aiiisl  the  jiilot,  who  can^^ht  him  hefore  he 
slMuk  the  deck.  .Assislancc  was  iinmeiliately  rendered,  lint  his  death  had  hecn  instantaneous.  In  additicni  to  heiiig  a  lhoronnh 
stc.iiiilioatman,  he  was  a  genial,  warm-hearted  fellow,  who  left  a  host  of  friends  all  over  the  Norlhwest. 

'Capt.  William  1'.  Ciray,  the  second  son  of  the  pioneer  \V.  II.  I'lray,  washorn  at  DieKon  City  in  1S15,  and  he^aii  steanilioatin^ 
with  his  father  on  the  steamer  Casttitflllti  on  the  upjier  Coluinhia  in  iShi.  althouj^h  he  had  previonsl\-  sailed  a  sloop  on  the  fraser 
KiM  I.  .Vfter  leaving  the  I'liuriliUii  he  served  as  pilot  011  the  Colitiiil  ll'ri^'/i/  with  Capt.  Thomas  Stump,  having  heeii  with  him 
ulu  11  he  tried  to  take  the  steamer  Ihriui^h  Snake  River  Canyon.     He  ran  on  several  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navi^^ation  Company's 


rill  tin 


iiiildle 


id  n 


pper  Colnmbia,  and  from  there  went  to  the  lower  river  and  the  np])er  Willan 


id  V.atnlii 


He  spent 


sevii.,1  months  iiavi^;ating  the  waters  of  the  Stickeen,  and  has  been  on  several  routes  ini  I'nuet  Sound.  In  ISSS  he  took  the  steamer 
'  '.';  'f  /■'//fiis/>iiiff,  tile  first  boat  ever  taken  tlironnh  Rock  Islaml  Rapids,  from  I'asco  to  the  mouth  of  the  <  ikananan  River.  Captain 
('■r.i\  was  on  the  /■'.  .S'.  (iraiil  when  she  was  wrecked  at  Fort  Caiiby.  and  has  been  in  several  very  tinht  jilaces  during  his  long  career, 
but  11. IS  alwavs  been  fortunate  with  the  main'   steamers  he  has  handled.     He  is  at  iirescnt   liviiie  .at   I'asco,  where  the   pyfifiiiif: 


of  which  he  had  command  when  she  was  ii 


I  commission,  is 


lied 


i      !(■' 


■il 


np. 


loS 


Lewis  (J  Drydun'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


who  used  tilt'  boat  princip  illy  lictwcoii  Wallula  mid  I'rifsts  Rapids,  and  finally  disposed  of  tier  to  tin-  Orc^jMii 
Stt-am  Navigation  Coiiipaiiy,  wlio  removi'd  tlif  ciiKint-vs  and  placed  IIilmii  in  a  stcaint.T  on  Clark's  l-'ork  of  llit 
Columbia.  Tlie  Casnuiilh  was  one  hundred  anil  six  feet  lon>{,  eiKhteeii  feet  beam,  and  three  feet  six  inches  hoM, 
with  engines  eitiht  by  thirty  inches. 

'riic  Oregon  .Sttam  \avi>;ati()n  Company  had  heretofore  expericnceil  no  trouble  in  buying  out  or  whipping 
in  anything  that  disputed  their  sway,  but  the  hardest  opposition  which  tiny  had  yet  eiicouiilired  made  iN 
apiiearaiice  in  i.'Sdj,  when  the  People's  Transportation  Company  came  into  existence.  The  new  organization  was 
an  important  factor  in  the  river  bnsine.ss  from  the  start,  and  for  ten  years  continued  to  grow  until  it  assuimd 
jiroportions  nearly  eipial  to  its  mighty  rival  in  the  days  of  its  infancy.  Nearly  all  of  the  steamboatnien  who  wi  rt 
not  connected  with  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  were  either  taken  into  the  People's  Tratisportatinii 
Company  at  its  inception,  or  afterward  accpiired  an  interest,  but  the  princijials  in  the  formation  of  the  comp.inv 
were  the  McCnllys,'  S.  T.  Church.  Iv  N.  Cook,  Iv  W.  Haughinaii,  Stephen  Coilin,  and  J.  I).  Hiles  There  vMrc 
sixty-five  stockholders  scattered  along  the  Willamette  River  from  Kngeiie  to  Portland,  and  when  the  organization 
was  perfected  the  company  owned  the  steamers  /iitiirs  Ctinton,  RcUcf,  and  /uilirprisi'.  Stephen  CoflSn  was 
president  in  i,Sf)j,  and  Iv  N.  Cook  and  the  MeCuUys,  directors.  The  latter  had  enjoyed  some  experience  in 
steamboating  through  their  investment  of  5?.oik)  in  the  Clinton  to  assert  their  independence  of  steanilinui 
combines,  having  been  at  that  time  heavy  shippers.  Klushed  with  their  success  in  driving  all  rivalry  from  llie 
Willamette  River,  the  new  company  looked  for  larger  fields  and  decided  that  they  would  attempt  to  secure  some 
of  the  immense  business  which  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Conijjany  was  handling  on  the  Columbia.  They 
built  the  steamer  H.  D.  liako-  to  run  to  the  Ca.scades,  and  the  /;•/,(  for  the  middle  river,  and  for  a  connection  above 
The  r)alKs  used  the  steamer  A'iyiis.  The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  started  the  steamer  W'ihon  (,. 
Hunt  after  them  on  the  Cascade  route,  and  fares  and  freights  suffered  accordingly.  The  /liikrr  was  a  fast  biial 
and  freijuently  outstripped  her  big  rival  on  the  run  between  the  Cascades  anil 
Portland.  The  steamboat  war  continued  until  the  summer  following  the  appearaiict 
of  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  which  had  succeeded  in  contracting  debts  lu 
the  extent  of  $(15,000  in  their  efTorts  to  establish  the  opposing  line.  A  reorganizati(,n 
W  2  was  effected,  with  David  McCully,  president;   I,.  S.  I'arrish,  vice-i>resi(lent ;    T.  MiK 

TL         ^"^  Patton,  secretary;    D.  McCnlly,  J.  S.  Parrish,  J.  I).  Hiles.  K.  N.  Cook,  S.  T.  Church, 

^^Jil^*  and  T.  McF.  Patton,  directors.     The  new  officers  undertook  to  raise  enough  money  to 

^Kfm  clear  off  the  incumbrances  and  put  the  business  on  a  .sound  basis,  but,  while  they  were 

^^^^^^^k  negotiating,  W.  S.  Ladd,  representing  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  called 

'I^^^B^I^B^  on  McCully  and  proposed  a  compromise  which  would  enable  all  parties  concerned  to 

P^^^^^VP  recoup  the  losses  they  had  sustained  in  the  contest  for  supremacy.     McCully  signiliwl 

^^JP^  his  willingness  to  exchange  the  /ris  and  the  h'iyiis  on  the  Columbia  for  the  steamers 

()n:ni>i/,  J\i:al  and  Surprise  controlled  by  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  on 
the  Willamette,  and  to  withdraw  from  the  Columbia  River,  for  a  bonus  of  $l•^,l<^lO. 
After  some  time  spent  in  arguing  the  matter,  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company 
finally  made  an  ofTer  of  55,000,  which  was  declined.  Kach  retired  for  a  conference 
•■'  Company's  officials  secretly  decided  to  accept  $~.$oo.  Much  to  their  satisfaction  the 
'pany's  officials  returned  with  a  proposal  of  Sio.ooo,  which  was  accepted,  and  llie 


s.  r.  ciii'RLii 


The  People's  Transportati; 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
transfer  was  soon  made. 

h'or  ten  years  following  this  agreement  each  of  the  big  corp'.irat'uns  kept  strictly  within  the  bounds  of  the 
territory  agreed  upon.  One  of  the  first  additions  to  the  People's  Tiansportation  Company's  fleet  was  the  iiesv 
steamer  Sena/or,  built  by  Capt.  Joseph  Kellogg  for  the  Oregon  City  .oute  ;  and,  as  he  came  into  the  company  with 
his  steamer,  the  arrangement  was  very  desirable.  While  the  company  met  with  some  reverses,  and  was  alwavs 
troubled   to  a  certain  extent  by  competition,    yet   it  continued   to  prosper,   and   the  profits   were  expended   in 


f 


'Oaviil  McCully,  and  his  lirotlier  Asa  A.  McCully,  were  lioru  in  the  province  of  .New  Hrunswick,  the  former  in  the  year  1^ 
and  the  latter  in  iSiS.  While  liotli  were  children  their  parents  eniiKrateil  to  Iowa.  In  1.S52  the  two  hrotliers  came  overlanJ 
Oregon  and  settled  at  Ilarrishur^;,  where  lhe>'  engaged  in  general  incrchandising,  with  which  tht.y  were  quite  successful,  but  \m 
soinewhat  hatnlicnppeil  hy  having  lieen  conii)elle<l  to  haul  their  kooiIs  part  of  the  way  in  wagons  instead  of  j;etting  them  bv  steann 
as  their  rivals  farther  down  the  river  were  eimbled  to  do.  \\\  endeavor  to  remedy  this  state  of  affairs  was  the  means  of  making  tli. 
prominent  factors  in  the  marine  business  for  many  years.  Thev  starte<l  a  shipment  of  fifty  tons  of  freight  from  I'ortland  on  1 
steamer  I'oil/nml  in  i.\'i,S.  with  the  uuderstandinK  that  it  was  to  be  transferred  to  the  /iiiler/trisi'  above  tlie  falls,  ami  by  the  \t\\: 
steamer  taken  throuKh  to  Harrisburg.  When  the  l'.nltil>iiif  reached  Corvallis  the  citizens  of  that  place  threatened  to  withdraw  tli. 
patronage  from  the  boat  if  she  atlcntpted  to  nnike  any  other  poit  the  head  of  navigation,  and  brou>;lit  so  much  pressure  to  beat 
Captain  Jamieson  that  he  unloa<led  tlie  goods  at  that  jioint,  a  proceeding  which  aroused  the  ire  of  the  McCnlhs,  and  they  at  on 
sought  for  a  boat  which  they  could  control.  I  heir  success  in  this  undertaking  has  been  already  related,  and  from  the  time  tli 
secnrcil  the  steamer  /<;»«(  s  Cliiilon,  until  they  retired  from  the  ilirection  of  the  I'eople's  Transportation  Company,  they  made  g <■ 
records  as  steainboatmen,  their  policy  in  all  cases  being  to  include  as  many  stockholders  as  possible  ill  their  enterprises  with' 
allowing  the  management  to  pass  from  their  hands.  lioth  withdrew  from  steamboating  shortly  after  the  Transportation  Conip.n 
ceased  to  exist,  and  died  near  Salem  a  few  years  ago. 

'  !•;.  N.  Cook  was  born  ill  Jefferson  County,  N.  V.,  in  1810,  and  in  1851  started  acro.ss  the  plains  to  Oregon,  slopping  fi" 
short  time  at  .Salt  Lake  City  and  then  proceeding  to  the  Willamette  Valley.  He  engaged  in  business  at  Salem,  and,  when  I):i» 
McCully  was  seeking  reinforcements  to  aid  in  liis  approaching  conflict  with  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Mr.  Ci 
became  a  willing  ally,  an<l  remained  with  the  I'eople's  Transportation  Company  as  a  director  from  the  time  of  its  orgamzation  un 
it  passed  into  the  possession  of  l!en  IloUaday,  when  he  retired  and  resided  at  Salem  until  his  death,  May  6,  1879. 


I 


The  Oregon  Sham  Navigation  Contpan/»  Be$t  Da^t,  Many  Ni'w  Steamert  in  Puget  Sound  Waters      109 


cl  who 


The 


structed  the  < 


It)  and  hi 


OrcKoii  Ci 


1(1 


.1 


im|'i"viiiK  il.t  steamers  ; 

pill.  1  of  siu-cess,  Imt  sllghlly  inlerrtipted,  \imil  the  comiiU-tKiii  ol  the  locks  at  Oregon  City  hy  tlii'  Willaiuetti' 
|,n, ;  \  Traiisportnlioii  C<)iii|)aiiy.  The  I'eoplf's 'rratis|)()rtiilioii  Compiifiy,  haviiiK  iiivesti'd  a  lar^jc  iimmiit  in 
liiiil  iiiiH  a  Wasiii  aliovi'  the  tails  to  facihtate  tlie  trans  sliipiiicnl  <!!' IVfinht,  whicli  wonid  \>v  rfiidtTucl  iisili^ss  if  tliev 
p.ilHuii/td  the  new  waterway,  refused  to  change  their  transportation  inetliods  ;  and  the  rival  company,  in 
rit,ilMtinii,  proceeded  to  construct  tile  steamers  WillunirHi-  Cliif/,  /ifnier  awX  (lovoHot-  Groiir.  The  People's 
Tt.iii''lii>rtation  Company  owned  the  steamers  luilitfihi-,  /uimiy  /'ullon,  Albany,  li.  A',  Cook.  Aliif.  Ailiie.  Aliii. 
I\,h,\  .SiKCfss  and  Oincard ;  and,  not  wishing  to  risk  a  prolonged  contest,  the  entire  stock  of  the  company  was 
siilil  to  Men  Ilolladay  for  ^i,2tn>,^*>l<.  l'"inancial  diflicidties  siil>se(iiieiitly  overwhelmed  lloUaday,  and  he  was  forced 
toMll  III  the  Oregon  Suam  Navigation  Company,  which  ha<l  already  commenced  work  on  the  steamers  (';/V'm^ 
lh,i,liiit  and  /loiiii>i:ti,  to  lie  used  on  the  Willamette.  Thus  ended  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  whicli 
iliiriiiK  its  existence  had  expended  over  a  million  dollars  for  steamlioats,  docks  and  improvements. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  low  water  between  Clackamas  Rapids  and  Oregon  City  had  always  caused  trouble 
ihiiuiK  certain  seasons  when  there  was  not  sufTicient  depth  for  the  larger  boats.  Captain  .Ainsworth  ])ut  the 
steamer  Skidaddh  on  that  portion  of  the  river  in  i8rij.  She  was  a  small  steam  barge  thirty  six  feet  long,  with  a 
seven  by  twelve  engine,  built  by  Cajit.  (leorge  Pease,  who  also  constructed  at  the  same  time  her  exact 
ciiiiiiterpart,  wdiich  was  to  be  used  without  steam.  The  Skr<t<uliile  was  in  charge  of  Cyrus  I.ocey,  and  did  not 
stand  well  enough  in  the  estimation  of  the  inspectors  to  be  permitted  to  go  below  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette. 

A  new  branch  of  steamboat  business  on  the  Columbia,  which  iu  after  years  assumed  great  importance,  was 
started  in  1862.     The  population  and  wealth  of  Portland  had  increased 
tci  such  an  extent  that  its  inhabitants  sought  summer  recreation  at  the 

seashore,  and  the  Jennii-  Chuk  was  the  first  regular  "seaside"  boat  from  ' 

tile  metropolis.  She  commenced  running  weekly  to  Fort  Clatsop,  on  the 
Lewis  v'v  Clarke  River,  iu  July  ;  and,  although  her  crowds  were  small  in 
ciiiiiparison  with  those  which  in  recent  seasons  have  thronged  seaward 
on  the  Aloskivi.  (Ilyiiifiinii,  (^<fini  \\'uri\  '/'i/if>liviir,  /'oiler,  and  other 
boats,  it  is  a  (|Ucstion  whether  the  later-day  sojourners  find  as  much 
cnjoyiiieiit  as  did  the  few  who  paid  fifteen  dollars  for  the  round  trip  on 
the  /iiiiiif  ('/(irkiw  iSC^:.  Aside  from  the  occasional  trips  of  the  latter 
steamer,  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Comi)any  confined  its  operations 
almost  entirely  to  the  Cascade  route  and  the  upper  Columbia.  In 
addition  to  biiiUling  the  steamers  mentioned  for  the  Willamette  and 
arranging  for  others  to  follow  during  the  next  year.  Captain  Ainsworth 
went  to  San  Franci.sco  and  purcha.sed  the  iron  for  fifteen  miles  of  railroad 
lietween  The  Dalles  and  the  u|)per  river.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the 
extensive  railroad  system  afterward  operated  by  the  Oregon  Steam  Navi- 
j;atioii  Company  and  its  successors.  An  incident  showing  the  attitude  of 
till-  coiiipany  toward  its  emidoyces  was  the  presentation,  in  iHfi2,  of  a  gold 
watch  to  each  of  the  following  masters  :  John  H.  Wolf"  of  the  /«//<;,  John 
McNulty  of  the  Idaho,  H.  W.  Haughnian  of  the  Tiiiiuo,  and  Leonard 
White  of  the  Coloiul  U'/ 11; III,  an  act  of  gracious  appreciation  of  faithful 
service  much  at  variance  with  the  customs  of  those  in  power  in  later  years. 

Owing  to  the  heavy  pa.ssenger  travel  on  the  ocean  routes,  the  steamships  made  faster  time  than  ever  before. 
Till  Sicn;i  Ni-r<uiii.  Captain  Conner,  accomplished  the  voyage  from  San  Francisco  lo  Portland,  in  .\pril.  in 
seventy-two  hours,  then  claimed  to  be  the  fastest  trip  on  record  ;  but  a  few  weeks  later  the  Itivtlu  r  /oiialliaii 
tot, illy  eclipsed  that  performance  by  making  the  same  run  in  sixty-nine  hours  and  ten  minutes.  There  was  but 
litllv  change  in  the  steamers  plying  direct  to  the  Columbia  at  this  time,  but  on  the  Sound  the  new  firm  of 
Hollailay  &  I'Mint  had  some  competition  from  the  steamship  llcnuaii.  which  made  a  few  passages  at  reduced 
rates  The  lltiman  was  not  of  a  very  high  order,  but  she  proved  troublesome  enough  to  secure  a  monthly 
subsidy  of  $10,000  to  withdraw.  Ilolladay  iS:  I'liiit  had  contracted  with  the  Dominion  ('Fovernmeut  to  run 
forliiijjhtly  mail  steamers  to  \'ictoria,  receiving  for  the  service  a  bounty  of  $5,000  per  mouth,  and  prior  to  the 
iiiaii^;uratiou  of  oiiposition  a  trip  with  less  than  Sio,ooo  in  fares  was  considered  a  light  one  ;  so  the  amount  paid  to 
retain  a  monopoly  of  the  business  was  easily  recouped. 


CaI'T.   .I"I1N    M.   Wi 


Sllr 

r.mh. 

to  1,.. 

from 

.\l  v., 

Wiil.i 

Uiu'^ 

Itlt'lM 
ill    1 


Ciipt.  Joliii  I!.  Wolf,  wild  saw  more  yuars  of  eoiuiiiumis  service  witli  tlie  Dreynn  Sleiiiii  Navi;;ation  Company  ami  it  ; 
ssors  tliaii  any  oilier  cajitain  in  llicir  employ,  was  liorii  in  (ierinany  in  1S2.1  and  ranie  to  I  )rfH"n  in  i.SsJ  on  llu' soliooiiiT 
"Hv,  which  he  left  soon  afttT  arrival  anil  coiiimeiiceil  slfainlioalinK  on  thf  olil  .ifiilhi.iiihili  with  Capt.  Richanl  Iloyl.  Sr.  Uuick 
irn,  and  a  general  favorite  with  every  one,  the  youiiK  man  was  soon  pronioteil,  in  (Uic  season  lieiaine  captain  of  ihe  Hrllc.  anil 
this  position  rose  steailily  until  he  was  in  coinnmnd  ofthe  hest  steamers  owned  liy  llie  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company, 
riims  times  during  his  long  career  he  handled  nearly  every  steamer  helonging  lo  thai  corjioralion,  with  the  exception  of  the 
iinctle  River  lioats.  Captain  Wolf  was  a  thorough  steamlioatnian  in  every  res|)ect,  ai'd  no  nij^ht  was  too  dark,  and  no  foj;  too 
.  to  liafTle  his  skill.  Withal  he  was  a  genial,  kind-hearted  gentleman,  whose  name  will  always  awaken  a  llooil  of  pleasant 
nries  in  the  minds  of  those  who  knew  him.  He  continued  on  the  Columhia  until  n  few  weeks  hefore  his  death,  which  occurred 
Milaiid.  Octoher  14.  1885.  after  a  third  of  a  century  of  continuous  service  on  river  steamlioats. 


1 

V 

'\ 


"Xxri, 


m\ 


% 


i  1     I  '  I 


•k..  -i 


i 


;ii 


'  I        ! 

i 


ii  I 


I  lO 


Lewis  cf  Dryclen's  Marine  History  nf  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Sdo,  killing;  William  Sliaw. 


The  ripple  of  excitement  caused  by  the  incipient  rivalry  of  the  preceding  year  on  the  I'uget  Sound  rmUes 

had  subsided,  and  the  /•.V/.rd  Aihirrson  was  almost  alone  in  her  glury.  charging  fifteen  dollars  fare  to  Victoria  irDin 

Olyinpia.  with  an  additional  Federal  tax  of  fifty  cents  per  hea<l.     Tl;e  .Indirson  had  been  thoroughly  overhauled 

and  supplied  with  new  boilers,  and  enjoyed  three  years  of  prosperity,  clearing  from  $3,c«)o  to  $6,iio(i  per  UMiuh 

and  etiuipping  her  owners  for  any  condiat  which  might  occur. 

The  Alberui   Mill  Company   began  operations  on  quite  an  extensive  scale  in  1S62,  and   late  in   the  \ear 

secured  the  steamer  '/'/idi/ns  to  use  in  their  coasting  business.     The  V'/iuiiiis  was 

an  old  Holland  built  cattle  steamer,  which  had  sailed  for  years  between   Hamburg 

and  London.     She  came  from  the  latter  port  in  charge  of  Captain  Henderson,  who 

had  lost  the  W'otnipirkrr  the  preceding  year,  and  soon  after  her  arrival   Captain 

Brown  was  given  command.     She  remained   in  the  Northwest  until   1S65,  when 

Captain  Devereaux  took  her  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  from  there  to  San  I'rancisco, 

and  thence  to  Nagasaki,   where    she  was   purcha.sed   by  an  American  firm,  who 

refitted    and    sold    her   to  a   Japanese,  by  whom  she  was  operated  as  a  coaster. 

After  a  brief  period  in  this  service  the  Thames  was  driven  ashore  by  a  typhoon, 

and    over   one    hundred    and    fifty  people   lost  their  lives.     She  was  about  three 

hundred  tons  burden,  and  had    a  single   engine    twenty-seven    by  thirty  inches. 

The  Alberiii  Mill  Company  had  another  steamer  in  their  service  in  iS6i.  which  in 

after  years  achieved  considerable  local  fame.     She  was  called  the  Diaini.  and  is 

always  alluded  to  by  old  timers  as  the  "  largest  small  steamer  "  or  the    '  smallest 

large  steamer"  that  ever  ran  in  the  Northwest.     She  was  brought  from  China  to 

San    Franci.sco   as   a    launch    for   the    Pacific  Mail  Company  and  lengthened  by 

Superintendent  Allison.     She  exploded  off  the  X'allejo  Street  wharf,  Deoendier  2- 

engineer,  and  Thomas   lohusuu,  fireman.     She  was  then  sold  to  Captain  Stumii  and  taken  to  Hritisli  Columhia. 

Her  new  owner  was  always  afraid  of  her.  .so  he  .soon  removed  the  machinery  and  sold  the  hull   to  Capt.  Tom 

Wright,  who  equipped  it  with  new  nioti\e  power,  and  fitted  the  steamer  up  to  carry  the  mails  between  San  Jua-i 

Island  and  the  mainland,  and  to  convey  oflScers  and  troops  about  the  Sound,  under  charter  to  the  United  .Slates 

(lovcnnueiit.  She  remained 
in  this  service  for  a  loiij; 
time,  making  Sr.n  Juan  lier 
home  port,  and  running  ;is 
far  north  as  Sitka  on  special 
occasions.  San  JuaTi  Island 
was  still  regarded  as  .in 
"orphan"  domain,  and,  ,is 
the  niauo  had  been  under 
liotli  the  .American  : ml 
British  colors,  Capt.  Tumi 
Wright  graciously  gave  the 
latter  Hag  prece<lence  cm 
entering  a  British  port  and 
the  former  in  American  har- 
bors. In  i.Sfi.S  the  steamer 
was  sent  to  San  I'Vancisco  in 
charge  of  Capt.  I,eon  .Smilli 
and  sold  to  the  Sausalu.i 
Ferry  Com]) any.  She 
remained  on  the  bay  until 
1.S74  then  started  nor  lb 
again,  but  was  wrecked  ik  n 
urcliasud   the   steamer  she  was  commanded  at  difFeniit 


(Juinalt  I. see  wreck  of  l^iaiui,   1S741.      Before  Wright 

times  In  Caiitains  Beadle.  Croaker,  McCuUocli,  Doane,  and  others 


M.idigaii.    I.awson,  McIrUish,  and  other  \vi 


'  Ik'njaniin  MaMin.ui.  ciijiMU'er,  wa-;  Imrn  111  Ccnuily  Cork.  Iri'laiiil,  in  i.S^S  WluMi  i|nilc  vonnK  Ir' came  to  tills  onunlrv  .iii'l 
learned  his  irailr  in  llie  Ik'l.ainaliT  Irini  Works  in  .Nuw  York,  leaving  Iheic  lo  fiUcr  llic  slcHni...liip  siTvii'i'  .\IUt  a  short  tiiiie  11 
the  Ciilia  ronlu  hu  wcm  lo  San  I'riin.-isco  in  iS(i2.  .iinl  llienci'  to  Victoria  in  Inly  of  Ihal  ye.ir.  lie  secnrcd  rniploynienl  on  :'u' 
steamer  Piiviit,  .and  also  on  the  old  sle,inu-r  7'lhi>ii:S,  reniaininj.;  on  the  hitler  ahont  Iwo  years.  In  iSdj  he  joiiieil  the  steamer  ( '  ' 
anil  inaile  Iwo  voy.iyes  .\ortli  with  Ca|ilains  Lewis  and  Swanson.  then  ),'"inK  li>  the  sie.inier  /«;/ir/.  where  ho  reinainecl  lor  '  >  ' 
seasons,  .\ller  leavimj;  the  A.i/ic/ he  spent  the  next  four  years  and  a  half  on  the  mail  steamer  .S'/'  /.»/»/»,( //,j«i,'/.m,  and  when  in' 
/A'ki,'Am  was  laiil  up  with  a  broken  shaft  he  was  transferred  to  ihe  Mnui/c.  owned  hy  Captain  Spralt.  While  in  Sprail's  service  he  w  !~ 
also  enninec.  on  the  Cm ih,h>  Fly  lor  nearly  three  years,  hni  left  to  serve  mi  Ihe  A'l'.nvv .  then  lielonjjiii),-  lo  S.i.iiiders  He  ]inreh.i-'  I 
an  interest  in  the  A'cccr  and  replaeeil  her  old-style  eiiKines  with  poppei  valves,  iirovided  new  hoilers,  and  made  oil  r 
improvements.  He  operated  the  oM  craft  ahont  three  years,  and  was  snhseinienty  employed  on  the  ste.imer  .  //,■  inm/i'i ,  ilieii  in  1  1 
possessiim  of  Waneii  .V  Saunders,  .\ftcr  she  was  hoii^jht  hy  Diinsninir  lie  remaiiieil  at  his  jiosl  until  1SS2,  when,  witii  Capl  1 
Myers,  he  went  lo  I  iiKland  and  hronjjht  out  the  steamer  Saii/oiiyx.  The  following  vear  he  accepted  a  position  on  the  luirb  •  : 
lloscouilr.,  which  he  is  still  occnpyiiiH. 


The  Oregon  Steam  Naviycition  Company's  Bvst  Days,  Many  New  Steamers  in  Pijct  Sound  Waters       1 1 1 


IllNMMIN    MAI'It.A.N 

Slie  was  ill  coinmaiul  cil' 


kiKuvii  eiiRiiieers,  haiulled   the  machinery.       Her  dimensions  were  :    lengtli.  one  huri(heil  feet  :    heain.  thirteen 

feet  :    >lepth  of  hold,  ten  feet. 

On  the  Fraser,  Captain  Irvinj;  disposed  of  his  interests  in  the  steamers  Gozrnior  ihuiir/as  and  Co/i'ik/  Moiuh 

atiil  Iniilt  the  Riihvtir.  the  finest  steamer  yet  in  the  trade.     She  was  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  Irving  lleet  and 

w.i^  .1  sterinvlieoler  one  hundred  and  t,v'euty-six  feet  long,  twenty -six  feet  beam,  and  four  and  a  half  feet  depth  of 

lioM,  with  engines  fourteen  'ly  fifty-four  inches.     She  commenced  to  run  on  the  Fraser  soon  after  her  completion, 

and.  nuiiig  to  the  i;reat  popular!'./  and  enterprise  of  her  owner,  was  very  successful. 

WIk'ii  the  steamboat  ci';inbine  was  formed  on  the  river  in  1863,  the  AWidmr  kept 

out  I'l  it  and  made  more  money  than  all  of  the  other  .steamers.     In  1S64  she  was 

running  to  Yale,  and  frequently  carried  over  a  hundred  pa.s.sengers  through.     She 

follDwed  the  Fra.ser  trade  for  ten  years,  most  of  the  time  in  command  of  Capt. 

William   Irving.     It  was  on   this  steamer  that   Commodore  John   Irving,  of  the 

Caiiadi.in  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  received  his  early  les.sons  in  a  calling  in 

which    he   has   been   remarkably  successful.      The  Ri/ianir  did  but  little  in  the 

seventies,  as  her  days  of  usefulness  were  almost  ended,   and    in   iS;^    [he   new 

Kiiiviit-  took    her  place  in  the  marine  annals  of  Hritish  Columbia  (see  steamer 

l\,-liaiiii\  i.Sjri).     The  F/viiix  lliitdiman  was  withdrawn  from  the  F'raser  in   i,S(i2, 

and  Capt.  William   Moore   found   a   new  field   for  steamboating  on   the  Stickecn 

River.  wliLTC  gold   had  been  discovered.      He  made  the  first  trip  up  this  stream, 

towing  a  barge  and  canying  one  hundred   and    twenty-five   ])assengers.      Moore 

cleared  $14,000  with  his  steamer  in  the  first  .seventy-two  days  of  the  excitement. 

The  steamer  SliiibiiH-  was  on  the  Sound  the  greater  part  of  the  year  towing 

revenue  cutters,  carrying  mail  and  jobbing  around  wherever  her  .services  were  needed 

Captains  Pease  and  Wilson,  and  during  the  slimmer  engaged  in  a  very  warlike  demonstration  at   Port  Townsend. 

\'ictor  Smitli,  collector  of  the  port,  desired  to  move  the  custom-house  to  Port   Angeles,  and,  on  the  refusal  of 

those  in  power  to  give  up  the  keys,  he  ordered  the  S/ii/fmH-'s  guns  traiiii  ;  on  the  town,  threatening  to  fire  unless 

tliey  were  handed  over.     The  Port  Towu.send  people  temporarily  surrendered,  but  a  few  days  later  about  twenty 

of  the  citizens  went  to  Olympia  and  swore  out  a  com|)laiiit  against  Collector  .Smith.     As  the  /:/ir<i  .hidcisoii 

deinaiide<l  Sis  fare  from  Port  Townsend  to  Olympia,  the  party  chartered  the  .schooner  A".  />'.  /'<'//< rand  started  in 

charge  of  Capt.   H.   L.   Tibballs,'  with    the  craft   gayly   decorated   with    Hritish   and   American   tlags,     .\s   the 

schooner  sailed  past  Steila- 
coom  the  Sliiihiuic  was  lying 
at  the  wharf  and  when  oppo- 
site the  ciuter  the  men  on  the 
/'>//<■;■  saucily  fired  a  gun.  .\ 
warrant  was  issued  at  Olympia 
for  the  arrest  of  Capt.  J.  V.. 
Wil.sou  of  the  S/iiibriik  and 
CollectorSniith.  United  States 
Marshal  Huntington  went  on 
board  at  .Sleilacocnu  to  serve 
the  writ,  but  was  forcibl\ 
removed  from  the  ves.sel  with- 
out being  allowed  to  .see  the 
Collector,  who  was  below. 
After  a  .second  futile  attempt 
Iter  the  schooner  /\'llii  was  seized  for 
.\  li^''^  fine  was  imposed,  and  Smith, 

in  a  measure,  evened  the  score  for  the  disrespect  shown  when  the   /')//(/•  passed   the   S/'n/'fid-  at  Steilacoom. 


I'KvsiH  Ki\*in  Sr^■\^^-K      Kiimn^i-:' 

to  cury  out  his  instructions,  the  Sliiil>n'<k-  steamed  awa\-.      .\  few  week> 
violating  the  revenue  laws  in  improperly  Hying  her  flags  when  under  sail. 


liinil 
the  S| 
wliicli 
III-  \v,i- 
pcirl 
Tne  /. 
C.ipt.n 
lark  \- 

iniil  I' 
Ki'\  I. 


'Capt,  H.  I..  Tihhiills  was  l)oni  in  Miiltllt'lown,  Conn.,  in  1S29.  ami  roniiiioiioed  ^oiii^  to  sea  wlu'ii  a  Itov.  rising  iti  tlu' 
•.ion  uiilil,  at  tile  a^i*  of  twotity, 'le  was  master  of  a  liri>;  ruiinitiv;  to  l!ie  West  Indies.  In  iS^;  lie  testeil  the  lirsl  ilivin^-Ipell 
II  the  rniteil  .States,  and  sipiseijiieiul)-  title:.!  (ml  the  liark  /\nn/\  /uiniilia^  at  Wiliiiiiii^toii,  Del  ,  and  spent  several  months  on 
i.inish  main  workiuu  on  sunken  ships  and  in  the  pearl  fisheries.  He  e\ploreil  the  wreek  ol"  the  Spanish  Iri^ate  Sttu  JVilto, 
went  down  in  iSi.i  with  oviT  Jvoo^'.oo*!  in  treasure  .il^ard  while  in  these  rvaters.  ami  sneeeeded  in  reeoveiin^i  JhS.iH.o  hel'ore 
-  ordered  .iway  1)\'  the  Me\iean  ('lovernni.'nt.  Me  saiU-d  tirsl  to  ,St.  Helena  and  then  to  Panama  and  do\-e  lor  a  short  time  lor 
'vsters,  afterward  ^oin^  to  ,\eaimleo,  w'.iere  he  spent  three  months  in  the  same  pursuit  and  then  hoie  away  for  S,ui  l-'ratieiseo. 
\inuini;  was  di^'posed  of  al  this  port,  ami  the  diviny-hells  were  used  in  the  eonstnu'tion  of  the  sea  wall,  hi  Septemher,  1S55, 
n  Tililnlls  went  down  to  Port  .\j,'nlla  and  workeil  on  tlie  wreek  of  the  steamship  WitU-t'r  l>\uit'  with  indilferent  sneeess.  Cttmiii^ 
1  San  I'lMiieiseo  he  shipped  for  , Sydney,  Anstrali.i,  as  sailing  master  on  the  elipper  \l'li,il  ( 'lir:i .  owned  hy  Stevens,  Ha'.er  iS;  l.'o. , 
in  forty-six  and  returning  in  forty-tonr  days  He  afterward  joiiu'd  the  revenue  eulter  /r//  />t!r/\  in  the  same  eapaeitv 
loieeded  to  l'iii;et  Sound,  arriving  at  Port  Tow.iseiid  in  .\pril.  iS^h,  and  left  the  eiitter  soon  aflerwird  to  settle  .it  the 
ay,  where  he  has  resided  ever  sinee.     He  w. is  for  many  vears  Sound  iiilot  (or  the  Paeifie  Coast  ,Sleaiiislii]i  Company,  and  in 


i.S;!  I'lratne  their  ajjent  ami  huilt  I'nioii  Wharf  at  Port  'rownseiid.     Ii 


Tilih. 

Citlli 


idditi 


to  1 


lis  eonneetion  wi 


til  the 


e  mariiu'  hnsiness.  Ciptaiii 


ilfl 

'■"3 


ii.  ;  I 


i    , 


'       -IS 


'I  ;1 


'Ji 


t  :i 


mllet  j> 


N  has  lioi'ii  a  meiiibiT  i)t"  llie  I.t'j^ishiluif,  slieriir.  i-oiiiu-ilmaii,  i-ouiUy  coinmissioner,  ami  jmsliiiasU'r.  aiic'  has  hfhl 


silintis  of  Iriisl.     l\v  retired  from  Uie  water  nermaneiUlv  a  Tew  ve 


irsa^;-. 


\m 


112 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


CATT.    M.    I,.  TlllHAM-S 


Smith  was  a  bright  fellow,  but  he  was  always  at  war  with  some  one.  A  few  months  after  his  Port  Towiisend 
escapade,  he  rewarded  with  discharge  the  men  who  nad  remained  true  to  him  during  the  trouble.  AH  the  officers 
on  the  Shubrick  were  relieved  from  duty  except  Lieutenant  Selden  and  Engineer  Winship."  The  affair,  with  its 
attendant  imbroglios,  created  considerable  feeliug  on  the  Sound,  and  Collector  Smith  was  roundly  scored  by  many 
of  the  interested  parties,  who  continually  sought  opportunities  for  revenge,  until 
the  waters  of  the  Pacific  closed  over  the  lirothr;  Jonathan,  and  the  aggres.sive  Smith 
rested  beneatli  the  wav;s. 

An  exciting  episode  occurred  at  Port  Angeles  in  1862.  The  schooner 
/•'.  P.  Green,  Capt.  Edward  Howaid,'"  was  seized  by  Deputy  Collector  Moore. 
Howard  had  ji'.st  bought  the  schconer  in  San  Franci.sco,  and  intended  to  have  her 
papers  changed  at  Port  Angeles  ;  but,  as  he  arrived  late  at  night,  the  Deputy  Col- 
lector told  him  to  come  up  in  the  morning.  Before  daylight  the  Shubrick  was 
along.side  and  towed  the  schooner  to  the  cutter  Joe  Lane,  then  lying  in  the  harbor. 
Captain  Howard  was  informed  that  the  .schooner  had  been  confiscated,  and  ordered 
ashore.  Bonds  were  offered  but  were  refused.  As  Howard  was  the  owner  of  the 
.schooner  and  cargo,  he  determined  to  .secure  the  vessel  ;  .so  that  night  about  eleven 
o'clock  he  quietly  borrowed  the  custom-house  boat  and  sculled  out  to  the  craft, 
locked  the  marshal  in  the  cabin,  woke  the  crew,  slipped  the  cable,  and  set  sail  for 
Victoria,  where  he  waited  for  the  return  of  Collector  Smith,  who  was  in  Washington, 
the  Depcity  Collector  at  Port  Angeles  meanwhile  offering  a  reward  of  $1,000  for  the 
return  v,f  the  fugitive,  dead  or  alive.  Wlien  Smith  arrived  he  went  to  Victoria,  and  on  paying  for  the  custom  Ik  .1 
boat,  the  return  of  whif'li  had  been  neglected,  Howard  was  cleared,  aid  at  once  sailed  to  Port  Angeles  and  .sec;  > 

the  anchor  and  chain  left  in  his  haste  to  get  away. 

Desirous  of  emulating  the  Oregon  Steam  Ns  . gallon  Com- 
pany in  its  wonderful  success  on  the  Columbia,  an  organization 
compo.sed  principally  of  Puget  Sound  men,  and  bearing  the  name, 
Columbia  Transportation  Company,  was  incorporated  at  Vancouver, 
Washington  Territory.  The  promoters  were  T.  H.  Smith,  A.  1), 
Sanders,  Milton  Aldrich,  E.  S.  Fowler,  1).  Horton,  W.  VV.  Miller, 
P.  J.  Morey,  A.  S.  Abernethy,  and  Chr.rles  C.  Phillips.  The  articles 
of  incorporation  slated  that  the  company  was  organized  for  the 
purpose  of  building,  buying  and  running  steamboats,  steamships, 
railroads,  etc,  The  company  never  accomplished  many  of  these 
intentions,  and,  as  far  as  transporting  anything  on  the  Colunibiii  was 
concerned,  the  title  proved  a  misnomer. 

Several  sailing  vessels  arrived  at  Victoria  in  1862  from 
England,  and  a  few  of  them  came  well  laden  with  pa.ssengers.  The 
British  ship  Cyclone  brought  120  from  London,  the  Mountain  Wove 
145  fror.i  Sydney,  and  the  ship  I.ockett  and  the  bark  San  I'yaiuisfo 
from  London,  the  bark  Onward  and  the  ship  .  ///  Sennc  from  Sydney 
also  brought  a  few,  and  in  September  an  ocean  tramp  steamship,  the  Tynemouth,  arrived  at  Victoria  from  London 
with  242,  There  were  but  few  changes  in  the  coasting  fleet  of  .sailing  craft  this  year  ;  nearly  all  of  the  old-timers 
found  plenty  of  business,  and  a   few  new  ones  appeared   to  keep  transpo/tation  facilities  up  with    Mie  march  of 


Cait,  HnWAKn  Mowakp 


'T,  I,  Winsliip.  one  oltlie  l>cst  known  of  the  early  ciiKini-'^r.s  in  llic  Norlhwesl,  was  l)orn  in  .N'cw  Vorlc  in  1.S27  anil  came  lo 
the  l':ici(u*  Coast  on  the  steanishiji  Sliitbritk,  with  which  he  remained  as  chief  for  many  years.  He  w.as  an  excellent  en)^ineer  and 
machinist  and  a  ^ood-nalnred.  whole-sonled  gentleman,  wlio  had  a  Intsl  of  fiiends  in  e\;.'ry  jjort  his  vessel  visited  ;  anil  it  was  in  Iiis 
honor  that  the  Winship  Chowder  Cluh,  an  e)r^ani/.ation  of  ancient  mariners  on  the  Colnnif)ia  River,  received  its  name,  .\fter  leaving' 
the  SItuhrick.  Winship  received  the  appointment  of  lanipist  in  the  lifjlithonse  service  on  the  Pacific  Coasl.  holding  this  position  luitil 
his  deatli,  which  occnrred  in  San  hVancisco,  March  5,  187S, 

'"Capt.  Kihvard  Howard  may  well  he  called  the  dean  of  shipmasters  in  the  Northwest.  Ten  years  hefore  the  conslriulinn 
ot  the  ancient  steamer  Hearer  he  was  sailing  as  .-in  ai)prentice  Itoy.  and  was  master  itf  a  hrij^  in  the  West  Indian  trade  \  .,,11  1!  it 
pioneer  departed  from  the  flld  World  for  the  Northwest,  nearly  sixty  ye.irs  ago.  He  was  tiurn  in  Ivngland  in  1.S12,  and  at  •  t-  -ic  ■  ■' 
thirteen  was  ap]>renticed  on  a  i.imj-tun  iVigate  rnnninj;  to  lndi;i.  narrowly  avoiding  wreck  on  the  Malabar  coast  hefore  Ik    .  i 

in  safety  from  his  first  venture  in  i,S2(),  .\fter  a  visit  to  the  coast  of  I'rance  he  again  jonrneyeii  to  the  Ivist  in  the  sl'.ip  I'liliinm. 
which  grounded  in  the  ('.anges.  tortnnately  escaping  from  the  treach.'roiis  sands,  which  had  swallowed  up  many  .a  noble  craft.  <  Mil} 
one  other  had  ever  lloated  afler  a  similar  mishap  in  that  rivei ,  It  was  on  the  ship  l.iulv  A'oTceiid,  with  a  cargo  of  sheep  from  I.oi,!oii 
for  Tasmania,  that  yonng  Howard  found  hi.s  next  berth,  and  on  his  return  he  joined  a  ])rison  shi])  which  transported  five  linn  Ireil 
convicts  lo  .Viislralia  from  Cork  Irel.ind  ,\fter  ilischarging  them  she  sailed  for  the  Hast  Indies,  touching  at  .Samarang.  Jav  1  at 
Tenaiig  and  Singapore,  finallv  loading  betel  nut  on  the  coasl  01"  Sumatra  for  Calcutta.  .At  this  point  he  otfered  his  services  to  die 
.American  ship  Messeiif;er.  bound  for  Ilostoii.  Mass,  He  left  the  .^fmenger  for  the  Comlelliilion,  with  which  he  remained  t'  'fe 
years,  visiting  .'.iverpool,  Hamburg  and  ,\msterdain.  He  (piit  her  at  New  Orleans  in  i.Sv^,  anil  a  month  later  was  cast  away  \Mtli 
the  brig  Clio,  on  wliich  he  hail  shipped  for  I'hiladelphia,  He  then  sailed  to  the  West  Imlies  on  the  brig  (•aiieilill,  nearly  d  iij; 
with  tlie  vellow  fever  at  St.  Thomas,  On  his  recovery  he  returned  to  the  I'nited  Slates  and  coasteil  for  a  short  I'liie  on  ilie ''ri^ 
Java,  from  which  he  went  to  the  brig  C^^nstiliilion,  rnnning  to  New  Orleans,  V  .it  after  one  trip  emharkei"  on  llie  //.  „■  "I'/c  foi  die 
West  Indies,  On  tlie  cimclusion  of  that  voy.ige  h'.  joined  the  ship  I'osl  (a/i/a  'i  for  Uio  Janeiro,  and  ifi  r  hi  it'.'.-.ni  I.:  lln  I'liiieil 
States  signed  with  the  brig  A'li/iiinH  at  I'liiliidelphia,  which  went  up  the  Potomac  to  ('leorgelown  and  lo.uled  for  Harbi'^<  bul  v.is 
wrecked  before  reaching  Iter  destination.  He  was  snbseiinently  captain  of  the  brig  .  Itttlienlie.  .-\s  there  are  tee  iitj.i.ia  'ers 
living  who  have  enjoyed  such  a  long  and  eventful  career,  a  condensed  account  of  Captain  Howard's  sixty  years'  experience  .s  ,1 


The  Oregon  otenm  Navigation  Company's  Best  Days,  /If any  New  Steamers  in  Paget  Sound  Waters       113 

progress.  The  number  of  vessels  loading  lumber  on  the  Sound  was  larger  than  in  1861.  Among  them  were  the 
following :  Ships  Virginia,  Lady  Young,  Electric  Spark,  Golden  Rule,  Coqiiimbo,  Dublin  :  barks  I^ella  Marina, 
[kiijiii'iiii  A'nsli,  Carlotta.  Brontes,"  Keoka,  William  Kurcher,  Pliillif>  /.,■  barkeiitine  //'■  //.  Gaicler,"  and  a  great 
iiniiy  smaller  vessels  of  various  rigs.  Utsalady  was  an  important  lumber  point  in  1.S62,  and  during  the  year  ten 
carjroi-'^  were  shipped  foreign.  Of  this  fleet  the  ships  Golden  Rule,  Devonshire,  .{ndrcw  Jackson  and  Seaman's 
Br'ulc  sailed  for  Spain,  the  ship  /Angara  and  the  bark  Grace  Hammond  for  Valparaiso,  the  ships  Lady  Young 
,i;i(l  .///(■(•  Thorndyke  for  New  Zealand,  the  ship  Midas  for  Australia,  and  the  brigantine  Colonel  W.  //.  Wallace 
for  S!'.anj;hai,  while  the  bark  lona.  barkeiitine  Xellie  Merrill,  and  schooner  Sarah,  loaded  for  San  Francisco.  The 
old  RVLMiiie  cutter  Jeff  Davis,  whicii  had  become  a  prominent  figure  in  marine  circles  on  the  Sound,  was  sold 
in  January,  G -ennan  &  Cranny  purchasing  her  for  $2,920.     South  of  the  Columbia  there  was  but  little  trade 


)listr',lr 

ton 

t  '    .    1. 

'  -il 

K      . 

r/w. 

r;ilt.     ( 

Miy 

t)in  I.ni 

Ion 

\e  liini 

rf'l 

I'K.  Ji'v 

,  at 

vices  tn 

the 

liiieil  t 

rpe 

iuvay 

'.  lib 

t'.'irly  il 

"K 

>n  ilu' 

■rlK 

v/r  fr>l 

;liv 

111.  ri 

::l-i1 

liiit 

vas 

■.ny.M 

;ers 

erietici' 

,S  II 

cominaniler  is  well  worthy  of  iiarralion.  After  leaviii;;  the  .lulhentic  lie  rail  the  schooner  Cyrus  in  the  Meilitrrraiiean  trade  from  KS37 
uiilil  iS|i,  then  llie  brij;  /'cnanir  from  tlie  Mediterranean  to  the  Rio  de  la  I'lata.  whence,  finding  no  employment,  he  went  to  Rio 
laucirci  and  loaded  coffee  for  Philailelpliia.  He  then  sailed  on  tile  Cliif^pola  to  Hrar.il  and  relnru  ;  the  ship  tfiiaico,  St.  Thomas  ',o 
Hamburg.  brinKinfJ  her  back  to  New  York  ;  the  schooner  .Sarah ;  the  I'hilatlilphia,  on  the  ronnd  trip  to  Harhadoes  ;  the  brig  Echo, 
10  Havre  de  C'.race  and  Sydney,  Cape  Breton  ;  and  then  for  two  years  lie  commancleil  the  Fashion,  the  fastest  schooner  sailing  ont  of 
anv  port  in  the  I'liited  States  at  that  time,  rurcliasing  an  interest  in  the  brig  Georf^cs,  he  engaged  in  the  Mediterranean  trade, 
afterward  taking  her  to  Africa,  where  the  vessel  was  disposed  of  and  became  a  slaver.  Howard  tarried  for  a  few  months  before 
Koing  tci  Italiia,  where  he  fonnil  the  confiscated  bark  Maud  Thcrcui  in  the  hands  of  the  American  consul,  waiting  for  a  master  to 
lake  licr  to  the  I'nited  States.  Captain  Howard  advanced  f  i,,^o<)  and  brought  her  .safely  to  this  country,  accepting  an  order  on  the 
Covenimeut  for  the  money  invested.  On  reaching  his  journey's  end  he  turned  the  vessel  over  to  the  owners  and  presented  the 
draft,  which  the  department  refiLsed  to  honor;  and,  although  Captain  Howard  has  spent  fully  |;i,<)<xi  in  attempts  to  collect,  the 
aiiiuuiit  is  still  unpaid.  At  Philadelphia  he  purchased  a  lirig  called  the  A'or.om  and  made  one  voyage  to  the  West  Indies, 
sabsc<|ucnlly  loailing  at  New  York  for  Madeira.  On  the  way  she  was  disni.'.sted,  and  laid  at  I.i.sbon  three  months  for  repairs,  finally 
ijCiting  awav  and  reaching  the  island  in  the  spring  of  iS.ig.  where,  after  discharging,  he  received  freight  and  passengers  for  Hahia. 
In  crossing  the  equator  the  Kouvna  fell  in  with  several  ve'  els  loaded  with  emigrants  for  California.  After  reaching  lialiia  he  sailed 
for  Rio,  where,  finding  the  .•\m>:r:.";n  bark  .SV.  Maiy  finc.icially  distressed,  he  advanced  money  anil  .secured  her,  chartering  his  brig 
to  parties  by  whom  it  was  used  'ii  'he  slave  trade.  Wi'.ii  the  .S?.  .l/<;;j  he  reached  San  I'ranci.sco,  .August  4,  1849,  and,  when  the  bark 
was  sold  at  auction  to  clear  his  '.lottomry  claim  of  J7,6<x),  he  bid  her  in,  and  after  refitting,  sailed  in  November  with  one  hundred 
anil  twenty  ]iassengers  for  P".iiaina.  where  the  bark  was  sold.  He  journeyed  across  the  Isthmus  on  a  mule  to  Cliagrcs,  where  he 
vpciireil  passage  on  a  steamer  to  New  York.  There  he  bought  the  bark  /.eonosa,  the  brig  .  l/crt.  and  an  interest  in  the  ship  Hiicna 
r.'sttt.  He  sailed  the  I.eonosa  to  California  himself,  but  subsequently  turned  her  over  to  liis  brollier,  Capt.  Dan  Howard,  and  bought 
llie  schooner  Jtilicl,  which  he  o|)erateil  for  a  short  time  on  the  Southern  coast,  but,  having  been  taken  sick  at  Panama,  returned  to 
San  I'rancisco  on  the  steamer  Republic,  leaving  bis  mate  in  charge  of  \.\\q  Juliet,  b'rom  San  I'rancisco  he  went  Ivist  by  way  of 
Panama  on  the  steamer  ('nion,  was  shipwrecked,  but  rescued  and  taken  on  by  the  jVor/hcriicr,  reaching  New  York  in  due  season, 
where  lie  invested  in  the  batk  Ucnnionc,  ran  her  to  the  West  Indies  auil  Mobile,  and  later  took  her  from  Charleston  to  iiottenburg, 
Sweden,  laden  with  cotton,  for  a  return  cargo,  loading  timber  for  London,  thence  to  Sydney,  N.  S  W.,  to  Madras,  back  to  Sydney 
with  passengers  and  freight,  and  from  there  to  Calcutta.  Captain  Howaril  had  the  misfortune  to  'ose  his  son,  a  lad  of  sixteen,  and 
liissccouii  mate  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hngli  River.  Returning  to  Sydney  he  found  business  poo'.  but  secured  a  little  freight  and  a 
few  missionaries  for  the  Navigator  Islands.  Having  landed  them  at  Apia  he  visited  one  of  the  adjacent  islands  and  tlie.i  sailed  for 
Tahiti  to  shi])  a  crew,  whicli  he  li.Til  been  unable  to  secure  at  Apia.  I''roni  Tahiti  he  went  to  Valparaiso,  and  was  chartered  to  take 
ciinio  til  the  Sandwich  Islands  for  the  British  Heel  then  in  the  North  Pacific  ;  from  Honolulu  he  steered  for  San  P'rancisco,  arriving 
in  February,  1855.  He  laid  the  Ucnnionc  up  and  took  command  of  the  l.conosa,  placing  her  on  the  Sound,  where  '.le  assisted  his 
lirother  and  Captain  Reiiton  out  of  a  financial  difliculty  ill  which  they  had  become  involved  in  operating  the  Port  Orchard  Mills. 
He  then  look  up  a  homestead  at  Port  Orchard,  but  soon  abandoned  it  and  returned  to  the  l.conoui,  which  he  ran  lUiring  the  Indian 
tronliles  .\  trans.iction  in  which  he  engaged  at  this  time  resulted  in  a  loss  of  nearly  f  id.ihki.  He  went  to  Portland  for  a  cargo  for 
llie  Interior  Department  and  jiaid  for  it  in  gold.  His  compensation  from  the  (foverninent  was  in  scrip,  which  he  was  obliged  to 
dispose  of  at  a  heavy  discount.  In  1S57  he  bought  a  shipload  of  lumber,  sailed  for  Chile,  and  followed  the  coasting  trade  until  the 
I'raser  Ri\er  excitement,  when  he  visited  Victoria,  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  and  wv  it  into  busii-css.  His  mate  ran  the 
Leoiiosa  in  the  '.'oasting  trade  nearly  a  year,  ami  finally  lost  her,  with  all  hands.  The  disaster  told  heavily  on  her  owner,  as  the 
couipa'' .  ill  ^  hicli  she  was  insured  failed  about  till:  lime  and  he  received  nothing.  Captain  Howard  then  went  to  the  mines  and 
pxpei.  ,1'ii  i|;i.i»»  ill  .securing  J17.511  worth  of  gold.  This  disheartening  experience  sent  him  to  Victoria,  where  he  bought  the 
sc'"  '.  M  "''M'i.  ',  tilting  her  up  at  a  cost  of  ^2.ikk>.  She  was  put  in  cliarge  oi"  a  man  who  lost  her  very  soon.  He  subseiiuentlv 
•';■     .1-  '■  i;,\\    Francisco   and    jmrchased   the   schooner   /''.   /'.   (hccti,  and   after  extricating   lier    from   difiiculties  mentioned 

e'  -  '\  .'.  lu'  in  the  coasting  trade  along  Vancouver  and  (Jueeu  Charlotte's  Island  until  he  sold  her  a  few  months  lai  .- and 
se>.!  u-'  ■  '  .rl  .  ■'■'ivpolis,  making  trips  to  Mex:co  and  to  Hawaii.  He  then  gave  up  his  Vicli-ria  interests,  and,  taking  his  family 
aboarii,  sai'  '  1  t'.ip  Sandwich  Islands  and  subsequently  to  \'alparaiso,  where  he  disposed  of  the  vessel  and  engaged  in  business. 
Here  his  wi.  ■  ,l''e  '  and  shortly  afterward  he  concluded  to  leave  South  .America.  Ho  obtained  a  small  steamer,  removed  her 
niachinery,  rigj;cu  ner  as  a  schooner,  and  cleared  for  San  P'rancisco  with  a  cargo  of  linseed  and  waluuls.  his  three  children 
aicompauying  him.  One  hundred  and  forty-five  days  were  consumed  in  the  jiassnge.  He  sold  the  schooner  'vilhiii  a  short  lime  and 
bnn^'lit  the  brig  Ifcrninc.  on  whicli  he  made  a  couple  of  voyages  to  Ce  itral  .America,  upon  the  completion  of  which  he  sailed  for 
Cal'an  with  a  cargo  of  Uiniber,  but  encountered  bad  weather  off  the  coast  of  Mexico  and  was  obliged  to  transfer  the  cargo  to  another 
vessel  .mil  jiiit  into  (iuayaqiiil  for  repairs.  I'roni  there  he  took  a  load  of  bamboo  to  Callao  and  disposed  of  the  brig,  returning  to 
.S.in  l-'raucisco  as  a  ])<".sseiiger  on  the  ship  Washiui^ton  /.ihhy  in  1870.  Soon  alter  his  arrival  Captain  Howard  acquired  the  schooner 
I'm.ly  .Siillon,  with  which  he  .sailed  to  (inaymas,  from  tiiere  toiik  a  theatrical  troupe  to  I. a  Paz,  and  thence  traded  along  the 
Mexican  coast,  carrying  freight  betweei:  the  dififeitnt  ports  during  the  civil  war  there.  He  finally  got  rid  of  the  schooner  and 
relumed  to  San  I'rancisco  in  1H72,  since  which  the  Captain  has  b,cn  in  the  lumber  and  coal  trade  out  of  Pnget  Sound  ports,  serving 
for  many  years  in  the  employ  of  Nicholas  Iliircliaid  and  ab-  ■  ■  -liliug  vessels  of  his  own.  His  last  command  was  the  ship  A'ichard 
III.  owned  by  R.  Dnnsmuir  S:  Co.  He  took  her  in  1,889  and  remained  in  charge  until  September,  1894.  when  he  retired  from  the 
water  after  sixly-uine  years  of  active  .service,  fifty-nine  of  which  were  spent  on  the  iiuarter-ileck. 

'Capt.  lieorge  H.  White,  master  of  the  bark  llivntcs  in  1862,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1,840.  After  coming  West  in  1861  he  ran 
I  'le  on  the  bark  /.ire  Yankee,  Capt.  John  Wiggin,  San  I'rancisco  to  Portland.  I'roni  1S62  until  1864  he  was  s.ailing  between 
- 11  ;'r  .ucisco  and  Seabeck  on  the  lironics  and  the  barkeiitine  Fremont.  His  next  vessel  was  the  bark  Flla  Fiancis,  Port  Blakeley 
I  *  I'rancisco,  whicli  he  left  to  go  on  the  bark  //'.  .  /.  Hanks  for  a  season.  He  was  siibsei|uently  in  charge  of  the  ship  ll'aihauk 
'•>:  .  ■■  'ear'  ail.  ,■  .vhicli  he  sailed  the  bark  Rainier,  owned  bv  Pope  &  T.-ilbot,  reiuaining  with  her  as  master  for  four  or  five  vears, 
aUc  'viiu'.i  !.e  made  a  cruise  to  the  South  Pacific  on  the  brig  Tanner.  I'pou  the  completion  of  this  voyjige  he  went  to  Port  Blakeiev 
and  '  .did  lumber  for  the  .Sandwich  Islands.  Returning  in  i.s.So,  he  settled  at  Port  Towu.send,  and  ill  i8S^  bought  a  farm  at  Port 
Anselc.  He  has  since  made  occasional  trips  on  the  water  on  the  tugboats //d/jiiXv,  (,'oliah.  Hi:  and  A'i(//t'.  He  has  not  been 
en);a);i  d  in  inarinc  pursuits  since  1.890.  at  which  time  he  was  elected  .Assessor  of  Clallam  County. 

Capt.  James  K.  Williams,  master  of  the  II'.  II.  Gawlcy  in  1.862,  was  born  in  Nova  .Scotia  ':;  '.S.u  and  began  his  life  on  the 
water,  -nling  between  Halifax,  N.  .S.,  and  the  West  Iniiies.  He  first  visited  the  Northwest  in  iS.ii^,  and  sailed  in  the  lumber  trade 
liedire  Uiere  was  a  sawmill  on  the  Sound,  and  when  the  only  mode  of  securing  a  cargo  was  to  go  into  the  woods  anil  hew  it  out.  He 
was  Willi  ('..  .A.  Meiggs  for  twenty-live  years,  and  after  leaving  this  service  he  entered  the  employ  of  Miles  M:  Rudrow,  !'or  the  past 
ei)!ht  viars  he  has  been  in  the  coal  trade  between  Nanaimo  and  haii  Francisco,  being  at  present  in  command  of  the  ship 
\\\vhu..tl. 


n  !■!:■'! 


i  %. 


■ 


r 


) 
1  i 


If 


114 


Lewis  cj  Diyden's  Marine  l^istory  of  thv  Pacific  /Northwest 


except  at  Coos  Bay  and  the  ITinpqua,  from  which  point  several  trading  vessels  were  plying  to  San  Francisco. 
A  new  schooner  named  the  Rrant  was  launched  at  Tillamook  for  the  Portland  trade,  hut  was  unfortunately 
wrecked  shortly  afterward.  Captain  Ketchum  was  running  the  sloop  Fanny  to  the  Columbia,  and  Capt. 
I'eter  Svenson  made  a  few  trips  with  the  schooner  Elfitora,  the  craft  with  which  he  afterward  transported  all 
of  the  stone  for  the  Portland  Custom-house. 

Among  the  notable  deaths  of  the  year  were :  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt,  whose  life  ended  in  Portland. 
February  i8th,  and  Capt.  J.  P.  Keller  of  the  Puget  Mill  Company,  who  passed  away  in  Victoria,  June  i  ith,  aged 
fifty  years.  Captain  Keller  was  the  pioneer  lumberman  on  Pnget  Sound,  having  come  to  Port  Gamble  on  the 
schooner  /,.  /'.  I'ostcr  in  185,^,  at  which  place  his  wife  was  the  first  white  woman  to  land.  In  San  Franci.sco. 
March  Jist,  Capt.  J.  P.  Hagley  of  the  brig  Eiioxy,  who  had  sailed  for  many  years  in  the  Puget  Sound  hiinber 
trade,  was  drowned  at  Steuart  Street  wharf.  He  left  a  wife  and  two  children  in  Belfast,  Me.,  which  had  been 
his  home  before  coming  to  the  Coast.  John  Girty,  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  7'rnino,  died  July  13th,  aged 
thirty-two  years.     He  was  a  native  of  Michigan,  and  had  been  on  the  Columbia  since  1S51. 

.Several  fatal  marine  disasters  occurred  in  1862,  nearly  all  of  them  in  connection  with  small  vessels.  The 
one  accompanied  by  the  greatest  sacrifice  of  life  was  that  of  the  schooner  7'o/o,  from  Victoria  for  Port  I.udlow. 
She  ivas  in  command  of  Captain  Maloney,  and  while  crossing  the  Straits,  February  2,^d,  capsized  near  San  Juan 
Island  during  a  heavy  scpiall,  drownin.'.:  the  captain,  William  Sherlock,  second  mate,  the  two  Anderson  brothers, 
seamen,  the  Chinese  cook,  and  the  full'  f''-  ■',  fissengers:  R.  A.  Eddy,  W.  Carter,  W.  Cox,  \V.  Ivhlers.  F.J, 
Hyrne,  and  Nelson  and  Sullivan,  two  of  l.i  were  rescued  from  the  wreck  the  next  day  by  the  sloop  Random 

and  taken  to  Victoria. 

The  New  Grenadan  bark   Ami  lienia,u,  from  San   Francisco  for  Sooke  to  load   piles  and  lumber,  was 

wrecked  on  the  west  coast  of 
Vancouver  I.sland,  February  jfith. 
The  vessel  parted  a  m  i  d  s  h  i  p  s 
almost  immediately  after  striking, 
and  the  cook  and  one  seaman 
were  lost.  Captain  OInistead 
swam  to  land,  and  the  rest  of  the 
crew,  seven  in  number,  waited  for 
low  tide  and  then  reached  shore  in 
safety.  The  Indians  living  in  the 
vicinity  secured  the  wreckage. 
The  schooner  .'haiit.  of  about  fifty 
tons  burden,  built  at  Tillamook 
this  year,  was  cast  away,  and 
the  captain,  Benjamin  OIney.  was 
drowned.  The  hull  was  after- 
ward hauled  up  on  the  beach  at 
Tillamook,  and,  after  being 
repaired,  was  launched  aj^ain. 
Captain  t)lney  was  an  uncle  of  Capt.  Hiram  Olney,  who  lost  his  life  when  the  Dob  /rviiii^  exploded  her  Ixiiler. 
and  of  Capt.  Kane  Olney,  now  running  on  the  Columbia  River.  The  ship  Coijiiimbo,  from  vSan  Franci.sco  for 
Seabeck,  in  ballast,  went  ashore  five  miles  below  Dungeness.  Jaiuiary  22d.  The  wreck  was  sold  to  the  Port 
Madison  Mill  Company,  who  succeeded  in  floating  her,  and  after  extensive  repairs  she  was  put  in  the  Kunber 
traffic.  The  steamship  Simla  C'ni:.  formerly  well  known  on  the  Northern  routes,  burned  on  the  Vang-tse  River 
in  February  while  11/  roulc  from  Shanghai  to  Hankow,  six  of  the  crew  losing  their  lives. 

The  growing  importance  of  the  steamboat  business  was  recognized  in  the  year  iSfi,^  by  the  e.stablishment 
of  an  inspection  district  in  the  Northwest.  Prior  to  this  date  all  matters  relating  to  the  examination  of  steamers, 
and  the  i.ssuing  of  licenses  to  officers,  were  referred  to  San  Francisco,  a  proceeding  which  was  not  only  expensive 
but  unsatisfactory.  Ca])t.  John  H.  Couch  was  appointed  inspector  of  hulls,  and  John  Gates  of  boilers.  All  di  the 
steamers  north  of  the  California  line,  except  on  the  waters  adjacent  to  British  Columbia,  came  under  llieir 
jurisdiction,  the  Puget  Sound  District  not  having  been  established  until  several  j'ears  afterward. 

The  first  papers  issued  from  the  Portland  office  in  i.SfS^  were  the  following  renewals  of  pilots'  licenses  :  I,  C. 
.\inswortli,  J.  T.  Apperson,  V,.  W.  Daughman,  Hiram  Brown,  ICugene  V.  Coe,  Francis  Conner.  J.  W.  Cochrane. 
Robert  Copely,  Alfred  Crosby,  S.  J.  I)e  Wolf,  Thomas  Downey,  Cliarles  ICdwards,  A.  C.  I''arusworth,  C.  C.  I'VIton. 
M.  M.  Gilman,  James  H.  Gist,  J.  H.  D.  Gray,  H.  \,.  Hoyt,  George  Jerome,  Philip  Johnson,  Joseph  Kellogg,  .1  T. 
Kerns,  \V.  C.  Martin,  W".  Metzger,  J.  McNulty,  J.  I).  Miller,  S.  V,.  Miller,  Josiah  Myrick,  Cliff  Olsen,  Georj;'  A, 
Pease,  Moses  Rogers.  W.  H.  Smith,  H.  A.  Snow,  James  Strang,  P.  St.  Thomas,  T.  J.  Stump,  William  Thimias, 
James  Turnbull,  J.  O.  Van  Bergen,  W.  I.  Waitt,  Leonard  White,  R.  N.  White,  John  H.  Wolf 

New  pilots'  licenses  were  granted  to :  Alpliouso  Boon,  John  S.  Butters,  William  Cassidy,  W.  I,.  IIiK.i:ins, 
Pliilo  Holbrook,  Charles  Holman,  Lewis  Piper,  J.  W.  Schroede,  Charles  B.  Spear,  George  W.  Taylor,  George  Th.iyer. 


Stkamkk  ''Onkonta' 


'& 

S) 


The  Oregon  Stvam  Naviyation  Company's  Best  Days,  Many  New  Steaners  in  Pucjfl  Sound  Waters       i  i.S 

I'lif  following  engineers'  licenses  were  renewed  :  Peter  Anderson,  William  lUirt,  I.ouis  Childers.  I'.  J. 
Couli'^k,  P.  W.  De  Hnff,  William  Doran,  John  Dorcy,  James  IClton,  E.  B.  Fellows,  S.  ('lallovvay,  R.  (iammill,  John 
Gates,  I.  M.  Oilman.  A.  H.  Harding,  Nicholas  Hann,  Jacob  Kamra,  I-Uislia  Kellogg,  J.J.  I.awlor,  John  Marshall, 
Cieor);c  Marshall.  James  Miner,  J.  H.  Moore,  M.  Mulligan,  1).  Pardun,  N.  Seebert,  Thomas  Smith.  John  G.  Toner, 
\V,  II.  Troup,  A.  X'ickers,  J.  J.  Wintler. 

N'cw  engineers'  licenses  were  granted  to  :  Cleorge  Clark,  John  H.  Hoyt,  Pienson  I.efTell.  John  H.  Myers, 
lohn  N.ition,  F.  N.  Spear,  James  Wilson,  A.  C.  Winslow. 

More  keels  were  laid  in  the  Northwest  in  i.S6,^  than  in  any  previous  year,  and  some  of  the  products  were 
finer  :iuil  faster  than  the  best  of  their  predeces.sors.  The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  led  all  others  with 
three  iRW  steamers,  the  finest  of  the  trio,  the  Oiieo/i/a.  approaching  nearer  to  the  Mississippi  River  style  of 
stcanilioiit  than  anything  on  the  Columbia.  She  was  built  at  the  Ca.scades  by  master  builder  Samuel  Forman, 
iiiuicr  the  superintendence  of  Jacob  Kanim,  and  rebuilt  at 
Collins'  Landing  in  iSriy  by  John  Gates,  who  was  then  chief 
engineer  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company.  Her 
dimensions  were  as  follows  :  length,  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
two  feel;  beam,  twenty-eight  feet  six  inches;  depth  of  hold, 
eight  feel  six  inches  ;  engines,  eighteen  by  seventy-two  inches. 
She  had  the  regulation  high  smokestacks,  with  outside  exhaust, 
and  proved  expensive  to  operate.  Capt.  John  McNulty  was  her 
first  commander  on  the  middle  river,  and  retained  this  position 
until  1S69.  Trade  in  this  vicinity  declined  after  her  reconstruc- 
tion so  in  June,  1870,  Captain  Ainsworth  piloted  her  »,  .  the 
Cascades,  to  which  point  .she  continued  to  run  from  Portl.  id, 
in  command  of  the  veteran  Wolf,  until  1H77,  when  the 
machinery  was  removed  and  she  was  converted  into  a  barge. 
The  first  year  following  her  arrival  on  the  lower  river  there  was 
a  lively  steamboat  war  on  the  Vancouver  route,  and  the  Oiuoiila 
carried  passengers  free  and  freight  at  81  per  ton  between  that 
point  and  Portland.  The  steamers  W'ch/ool  and  Ne:  Perec  Chief 
were  built  at  Celilo  to  run  in  connection  with  the  Oneoiiln. 
Tile  \\':bj\h>t  was  much  larger  than  any  steamer  previously 
launclied  on  the  upper  river,  but  owing  to  poor  construction 
was  a  failure.  Portions  of  her  house  and  machinery  were  taken 
from  the  old  steamer  f.aloiiia.  which  had  put  into  the  Columbia 
while  (v;  roiile  to  the  Sound  and  was  too  nearly  a  wreck  to 
proceed  The  Webfool  was  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  long,  with  thirty -one  feet  beam,  and  could  carry 
a  heavy  cargo  of  freight  in  comparatively  .shallow  water.  She  was  commanded  during  almost  her  entire  career 
by  Capt.  luigene  F.  Coe,  although  J.  H.  1".  Gray  and  others  occasionally  had  charge  of  her.  Her  engines  were 
seventeen  l)y  eighty-four  inches,  and,  when  the  Webfool  wore  out,  they  were  removed  and  subsequently  placed  in 
the  steiuner  A'wwir  I/a\:e(ud,  which  succeeded  in  getting  considerable  service  out  of  them.  The  steamer  .Wc 
Peire  Chief',  in  command  of  Capt.  J.  H.  I).  Gray,  ran  between  Celilo  and  Lewiston,  and  made  very  good  time  in 
passenger  service  but  was  too  light  for  a  freight  boat.  During  the  Salmon  River  excitement  she  was  credited  with 
transp.irtiug  the  most  valuable  cargo  ever  brought  down  the  river,  the  value  of  gold  dust  on  her  manifest  October 
:ij.  isii-,  l)oing  $;iS2,<)oi),  Gray  was  followed  by  Capt.  Kugene  F.  Coe  and  Capt.  Thomas  vStunip,  the  latter  being 
tile  last  ill  charge  on  the  upper  river.  In  1870  she  was  taken  over  Tuniwater  h'alls  by  Capt.  John  I5ra/ee,  and 
from  there  to  The  Dalles  by  Captain  McNulty  going  to  the  lower  river  the  following  June  with  Captain 
.\ins..-orth  at  the  wheel.  She  had  ssen  her  best  days  before  she  left  the  upper  river,  and  as  .soon  as  she  reached 
Portland  the  engines  were  removed  and  the  hull  u.sed  as  a  barge.  Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  one  hundred 
and  twenty-six  feet;  beam,  twenty-five  feet  ;  depth  of  hold,  five  feet  ;  engines,  sixteen  by  sixty-six  inches. 

Tile  People's  Transportation  Company,  who.se  organization  and  subse(iuent  career  are  related  in  detail  at 
tile  coniniencement  of  this  chapter,  Iniilt  the  fine  steamers  A".  D.  A'dXr;  and  //vV,  and  started  after  the  Oregon 
Steam  Navigation  Company  on  the  Columbia  River  routes.  The  fuif^er  was  the  crack  boat  of  the  company,  and 
was  one  of  the  fastest  sternwheelers  that  had  appeared  on  the  Columbia.  She  was  launched  at  \'aucouver.  and 
iiiniiediitely  after  completion  was  |)ut  on  the  Cascade  route  in  commaud  of  Ca])t.  K.  W.  Haughman,  who  left  the 
iniddle  river  fi)r  tliat  purpose,  .\fter  the  two  big  corporations  compromised,  the  steamer  made  a  few  irregular 
liip^  -;i  the  Willamette,  and  was  finally  sunk  near  Oswego.  She  was  rai.sed  shortly  afterward,  but  her  hull  was 
in  po  M  ,(indition,  and  the  engines  were  removed  and  placed  in  the  /u  /iaiiee  and  sub.seciuently  in  the  .  l/iee.  The 
/:.  IK  i:,ik(  r  was  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  sixteen 
liy  sevrnty-two  inches.  While  her  life  was  brief,  her  good  work  on  the  Cascade  run  during  the  struggle  for 
supremacy  between  the  two  companies  probably  hastened  the  settlement  of  the  controversy.  Tin  'lis, 
constvnited  at   the  Cascades  by  master  builder  Piles,  was  a  very  fast   steamer  for  that  period.     Her  dimensions 


1*HKI>    Wir.MlN 


m 


m 


fli  ■ 


S  I       -:  1 


•I 


If 


y- 


IM 


Tm 


i  ;l  il 


ri6 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


9  i 


I! 


were :  length,  one  Imndred  and  sixty-one  feet ;  beam,  twenty-four  feet ;  depth,  seven  feet  ten  inches.  Her  first 
captain  was  E.  W.  Haughman,  one  of  the  stockholders  of  the  company,  who  ran  her  between  The  Dalles  and  the 
Cascades.  After  the  compronii.se  between  the  two  companies  she  continued  on  the  route  as  a  stock  boat,  in 
command  of  Capt.  Fred  Wilson,"  who  ran  her  until  1H68,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  John  McNulty.  She 
was  a  short-lived  steamer,  and  early  in  the  .seventies  was  dismantled,  and  her  engines,  which  were  .sixtetii  by 
seventy-two  inches,  were  taken  to  The  Dalles  and  remodeled,  afterward  being  .sent  to  the  lower  river,  whert.'  they 
were  placed  in  a  steamer  intended  for  the  Astoria  run.  Above  The  Dalles  the  business  of  the  People's 
Transportation  Company  was  handled  by  the  steamer  A'/yiis,  a  small  sternwheeler  run  by  Capt.  Leonard  White, 
with  Lon  Vickers,  engineer,  and  E.  Vickers"  among  the  crew.     Thus  equipped  the  new  system  was  in  a  position 

to  demand   the  very  generous  concession  received  from  the  Oregon  ,Sie,ini 
'       Navigation  Company  when  the  settlement  was  arranged  in  June. 

The  Cf/i/o,  the  first  steamer  to  make  the  trip  from  the  upper  river  to 
The  Dalles,  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  middle  river,  but  Wi.s  too  small  to 
disturb  either  of  its  big  rivals.  She  was  a  small  propeller,  built  at  Celilo  hy 
W.  D.  Higelow,  who  operated  her  him.self  As  she  was  poorly  adapted  for 
any  service  except  towing,  and  as  there  was  but  little  of  that  work  on  that 
portion  of  the  Columbia,  she  was  brought  through  the  rapids  to  The  Dalles 
.soon  after  her  completion,  and  from  there  Capt.  Dan  Haughman  took  her  over 
the  Ca.scades  in  August,  1864,  with  K.  Congdon,  engineer,  who  ran  her  as  a 
towboat  until  February,  1.S65,  when  she  was  purchased  by  the  Oregon  Steam 
Navigation  Company  and  fitted  up  as  a  passenger  .steamer.  As  there  was  110 
place  for  her  in  their  line  she  was  chartered  to  Capt.  John  T.  Kerns,  who  put 
her  on  the  Lewis  River  route  in  May,  1S65,  but  she  did  not  make  much  of  a 
success  owing  to  her  small  size.  She  was  finally  withdrawn  and  u.sed  in  the 
jobbing  trade  for  a  short  time,  and  then  taken  to  the  Sound  by  Capt.  K.  \V. 
Haughman,  where  she  was  used  principally  as  a  towboat,  although  she  made  a 
few  trips  to  Victoria  with  passengers  in  1869,  in  command  of  Capt.  Frank  HofTman.  In  1872  the  Cr/i/o  came 
into  the  possession  of  J.  K.  Williamson  and  was  employed  by  the  mills  at  Freeport  (West  .Seattle).  For  a  short 
time  she  was  in  a  combination  which  included  the  J/ary  Woodruff  and  Rtia  White.  While  on  the  inland  sea 
the  steamer  frequently  changed  captains,  and  many  a  Paget  .Sound  steamboatman  received  his  first  lessons  on  tlie 
insignificant  Celilo.  Capt.  J.  H.  Woolery,  who  was  towing  with  her  in  1879,  was  among  the  last  in  charge.  \.\. 
that  time  she  bel()n;;ed  to  '  .  ',.  Mar.shall,  who  kept  her  in  the  .service  of  the  mills  until  she  finally  .sank  at  the 
dock  at  Freeport,  and  being  too  old  to  repair  was  al)andoned. 

When  the  competition  on  the  Columbi.i  subsided,  there  was  ;»  strong  demand  for  lower  freight  rates,  and  a 
company  formed  this  year  operated  a  line  of  schooners  between  The  Dalles  and  points  below.  Joseph  Laloiirelle 
was  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  enterpri.se  and  commanded  one  of  the  schooners  on  the  lower  river.  The 
company  enjoyed  a  fairly  good  business  until  1.S67,  when  their  only  ves.sel  on  the  middle  river  was  swept  over  the 
rapids  and  became  a  total  lo.ss.  The  craft  below  the  Ca.scades  Ijore  the  significant  name  Wasp,  and  in  1867  was 
sold  to  a  company  in  which  a  number  of  employees  in  the  Willamette  Iron  Works  were  interested.  Among  her 
owners  were  Capt.  W.  J.  Buchanan,  James  and  John  Fo.x,  John  Nation,  then  superintendent  of  the  iron  works, 
Louis  Lewis,  foreman  of  the  molding  room,  and  William  Hell,  machinist.  Her  new  proprietors  fitted  her  up 
with  a  pair  of  eight  by  six  inch  engines  and  a  small  propeller,  and  u.sed  her  for  hunting  and  pleasure  excursions: 
but,  as  steamboats  were  scarce  at  tha'  time,  Buchanan  and  Bell  bought  the  interests  held  by  the  others  in  1869, 


Al.ON/.O    VICKKKS 


'■'Capt.  I'red  Wilson  w.is  i)orii  in  Sweden  in  1H42,  and,  after  .sailing  for  several  years  in  various  capacities  on  ditVerent  vessels, 
lauded  in  San  I'r.'.noisco  from  the  ship  Henry  lirigliloii  in  1.S61.  .\s  the  Hrighloii  was  owned  in  the  Confederate  port  of  .Savaniiiili, 
Ga..  she  w.is  confiscated  and  sold,  and  Wilson  iii.Kle  a  trip  to  Hongkong  on  a  Swedish  hrig.  On  his  retnrn  lie  went  to  I'ortlaiid  ami 
at  once  found  work  with  the  steamer  //as.ui/o  on  the  midille  river,  leaving  her  in  a  short  time  to  go  on  the  steamers  of  the  rival  line 
operated  bv  Van  Bergen.  Tlie  opposition  soon  enileil,  and  Wilson  began  sailing  barges  on  the  Columbia.  His  first  notable  feat  was 
in  bringing  the  ('tiviisr  down  from  the  upper  river.  Her  cabins  had  been  removed,  and  he  piloted  her  through  the  seething  water 
uninjured.  In  1.S63  he  was  a])pointed  captain  of  the  steamer  Palles.  retaining  this  position  until  iS6,s,  when  he  took  cominaml  ni 
the  steamer  /»/v,  which  lie  ran  between  The  Dalles  and  the  Cascades  for  three  years.  In  1S69  lie  visited  his  native  counliy,  aii.l  after 
his  retnrn  in  iS-o  served  as  mate  on  the  ()ueoiitii  for  a  short  time  and  then  purchased  the  sailing  barge  /('////  F'/viiits  and  engai;eil  in 
the  wood  business.  Shortly  afterward  he  bought  the  steamer  IVosp  and  with  his  brothers  carried  on  (|uite  an  extensive  hnitint;, 
lumbering  ;ind  wood  trade.  Retiring  from  this  imrsiiit.  he  coinnianded  the  A^esette  for  a  season  on  the  Cowlitz  route  and  from  there 
went  to  the  Teinei  on  the  middle  river.  .\  twelvemonth  later  he  became  captain  of  the  Maria  ll'ill;iiis,  but  left  her  in  1S77  Hi  take 
the  .Uoiin/iiiii  (Jiieeii,  which  he  handled  for  five  years.  In  1S82  he  sailed  the  barges  .If/as  and  Hercules  over  the  Cascades,  briii.ijin); 
them  throngli  safely,  an  e.\tremely  difiicult  feat  to  perform  He  snl)sei|ueiitly  ran  the  steamer  .Xorllrwesl  on  Snake  River  f  r  two 
years,  after  which  lie  lived  011  a  farm  until  18S9,  when  he  again  visited  Sweden.  Returning  in  iSgo,  he  took  charge  "f  tlie 
steamer  J\'et;ii!aliir  for  a  short  time,  and  in  iSqi  made  another  visit  to  IJurope,  but  since  his  home-coming  has  had  no  ili-ireto 
resume  sleaniboaling. 

"Iv,  Vickers.  who  was  on  the  Cayiiw  with  Capt.  Leonard  White,  was  born  in  Ohio  in  I.S44,  and,  with  his  jiarents,  w  lit  to 
Clackamas  County,  ')r.,  in  1852.  His  brother.  Alon/o  VMckers,  the  well  known  engineer,  also  accompanied  the  faniilv.  From  the 
Caviise.  \'ickers  went  to  the  ll'e/'/'oit/.  where  he  served  for  a  short  time  and  subsei|ueutly  abandoned  steamboating  for  eighteen  ve.irs. 
He  returned  to  the  river  in  1S76,  first  working  on  the  Oeeiiieiil,  and  afterward  on  the  various  other  Oregon  Riulway  &•  N'avi;Mtion 
Company's  steamers.  In  iS.Scihe  waschief  engineer  on  the  .-/. ./.  .1/cCh//|' with  Captain  .Sanborn,  and  after  a  time  reentered  the  ~rrvice 
of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navig.ation  Company,  with  which  he  remaineil  until  aliout  five  years  ago,  when  he  secured  a  positi  'ii  on 
the  railroatl  ferry  at  Kalaina.  Itis  brotlier,  .\loti/o  Vickers.  who  had  been  at  tile  lever  since  the  latter  part  of  the  fifties,  went  to  tlie 
Sound  with  the  steamer  Weteoiiie  some  years  ago  and  remained  there  until  his  death  ill  1*193. 


ii 


■if 

I 

'\ 

■p 


s 


7/)e  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  Best  Days,  Many  New  Steamers  in  Puget  Sound  Waters      117 

ami  pill  lier  011  tlie  Vancouver  route  to  carry  freight  and  passengers.  Captain  Huclianan  was  master,  and  Bell. 
engim^ir.  with  W.  vS.  Hucharan,  afterward  a  well  known  captain,  as  high  deckhand  or  mate.  In  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  she  was  sold  to  (ieorge  Bowman,  who  ran  her  about  six  months  and  then  disposed  of  her  to  Wilson 
IJrotlKis.  who  used  her  in  towing  lumber  scows  for  the  Clatskanine  Lumber  Company,  and  in  this  .service  .she 
ended  her  days.  Capt.  W.  G.  Goodman,  now  master  of  the  Robirl  Lenfrs,  sailing  out  of  San  l''rancisco,  was  the 
last  master  of  the  craft.  The  Wasp  was  not  much  of  a  steamer,  but  Capt.  W.  S.  Buchanan,  Capt.  James  Troup, 
and  i|iiite  a  number  of  other  successful  steamboatmen,  received  their  early  marine  education  while  she  was  in 
coiiiinission.  The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  made  many  improvements  in  1863  at  the  Cascades  and 
The  Dalles,  and  strove  in  every  way  po.ssible  to  retain  their  prestige.  Frank  T.  Dodge,''  who  had  been  in  their 
empliiv  as  purser  on  the  upper  river  steamers,  was  appointed  agent  at  The  Dalles  in  place  of  Capt.  I,.  \V.  Coe, 
who  sold  his  interest  in  the  company  and  retired.  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  stock  was  considered  a 
good  investment,  and  among  the  purchasers  was  the  well  known  firm  of  Allen  &  Lewis  of  Portland,  who  took 
$2o.o(jci  worth  at  par. 

On  the  upper  Willamette  the  luilrrprise,  the  .second  steamer  of  that  name,  was  built  at  Canemah  by  Capt. 
George  I'ea.se,  C.  W.  Pope,"'  Nat  H.  Lane,  Sr.,''  C.  Friendly.  Judge  Stratton,  C.  Crawford,  James  Wilson,  C.  W. 
Rea  and  S.  Ellsworth.     Captain  Pease  was  in  command  of  the  steamer,  and  she  was  launched  in  November  ;  but, 
after  miming  independently  for  a  short  time,  a  combination  was  made  with  the  People's  Traiisportation^Compaiiy. 
The  Enterprise  continued  on  the  route  for  which  she  was  designed,  and  Captain  Pease  retained  his  position  for 
over  two  years.     In  1867  he  took  charge  of  the  steamer  a  second  time  and   ran  her  through   to  Kugeiie   for  the 
People's  Transportation   Company,  who  had  purcha.sed  her  in  1866 
from  the  original  owners.     The  dimensions  of  the  /inli  >p> isc  vmrc  as 
follows:   length,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet;  beam,  twenty-four 
feet;  depth  of  hold,  four  feet  ;  engines,  fourteen  by  forty-eight  inches. 
She  was  a  very  profitable  boat,  and  the  first  year  after  her  completion 
yielded   a   profit   of  thirty-three   and    one-third  per  cent,  the  second 
.season  of  sixty-six  and  two-thirds  per  cent  and  fifty  dollars  a  .share  in 
addition.     At  the  time  she  was  accpiired  by  the  People's  Transporta- 
tion  Company,    her    proprietors    received    $280   worth    of    People's 
Transportation    Company   stock    for   every  S'oo  worth   of  F.iittrprisc 
stock  in  their  possession. 

A  sidewheel  steamer  destined  for  a  long  career  in  the  Northwest 
was  launched  at  Westport  in  i,S63  for  the  Astoria  route,  and  christened 
in  honor  of  Portland's  pioneer  mariner  and  first  inspector  of  hulls, 
John  H.  Couch.  She  was  built  by  Capt.  Charles  Holmaii,  I).  Hunt- 
ington and  Capt.  Oliff  Olseu,  Holnian  owning  one-half  of  the  steamer 
and  the  others  a  third  and  a  sixth  respectively.  She  was  one 
hundred  and  twenty-two  feet  long  by  twenty-one  feet  lieam,  and  was 
run  by  odd-sized  engines  fourteen  and  three-eighths  inches  in  diameter 
and  fifty-four  inches  stroke.  Holnian  and  his  associates  were  alone  in 
their  glory  for  a  short  time  after  the  Couch  was  constructed,  but  the 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  had  been  keeping  an  eye  on  this 
trade  for  a  long  time,  and  in  January,  i^i^s.  Captain  Ainsworth 
purchased  the  Couch,  together  with  the  steamers  Cou'/il.::  and  Ilcl/r,  owned  1)y  the  same  parties.  The  Couih 
was  continued  on  the  Astoria  route  in  comniand  of  Capt.  J.  O.  \'aii  liergeii.  with  Richard  Hoyt,  Jr..  purser,  and 
in  the  summer  secured  some  .seaside  excursion  business.     \'au  Bergen  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  Henry    A.  Snow, 

'■'I'rauk  T.  I)oil(;e,  well  known  on  llie  Cohiinliia  ami  I'ligel  .Sound,  ooninieiiccd  steaiiilioMting  in  llie  spriiij;  of  iSb2  with  llie 
Orcxoii  Sleaiii  Navigation  Company,  as  freight  clerk  at  tlic  Dcs  Chiite.s  Landing,  at  tlic  iip]>ertnd  of  llie  Dalle.s  wngoiiioad  )  ortagu. 
Siiljsci|iieiitly  he  occupied  a  posilicui  as  purser  on  the  .steatncrs  I'oloiiii  lt'iii;hl,  (>l;aiiogiiii  and  7'iiiiiiii,  on  the  upper  Coluiuliia  and 
Snake  Rivers.  After  serving  in  dilTerent  capacities  on  the  various  routes,  he  bccinie  agent  ol"  the  coiui)any  at  The  Dalles  in  tlie 
Muuiiur  of  1.S6;,.  wliicli  appoiutiueut  lie  retained  until  the  fall  of  i.Sby,  when  he  was  transferred  to  I'uget  Sound  to  lake  charge  ofihe 
sleaiiuT  H'ihon  C  fiitul,  running  between  Olyuipia  and  \'ictoria,  where  he  reuiaiueil  iiulil  the  company  sold  out  their  interests  on 
Uie  Soiuid  ill  i,S7o.  Returning  to  Oregon,  he  entered  the  service  of  lien  Holladay,  lint  after  the  locks  at  Oregon  City  were  completed 
lie  w. IS  appointed  superintendent  of  steamboat  lines  on  the  Columbia  aiui  Willamette  rivers  by  the  Willamette  River  Transporlalioii 
Company,  which  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  i,S7_i,  retaining  that  ]iositiou.  In  1S75,  when  the  liusiness  became  the  projierty  of 
the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company,  anil,  when  that  corporation  sold  out  in  1S79  lo  the  Oregon  Railway  iSl  Navigaiioii 
Company,  lie  became  assistant  superintendent  of  the  River  and  Sound  Division,  and  was  ])roniote<l  when  his  chief.  Capt.  (ieorge  J. 
.\inswi.nli,  resigne<l  in  iSSj.  He  was  superintendent  until  1.S.S5.  at  which  time  the  management  of  tile  water  lines  was  undertaken 
t»y  the  Kailroad  Division,  and  Dodge  soon  alter  accepted  employment  with  the  Water  Committee  of  the  city  of  J'ortland,  where  he 
is  al  p:^•^ent  engaged. 

'  Capl.  Charles  W.  I'o|)e  was  horn  in  New  York  in  1S31,  and  came  round  the  Horn  in  1.S51  in  the  bark  ('oloiiia  with  his 
father  and  brother,  Capt.  W.  II.  I'ope.  Soon  .'ter  his  arrival  in  Oregon  lie  engaged  in  sleamboaling.  and  all  of  his  subse(|neiit 
entcrpri~is  were  confined  to  the  Willamette,     l.i  1S71  he  met  with  an  uiitii'iely  end  by  drowning  in  the  Clackamas  River. 

'  Cajit.  Nat  II.  Lane,  Sr.,  was  quite  a  iirominent  figure  in  early  marine  alTairs  in  the  Northwest.  He  was  born  in  Indiana  in 
iS2j,  ai'.il  receiveil  his  early  lessons  in  steam  navigation  on  the  ( )hio  and  Mississippi  rivers,  running  as  pilot  between  St.  I.oiiis  and 
.New  lirlcaiis  for  .several  years  before  emigrating  to  Oregon.  In  addition  10  his  numerous  ventures  on  the  Willametle  River,  he  was 
on  the  I  nip(|ua  and  at  Coos  Bay  for  some  lime,  w here  he  built  anil  ran  the  steamer  Afcssiiiger.  He  died  in  Portland,  July  22,  1.S7S, 
leaving  .1  son.  Cajit.  Nat  I.ane.  Jr.,  who  has  also  achie\*ed  distinction  in  Northwestern  steamboat  circles. 


C.Al'T.    N.\T    H.    I..\NK, 


"     ]■!■ 


!i 


R' 


m 


I  '■ 


ii8 


Lewis  (J  Drychn's  Marine  History  of  tliv  Pacific  Nortiiwest 


who  retained  control  until  1870,  at  which  time  the  steamer  had  outlived  her  usefulness  as  a  ])assenger  boat. 

was  sent  to  the  boneyard  and  broken  up  in  January,  iSy^v  her  engines  going  to  the  upper  river. 

Two  historic  steamers,  the./.  li.  IJbby  and  the  Mary  Woodruff, 
went  into  service  on  Puget  Sound  in  1863.  The  former,  a  side- 
wheeler  with  high-pressure  engines,  which  was  launched  at  Utsalady 
in  December,  1862,  was  the  l)est  known  of  any  of  the  local  steam- 
boats, retaining  her  prestige  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century.  She 
was  built  by  William  Hammond  for  Capt.  S.  I).  Libby,'"  Charles 
H.  Gorton  and  I<ewis  Wycoff,  I.ibby  owning  a  half  and  the  otliers 
a  fourth  each.  The  latter  two  disposed  of  their  interests  soon 
after  her  completion.  The  Libby  ran  in  her  original  .shape  until 
1865,  when  .she  was  taken  to  Port  Ludlow  and  lengthened,  after 
^  which   .she  went   for  a  while  on   the   Whatcom   route,  occasionally 

straying  wherever  business  offered.  In  1870  she  was  purchased  by 
Capt.  John  SufFern,  O.  O.  Denny  and  John  Blythe.  The  new  owners 
substituted  a  beam  engine  and  repaired  her  thoroughly.  They 
operated  her  on  the  old  route  to  Whatcom.  Among  her  captain.s 
were  James  Smith,  George  Fry,  John  Blythe,  Samuel  Jackson," 
Thomas  Brennan,-"  and  John  Suffern.  James  Griffith.s''  was  one  of 
the  first  in  charge  of  her  engines,  and  in  after  years  nearly  all  of  the 
best  known  engineers  on  the  Sound  .served  on  her.  When  Snnuiel 
Coulter  secured  the  mail  contract  to  Bellingham  Bay,  he  bought  the 
steamer  from  Suffern  and  his  as.sociates,  and  in  charge  of  Capt. 
Thomas  Brennan  the  Libby  made  two  trips  per  week,  carrying  the 
cai't.  samiki.  jACKSd.N  Hiall    betwecu    Seattle,   Whidby  Island,   Utsalady,   La    Conner  and 

'"Capt.  S.  U.  Libby,  one  of  the  most  popular  navigators  who  ever  ran  on  Pnget  Sound,  was  a  native  of  Maine,  but  lefl  llie 
Atlantic  Coast  witli  the  tide  of  gold-.seekers  which  flowed  westward  in  1^49.  Wlien  a  boy  on  the  Eastern  Coast  he  made  n  luiiiiber 
of  coasting  voyages,  and  the  old  love  returned  when  the  mining  excitement  subsided,  and  he  again  sought  the  water.  During  a  visit 
to  Puget  Sound  in  1859  he  became  impressed  with  the  advantages  of  the  new  country,  and  built  the  first  pile-driver  ever  used  iu  thai 
section.  He  soon  afterward  embarked  in  steam1>oatiiig,  his  first  vessel  having  l)een  the  little  steamer  Oashaway,  which  he  operated 
in  the  White  River  trade.  He  snbse<|uently  constructed  the  steamer  /.  B.  Libby,  a  craft  familiar  to  all  Northwestern  mariners,  and 
ran  her  until  1872,  when  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Starrs,  but  resigned  after  a  year's  work  to  take  coinmand  of  the  tug  (ioliah. 
He  remained  on  the  Goliah  almost  continuously  from  1873  until  about  a  year  before  his  death,  when  he  took  charge  of  tlie  Tucoma. 
He  died  iu  Seattle,  March  17,  1S.S9,  after  a  brief  illness,  leaving  a  widow,  who  still  resides  in  Seattle,  and  a  son,  Capt.  John  B.  I.ibliv, 
a  resident  of  Port  Townsend. 

'''Capt.  Samuel  Jackson  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  November  17,  1S32,  and  began  his  .seafaring  career  on  a  fishing 
schooner  at  the  age  of  ten.  At  seventeen  he  entered  the  deep-water  trade,  and  011  one  of  his  early  voyages  to  the  Pacific  Coast  the 
vessel  foundered  near  the  equator,  but  all  hands  escaped  in  the  lifeboats  and  reached  land  four  ilays  later.  Young  Jackson  worked 
his  way  back  to  Philadelphia  via  Valparaiso,  and  next  sailed  out  of  Boston  on  a  line  of  packet  ships  to  Liverpool,  continuing  in  tins 
service  for  five  years.  He  then  shipped  as  boatswain  on  the  Xiagiiiii,  and  during  a  trip  fnun  New  York  Ici  Liverpool  was  wrecked 
in  the  Irish  Channel,  but  only  two  of  the  crew  were  lost,  p'roni  the  Atlantic, 
Captain  Jackson  went  to  the  Lakes  and  spent  the  summer  of  1856,  returning 
to  New  York  iu  the  fall  and  going  as  second  mate  of  the  ship  li'eh/ool,  which 
arrived  in  San  Francisco  in  May,  1857.  After  a  few  months  in  the  mines  he 
sailed  for  Hongkong.  He  reached  Puget  Sound  in  1858  on  the  ship  IVhilf 
Swa//o:i.:  The  next  three  years  he  passed  in  the  iliggin.^s  of  California, 
Nevada  anil  Mexico,  and  in'iS6i  returned  to  the  Sound,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Ranger  .\o.  -»,  and  after  a  short 
time  became  pilot  on  the./,  li.  I.ihby,  an<l  from  this  vessel  went  to  the  steamer 
Idaho,  which  he  commanded  for  several  months.  He  was  ill  charge  of  the 
i'aniiia  until  .she  went  to  the  Columbia,  and  subsequently  hamlled  the  tugs 
Colninbia  and  Blateln:  The  Fanny  Lake  and  Oiler  were  his  next  steamers, 
and  later  he  operated  the  new  7'aiviiia  in  towing.  He  was  employeil  by  the 
Washington  Steamboat  Company  for  a  long  time,  ami  was  one  of  the  last 
masters  of  the  steamer  Washinglon.  He  retired  from  active  service  a  few 
years  ago  and  is  now  living  iu  Seattle. 

'"Capt.  Thomas  Brennan  was  born  in  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1839, 
went  to  sea  when  a  small  boy,  ami,  after  sailing  iu  various  capacities,  arrived 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1859.  He  serveil  on  steamers  on  the  Sacramento  River 
and  San  Praiicisco  Bay  for  a  short  time  ami  made  a  iinmber  of  voyages  to  tlie 
.Sound  and  British  Columbia  in  sailing  vessels,  leaving  the  Northwest  for  a  trip 
to  China  in  1863.  On  his  return  he  spent  a  short  time  in  the  Coast  trade,  and 
in  1866  took  command  of  the  steamer/.  B.  Libby,  and  from  her  went  to  the 
sidewheel  steamer  Isabel,  He  was  master  of  various  steamers  on  the  Souml 
iluriiig  twenty-five  years,  and  was  always  considered  a  careful  navigator. 
Many  a  young  steamboatman  in  that  locality  to-day  is  indebted  to  "Tom" 
Brennan  for  valuable  lessons  in  his  calling.  Captain  Brennan  retired  from  the 
water  several  years  ago  and  died  in  Seattle  in  February,  1895. 

•'James  Grifiiths  was  born  in  pisgutrd,  Wales,  in  1840,  and  learned  the 
engineer's  and  niachinist's  trade  at  one  of  the  best  shops  in  England.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  the  early  sixties,  going  to  Puget  Sound  on  the 
steamship  Brother  Jonathan  in  1863.     He  commenced  work  on  the  J.  B.  Libby 

soon  after  his  arrival,  was  next  on  the  Colum'^ia,  and  was  employeil  on  the  jamks  griii-iths 

new  steamer  .llida  for  several  months  after  her  advent.     Other  steamers  on 

which  the  Captain  had  seen  service  were  the  Eliza  Anderson,  the  North  Paeific,  Goliah  and  tXellie.  At  dilTerent  tiuii  ■■  he 
was  interested  in  small  steamers,  and  was  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  early  engineers  in  the  Northwest.  He  '  d  at  Seattle  in 
December,  1S87,  aged  forty-seven  years. 


VVliatco 
fnrnislii 
cumiiiaii 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  Best  Days,  Many  New  Steamers  in  Paget  Sound  Waters       119 


Cait.  John  Cosijkovk 


VVlialfiiiii.  On  the  expiration  of  the  contract  the  boat  was  mustered  out  of  service  temporarily,  and  her 
fiiriii-'liinKS  were  transferred  to  the  steamer  C/it/in/i's  in  May,  but  a  short  time  afterward  she  started  out  again  in 
coiniiumd  of  Capt.  Mark  Norton.     In  May,  1880,  an  interest  in  the  boat  wps  secured  by  Capt.  Charles  Low, 

who  ran  her  for  a  short  time,  being  succeeded  by  W.  F.  Monroe  in  1882,  and 
he  by  (ieorge  VV.  Fry  in  18S3.  About  1885  she  fell  into  the  hands  of  Capt.  J. 
M.  Brittain,  who  spent  $17,000  in  remodeling  her  into  a  propeller.  On 
completion  she  went  on  the  Neah  Bay  mail  route  under  Capt.  W.  F.  Monroe, 
remaining  in  this  service  a  short  time.  Capt.  James  Morgan  of  Port  Townsend 
was  her  next  owner,  who  in  turn  di.sposed  of  her  to  Capt.  H.  F.  Beecher  in 
April,  1889,  for  $12,000.  Beecher  operated  her  in  the  Roche  Harbor  lime  trade, 
and  she  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  Frank  White  until  Novemljer,  1889,  when  she 
was  destroyed  by  fire  while  on  a  trip  to  Port  Townsend  (see  wreck  of  /.  B. 
I.ibhy,  1889).  The  hull  was  towed  to  her  destination  but  was  beyond  redemp- 
tion, and  the  career  of  the  old  steamer  closed.  As  originally  constructed  the 
/.  //.  Libby  was  eighty  feet  long,  sixteen  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  eleven  inches 
hold,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  Capt.  John  B.  Libby,  '  now  .superintendent  of 
the  Puget  Sound  Tugboat  Company. 

The  Maty  Woodruff,  built  at  Port  Madison  by  John  Swan,  a  logger,  and 
Jay  E.  Smith  of  Steil.icoom,  was  sixty-three  feet  long,  fourteen  feet  lieam,  six 
feet  hold,  with  machinery  taken  from  the  old  Raiiyrr,  then  on  the  beach,  which  Sw^'n  had  purchased  from  the 
owners  of  the  abandoned  vessel.  When  completed  she  was  put  on  the  Whatcom  route,  where  she  was  the 
pioneer  steamer  in  the  postal  service,  and  the  first  which  had  ventured  there  since  the  bursting  of  the  mining 
boom  of  1858,  after  which  event  the  steamships  and  small  steamers  which  had  been  so  plentiful  gradually 
dropped  off  until  none  were  left ;  and  a  .short  time  prior  to  1860  there  was  no  communication  whatever  between 
Whatcom  and  the  outside  world.     "Humboldt  Jack"  Co.sgrove  .secured  the  mail 

contract  about  this  time,  and  ran  the  sloop  A/aria  for  two  years ;  but,  as  she  was  f 

a  poor  sul)stitute  for  the  transportation  facilities  which  they  had  once  enjoyed,  the 
people  rejoiced  when  the  (Fotx/;//^ appeared.  She  ran  from  Seattle  in  connnand  of 
her  owner,  Captain  Swan,  who  was  not  thoroughly  conversant  with  steamboating 
in  all  its  branches,  and  did  not  make  a  success  with  the  ll'ooJ/iiff.  After  a  short 
time  he  dispo.sed  of  the  steamer  to  Meiggs,  the  mill  man.  Meiggs  had  no 
particular  use  for  the  craft,  .so  he  in  turn  .sold  her  to  Capt.  John  Co.sgrove,''  better 
known  as  '  Humboldt  Jack."  The  JIAiry  Woodruff  and  her  new  proprietor  then 
liegan  a  career  that  made  their  names  household  words  all  over  the  Sound,  for 
the  steamer  was  the  first  'all  around"  boat  that  had  yet  appeared.  She  carried 
mail,  freight  and  pa.ssengers  on  various  routes,  towed  logs  and  lumber  vessels, 
and  jol)l)ed  in  these  waters  for  years.  Co.sgrove  finally  gave  her  up  after  other 
steamers  entered  the  contest  for  the  business  of  which  he  had  enjoyed  a 
monu|)oly.     In    1870   Capt.   Henry  Smith  was   operating   her,  and  in    1S72    she 

became   the  property  of    Captain    Williamson,   who    ran    her    for   a   long   time,  James  stani.i-.\ 

fnially  abandoning  her  on  the  beach  at  Freeport.  Her  machinery  and  furniture  were  removed,  and  in  June, 
iSSi,  the  hull  was  destroyed  by  fire.  She  was  a  sidewheeler,  with  cog  gearing  from  a  single  engine.  Among 
her  first  engineers  was  James  Stanley,  who  is  at  present  chief  on  the  steamer  Multnomah. 

'•'Capt.  Jolin  I!.  I<ibby  was  bom  in  Virginiii  in  1.S52.  IIi.s  parents  removeil  to  San  I'rancisco  four  years  later,  ami  in  1854  lie 
arrived  on  Pu^et  Sound.  Ilis  marine  career  began  on  the  pioneer  steamer  which,  for  over  a  (jnarter  of  a  century,  made  the  name  of 
J.  li.  I.ililiy  famous  in  the  Northwest.  He  remained  ou  the  I.ibhy,  then  owned  and  operated  by  his  foster  father,  the  late  Capt.  .S,  I) 
I,il>l)y,  until  1870,  when  he  went  on  the  steamer  Phantom,  ruunin);  between  I'ort  Ulakely,  Seattle  and  I'ort  Madison.  After  rnnniuK 
the  I'hautoin  for  a  year  lie  was  transferred  to  the  Ruby  on  the  same  route,  and  ten  months  later  resigneil  and  entered  the  employ  of 
llie  Starrs,  remaining  with  them  as  mate  and  pilot  until  1.S73,  when  he  became  mate  on  the  tug  doliah,  then  comnianded  by  Cafit. 
S.  U.  I.ibliy.  In  the  winter  of  1X74  he  left  the  Goliah  to  lake  charge  of  the  steamer  I'olilko/sky  for  the  Port  Madison  llill 
Company.  lie  remained  there  until  March,  1S77,  when  he  went  to  San  I'rancisco,  fitted  up  the  old  tug  Donald  and  brought  her 
up  for  the  I'reeport  Mill  Company.  Leaving  the  Donald  in  1.S7S  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Port  Ulakely  Mill  Company,  running 
the  steamer  Ulakely  until  January,  18,84,  when  he  went  to  San  Francisco  in  the  interest  of  his  employers.  He  next  engaged  in  the 
stevedoring  business  with  the  late  R.  M.  I)e  Lion,  abandoning  that  in  i,S,S6  to  take  a  position  as  assistant  superintenilent  for  the 
Taconia  Mill  Company.  While  in  this  employ  the  Puget  Sound  Tugboat  Company  was  organized,  and  Captain  I.ibby,  being 
Ihoroiiglily  conversant  with  every  detail  of  the  business,  was  appointed  superintendent,  a  position  which  he  still  holds,  witli 
lieadcjuarters  at  Port  Townsend. 

■'Capt.  John  Cosgrove,  known  for  many  years  to  nearly  every  resident  on  Puget  Souud  as  "  Humboldt  Jack,"  was  one  of 
those  genial,  good  natnred  men  who  never  hail  an  enemy.  He  journeyed  to  Puget  Souinl  in  the  fifties,  and  lived  upon  a  laud 
daiiii  near  Port  Madison  a  short  time,  finally  selling  it  to  (>.  \.  Meiggs  and  receiving  the  steamer  Mary  Woodruff  as  part  payment. 
This  venture  proved  profitable,  and  after  disposing  of  the  boat  he  lived  ashore  at  Tacoma,  subse<|uently  taking  charge  of  the  steamer 
Blakily,  which  he  ran  for  about  four  years.  He  met  with  a  sudden  death  at  the  Woodward  House,  Port  Blakely,  February  ,S,  1S78. 
He  was  standing  on  a  chair,  attempting  to  hang  a  hunch  of  banan^is  on  a  nail,  when  he  lost  his  balance  and  fell,  striking  his  left 
leuipli  (in  the  corner  of  a  box.  He  never  recovered  full  consciousness  and  died  in  about  two  hours.  A  few  moments  before  his 
ileatli  his  wandering  mind  revived  a  little  and  seemed  to  take  him  back  to  his  steamboating  days,  to  which  he  alluded  in  disconnected 
sememes.  His  last  words  were:  "Hurry  and  get  up  steam;  I'm  going."  His  body  was  taken  to  Seattle  for  burial,  and  such 
a  larj^e  nniiiher  of  friends  assembled  that  it  was  necessary  to  hold  the  funeral  services  in  Yesler  Hall.  Nearly  two-thirds  of  the 
popiihiiion  of  the  city  attended,  and  many  came  from  different  ])artsof  the  Sound  on  the  steamers  Mastick  and  Goliah  to  pay  their 
respects  to  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in  the  early  marine  history  of  that  vicinity. 


\M 


•t: 


1^ 
Bin 


i?lt 


I20 


Lewis  «J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


In  the  Victoria  district  half  a  dozen  new  steamers  were  t)uilt,  among  them  tlie  Prince  of  Wales,  a  good-sized 
craft,  intended  for  Lilloet  Lake.  The  Prince  was  a  sternwhueler,  one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet  long  and  twenty 
feet  beam,  with  engines  fourteen  by  fifty-four  inches.  Capt.  Hugh  Stalker''  of  Moodyville  was  with  her  during 
the  first  three  years.  On  Seaton  Lake,  two  steamers,  the  Prince  Alfred,  a  sidewheeler,  and  the  Section,  were 
launched,  and  for  the  upper  Fraser  a  second  Enlerprise,  a  steriiwheeler,  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  long  and  twenty 
feet  beam,  with  engines  twelve  by  thirty-six  inches.  A  small  propeller,  the/.  11".  Moore,  was  completed  by 
William  Moore,  and  another  sternwheeler,  the  Lilloel,  was  constructed  by  the  Douglas  &  Liltoet  Steam 
Navigation  Company.  Dimensions :  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  equipped  with 
two  boilers  sixteen  feet  in  length  by  forty-six  inches  diameter,  and  engines  seventeen  by  sixty  inches.  Hei 
initial  service  was  from  New  Westminster  to  Yale,  in  which  she  continued  for  several  years,  first  in  connnand  of 

Captain   Fleming  and   afterward  in  charge  of  Insley  and  other  well 
>'■'.  known  Fraser  River  masters.     She  took   part   in   nearly  all  of  the 

combinations  made  on  the  Fraser  and  was  in  active  use  for  ten 
years.  She  was  laid  up  at  N'ictoria  in  1S74,  but  after  receiving  a  new 
shaft  and  other  betterments  was  held  as  a  reserve  boat,  and  as  such 
made  occasional  trips  for  some  time.  The  British  Columbia  Steam 
Navigation  Company,  formed  the  preceding  year,  made  a  combination 
with  Moore,  bought  off  Captain  Millard's  steamer  Hope  and  tied  her 
up.  Captain  Irving  was  not  in  the  deal  and  with  the  Reliance  made 
matters  very  interesting  on  the  river.  The  Cariboo  mining  excite- 
ment was  well  under  way  at  this  time,  and  several  hundred  men 
left  Victoria  daily,  making  a  fine  business  for  the  Enlerprise,  which 
was  running  between  Victoria  and  Westminster.  The  former  port 
received  a  visit  from  two  tramp  steamers,  the  Robert  Loue  from 
London  with  one  hundred  and  eighty  passengers,  among  them  J. 
Griffiths,'  the  well  known  X'ictoria  wharfin>,'er,  and  the  Fiisi  Varna 
from  New  Zealand.  H.  B.  M.  ships  Siilleg  and  Chameleon  were  also 
at  Esquimau  during  the  year.  F^oreign  arrivals  were  the  ships  fnlia. 
Captain  Freeman,  Siralhallan,  Captain  Paddler,  Esk  from  Hongkong, 
Somass  from  Amoy,  and  Vancouver  from  Cardiff,  and  the  barks 
Philippine  and  Hclvelia  from  London,  Heversham  from  Hongkong, 
and  Dusly  Miller  from  Liverpool.  The  ship  Alice  Thorndyke,  Cap- 
tain Thorndyke,  brought  immigrants  from  New  Zealand,  and,  after 
loading  lumber  on  the  Sound,  cleared  from  Victoria  with  a  number  of  passengers.  The  schooners  Discovery, 
Capt.    George   Rudlin,'"'  Caroline,   Capt.   Jimmy  Jones,    Rose  Netvman,   Captain   Francis,   Blackhawk,  Captain 

"Capt.  Hugh  Stalker  of  Moodyville  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  i.Sjj,  and  when  a  l)oy  of  twelve  years  coninicnceil  bis 
apprenticeship  on  coasting  schooners  on  the  Atlantic.  He  subsequently  became  mate  of  the  schooner  Ida  Slay,  in  the  West  India 
trade,  and  in  1854  was  in  command.  He  left  her  to  take  charge  of  the  schooner  Curlew,  but  returned  to  the  Ida  May,  ran  her  for 
two  years,  and  then  proceeded  to  the  Pacific,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  in  1H62.  Like  nearly  all  seafaring  men,  the  mines  claimed 
his  attention  at  first,  l)ut  after  a  period  on  shore  he  joined  the  Prince  of  Wales,  plying  on  Lilloet  Lake.  He  remained  on  the 
steamer  three  years,  and  then  settled  at  Moodyville  and  operated  the  engine  in  the  mill  until  he  was  oflered  the  command  of  the 
steamer  Union,  which  he  handled  until  she  burned  on  the  I'raser  two  years  later.  After  this  casualty  he  served  on  the  ferry  boat 
Lilly  for  a  twelvemonth  and  subsequently  on  a  number  of  other  small  steamers,  until  he  took  charge  of  the  Leonora.  Two  years 
afterward  he  left  her  for  the  Senator,  of  which  he  has  since  been  master. 

"Jeremiah  Griffiths,  wharfinger,  was  born  in  Wales  in  1839,  and  with  the  exception  of  occasional  intervals  has  been  in  the 
marine  business  for  forty  years.  He  commenced  in  England  as  an  apprentice  on  the  brig  Mary  Grace  in  1855,  and  followed  the  sea 
until  he  reached  Victoria  in  1862  on  the  steamship  ^o&fV  Ao?*'.  Alter  his  arrival  he  occupied  the  position  of  wharfinger  for  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  nineteen  years.  He  fitted  out  the  schoonery('««i'y()««,  which  was  afterward  converted  into  a  steamer 
and  made  two  trips  to  the  mines.  In  1882  he  took  charge  of  the  Canadian  I'acilic  Navigation  Company's  wharf  and  has  remained 
with  them  ever  since. 

"Capt.  George  Rudlin  of  Victoria  was  born  in  Kssex,  Kngland,  in  1836,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  joined  a  fishing  smack  at 
Colchester,  England,  and  followed  this  vocation  three  years.  He  then  spent  a  short  time  on  Newcastle  colliers,  aful  snbseciuciuly 
shipped  on  the  steamship  Victoria  as  an  ordinary  seaman.  The  brig  London  for  Valparaiso  was  his  next  l)ertli,  and  after  reaching 
the  South  American  port  he  signed  on  the  ship  Red  Gauntlet  for  San  I'rancisco,  arriving  in  the  spring  of  1856,  He  imniediiilrly 
found  occupation  on  a  Sacramento  River  schooner,  where  he  remained  for  a  year,  and  then  went  to  I'uget  Sound  on  the  bari 
Etta  Francis,  which  loaded  coal  at  Whatcom.  He  was  next  on  the  bark  Sarali  Warren  with  Captain  Gove,  but  after  making  one 
trip  left  her  in  San  Francisco  and  went  to  Humboldt  Bay  on  the  brig  George  Emery.  When  the  gold  excitement  broke  out  mi 
Fraser  River  he  started  overland  for  the  mines,  but  on  the  way  encountered  Col.  joe  Hooker,  who  was  constructing  the 
military  wa^on  road  through  from  Oregon  to  California,  and  worlced  for  him  four  months,  afterward  going  to  Myrtle  Criuk, 
where  he  wintered.  In  the  spring  of  1859  he  went  to  the  mouth  of  the  Unip(|ua  and  took  passage  on  the  steamship  Columbia 
for  Esquimau,  B.  C.  He  found  employment  in  the  neighborhood  of  Victoria  until  the  spring  of  i860,  at  which  time  he  settled 
on  Discovery  Island.  While  there  he  bought  the  schooner  Circus,  and,  after  sailing  her  two  years  in  the  wood  trade  to  Victoria, 
built  the  schooner  Discovery  for  the  coal  and  lumber  traffic.  The  first  cargo  was  lumber  from  the  Port  Madison  mills  to  W.  1'. 
Sayward's  yard  in  Victoria,  where  a  portion  of  it  was  used  in  the  erection  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  After  five  years  in  this 
business  he  left  the  Discovery  and  sailed  the  Black  Diamond  for  three  years,  and  then  took  charge  of  the  steamer  Emma,  which  he 
used  to  tow  the  lilack  Diamond.  He  was  subsequently  master  of  the  Grappler,  ami  with  otiiers  formed  the  British  Columbia 
Towing  &  Transportation  Company  and  acquiretl  the  old  steamer  Beaver  from  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  Captain  Rn.ilin 
commanding  her  for  nearly  three  years.  He  was  on  the  Alexander  for  a  few  months,  and  later  entered  Spratt's  enii'l.)y, 
remaining  with  him  until  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  purchased  his  steamers.  While  with  Spratt  he  handled  ilie 
steamers  Wilson  G.  Hunt  and  Cariboo  Fly,  and  wheu  the  change  in  ownership  occurred  took  the  Enterprise,  and  afterward 
successively  the  Princess  Louise,  R.  P.  Rilhet,  Yosemile,  Western  Slope,  Islander  and  Cliaimer.  At  present  he  is  on  either  the 
Islander  oT  Charmer  on  the  Victoria- Vancouver  route,  which  would  hardly  seem  natural  without  Captain  Rudlin. 


Cai't.  Hcuh  Stalker 


The  Oregon  Stvam  Navigation  Company's  Best  Days,  Many  N"w  Steamers  in  Puget  Sound  Waters      12 1 


Hewitt.   Alarm,   Captain    Ettershonks,"   ami    a    numljer    of   others,    were    tradiiif;    and    freightinK    hetwee'i 

ViiK'iiiiver  Island  and  American  ports. 

One  of  the  finest  vessels  yet  built  in  the  North,  named  in  honor  of  the  well  known  steamshi|)  owner, 

George  S.  Wright,"  was  launched  at  I'ort  Ludlow  in  1863.     She  ran  in  the  Sound  and  coasting  trade  for  ten 

years,  and  finally  met  with  a  terrible  and  mysterious  end  in    1873 
*»'  (see  wreck  of  steamship   George  S.   Wrifiht).     The  United  States 

sloop-of-war  Sagimuf.  Connnander  W.  \l.  Hopkins,  Chief  Hngineer 
Seymour,  made  a  crui.se  in  Northern  waters,  and  was  at  Seattle 
for  a  few  weeks  in  1862.  The  bark  A'arraniissic,  Capt.  Charles 
Willoughby,  from  San  Francisco  for  Port  Townsend,  left  a  record 
for  long  passages  that  has  never  been  eijualed.  She  made  fair  time 
until  Cajje  Flattery  was  sighted,  fourteen  days  out.  There  adverse 
winds  were  encountered  and  the  vessel  was  driven  to  sea,  where  she 
weathered  a  succe.ssion  of  gales,  and  finally,  after  her  canvas  had 
been  torn  into  slireds,  barely  escaped  destruction  while  beating  in  to 
Barclay  Sound.  When  her  anchor  dropped  in  the  harbor  she  was 
surrounded  by  canoes  filled  with  ho.stile  Indians,  who,  howiver,  fled 
in  terror  when  they  learned  that  .several  women  and  children  on 
board  were  sick  with  smallpox.  One  of  the  passengers  died  of  the 
dread  di.sease,  and,  after  waiting  for  nearly  four  weeks  for  fair 
weather,  the  bark  put  to  sea  with  sails  made  of  gunny  sacks  and 
similar  material,  reaching  Port  Angeles  Bay  sixty-three  days  after 
leaving  San  Franci.sco.  While  in  her  disabled  condition  she  was 
spoken  by  a  schooner,  which  supplied  the  ship  with  a  few  provi-sions 
and  reported  her ;  but,  through  fear  of  a  pestilential  visitation,  the 
collector  at  Port  Angeles  refused  to  send  a  vessel  to  her  assistance. 
Brave  old  Captain  Selden,  of  the  revenue  cutter  stationed  at  that 
point,  finally  .set  out  in  defiance  of  orders,  and,  though  he  missed  her 

With  the  exception  of  the  increasing  numbers  of  the  lumber  fleet  there  were  but  few  additions  to  the  sailing 
vessels  on  the  Northern  coast.      Captain  Cha.se  was  running  the  barks  Ann  Perry  and  luatiowa  between  San 
Francisco  and  Olympia,  and  the  bark  Camden,  Captain  Mitchell,  was  in  the  Sound  trade  for  a  few  months.     The 
bark    (('.  A.    Banks,  built   in    Maine    in    1854   and    registering   four 
luimlred  and  sixty-nine  tons,  which  Captain  Coe  had  bought  for  the 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  arrived    from  the  Kast  in  1863 
in  command  of  Capt.  Warren  Bray  and  was  enrolled  at  the  Astoria 
custom-house.     The  bark  Cambridge,  built  in  Charleston,  Mass.,  in 
185S,  and  owned  by  her  captain,  N.  C.  Brooks,  also  registered   at 
Astoria.      He   afterward   sold    her   and    piloted   for   a   while   on    the 

■'  Capt.  William  Etler.slianks  was  bom  in  Abenlcfii,  Scotland,  in  1X42,  and 
liegan  liis  marine  career  in  Mngland,  where  he  passed  fonr  years  as  an  a|)i)rentice 
oil  the  bark  Qiifi'ii  Afargaril,  airier  wliich  he  was  third  mate  011  tlie  ship  l.auncts- 
toil  for  eijjiiteen  months.  lie  came  to  the  Coast  as  second  mate  on  the  shij) 
Julia,  bnt  in  I'ebrnary,  1863,  left  her  at  Victoria  anil  prospected  in  the  Cariboo 
coinilry  until  Tall.  lie  subseqnently  returned  to  Victoria  and  took  command  of 
the  Alarm,  in  the  trading;  and  freiKl'ting  business  between  there  ami  Naiiaimo, 
for  a  short  time.  He  then  shipped  as  a  .sailor  on  the  .schooner  Alhenii,  sailing 
uearly  a  year  and  a  half  between  Victoria,  .Mberni  and  Honolulu.  In  1S66  he 
became  master  of  the  scow  Industry,  served  for  a  season  or  two,  and  then  went 
to  work  for  Reiiton  &  Holmes  at  I'oit  Blakeley.  He  sijjned  aKaiii  as  a  sailor  on 
the  steamer  Isabel  in  the  following  year,  and  while  there  was  nearly  killed  by 
the  breaking  of  a  hawser.  After  a  short  time  he  accepteil  the  position  of  boat- 
kte|ier  for  tjie  British  Columbia  pilots,  and  later  was  mate  on  the  schooner  Alpha 
with  Capt.  Thomas  Drennan,  the  well  known  Puget  Hound  steamboatman.  The 
ves.sel  was  cast  away  on  the  north  coast  of  Vancouver  Island  within  a  month,  and 
Rtterslianks  walked  across  the  island  to  Nanaimo  in  midwinter,  .^fter  recovering 
from  the  hardships  incident  to  this  exposure  he  took  charge  of  the  steamer 
Emma,  and  two  years  afterward  became  captain  of  the  scow  Discovery.  He  Iive<l 
ashore  for  six  years,  and  in  June,  1877,  commenced  piloting  deep-water  vessels 
from  Victor!  1  to  Nanaimo  and  Burrard's  Inlet,  in  which  occupation  he  has  been 
very  successful. 

'* George  S.  Wright,  one  of  three  sons  whose  names  are  familiar  at  every 
seaport  between  Panama  and  Alaska,  was  born  in  New  Vork  City  in  1832,  came 

to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  the  early  fifties,  and  with  his  brothers  has  Iweii  interested  in  many  of  the  pioneer  steamers  on  Northwestern 
waters,  among  which  were  the  John  T.  Wrif;ht,  Goliah,  Enterprise,  Wilson  G.  Hunt,  Daniel  Webster,  Olympia  and  AVrc  World. 
He  served  as  purser  on  the  Hrother  Jonathan  and  I'acijic  while  the\'  were  owned  by  the  Wrights  and  also  occupied  the  same 
position  on  the  -S^ii  Bird.  He  joined  forces  with  Finch  in  1865,  built  the  Olympia,  and,  during  almost  the  entire  period  of  her 
prosperity,  was  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Eliza  Andtrson,  a  craft  which  is  said  to  have  run  slower  and  made  money  faster  than  any 
similar  steamer  that  ever  floated.  With  the  decline  of  steamboating  on  the  Sound,  Mr.  Wright  disposed  of  his  holdings,  and  has 
since  been  engaged  in  marine  ventures  in  California  and  at  present  is  out  of  the  business  after  forty  years  of  experience. 


Cai't,  William  H'i'tkksiianks 


i   ~f{     '■    I 


mi'W 


-i--  i 


WW:\ 


Mi 


111 


' 


i^i 


ii 


;;! 


122 


Lewis  4  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  IVorthwvat 


Colninhia  l)nr.     The  liark  Oii-.  one  of  the  old-timers,  was  running  l)ctween   Coo.s   Hay  and   San    Francisin  in 
command  of  Ca))!.  J,  W.  McAllep.'" 

Marine  casnallics  were  few  in  numlier  in  1H6.1,  no  serious  disasters  occurring  on  the  Northern  coast  txccpi 
tile  loss  of  the  bark  C/m's/n/i/iir  MilchilL  Captain  l')ustace,  which  was  wrecked  near  Point  Chatham  while  ni  loute 
to  San  Francisco  from  Nanaimo  witli  a  cargo  of  coal.  The  ship  F,  //'.  Ilailiv  went  ashore  January  Slh  iliree 
miles  south  of  Point  I.ohos  while  in  lon/c  to  Puget  Sound  to  load  lumber  for  Australia.  She  sailed  out  of  tin; 
(iolden  (late,  liut  the  wind  failed  .soon  after  clearing  the  heads,  and  she  was  ol)liged  to  anchor.  The  hoMiiiK 
ground  was  poor,  and,  despite  the  efforts  of  the  crew,  she  soon  went  on  the  rocks.  I,.  R,  Dyer,  captain,  Thomas 
Adams,  mate,  William  Randolph,  John  Torlando,  Peter  Simpson,  John  Conway,  J.  C.  Fielding,  Jo.seph  Lynch,  and 
George  Kiiikley.  were  lost.  The  tug  Morimac,  afterward  well  known  on  the  Columbia  and  I'uget  Sound,  capsi/cd 
on  Humboldt  bar,  February  22d,  and  all  hands  perished.  Thecrew  consisted  of:  Hatch,  captain;  Martin,  en^jiiifer: 
Hales,  mate  ;  C.  McLean,  J.  S.  Oarwood,  Mr.  Harrington,  two  deckhands,  two  firemen  and  four  others.  Anionj! 
the  notable  deaths  of  the  year  was  Capt.  Lafayette  Ualch,  who  came  to  the  Sound  in  1850  on  the  old  brig  Ctorj-e 
limery.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  town  of  .Steilacoom,  and  ran  a  line  of  packets  between  there  and  San  Francisco 
for  many  years.  Another  man  of  equal  prominence  in  early  marine  affairs,  Capt.  W  H.  Wells,  was  drowiieil  in 
Shoalwater  Bay  by  the  capsizing  of  a  plunger. 

Over  a  score  of  steamers  were  either  built  or  brought  in  for  u.se  on  river  and  Sound  in  1864,  and  some  of  tliem 
were  (|uite  pretentious  in  size  and  speed.  As  in  former  years,  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  retained 
almost  ab.solute  control  of  the  marine  highway  to  the  upper  country  and  either  bought  off  or  subsidized  all 
opposition.  Their  business  had  reached  such  proportions  that  over  five  hundred  men  were  emjiloyed  on  the  road 
and  river  for  several  months  each  season.  Tlie  stampede  of  the  preceding  two  years  had  taxed  the  capacity  of 
their  steamers  to  the  utmost,  and  early  in  1864  they  brought  the  California  Steam  Navigation  Company's  old 
flagship  AV,-c'  U'or/J  up  from  the  Sacramento  and  put  her  on  the  Cascade  route. 

The  .Viw  l/'i);/(/ had  more  than  a  passing  claim  to  the  fame  she  enjoyed  on  both  sides  of  the  continent. 
She  was  the  first  steamboat  launched  with  steam  up,  and  soon  afterward  was  the  central  figure  in  one  of  the  most 
daring  escapades  ever  attempted  and  successfully  accomplished.  She  was  built  in  New  York  in  1849  by  William 
Furness  for  a  prominent  shipowner  named  Brown,  but  before  .she  had  seen  any  service  was  seized  by  the  slierif 
for  debt.  Capt.  Ivlgar  Wakeman  had  been  engaged  to  command  her,  and  when  she  became  involved  he  planned  I 
release  her  in  a  novel  manner.  Securing  permission  to  work  the  engines  in  order  to  prevent  rust  from  accumulating, 
he  arranged  with  the  engineer  for  a  full  head  of  steam,  and  at  the  proper  moment  ordered  the  haw.ser  cut,  and  the 
steamer  went  flying  down  the  bay  with  the  sheriff  and  three  of  his  aides  as  unwilling  passengers.  When  lie 
reached  the  narrows  he  ran  close  in  shore  and  stopped  the  engines,  and,  as  he  emerged  from  the  pilothouse,  the 
angry  official  covered  him  with  a  pistol,  saying:  "  I  am  the  .sheriff of  New  York  City  and  County.  This  vtssel 
is  in  my  charge,  and  she  must  be  taken  back  to  the  dock."  Wakeman  straightened  up  and  said  :  "And  I  am 
master  of  the  good  ship  Mu'  IVorlJ,  afloat  upon  the  high  .seas.  This  vessel  is  in  my  charge,  and  let  who  <[uestioiis 
it  beware."  He  signaled  all  hands  on  deck,  and  when  they  appeared,  armed  with  pistols,  knives  and  cutlasses, 
the  .sheriff  and  his  men  were  hustled  over  the  side  into  a  small  boat  and  set  ashore  by  the  mate.  The  A'en'  World 
steamed  away,  making  her  first  stop  at  Pernambuco,  where  she  ran  in  at  night  and  got  out  again  without 
trouble,  but  was  pursued  into  Rio  de  Janeiro  by  an  F<ngli.sh  frigate,  which,  had  she  been  fleet  enough,  would  have 
ended  the  cruise  of  the  A't-u'  World,  which  was  without  clearance  papers  and  would  have  been  a  lawful  prize. 
The  ab.sence  of  the  necessary  documents  might  have  caused  .serious  difficulties  at  Rio,  but  Wakeman  was  eijiial 
to  the  occasion,  and,  while  pulling  ashore,  managed  to  fall  overboard  and  lose  the  tin  box  which  was  supposed  to 
contain  them.  The  consul  accepted  the  explanation,  sympathized  with  him,  and  sent  him  on  his  way  armed 
against  future  interference.  Eighteen  of  the  crew  died  at  Rio  with  the  yellow  fever,  but  the  AVr.'  WoilJ  was 
finally  coaled  and  started  seaward.  At  Valparaiso  .she  was  ordered  into  quarantine  for  twenty  days,  but  Wakeman 
made  such  a  strong  protest  that  the  authorities  turned  him  loose  at  the  end  of  the  eighth  day,  and  he  went  on  to 
Callao,  where  he  was  informed  that  the  news  of  his  flight  from  New  York  had  reached  the  Pacific,  and  that  an 
effort  would  be  made  to  capture  him  at  Panama.  The  New  World  took  fuel  enough  to  carry  her  through  if 
nece.s.sary,  but  ran  into  Panama  at  night,  anchoring  behind  the  Lsland  of  Tobago.  Wakeman  went  ashore  wearing 
a  red  flannel  shirt  and  a  Scotch  cap,  and  learned  that  there  were  but  two  men  authorized  to  seize  the  steamer  and 
but  ten  Government  soldiers  available,  while  the  town  was  full  of  people  willing  to  pay  $300  each  for 
passage  to  California.  He  returned  to  the  steamer,  and  at  sunrise  anchored  in  plain  sight  of  the  city,  with  the 
covers  removed  from  the  gilt  name  on  the  wheelliouse,  and  went  a.shore  to  make  arrangements  for  the 
transportation  of  the  eager  crowd.  The  marshals  attempted  to  arrest  him,  but,  before  they  were  aware  of  liis 
intention,  he  covered  them  both  with  revolvers  ;  and  a  large  number  of  excited  passengers  gathered  about  them. 


'^Capt.  J.  W.  Mc.Allep  wiis  born  in  Maine  in  1838  and  spent  his  earlie.st  days  on  the  water  on  the  Atlantic.  He  arriveil  on 
the  Pacific  Coa.st  in  1863,  and  his  first  etnployinent  was  on  tlie  bark  Ork,  running  to  Coos  Bay.  He  spent  a  few  years  in  Simpson's 
service,  coinmanding  the  Ijrigs  .Iraffo  ana  Oriiiit,  the  schooner  /Cnlerprise,  several  tuglionts,  the sleainers  liaslport  and  I'.iiipiii  .nid 
the  ship  Drtioil,  and  was  subseiiuently  captain  and  part  owner  of  the  clipper  Western  Shore.  He  retired  from  deep  water  a  ii«' 
years  ago  and  went  to  Seattle,  where  he  had  charge  of  the  fireboat  Stwi/iialiiiie,  and,  after  having  lieen  superseded  by  Capi  lin 
Conner,  went  round  to  the  Columbia  and  rati  one  of  Simpson's  tugs  for  a  short  time.  Since  the  death  of  Capt.  Charles  Carlson  lie 
has  been  master  of  the  Chilkat  on  the  Alaska  route. 


Tht)  Oregon  Stuam  Navigation  Company's  Btjit  Days,  Many  Ni:w  Stt-.inifrs  in  Pui/tit  Snaml  W:itt'rs       12 J, 


CAM.   Cl.ANKICK   CROSItV 


offering  to  tar  aiut  fi'iither,  lynch,  or  dispoHe  of  the  nffeiuliiig  oflicers  in  niiy  way  that  Wnkemnn  iiiinlit  suKKtst. 
TIk'  ili|mtifs  rcali/fd  thi'ir  hulplcssiiess  and  sensibly  tore  up  tiieir  papers.  The  steamer  left  I'aiiaMKi,  June  jotii, 
witli  twii  hundred  paHseiiKers,  nrriviuK  at  San  Franci.sco,  July  ii,  iH^o.  She  at  once  went  to  work  on  the 
Sacramento  River  and  continued  there  until  1H64,  when  she  was  sold  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navi^;ation 
OimiKinv,  steamed  North  in  charge  of  Capt.  Chris.  Dall  and  arrived  at  Portland  in  April.  Capt.  John  Wolf 
took  iliarKC  of  her  on  the  Ca.scade  route  at  once,  and  on  the  opening  trip.  May  _vl.  she  carried  a  large  crowd, 
acc(Mii|iimied  hy  a  hand.  The  gold  mines  of  the  upper  country  were  at  their  best  at  this  time,  and  business 
oil  111!.-  river  was  booming.  Nearly  two  thousand  pounds  of  gold  formed  part  of  one  cargo,  and  great  numbers 
of  piMiple  and  much  freight  were  transported.  In  spite  of  her  extensive  carrying  capacity  she  was  none  too 
large  i'l'T  the  route,  and  even  had  to  be  assisted  by  the  other  boats,  the  ll'i/son  d'.  lluni  running  with  her  in  the 

pas.seuger  service,  and  the  Carrie  /.tiM  ami  /•.'.r/>/r,s\«,  during  a  good  portion  of  the 
time,  for  freight  and  stock.  As  long  as  this  condition  of  affairs  lasted  the 
enormous  oi>erating  exjiense  was  not  heeded  ;  but,  when  the  business  slackened, 
a  more  economical  steamer  was  ordered  for  that  locality,  and  the  A'crc  W'othl 
was  disposed  of  to  Hale,  Crosby  '"  &  Winsor,  who  took  her  to  the  Sound,  where 
she  made  her  first  appearance  in  March.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  a  half  interest 
in  the  steamer  was  bought  by  Jacob  Kamm  for  )fi2o,<)oo  ;  but,  as  the  tralTic  at  that 
time  did  not  warrant  her  retention  in  the  North,  she  was  sent  to  San  Franci.sco 
in  1868,  where  she  was  promptly  libeled  by  the  California  Steam  Navigation 
Company  for  breach  of  contract,  as  the  agreement  made  when  she  was  sold 
to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  for  $75,000  provided  that  she  was 
to  be  kept  out  of  California  waters  until  ten  years  had  elapsed.  After  considerable 
litigation  the  matter  was  finally  settled,  and  the  wheels  of  the  H'orM  again  went 
round.  In  appearance  she  resembled  the  steamer  IVilsoii  (,.  Hunt,  was  two 
hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  long,  tweii\  seven  feet  beam,  and  nine  feet  hold, 
with  a  walking-beam  engine  forty-six  by  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  inches, 
contained  thirty-five  staterooms  and  one  hundred  and  eleven  berths,  and  was  very  speedy.  Wliile  on  the 
Coluiubia  she  made  a  round  trip  between  Portland  and  the  Ca.scades  in  six  hours  and  fifty-seven  minutes'  actual 
rumiiiig  time. 

During  the  prosperous  busine.ss  of  1H64  the  Washington  Territory  Transportation  Company,  the  principal 
members  of  which  were  Donohue,  Kohl  and  Ankeny,  prepared  to  struggle  for  a  portion  of  the  Columbia  River 
trade  with   the  steamer   Cascades,  a  big  -sternwheeler   which   they   had   built   at 
rtsalaily.      As  soon  as  completed  she  was  sent  to   the   Columbia,  carrying   the 
niiicliinery  for  two  other  steamers  which  her  owners  expected  to  construct  on  the 
river.    The  Cascades  arrived  at  Portland,  September  5th,  and  at  once  commenced 
to  refit.     Her  trial  trip  was  made  January  23,  iHfi.s,  with  Captain  \'an  Uergen  at 
the  wheel  ;   but,  before  .she  had  displayed  much  of  an  attempt  at  opposition,  the 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  subsidized  her,  and  .she  remained  idle   until 
July,  when  the  company  decided  that,  inasmuch  as  they  were  paying  a  good  round 
.sum  each  month  for  her  services,  they  might  as  well  u.se  her.     Accordingly  the 
siiiall  cylinders  were   exchanged  for  larger  ones,  and  she  started  on  the  Cascade 
route  in  charge  of  the  following  oflicers  :  John  H.  Wolf,  captain  ;    N.  B.  Ingalls, 
jiiirser ;  James  Galloway,  chief  engineer  ;   Louis  Piper,  pilot;  and  William  Smith, 
mate.      The  steamer  surprised  every  one   by  reeling   off  fifteeen  miles  an  hour 
with  ease,  and,  owing  to  this  as  well  as  to  her  large  carrying  capacity,  she  was 
operated  on  the  route  until   1.S70,  when  years  of  hard  running  had  diminished  her 
.speed  and  lessened  her  general   utility,  and  she  was  abandoned.      The   Cascades 
will  always  be  remembered  by  old-timers  as  the  first  sternwheel  steamer  with  a  wheelhouse,  this  improvement 
being  one   of  the   many   devices   of  the   late  John   Gates.       The   dimensions   of  the   steamer  were:    length, 
one  luiiidred  and  fifty-five  feet ;  beam,  twenty-seven  feet  .six  inches  ;  depth  of  hold,  five  feet  ten  inches  ;  engines 
first  used,  sixteen  by  seventy-two  inches  ;  replaced  in  1863  by  others,  eighteen  and  a  half  by  seventy-two  inches. 
The  t)regon  Steam  Navigation  Company  made  its  first  effort  to  control  the  Astoria  trade  in  1864,  and  as  usual  the 
rival  steamers  were  compelled  to  withdraw  from  the  contest  in  a  very  short  time.     Karly  in  the  year  Captain 
.\iiiswortli  bought  Holman's  interest  in  the  route,  and  the  Julia,  which  he  had  been  running  in  opposition  to 
t!  .■  foliu  H.  Couch,  was  taken  off,  and  the  latter  steamer  continued  in  the  service. 

On  the  upper  river  the  fleet  was  reinforced  with  the  steamers  Yakima  and  Owyhee.  The  Vaktma,  which  in 
her  (lay  was  the  champion  of  the  upper  Columbia,  was  built  at  Celilo  in  1864,  making  her  trial  trip  May  4th  in 

"Capt.  Cluiirick  Cro.sby  was  born  in  Kast  Brewster,  Mass.,  in  1814.  and,  as  soon  as  he  was  olil  enougli  to  n"  to  sea,  shipped 
lic'lorc  the  mast  and  sailed  lietween  Atlantie  ports  and  Europe  in  the  merchant  service.  He  foUoweil  this  vocation  until  185.S, 
will  11  hu  left  tile  ocean  for  a  few  years  and  went  to  the  I'acific  Coast.  On  I'uget  Sound  he  was  interested  in  several  small  steamers, 
liMi  liL-  New  World  was  such  an  unprofitable  speculation  thai  he  abandoned  the  business  and  took  up  his  residence  at  Tiimwater, 
wluic  he  died  in  1879. 


\rr    Wii.l.iAM  riMi  HI 


i     "     ,1 


1'  ^, 


\    I 


i 

j|; 

1 

1 

I 


!  i| 


124 


Lewis  cf  Drydens  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


cumiuand  of  Capt.  Charles  Felton.  She  was  a  handsome  steiiiner,  one  huiulred  and  fifty  feet  'lOng,  twenty-nine 
feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  with  twenty-six  staterooms  elegantly  furnished  and  with  a  freight  capacity  of  over 
two  hnndred  tons.  Her  engines  were  seventeen  by  seventy-two  inches,  and  they  sent  her  along  like  a  racehorse, 
giving  her  a  record  of  forty-one  hours  and  thirty-five  minutes  from  Celilo  to  I.ewiston,  a  distance  of  two  hundred 
and  seve!;ty-nine  mihs,  against  a  very  swift  current  and  with  many  rapids  to  climb.  This  run  was  made  by  Capt. 
E.  F.  Coe  in  June,  1867,  an.l  has  never  been  excelled.  Coe  commanded  the  Yakiiiia  the  greater  part  of  the  time 
until  1S70,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  Thomas  Stump,  who  was  the  last  master  of  the  steamer.  In  1S75, 
while  on  her  way  down  the  river  with  one  hundred  and  sixty  tons  of  freight,  she  struck  a  rock  in  the  John  Day's 
Rapids,  which  sto\-e  in  the  bottom  from  the  bow  aft  nearly  past  the  boiler.  She  was  immediately  headed  for  the 
Oregon  shore  and  iank  in  shallow  water.  While  this  cxiienence  was  not  a  new  one  lor  the  steamer,  the  mishap 
was  of  such  a  serio.is  nature  that  she  v  as  of  but  little  value  after  -'le  was  raised.  I'eter  W.  He  Huff"  was  one  of 
the  best  known  engi.ieers  of  the  )'akiiini,  and  James  W.  Troup  was  purser  in  the  early  part  of  the  seventies.  The 
Ouyliff  was  built  at  Celilo  and  was  originally  intended  as  an  opposition  steamer  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company,  but  before  she  was  completed  the  monopoly  secured  control  and  she  came  out  under  their  flag.  She 
commenced  running  to  Lewiston  in  connuand  of  Capt.  J.  H.  I).  Oray,  with  H.  C.  Coe, '' pilot ;  and  the  former 
continued  in  charge  ur.til  1S67,  wlieii  Capt.  liugene  I'.  Coe  took  her.  Capt.  S.  I).  Holmes  and  Capt.  Thomas  Stump 
subsequently  served  on  the  steamer,  and  in  171,  while  Stump  was  running  her,  she  struck  a  rock  about  twenty 

miles  above  Wallnla  on 
her  way  to  l.ewiston  ami 
sank  almost  instaiUly. 
She  was  thought  to  he  a 
total  loss,  but  was  after- 
ward raised  and  was  in 
coni.ni.ssion,  except  at 
intervals,  until  1S76.  at 
which  time  she  was  dis 
mantled  at  Celilo.  Her 
engines  were  placed  in 
the  steamer  W'lhoini-  cm 
the  lower  river,  and 
subsequently  did  good 
work  both  on  theColnm- 
l)ia  and  on  Puget  SchuuI. 
The  dimensions  of  llie 
Ou-y/iir  were  :  length, 
one  hundred  and  twenly- 
t  h  ree  feet  :  bea  ni . 
twenty-four  feel  :  deptli. 
four  feet  :  engines,  six- 
teen by  forty -eiglil 
inches.  In  July,  1S7.S, 
Capt.  Fred  Wilson  sailed 

SllAMiK         V4K1.MA  J  ],  ,  |,    „   ]  ]        do^y,,       ^VlT 

Tumwater  Falls,  stern  first  in  safety  ;  f'om  here  sht  was  taken  to  The  D.Ules  in  March,  1.S79,  by  William 
Johnston,  mate  of  the  steamer  /'.  A'.   Thiunpsoii,  and  ended  her  days  as  a  wood  barge  on  the  middle  river. 

Karly  in  the  yea.'  a  weak  attempt  at  opposition  was  made  by  an  organi/atiou  known  as  the  Columbia 
Traiisportation  Comparv,  of  wliich  1  evi  I'-arnsworth  was  president.     They  operated  the  little  propeller  Celilo  nn 


"  I'cler  W.  De  lIulT  -as  liorii  in  York,  IViiii.,  in  iS^S,  ai-  '  ooniinciueil  slcaiiilmalin);  in  llie  NdiHuvcsI  in  iSb^  on  the  /■.'.  /'. 
/lakt'r,  t>et\veen  t'ic  Cascades  ant?  Portland.  He  remained  iheri'  but  a  '^hort  time,  ami  was  next  on  tin-  Willamette,  >;i>inK  Inter  u> 
tile  middle  rivei,  where  lie  rem. lined  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navi;.iation  Companx'  ;ind  its  sneeessors  tor  over  a  ipiartri 
cf  a  eeiunry.  He  retired  iVom  active  ser\ice  on  the  river  several  years  before  the  t  ir.'jion  Raihvay  ^:  Navigation  Cmnpany  w  l^ 
turned  over  to  the  I'niou  I'acilu',  --uui  was  put  in  charge  ot"  the  machine  simps  at  The  Dalles.  Me  has  won  much  renown  h\  Ii:- 
m.istcrly  services  in  connection  with  the  <lani;er(nis  passaj^e  ol"  the  Casca.des,  and  ;ihva\s  took  ch.tr^e  ot'  the  enj.iines  when  there  w  i-- 
a  steamer  to  he  taken  over  the  ra[dds.  lie  was  with  Capt. James  Tronji  on  tlie  celelirateil  trip  oltlie  lliiii,-sl  (Jiiifi.  when  she  cmiiic 
through  Tumwater  l-'alls  in  1SS2  with  rudilers  carried  away  and  with  the  pillow  hhicks  and  eccentric  rod  broken.  It  was  an  excitin-: 
journey,  but  the  ste.imer  hnally  readied  the  bank,  alter  drifting  four  miles,  lie  lliili  repaired  the  d. image,  and  the  boat  cmihc 
through  to  The  Dalles  without  further  mishap.  He  was  also  engineer  with  Troup  when  the  P.  S,  /M/^'f'r  came  down  from  the  iippci 
river.  Although  he  has  had  several  narrow  escapes,  Mr.  Dc  Hulf  was  never  in  a  serious  acciilent  and  bears  the  reputation  of  bcuii; 
one  of  the  most  careful  as  well  as  fearless  men  on  the  river.  He  is  still  living  at  The  Dalles,  where  he  has  made  his  home  during  1 
good  portion  of  his  active  career,  and  remains  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  »V  Navigation  C<impany  in  connection  »ii;i 
engineering  work  at  the  railroad  slioiis  at  that  place. 

^'11.  C.  Coe  was  born  in  Livingston  Comity,  N.  Y.,  in  iS).).     His  parents  emigrated  to  Oregon  in  1S15  and  settled  at  IIoi'l 
River  in  the  fall  of  the  same '-ear.     In  iS(i2  he  coinmenced  steamboatiiig  as  an  appientice  jiilot  on  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigali' ■: 
Company's  '■. earner  Ciiloiiel  ll'nf/i,\  |.;    i'.  i;„e,  master.     He  contimieil  in  the  service  of  the  company  until  the  fall  of  kS(h),  when  1 
gave  up  ..leam'  nating  and  engaged  in  farming.     He  followed  this  business  until   1S79,  when  the  Oregon  Railway  ^c  Navigatii'' 
Company  was  organi/.ed.     He  then  cut  Ted  their  employ  and  reinaiued  with  them  until  the  completion  of  the  road,  when  he  aga: 
relumed  lo  his  home  at  Hood  River,  whc  c  he  now  resides. 


rnri-K   1M-:  llri  I-' 


T'le  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  Best  Days,   Many  Mew  Steamers  in  ^uget  Sound  Waters       125 

the  miilillc  river,  in  command  of  Capt.  John  T.  Kerns,  and  the  small  sidewheeler  Pioneer,  between  Portland  and 

the  Cascades.     The  life  of  the  enterpri.se  '.vas  hrief,  and  in  Angust  the  /Wnieer  was  sent   to  Vaqnina  in  charge  of 

Captain  Ikicliau,  and  was  run  l>y  Cyrus  H.  Carr,  who  is  still  an  engineer  on  the  hay.     She  was  the  first  steamer  in 

the  harlior  and  was  followed  a  few  months  later  by  the  J-^lk.  Cajit. 

Richard  Jordan.     The  /Voiieer  afterward  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 

Kellci.u.ns,  and  Orrin  Kellogg  was  master  for  a  while. 

.\'ext  in  importance  to  the  Columbia  River  routes  was  the  Cowlitz 

tra>lc.     'I'here  wa:i  a  large  amount  of  traffic  between  I'uget  Sound  and 

the  Ccihinibia,  and.  as  ocean  steamers  were  few  in  nundier.  the  bulk 

of  the  travel  was  via  the  Cowlitz  to  the  head  of  navigation  and  thence 

liv  st.igc  to  t)lympia.     Previous  to  the  purchase  of  the  A'esiue  and 

C(V(.//  by  Captain  Ainsworth,  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  CNimpany 

ran  the  /■'.v/'nss  in   opposition    to    the    former,   which  was   ojierated 

bv  llie   Monticello   &    Cowlitz   Landing  Steamboat  Companv.     The 

steamer   A'eseiie — length,    ninety-five    feet  ;    beam,    Iwentyoue    feet  : 

(ic  'h  of  hold,  three  feet  .seven  inches  ;    with  engines  ten  by  forty- 

ciglit  inches— was  built  at  Monticello  by  OlitT  Olsen,  who  had  been 

running  tlie  steamer  ("ct///-  and  who  was  also  interested  in   the  /o/i/i 

II.    Ceiieh.  completed    only    a    short    time    before.     With    him   were 

associated  a  man    named    Huntingdon  and   one  or  two   others.     To 

retaliate  upon  the  Ore.gon  Steam  Navigation  Company  for  crowding 

them  so  hard  on  the  Cowlitz  route,  her  owners  i)nt   the  A'eseiie  on 

lite  Cascade  line  in  conitnand  of  Captain  Thayer,  and  the  ////in  was 

sent  after  her  with  Captain  Strang.     While  the  war  was  in  progress 

rates  lielween  Portland  ami  the  Cowlitz  were  cut  to  twenty-five  cents, 

and  an  opposition  stage  line  carried  passengers  through  to  Olympia 

for  six  dollars.     The  A'e.une  gave  way  to  the  pressure,  but  the  route  remained  in  contest  nearly  all  of  the  time 

nntil  the  completion  of  the  Northern   Pacific,  principally  owing  to  the  fact  that  almo.st  any  kind  of  a  steamer 

conUl  handle  the  trade  there,  while  it  required  better  boats  to  run  to  the  Cascailes.      In  iSh^  she  was  oi)erated  for 

a  while  on  the  .\storia  route  to  compete  with  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company's  steamers.  Init  Captain  .\insworth  ([uietly  bought  her  in  with  the 
(.'i>ii(/t  and  the  iie//e  and  afterward  turned  his  purchases  over  tf  the  company. 
Soon  after  clianging  ownership.  Capt.  James  Strang  was  appointed  master 
and  handled  her  until  iSdo,  when  C'apt.  Oranville  Reed  took  charge  for  a 
year.  gi\ing  way  to  Capt.  William  Smith.  She  remained  on  the  Cowlitz 
route,  with  occasional  trips  to  Astoria,  until  1S71.  when,  the  Oregon  Steam 
Navigation  Company  having  given  up  the  Cowlitz  trade,  she  was  sold  to 
Joseph  Kellogg.  Her  new  proprietor  kept  the  little  steamer  moving  until 
i>^-S.  when  she  became  too  old  for  rnrlher  use  and  was  broken  up.  In  the 
language  of  one  of  her  masters,  she  was  "an  awful  big  little  boat"  and 
carried  a  lar.ge  cargo  despite  her  diminulix  e  dimensions. 

The  overlanil  passenger  trafiic  to  the  luist  was  somewhat   of  a   fictor 
in  transT  ortatioii  in  i.Sfi4,  as  lien  HoUailay's  stage 
line  coiniected  with  the  Oregon  Steam   Naviga- 
tion   Company's   steamers   at  Wal;     ..   carrying 

Cm'I.    K.   C    Col  ■  ,  .■       I,     ■  r   1'   1 

(..is.sengers  throngh  by  way  ol  iVuse.  Idaho, 
Tlic  fare  by  stage  from  Walla  Walla  to  Hoi.se  was  j;.(u,  and  to  Alchi  n.  Kan..  :?J2,s. 
Kaoli  person  was  allowed  twenty-five  pounds  of  bagga,i;e.  ami  an  excess  over  that 
anidunl  was  charged  for  at  the  rate  of  Si. 5.1  per  pound.  When  the  fight  with  the 
lVi>]ilcs  Trans])ortation  Company  ended,  a  new  schedide  of  rates  for  up-river  points 
wa-  established:  To  The  Dalles,  freight,  $!.=;. 00  per  ton:  fare,  $(i.c«).  To  Walla 
W. ilia,  freight,  550.00  ;  fare.  $1  J.i«>.  To  I'matilla.  freight,  54.S,'>o  :  fare.  Sum"'  To 
l.cwiston,  freight,  Son. 00:  fare,  S.'j.i«i.  The  .steamers  (hieeii/ii,  hialio  and  /;•/.■  vere 
employed  on  the  niidille  river,  the  latter  as  a  stock  boat,  and  the  '/'eiiiiio.  (l-.i/iee. 
Vii'.nih).  and  the  little  steamer  C'initsr.  which  the\-  had  bought  from  Leonard  While, 
on  llij  upper  river.  The  i'iiseih/i//ii  was  running  on  the  upjier  Snake  and  sometimes 
came  ilowii  to  Celilo,  but  did  not  meddle  with  the  ciunpany's  business.  Captains 
Tuinbiill  and  Troup  built  the  steamer  I'liiiiiie  Tioiifi  for  the  X'ancouyer  route,  and 
tlk  -tenner  Seiialor  was  completed  by  Capt.  Joseph  Kellogg  for  the  Willamette  trade  :  but  she  soon  passed 
into  the  hands  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  who  also  constructe<l  the  steamer  A'e/i<iii,r  ,\l  Canemah. 
Dm  111;.;  the  year  several  of  the  pioneer  steamers  of  the    Oregon    Steam    Navigation    Company  passed    out   of 


M'l.  Ok  \N\  II  It-:   Ki;kii 


m 

m 

fl 

1 

jH 

5)1  fi 

fl 

|B 

1 

■ 

liiHIi. 

Ma 


B 


t! 


1 1 


I   1 


II! 


126 


Lewis  (f  Drydnn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


existence.  The  Mountain  Buck  was  stripped  of  her  machinery  and  left  in  the  boneyard,  the  Carrie  I.add  was 
converted  into  a  barge,  the  Iitdcpendene  and  the  Jennie  Clark  were  dismantled  and  burned,  and  the  Fashion  was 
permanently  retired. 

The  steamer  Fannie  Troiif>  was  launched  at  East  Portland,  .September  29,  1864.    James  Clinton  built  the 
hull,  and  W.  H.  Ti  oup  superintended  the  equipment.     A  number  of  Vancouver  people  were  interested  with  Troup 
and  TurnbuU,  and  the  steamer  was  intended  to  replace  the  Vaneoiiver  on  the  \'ancouver  route.     She  commciicecl 
running  late  in  the  fall,  in  command  of  Capt.  James  Turnbull,  and  subsequently  made  trips  to  Kalama  and  to  the 
Cowlitz,   the  Turnbulls, "  father  and  son,  and  Captain  Troup  retaining  control  until   1S70,  when  the  steamer 
pas.sed    into   the   hands   of   the   Oregon   Steam   Navigation    Company.       The   following   year   the    Vancouver 
Tran.sportalion  Company  operated  the  new  Vancoiizcr  on  the  Cowlitz  in  opposition  to  the  Fannie  Froiifi,  and  the 
liveliest  kind  of  a  steamboat  war  was  precipitated.     Captain  Babbidge  ran  the  latter 
and  Captain  Kerns  the  former.     The  Vaneouver  was  eventually  worsted  and  went 
on  the  Vancouver  run,  which  she  was  permitted  to  retain  unmolested.     The  Fannie 
Tronp  continued  on  the  lower  river  in  command  of  Captains  Babbidge"  and  Richard 
Hoyt,  Jr.,  until  1874,  when  .she  sank  in  the  Cowlitz  ;   and,  though  she  was  rai.sed 
and  taken  to  Portland  to  be  repaired,  her  days  of  usefulness  as  a  steamer  were  ended, 
and  her  engines  were  used  in  the  U'eleome.     Her  dimensions  were:    length,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-three  feet ;    beam,  twenty-one  feet ;    depth  of  hold,  five  feet ; 
draft  of  water,  light,  twenty-two  inches  ;  engines,  twelve  and  one-(|uarter  by  forty- 
eight  inches  ;  wheel,  seventeen  feet  in  diameter  with  fourteen  feet  face.    The  .steamer 
Senator,  which  in  1875  went  skyward  in  one  of  the  worst  boiler  explosions  since 
1854,  was  built  at  Milwaukie  by  Capt.  Jo.seph  Kellogg  in   186,^,  but  did  not  make 
her  trial  trip  until  January  22,  1864.     Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  one  hundred 

and  thirty-two  feet ;  beam,  twenty-four 
feet ;  depth  of  hold,  four  feet  six  inches  ; 

engines,  fourteen  by  sixty  inches.    Soon  '^"''-  \^'""'"'  ><   I'KM.r,,,. 

after  completion  she  was  .sold  to  the  People's  Transportation  Com- 
pany. Her  owner  received  stock  in  payment  and  continued  in  the 
co;:mand  of  the  steamer  until  1867,  when  Captains  George  Pe.ise 
and  E.  \V.  Baughman  ran  her  for  a  while.  Capt.  Charles  Kellogg 
took  her  in  1869  and  remained  in  charge  until  the  People's  Trans- 
portation Company  was  succeeded  by  the  Oregon  Steamship  Coni])aiiy 
(Ben  HoUadayj.  The  Senator  was  a  good  boat  of  her  cla.ss  an<l  had 
a  fine  record  until  "her  day  came  at  last"  (see  explosion  of  steamer 
Senator,  1875).  The  steamer  A'elianee  arose  from  the  ruins  of  the 
/;.  /).  Faker,  which  had  such  a  brief  career  on  the  lower  Willamette 
and  Columbia.  She  was  built  at  Canemah,  and  on  completion  ran 
lietween  upper  Willamette  points  in  command  of  Capt.  John  Cochrane 
who  continued  in  charge  throughout  her  existence,  being  relieved 
occa.sionally  by  Capt.  George  Pease.  She  lasted  until  1871,  when  her 
engines  were  removed  and  placed  in  the  steamer  .Itiee.  belonging  to 
the  same  company.  The  dimensions  of  the  Relianee  were  :  length. 
one  hundred  and  forty-three  feet  ;  beam,  twenty-four  feet  ;  depth  of 
hold,  four  feet  eight  inches  ;  engines,  sixteen  by  seventy-two  iiitlKS. 
With  the  A'elianee  and  their  other  steamers  on  the  upper  Willamelle, 
and  the  Senator  and  A'ival  below  the  falls,  the  People's  Transportaliim 
Company  were  in  a  good  condition  for  handling  the  large  business  which  came  to  them.  For  a  short  tiiiu'  in 
October  and  November,  during  the  low-water  period,  they  used  the  steamer  Skedaddle  as  a  connecting  link 
between  Oregon  City  and  Clackamas. 

'Capt.  William  R  Turnlmll,  a  son  of  the  pioneer  Capt.  James  Tnrnbull,  was  horn  in  ,St.  I.oui.sin  1.S42,  i-oniinenciii),' I'i'*  "niriiif 
career  with  lii.s  father  a,s  purser  on  the  /■'lUiiiic  Tivxp  in  1S64,  ami  aflerwaril  hecame  captain  of  the  same  steamer.  When  llic  l-'annx 
Ti'tiiip  w;iR  sohl  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  he  entered  the  emplo>'  of  the  new  owners  and  ran  their  steamers  Nt 
several  years,  serving  at  different  times  on  the  Orient,  Oieideiil,  Willttmelle  Cliiff,  and  otliers  ctpially  well  known.  lie  die  1  .it 
Vancouver  in  l^^77. 

"Capt.  John  W.  HahhidKe,  who  commanded  the  steamers  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  on  the  .\stcirin  ronlc  mr 
twenty  years,  was  horn  in  Maine  in  |S(2,  and,  like  the  majoritv  of  young  men  in  that  part  of  the  world,  followed  the  sea  I  •  .1 
livelihooil.  .\fter  cruising  on  the  .\tlantic  for  a  few  years,  he  went  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  second  mate  on  the  hark  Cainhriiii:  " 
iS6.(,  leaviu'^  her  at  I'ortlanil  to  go  on  the  Allied  Croshv,  then  in  the  coasting  trade  hetween  that  point  and  Victoria.  He  remai ::i'l 
on  the  ( 'loiov  a  year,  and  suhsecpientlv  ran  the  Government  sloop  lielle  hetween  Astoria  ami  I'ort  .Stevens  until  iSfiy,  when  he  I'e-  111 
steamhoaling  as  ,1  deckhanil  on  the  /<>//»/  //.  I  ctiiili.  Ilis  ahility  was  soon  recognized  hy  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Com))  t  iv, 
and  three  vears  later  he  was  given  tile  captaincy  of  the  steamer  /•aiiiiie  Tioiif),  on  the  Cowlitz  rcnile.  lie  went  from  her  t"  'e 
Ot;atioii<iiia\\i\  Infill,  and  afterward  to  the  Dixie  '/'liiiiiif<\o>i,  I'mnm  Hny-.enril,  .liiiiie  Slewarl,  Josir  AfiXeiii,  Oiieoiilii.  lu'ir  1. 
S.  (,'.  A'erd  Mniiiitiun  Oiieeii,  ll'i/tanirtle  I'tiie/,  A'.  A'.  Tliomf<soii,  U'iite  H'eit.  E.  S.  Cooke,  and  other  steamers  of  the  Dregon  Sli  i"i 
Navigation  Company.  In  1SS7  he  commenced  to  pilot  deep  water  vessels  on  the  river,  lint  left  -he  work  in  iSSi)  to  take  cliargr  if 
Devlin's  cannery  steamer  City  of  AslDria.  continuing  in  this  service  until  1891,  when  he  huilt  the  steamer  A'.  Milei,  which  h.  is 
operating  at  the  present  time  on  the  Westjiort  route  from  A.storia  and  enjoying  a  good  husiness.  His  son,  Capt.  Williur  1'.  Ilahhil  e, 
who  was  a  pn])il  of  his  fattier  in  stenmhoating,  is  master  and  part  owner  of  tlie  steamer  Hteetrie. 


Cai't.  John  w.  iiaiiiiiih 


The  Oregon  Steam  /Navigation  Company's  Best  Days,  Many  IV ew  Steamers  in  Ptiget  Sound  Waters       12; 


The  steamer  Maria,  which  came  to  Portland  from  the  Fraser  in  1862,  ended  her  days  in  April,  1S64,  while 
in  possession  of  the  United  States  marshal,  who  was  put  in  charge  when  Judge  Deady  decided  her  forfeited  to  the 
Government.  While  in  his  hands  she  sank  at  the  wharf,  March  23d,  but  was  subsequently  raised  so  that  the 
macliincry  could  be  removed,  and  was  sold  at  auction  to  Captain  Turnbull,  who,  after  dismantling  her,  sold  the 
hull  to  James  Clinton. 

In  August,  1864,  the  little  propeller  Cflilo,  the  .second  steamer  to  attempt  the  trip,  came  safely  over  the 
Cascades  in  command  of  Capt.  Dan  Baughman,  with  Fred  Congdon,  engineer,  and  fireman  John.son,  the  only 
otlRT  iiersons  on  board.  This  hazardous  undertaking  had  been  looked  on  with  many  mi.sgivings  prior  to  this 
lime,  lint,  a  few  weeks  before  the  Cclilo  made  the  passage,  a  man  named  Brown  had  pas.sed  the  rapids  in  a  small 
skiff  involur.tarily  without  disa.ster,  and  the  feat  was  not  looked  upon  with  so  much  wonder  as  when  the  Umalilla 
surprised  the  natives  by  coming  through  in  comparative  safety  in  1.S58. 

Several  new  steamers  appeared  on  the  waters  of  Puget  Sound  and  British  Columbia,  the  most  important  of 
them  a  big  .sternwheeler,  the  .Ihwaudria.  built  at  Victoria  by  William  Moore.  The  .[Icxandiia  was  the  most 
unfortunate  venture  that  Moore  had  yet  engaged  in,  and  while  .she  was  a  fine  boat  with  good  power,  she  was 
a  poor  speculation  for  all  who  were  in  any  way  ccnnected  with  her.  She  cost  $50,000  and  ruined  her  builder 
before  she  performed  any  work.  Being  unable  to  make  a  satisfactory  .settlement  with  his  creditors,  Moore  ran  her 
over  to  the  American  side  until  he  could  arrange  his  affairs  ; 
but  the  Victorians  followed  and  took  her  back  to  \'ictoria,  and 
put  her  on  the  route  between  that  port  and  the  Fra.ser  River  as 
an  independent  steamer.  She  was  first  commanded  by  Captain 
Coffin,  who  was  succeeded  by  Doane  and  Insley.  After  a  few 
trips  she  collided  with  and  sank  the  I-'idclatcr  off  Clover  Point, 
for  wliicli  the  owners  of  the  latter  vessel  recovered  heavy  dam- 
iiges.  Tlie  unlucky  steamer  was  ihen  .sold  to  T.  Pritchard  for 
J5,oo<),  and  after  having  been  refitted,  started  out  in  command 
of  Captain  Swanson.  '  She  was,  however,  never  much  of  a 
success,  and  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  removed  lier  machinery 
iu  i.S6c)  and  it  remained  on  the  wharf  in  X'ictoria  until  1874, 
when  Capt.  William  Buchanan  of  Portland  purchased  it  to 
furnish  power  for  his  big  towboat  Ocklaluxma.  The  dimensions 
of  the  Ahxandiia  were:  length,  one  iiundred  and  sixty -.seven 
feet :  beam,  twenty-nine  feet  six  inches ;  depth,  eight  feet  ; 
engines,  twenty-one  and  oneiiuarter  by  seventy-two  inches. 
The  /Idflalcr,  another  famous  coasting  and  jobbing  steani.sliip, 
arrived  at  \"ictoria  in  March,  having  come  from  England  under 
sail,  devoting  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  days  to  the  trip. 
She  was  refitted  and  put  on  the  route  between  Portland  and 
British  Columbia  ports,  and  her  subseciuent  career  under  the 
liritisli,  Russian  and  American  flags  was  eventful.  She  was 
finally  confiscated  by  the  United  States  Government  for  alleged 
fraud  in  securing  American  registry.  After  her  collision  with 
\\k  .Ui:\(i}idria  she  was  in  command  of  Captain  luskine,  and  made  her  first  voyage  from  Victoria  to  I'uiii.md 
in  June,  1.S66,  with  forty-six  passengers.  Captain  Erskine  ran  her  to  Alaska  a  few  trips  in  i.S'  -  in  tin.-  service 
of  the  Russian-American  Eur  Company,  who  had  bought  her  from  the  British  owners.  hu  adopleil  the 
.\uierican  colors  at  the  time  of  tlie  Alaska  purchase,  and  in  1869  was  .seized  by  the  United  .Si.acs  GovirnnKnt. 
In  1S75  the  vessel  became  the  property  of  Goodall,  Xelson  &  Co.,  who  used  her  on  the  southern  routes  out  of  San 
Francisco  until  October,  1.S76,  at  which  time  she  vas  lost  on  the  lower  coast  (see  wreck  of  steamer  J'idt/ali  ■  The 
I'iddiilci  was  a  propeller,  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  ten  feel  li  uil.  with 
o.scillating  engines  twenty-seven  by  thirty-six  inches. 

The  redoubtable  Capt.  "Jimmy  "  Jones, '"  who  had  been  running  .schooners  on  the  Sound  foi  several  \ears, 
.succeeded  in   fitting  out  his  .schooner  Jenny  Jones  wiih  machinery  in  1864  and  put  her  in  commission  between 


Wll  LAMKITI-:    KUKH   STKAMKK 


'■'CKpt,  John  Swanson,  the  l)est  known  of  any  of  llie  Iliiilson's  I),iy  Compiiny's  nmstens  of  early  years,  was  born  in  Hiiiil.Tiid 
in  iSj;,  and  arrived  at  Viiloria,  It.  C,  on  the  old  CaJboiv,  when  liul  a  lioy.  He  -spent  many  years  in  ohar),'e  of  the  steamer  /!,  ii:,  i , 
ami  nil. kr  bis  j,'iiiclanee  that  craft  explored  many  channels  in  various  paris  of  the  Northwest  hitherto  niikniiwn.  some  of  whicli  still 
ret.iin  his  name  He  was  master  of  the  steamship  /.nfioiic/ii'ir  and  the  /'ii/crftiisr,  and  remained  in  the  service  of  the  comjiany  nntil 
the  tiiiu-  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Victoria,  October  21,  1S72. 

^Capt.  James  Jones,  or  "Jinnny"  Jones,  as  he  was  always  called,  was  a  Welshman  by  Itirth,  ami  emi>;raled  to  California  in 
1M'(.  X'linn  to  the  Sound  in  1S5.1,  where  he  accnnudated  a  little  money,  with  whicli  he  eon.strncted  the  schooner  liiiiily  l'ail;ii .  He 
r.iii  her  dnritif;  the  I'raser  River  excitement,  .and  after  she  burned  built  the  i'tirolinr  for  the  route  between  \'icloria  anil  Nanaimn. 
His  luxt  enterprise  was  the  construction  of  the  Jinny  /I'HCV,  at  first  as  a  schooner  nincty-five  feet  in  '.eiiKth,  but  snbseiinently  the 
Josu  M,  Xi-,ii ,  fimvt'r,  and  other  river  steamers.  He  left  this  business  to  enter  the  customs  service,  but  after  a  short  time  there  he 
look  ,1  tri|)  to  the  Samlwich  Islamls  for  liis  health.  Not  hudin^'  the  relief  sonxht,  he  sailed  on  the  bark  /■'alki'iihcn;  in  May,  1S7S. 
lihcreil  and  fitted  up  as  a  steamer.  .Alter  his  return  from  llie  celebrated  lli^jht  to  foreign  parts,  he  saileil  the  schooner  /)is<ii:rn'  lor 
aViiiuria  firm  for  a  short  time,  but  (iually  became  mentally  unbalanced  and  traveled  about  the  country  Kivinn  lectures  on  the 
"  Kinlil  Womlers  of  tlie  World."     He  died  in  Victoria,  August  Jo,  iS.Sj,  aged  fifty-two  years. 


im 


ifii '  '■  ■■■■> 


!i-^ 


I  ! 


;  I 


1     ! 


if 


128 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Portland  and  British  Columbia  ports.  She  made  her  first  trip  to  Portland  in  April  and  narrowly  escaped  wreck  at 
the  spot  where  the  Woodpecker  came  to  grief  a  few  years  before.  Captain  Jones  built  the  steamer  at  Port  Towiisend 
in  partnership  with  Franklin  Sherman  and  continued  operating  her  through  the  year.  In  the  fall  he  bought  out  his 
partner  and  the  following  spring  indulged  in  an  escapade  which  is  so  remarkable  for  the  reckless  daring  with  wliich 
it  was  carried  out  that  it  is  worthy  of  more  than  passing  mention.  In  February,  1865,  he  became  financially 
involved  at  Victoria  and  was  thrown  into  jail.  His  schooner  in  the  meantime  had  been  sent  to  the  American  side 
in  command  of  the  mate.  1  lie  Victoria  gaol,  as  they  term  it  on  that  side  of  the  line,  was  somewhat  insecure,  and 
through  the  intervention  of  friends  the  Captain  secured  a  woman's  dress  and  bonnet  and  escaped.  After  much 
trouble  he  landed  on  the  American  side  of  the  Straits  only  to  learn  that  his  steamer  was  in  the  hands  of  the  United 
States  marshal  at  Olympia,  some  of  his  American  creditors  having  followed  the  example  of  the  British 
Columbians.  Captain  Jones  went  to  Olympia.  and,  when  the  Jenny  Jones  was  sent  to  Seattle  to  be  sold,  he  went 
with  her  as  a  passenger.  The  vessel  tied  up  for  the  night  at  Steilacoom,  and  the  marshal,  not  liking  the  quarters 
aboard,  went  to  the  hotel.  After  he  retired  "Jimmy"  decided  upon  a  bold  plan.  With  the  United  States 
Government  against  him  on  one  side  of  the  line  and  the  British  (lovernment  similarly  interested  on  the  other,  with 
fuel  only  sufficient  for  a  forty-mile  run.  a  solitary  .sack  of  flour,  two  pounds  of  sugar  and  a  pound  of  tea,  he  cist  off 
the  lines  and  steamed  away.  Before  the  hold  was  clear  of  wood  he  reached  Port  Ludlow,  where  he  had  previously 
located  a  few  cords,  and,  with  the  aid  of  this,  he  managed  to  reach  Nanaimo.  Here  he  was  refused  coal  but 
succeeded  in  obtaining  a  few  provisions,  steered  for  a  deserted  coal  dump  and  engaged  some  Indians  to  assist  liini  in 
getting  aboard  about  twelve  tons  of  coal  dust,  which  had  l)een  lying  there  for  several  years.  With  this  supply  he 
started  for  the  coast  of  British  Columbia  north  of  Burrard's  Inlet  to  secure  wood  to  mix  with  the  coal  dust,  and  when 
about  twenty  miles  out  encountered  a  leaky  sloop  with  a  cargo  of  provisions.     The  crew  begged  to  be  taken  off  the 

sinking  craft,  and  he  complied 
with  the  request  and  also  did 
not  neglect  to  secure  their 
freieht.  Thus  well  manned 
and  equipped  the  Jenny  Jones 
struck  out  for  the  open  .sea  ; 
and,  with  steam  and  sail  both 
helping  her  down  the  coast, 
slie  arrived  at  San  Bias  after 
a  journey  of  twenty-five  days. 
Here  Jones  paid  the  men  their 
wages,  and  also  allowed  them 
$625  for  what  he  had  taken 
from  the  sloop.  He  subse- 
quently obtained  a  profitable 
freight  for  Mazatlan,  and  on 
reaching  that  point  the  crew 
again  pressed  him  for  money. 
"Black  Dutch"  Albert  of 
Port  Townsend,  one  of  the  rescued,  claimed  $1,000  and  made  application  to  the  United  States  consul  to  h.ive 
the  steamer  seized  until  his  demand  was  acceded  to.  His  evidence  that  she  had  run  away  after  .seizure  was 
unsupported,  and  the  ves.sel  was  released  after  paying  the  men  During  tlie  difficulty  some  one  un.shipped  and 
secreted  the  rudder,  and,  becoming  disheartened  with  continued  annoyance,  Jones  sold  the  craft  to  the  Mexicans 
for  $10,000  and  returned  on  the  steamer /£>//«  /,.  Stephens  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  was  arrested  but  promptly 
discharged,  the  Court  holding  that  according  to  the  evidence  the  Jenny  Jones  had  not  left  the  marshal  but  the 
marshal  had  left  her.  On  this  decision  that  officer's  bondsmen  were  sued  for  $4,'ioo,  and  the  matter  dragged  Mlong 
in  the  courts  until  i86,S,  when  Captain  Jones  returned  to  the  Sound  and  was  tried  at  Steilacoom  and  acqniucil. 
The  engineer,  Charles  Hughes,  who  accompanied  him  on  the  trip,  was  also  arrested  and  released. 

Two  small  sternwheel  steamers  were  constructed  on  the  Sound  in  1864,  the  lilaek  Diamond  at  Seattle  iiid 
the  Pioneer  at  Olympia.  The  latter  was  only  about  sixty  feet  long  and  had  eight  by  twenty-four  inch  engines. 
Slie  was  owned  and  operated  by  Capt.  C.  Crosby,  but  was  afteward  jnirchased  by  I{.  L.  Finch.  She  never  went 
very  far  from  home,  but  in  i,S6,S  made  a  trip  to  Victoria  in  safety.  The  liliuk  Piamoiut  was  a  fiat-liottomed  l>oat 
of  twenty-eight  tons  register  built  i)y  Hill  &  Rabsen  a.-,  a  schooner,  but  was  afterward  fitted  with  machinery  and 
ran  for  a  long  time  in  the  Wliite  River  trade.  According  to  Capt.  Tom  Brennan,  "It  was  a  deep  water  voyage 
from  Seattle  to  Olympia,  and  when  Hill,  her  first  captain,  set  out  on  such  a  trip  he  went  round  to  bid  everybody 
in  town  good-liy."  Captain  Hill  continued  jobbing  about  the  Sound  with  the  vessel  for  several  years  and  fin, illy 
disposed  of  her  to  the  Tacoma  Mill  Company,  svlio  in  turn  sold  her  to  Captain  Gove  in  August,  1876.  Althouf^h 
slow  and  a  poorenrrier,  the  lilaek  Diamond  was  never  a  losing  investment.  She  w.is  about  .seventy  feet  in  leMi;th, 
and  her  power  consisted  of  a  pair  of  eight  by  thirty  inch  engines.  A  most  valued  addition  to  Puget  Sound's 
steam  fleet  in   1864  was  the  new  tug  Cvriis  Walker,  brought  up  from  San  Francisco  by  Capt.  A.  B.  Gove.     She 


Tut;  "CVKi-s  Walkkr' 


The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  Best  Days,  Many  Hew  Steamers  in  Paget  Sound  Waters       129 


lii 


CAiT.  William  (;(i\-k 


was  l)iiilt  ill  San  Francisco  in  1864  for  Pope  &  Talbot  and  Cyrus  Walker,  in  whose  employ  she  is  still  running, 

appan  :itly  good  for  several  years.     While  she  was  primarily  intended  for  towing,  she  frequently  ran  under  a 

passiui^LT  license,  as  the  scarcity  of  steamboats  during  the  early  days  of  her  existence  made  her  services  quite  a 

coiivcnioiice  to  people  living  off  the  routes  of  tlie  passenger  steamers,  in  localities  where  the  regular  duties  of  the 

Cyrus  U'd/h-r  frequently  carried  her.     She  was  a  sidewheeler,  and  at  the 

time  of  her  advent  was  considered  a  fine  boat ;    in  fact  she  retained  her 

pre.stij;>^  for  fully  twenty  years,  and  even  after  the  arrival  on  the  Sound  of 

the  niDilern  fleet  of  tugs  slie  held  her  own  remarkably  well.     The  H'alkcr 

and  till'  Goliah  are  owned  by  the  same  company,  and  when  the  former  has 

added  a  few  more  years  to  her  score  l)otli  of  tliese  old  gleaners  should  l)e 

carefully  preserved   as   curiosities.     Capt.    A.    H.  Gove    was   succeeded    in 

command  by  Capt.  William  Gove,"  who  had  been  mate   on  the  steamer. 

.\moiig   other   masters  who   handled    the   old  packet  were  I.ibby,   Kaker, 

and  the  two  Williamsons.     The  dimensions  of  the  steamer  are  :  letigth,  one 

hundred   and   twenty-eight    feet  ;    beam,   twenty-six   feet  ;   de])th    of  hold, 

eight  feet  three  inches.     With  the  Walker,  as  engineer,  came  George  W. 

Bullene,'"  a  man  who  was  afterward   prominently   identified  with   marine 

interests  and    for   twenty   years    United    States    Boiler   Inspector   for   the 

district  of  I'uget  Sound. 

The  Levialhaii,  which    had    left  Victoria   for  Ihe  Columbia  several 

years  before,  was  brought  back  in   1864  and  sold  to  the  Government;  and 

the  steamer  Diana,  which  Tom  Wright  made  famous,  was  making  occasional 

trips  in  and  out  of  the  harbor.     Ivsquimault  received  a  visit  in  May  from 

the  Ru.ssian  corvette  Hogalyre  en 
route  to  the  Russian  possessions  in 
Alaska.  The  British  Columbia 
pilots,  who  prior  to  this  time  pos- 
sessed very  poor  facilities  for  boarding 

vessels,  chartered  the  schooner  \'ieloria  Paeket  in  April:  and  the  Chnmielc, 
in  commenting  on  the  project,  said  :  "  Had  a  similar  craft  been  equipped 
and  manned  four  years  since,  at  least  half  a  million  dollars  would  have 
been  saved  to  the  colony,  to  say  nothing  of  the  unenviable  reputation 
our  water  approaches  have  attained  abroad."  The  schooner  A'oiipariel 
made  a  trip  to  the  codfish  banks  off  Oueen  Charlotte's  Island  and  met 
with  very  good  success,  beside  placing  herself  on  record  as  the  first 
vessel  in  the  Northwest  to  engage  in  this  business.  The  output  of  the 
Nanaimo  coal  mines  increased  so  rapidly  that  several  of  the  old  lumber 
droghers  found  it  profitable  to  enter  the  coal  trade.  Among  the  fleet 
thus  engaged  in  !.S64  were  the  barks  Fraiiris  Palmer  and  Plorida. 
which  carried  four  cargoes  each  to  San  Francisco  ;  bark  Sarita.  two  ; 
and  the  barks  Idiiil'riiige,  (hra>i  lihd,  Cieori^e  Wnshiiigloi  and  DeiiDiark, 
ships  Rosedale,  Lnmashire,  Saracen,  l.oekett  and  Dub/in,  and  the  brig 
IK  /5.  A'/rc,  one  cargo  each. 
On  the  ocean  routes  business  was  unusually  good  all  through  the  year.     The  Prollier  /inial/iaii  arrived  at 

Portland  on  her  first  trip  in  the  spring  with  seven  hundred  passengers,  and  the  MoUaday  line  was  doing  equally 

well,  the  Panama  carrying  over  five  hundred  jias.sengers  on  each  of  .several  trips.     In  June  \.\\c  John  I..  Stephens  1  the 

'  Ccipl.  \Villi:ini  Ciove,  who  ha.s  seen  more  tiiKlioat  service  on  I'liget  .Scninil  waters  tliaii  any  man  living,  was  horn  in  Maine  in 
iS;,4,  iiiiil  iollowed  tile  nsnal  course  of  marine  instrnetion  received  l>v  the  youtiR  men  of  tliat  section,  lie  went  to  sea  at  ;m  early 
atje  aiirl  after  many  crnises  arriveil  on  I'nKet  .Sonnd  in  iShs  as  mate  on  tlie  tn^'mal  Cyrus  ll'ii/iir.  He  was  socni  promoted  and 
served  as  master  of  tlie  Inn  nnlil  1S74,  wlien  he  took  conimanil  of  tlie  Favorite,  remaining  with  her  for  two  years,  at  which  lime 
lie  was  transferred  to  the  i'liiiiihi,  but  after  running  her  several  monllis.  and  making  a  few  trijis  on  llie  old  (^oliali,  returneil  to 
the  CyiKs  tl',iti-rr,  on  which  he  was  employeil  most  of  the  lime  until  the  /"ivv  was  liuilt,  of  wliicli  he  look  charge  in  1HS4,  and 
still  ()ccuj)ies  the  same  j)osilion.  During  his  long  career  on  the  Soniiil  he  has  witnessed  many  disasters  to  less  fortunate  vessels 
anil  lia>  furnished  relief  to  several,  but  has  never  yet  been  invi'lveil  in  any  serious  trouble  with  a  craft  in  liis  charge. 

Ctcorge  \V.  HuUene  was  born  in  New  York  in  1S22.  Ilis  father  was  a  ship  carpenter  ami  boat  bnililer.  M  the  ,ig?  of 
sfvcntcrii  the  young  inaii  went  to  New  York  to  learn  the  trade  of  mechanical  engineer,  ami  from  there  to  New  Orleans,  where 
lie  eiilisiiil  for  the  Mexican  War  and  served  two  years.  In  1.S4S  he  went  to  St.  I.onis  and  worked  on  the  river  nn'.ii  1S54, 
ifierwanl  foUmving  his  profession  iu  New  Orleans.  On  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  was  again  enrolled  in  the  army,  and  after 
l>ein;,'  wimiided  left  the  .service  and  went  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  arriving  in  San  I'ranci.sco  in  1.S64.  lie  at  once  fitted  out  the  Cy>i,s 
W,>lk,-i  and  look  her  to  the  .Sound,  but  sulise(|uently  returned  to  San  iMancisco.  He  was  engageil  in  i.S6,s  to  act  as  niiist!.r 
aieeliaiiii  for  the  Puget  Mill  Com])any  and  remained  with  them  until  1S6S,  when  he  accepted  a  similar  position  with  the  Port 
MailisoM  Mill  Company.  He  was  appointed  I'nited  States  boiler  Inspector  in  1S7;,,  and  tlie  same  year  opened  a  machine  shop 
ni  Sealtlc,  which  he  conducted  for  live  years,  and  then  returned  to  the  employ  of  the  Port  Mailison  Mill  Coiupanv,  remaini-ig 
inilil  iSS),  ai  which  lime  he  went  to  Tacoma  and  superintended  the  cnustructiou  of  a  mill  for  the  Tacoma  Mill  Comiiany.  •■•nd 
later  relmili  Simpson's  mill  on  Orav's  Harbor.  Ivxcepl  during  intervals  of  .a  few  ye.ars  he  has  held  his  posititni  as  inspector,  and.  has 
resiilcil  m  Seattle  conlinuouslv  since  1.SS5, 


I:;:!* 


i-.K    W      Hn.l.KNR 


■'t 


fill 


\     '     ra 


■5)" 


I'i 


i;    ■■        1:1 


l„:l 


M: 


!*       ll 


nw 


WW: 


130 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


.11 


largest  steamship  that  had  yet  attempted  the  navigation  of  the  Columbia)  visited  Portland.  Among  the  ocean 
steamers  running  to  the  Sound  ports  and  Victoria  were  the  Sierra  Nevada,  Oregon  and  Paeijic.  In  August,  (iwing 
to  low  water  and  obstructions  in  the  Willamette,  the  steamships  only  ran  as  far  up  as  the  mouth  of  the  river.  The 
citizens  of  Portland  took  up  a  subscription  and  cleared  out  the  snags,  but  were  satisfied,  however,  with  nuuii  less 
depth  of  water  than  they  require  at  the  present  time.  The  Oregoniiiii,  calling  attention  to  the  results 
obtained,  in  speaking  of  the  arrival  of  the  bark  Industry  said  :  "She  came  well  freighted,  and  under  the  skillful 
pilotage  of  Oilman  had  no  trouble  entering  the  Willamette,  drawing  twelve  feet."  Evidence  of  the  clum.sy 
devices  employed  in  unloading  ships  at  this  period  appears  in  a  statement  that  the  bark  Charles,  Devens  had  made 
a  great  improvement  in  the  method  of  hoisting  freight  from  the  hold,  which  was  accomplished  with  the  aid  of  a 
yoke  of  oxen,  a  cu.stoni  which  prevailed  until  the  advent  of  the  steam  windlass.  In  June  the  brig  Crimea  reached 
Portland  with  a  cargo  consisting  of  two  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  feet  of  redwood  from  Mendocino  County,  Cal., 
the  first  shipload  of  this  commodity  to  the  Northwest.  The  growth  of  the  marine  industry  was  not  confined  to 
steam  craft,  as  at  several  points  in  the  Xorthwe.st  substantial  sailing  vessels  were  con.structed,  the  mo.st  important 
of  which  were  the  schooner  Coldstream,  built  at  Alberni,  B.  C,  the  Passaic  at  Gray's  Bay,  and  the 
L.  B.  Hastings  at  Port  Townsend,  the  latter  ves.sel  plying  between  San  Franci.sco  and  Northern  ports.  The 
number  of  sloops  and  small  schooners  on  Puget  Sound  was  larger  than  ever  before,  and,  owing  to  the  high  rates 
charged  on  the  steamers,  the  lesser  craft  did  a  profitable  business.  On  the  Columbia  a  remarkably  fast  sloo]),  the 
Harvest  Queen,  in  cainmand  of  Capt.  Ned  Kerclien,  was  operated  between  Astoria  and  Cape  Hancock.  She  was  a 
San  Francisco  product,  and,  Capt.  George  Flavel  having  taken  a  fancy  to  her,  he  secured  the  vessel  for  use  on 
the  Columbia. 

Two  well  known  coasters  came  to  grief  in  1864,  the  barks  hvanowa  and  Ocean  Bird.  The  latter  first  visited 
the  Columbia  in  1S49,  in  command  of  Captain  Hall.  She  was  launched  at  Augusta,  Me.,  in  1847,  and  enrolled 
at  Astoria  in  1853.  She  .served  for  years  in  Abernethy  &  Clark's  packet  line  io  San  Francisco,  and  was  afterward 
sold  to  parties  on  the  .Sound.  She  left  Port  Madison  on  what  proved  to  be  her  last  voyage  March  19th  in  company 
with  the  bark  Rival.  Heavy  southwest  gales  were  encountered,  and  on  April  ,^d  the  vessel  capsi/.ed.  The  crew 
were  on  the  keel  six  hours  before  the  masts  finally  gave  way,  and  she  partly  righted.  The  cabin  and  forward 
hou.se  were  nii.ssing,  and  the  survivors  remained  on  the  wreck  from  Sunday  until  Friday  without  food  or  water. 
Tliey  were  rescued  by  the  steamship  Panama  when  almost  exhausted  and  taken  to  Astoria  and  Captain  Blake 
and  three  of  the  men  arrived  in  a  .serious  condition  from  the  e.xposure  to  the  inclement  weather.  The  worst 
disaster  of  the  season  was  the  loss  of  the  frcano-d'na  on  Vancouver  Island  in  November.  The  bark  left  Nisqually 
November  i8th  in  command  of  Captain  Mortage  with  lumber  for  San  Francisco.  .She  pa.s.sed  Cape  Flattery  light 
on  the  twenty-fourth  and  ran  into  heavy  gales  from  the  east,  which  started  her  to  leaking  so  badly  that  in  a 
comparatively  short  time  she  was  waterlogged  ;  and  while  in  this  condition  a  heavy  squall  threw  ler  on  her  beam 
ends,  carrying  away  the  masts  and  washing  three  sailors  overboard  to  death.  The  bark  subsequently  righteil  and 
drifted  to  the  North.  Four  days  later  she  struck  a  reef  near  Nootka  and  commenced  to  break  up.  Captain  Mortage 
and  six  men,  the  remainder  of  his  crew,  started  for  .shore  on  a  raft,  which  they  reached  after  the  loss  of  three  of  their 
number.  The  survivors  were  taken  to  Victoria  by  the  sloop  Leonede,  Captain  Francis.  The  schooner  Cornelia 
Terry,  owned  by  Ludlum  &  Co.  of  San  Francisco,  was  wrecked  on  the  bar  at  Vaquina  Bay,  October  i.^th,  while 
en  route  to  San  Francisco,  laden  with  oysters.  \'e.ssel  and  cargo  proved  a  total  loss,  but  the  crew  were  .saved.  The 
barkentine  /(7/;//V  Ford,  from  San  Francisco  for  Puget  Sound,  went  to  pieces  on  North  Head  soon  after  leaving;  the 
city.  January  2yth.  A  passenger  named  Osgood  lost  his  life,  but  Captain  McCarty  and  crew  reached  the  shore  in 
safety.  The  steamer  Mary  \Voodru/f\\a.i.\  her  upper  works  completely  destroyed  by  a  boiler  explosion  July  31st. 
while  towing  a  raft  on  the  .Sound,  about  eight  miles  from  Utsalady.  The  captain,  engineer  and  three  Indians  on 
board  escaped  without  serious  injury,  but  the  vessel  was  so  badly  damaged  that  it  was  necessary  to  practically 
rebuild  it.  The  trading  sloop  k'ing/islicr  of  Victoria  was  seized  by  the  Indians  near  Clayoquot  .Sound,  and  Captain 
Stephenson  and  three  of  the  crew  were  murdered  by  the  savages.  When  the  news  of  the  massacre  reached 
Victoria  H.  B.  M.  ship  .Sntlej  was  dispatched  to  the  scene  of  the  outrage  and  on  arrival  shelled  the  village  and 
captured  the  murderers. 


il 


TfS  (J*.  ff"- 


t^T^SC^^w^C^^^SF^^i 

Sul'fii* 

H 

'^}:^Kf\^^. 

CHAPTHR    VII. 

Loss  OF  TiiR  '■  Brothhr  Jonathan"  —  VVii.i.amktte  Stkam  Navioatidn  Company  —  Thk  Dai.i.es 
ScHooNKR  Navigation  Company-  '^i-position  on  the  Cowi.itz  Route — Steamships  "  Dei.  Xoktk" 
AND  "Orizaha" — Coi.i'MiiiA  River's  First  Bar  Tuc — Upper  Coi.i'mhia  Steamer  "Forty-nine" 
—  The  "Sir  James  Doit.i.as  "  —  The  Pirate  "Shenandoah"  —  Pihiet  Sdi-nu's  I.umher 
Interests— \Vki:ck  oi-  the  Hark  '  Indi.strv  "  -  Crew  op  the  '  Royai,  Charlie"  Murderei* 
iiv  THE  Northern  Inuians  —  The  "Shoshone"  LArNciiEi)  at  Fort  Boise  —Orec.on  and 
Montana  Transportation  Company — Stea.mi:rs  "Mary  Moohy,"  "Cahinet"  and  "  Misson.A  " 
—The  "Okanooan"  Brought  to  the  Middle  River -Cheiiai. is  Rinek  Steamer  "  Satsai.i.  " — 
The  "Josie  McNeai<"  on  I'uoet  Sound — British  Steamer  "Isahei." — Steamships  "  Fidei.ater" 
and  "  Constantine"  —  The  Russian-American  Tei.roraph  Company — Ship  "  Niohtinoai.e  " — 
Anchor  Line  Stea.mships  "Montana"  and  "Idaho"  —  The  "Continental"  and  the 
Mercer  CIiri.s — Steamship  "  Orii'lamme  " — Wreck  oi'  the  Steamship  "  Lahouchere  "  and 
Hark  "  Mauna  Kea." 

MOl'RXFl'L  talc  of  death  ami  disaster  darkened  the  pages  of  marine  history  in  1.S65,  and, 
with  the  single  exception  of  the  loss  of  the  steainship  Pacific  ten  years  latei,  no  snch 
terrible  calamity  has  ever  hajjpened  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  The  steamship  lUolhcr 
Jonathan,  well  known  on  all  of  the  routes  luirtli  of  San  F'ranci.sco,  struck  a  sunken  rock 
near  Crescent  City,  and  in  a  few  minutes  went  to  the  bottom  of  the  ocean  with  nearly  two 
hundred  people,  who  were  powerless  to  escape  from  the  doomed  vessel.  The  Ihother 
Jonalhau  was  built  in  New  York  in  1S52  for  the  Long  Island  Sound  trade,  but  was  sold 
on  completion  to  go  to  the  Pacific.  She  was  brought  around  by  Capt.  C.  H.  Baldwin, 
afterward  admiral  in  the  I'nited  .States  Navy,  with   Hiram  Sanford,  chief  engineer ;  L.  V. 

Hogelioom,  first  assistant ;   Dan 

Saltus,  second  assistant;   C.  .\.  , 

Low,    purser;    and    George 

Hutchinson,  first  officer.     After 

reaching  San  Francisco  she  was 

secured  by  \'anderbilt    for   his 

Nicaragua   line,  but   was   sub- 

seiiueiUly  disposed  of  to   John 

T.  Wright,  who  ran  her  North 

muler  the  name  Commodore 

mitil  i.S.sS,  at  which   time  she 

narrowly  escaped  sinking  with 

three  Iniiidred  and  fifty  ])assen- 

gers.     After   this  Wright   sold 

her    to    the    California    vSteara 

Navigation    C  o  m  p  a  n  y  ,    and 

under  llie   superintendence    of 

Capt.  A.   M.   Burns, •!■  her  new 


STKAMSIIir 


■  Kkoimkk  Jon  \  l  ii  \.n 


I'^ipl.  \.  M.  Hiirn.s,  wlio  lias 
«iin.s-ivl  llif  Krnwtli  iif  tlie.ste.iiiiliip 
tnisiiu-^s  1)11  the  I'licilu-  Co.-ist  from  its 

iiici'iitiiiii,  was  hnni  in  I'liiliulelphiii,  I'lmim.,  Ills  iiari'iils  ooiiiiii);  to  the  (jiiaker  City  from  tliu  Soutli  a  short  time  hefore  his  birth. 
He  ncL:aii  saihnjj  out  of  New  York  about  1S35,  coiitimiinj;  tliere  for  aliout  ten  years  ami  le.-iviiij;  soon  after  the  Mexican  War  to  ^n  to 
llie  Isiliiims  of  Panama,  where  he  took  eoniinanil  of  the  first  steamer  that  aseemlcil  the  Clia;;res  River,     lie  reinaincleil  at  Clia(,'res 


W\ 


p  -1 


\j 


:i  ii'M 


i  'I'll 


|! 


■li 


11 


3 


ija 


Lewis  cj  Drydens  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  IVorthwest 


t ' 


. 


:  ( 


owners  expended  several  thousand  dollars  in  rebuilding  and  refitting  her,  and  as  soon  as  they  had  settled 
their  differences  with  Ben  HoUaday  she  was  put  in  the  northern  trade  again.  In  the  few  years  prior  to 
1865  the  steamer  made  a  fortune  for  her  owners.  She  was  considered  a  very  fair  traveler  in  her  day  when 
not  too  deeply  loaded,  and  the  general  opinion  has  always  been  that,  had  she  not  l)een  overburdened,  the 
terrilile  fate  wliich  finally  overtook  her  would  have  been  averted.  For  months  preceding  her  departure  on  tlie  List 
trip  the  northern  business  had  been  exceedingly  heavy,  and  the  steamers  were  oliliged  to  leave  freight  bcliind 
for  lack  of  carrying  capacity.  This  state  of  affairs  existed  when  the  nrother  Jonathan  was  preparing  for  her 
fatal  voyage,  and  on  July  27th,  the  day  before  she  was  scheduled  to  sail,  her  master,  I)e  Wolf  endeavored 
to  induce  tlie  agent  to  stop  receiving  cargo,  warning  him  that  she  was  already  as  deeply  ladeTi  as  she  could 
run  with  safety,  even  without  the  large  number  of  passengers  expected.  The  official  who  was  acting  in  place  of 
Major  Samuel  liensley,  the  regular  agent  and  vice-president  of  the  company,  paid  no  attention  to  his 
remonstrances,  and  intimated  that,  if  the  captain  did  not  wish  to  take  the  steamer  out,  he  could  find  a  man  who 
would.  De  Wolf  said  no  more  at  the  time,  though  he  expressed  his  misgivings  to  a  friend  on  the  dock  -x  few 
minutes  before  sailing. 

At  noon  on  July  28th  the  steamer  swung  out  from  her  moorings  and  toiled  laboriously  through  the  Golden 
Gate,  the  people  on  board  little  thinking  that  they  were  bidding  farewell  forever,  not  only  to  California,  Imt  to 
the  earth,  which  few  of  them  would  ever  walk  again.  A  strong  head  wind  and  a  heavy  sea,  together  witli  the 
overburdened  condition  of  the  steamer,  made  progress  a  difficult  matter,  and  it  was  not  until  the  morning  of  tlio 
thirtieth  that  she  passed  Crescent  City,  scarcely  holding  her  own  in  the  heavy  gale  prevailing.     Captain  De  Wolf 

bravely  kept   her  on  the   course   until  one  o'clock,  when,  having 

reached  a  position  about  sixteen  miles  northwest  of  Crescent  City, 

'  and    realizing   the   futility  of  trying  to  proceed  until  the  we.ither 

improved,  he  determined  to  run  back  to  that  point  and  anchor 
The  steamer  was  put  about,  and  had  gone  five  or  six  miles,  when 
she  brought  up  suddenly  with  a  shock  that  threw  the  passengers 
off  their  feet.  At  this  time  the  unfortunate  ves.sel  was  about  e'ghl 
miles  west  of  I'oint  St.  George,  and  immediately  after  striking 
broken  pieces  of  the  keel  floated  up  alongside,  showing  that  the 
hull  had  received  .serious  injury.  The  only  member  of  the  crew 
.saved  who  was  in  a  position,  at  the  moment  of  the  acciden',  tn 
have  any  exact  knowledge  of  the  occurrence,  was  Jacob  Yates,  the 
quartermaster,  on  watch.  His  statement  is  as  follows:  "I  took 
the  wheel  at  twelve  o'clock.  A  northwest  gale  was  blowing,  and 
we  were  four  miles  above  I'oint  St.  George.  The  sea  was  numing 
mountain  high,  and  the  .ship  was  not  making  any  headway.  The 
captain  thought  it  best  to  turn  back  to  Crescent  City  anil  wait 
until  the  storm  had  cea.sed.  He  ordered  the  helm  hard  aport.  I 
obeyed,  and  it  steadied  her.  I  kept  due  east.  This  was  alxiut 
12:45.  When  we  made  Seal  Rock,  the  captain  said.  'Southeast  liv 
south.'  It  was  clear  where  we  were,  but  foggy  and  smoky  iiisliore. 
We  ran  till  1:50.  when  she  struck  with  great  force,  knocking  the 
passengers  down  and  starting  the  deck  planks.  The  captain 
stopped  and  backed  her.  but  could  not  move  the  vessel  an  inch.  She  rolled  about  five  minutes,  then  gave  a 
tremendous  thump,  and  part  of  the  keel  came  up  alongside.  Hy  that  time  the  wind  and  sea  had  sleweil  her 
around  until  her  head  came  to  the  sea,  and  she  worked  off  a  little.  Then  the  foremast  went  through  the  Imttoni 
until  the  yard  rested  on  the  deck.  Captain  De  Wolf  ordered  every  one  to  look  to  his  own  safety,  and  said  that 
he  would  do  th-  best  he  could  )r  all."  The  greatest  confusion  reigned  on  board.  The  steamer  was  poorly 
equipped  with  life-saving  apparatus,  and  the  helplessness  of  the  passengers  increased  when  the  nature  of  the 
injuries  received  became  apparent.  The  vessel  was  impaled  on  a  hidden  ledge,  and  a  jagged  point  had  pierced 
the  hull  and  held  her  so  that  all  efforts  to  back  off  were  futile.  The  sea  was  beating  heavily  on  the  port  quarter. 
and  the  vessel  veered  around  until  she  came  head  to  the  wind.  The  ob.struction  on  which  she  had  lodged  iiuist 
have  been  wedge-shaped,  as,  in  swinging,  the  bottom  of  the  ship  burst  open  and  the  foremast  slipped  down 
through  the  opening.  The  first  boat  was  launched  very  .soon  after  the  steamer  struck,  but  .so  many  scrambled 
into  it  that  it  was  capsized  immediately,  and  nearly  all  of  the  occupants  drowned  before  the  eyes  of  the -e  on 
board.     A  .second  boat  was  then  lowered,  but  before  it  had  quite  reached  the  water  was  swamped  by  the  careening 

as  aneiit  for  tlie  steainsliip  company  iiiitil  Marcli,  1S49,  when  lie  came  to  San  I'rancisco  anil  sliortly  afterward  comnieiiceil  ii;iinin); 
to  Nicaragua.  In  1.S52  and  1S51  lie  was  on  tlie  Porlland  and  San  Francisco  run  in  charge  of  the  stcanislii])S  Coliiiiibia  and  /'/  nionl. 
leaviiiK  tlic  northern  route  to  again  take  the  Nicaragua  steamers.  When  the  California  .Steam  Navig.ition  Company  pnrclia-id  the 
steamships  l\t<ilic  .and  Iholhir  Joiuithan,  Captain  Ihiriis  sunerintended  the  repairs  to  the  latter  steamer  and  alternately  conini  imW 
each  of  llieni  for  several  years,  retiring  from  the  water  early  in  1S67  after  a  long  and  successful  career,  during  a  jjeriod  wl^>  11  tlie 
greater  nunilier  of  the  steamship  men  of  the  present  generation  were  infants.  Since  retiring  from  the  water  Captain  Uui  .s  has 
resided  in  San  l'"rancisco  the  greater  part  of  the  time  and  at  present  is  engaged  ill  the  insurance  Imsiness  in  the  liay  City. 


C.M'T.    .\.    M.    HCRNS 


The  "Brother  Jonathan'  and  Other  Notable  Wrecks,  Steamboatiny  on  /ntfrior  Waters 


'33 


of  till.'  'Gainer.     The  third  mate,  Jatnes  Patterson,  was  in  bed  at  the  time  of  the  acrideiit,  but  made  liis  way  on 

deck  aN  i|iiicUly  as  jiossible,  and  about  fifteen  minutes  after  the  first  shock  succeeded  in  lowering  another  lioat,  in 

whicli  iie  placed  five  women  and  three  children  ;    but,  before  he  could  make   I'urther   efforts    in   behalf  of  the 

ilesiiainiiK  passengers,  ten  of  the  crew  jumiied  in,  loading  the  frail  craft  down  to  the  water's  edge,  and  it  seems 

almost  a  miracle  tliat  they  ever  reached  shore.  This  boat,  containing 
nineteen  souls,  arrived  at  Crescent  City  in  safely,  and  these  fortunate 
few  were  the  only  ones  who  survived  out  of  nearly  two  hundred  who 
had  left  the  Hay  City  a  few  days  before  full  of  life  and  hope  and  with 
no  thought  of  the  awful  death  in  store.  The  crew  of  the  lirotlur 
Jouiithan  was  as  follows:  Samuel  J.  I)e  Wolf,'  master;  W.  A.  H. 
Allen,  first  otTicer  ;  J.  I).  Campbell,  second  officer:  James  Patterson, 
third  officer;  John  S.  Heiiton,  purser;  Albert  Dwyer,  freight  clerk; 
lUijah  Mott,  chief  engineer;  O.  White,  first  assistant  engineer;  J. 
Francis,  second  assistant  engineer;  William  Anderson,  oiler;  A.  Col- 
lenburg,  Fred  Malers,  Arthur  Harvey,  William  I.owry,  J.  Thompson 
and  Patrick  I,ynn,  firemen  ;  John  Hilton,  John  (lorman  and  John 
Clinton,  coalpassers  ;  James  Perkins,  Jacob  Vates,  Joseph  I,.  Ooniez, 
H.  Walker,  G.  Frederick,  A.  (ion/els.  William  Penn,  I,.  Domingo, 
J.  Silva,  William  Foster,  Fied  Douglass,  James  Fowler,  seamen  ;  John 
Miller  and  D.  Deas,  pantrymen;  Thomas  Tierney,  porter:  H.  Miller, 
baker ;  C.  F.  Laurend,  watchman  ;  Charles  Rice,  Manuel  Herrlia, 
ICdward  Shields,  John  Hutton,  Ivdward  Franklin,  John  V..  Porter,  M. 
Salinas,  David  Farrell,  waiters;  .Stephen  Moran  and  John  W.  Welch, 
cabin  boys  ;  Jennings,  a  newsboy  :  Richard  Daulton  and  II.  O.  lirown, 
stewards  ;  Charles  Laws,  James  Laws  and  II.  Lee,  cooks  :  C.  Steven- 
son, stewardess ;  John  Hensley,  storekeeper ;  and  George  Church. 
Her  passengers  were  :  Brigadier-General  Wright,  V .  .S.  A.,  .Tud  wife, 
Lieut.    Iv.   D.   Waite.   V .  S.   A.,   Miss    Mary  Berry,  S.   Meyer,   David 

McHendle,  A.  L.  Styles  and  wife,  William  Logan  and  ;servant,  James 

Xesbit,  James  IC.  Trites,   M.   Crawford,  T.   Dawson,  Miss  i\Lary  Place,  ( 

.Mrs.  Sl.ickpole  and  two  children,  J.  Weil,  Mrs.  Anna  Craig,  Mrs.  Lee 

ami  infant.  Governor  .\.  C.   Henry,   L.  G.  Tuttle,   B.   H.   Stone,  wife         ■.  :- 

ami  child.  Captain  Chaddock,  II.  S.  A.,  Mrs.  John  C.  Keenan,  seven 

courtesans,  S.  B.  Morgan.  S.  N.   Lnckey,  wife  and  child.   Miss  Forbes, 

Henry  .Vbranis,   Fdward    Cardiff,  Charles   N.   Beklen,  Albert  Micklet, 

George  Wedekind,  James  Berton,  Thomas  Moyle  and  wife.  Miss  Ivliza 

Davis,  Mrs.  John    Charlton,   Daniel    Parrish,   Robert   M.   Frazer,  John 

R.   Craig,   William    Billinisky,    J.    S.    lienn,    Mrs.  Woodlock,  Conrad 

.\(lams,    I'rcd    A.    Pound,   Gilman    Clindruaid,  James   Lynch,   Dr.   A. 

Ingraliani,  l'.  S.  A.,  James   P.   Richards,   Victor   .Smith,    Miss    \{.    P. 

.Siiow,   James   Conuell,   J.   G.   Gay  and    wife.   Miss  X.  Shu.ser,   M.  L. 

Ikfroii,  deorge   W.   Pollock,  Charles    C.   Xorllirup,  J.  C.   Hunsacker, 

Mrs.  .\.  C.   Brooks,  Miss  Hensley,  William  Logan  and  wife,  D.  Cran- 

(lall,  Mrs.  C.  Fonntaini  and  two  children,  D.  C.  Powell,  wife  and  four 

children,  A.   A.  Stone,   wife  and  child,   Mrs.  J.   Stanford,   Mrs.  James 

Ohiircli.  Mrs.  Wendell  and  child,  two  Indians,  P.  Leffer,  J.  S.  Geddes, 

I!,  Matherson,   Mrs.   Lnckey  and    two   children.   M.ajor   V..    W.    Ivddy. 

r.   S.    .\  ,    G.    Canel.    Moses    Beiteer,    Joseph   Orzelli,    H.    Defimiie, 

George  \V.  Annis,  J.  Strong,  S.   P.  Craig,  Mary  A,  Tweedle,  Patrick 

Dwyer,  John  Adams,   R.  S.   Manly,   Henry  Abrams,  Thomas  Gullaii, 

C.  Bisiier,  and  Joseph  A.  Lord,  Wells,  Fargo  &  Company's  mes- 
senger.     The   boat  which  so  miraculously    reached    shore   carried    Mrs.   Martha    V,.    Wilder,    Mrs.  Mary   .\ini 


CaI'T.  S.ami'KI,  J.  UK  Woi.F 


l-;i,ij.vn  Mott 


'C 
1S22.     .\t 
Coast  UN 
Frtmouf 
service  li , 

'  I- 
as  first  .1.-- 
rimiiiii);  u 
of  his  di  .1 
Ho};ebo(n 
oil  atowli 
two  J^:ilr^ 


ijit.  .Siimuel  J   De  Wolf,  in  coiiiiiiainl  of  the  .steamsliip  Urolhfr  Joiialluiti  at  tlie  time  of  lier  loss,  was  horn  in  Nova  .Scotia  in 

llie  a^e  of  sixteen  he  l)egan  sailing;  lietween  New  York  and  Liverjiool,  lejn-inj,;  this  occupation  in  1.S49  to  j^o  to  the  raoific 

tirst  olTicer  of  the  ship  On:t'ar(/.     .\fter  his  arrival   he  coinmenceil  rnniiinj;  in  the  coasting  traile  as  master  ot   the  hrij; 

111  1S53  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  California  Steam  Navij^aiioii  CoiniKiny  anil  remained  almost  continuously  in  their 

'111  that  year  until  his  death. 

■'.lijali  Mott,  chief  enj^ineer  of  the  /h-other  Joitat/nvt  when  she  was  lost,  was  horn  in  New  York  in  i>S2,S,  and  came  to  California 
•i'.Unit  eiiHiueer  on  the  steamer  I'lrifif,  with  Kin^  as  chief.  He  was  one  of  the  most  poiwlar  and  hesl  known  engineers 
ml  of  San  Francisco,  and  had  been  in  the  California  Steam  Navigation  Company's  service  for  a  niiniber  of  years  at  the  lime 

til.  Trior  to  his  advent  on  the  Coast  he  ran  on  the  Hudson  River  as  second  assistant  on  the  steamer  /Ciiif<iit\  where  1..  Y. 
11,  the  well  known  marine  engineer,  was  with  him  for  a  short  time.  After  leavinj;  this  posilit)n  he  served  for  a  tew  months 
nit  ill  New  York  harbor  and  then  started  westward  on  the  I'ai'ific.     He  was  in  the  Stockton  line  out  of  .Sail  Francisco  about 

ijcfore  be  joined  the  Brother  Jonathan. 


■'  1-r 


if  I 


►  a*: ! 


:M 


m 


i ,  ,1 


'I 


i^^ 


i:'4'iii 


\   ■!':! 

.n; 

\  -'111 ! 

■!    ,  ill 

1 

;       .hi 

■    i|H 

■  t ; 

i    % 

i        ■-  1 

pi 

■■ 

wk*- ' . ! 

!™     Tlf    ' 

134 


Lewis  4  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacifio  Northwest 


I    ; 


Tweesdale,  Mrs.  Nina  Hcrnhardt  ami  child,  Mrs.  Martha  Stott  and  child,  a  Chinawoman  and  child,  and  tlio 
foUowinK  ineniber.s  of  the  crew  ;  James  I'atterson,  third  oflict-r  ;  David  Farrell,  stccrago  steward  ;  Henry  Miller 
baker  ;  Patrick  I.yini  and  William  I.owry,  firemen  ;  William  Iv.  Shields  and  Stei)hen  Moran,  waiters,  and  four 
colored  seamen. 

The  steamer  /V/  Xor/r,  Henry  Johnson,  captain,  Frederick  Uolle.s,'  first  officer,  was  dispatched  to  the  scene 
as  soon  as  the  news  was  received,  and  transported  the  few  snrvivors  to  San  Francisco,  taking  also  the  l)odies  which 
had  been  washed  ashore.  The  officers  of  the  ill-starred  steamer  met  death  with  a  heroism  which  was  grandly 
pathetic.  Surronnded  l)y  scores  of  anxions  passengers  who  pleaded  for  help  that  was  beyond  their  power  to  ({ive, 
they  spent  the  last  fleeting  moments  of  their  lives  in  trying  to  bnoy  np  the  hopes  of  those  who  stood  in  the  sli.idow 
of  certain  death,  endeavoring  to  make  them  believe  that  there  was  still  a  chance  to  escape.  Ue  Wolf  said  bnt  little. 
although  his  words  soon  after  the  ves.sel  strnck  were  carried  to  San  Francisco,  and,  like  a  voice  from  the  gravi, 
haunted  the  man  who  was  indirectly  responsible  for  the  disaster,  so  that  his  life  from  that  time  knew  nanglit  ol 
pleasure.  As  Patterson  was  leaving  with  his  boatload,  the  brave  Captain  gave  him  his  last  order.  "  Tell  tliciii, 
said  he,  "that  if  they  had  not  overloadeil  ns  we  would  have  got  through  all  right,  and  this  would  never  have 
happiMied."  James  Nesbit,  a  pioneer  newspaperman  of  San  Francisco,  one  of  the  unfortunates  who  remained 
with  the  vessel  until  she  made  her  final  plunge,  ])nlle(l  out  his  notebook,  sat  down  on  a  hatch  and  cahnly  wrote 
his  will,  which,  after  tying  in  a  small  package,  he  fastened  to  his  body  and  awaited  the  end.     The  document  was 

afterward  found  upon  his  body,  and  the  wording  of  it  and  the 
clearness  with  which  his  wishes  were  expres.sed  proves  that  the 
old  hero  met  his  fate  without  flinching. 

There  were  many  heartrending  scenes  as  the  steamer 
slowly  disappeared.  The  wife  of  Brigadier-General  Wright 
paid  for  her  devotion  with  her  life,  as  she  had  entered  the  boat 
in  which  the  survivors  escaped,  but,  on  observing  that  her 
husband  would  not  follow,  she  insisted  on  being  i)erniilted  to 
return  to  him,  and  clasped  in  his  arms  they  met  death  together. 
While  the  agonies  of  the  last  terrible  :noi".ents  were  such  as  to 
make  all  humanity  shudder,  yet  the  anguish,  which  was  soon 
over  with  the  poor  victims,  sped  to  the  homes  of  their  loved 
ones  and  left  a  cruel  wound  which  even  time  does  not  lieal. 
.\mong  scores  of  others  whose  hearts  were  saddened  by  the 
disaster  was  Capt.  X.  C.  Brooks  of  the  bark  Cambnili;i\  which 
had  just  arrived  at  Portland  from  Honolulu,  and  who  wa.s 
waiting  for  his  wife  and  children  to  join  the  ve.ssel  and  sail  for 
the  Islands  with  him.  They  perished  in  the  wreck,  as  also  did 
James  R.  Richards,  of  the  firm  of  Richards  &  .\[cCracken, 
who  was  on  his  way  to  Portland  to  meet  his  family,  then 
due  from  Honolulu  on  the  bark  Ehhidi;i\  Of  the  large  number 
lost,  less  than  .seventy- five  bodies  came  ashore,  and  many  ol 
these  were  not  identified.  About  forty  bloated  corpses  were 
recovered  near  Crescent  City  and  the  others  at  different  places 
between  Gold  Beach  BlnfF  and  Trinidad.  Among  tho.se 
recognized  were  :  General  Wright,  Chief  Engineer  Klijah  Mott,  William  Perkins,  E.  L.  Lonate,  Mr.  I.each, 
George  W.  Pollock,  George  Chad  wick,  Lieut.  Iv.  I).  Waite,  Charles  Law,  James  Nesbit,  A.  Dyer  (freight  clerk  I,  J.-.. les 
E.  Frites,  J.  Strong,  J.  L.  Anchoine,  James  R.  Richards,  Miss  Mary  Berry,  B.  Mather.son,  B.  H.  Stone,  Isaac 
Weil,  Mi.ss  N.  Shir.ser,  J.  S.  Benton  (purser),  Charles  H.  Beklen  and  Mr.  Millett.  The  Ihother  Jonathan  had  a 
considerable  sum  of  money  on  board  to  be  u.sed  in  paying  the  troops  in  the  Northwest,  and  from  this  fact  have  sprung 
a  great  number  of  wild  tales  of  fabulous  wealth  supposed  to  have  gone  to  the  bottom  with  the  ve.ssel.  In  some 
cases  the  amount  has  been  stated  as  over  a  million  dollars,  while  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  property  lost  by  the  wreck 
was  only  about  $251  ,000  all  told,  much  of  it  in  cargo  of  a  nature  which  contact  with  water  would  render  worthless. 
Nevertheless,  many  fcvppflitioii.s  have  been  undertaken  at  an  expen.se  of  much  time  and  money  in  the  endeav'ir  to 
ascertain  the  position  of  the  wreck  with  a  view  to  recovering  the  treasure,  and  hardly  a  year  passes  but  some  new 
story  is  given  the  public  to  the  effect  that  the  long-sought  steamer  has  finally  been  definitely  located  ;  but  iij)  to 
the  present  time  the  exact  resting-place  of  the  unfortunate  craft  still  remains  one  of  the  mysteries  of  the  deep 


j^^^^H^ 

"^  ' 

^Sg 

''i^SK^^m., 

HHpD 

^^^I^r  ^^ 

i^ 

Cait,  Fkkdkkick  Bullks 


■"Capt.  Frederick  Holies,  who  has  seen  more  years  of  continuous  service  in  the  steamship  lines  between  I'orlland  ai;- 
Francisco  than  any  man  now  running  north  from  the  Hay  City,  is  a  native  of  Warchani,  Mass.,  where  he  was  horn  in  i.S.|. 
IjCfjan  .sailing  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  while  a  mere  hoy  ami  continued  there  until  he  reached  the  position  of  nnitc,  in  which  cii| 
he  arrived  in  San  Francisco  in  1.S63  on  the  ship  Koiktighl,  leaving  her  to  take  a  sinnlar  berth  on  the  steamship  Oregon.  I 
rapidly  promoted,  and  in  a  short  time  was  nmde  captain  of  the  steamship  Del  Xoiii\  going  from  her  to  the  Cali/oinia,  I 
.-//'(;. r,  and  other  steamers  of  the  Northern  fleet.  In  1877  he  returnei'.  to  the  F)ast  and  brouglit  out  the  steamship  ^//r  <!/  (^  ■' 
going  back  again  on  a  like  mission  when  the  steamship  Columbia  was  completed.  While  Captain  Holies  has  always  been  for 
with  all  of  his  commands,  his  record  on  tlie  steamship  Coliitnhia  is  remarkable.  He  has  made  over  four  hnnilred  round  tri| 
her  between  Portland  and  San  Francisco,  and  in  nil  that  time  never  but  once  has  he  been  longer  than  one  night  at  sea  on  the 
trip  between  the  two  cities.  This  wonderful  regularity  has  caused  the  Co/uinlna  to  be  expected  on  schedule  time  with  a.- 
cerlaintv  as  a  railroad  train. 


.San 
Hi- 
ll licit; 
I L-  was 
Ucijii, 
:,-itc-i. 
mate 
-  witb 
down 
much 


The  "Brother  Jonathan'  and  Other  Notahh  \Nrvcks,  Sivamboatiny  on  Interior  Waters 


135 


'I'liere  was  no  diminution  in  the  tide  of  travel  which  had  been  steadily  drifting  to  the  North  since  the  I'raser 
Rivfi  iniiiiiiK  excitement  As  a  matter  of  course,  the  spasmodic  rush  that  is  always  a  feature  of  such  events  had 
been  pntially  eliminati-.i  from  the  transportation  problem  ;  l)Ut  business  was  still  ^ood,  and  people  who  had  found 
soiiKllinin  in  the  m  w  Northwest  beside  sold  that  flittered  communicated  the  fact  to  their  friends  in  the  I'iast,  and 
tlie  (K  velopnient  of  the  country  proceeded  in  a  maimer  more  lastiii);  and  beneficial  than  could  possibly  be 
acciiiiiplished  by  the  presence  of  the  yellow  metal  alone.  The  bulk  of  this  immigration  came  by  way  of  California, 
ami  tht  sleanisliips  of  the  Ilolladay  line  and  the  California  Steam  Navigation  Comi)any  were  taxed  to  their  utmost 
capacity,  anil  the  river  and  Sound  steamers  of  tile  Northwest  were  in  turn  kept  busy  dislri!)UtinK  the  iiic(jniing 
pas^iLiiiicrs  to  all  parts  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  liritish  Columliia.  Railroads  were  still  among  the  possibilities 
i)f  tla-  future,  and  steam  and  sailing  vessels  afforded  practically  the  only  means  of  oonveyaiue  between  civilization 
and  the  leniote  points.  I'reijminent  over  all  otiier  marine  oigani/.ations  which  nourished  at  this  jieriod  was  the 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  ;  their  hold  on  the  highway  to  the  upper  country  never  relaxed  for  an  instant, 
ami  every  attempt  at  opposition  was  nippe<l  in  the  bud  with  neatness  and  dispatch,  until  in  i.H6s  they  owned  or 
controlled  every  steamboat  on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  as  far  up  as  rortland  with  the  single  exception 
of  the  I'iUiiiif  '/'n>iif>.  Their  erstwhile  formidable  antagonist,  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  was 
coiiilucting  a  monopoly  on  the  Willamette  on  much  the  same  lines,  but  with  less  success.  In  fact  so  many  rival 
sclieiiies  prevented  the  accumulation  of  a  surplus  that  not  until  the  fall  of  i  sos,  three  years  after  organization,  were 
they  enabled  to  declare  a  ten  per  cent  dividend,  which  had  hardly  been  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  stockholders 
liufore  a  new  factor  in  the  struggle  appeared  in  a  competitor  called  the  Willamette  Steam  Navigation  Com])any, 
whicli  was  incorporated  in  October,  1.S65,  with  the  following  ofllcers  :  I).  W.  liurnside,  president  ;  A.  I,.  Kovejoy, 
vice-i)resident ;  J.  T.  Apperson,  .secretary.  The  steamers  .  liiivc  and  .lltit  were  constructed,  and  they  controlled 
the  lulto  and  one  or  two  others,  but,  like  their  predecessors,  soon  sold  out  to  the  People's  Transportation 
Company,  and  all  was  quiet  on  the  Willamette  for  a  short  time.  The  .L'crl  was  built  at  Oswego  in  1865  by 
l'ac{|iiet  iS;  Hrown,  was  launched  December  8th,  but  did  not  make  her  trial  trip  until  January  18,  1860.  Her 
olficers  were  :  James  Strang,  captain  ;  Ivdward  Fellows,  engineer  ;  II.  H.  Johnson,  purser  ;  Jerry  Driscoll,  mate. 
She  was  intended  for  the  Portland  end  of  the  Willamette  Steam  Navigation  Company's  Hue,  and  began  running 
to  Oregon  City  as  soon  as  completed.  Ca|)t.  !•!.  W.  Haugliman  took  command  after  the  change  of  ownership  and 
ran  her  until  1868,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  Joseph  Kellogg  aiul  Captain  Pease.  She  continued  on  the 
river  until  1871,  when  she  was  condemned.  Peter  Ue  Huff  was  engineer  for  a  considerable  length  of  time.  The 
.//(';/  was  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  with  engines  sixteen  and 
a  half  by  sixty  inches.  The  Adivf  was  built  at  Canemali  and  on  completion  was  commanded  by  one  of  her  owners, 
Ca|it.  John  T.  Apperson,  but,  with  the  transfer  to  the  People's  Transportation 
Company  the  following  year,  she  was  put  in  charge  of  Capt.  George  Jerome,  and  a 
few  years  later  Capt.  George  Pease  took  the  helm.  The  ./<//;■(  was  one  hundred 
and  twenty-one  feet  long,  twenty-three  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  .seven  inches  hold. 
The  steamer  /uho  was  also  built  at  Caneniah,  and  her  enrollment  shows  that  she 
was  owned  by  A.  P.  Aiikeny  and  John  Gates.  She  was  launched  May  22(1  and 
made  her  trial  trip  July  27th  in  command  of  Capt.  Miles  i'ell  '  in  the  service  of  the 
Willamette  Steam  Navigation  Company.  The  /■'.<lio  was  ur<e  hundred  and  twenty- 
iwo  feet  long,  with  twenty-five  feet  beam  and  four  feet  hild.  Captain  Cochran 
.•iiiccee<Ied  Hell  as  master,  and  Pea.se  and  .Sebastian  Miller  also  handled  her  for  a  while. 

The  People's  Transportation  Company  further  reinlorced  their  tleet  with  the 
I'luniie  /'alloii,  which  was  the  successor  of  the  old  Oiiwniii,  and  was  launched  at 
Caneniah,  August  25,  1865.  Capt.  George  Jerome  took  charge  of  the  steamer,  and. 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  years  when  she  was  commanded  by  Captains  Pease  and 
J.  I).  Miller,  renuiined  with  her  until  she  finally  wore  out.  She  was  of  very  light 
draft,  drawing  only  fifteen  inches  without  a  load,  and  did  a  very  good  business  on 
the  upper  river.  In  1S74  she  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Oregon  Steamship  Company,  in  1879  into  the  Oregon 
Sleam  Navigation  Company's  fleet,  and  in  August,  iH.Su,  was  stripped  and  converted  into  a  barge.  Her 
(linieiisions  were  :  length,  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  feel  ;  beam,  twenty-six  feet  six  inches  ;  depth  of  hold,  four 
feet.  The  officers  of  the  People's  Tran.sportation  Company  elected  at  Salem  in  October  were  :  A.  A.  MiCnlly, 
|iresideiit ;  T.  McK.  Patton,  secretary  ;  George  A.  Pease,  Jo.seph  Kellogg,  Iv  N.  Cooke  and  I,.  V..  Pratt,  diieelors. 
A  cluiiige  was  also  made  in  1865  in  the  directorate  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company.  J.  S.  Ruckel 
resigning  as  president  and  S.  G.  Reed  taking  his  jjosition,  with  R.  R.  Thompson,  vice-president;  Theodoie  Wygant. 
secretary;  W.  S.  Uadd  and  1).  F.  Bradford,  directors.  The  new  CiticnJis.  which  had  arrived  from  the  Sound  to 
run  as  ,ui  opposition  steamer  on  the  Cascade  route,  was  added  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  s  fleet, 
and  was  put  in  corami.ssion  in  command  of  Capt.  John  Wolf  making  daily  round  trijis.  occasionally  giving  place 

Capt.  Miles  Bell,  one  of  llie  oldest  Willamette  River  steamlioatnieii  now  living,  hefjan  sleanitioalinn  in  llie  latlcr  (larl  ol  the 
mtit"-.  Mini  has  followeil  the  fortunes  of  nearly  every  Iraiisporlalion  company  that  ran  from  I'orthinil   to  the  upper  WillameltP,  anil 

''"*  ' nianded  most   of  tlie  steamers  on    tlial   stream.      He  remained   with    the   I'eople's  Transportation   Company  and    their 

succoMirs,  Ik-n  HoUaday  and   the  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navigation  Com])any,  niitil   tlie  Oregon  I'aeifie  entered   the   field,  when   lie 
served  lor  a  few  years  on  their  steamers,  and  has  since  run  occasionally  on  various  other  boats  out  of  Portland. 


CAI'I  .    T..    Iv.    I'M  AIT 


'.r 


1      «: 


'M     :;;.M,jni 


\  \ 


m 


¥ 


■  i 


ill 


136 


Lvwis  <J  Drydon'a  Marine  History  of  thv  Pacific  Northwust 


to  till;  Wilson  (i.  Iftiiil  or  the  New  W'otU.  On  the  upin-r  river,  W.  D.  HIki'Iow,  who  Imd  tried  eoinpetitioii  witli 
the  steamer  ( V7//ii  tile  preeediiin;  year,  organized  The  Dulles  Si'hooner  Navijjnlioii  Coiiipiuiy.  and,  with  Caiitain 
Drew,  operated  the  schooners  A'li/iu/s,  PincTiranif  and  Ml.  IIihhI  advertising  freight  at  reduced  rates  to  IJni.ililla, 
Wallula,  I'alouse  ami  I.evvistoii,  with  "  passeiijjers  carried  at  nf'''  rates.  "  The  Irallic  by  this  lint  was  not  Ik  , ivy, 
and  the  ster  ners  liiiiiio.  Captain  Coe,  and  Ou ylin-,  Captain  Felton,  I'ounil  plenty  of  work  cai  ryinn  both  Ireinlii  and 
passengers.  The  Coloni-I  ll'iixlil.  in  command  of  Capt.  Thomas  Stump,  whom  .Ainsworth  had  liron^lil  up  IrDin 
San  Francisco,  made  an  attempt  to  go  u])  through  Snake  River  Canyon,  liul  after  steaming  several  days,  and  gillinj; 
about  .seventy  miles  farther  inland  than  any  steamer  had  yet  penetrated,  gave  up  the  trial  and  returned  to  Lewiston 
Ivarly  in  the  year  there  was  considerable  rivalry  on  the  Cowlitz  and  Astoria  routes,  and  when  the  On^jon 
Steam  Navigation  Company  began  to  make  it  trojiical  for  Captain  Olsen  and  his  associates  of  the  MonticclKi  \ 
Cowlitz  Landing  Steamboat  Company,  they  retaliated  by  seiuliiig  the  new  steamer /wwv/i  to  the  Cascade  luiui. 
This  small  steamboat  war  was  endeil  in  the  usual  manner  by  Captain  Ainsworth  buying  the  steamers,  and  lakiiit; 
in  the  /('//«  //.  Coiuli,  in  which  the  same  people  were  interested,  at  that  time.  The  Coi/i/i  was  contituied  on 
the  route  to  Astoria,  with  Van  Hergeii,  master,  and  Richard  Hoyt, ')iur.ser,  and  \hu  /iilld,  which  luul  been  runnitu; 
in  opposition,  was  hauled  olT.  Ileside  the  new  steamers  y;V//(i,  .//(■/•/and  .lilin-,  launched  on  the  Willamette,  a 
new  propeller,  the  / '.  .V.  (Irani,  was  built  at  lirooklyn.  a  suburb  of  ICast  Portland,  for  the  lower  river  trade,  in 
iS(>5,  by  Clinton  Kelly,   "  farmer,"   as  the  records  attest,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  Capt.  J.  W .  Kerii.     Slit 

was  advertised  to  make  regular  trii)s  between  Astoria  and  Haker's 
Bay,  and  to  tow  vessels  over  the  Columbia  River  bar  in  calm  weather. 
In  1H66  she  was  still  in  the  jobbing  business  during  most  of  the  year, 
but  was  chartered  for  a  short  time  by  Captain  Ankeiiy  to  run  to 
Oregon  City  in  connection  with  the  AV/zc  on  the  upper  Willatiatte. 
Captain  Kern  bought  the  steamer  soon  after  her  completion,  and  sold 
her  in  the  fall  of  i.SO;  to  go  to  the  S  'id  to  run  as  an  opposition  buat 
on  the  N'ictoria  route;  but  the  .scln  e  failed  to  materialize,  and  she 
was  purchased  in  March,  i8d,S,  by  Capt.  J.  H.  1).  Gray,  who  repaired 
her  and  in  May  commenced  to  operate  her  between  Astoria  and  Ilw;ico 
as  the  pioneer  in  a  trade  which  has  since  grown  to  large  proportiims. 
She  continued  on  this  route  in  coiiimand  of  Captains  J.  II.  I>.  ami  \V. 
P.  Gray  until  December,  1871,  when  she  was  wrecked  at  Fort  Caiihy 
during  a  heavy  gale  (see  wreck  of  L^.  S.  GranI,  1871). 

The  pioneer  l'Mgli\  owned  and  operated  in  1H65  by  Capt.  J  Ii. 
Tackaberry  and  Kngineer  George  Ham,''  was  in  the  towing  business  iin 
the  Willamette  and  Columbia,  and  a  number  of  other  small  steai.icrs 
were  jobbing  on  the  two  rivers,  among  them  being  the  I  .oval  Elhia'rlh 
and  the  W'ibfool  No.  2.  a  small  propeller  run  by  Cajit.  James  Fisher. 
A  coinmodious  steam  ferry  much  larger  than  anything  which  had  yet 
appeared  was  placed  on  the  Willamette  River  and  bore  the  iiaiiie 
Portland  No.  i.  She  was  a  .square  l)uilt  craft,  one  liuiidred  ami  onu 
feet  long  by  forty  feet  beam,  and  was  built  at  Westport  for  Joseph 
Knott,  with  Capt.  S.  S.  Douglass,"  master.     As  originally  planned,  the 


.jAi'T.  Richard  IUivt,  Jh 


'Capt.  Ricliaril  Hoyt,  Jr.,  who  was  piirneron  tlie  Comh  willi  Van  Herfjeii,  is  a  son  of  the  pioneer  Ciiptaiii  Hoyt,  niidt-r  wliose 
tntorsliip  he  leariieil  tlie  an  of  sU'aiMl)oatiiiK  on  llie  old  Miiltiioniiih.  lie  was  horn  in  .Mliany,  X.  V.,  in  1.S47,  ami  willi  his  parciils 
cattle  to  Oregon  when  lint  a  eliilil.  After  luaviiiK  the  Miilliioniah  he  served  as  pnrser  on  the  various  Oregon  .Sleatii  Navi>;:ilinn 
Company's  lioats  until  1H67,  when  lie  was  j<ranted  a  inasler's  license  anil  eoininem-ed  rnniiiiiK  slvaim-rs  on  the  .\sloria  mute, 
eoiitiiiuiiiK  in  this  trade  with  the  Ore«on  Steam  Navigation  Conipatiy  until  1S76,  when  he  hegaii  to  i)ilMt  ilvep-water  vessels  lieluiea 
Portland  and  .-Vsloria.  .\fler  three  years  of  this  oocupaliou  he  relumed  to  the  ooinpany  and  remaineil  with  them  and  lliiir 
successors,  the  Oregon  Railway  ^i  Navigation  Cotupanv,  until  1884,  while  in  their  employ  having,  at  dilfcreiit  tiims,  cominaiiilcil 
nearly  all  of  tlivir  passenger  steamers.  In  1.S84  he  again  engaged  in  piloting  on  the  river,  where  he  reinained  until  alioiit  Wvv  \i.\r\ 
ago,  when  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Government  in  connection  with  river  iniproveinents,  his  long  service  011  the  Willamette-  ami 
Colnniliia  jieculiarly  fitting  him  for  this  work.  Ilis  elTorts  in  this  direction  have  lieeii  valuahle  to  tlie  Port  of  Portland  CotniniMDii 
in  their  ]>urpose  to  estahlish  a  Iweiityhve-foot  channel  to  the  sea.  Captain  Hoyt  is  still  a  resident  of  the  Oregon  metroiiolis  ami  is 
without  donht  the  youngest  "  pioneer  "  mariner  on  the  river. 

"George  Ham,  at  iiresent  of  Ham,  Nickntn  S:  Co.,  Portland,  Or.,  was  horn  ill  Illinois  in  iS^6  and  liegau  sleamhoating  in  ilip 
Northwest  as  master  of  the  littk  iron  propeller  Juii;h\  with  J.  I).  Tackaherry  as  engineer.  He  continued  rnniiing  on  her  until 
1S69.  when  she  was  sold,  and,  in  partnership  with  Tackaherry,  hnilt  the  propeller  H'c/i/oo/  and  o]ierated  her  iu  the  towing  liiisiiuss 
for  ahout  ten  years.  In  1872,  when  the  firm  of  Hani,  Taylor  I't  Co.  was  formed  and  the  steatuer  l/i'ii  llolliulay  purchased,  Captiiiii 
Hani  look  coiiiniand  and  ran  her  until  the  machinery  was  removed  ami  the  l\'ii.i//ii  complete.l.  He  then  managed  the  latter  steamer 
until  she  was  hnrueil  in  .\ngnsl,  1890.     The  sleaitiers  A'liillfr  and  h't/mtii  were  also  constructed  In  I  Iain,  Tiiylor  S:  Co. 

'Capt.  .Samuel  S.  Diniglass  is  a  native  of  New  York  and  has  lieen  connected  with  marine  husiness  on  the  Colnmhi.i  unl 
Willamette  rivers  at  intervals  tor  nearly  forty  years.  With  his  father  he  was  engaged  for  many  years  in  the  ferry  service  on  the 
Willanietle  River.  After  retiring  from  this  work  he  joined  forces  with  Captain  West  at  Westport  and  hnilt  ilie  well  kin'im 
steamer  hearing  the  name  of  the  town.  Captain  Douglass  was  in  coniniatid  of  the  steamer  and  ran  her  in  the  jolihiug  and  excai-inn 
trade  out  of  Portland  for  many  years.  Her  eipiipment  was  novel  in  maiiv  respects,  and  among  other  conveniences  which  her 
master  provideil  was  a  system  of  levers  and  rods  hy  which  the  engines  could  lie  handled  from  the  pilot-house  hy  the  man  , it  ilic 
wheel.  The  last  work  of  the  steamer  in  the  hands  of  Douglass  was  as  a  hunling-hoat  running  hetween  Portland  and  the  game  ri-orls 
of  the  lower  Colunihia.  .\  few  years  ago  the  Captain  retired  from  the  water  to  devote  his  time  to  the  art  of  taxidermy,  iu  which  lie 
is  an  expert.  His  hrotlier  John  Douglass,  who  was  with  him  on  the  ferries,  and  afterward  011  the  U'lSipoit,  is  still  engined 
on  the  river  as  an  engineer. 


Thf  "tSrothir  Jonnthiin"  and  Otlur  Nol:ilili'  Wrrcks,  Stvnmbniting  on  Intoriar  W:)ti'ra 


i.U 


lidal  u  I' piilli"'' ncoMd  the  riviT  by  n  cnl>lc  wouml  nroinul  a  pair  of  his  "<lruiiis"  Ww  lift  in  diaiiii'tiT.  Iml  lliis 
afttru  inl  K"^'^"  ^^'"V  '"  ^''''■'  wlii'i'ls,  lltT  I'lijjiiics  were  ciKlit  and  oir'  half  l)y  LM^Iiti'i'ti  ini-lii"*,  ami  slic  loiild 
lrall^|'|  ii  sixteen  teams  nt  one  trip.     Knott  .sold  the  I'erry  Oecenilier  i.st  to  W.  S.  I, add,  K.  M.  Hiirton.  S.  N. 

Arri|;(>ni  and  Col.  A,  1*.  Dennison  fur  5.VV(hh>.  I'Ut  it  was  afterward 
re|nirelia.sed    1)      the    Knotts,  and    rnn    by  Cajitains   Sam    and    John 
,'wi"'-  Doutilass  for  several  years.     The  steamship  /*(/  A'c/A,  a  I'aeilie  Coast 

product,  was  added  to  Hen  Ilolladay's  line,  and  is  s.iid  to  liave  been 
the  first  oeean  steanishi|)  of  any  prouiinenee  l)uilt  in  San  l''r;mciseo. 
She  ran  north  in  coniiection  with  the  Otffiou  and  other  old  steamers, 
while  the  California  Steam  Navij-ation  Company  was  operatin^{  the 
steanishi))s  Aiiixr,  Cai)laiii  Tliorn,"  the  thialui,  Captain  Hums,  and 
the  llrolhir  JotHitlian,  Captain  De  Wolf.  The  /'//  .Wnt,-  was  launched 
in  San  Krancisco  in  January,  i,S'i,s.  unci  contained  the  en;;ines  of  the 
old  steamship  Kipubtii.  Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  one  hundred 
and  ninety  feet  ;  beam,  forty  feet ;  depth  of  hold,  seventeen  feet.  She 
ran  on  the  Northern  route  in  command  of  Captains  Johnson,  Faunt- 
leroy  and  Winsor.  and  for  a  short  time  in  hSdy  was  in  the  Coos  May 
trade.  In  October,  iH6,S,  rii  iviili-  from  Xanaimo  to  \'ictoria.  she 
struck  a  reef  and  became  a  total  loss  (see  wreck  of  Pel  A'i»/i\  i.Sd.S). 
The  .Ic/i'zr  ran  for  a  few  months  in  i.siis  between  N'ictorin  and 
Portland,  connecting  with  the  Orhaba,  and  on  one  of  these  trips  was 
seized  by  the  Clovernnient  for  an  alleged  infraction  of  the  law  by 
discharging  freight  on  board  the  On'-n/ui  in  the  stream.  The  steamer 
and  her  master.  Thorn,  and  Melville  Ivrskiiie,  first  oflicer,  were  put 
under  bonds,  but  on  making  a  proper  e.xphinalioM  were  released. 
The  steamship  ('/•/;((*«  was  built  at  New  York  in   iH~,.\  and  came  to 


CAIT.  SAMI'IJ.  S.    IIOflll.AHH 


the  Pacific  the  following  year,  and  made  a  few  trips  at  this  time  on  the 
N'ortluin  route,  but  afterward  ran  to  Panama  and  China.  After  a  long 
[leriixl  I  rest  at  Ikiiicia,  she  was  .sold  in  the  spring  of  1.S65  by  the  Pacific 
A''\  '..  ipruiy  to  the  California  .Steam  Navigation  Company  for  $6u,ooo, 
and  with  Captain  De  Wolf  in  charge  made  her  first  trip  to  Portland, 
arriviiin  May  12th.  On  her  return  to  San  Francisco,  Captain  Hums 
siiccceiled  De  Wolf,  who  went  to  his  death  on  the  lirothei  /onatliiin.  In 
isdfi  the  ()ri:iihi  ran  north  at  reduced  rates,  carrying  i)assengers  for  Sio 
ami  >,?,  and  continued  in  this  trade  for  several  months,  leaving  it  to  go 
■^iiiilli  Iriini  San  Francisco.  In  1S77  she  again  went  north,  with  Henry 
Jolmsoii,  captain,  and  Henry  I.ampman,'' engineer,  and  in  i.s.Si  was  running 
to  the  Sound  with  Captain  Alexandei  in  command  and  I.ampman  still  at 
the  throttle.  She  was  becoming  tender,  though,  and  in  1.S87  was  broken 
up  ill  San  Francisco.  The  Ihiutbti  was  two  hundred  and  forty  six  feet 
Ion;;,  Ihirty-five  feet  beam,  and  eighteen  feet  hold. 

.\ii  important  event  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  in  i,S65  was  the 
arrival  of  the  steam  tug  Rabboni,  and,  though  she  was  far  from  a  success 
finaiK-ially,  her  work  demonstrated  that  the  time  was  coming  when  tugs 


C.\i'r.  Cll  \Ki  i:h  'I'HOKN 


Capt  Cliarlt's  Tliorii  was  born  ill  ("iluii  Cuvu,  N.  V.,  in  iSib,  and  liad  lii.s  lirst  marine  expcni'iu'e  mi  I.oiin  Isl.iiul  Sociiiil.  .\t 
llie  .ii;t'  lit'  t'i^lueen  he  was  master  of  Ihc  slooji  /</■/  (if  New  Kot'lielle  ami  ran  lier  fur  three  yuars,  wlicii  lie  lifi-aiiif  the  owikt  of 
.1  VLs«.|  While  slill  a  youii);  man  lit' liHUKlit  a  schooner,  wliicli  he  operali'il  in  tlie  Cnha  fruit  Irailf.  In  iS.)i|  lie  was  Dlfereil  the 
I'omin.iiiil  lit  the  /(';«.  /.  /V<;«'  anil  went  to  Panama  to  join  her.  lie  remained  there  ei^ht  months  umler  cmitract.  ami  as  the 
>teaiiiiriliil  not  appear  lie  shipped  for  San  I'rancisco  as  mate  on  the  hark  I'liilina  and  on  arrival  eiiKaK^d  in  steanilioalinn  on  the 
SaciaimMilo  Kiver.  He  next  made  a  trip  south  in  a  sailing  vessel,  eaiiie  hack  from  ranama  as  lirst  ollicer  on  the  steamship  Ciiiixi/ 
U'tiiii'i.  and  then  inirchased  the  steamer  /^v/wv  Li/ttf  and  operated  her  with  the  (it'fit'fti/  li''t-/>i-r  in  opposition  to  the  Calilornia  .Steam 
Navin^liiiii  Company  nntil  they  houKhi  him  out.  He  afterward  ran  another  steamer  in  eoinpelition  with  thciii.  hnt  finallv 
coiiipriiiiiised  and  entered  their  employ,  where  he  remained  ei^;liteeii  years.  With  the  steamer  .Utivt'  he  hamlled  the  first  mall 
coiilr. lit  (111  the  Victoria  route,  until  the  advent  of  the  Ilrilisli  steamer /,iiAi)«(/;('(v.  and  received  a  line  siihsidy.  .After  leaving  the 
L'alifiiniia  Steam  Navigation  Com|)any  he  was  in  Ilolladay's  service  and  coiitiiiued  on  the  Northern  routes  with  the  Pacific  .Mail 
Coiiip.iiiy  and  Coodall,  .Nelson  S:  Co.,  Ilolladay's  successors,  running  at  ditTerenl  times  the  I'aiijic,  Oii/iaimiif,  Mitiiliina,  Iilalio,  and 
other  steamers.     Captain  Thorn  retired  from  active  life  on  t)ie  water  several  years  a^o. 

'Henry  I,aiii]>nian  was  lioru  in  New  York  in  1829,  served  his  apprenticeship  as  an  eiij-ineer  in  New  \drk  City,  and  left  in 
lS5o\viili  hfty  other  young  men  hound  for  California  on  the  ^fomaiiii'.  On  arriviu);  at  Sacramento  the  hark  was  sold,  and  all  hands 
went  tn  the  luiues,  I,ampnian  returned  in  a  few  months  ami  joined  the  old  sidewlieel  steampship  Iiuti'pi'iuh'utt'  as  oiler,  reniainin^ 
with  Ik  r  until  she  was  lo.sl  on  her  second  trip,  when  he,  with  several  others  of  the  survivors  who  had  reaclieil  Marguerite  Island,  was 
brouj;lil  hack  to  San  I'rancisco  liy  a  whaler.  His  next  venture  was  with  the  Harrison  line,  where  he  ran  as  third  assistant  on  the 
steaiiisliii)  ('title  Sam  on  the  Nicaragua  route  during  the  (ilihusterin^  jieriod.  He  was  ne.xt  second  assistant  and  chief  on  the 
steaniiTs  ( 'oiif:  and  Shna  .Vi-icii/a  for  ahout  six  years  and  then  for  four  years  on  the  steatnsliip  A'/  A'lii  /<•.  He  also  ran  North  on 
i\\^Oyifhinitnt'  for  two  seasons.  He  suhseipiently  returned  to  the  sontliern  trade,  where  he  served  aschief  of  the  (h  iziihti  for  fourteen 
years,  K'ii'K  back  to  the  northern  routes  ajjaiu  on  the  steamship  Stale  of  Cali/ornia  on  which  he  remained  a  few  monlhs,  then 
acceiiliiiK  a  position  on  the  steamship  Qinin  of  the  I'aeifie,  in  eouiniission  on  the  same  waters,  which  he  held  for  nearly  eight  years, 
and  w.ts  suhsequenlly  transferred  to  the  Santa  KosOt  where  lie  still  i)lies  his  vocation. 


138 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


\  .■ 


SiKAMBilll'   "OKI/.AIIA' 


would  become  a  necessity  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  She  was  launched  in  San  Francisco,  April  cjth,  and  arrived 
!.\  Portland,  July  29th,  in  command  of  her  principal  owner,  Capt.  Paul  Corno,  calling  at  Coos  Bay  on  the  way  up 
and  securing  a  three  months'  supply  of  coal  and  eighteen  thousand  feet  of  lumber.     Her  first  low,  the  schooner 

.Mfred  Crosby,  which  had  sailed  over 
the  bar  en  route  from  \Mctoria  and 
lad  dropped  anchor  well  inside,  was 
captured  August  3d.  A  week  later 
the  tug  brought  in  the  bark  Almatia, 
the  first  vessel  taken  into  the  river  by 
a  regular  tugboat.  The  Rabboui  was 
a  good  tug  for  her  day,  and  a  great 
effort  was  made  to  keep  her  on  tlie 
Columbia.  With  this  object  in  view 
Pilot  Commissioners  Taylor  and 
Ketchum  revoked  the  licen.ses  of  all 
pilots  except  those  on  the  tug.  and,  in 
accordance  with  an  Act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, allowed  them  half  pilotage  for 
speaking  the  ocean  steamers.  The 
pilots  who  had  been  braving  the 
dangers  of  the  bar  for  so  many  years 
before  her  arrival,  and  now  saw  their  livelihood  in  jeopardy,  did  not  propose  to  give  up  without  a  struggle,  and 
Captains  Cro.sby,  Metzf;er  and  Farnsworth  immediatetely  secured  Washington  licenses  from  Commissioners 
Easterbrook  and  Riddell  at  Oysterville  and  continued  with  the  .schooner  California.  Corno  had  with  him  as 
pilots  Mases  Rogers  and  Andrew  Belmont,  but  they  could  not  induce  the  vessels  to  employ  them  except  at  rare 
inttrvals,  as  the  old  pilots  still  traveled  back  and  forth  on  tue  San  Francisco  steamships,  and  had  an  excellent 
opportunity  for  presenting  their  side  of  the  case  to  the  shipmasters  before  nearing  the  bar.  The  steamships  did 
not  need  the  services  of  a  tugboat,  or  of  a  tugboat  pilot,  and  the  .sailing  vessels  were  commanded  by  men  who 
were  prejudiced  against  steam  in  any  kind  of  a  craft  lliat  floated,  and  the  Rabboni  had  a  strong  combination  to 
conquer.  In  February  the  Washington  Territory  Commissioners  also  came  to  her  rescue,  and  revoked  the 
licenses  issued  the  year  before,  except  when  u.sed  in  connection  with  the  tug.  The 
pilots  fought  tlii.i  order  .so  stubbornly,  and  there  was  so  little  prospect  of  a  change  in 
the  feeling  against  her,  that  she  steamed  back  to  San  FrancLsco  early  in  i,S66.  The 
Astoria  Marine  Journal,  under  date  of  March  ^6,  1866,  says:  "The  A'aAAo../ departed 
from  this  port  on  Saturday  for  San  Francisco  after  an  effort  of  five  or  six  months' 
duration  to  establish  the  tug  on  the  Columbia  bar  as  a  permanent  aid  to  the  commercial 
interests  of  Oregon  and  California.  Her  owners  have  given  it  up  and  will  take  tlie 
vessel  where  there  is  more  demand  for  her  than  there  is  here,  and  shortly  all  things 
commercial  will  run  smoothly  again."  The 
Rabboni  was  one  hundred  feet  long,  twenty-three 
fc"l  beam,  and  ni:ie  feet  depth  of  hold,  v.'ith  a 
high-pressure  engine  twenty-eight  by  twenty-four 
inches,  turning  a  propeller  eight  feet  six  inches 
diameter  and  sixteen  feet  pitch.  Capt.  Leonard 
White,  who  made  hini.self  famous  in  marine 
annals  as  commander  of  the  first  steamer  which 
'.■e  The  Dalles,  again  >iistinguished  himself  in  iSds 
by  building  and  ruiMiing  a  steamboat  several  hundred  miles  above  the  11  ith 
of  the  river,  and  farther  inland  than  any  steamer  had  yet  ventured.  She 
was  constructed  on  the  upper  Columbia  at  Little  Dalles  near  the  forty-ninth 
parallel,  and  in  accordance  therewith  was  christened  I'orty-ninc.  Captain 
While  had  been  inial)le  to  agree  with  Captain  Ainsworth  as  to  the  amount 
of  salary  which  should  be  paid  a  good  swift-water  steamboatman,  and 
inaugurated  hi:  uw  enterprise,  hoping  tc  enjoy  a  repetition  of  the  fortune- 
making  period  of  steam  navigation  on  the  Columbia  above  The  Dalles. 
That  his  dreams  were  not  realized  can  be  well  understood  when  it  is  known 
that  the  Forl\-ni..i  had  no  successor  for  nearly  twenty  yeai.:,  'And,  while  she 
made  a  little  moi  ey  at  the  start,  could  have  done  fully  as  well  on  a  route 
nearei  civilization.  The  J'orty-ninc  was  launched  November  18,  1865,  and  left  Colville  Landing  on  her  trial  trip 
December  gth.  There  was  no  dry  wood  at  this  season  of  the  year,  so  she  gathered  it  up  as  she  went  along,  ."ihe 
made  eight  miles  the  first  day  and  went  up  the  rapids  on  the  tenth,  spending  the  night  a  short  distance  belo\\  the 


Hknkv  i.amcman 


ran  on  the  Coiuinbia 


CAl'T,    .\,    1",    I'iNtJSTIIN 


The  "Brother  Jonathan"  and  Other  Notable  Wrecks,  Steamboating  on  Interior  Waters 


139 


Capt.  William  R.  Clakk 


forty  ninth  parallel.     On  the  eleventh  she  ran  to  Fort  vShepherd,  a  Hudson's  Bay  post  of  twenty  houses,  on  the 

Coluiul'ia,  a  mile  above  the  international  boundary  line.     vShe  worked  over  Little  Rock  Island  Rapids  on  the 

twelfi';.  and  five  miles  above  passed  another  riffle,  using  a  line  at  both  places,  reaching  the  mouth  of  the  Kootenai. 

Oil  tlK  morning  of  the  thirteenth  she  again  pulled  up  a  riffle  near  the  head  of  Little 

Arniw  Lake,  where  .she  met  ice  and  was  compelled  to  put  the  miners  and  provisions  »,»s-».- ■  .  -   ■ 

constituting  her  load  ashore  in  50°  30'  north,  and  then  returned  to  Colville.     The 

following  year  she  commenced  to  run  on  April  15th,  and  made  several  trips  that 

season,  going  up  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  miles.     She  continued 

in  this  service  at  irregular  intervals  for  a  long  time,  and  was  unfortunate  enough 

to  sink  in  1869  about  two  hundred  miles  above  Little  Dalles.     She  was  raised  and 

continued  running  until  well  into  the  .seventies,  but  was  finally  dismantled  and  the 

machinery  sent  down  the  river.     Her  power  consisted  of  the  engines  of  the  old 

/fiinie  Clark.     Captain  White  operated  the  steamer  during  the  greater  part  of  her 

existence,  but  Captain  Pingston  was  in  charge  during  the  last  days  of  her  career. 
.Several  important  additions  were  made  to  the  \'ictoria  steam  fleet,  among 

the  most  notable  being  the  .steamer  Sir  James  Douglas,  which  was  launched  at 

Victoria,  January  7,  1865,  for  the  Government  service  along  the  coast  of  Vancouver 

Island.     Hor  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  she  plodded  along  the  Northwest  coast 

with  very  little  company  in  flie 
I  steamship  line.  In  the  absence  of  the  steamers  of  the  merchant 
•  fleet  which  came  later,  the  Douglas  was  pressed  into  .service  for  all 
kinds  of  work,  carrying  .settlers  into  the  new  portions  of  the 
country  and  .sometimes  transporting  their  products  to  market. 
When  a  wreck  occurred  on  the  coast,  the  Douglas  was  nearly 
always  dispatched  to  bring  the  survivors  back  to  civilization,  and 
in  this  and  other  ways  she  came  to  be  regarded  with  a  feeling  akin 
to  veneration.  Captain  Clark'"  ran  her  most  of  the  time  until 
'^73.  with  William  A,  Steele,"  engineer,  and  Edward  Quenell,'" 
purser.  She  was  laid  up  at  this  time,  remaining  out  of  service 
until  1875  when  she  again  came  out  after  extensive  repairs,  and 
was  subsequently  commanded  by  Captains  Morrison,  Pamphlet" 
and  Devereaux.  She  was  used  in  the  I'uget  Souini  postal  stivice 
for  a  shct  time  in  1878,  while  the  mail  c^jntractor,  Moore,  was 
financially  embarrassed,  and  remained  there  until  the  Starrs  placed 
the  Isabel  on  the  route.  In  1833  the  Douglas  was  lengthened 
twenty  feet,  and  on  taking  the  water  again  ran  in  the  Government 

'"Capt.  'v'illiatn  R.  Clark,  wlio  was  coiniuaniler  of  tlic  .SV;  James 
Douglas,  was  born  in  Portsnioiitli,  KuKlaiiil,  in  i8;,4,  and  ran  away  from 
home  lo  follow  the  sea  al  the  early  age  of  ten  years.  He  was  in  the  service 
of  the  Ciovernmenl  during  the  Crimean  War  and  eonlinued  in  the  navy  for 
some  lime  aftei  its  close,  coming  to  Victoria  in  18(10  as  gnnner  on  hoard  tlie 
historic  gunboat  /•or'tuirtl.  At  that  port  he  was  discharged  with  high  testi- 
monials  and   e.xpressions   of  regret   from    the    British  officials.     He  was  in 

charge  of  the  Sir  Jaiiii'S  Douglas  until  iS6'/,  when  he  retired  to  engage  in  mercantile 

pursuits,  and  was  afterward  appointed  liarlior  master,  port  warden  and  s'lrveyor  for 

Lloyds,  and  to  other  positions  of  trust.     He  died  in  Victoria  in  the  sunmier  of  1894. 

"William  A.  .Steele  was  for  thirty  years  one  of  the  most  prominent  uiaiine 

engineers   in    Hrilish    Columbia.     He  was   born   near  Dundee,  Scotland,  in   lX,1",  and 

came  to  Victoria   in    1862.     I'ntil    iSS?   he  was   employed  in    the   capacity   of  chief 

engineer  at  different  times  on  nearly  all  of  the  best  known  vessels,  among  them  the 

lleavt-i\  Oltrr,  Grappler,  California,  Western  Slope,  Sir  James  Douglas,  Enterprise 

ami  .Miiiiite.      About  this  time  he  took  charge  of  the  Government  <lredge  employed  in 

Victoria  harbor  and  on  the  Fraser,  and  remained   there  as  superintemlent   until  his 

death  in  .Septend)er,  1893. 

'*  Kdward  (Juenell  of  Nanaimo,  who  was  running  on  the  Sir  James  Jhmglas  as 

malf  and  purser  with  Captain  Clark,  was  born  in  Snssex,  Kngland,  in   1846,  and  was 

lirst  (in  the  water  in  the  Uritish  flagship  I'ietory.     After  speiuling  four  years  in  the 

navy  lie   resigned   and    came  to  the  Northwest,  arriving  at  Nanaimo  in   1864  on  the 

schdiiner  .///lAi/.     In  1867  he  joined  the  .Sir  James  Dougla.<:,  where  he  remained  for 

.seven   years,   leaving   to   engage    iii    business  on   shore,  in  which   he  has  been  very 

sitc.i  sful.     He  was  for  a  long  lime  harbor  master  ami  port  warrlen,  and  for  nine  years 

lu'M  ilic  positinn  of  pilot  commissioner.     In  addition  to  his  duties  in  connection  with 

die  ■iiiiiine  service,  he  also  acted  as  alderman  for  four  years,  and  held  various  other 

olliich  in  the  city,  beside  taking  a  leading  part  in  all  new  enterprises.     In  January, 

iSi)4.  hi'  was  appointed  Mayor  of  Nanaimo. 

'Capt;  Thomas  Pamjihlet,  the  oldest  master  mariner  in  the  Victoria  district, 

was  linru  in  h;ssex,  Knglaml,  in   18,^5,  and  began  his  sea-going  careei  in   1849  as   an 

appi'  iitice  on   the  brig  /iaion.     .Alter  following  this  vocation  in  various  parts  of  the  world,  he  arrived  at  Victoria  in   1.S56  and 

coninicnced  running  the  schooner  Ino,  trading  along  the  coast,     lie  continued  in  this  business  for  a  number  of  years,  and  in   i,S66 

wa.s  i'liced  in  command  of  the  steamer  /saoel,  which  he  ran  until  1S68,  and  was  then  appointed  pilot  for  the  Victoria  district. 

Siiki   ih.1t  time  Captain  raniphlel  has  had  comiuaud  of  several  of  the  steamers  running  on  British  Columbia  waters.     He  retired 

sevend  years  ago  and  is  still  living  in  Victoria. 


KinVAKI)  QrKNKLI. 


William  A.  Siiklk 


iO 


I  y^i^ 


i 


;,   :       I       I 


'  i 


i! 


h 


r4o 


Lewis  (f  Dryden'':  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortiiwest 


■i     I 


CAI'T.   TiIOMAB   rAMI'lll.KT 


employ  in  charge  of  Captain  Devereaux  until  1887,  when  Captain  Gardiner  took  her.     In  1888  she  was  handled 
by  Captain  Glaholme,  and  the  following  year  Captain  Gaudin"  assumed  control  and  remained  with  her  until  the 
arrival  of  the  Quadra,  which  replaced  her.     The  Sir  James  Douglas  was  a  I'ropt'ler,  one  hundred  and  sixteen  feet 
long  by  nineteen  feet  beam,  and  has  performed  her  full  share  of  the  work  of  developing  the  Northwest.     The 
steamer  Onward  was  launched  at  Trahey's  shipyard,  June   26,    1865,   for  Capt.   William   Irving.      She  was  a 
sternwheeler,  con.structed  throughout  with  Burrard's  Inlet  timber,  and  was  the  finest  steamer  yet  built  in  tlie 
province.     She  was  fitted  with  twenty-one  staterooms  and  boasted  all  of  the  latest 
improvements.     Her  dimensions  were :    length,  one   hundred   and   twenty   feet ; 
beam,  twenty-four  feet ;  depth,  four  feet  six  inches  ;  engines,  fourteen  by  fifty-four 
inches.     The  initial  trip  was  made  in  August,  and  for  many  years  she  was  one  of 
the  best  known  boats  on  the  waters  of  the  province,  and  was  the  first  command  of 
Commodore  John  Irving  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  although 
he  had  previously  assisted  his  father  on  other  steamers.     Tlie  Onuard  met  with  a 
spirited  opposition  from  the  Lilloet  .soon  after  going  into  service,  and  in  November, 
1865,  the  fare  was  down  to  fifty  cents  between  Vale  and  New  Westminster.     The 
steamer  Hope,  which  was  built  by  Captain  Millard,  was  .sold  by  the  sheriff  to  E.  T. 
Dodge  &  Co.     The  time-honored  Heaver  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Government  in 
1865,  under  charter  in  their  surveying  operations.     Nearly  all  of  the  steamers  of 
the   preceding   year  were   running,  and   some  of  the   newcomers  on   the  Sound 
made  frequent  trips  to  British  Columbia  waters.     In  June  the  big  sternwheeler 
Alexandria  collided  with  the  steamer  Fidelater  and  sank  the  latter  vessel  off  Clover 
Point,  bringing  on  a  big  damage   suit  to  add  to  the  already  numerous  financial 
difficulties  of  the  ill-starred   Alexandria.     A  regular  pilotage  service  was  established  at  Victoria  this  year,  and 
branch  licenses  were  issued  to  Captains  Gardiner,  Pike  and  Titcomb.     One  of  the  first  prizes  falling  into  their 
hands  was  the  Russian  steamer  Alexander  II.,  which  came  down  from  Sitka  in  command  of  Captain  Lanashijlsky 
and  was  piloted  into  the  harbor  by  Captain  Titcomb.     The  steamship  Alexander  II.  was  originally  American, 
built  in  New  Vork  in  1855.     She  rounded  the  Horn  the  following  year,  bearing  the  name  Astoria,  but  on  being 
turned  over  to  the  authorities  at  Sitka  was  renamed  in  honor  of  the  ruler  of  all  the  Russias.     She  was  a  stanch, 

fast  steamer,  and  while  in  the  Russian 
service  carried  a  crew  of  twenty  men 
and  mounted  six  guns.  Her  visits 
to  the  United  States  were  few,  luu 
she  always  made  at  least  one  trip  a 
year  to  San  Francisco  with  a  cargo 
of  .salmon.  At  .Seabeck,  on  Puget 
Sound,  the  .steamer  Col/ax,  a  tow- 
boat,  was  launched  and  was  about 
the  only  addition  to  the  steam  fleet 
on  the  inland  sea  in  1865.  She  was 
a  sidewheeler.  with  machinery  from 
the  old  steamer  (  aledonia.  owned  by 
the  Washington  Mill  Company,  and 
was  registered  at  Port  Angeles. 
December  i5tli,  with  Marshall  Hlimi, 
master,  although  Capt.  John  T, 
Connick  took  command  of  her  soon 
afterward  and  ran  her  lor  several 
years.  The  dimensions  of  the  Coi'/ii.\ 
were:  length,  one  hundred  and 
twenty-one  feel  ;  beam,  eighteen  iVct 
.seven  inches  ;  ilepth  of  hold,  six  leet 
eight  inches. 

Considerable  uneasiness  was  felt  in  marine  circles  throughout  the  spring  and  summer  of  1S65  owing  to  tlie 
expected  appearance  of  the  Confederate  privateer  Shenandoah,  which  was  cruising  in  the  North  Pacific,  spreading 
devastation  in  her  wake.  The  steamships  plying  between  San  Francisco  and  Northern  ports  would  have  made 
valuable   prizes,  and   had    there  been  a  prospect  of  a  longer  continuation  of  the  war,   Waddell,   the  piratical 

"Capl.  James  Gaudin  was  l)orn  on  the  Isle  of  Jersey  in  iH^g  and  served  liis  apprenticeship  on  luiKlisli  merclianlnicn.  Hi- 
worked  on  vessels  in  the  Kast  India  ami  Anstralian  Ir.-ule  most  of  the  time  until  1.S65,  when  he  liej;aii  rnnninn  lietweeii  I.oniloii  :M 
Victoria,  and  continueil  on  that  route  until  iSHi,  when  he  settled  in  Hritish  Colnmbia.  In  1883  he  euKaKeil  m  pllollll^!,  continniiii;  m 
tliat  business  until  188S,  when  he  took  couimaud  of  the  ,V(y  fames  Douglas  in  the  lighthouse  .service.  In  1892,  when  the  J'oiig  Ji 
was  succeeded  by  the  (Juadia,  he  assumed  charge  and  van  lier  until  September  9th,  at  wh.cli  Inne  he  was  appointed  aKciU  ul 
marine  at  the  Victoria  Custom-house. 


Steamer  "Sir  James  Di>r(;i,A^ 


The  "Brother  Jonathan"  and  Other  Notable  Wrecks,  Steamboat ing  on  Interior  Waters 


141 


Cai't.  John  T.  Connick 


comi'  under  of  this  famous  craft,  would  no  doubt  have  proved  the  fearj  of  the  marine  men  well  founded.  As  it 
was.  lie  .satisfied  him.self  with  destroying  over  a  million  dollars'  worth  of  whalers  and  merchant  ve.ssels.  The 
Shciiiiiiihiali  was  a  clipper-ship-rigged  propeller  of  1,160  tons  register,  and  sailed  from  I.,ondon  in  October,  1864, 
ftvin.u  the  Hritish  flag  under  the  name  Sea  k'itig,  a  few  months  later  unfurling  the  rebel  colors  and  .sailing  as  a 
fuU-lkili^ed  privateer,  with  the  following  officers  :  Waddell,  commander  ;  VV.  C.  Whittle,  John  Griraball.  S.  S. 
Lee,  K.  T.  Chew,  D.  M.  Scales,  first  lieutenants;  J.  S.  Bullock,  second  lieutenant ; 
Mat  O'Brien,  master;  C.  li.  Lining,  chief  engineer;  John  Hutchin.son,  first 
assistant ;  C.  E.  Hunt,  second  assistant ;  J.  T.  Miner,  Lodge  Calton  and  George 
Haruiiod,  mates  ;  and  a  crew  of  seventy-five  men,  all  but  seventeen  of  whom  were 
taken  from  the  first  vessels  seized.  The  engines  were  240  horse-power,  and  the 
arinanicnt  consisted  of  eight  rifled  Whitworth  guns.  Soon  after  the  true  character 
of  the  S /it'll  an  dot! /i  became  known,  she  appeared  in  Australian  waters  and  secured 
coal  enough  for  a  long  voyage,  and  from  there  word  was  sent  to  San  Francisco 
warning  vessels  in  the  Xorth  Pacific  to  be  on  the  lookout,  as  it  was  suspected  that 
this  ([iiarter,  at  that  time  the  harvest  field  of  a  large  whaling  fleet,  would  claim 
her  attention.  It  was  also  feared  that  the  Panama  steamers,  then  carrying  large 
amounts  of  treasure,  might  he  looted  and  destroyed  by  the  bold  marauder. 
The  first  intimation  of  the  Shenandoah' s  advent  in  Northern  seas  was  in  the  early 
part  of  the  summer,  when  the  whaler  Milo  reached  San  Francisco  with  one 
liinulred  and  ninety  men  from  vessels  burned  by  the  commander  of  the 
Slictiaiidoah,  who  seemed  to  have  no  particular  desire  to  profit  by  his  prizes,  but 
was  apparently  imbued  with  a  fiendi.sh  purpose  to  destroy  everything  that  fell  into 
Ills  hands.  In  a  few  weeks  he  captured  and  burned  the  following  vessels :  the 
New  Bedford  wlialers  Abigal,  William  Thoinfison.  Euplirates,  Gypsy,  Xiinrod,  Conffress  2d.  Martha  2d,  Ifiltnian, 
Waveily,  Favorite,-'-  Xassan,  Hector,  habe/ta  and  Martha  1st :  New  London  whalers  (ienerat  Williams,  Catherine, 
/Vr7/7  and  Jeremiah  S?i'i/'t ,-  the  ship  //anest  o{  Honolulu,  the  Sii.'san  .lbii;al,  .Sophia  Thornton,  fsaae  I/ouland, 
Kil..ord  Caiev.  William  C.  .Vye  a.w.\  Coviiii^ ton  oi  Saw  Francisco.  T\vi  James  .l/nrrav,  deneral  Pihe  and  Milo  of 
San  Francisco  and  the  A7/r  of  Honolulu  were  bonded  and  relea.sed  for  the  purpose  of  takin;;  the  hundreds  of  men 
coinprising  the  crews  of  the  burned  vessels  to  some  port  from  which  they  could  reach  their  homes.  The 
unfortunate  sailors  were  crowded  aboard  the  small  vessels  like  .sheep  and  sent  adrift  scantily  provisioned.  Waddell 
coolly  informed  one  band  of  hapless  mortals  that  if  they  ran  out  of  other  provisions  they  could  eat  one  aiuither. 
Tile  .S'lisdii  .Ibiiial,  one  of  the  last  captured,  was  not  taken  until  after  the  war  had  closed,  and  her  master  carried 
papers  attesting  the  declaration  of  peace,  but  the  hold  buccaneer  coolly  informed  him  that  he  did  not  propose  to 

be  fooled  by  any  such  Yankee  trick.s,  and  would  have  to 
receive  his  information  from  a  British  ve.s.sel  before  he  would 
believe  it,  and,  suiting  his  action  to  his  words,  proceeded  at 
once  to  make  a  bonfire,  with  the  well  known  old  Columbia 
River  and  Puget  i^ound  trader  as  a  centerpiece  Soon  after 
the  destruction  of  the  Susan  .-Ibi^al.  Waddell  fell  in  with  the 
British  bark  //arraeonta  and  was  convince<l  that  the  war  had 
ended.  His  weakness  for  marine  conflagrations  was  pretty 
well  satisfied,  and  the  unexpected  termination  of  the  struggle 
between  the  North  and  the  South  left  him  in  a  position 
where,  if  caught,  he  was  in  a  fair  way  to  grace  the  end  of  a 
yardarm  on  his  own  vessel  ;  so  as  quickly  as  jiossihle  he 
sailed  for  Ivuropean  waters  and  ran  into  the  harbor  of 
Lisbon,  where  he  paid  off  his  crew  and  disappeared.  The 
.Shenandoah  was  handed  over  to  the  American  consul  in 
in    charge,  and   she    was   taken    to    New    York.     Thirty-six 

:al)in  furniture  and 
There  was  intense  excitement 


Cu.MI.IUCKAli;    l'Kl\.VTKHR   ' 


Xowinlier,  who   placed    a    man    named    Freeman 

dironoMieters  were  found  on   the  vessel  when  she  was  surrendered,  lieside  a  large  amount  of 
otlu  r  fittings  which  the  pirate  had  l)een  able  to  carry  away  easily  from  his  prizes, 
all  along  the  coast  when  the  report  of  the  Shenandoah's  outrages  was  made  public,  although  it  was  .several  weeks 
before  a  war  vessel  could  be  .secured  to  .send  in  pursuit  of  the  iVeebooter.     The  United  States  steamships  Sii:eannce 

,  but  before  thev  read 


illy 


spat 


epic 


iirii 


I- 


!!■:,.! 


ifi'- 


t         ! 


I    r 


on  hi.-,  wav  to  the  other  side  of  the  world. 


.\s  llif  .Sheiioiiiloiih  came  aliiiinside  tlie  /■'iiioiite.  Captain  VoiiiiK,  wliii  was  in  ociiiiiiianil.  Iiaiikil  mil  liis  liotiili  (jiiii,  and 
arriK-ti  Iiis  tniMi  with  niuskt-ls.  Wlien  ordertMl  to  liaiil  down  the  tla^,  llif  nidepfndt'nl  skipptT  said.  "  Maid  it  down  yourself,  damn 
villi.  'A  Mm  iliiiik  il  will  lie  i.;niid  liir  ycuir  roiistilntidii."  Waddell  was  suniewlial  taken  aliaek  by  llie  old  man's  liravevy,  lint  retorteil, 
"  Il  '."M  don'l  haul  il  diiwii  we'll  Iihnv  \  nii  clear  out  ol'llio  water."  "  llhiw  away  my  Imck,"  shoiiled  Captain  Vnnnp,  '*  blow  and  he 
'IimiiimI,  bill  may  I  lie  eternally  blasleil  if  I  lianl  down  that  lla>,'  fiir  any  '.-iissed  Coiifederale  jiirate  llial  ever  llcialeil."  Waddell 
iiiliiiiuil  liis  pliiek,  and  the  .Sheiiaiidoah  diil  not  lire  a  .sliol,  hut  tile  wh.iler  was  ipiietly  added  to  her  other  prizes  in  spile  of  the 
spinil,y  Captain's  renionslranccs. 


142 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortiiwest 


I 


'  \ 


The  Puget  Sound  lumber  mills  increased  their  output  wonderfully  in  1864  and  1865,  and  the  daily  capacity 
of  the  principal  establishments  was  as  follows:  Pope  &  Talbot,  Port  Gamble,  100,000  feet;  G.  A.  Meiggs,  Port 
Madison,  80,000;  A.  Phinney,  Port  Ludlow,  60,000;  Adams,  Blinn  &  Co.,  Seabeck,  50,000;  Plummer  &  Co.,  Freeport, 
50,000  ;  Mastick  &  Co.,  Port  Disicovery,  40,000 ;  Renton,  Smith  &  Co.,  Port  Blakely,  30,000  ;  Port  Orchard  Mill| 
20,000  ;  Utsalady  and  Port  Orford,  15,000  each.  There  were  also  five  smaller  mills  which  cut  principally  for  the 
local  trade.  Much  of  this  lumber  was  sent  to  distant  ports  in  good-si/ed  vessels,  but  the  coasting  trade  furnished 
business  to  a  large  fleet.  The  bark  George  Washington,  Captain  Lennen,"and  the  ship  Hunlsviile,  Captain 
Hinds,'"  carried  many  passengers  between  San  Francisco  and  the  Sound,  making  a  specialty  of  this  work  in 
connection  with  their  lumber  traffic.  The  Nanaimo  coal  trade  grew  steadily,  and  in  1865  the  ship  Aqiiila,  Captain 
Sayward,  sailed  for  San  Francisco  with  one  thousand  eight  hundred  tons,  the  largest  cargo  yet  shipped  from  the 
Northwest.  Other  vessels  so  engaged  were  the  barks  Knight  Bruce,  Maria  Scannel,  Auslralind,  Pcrle,  Carlotta, 
Joachim,  Clara  Bell,  Florida,  shi^s  John  Jay,  Revere,  Isaac  Jeans,  A.  M.  Lawrence,  Dublin,  Portlaw  and  Lottie 
Maria,  and  the  brig  Advance,  some  of  them  making  but  one,  and  others  only  two  or  three  trips.  The  ship  Gcorgts 
arrived  at  Victoria  from  Hongkong  with  six  hundred  Chinamen,  and  the  Mary  Glover  brought  a  few  from  the 
same  port.  The  ships  Philomela,  Countess  oj  Fife,  Portlaw,  General  Wyndham  and  Glcnamara,  and  the  bark  Arji 
Adamson,  discharged  cargo  at  Victoria  from  London.  Other  vessels  of  the  foreign  fleet  which  entered,  and 
afterward  went  to  the  Sound  to  load  lumber,  were  the  barks  Pcrle,  Domingo,  Aden,  Delaware,  Kentucky,  Fray 

Benitos,  Emily  Banning  Cecilia  Smith  and  Mass,  and  the  l)rig.s 
IVoodland.  Josephine  and  Brewster.  The  Russian  brig  Shclekoff, 
Captain  Archimendritoff  came  f.om  Sitka  with  a  cargo  of  furs 
for  reshipment,  and  the  Chilean  schooner  Dare  from  Tahiti  with 
fruit.  The  schooner  Milton  Badger  arrived  from  New  York  with 
wire  and  supplies  for  the  Russian-American  telegraph  line,  and 
the  schooner  Ta  Lee  came  from  Liverpool.  The  steel  -schooner 
Domatilla,  a  recent  arrival,  was  placed  in  the  trade  between  X'ictoria 
and  China.  The  schooner  Alfred  Crosby  was  making  regular  trip.s 
between  the  Columbia  River,  Victoria  and  Sound  ports,  on  one  of 
winch  she  ran  from  the  Columbia  River  bar  to  Cape  Flattery  in 
twelve  hours.  In  June,  1865,  the  schooner  Gazelle,  Captain 
Gollacer,  visited  the  fishing  grounds  off  Queen  Charlotte's  Island 
and  .secured  six  tons  of  codfish  and  twenty  barrels  of  oolachaii,  tlie 
largest  cargo  which  had  yet  been  secured  from  this  new  field.  The 
old-time  coasters  Almatia,  Jane  .1.  I'alkenberg,  Sam  Merrill,  Li:r 
Yankee.  Sunny  South,  and  many  others,  were  still  .sailing  up  and 
down  the  coast,  the  Falkenberg  taking  a  few  cargoes  to  San  Francisco 
from  the  mill  on  Young's  River  near  .\storia.  The  Sunny  South 
sailed  from  Astoria  to  San  Francisco  in  three  days  on  one  of  her 
spring  voyages.  Southern  Oregon  provided  a  handsome  addition  to 
the  coast  fleet,  the  schooner  Pacific,  built  this  year  on  the  Uinpqua 
Capt.  J.  E.  i.KSNEN  for  Capt.  J.  VV.  Gage'"  and  Wright,  Acker.son   &   Hanson  of  San 


'■'Capt.  J.  E.  Lennen  was  born  at  Parker's  Head,  Me.,  in  1840,  removed  to  Batli  in  1S48  and  alteudeil  school  tliere  until  i.'<,i4. 
when  he  began  his  marine  career  before  the  mast.  He  continued  sailing  in  deep-water  ships,  making  voyages  to  ;ill  parts  of  tiie 
globe  until  1S63,  when  he  arrived  in  San  Francisco  and  shipped  as  mate  of  the  brig  lieaion,  which  Dr.  Samuel  Merrill  had  built  for 
the  Puget  Sound  lumber  trade.  Capt-  Tim  Batchelder  was  nuister,  but  in  1864  went  Kast  to  bring  the  bark  Oaklamt  to  the  I'm  ific 
Coast,  and  Lennen  was  given  command  of  the  Deacon,  made  two  voyages  in  her  anil  then  went  to  the  bark  (ieori^e  U'iis/ii>ix!i'>i. 
which  he  sailed  in  1865  between  San  Francisco  and  Freeport,  now  West  Seattle,  carrying  many  prominent  .Seattle  jieople  tci  the 
State  as  passengers  in  that  year-  In  1866  he  took  charge  of  the  brig  Orient  of  San  Francisco  and  visited  New  Zealand  and  -Vusir  ilia, 
returning  to  Puget  Sound  to  run  the  lug  Meniinac.  owned  by  Simpson  of  San  Francisco-  When  the  lug  was  charlered  l)y  Woods 
of  the  Port  Discovery  Mill  Company,  I.enneu  left  her  and  joined  the  firm  of  Parrott  S:  Co.,  .San  Francisco,  sailing  for  them  to  Cosla 
Rica  in  the  coffee  trade-  In  1S7.1  he  was  on  the  William  Sutton  for  Alaska,  and  SHbse(|uently  sailed  several  vessels  for  the  .\l,iska 
Commercial  Company  in  the  l^iir  trade  until  1879.  While  in  this  employ  he  won  the  great  ocean  race  from  San  Francisi  n  to 
I'nalaska,  on  the  result  of  which  over  |i5,ooo  changed  hands,  as  the  schooner  General  Miller  was  a  two  to  one  favorite,  allliniij!li 
Lennen's  schooner  lludora  won  easily,  beating  the  Miller  six  days  on  the  trip  up  and  four  coming  down-  In  i.SSo  Captain  I.iinien 
took  charge  of  the  steamer  Ino  for  H-  Lebe  and  ran  her  on  a  trading  voyage  to  Alaska.  He  CDnlinued  in  the  co.isting,  -Souml  mil 
.Alask.i  tratlic  from  that  date.  In  1887  he  went  as  pilot  on  the  United  States  steamer  7'lielis,  which  look  I'.overnor  .Swineford  I"  llic 
western  part  of  Alaska.  In  1,891  he  opened  the  mail  route  between  Sitka  and  Unalaska  with  the  steamer  yT/iiV,  ami  in  i,S9-.' was 
pilot  on  the  I'nited  Stales  fleet  in  Bering  .Sea,  on  the  .llbalross,  Yorktou'n,  Rush  and  Corwin,  being  with  the  latter  when  she  st-i/eil 
the  Coqiiillam  in  Prince  William  .Sound.  He  has  since  been  on  Ihe  Attain.':  and  other  vessels  in  far  northern  waters,  and  early  in 
1895  began  running  as  pilot  on  the  Alaska  steamer  IVillafia. 

"Capt.  John  F.  Hinds  w.is  bom  in  Livermore,  Me.,  in  1S25.  He  was  before  the  mast  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  but  worked  hi- 
up  and  for  twelve  years  was  master  of  whaling  vessels  in  the  .\rctic  and  Pacific  oceans.  In  1S64  he  w.-is  in  command  of  thi' 
//iinlsiille  in  the  lumber  trade  between  San  Francisco  and  Port  Blakely.  and  continued  in  that  traffic  from  Pnget  Sound  pm 
San  Francisco  on  the  bark  .Scotland  and  ship  Caroline  Heed  for  nearly  a  decade.  He  then  took  the  bark  /)elaware,  running  i' 
lumber  and  sugar  business  to  the  Sandwich  Islands  for  four  years,  after  which  he  was  in  charge  of  the  ship  li'arhawk  for  three  > 
leaving  her  to  take  the  bark  Refeie,  carrying  lumber  to  Honolulu  for  eight  years.  He  was  afterw.iril  captain  of  the  stt 
Evangel  for  about  six  months,  after  which  he  retired  from  the  water  and  is  at  present  living  at  Port  Townsend. 

"  Capt.  John  W.  (iatje  was  born  in  Maine  in  1834,  and  first  sailed  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  in  1849011  tlie  topsail  sell' 
Pensacola.  W  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  filling  a  mate's  bertli,  and  in  that  capacity  continued  on  Kasiern  waters  until  1,855,  i 
he  came  to  San  Francisco  as  third  mate  on  the  clipper  Matchless,  leaving  her  there  and  subseipieutly  joiuiug  the  steamship  (>i 
as  ciuartermaster.     lie  left  to  go  as  mate  on  the  brig  Snsaii  .Ihigal  and  served  on  her  and  on  the  brig  Ouadily  llelle,  the  sclim 


way 

-liip 

t.;to 

the 


uier 
lieu 


The  "Brother  Jonathan"  and  Other  /Rotable  Wrecks,  Steamboating  on  Interior  Waters 


143 


Francisco.  The  Pacific  was  one  hundred  and  six  feet  long,  with  thirty  feet  beam,  and  registered  one  hundred 
and  forty-eight  tons.  Another  fine  schooner,  the  Isabel,  was  also  constructed  at  Coos  Bay  by  Captain  Howlett, 
and  at  'I'illaniook  the  schooners  I.eah  ar.d/.  C.  Champion  were  completed  for  the  Portland  trade,  the  latter  running 

to  the  Columbia  in  command  of  William  Bochau,  who  subsequently 
piloted  on  the  bar.  A  numljer  of  small  .schooners  engaged  in  trad- 
ing north  from  Victoria,  aiTording  the  few  settlers  on  Vancouver 
and  Queen  Charlotte's  Island  means  of  communication  with  the 
outside  world,  rescuing  as  well  many  a  shipwrecked  crew  which  had 
j||I^J9|||^  been   cast    away  on   those  inhospitable  shores.      The  best  known  of 

»"  ^>i  these   vessels   were    the    Surprise.  Captain    McKinnon  ;'"   the    Alert, 

F        ^  ^  Captain  Spring;'"  and  the  /.eoiiaiic,  Captain  Hicks. "' 

P        ^"^  ^1  The  Columbia  River  bar  was  the  scene  of  a  terrible  wreck  early 

siB^i      tfi'T'''l  '"    '^''^'  ^''^"  '^^   ^^"^   Industry  was    pounded    to   pieces  by  the 

^■te  ^IftiP*^  breakers,  causing  the  loss  of  nearly  a  score  of  lives.      This  vessel,  a 

Jf^lg^         ^^  well  known  coaster,  sailed  from  San  Francisco,  February  23d,  and  on 

^^^^  \  t|^ ^  ^^^^^^  the  twenty-fifth  encountered  a  heavy  gale,  which  stove  in  the  water 

^^^^^^K^^^^^^^^^^^hf  casks  and  washed   away  a  portion  of  the  stores.     She  reached    the 

^t^^^^^P^^^^^^^Kf^  mouth  of  the  Columbia   River  after  a  two  weeks'  struggle  with  bad 

'^^j^H^^^^HHJIP^^  weather,  and  while  standing  off  and  on  waiting  for  a  pilot  spoke  the 

v,"^^^^  Falkenberg  and  secured  a  few  necessities.     Alfter  remaining  outside 

■^  for  several  days,  during  which  no  assistance  appeared,  the  water  gave 

out  and  the  captain  determined  to  run  in,  and  on  March  i^tli  stood  up 
for  the  .south  channel.     While  the  ve.s.sel 
was  on  the   bar  the  pilot-boat  ran  down 
and  rai.sed  a  flag,  which  led  the  captain 
c*,.T.  JOHN  w.  <-.a,;k.  ^f    j,j^    /„,/„,/,.,,   to   head    for    the   north 

entrance,  expecting  that  they  would  send  a  man  aboard.  As  none  came  he 
concluded  that  they  expected  him  to  follow  the  schooner  in,  and  in  attempting  to 
do  so  the  bark  missed  stays,  and,  as  the  wind  had  failed,  was  obliged  to  anchor  to 
keep  from  going  on  the  sands.  A  breeze  sprang  up  within  a  few  minutes,  and  the 
bark  again  got  under  way,  but  in  heading  for  the  course  again  mis-stayed  ;  and, 
altliouHh  both  anchors  were  let  go,  she  drifted  into  .shallow  water,  striking  heavily 
stern  first  and  unshipping  her  rudder.  One  of  the  cables  had  been  slipped,  and  an 
effort  was  made  to  work  her  over  into  the  middle  channel  ;  but,  when  she  reached  a 
point  fifty  or  one  hundred  yards  from  there,  she  struck  heavily  and  began  making 
water  rapidly.  A  piece  of  the  false  keel  floated  up  along.side,  proving  that  she  had 
received  fatal  injuries,  and  all  hopes  of  saving  her  were  abandoned.     The  large  boat  CAn.  rc.hhrt  iucks 


i'i! 


/,  A".  \Vhiliuf:,J.  M.  Kyersini,  ami  other  well  known  coasters,  until  1S5S,  when  he  took  ooininand  of  the  hrij;  Fiaticisio,  thei'.  of  the 
Su^iiii  Ahiffal,  hark  /•atniv  Major,  hr\^  J,  S,  Cahot,  which  lie  lost  in  Mendocino  hartjor,  hark  Acadia,  which  wa.s  wrecked  on  his 
second  trip,  and  the  \n\%  Qiiac/t/y  llcUc,  rnntiin){  to  Tahiti.  He  was  suhseiineiitly  on  the  schooner  CoUtcii  Stale,  which  he  nianaKed 
tor  two  and  one-half  vears,  and  while  .'iwaititig  the  comjjletion  of  the  schooner  Pacific  sailed  the  schooners  .SV(7  Xytnp/t  and  Ella 
FloiciiiY.  He  oi)erated  the  I'acilic  in  the  rnii)(|ua  River  trade  for  three  years,  niakin>;  occasional  tri])s  to  other  ports,  finally  sold 
his  holdings  to  I'eter  Crack  and  entered  .\.  M.  Simpson's  employ,  first  on  the  hark  Occiiloil.  and  then  pnrehasinn  a  share  In  the 
barkentine  U'cbfoot,  which  he  coinniantled  for  several  years.  He  next  l)oU}.;ht  an  interest  in  the  harkentine  Poctlapui,  which  he 
sailed  for  nearlv  !iine  years,  leavin^t  her  to  l)ecoine  captain  of  the  steamers  liditit  and  lictta,  making  a  trip  to  the  Arctic  Ocean  with 
llie  latter,  and  on  his  return  commanding  successively  the  steamships  .  It-A'i,  tJnialilla  and  H'illamclte.  He  then  took  the  lug 
lt'i:,nd  from  San  I'raucisco  to  the  Colnmhia  ami  remained  on  tlie  har  with  her  for  eij^ht  months,  leaving  the  tug  to  take  the 
steamship  Uiliiiiiii;loii,  which  he  hamlled  for  a  year,  ami  then  took  charge  of  the  steamshi])  t.os  .hiffcles,  going  from  her  to  the 
steamship  /('1///W/V,  plying  to  Alaska,  and  to  the  Santa  Roaa,  running  on  the  Portlaiul  route.  He  ran  the  steamship  luistcru  Orci;ou 
north  for  a  short  time,  was  then  on  the  steamer  Humboldt,  and  after  leaving  the  latter  vessel  was  appointed  port  warden  at  San 
I'raiicisco,  a  position  which  he  has  since  held. 

'"t.!apt.  .Mcx  McKinnon,  who  was  sailing  the  schooner  Siaftyisc  out  of  Victoria  in  iS(i5,  was  horn  in  I'.reeuock,  Scotland,  in 
1^36,  and  came  to  this  Coast  in  1S5S,  first  rnnning  as  rju  irterniasler  on  tlie  old  steamship  Colunthia  and  afterward  as  mate  on  sailing 
vessels  until  1S63,  when  he  returned  to  Victoria  from  Knglaml.  In  1S64  he  took  charge  of  the  missionary  schooner  Carolina  and 
the  following  year  of  the  Snrfirisc,  having  with  liim  as  mate  janies  Christiansen,  the  well  known  pilot.  He  was  next  on  the 
schooner  /lAy  .Ifcrrillcx  and  other  well  known  local  traders.  He  connnauded  the  steamer  Emma  when  she  was  engaged  in  laying 
the  cable  from  Victoria  to  the  maiidand,  and  in  1S69  was  (liioting  on  liurrard's  Inlet  and  to  Nanaimo.  Since  1879  he  has  liad  cliarge 
of  the  Herens  Island  light. 

"Capt.  William  Spring  of  the  Alerl  was  the  pioneer  sealer  of  British  Colnmhia,  and  his  portrait,  accompanied  hy  a  sketch  of 
his  life,  will  he  found  in  the  closing  portions  of  this  work  relating  to  the  sealing  hnsiuess. 

■'Capt.  Robert  Hicks  of  Victoria  was  horn  in  Norfolk,  Ivngland,  in  182S,  entered  the  Driiish  Navy  in  1845,  came  to  America  in 
i.'>4S  and  soon  after  shipped  on  a  whaler,  was  cast  away  in  the  North,  and  did  not  return  to  the  United  St.ates  until  1S53.  The 
following  year  he  started  for  the  Pacific  in  the  man-of-war  tWalnr,  which  was  detained  eighty-four  days  in  tile  Straits  of 
Maxell, 111,  being  finally  towed  through  hy  the  I'nited  States  steamship  .Ifassac/iiiscll}!.  .\fter  the  ticcalur  had  been  stationed  at 
Seattiv-  for  a  while,  Hicks  joiueil  Captain  Denny's  volunteers  anil  fought  Indians.  He  next  houglit  the  schooner  Poi'cr  anA  ran  her 
until  ilie  I'taser  mining  excitement,  when  he  sold  the  vessel  and  went  to  the  mines.  Returning,  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
llnil-- ins  Hay  Company,  hut  left  them  soon  after  and  bought  the  slooji  Lconadc,  which  he  operated  until  i-Sfi;.  He  then  began 
rniHiiii.;  oil  various  steamers  as  .Maska  pilot,  having  had  tlie  distinction,  while  so  engaged,  of  bringing  to  this  country  the  old 
Rns-i.ni  gunboat  Polill;ofili\\  He  ran  on  the  I.iltic  California,  (Inaic  Tel  fair,  Eidclatcr,  (leorge  S.  H'rii;til,  and  a  number  of  other 
well  1,  now  11  old-timers,  and  also  piloted  many  Hritish  and  .-Vnierican  war  vessels  to  and  from  Alaska.  He  was  for  a  while  master  of 
the  I  i,i>er  River  lightship,  and  at  present  is  living  in  retirement  at  Victoria. 


fhilM 


t'.r 


I      1. 


I 


I;     I 


I 


. 


n 


144 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


n-as  lowered  but  was  immediately  swamped,  drowning  the  mate,  Mr.  Coppin.  As  it  was  impossible  to  do 
anything  more  in  this  direction,  all  hands  took  to  the  rigging  at  9:00  p.  m.  During  tlie  night  the  upper 
works  were  carried  away  and  the  remaining  boats  destroyed.  At  8:30  the  next  morning  the  sea  went  dowi  .  and 
two  rafts  were  hastily  constructed,  one  of  spars  and  one  of  pumps.  Five  persons  were  on  the  first,  and  it  drifted 
over  to  the  south  entrance,  where  they  were  rescued  by  a  lifeboat  manned  with  soldiers  from  the  fort.  From  the 
second,  four  men  were  washed  overboard,  the  twelve-year-old  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marks,  who  went  down 
with  the  vessel,  and  a  man  died  from  exposure,  leaving  but  two  of  her  eight  passengers  who  reached  shore  in 
safety.  The  following  persons  disappeared  with  the  wreck  :  Lewis,  captain  ;  Green,  .second  mate  ;  William 
Cavener,  .steward;  Robert  Powers  and  Alexander  Green,  sailors;  Mr.  -nd  Mrs.  Marks  of  Walla  Walla.  Messrs, 
Meade  and  Myers,  and  a  Chinaman.  pa.s.sengers.  The  fortunate  survives  were  :  John  West  and  James  Peterson, 
.sailors;  Silas  Wightman,  Charles  B.  Herald,  a  son  of  J.  M.  Shively  of  Astoria,  an  unknown  .sailor,  and  a 
Chinaman. 

The  schooner  Royal  Charlie,  a  well  known  Victoria  trading  vessel,  was  seized  by  the  Kake  Indians 
about  two  hundred  miles  north  of  the  Stickeen  River,  while  cruising  along  the  coast,  in  September,  1865. 
.She  was  in  command  of  Capt.  Thomas  Goin,  who  had  with  him  James  Habut  and  John  Cashman  as  crew, 
Tlioinas  Crawley,  trader,  and  two  Stickeen  Indian  boys.  One  night,  while  at  anchor  in  a  small  bay,  the  hoys 
overheard  the  savages  planning  an  attack  and  at  once  advised  the  captain  to  leave,  as  the  Kakes  intended  to  take 
the  .schooner  the  next  day.  Captain  Goin  refu.sed  to  heed  the  warning,  and  the  following  morning  at  daybreak 
three  canoes  came  alongside,  and  several  natives  sprang  aboard  and  cut  the  halyards.  Goin  immediately  fired  on 
the  chief,  wounding  him  in  the  wrist,  but  the  Indian  rushed  upon  him  furiously  and  stabbed  him  to  death, 
Ca.shman  promptly  avenged  the  deed  with  a  bullet,  and  the  chief  dropped  dead  upon  the  deck.  His  confederates 
retreated,  but  continued  firing  until  they  had  killed  Cashman  and  Crawley  and  wounded  Habut.  The  latter  and 
the  Indian  boys  were  permitted  to  go  ashore  in  a  small  boat,  but  Habut's  injuries  were  so  serious  that  he  died 
from  loss  of  blood  soon  after  reaching  the  beach.  News  of  the  tragedy  was  not  received  at  Victoria  until  nearly 
two  months  after  it  occurred,  and,  as  the  Indians  guilty  of  the  outrage  were  in  Russian  territory,  they  were  never 
punished.  The  schooner  Xaiiaimo  Pailccl  also  fell  a  victim  to  the  bloodthirsty  red.skins  in  i.S6_s.  She  was  seized 
and  plundered  in  the  summer  by  a  party  of  Indians  at  Bella  Bella,  and  the  captain  was  subjected  to  many 
indignities,  the  Indians  giving  as  a  reason  for  this  treatment  that  a  Victoria  policeman  had  robbed  their  chief  of 
fifty-five  dollars,  and  that  was  the  only  way  in  which  they  could  revenge  themselves.  The  schooner  I'icloria 
Packet,  plying  between  Nanaimo  and  Victoria,  met  with  a  worse  fate  even  than  the  A'oyal  Cluirlk.  She  sailed 
from  the  latter  port  in  the  summer  of  1865  on  her  regular  trip  between  the  two  cities,  and  there  were  no  tidings 
from  her  for  five  years.  It  was  the  commonly  acceptei'  belief  that  she  had  gone  to  the  bottom  of  the  ocean  during 
a  storm,  but  in  1870  a  Cowichan  Indian  confessed  that  the  entire  crew  had  been  murdered  by  his  people  at 
Cowichan  Gap  and  the  schooner  scuttled  as  soon  as  the  plunder  was  removed. 

The  American  shij)  William  Tell,  Captain  Jones,  was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Vancouv-er  Lslatid,  December 
23,  1865.  She  sailed  from  Simonstown,  August  15,  1864,  and  sighted  land  to  the  west  of  Nootka  Sound, 
December  i.^th,  and  entered  the  Straits  three  days  later,  being  within  six  miles  of  Dungeness  lighthouse  on  the 
nineteenth.  The  next  day  the  wind  began  to  blow,  and  the  ship  drifted  to  the  we.st  of  Race  Rocks.  She  tried  to 
anchor  in  Freshwater  Bay,  but  could  not  reach  it,  and  beat  about  the  Straits  until  the  twenty-.second,  and  on  the 
twenty-third  struck  a  reef  three  miles  northwest  of  San  Juan.  At  low  tide  a  line  was  carried  ashore,  one  hundred 
fathoms  away,  and  all  of  the  crew  of  twenty-two  were  landed.  Before  deserting  the  vcs.sel  the  mainmast  was  cnt 
away  to  enable  them  to  reach  the  reef.  Bolles,  the  mate,  was  the  last  man  to  leave  the  wreck,  at  1 2:00  o'clock,  and 
at  1:00  the  ship  broke  into  a  thousand  pieces.  The  survivors  were  taken  to  Victoria  by  the  schooner  StDfiisc. 
Captain  Francis.  The  William  Tell  was  of  about  1,500  tons  burden,  and  was  built  in  18C12  and  owned  by 
N.  V.  French  of  Walpole,  Ma.ss.  Other  disasters  of  minor  importance  during  the  year  were  the  .schooner  Doyk. 
plying  between  Vaquina  and  San  Francisco,  wrecked  at  Vaquina,  March  nth,  and  the  sloop  Fanny,  disma.sted  off 
Shonlwater  Bay  while  on  her  way  from  San  Francisco  to  Victoria,  and  afterward  sunk  by  the  .steam.ship  Pacific, 
which  was  attempting  to  rescue  the  crew.  This  she  finally  succeeded  in  accomplishing,  landing  them  at  \'icloria. 
The  bark  Ann  Pei)y,  from  I'uget  Sound  with  a  cargo  of  lumber  and  250  sacks  of  potatoes,  was  lost  in  January  a 
few  miles  south  of  the  Cliff  House,  San  Francisco.  Among  the  deaths  of  the  year  was  that  of  Capt.  Charle.s 
Edwards,  who  had  been  piloting  on  the  bar  since  1854.  He  passed  away  on  board  the  steamship  Pacific, 
November  25th,  while  en  route  from  .San  Franci.sco,  On  the  19th  of  December,  J.  H.  Poole,  one  of  the  lie.st 
known  of  the  California  Steam  Navigation  Company's  pursers,  died  in  San  Francisco. 

Competition  on  river,  Sound  and  ocean  was  one  of  the  marked  features  of  the  marine  business  of  iS6fi  tor  a 
gooil  portion  of  the  year.  The  traveler  northward  bound  from  San  Franci.sco  could  choo.se  his  steamer,  name  the 
price  he  wished  to  pay  for  pa.ssage,  and,  on  reaching  Portland,  find  opposition  .steamers  in  waiting  to  carry  him  to 
the  Cowlitz  River,  where  opposition  stages  whirled  him  overland  to  Olympia,  and  an  opposition  steamer  wailed 
there  to  take  him  through  to  Victoria,  where,  fortunately  for  tho.se  engaged  in  marine  traffic,  but  little  cuttin.i;  i" 
rates  was  indulged  in,  and,  if  the  passenger  wished  to  go  farther  north  or  to  the  interior,  he  paid  a  living  pi  ice. 
The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  unmolested  on  the  routes  to  the  upper  Columbia,  and  maintaint  1  a 
good  .service  with  the  steamers  Wilson  G.  Hunt,  Nciv  World  and  Cascades,  making  a  round  trip  each  day  ti.  ilie 


Thf  "Brother  Jonathan"  and  Othvr  Notablv  Wracks,  Stranibnatiny  on  Interior  Waters 


'45 


vm 


Casca'i'-'s  ;  the  steamers  Onconta  or  Idaho,  with  a  similar  schedule  on  the  middle  river ;  with  Capt.  I"red  Wilson 
runniii;;  the  steamer  ///.«  as  a  stock  ami  freight  boat  aliove  the  Cascades,  and  Capt.  William  Smith  using  the /u/i<i 
for  thf  s.iine  purpose  between  that  point  and  Portland.  Above  The  Dalles  the  steamers  Yakima,  W'cb/oot.  Tenino, 
Oa'y/i"  .  AV:  /'i-m-  Chief  and  Okanogan,  run  by  Captains  Iv  F.  Coe,  J.  H.  I).  Cray,  C.  C.  Felton  and  Thomas 
Stump,  formed  the  connecting  link  in  the  line  through  to  the  interior  and  remained  in  undisturbed  possession  of  the 
route ;  iind  far  inland  at  old  Fort  Boi.se  the  company  launched  another  large  sternwheeler,  the  Shoshone,  to  run  on  the 
Snake  River  between  Old's  Ferry  and  Boi.se  ')^\k  Shoshone,  launched  at  old  Fort  Boise  in  1.S66  and  placed  in 
comiii.iiiil  of  CajJt.  Josiah  Myrick,  traversed  more  continuous  miles  of  the  Colnuibia  and  its  tributaries  than  any 
steaiiKi  which  has  been  in  existence  during  the  thirty  years  which  have  elapsed  since  her  completion.  Probably 
no  steamer  was  ever  constructed  in  the  Northwest  under  greater  difficulties  than  tho.se  which  confronted  the 
builders  (if  the  Shoshone.  Hundreds  of  miles  from  a  foundry  or  machine  shop,  and  nearly  as  far  from  a  sawmill, 
they  la'  1. red  under  disadvantages  of  which  the  projectors  of  the  first  steamboat  on  the  Columbia  knew  nothing. 
Nearly  all  of  the  lumber  used  was  whipsawed  or  hewed  in  the  vicinity,  and  the  iron  was  transported  for  a  long 
distance  on  pack  animals  and  worked  into  shape  after  its  arrival  on  the  ground.  The  expen.se  ran  up  to  an  amount 
which  would  have  built  several  fine  steamers  farther  down  the  river,  but  the  company  had  great  expectations  of 
big  travel  to  the  mines  by  that  route,  and  had  their  hopes  been  realized  the  Shoshone  might  have  proven  a  bonanza; 
for  it  is  doubtful  if  any  one  would  have  had  sufficient  courage  to  launch  a  second  steamer  there  ;  so  the  rates 
charged  could  have  been  based  on  what  the  traffic  would  stand.  Unfortunately  for  the  Shoshone  a  shorter  way  to 
the  gold-fields  was  discovered  before  the  steamer  was  ready  for  business,  and  she  remained  almost  a  dead  loss  on 


the  company's  hands  until  1870, 
with  instructions  to  bring  her  down 
attempt.  Smith  made  a  good  start 
reached  Lime  Point  abandoned  the 
"Bas"  Miller  and  I).  Iv.  Buchanan, 
ill  making  the  run  and  landed  her 
trip,  1870).  On  June  29th  Miller 
Falls,  and  she  was  soon  hauled  out 
extensive  repairs,  ran  on  the  middle 
iS;;,,  when  Captain  A  ins  worth 
arrival  at  Portland  .she  was  .sold  to 
Company  and  put  in  the  Willamette 
1  S  7  4 ,  when  she  struck  a  rock 
efforts  to  raise  her  proved  futile, 
was  removed  and  the  hull  left  to 
and  came  down  the  river  as  far 
granger  secured  it;  and  the 
which  had  been  the  central  figure 
transformed  into  a  chicken-house, 
and  thirty-six  feet  long,  twenty- 
inches  hold,  with  engines  sixteen 
The  Oregon  Steam  Naviga- 
control  of  about  everything  worth 


Capt.  Chaki.ks  I-ltiuAUDs 
Colutuliia  Hat  IMIot 


when  Capt.  Cy  Smith  was  .sent  up 
to  Lewiston  or  wreck  her  in  the 
from  Iluntinglon,  but  when  he 
project,  and  a  little  later  Capt. 
the  well  known  engineer,  succeeded 
in  safety  at  I<ewiston  (see  Shoshone 
brought  the  steamer  over  Tumwater 
at  The  Dalles,  and,  after  receiving 
river  as  p.  cattle  steamer  until  June, 
l)iloted  her  over  the  Cascades.  On 
the  Willamette  River  Transportation 
trade,  rutiniiig  there  until  the  fall  of 
opposite  Salem  and  sank.  All 
and  in  November  the  niaehinery 
its  fate.  It  floated  off  in  January 
as  Lincoln,  where  a  thrifty 
remains  of  the  famous  old  craft, 
in  so  many  stirring  exploits,  was 
The  Shoshone  was  one  hundred 
.seven  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  six 
by  forty-eight  inches, 
tioii  Company,  having  secure  d 
having  011   the  navigable  waters  of 


Oregon,  Washington  and   Idaho,  made  a  move  farther  inland  in   1.S66,  and  organized  the  Oregon  &  Montana 

Transportation  Company,  with  the  following  officers  :    J.  C.  Ainsworth,  president  ;   ,S.  G.  Reed,  vice-i)resideiit  ; 

Tiieodore  Wygant,  secretary  ;  and  H.  A.  Hogue,  agent.     Tlie.se  officials  a.s.sociated  with  R.  R.  Thompson  and 

Z.  V.  Moody,  composing  the  directorate.      The  new  company  built  the  .Uaiy  Moody,  the  first  steamer  to  plj- 

on  the  waters  of  Lake  Pen  d'Oreille,  launched  her  on  April  ,^oth,  and  operated  her  on  a  route  from  the  lower  end 

of  ilif  lake  to  the  east  side  of  Cabinet  Mountains,  a  distance  of  about  .seventy  miles.     The  steamer  went  to  the 

foot  of  Cabinet  Rapids  and  connected  with  the  steamer  Cabinet,  constructed  the  same  year  by  Abranis  &  Co.,  to 

run  to  Thompson  Falls  and  there  meet  the  .Missoula,  running  to  the  mouth  of  the  Jocko.     The  latter  steamer  was 

owned  by  Ilumason  &  Savage  but  afterward  pa.s.sed  into  the  hands  of  the  Oregon  iS:  Montana  Transportation 

Company.     The  lumber  u.sed  in  the  Mary  .Moody  was  whipsawed  from  timber  cut  on  the  ground  near  where  she 

was  launched,  and  the  steamer  was  provided  with  the  old  engines  from  the  /Express.     In  describing  the  steamer 

and  wliHl  was  expected  of  her,  a  writer  in  Harf^er' s  Monthly  has  tha  following  : 

'■  I'aur  months  aftiT  the  first  tree  was  felled  for  licr  slic  was  afloat ;  fifleeii  ilays  after  that  her  steam  whistle  slarlleil  Ihe  eeliii 
oftlie  I  I'luntaiiis,  the  U)iiesoineness  and  invsteriousness  of  which  she  has  fore\er  hanished.  The  elk  anil  hear  anil  red  man  ?.looil 
with  sti,,;  'iteneil  hair  ami  ears  at  the  shrill  challenge  of  the  invader.  The  first  trip  she  hail  oil  hoard  tweuly-five  ))ai'k  animals,  ten 
Ihousaii'l  iiuunils  of  freij^hl,  and  fifty  passengers.  Desij^ned  to  lie  the  first  of  three  hoats  that  are  to  navij.iate  Clarke's  I'ork  of  the 
CiiluiiiliLi  1(1  the  mouth  of  the  Jocko,  a  few  miles  west  of  the  main  raiij;e  of  the  Roekies,  .she  stoiijieil  short  at  the  laiiiliu),'  .it  Ihe  foot 
of  Caliimt  Mountains,  some  fifty  miles  from  her  startiuj.;  point  at  Ten  d'Oreille  City,  the  rapids  above  the  laiiiliii),'  heinj^  too  violent 
to  perniii  her  pushing;  farther  up.  .Above  these  rapids  tlie  second  hoat  will  a.sceiid  to  Thompson's  l''alls,  and  aliove  Tlioiii])sou's  I'alls 
the  third  lioat  will  oomplele  the  chain  of  iiavination  to  Ihe  Jocko.  This  plan  in  operation,  the  northwestern  iiortion  of  Montana, 
yirii;issiiu;lv  rich  in  aKricultunil  facilities,  and  faraway  the  most  beautiful  iiortion  of  the  territory,  the  scenery  of  it  blendiu);  all  the 
sterner  ci  I  loftier  with  all  the  gentler  features  of  Switzerland  and  the  Tyrol,  will  be  pierced  and  opened  from  the  I'acific  and  a 
hiturc  u:  |irosperous  activity  secured  for  it,  which  no  one  can  presmne  at  this  moment  to  shadow  forth,  niuch  less  to  estimate." 


I 


"ry 


146 


Lewis  df  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  PacifiG  Northwest 


i  ; 


The  Cabinet  was  one  hundred  and  thirteen  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  l.cani,  and  four  feet  hold,  with 
engines  thirteen  by  forty-eight  inches.  The  Missoula  was  about  twenty  feet  shorter  and  had  engines  ten  liy 
forty-eight  inches.  Capt.  Robert  Copely  ran  the  MooJy  at  the  beginning  of  her  career,  but  there  was  never  iiuicli 
business  for  the  steamers  in  that  vicinity,  especially  for  those  on  the  upper  portion  of  the  route  ;  and  in  June,  1S70, 
Capt.  Sebastian  Miller  and  Capt.  Shep  Warren,  with  ICngineer  J.  Gallegher,  ran  them  through  Hero  Rapids  to 
the  head  of  Cabinet  Canyon,  one  of  the  most  ditlicult  feats  of  swift-water  navigation  which  has  ever  l)eeii 
attempted,  the  steamers  burying  at  every  plunge.  After  waiting  a  .short  time  for  the  water  to  fall,  the  same  crew 
took  the  boats  down  into  the  lake,  going  tlirough  Cabinet  Rapids  without  difficulty.  They  were  laid  up  on 
the  lake  the  most  of  the  time  until  1S76,  when  the  machinery  wiis  removed  and  shipped  to  Texas  Ferry,  and  thence 
down  the  Columbia.  The  building  of  the  Slioshonc  on  the  upper  .Snake  River  was  a  worse  speculation  than  the 
Montana  steamboat  venture,  and  she  remained  in  idlene.ss  for  nearly  four  years  before  the  company  succeeded 
in  bringing  her  down  where  she  could  earn  something.  In  June,  Capt.  Thomas  Stump  piloted  the  steamer 
Okanogan  over  Tumwater  Falls,  making  the  run  through  from  Celilo  to  the  mess-house  in  twenty-.seven  minute.s, 
The  Okanogan  was  not  .so  well  adapted  to  the  upper  river  as  some  of  the  steamers  left  there,  and  was  more  needed 
below,  as  the  Iris  and  Julia,  which  were  running  as  freight  and  stock  boats,  were  kept  busy  continually,  the 
manifests  of  the  latter  steamer  showing  that  in  two  weeks  she  had  made  thirteen  round  trips  to  the  Casc.ides, 
carrying  910  horses,  253  head  of  cattle,  1,600  sheep  and  100  hogs.  While  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company  was  enjoying  a  state  of  tranijuillity  on  their  other  routes,  the  Cowlitz  trade  was  again  divided  in  the 

summer  by  the  advent  of  the  little  steamer  Kanger,  built  in  Portland  by 
'  "  Capt.  James  N.  Fisher,''  who  placed  her  on  that  route  in  July.     Fisher 

was  chief  owner,  although  M.  M.  (lilman  was  interested  in  the  vessel 
subsequently.  The  Rescue  was  running  to  the  Cowlitz  as  a  mail  boat, 
and  the  newcomer  drew  considerable  business  away  from  her  liefore 
matters  were  adjusted.  In  1867  she  was  on  the  same  run,  goinj;  by 
way  of  Willamette  Slough,  and  the  following  year  was  engaged  in  the 
jobbing  business  until  September,  when  she  caught  fire  while  in  route 
from  Rainier  to  Portland  and  became  a  total  lo.ss.  She  was  one  hundred 
and  thirteen  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  hold. 

The  trouble  which  had  been  brewing  for  .some  time  on  the 
Willamette  came  to  a  head  early  in  the  year,  wlien  the  newly  organized 
Willamette  Steam  Navigation  Company  started  their  steamers  Ali-rl 
and  .  Iclive  on  the  route  from  Portland  to  Corvallis.  The  People's 
Transportation  Company  was  running  the  steamers  Senator.  Captain 
Haughman,  Reliance,  Captain  Pea.se,  Jinlerprise,  Captain  Miller,  and 
J'anny  Patton,  Captain  Jerome  ;  and,  as  soon  as  the  new  company  threw 
down  the  gauntlet,  fares  dropped  until  a  passenger  could  travel  from 
Portland  to  Salem  for  fifty  cents,  with  meals  and  berth  free,  and  to 
Albany  and  Corvallis  for  one  dollar  and  one  dollar  and  a  half 
respectively,  while  freight  was  fifty  cents  per  ton  from  Portland  to 
Oregon  City,  and  no  charge  whatever  was  made  for  pa.ssengers  to  that 
point.  Contests  of  spec'  were  of  daily  occurrence,  and  on  one  trip  in 
January  the  Reliance  and  \.\\^',  Active  raced  the  entire  distance  from  Canemah  to  Salem.  This  ruinous  competition 
was  of  short  duration,  and  in  March  the  two  companies  consolidated.  John  D.  Biles  was  appointed  agent  of  the 
new  organization,  whose  officers  for  the  year  were  ;  A.  A.  McCully,  president ;  >S.  T.  Church,  secretary  ;  Joseph 
Kellogg,  L.  E.  Pratt,  George  A.  Pease  and  E.  N.  Cook,  directors.  Captain  Ankeny  was  running  the  steamer 
Echo  on  the  upper  Willamette,  and  for  a  short  time  the  newly  built  steamer  U.  S.  Craut  connected  with  her 
below  the  falls.  In  1866  Sucker  Lake,  near  Oswego,  was  honored  with  the  presence  of  a  steamboat,  a  small 
sternwheeler  about  seventy  feet  long,  contaiidng  the  engines  from  the  little  steam  scow  Skedaddle,  built  by  Capt, 
George  Pease  several  years  before.  The  new  arrival  l)ore  the  romantic  name  Minnehaha,  was  built  at  Oswego  l)y 
John  C.  TruUinger,"'  now  living  in  Astoria,  and  was  intended  to  navigate  the  waters  of  ,Sucker  Lake  and  the 
Tualitin  River.     She  made  her  first  trip  October  24th,  in  command  of  Capt.  Robert  Copely.     The  Minnehaha  was 


Cait.  H.  a.  Kmke.v 


"  Capl.  James  N.  I'isher  is  a  native  of  New  York,  and,  after  following  the  water  on  the  Kastern  coast  for  a  nunilier  ol 
canifc  to  the  Pacific,  and  in  i.SsS  be),;an  sleanitroatiiij,'  in  the  Northwest  on  the  little  Webfool  No.  j.  lie  was  one  of  tlie  first  1 
to  receive  a  license  in  the  Willamette  district,  and  ran  for  a  great  many  years  on  towhoats  on  the  Columbia,  helow  I'ortlam 
unfortunately  lost  the  kanger  hy  fire  a  short  time  after  she  was  built,  hut  soon  secured  another  steamer  and  has  been  cotUiiui 
the  service  for  thirty-seven  years,  the  last  ten  of  which  were  spent  on  the  Willamette  River,  running  between  Portland  and  ,Si' 
until  the  electric  line  supplanted  steamers  on  that  route.  lie  then  took  charge  of  the  ferry  between  Selhvood  and  the  ij| 
shore  of  the  Willamette. 

"'John  C.  TruUinger  is  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers  in  Oregon,  and,  while  he  has  not  been  interested  in  many  steamboats  ( 
was  a  stockholder  in  several  of  the  early  marine  enterprises.  lie  built  one  of  the  earliest  sawmills  in  Portland,  and  was  tin 
realize  the  importance  of  the  iron  mines  at  Oswego,  where  he  laid  out  a  city  and  produced  the  first  bar  of  |)ig  iron  nianufaci 
Oregon.  He  afterward  removed  to  Astoria,  where  he  erected  a  large  sawmill  ind  supplied  it  with  logs  by  con.strncting  the 
steam-logging  railroad  in  that  part  of  the  State,  He  was  a  mend)er  of  the  J.^gislaturc  in  iSy-,  and  lius  always  been  prou, 
identified  with  public  affairs  in  Astoria,  where  he  is  still  living,  and,  in  addition  to  his  sawmill,  operates  a  large  electric  liglii 


^ears, 
laslers 
I.  He 
dly  ill 
wood, 
posite 

iflate, 
irst  lo 
red  ill 
riiieer 
.elllly 
plant. 


Thu  "Brother  Jonathan"  and  Other  Notable  Wrecks,  Steamboati'ng  on  Interior  Waters 


147 


ncvr;  I  if  much  importance,  and  her  sole  claim  to  distinction  is  that  she  was  the  only  steamboat  ever  launched  on 

tlic  Itkc.     The  steamer  Yamhill,  previously  mentioned,  was  also  running  on   the  Tualitin   between  Colfax  and 

Hill'i'iiro.     The  steamer  l.oyal  lilh-a'orth  of  the  Fanners'  Packet  Line,  which  liad  started  on  the  Cowlitz  the  year 

bulon.',  came  to  Kf'^-'f  '"  h'ebruary  and  was  attached  and  sold  by  the  sheriff.     When  she  was  placed  in  operation 

again  Capt.  II.  A.  Kinkeii,'  the  well  known  pilot,  was  jiiven  command.     Tlie  Chehalis  River,  wliich  had  been 

witlimil  a  steamboat  since  the  ill-starred  expedition  of  the  Eitlcif>rist-  in  1H59,  came  to  the  front  in  the  fall  with  a 

lioiiu- made  production  named  the  Sutsall,  which  was  built  and  operated  by  a  number  of  dwellers  in  the  vicinity. 

.She  w.is  a  small  steamer,  but  had  plenty  of  owners.     Among  them  were  vS.  S.  Ford,  C.  Uthridge,  A.  J.  Miller, 

J.  lioiso,  O.  H.  McFadden,  S.  S.  Ford,  Jr.,  J.  Brady,  S.  Henn    R.  Redmond  and  G.  VV.  Hiles.     At  the  month  of 

the  Columbia  the  ]iilots  were  still  fiKhtiiij,'  the  tugboat  "monopoly,"  as  they  called  it,  and  in  April  they  forced 

tilt  sU;un  tug  Kahboiii  to  give  up  the  struggle  and  return  to  .Sail  Francisco,  with 

her  (iwiiers  much  poorer  than  when   they  arrived  on  the  bar  six  months  before. 

Licenses  were  again   i.ssued   to  the   men  who   had  been  discriminated  against  in 

favor  of  the  tugboat  pilots.     In  October,  Capt.  John  11.  Couch,  James  Taylor  and 

\V.    I''.    Kippen    were   appointed    pilot   commissioners,  and   with  the    new   board 

everytliing  ran  smoothly.     Shortly  after  the  Uabboni's  departure  Captain   Kerns 

offered  the  services  of  his  steamer  I '.  S.  ihaut  to  tow  vessels  over  the  bar  in  good 

weather,  but   the  deep-water  men  were  apparently  afraid   of  her.     She  did  good 

service  on  the  river,  however,  as  also  did  the  new  towboat  Comiiiodoir  Perrw  built 

in  i.Sdfi  for  service  on  the  Columljia.     The  Prny,  while  an  insignificant  craft  in 

some  respects,  is  entitled  to  more  than  pa.ssing  notice  from  the  fact  that  she  was 

the  first  steamer  constructed  on  the  Willamette  or  Cohnubia  exclusively  for  towing 

purposes.     She  was  launched  at  Milwaukie,  April  14th,  for  John  11.  I'erry  &  Co. 

W.  W.  Nelson,  one  of  the  owners,  was  her  first  master,  and  in  1.S69  Capt.  John 

Harluw  took  charge,  handling  the  steamer  until   1H72,  when  she  was  taken  by 

Cai>t.  George  W.  Taylor,  who  ran  her  during  the  last  ten  years  of  her  existence,  *-"*"■  K'^"'*"''  "o'^o" 

cxce])t  at  short  intervals  when   Harlow  had  command.     She  was  only  fifty-one  feet  long,  with  twelve  feet  six 

inches  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  and  was  u.sed  only  in  the  business  for  which  .she  was  intended.     Her  engines  were 

seven  by  twenty-two  inches,  and  they  swung  a  forty-four  inch  propeller.     She  ended   her  days  in   i8,S4,  at  which 

time  Captain  Taylor  replaced  her  with  the  steamer  Os7irf;o. 

On  I'uget  vSound  the  steamer  Jilha  Anderson  met  with  the  customary  periodical  opposition,  her  antagonist 
in  iS(if)  lieing  the  steamer /cw/V  .UiXair.  which  was  brought  up  from  San  Francisco  and  placed  on  the  mail  route 
lictween  Olympia  and  Victoria.  Capt.  J.  (i.  Parker  had  secured  the  postal  contract  and  afterward  released  it  in 
favor  of  Hale,  Crosby  iS:  Wiiisor,  the  pnrcha.sers  of  the  Josic  M<.\'ta>\  who  intended  taking  him  in  as  a  partner  ; 
but,  as  Parker  did  not  like  the  appearance  of  the  /dw,  he  refused  to  join  them,  and  they  began  operating  the 
steamer  in  July.  The  Aiiderson  made  a  desperate  fight  from  the  start,  and,  greatly  excelling  the  MiXear  in  speed, 
forced  the  owners  of  the  latter  to  trade  her  for  a  better  boat.  The  /iwV  .UiA'tttr  was  built  at  Cozzen's  .shipyard  in 
San  I'rancisco  by  the  citizens  of  Petaluina  as  an  opposition  boat,  and  was  named  in  honor  of  a  sister  of  the 
McN\Mrs,  who  owned  five-eighths  of  the  craft.  She  never  accomiilished  anything  in  California,  and,  when 
Captain  Crosby  went  there  to  secure  a  steamer  to  carry  the  mail  on  the  Sound,  she  was  unloaded  on  him  at  a 
sacrifice  and  .started  northward.  She  had  a  long  and  rough  passage  up  from  San  Fraiicisco  and  arrived  in  a  badly 
damaged  condition,  but  was  soon  repaired  and  placed  on  the  Victoria  route,  making  her  first  trip  in  July,  1866. 
The  /:7/:(7  .  Ini/rrsivi  ran  her  pretty  hard  from  the  start,  so  after  a  brief  struggle  the  owners  of  the  AfiA'car,  Hale, 
Crosby  I'v:  Winsor,  made  a  trade  with  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Coini>any  on  the  Columbia  and  secured  the 
fine  steamer  AV,-i'  World,  paying  a  bonus  of  $40,01)0.  The  old  reliable  Andrrsoii  served  the  A'irr  World  just  as 
she  liad  the  /iwc  MiXtar  and  soon  swamjied  the  owners.  Following  the  change  in  ownership  the  /osic  was 
put  1111  the  Astoria  route,  with  Capt.  Henry  A.  Snow  in  charge,  but  shortly  afterward  she  was  used  as  a  jobbing 
hoat,  and  in  1870  Capt.  Richard  Hobson*  ran  her  for  a  long  time  under  charter  to  the  Cementville  Manufacturing 


«! 


K      ■    I.I 


'    1 


Capt.  II.  A.  lunken  was  liorii  in  HriiiU'rhaven  in  |S45  anil  ooninienci'd  liis  marine  career  with  a  voyage  aroiinil  the  Horn  at 
the  ;!).,'('  of  fimrteen.  His  first  visit  to  tile  Nortliwest  was  in  1S60,  ami  t'.arly  in  the  year  ho  retired  from  ileep  water  aiul  enj^a>»e(l  in 
sleauiticiilini;  on  the  f'raser  River.  One  of  his  first  experiences  was  on  tlie  /•'();/  )'alf  when  she  exploiteil  her  boiler  near  Yale. 
Captain  fjiikeii  left  the  river  in  iSf)2  ami  for  the  foUowini^  two  years  was  in  the  Cariboo  mines,  but  in  the  fall  of  1S65  be  took  the 
nveilaiid  ruule  t,i  the  Columbia,  ami  eaine  down  that  stream  as  far  as  Wallula.  Koing  from  there  to  Aloiitana  earlv  in  1866. 
He  retiinii'il  to  tile  Columbia  a  year  later  anil  eny[aj^eil  with  the  /.ovtil  /'^llauvit/i,  an  oilil  a^ipeariu^  siilewlieeler  wilh  a  single 
house  .iihI  open  bull,  receiving  lower  from  geared  eii^;ines.  After  a  short  stay  on  the  /'.y/v.-co/M,  Captain  limken  went  to  the 
steanu-r-  r(/;77('  and  Mitiiiehaha.  Later,  with  Caiitain  Troup  and  Jason  Kello^^.  he  leased  the  steamer  (^;/**(?;//(;,  which  they 
operauil  uii  the  Vancouver  route.  When  the  Oregon  Steam  Navij^atioii  Company  purchased  the  interests  of  the  Willamette 
Transp.iriatiou  and  Locks  Company.  ICmkeii  comnienceil  ruuuinj;  on  steamers  in  their  employ  ami  remained  in  the  service 
contiiiu'i'.isly  until  a  few  years  a^o,  when  he  was  ajipoinled  a  branch  pilot  on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers.  He  was  in 
coinmruid  111  the  Oiklnhiuiia  fur  a  greater  length  of  time  than  any  other  master  who  served  aboard  the  steamer,  and  while  handling 
her  as  ,1  lowboat  met  with  a  miraculous  escape  from  death  when  the  British  ship  .  llliiiiiic  toppled  over  on  her,  destroying  the 
pilnt  li,  n-i.  and  up|>er  works. 

Capt.  Richard  Hobson,  one  of  the  earliest  pilots  on  the  Colunibin,  was  born  in  lui;;land  in  iSjc),  and  camp  to  Oregon  vi<i 
New  Oil.  .Ills  in  iSpi,  H"  '.eft  '•'.  ^S^s  and  ran  a  schoiiiier  oti  the  .Sacramento  Kiver  for  a  while  in  i.S^S  and  1.^49,  but  returned  to 
Oremm  m  i,Si;i),  piloting  there  in  1S52  ami  1.S53.  In  1X54  he  went  to  Australia,  returning  in  i.sdi  and  going  to  the  .Salmon  River 
Kolil-tiiMs.     (Jn  coming  back  from  the  mines  he  began  boating  on  the  Skijianon  and  .\storia  route,  after  which  he  was  cai)tain  on  the 


i  ! 


irS'il:i' 


11 


! 


:  ■}■ 


148 


Uwis  4  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Company.  In  1 871  she  was  extensively  overhauled,  received  the  l)oilers  which  had  been  taken  from  the  .S/^nv, 
and  again  ran  to  Astoria  during  the  winter  season.  Captains  Hughes,  Kandail,  Hoyt,  Kindred  and  otliers 
cominnnded  her  at  different  times,  and  she  gradually  wore  out,  making  her  last  run  in  1.S78.  She  \v  is  a 
sidewhceler,  one  hundred  and  nine  feet  lon^,  twenty-three  feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold,  with  engines  fourtetn 
by  forty-eight  inches.  Victoria's  steam  fleet  was  reinforced  by  the  fine  steamer  Isabii,  a  boat  which  reniaincil  in 
active  service  for  over  a  ([uarter  of  a  century.  The  /suM  v/a»  a  sidewhecl  steamer,  launched  at  Victoria,  July 
25th,  for  Captain  Stump,  owner  of  the  Alberni  sawmills.  She  was  one  hundred  and  torty-six  feet  Idiig, 
twenty-four  feet  beam,  and  nine  feet  hold,  and  started  out  under  Captnin  Chambers,  who  was  succeeded  in  i.s6,s 
by  Captains  I'iim))hlet,  and  Devereaux,  who  retained  liis  position  unlil  1.S70,  when  Stump  sold  her  to  the  Starr 
brothers,  who  put  her  on  the  Sound  route  in  opposition  t.>  the  /'.'//ru  .InJmo)!.  She  went  as  far  as  I'i)rt 
Town.send  and  connected  there  with  the  A/i'i/ii  for  Olympia,  starting  on  the  run  in  September  in  connnaml  of 
Capt.  Dan  Morrison.  On  her  first  trip  she  beat  the  Anderson  fifty  four  minutes  between  Victoria  and  I'orl 
Townseiid.  The  AWth  /'an/ii  came  out  soon  after  this  and  relieved  the  /sabil,  which  was  operated  for  a  while 
between  Victoria  and  Nanaimo,  and  also  as  a  towboat  in  Hritish  Columbia  waters,  Capt.  Charles  Clancey  ami 
Captain  Starr  running  her.  In  1H72  she  was  still  in  the  towing  business,  and  for  the  next  few  years  was 
successively  in  charge  of  Captains  Starr,  Morrison,  Pamphlet,  Ramsey,  Landiiourne,  Robinson,  Hrown,  lUirr, 
Wilson  and  Clancey,  occasionally  relie\  ing  the  North  Pmijir,  and  spending  a  good  portion  of  the  time  tied  up  .it 
Gig  harbor.  In  1888  she  was  purcha.sed  by  R.  Dunsmuir,  and,  after  an  extensive  overhauling  and  receiving  new 
boilers,  was  put  into  service  between  Victoria,  Nanaimo  and  Coniox,  where  Capt.  F.  Revely  handled  her  f(ir  ;i 
short  time,  being  succeeded  by  Capt.  J.  P.  Beiulrodt.  When  Bendrodt  left  her  to  begin  piloting,  the  /subr/ \\:k 
put  in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Hutler.  who  continued  with  her  until  the  new  steamer  /ixc/  was  built  a  few  years  a^o 
to  take  her  place.  The  Aaic/ was  then  tied  up  in  Victoria  harbor,  where  she  remained  until  1894,  whtii  her 
machinery  was  removed  and  the  hull  converted  into  a  barge.  The  steamer  cost  $50,000  to  build,  and  was 
considered  a  remarkably  fine  craft. 

The  wreck  of  the  old  steamer  Curt/wo,  which  had  been  lying  in  idU  .  -.s  since  the  terrible  disaster  wliicli 
occurred  on  her  first  trip,  was  launched  again  in  March,  1S66,  by  Captain  McDougal.  and  reentered  the  career  of 
usefulness  which  had  been  so  rudely  interrupted  a  few  years  before.  The  big  steamer  Aliwondria  was  al.so  refitted 
this  year  by  T.  Pritchard,  who  purchased  her  in  I'ebrnary  for  $5,000  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  after 
repairs  she  began  her  labors  in  command  of  Captain  Swan.son.  The  Ru.ssian-.Vnierican  Telegraph  Company, 
which  had  been  operating  quite  extensively  in  the  Northwest  during  the  previous  year,  built  the  steamer  Munfml 
at  Victoria  and  started  her  out  in  charge  of  Captain  CoflTin.  The  Miin/ord  was  a  sternwheeler,  one  hundred  and 
ten  feet  long,  nineteen  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  eight  inches  hold.  The  same  company  was  still  running  the 
steamship  Cicori^r  S.  Wright,  Captain  Patterson,  master,  James  M.  Douglas,''  first  officer.  The  steamship 
fidelatir,  Captain  lirskine,  entered  a  new  trade,  and  in  June  left  Victoria  for  Portland  with  forty-six  pa.ssengers, 
returning  with  a  good  cargo  and  .several  pas.sengers,  and  remained  on  the  route  regularly.  The  steamer  Murten 
was  built  on  Kamloops  Lake  in  i8f)6,  making  her  trial  trip  May  24th.  .She  continued  in  service  here  for  several 
years,  most  of  the  time  in  charge  of  Capt.  Augu.st  Menenteau,''  but  was  abandoned  for  a  period  after  the  mining 
rush  was  over,  and  started  again  in  the  .seventies,  when  the  settlers  commenced  to  come  into  the  country. 
Another  .steamer  running  well  into  the  interior  of  British  Columbia  in  1866  was  the  /'orty-niiif,  constructed  at 
Little  Dalles  the  preceding  year  by  Leonard  White.  She  left  Little  Dalles,  April  15th,  on  her  first  trip  with 
seventy-three  passengers  and  a  light  cargo  of  freight,  reached  Fort  Shepherd  the  next  day,  left  there  at  noon  and 
made  the  run  across  lower  Arrow  Lake.     On  the  morning  of  the  eighteenth  the  steamer  cleared  the  narrows,  bat 


Josie  AfrXfar,  /{fiuvr,  a\ii\  otlier  river  sleaiiier.s.  He  left  lliis  ))U>!ness  to  enter  llie  customs  service,  l)nt  after  a  sliort  time  truk  a 
tri))  to  the  .Samhvich  Islands  for  his  tiealtli.  Not  flnding  tlie  relief  sought  he  sailed  on  the  hark  /■'alkeiiltirff  in  May,  i>S7S,  fur  lliis 
country,  hut  failed  so  rapidly  that  he  died.  May  24th,  before  land  was  sighted.  The  captain  of  the  bark,  an  old  comrade  of 
Captain  Hobson,  maile  a  special  effort  and  readied  Astoria  in  time  to  enalile  sorrowing  friends  an<l  relatives  to  pay  their  last 
respects  to  genial  Dick.  Hobson. 

"James  H.  Douglas,  nmster  and  pilot,  was  born  on  Long  Island  in  i.S^fi.  When  but  fourteen  years  of  age  he  joined  the  New 
York  "■"  t-boats,  and  later  made  a  voyaj^e  to  Liverpool.  In  1.S53  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  first  oITicer  of  the  ship  A\i/t/i'>\ 
He  maL  a  second  trip  on  her  to  the  (."oast,  and  then  left  her  at  San  I'rancisco  to  join  the  old  steamship  ()iri;oiii(i»,  wlure  lie 
ran  for  a  short  time  as  second  mate.  He  was  next  on  the  Government  sleanishi))  .Utive,  then  snrveyinf;  the  Pacific  Co.ast  and  Vw^tX 
Sound.  .-Vbout  i860  he  joined  the  schooner  Fanny,  trading  around  Vancouver  Island.  He  then  went  ivist  antl  was  111  the 
Government  service  as  ordnance  foreman  until  the  close  of  the  war.  On  his  return  to  the  Coast  he  was  employed  as  watcli  olliier 
on  the  TTnited  .States  steamer  Xt-jvdern,  where  he  remained  until  she  was  sold  in  Alaska.  He  then  moved  to  Pnget  Sound  ami 
joined  the  steamer  Crori;f  S.  ll'rif;hl,  where  he  remained  for  a  year  as  first  ofiicer.  He  was  afterward  on  the  /clalio,  Jlt'"iliiii(i, 
Jolin  A.  Sttpliens,  William  Tabor,  and  tlie  Alaska  mail  steamer  l.ttlle  California,  Captain  Thorn,  serving  on  the  latter  three  Mars. 
.\fter  acting  as  master  for  a  year  on   the  ferry  and   freight  steamer  t'ltaluina,  he  entered  the  Government  employ  as  pilot   111  tlie 

waters  of  Puget  Sound  and  Alaska,  having  received  his  education  in  this  locality  from  pilots  Hicks  and  George.     He  rontii 1  iu 

this  business  for  ten  years  and  then  worked  for  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  as  first  and  second  officer  on  ferry-boats. 

-*Capt.  August  Menenteau  was  born  in  Bordeaux,  I'rance,  in  iH,^4,  and  when  a  young  man  served  three  years  in  the 
Navy,  Bubse(|uently  entering  the  service  of  Great  Britain  and  going  throngli  the  Crimean  War  with  .\dnural  Napier,  rccc 
medal  from  the  Queen  as  a  reward  for  his  bravery.  When  he  left  the  navy  he  sailed  for  the  West  Indies,  ami  on  his  return 
for  San  I'raucisco.  On  reaching  there  he  was  for  a  few  months  on  the  steamship  I'aiific,  running  in  the  Northern  trade,  but 
to  go  on  the  old  steamer  Enterprise  on  the  Kraser  River.  In  1S6S  he  went  to  the  upper  I-raser  and  r.-in  on  Lake  Ka! 
continuing  there  and  on  the  Thompson  River  until  1.S91,  when  he  was  on  the  upper  Columbia  in  the  employ  of  the  Colin 
Kootenai  Navig.ition  Company  for  a  short  time,  and  then  with  Messrs.  Patersou  and  Campbell  purcha.sed  the  steamer  Aiii 
which  he  is  still  operating.  Captain  Menenteau  was  the  first  man  on  the  upper  Columbia  to  obtain  a  certificate  fr^  n  the 
Government. 


reiicli 

i"K  » 
arleil 
It  her 

1|0|«. 

.ia  S: 
■orlh. 


Thu  "Brother  Jonathan"  and  Other  Notable  Wrecks,  Steamboitiny  on  Interior  Wati-rs 


149 


foil  I' 

flltl ' 
ri'iii  i 
rive  I 


the  lower  eivl  of  tlie  upiier  lake  full  of  ice  and  had  some  difficulty  in  making  her  way  throuKh  it.  I>iit 
I  the  river  on  the  nineteenth.  Cnrne.s  Creek  wa.s  pn.s.sed  on  the  twenty-second,  and  Death'.s  Kapids  were 
il  on  the  twenly-fonrth,  at  which  poiiil  the  pas.seii^ers  were  discharged,  and  the  steamer  started  down  the 
txturninK  in  less  than  otie-fonrth  the  liiiK-  occupied  in  K"'"g  "P'  ''''"^  '"""  contract  hetween  Victoria  and 
Sun  I'l.mci.sco,  which  had  always  been  an  important  item  in  the  steamship  business,  was  awarded  in  January  to 
till'  lliulson's  Hay  steamer  l.aboiuherc,  which  received  S!,5i«3  a  trip  for  the  .nervice.  She  steamed  away  from 
Vittniia  on  her  first  voyage  February  1  '111,  carrying,  beside  the  mail,  forty  passengers  and  ninety  tons  of  freight, 
l)nt  nil  her  return  was  wi' 'ked  soon  after  passing  out  of  the  (lolden  (late,  and  the  steamer  ./(•//;/•  was  again 
graiiti.'!  the  subsidy. 

The  diflicullies  which  beset  the  steamboatmen  running  to  the  Fraser  at  night  were  lessened  considerably  by 
tile  es;al)lishment  of  a  lightship  at  its  mouth  in  January,  iS6f) ;  and  another  indication  of  the  growing  importance 
of  the  maritime  commerce  here  was  the  appointment  of  a  l)oard  of  pilot  commissioners,  Cajitains  Cooper  and 
SwaiiMiii  and  Hon.  J.  A  R.  Homer  constituting  the  first  board.  Ks<iuinialt  harbor  was  becoming  ipiite  a  rendezvous 
for  vessels,  and  in  one  day  in  l)ecenil>er  a  Victoria  Coloiii.il  reporter  noted  the  ]>resence  there  of  Her  Majesty's  vessels 
Sullix,  Clio,  Sf>iinoh'  //<nck\  /'oi;,v>;l,  <iiii/>/>lri  and  /iiiiirr,  the  latter  under  charter,  the  rnited  States  steamer 
.S"(ii,'/«i'<i',  steamsliip  (iron^e  S.  W'lighl,  ships  litlmoiil,  livelyii  Wood  and  Niilwlas  lliddh-.  Other  (iovernment 
vessels  at  Ivs(iuiiiialt  during  the  year  were  Her  Majesty's  steamers  Siout  and  .Uni,  the  American  steamers 
Faiiiil/iioy  and  S/in/»id\  and  the  revenue  cutter  l.iticohi,  the  latter  having  recently  arrived  from  the  Hast,  where 
she  hiul  1)een  built  in  iSfi^.  Another  visitor  of  some  importance  at  \'ictoria  was  the  steamship  Coinlauliiie,  which 
came  down  from  Sitka  in  command  of  Captain  I.indfors.  Her  stay  was  brief,  but  she  returned  two  years  later 
and  began  an  eventful  career  along  the  coast.  The  Coinliviliiic  was  an  anti(|ue  appearing  steamship  of  about  500 
tons,  which  had  been  operating  in  the  vicinity  of  Sitka  for  several  years  and  had  made  occasional  trips  down  the 
coast  to  Victoria  and  San  Francisco.  In  1868  she  was  placed  under  the  American  flag  by  her  new  owners, 
Hutchinson  &  Kohl,  and  from  that  time  became  an  important  figure  in  marine  business  in  the  Northwest.  The 
first  year  after  she  assumed  American  '  Mors  she  was  sunk  about  three  miles  south  of  Active  Pass,  and  was  with 
some  (litTiculty  raised  and  towed  to  Port  I.udlow  by  the  steamer  /'idilalcr,  receiving  temporary  repairs  which 
enabled  her  to  proceed  to  San  Francisco,  where  it  was  found  that  she  had  lost  thirt)'  feet  of  her  keel,  and  a  number 
of  her  plates  were  injured.  After  this  damage  was  remedied,  she  again  started  in  the  trade  to  Sitka  with  Captain 
George,  who  afterward  turned  her  over  to  Capt.  M.  C.  F>skine.  In  charge  of  lu  kine  she  ran  north  as  a  mail 
boat,  leaving  Port  Townsend  on  the  twentieth  of  each  month,  and  also  made  occa.Monal  visits  to  California.  In 
1871  she  was  placed  in  the  Portland  and  San  Franciscn  trafl[ic.  in  command  of  Capt.  Charles  Thorn,  and  began  an 
interesting  opposition  to  HoUaday's  line.  She  made  her  first  trip  in  this  .service  in  May,  and  rein.iincd  there 
until  bought  off  in  September.  Her  next  venture  was  on  the  southern  route,  remaining,  however.  ..iit  a  short 
time,  and  in  January,  1873,  was  .sold  to  (loodall.  Nelson  &  Perkins  for  54.5.000,  and  was  put  on  the  run  between 
Santa  Barbara  and  San  Franci.sco.  In  1879  she  was  chartered  for  a  little  while  by  the  Government  and  used  in 
the  engineering  service,  and  after  finishing  this  work  jobbed  around  for  a  few  \ears  and  was  finally  broken  up  in 
1S.S7.  The  Yukon  River,  wdiich  at  this  time  seemed  a  long  distance  from  civilization,  was  visited  in  i.Shfi  by  a 
steamboat,  probably  the  first  which  ever  disturbed  its  waters.  This  steamer,  a  small  sternwheeler  named  the 
Wilder,  was  taken  up  by  the  ship  Nig/iliiigali'.  .She  was  about  sixty  feet  long,  and  after  being  put  in  running 
order  continued  on  the  river  for  two  years,  in  the  service  of  the  Russian-American  Telegraph  Company.  The 
same  organization  sent  a  steamer  of  similar  build  to  the  Anadyr  River,  christening  it  the  Wade.  The  Wilder  was 
in  coniniand  of  a  man  named  Smith,  and  her  engineer  was  J.  R.  Forbes,  "  who  is  at  present  employed  on  the 
Coast  as  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  .S7.  Paul.  The  Telegraph  Company  had  quite  a  fieet  in  Northwestern 
waters  this  year,  including  the  barks  Clara  Belle,  (ioldeii  dale  and  Palmello,  the  schooner  Millon  />adi;er,  and  the 
steamer  Ceorire  S.  Wrii;/i/.  the  latter  under  charter  to  them.  The  A'ii^/i lint; ale.  which  was  the  flagship,  was 
designed  by  the  I'nited  States  naval  constructor  at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  as  a  model  of  American  marine  architecture. 
She  registered  722  tons,  and  was  built  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  for  exhibition  at  the  World's  I'air  in  London  ;  but 
l)cfore  completion  a  difficulty  arose  between  the  contractors  and  the  men  who  backed  the  jiroject,  and  the  ves.sel 
was  sold  at  auction  to  a  Boston  firm,  and,  after  sailing  around  the  world  for  .several  years  in  legitimate  business, 
she  tnnied  up  as  a  slaver  and  made  fortunes  for  her  owners  before  .she  was  finally  .seized  off  the  coast  of  Africa  by 
the  /ii//ie.ilo!r/i,  with  nine  hundred  slaves  aboard.  She  was  condemned  and  bought  by  the  United  .States  Navy 
Department,  and  after  the  capture  of  New  Orleans  was  stationed  as  a  guard  and  .store  ship  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi  River  for  eighteen  months.  .She  was  also  in  use  at  I'ensacola  and  other  points  on  the  (Inlf,  and  when 
the  w  ,ir  closed  was  purchased  for  a  song  by  a'Uoston  house  and  subseiptenlly  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company. 


■J.  R.  Korlies  was  liorn  in  New  York  in  184^  ami  served  his  apprenticeship  at  the  Atlantic  Hock  Iron  Works.  He  then 
wem  cm  (lie  steamer  .Ij'ax  as  third  assistant  and  came  ont  to  tlie  Coast  with  her.  In  1.S65  he  made  two  trips  to  Honnhilii,  and  then 
visittil  .\!aska  on  tlie  liussian-.\nierican  telegraph  exi)e<tition  in  the  ship  Alghlingale.  whioli  carried  two  sixly-fool  sicrnwheel 
tioals.  whifli  were  lilted  up  on  the  Yukon  Kivcr,  wliere  Sir.  l'orl)es  served  as  eii;^iiieer  on  one  of  them,  wliicli  was  called  llie  U'lhler. 
in  c(ii!  Ill  mil  of  Capt.  \',.  .S.  Smilli.  After  two  years  in  Alaska  he  reUinicd  to  San  I'rancisco  and  l)eKiin  niiinini.;  In  Panama  011  the 
sleanu  ; ^  .l/t)\('5  '/ aylor  'A\\t\  Xei'iula.  iWuX  suhsecpieiitly  north  as  first  ami  second  assistant  uii  the  /^t'lit'ii/t.  Idaho  Ajar.  I'iiloria, 
l.iK  .  I  ,7,s,  and  oilier  sleamsliips.  I'lir  the  jiast  ten  years  he  has  lieen  on  the  Alaska  route,  the  greater  part  of  the  time  with  the 
sleaiih  1  ■,  h'ayluk.  Ilerlha  and  .SV.  Paul,  and  is  at  present  chief  engineer  of  the  latter. 


f. 


'i       I 


j    1 

'  ■■ 

1  i 

\  ' 

I    i 


r;': 


15" 


Uwia  (J  Drydon's  Marinu  History  of  thv  RacHic  Northwest 


The  stcnitislii|)  Imsiia-ss  lit-tween  San  I'Vaiu'isoo  mid  tin.'  N'orlli  liiul  Ihlmi  loiuliiotcil  for  scvt'rnl  nimilliH  in  a 
hiKhly  reimiiR-iativc  inaiiiicr  by  the  Califuri'in  Strain  Niivij;atiiin  Company  ami  tlii'  California,  Orijjon  M:  MiAico 
Stenmship  Company,  who  were  working  in  harmony  with  a  passciijior  rate  of  5^5  anil  $.'5  ;  bnt  early  in  the  >oar 
a  Maine  \'ankee  came  ont  from  I'le  luist  with  the  new  steamship  Moiildini.  wliiiU  lu-  starleil  on  the  Norllurii 
route  to  compete  with  the  two  olil  lines,  redncing  the  fare  to  jfl.'o  and  $n\  a  lalc  which  was  promptly  mil  l)\  ilu- 
other  steamers  and  afterward  rednced  to  Sm  and  $},.  I'atton,  the  owner  of  the  .^/oiiliiiiii,  was  handicapped  at  ilic 
ontset  by  having  only  one  steamer  ;  but,  as  he  had  another,  the  Idiilw,  on  the  stocks  in  Maine,  much  confidence  was 
expressed  in  the  ability  of  his  Anchor  Line  to  make  n  hard  fiKht.  Kates  were  cut  to  almost  nothiiiK,  and  whilo 
the  travel  was  remarkably  large  it  was  unprofitable,  and  I'atton's  boats  eventually  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
North  Pacific  Transportation  Company,  which  was  a  combination  of  the  interci.ts  of  the  California  Str.un 
Navigation  Company,  the  California,  ( )regon  \  Mexico  Steamship  Company,  and  the  .Anchor  Line.  The  stcani'.liip 
Monlaua  was  built  at  Math,  NFe.,  in  i.Shs,  and  left  New  York  in  October  for  San  I'rancisco.  calling  at  Kio  Janeiro 
and  V'al|)araiso  on  the  way  <nit.  The  .Uoiiliiiiii  registered  one  thousand  and  three  tons,  and  was  two  hundred  and 
twelve  feet  long,  thirty-one  feet  beam,  and  twenty-two  feet  hold,  drawing  eleven  feet  of  water.  In  h'ebruary,  isdfi, 
her  owner,  G.  V.  Patton,  put  her  on  the  Portland  route  with  Capt.  J.   U.  Kelly  in  connnand.     When  she  was 

bought  by  lloUaday,  Thorn  was  jilaced  in  charge,  followed 
by  Williams,  Sherwood,  Holies,  Carroll,'  and  others.  She 
continued  to  run  north  for  several  jears,  and,  when  adveiMty 
overtook  Holladay  and  his  California,  Oregon  &  Mexico  .Steam- 
ship Company,  was  .sold  in  San  h'ranci.sco  for  $65,1  k«i.  Site 
was  not  very  strongly  constructed,  and  a  few  years  afterward  lier 
machinery  was  removed  and  the  hull  burned  on  the  i^acraineiitd 
River  mud  tlats.  As  the  rivalry  lasted  through  the  greater  |iart 
of  the  year  there  were  more  steamships  on  the  route  than  iluiinj; 
the  previous  season.  Among  the  newcomers  were  the  Conti- 
urnldl  and  the  Orijlamme,  which  became  noteil  as  HoUaday's 
llagsliip,  where  the  transportation  king  was  wont  to  dispense 
hospitality  with  a  lavish  hand  on  many  a  junketing  trip.  The 
Contiiuiitiil  was  built  in  l'hila(leli)hia  in  i,S(i4  for  the  (/nverii- 
ment,  but  after  the  close  of  the  war  her  services  were  not 
reiiuired,  and  she  was  purchased  by  Hen  Holladay.  She  was 
constructed  of  oak  and  hickory  and  was  of  the  following  dimen- 
sions :  length,  two  hundred  and  eighty-five  feet  ;  beam,  thirty- 
six  feet  ;  depth  of  hold,  seventeen  feet  ;  with  engines  fiflv  by 
forty-five  inches.  As  the  vessel  which  brought  the  "  Mercer 
girls"  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  the  Coiilhwiilal  enjoyed  more  than  a 
local  reputation.  In  this  comiection  it  may  be  mentioned  that 
the  nund)er  of  these  women  has  been  greatly  exaggerated. 
A.  S.  Mercer,  the  orginator  of  the  ])rojecl  of  peopling  llie 
shores  of  the  Pacific  with  imjiortations  of  the  fair  sex  from  the 
capt.  Jamf.s  Carboi.1.  Last,  failed  to  .secure  anywhere  near  the  crowd  recpiired  to  nialce 


•'  Capt.  James  Carroll  was  liorn  in  Ireland  in  1.S40,  nnil  left  tliere  willi  liis  relatives  when  a  mere  child.  His  nnirine  experience 
rnnnneneed  on  the  lakes,  sailing  out  of  Cliiea>;u  from  1S57  to  1.S611,  lie  then  went  to  New  York  and  starleil  for  China  on  the  Imrk 
f/a:ik:iii,  Imill  for  a  t'liinese  man-ol'-war,  ami  on  arrival  at  the  Orient  ran  there  in  the  roasting;  trade  lor  a  year.  He  arriveil  ai  ,Saii 
I'raneiseo  in  IS62  on  the  old  clipper  .S'ri'ii;,//;*/;.  I'mm  the  Hay  City  he  went  to  the  Sandwieh  Islands,  and  afterward  retnrmd  tci 
Cork  in  the  ship  .  l>ii;/(i-S,i.viiH,  eoniinanded  liy  Capt.  John  Caverley,  now  of  .San  l-'raneiseo,  v;oinK  thenee  to  Liverpool  anil  llnvtini 
and  then  for  two  years  sailing  nnt  of  New  York  in  the  Trowhridgc  line  for  the  We.st  Imlies.  In  the  latter  iiart  of  iSOs  he  sliippiil 
from  the  liastern  metropolis  as  seeoinl  mate  of  the  ship  A'ii///ii,  lionnd  for  San  h'raneiseo,  and  on  arrival  lie^an  rniniiii),'  North  011 
the  Moiilaiiii,  then  on  the  ronle  in  opposition  to  the  Holladay  line.  He  soon  left  the  steamer  and  ni.ide  a  triji  to  China  as  sei  iinil 
mate  of  the  hark  .S'.-,7(//ii7(',  which  conveyed  .\nson  liiirlinna'me  to  China  to  complete  the  fainons  treaty  which  bears  his  name.  On 
his  return.  Captain  Carroll  eiUered  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Mail  .Steamship  Ccnni)any  as  second  and  lirsl  ollicer,  reinainiiij;  «ith 
them  until  iS6ij,  when  he  retnrned  to  HoUaday's  employ.  In  the  fall  of  1S70  he  received  his  first  command,  the  steamship  J/,'ii:,nhi. 
on  which  he  had  lieunn  as  a  sailor  fonr  ye.irs  liefoie.  I'roni  that  lime  he  remained  eontiiuionsly  in  eharne  of  the  Holl  I'lay 
steamships  and  those  of  its  snceessor  until  1S7S,  when  he  took  eommand  of  the  l.ig  sidewheeler  (iini/  h'lpiihli,,  rnniiinK  to  I'liitliiiid 
as  an  opposition  steamer,  .\fler  her  wreck  on  .Sand  Island,  at  the  month  of  the  Colnmliia,  Captain  Carroll  served  as  master  011  tlic 
steamer  Alixauiln-  Duncan  for  a  short  time,  and  from  her  went  to  the  /dalio,  linii'kn.  A/iwim,  and  various  other  steanivliips 
on  the  .-yiaska  ronte  in  the  course  of  the  past  ten  years,  anions  them  the  liiiesl  which  have  plied  to  the  land  of  the  midnight  sun  hiiiI 
during  that  time  has  enlerlained  tlionsands  of  tourists  from  all  jiarts  of  the  world.  He  is  regarded  as  the  prince  of  good  fellow^  la 
all  who  travel  with  him.  hut  never  allows  his  gallantry  and  hospitality  to  interfere  with  his  duly  aboard  shi]!.  .V  .story  indiealneof 
this  characteristic  is  told  by  a  passenger  who  made  the  .-Ma.ska  triji  with  him.  in  the  summer  of  iSy.),  on  the  steamship  (Jni'i  11.  A 
large  party  of  tourists  were  aho.ird,  and  they  were  very  anxious  to  visit  .111  Indian  vill.ine  near  a  point  which  the  steamer  u  is  to 
reach  in  the  night.  The  passengers  knew  that  they  were  sehednled  for  a  brief  slop  only,  lint  they  eonehideil  to  atleini't  to 
accomjilish  their  jinrpose  by  persuading  the  Ca]>lain  to  remain  there  nnlil  the  ne.xt  day.  .\  petition  was  aecordinnly  drawn  ii|>:iiiil 
signed  by  nearly  every  one  on  board,  and  the  ilut\'  of  jiresentinK  it  to  the  i^eiiial  skipper  was  assigned  to  a  eharming  lady  w'o  at 
meal  time  oecn])ied  the  seat  of  honor  next  lo  the  Captain.  She  approached  the  Captain  with  a  most  eiijjaging  smile  and  li.ndwl 
him  the  docnment.  He  read  it  carefully,  and,  rettirnnig  it  to  her,  said  :  "  My  dear  madam,  I  regret  very  niueli  to  ilisap]ioint  von  anci 
yonr  friends,  bnt  this  steamship  is  not  run  by  petitions.  We  will  sail  on  sehednle  time."  Captain  Carroll  is  one  of  the  few  Mien 
who  have  been  fortunate  in  outside  speculations  while  still  remaining  on  the  water.  He  has  lar^e  holdings  in  Alaska,  am!  1  few 
years  ago,  when  the  proposition  to  purchase  Alaska  from  tile  Ciovcrnment  was  made,  he  was  one  of  the  symlicate  who  sic  1  i" 
readiness  to  pay  for  the  territory. 


li 


The  "Brother  Jonathan"  ami  Othvr  Notabh  Wrevks,  Steamboat ing  on  Interior  Watvrs 


'5« 


llic  uMliirc  profitiihlc.     I'lic  imiiieH  of  tlic  "girls'  of  tliis  imicli-lu'ralik'd  i'x|ii.'(litioii  were  an  rollowx  :    the  MisHcs 

lk•llM^^;ll,lm,  C.riiioUl,  II.  Sti'wart,  Davidson,  V.  Onlliiis,  A.  WVir,  Uliodis,  M.  Ki'iiiicy,  Roliiiisdii,  Atkinson,  K. 

l,„i,|    i:    llanin,  C.  Ilai-on,  N.  Iv  MatiniiiK,  M.  A.  ('iiilVni,  M.  Stapli'S,  M.  J.  Siuitli,   A.    I't'cldc,   I,.    VvvhW,  Jnlia 

Ciilluif,  Ida  IlarU)w,  I,.  Barry,  A.  Morton,  A.  MilliT,  Lawrence, 
1  Conner,  I'!.  A.  Sti'vi'iis,  M,  Martin,  l'",  Sicvens.  (ttlier  incndnrs  of 
Mitcit's  party  on  the  (  iiu/iiirn/n/  were  ;  Mrs.  Chnse  nn<l  two  children, 
Mrs.  (irinold,  Mrs,  Oshorii  and  child  Mrs.  Pearson  and  danKhtcr, 
Mrs.  J,  S.  I.ord  and  son,  Mrs.  .Stephitison  and  child,  Mrs.  C  I,. 
S|>atildinj?,  Mrs.  Itnckininster,  Mrs.  Warren  ami  two  sons,  C.  F. 
Ilarnard  and  wife,  I'eterson,  wife  and  three  i  liildreti,  A.  A.  MatniiiiK 
and  wife,  Iv  Petty,  wife  and  child,  Wakenian,  wife  and  child,  J.  Wilson 
and  wife,  Weeks  and  wife,  C.  Koardinaii,  wife  and  child,  W.  I,.  Mercer 
and  wife,  J.  Hojjart  and  wife,  Jeri^o  and  wile,  Messrs.  Rhodes,  F.  Read, 
Treen,  Kello^K.  Conant,  I.ewis,  Walkins,  Ilorton,  Stephenson,  Hills, 
Wehster,  Stevens,  (iifford,  A.  S.  Mercer  and  S.  S.  iMngley.  The 
director  of  the  enterprise  liecaine  liiiancially  involved  as  the  resnit  of 
his  specnlation,  and  many  of  his  passenj;ers  were  olilined  to  make 
their  way  to  various  points  in  the  Northwest  in  the  !)est  manner 
possilile.  The  ('iiii/ii,,>i/(i/  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  April  .'.(tli,  in 
command  of  Ca|>lain  Witisor,  and  proceeded  to  Portland  a  few  days 
later  with  a  portion  of  the  Mercer  colony.  The  steamei  wa  .  snhse- 
([nently  in  the  Mexican  trade  for  a  few  months,  lint  went  back  on  the 
Northern  route  nuniti  in  i.Sd;,  conliiuiinK  there  most  of  the  time  until 
\H<H),      Winsor   was    s\ic  _____ 

ceeded    in    command    hy  I 

Captains    Dall,   Holies. 

Tlioni,  Mcl/Kcr,  and  others.     William  Law,  "  the  well  known  en^i- 

nter,  came  out  with  her,  and  John   l'"arrell  '  was  one  of  the  water- 

liMiders.     Capt.  Chris    Dall    finally   lost    the   vessel    in    the   Oulf  of 

Califiiriiia  in  1S70  (.see  wreck  of  Coiitiiieiilnl,  1S70).     The  steamslii)) 

OyilUtnniic  was  built  in  New  York  in  18(14  for  a  (lovernment  >;unl)oat, 

liiU  liy  tile  time  she  was  completed  the  war  was  .so  near  its  close  that 

she  was  never  put  in  commission,  but  instead  was  sold  and  entered 

the  China  trade,  running;  for  a  year  between  Hongkonj;  and  Shaunliai, 

ooiiiinn  to  San  Francisco  early  in  i8f)f),  where  she  was  bonjjht  by  Hen 

Ildlliidav  for  the  Northern  route.     She  was  a  sidewheeler,  with  the 

rc^jul.ilioti  beam  eii);ine,  fifty-six  by  one  hundred  ami  twenty  inches. 

Her  iliniensions  were  :    length,  two  hiuidrcd  and  forty   feet  :    beam, 

lliirly  three  feet;  depth,  twenty -one  feet;    toluiane,  about  one  thou- 

siuid  two  hundred  tons.     She  arrived  at  Portland  on  her  first  trip, 

Jam-  .'(,  iSiifi,  in  command  of  Capt.  I'raucis  Conner,  and  continued 

plyiiiK  North  almost  uninterruptedly  for  the  next  ten  years.     Holies, 

Tliiini,  Ciodfrey,  Hewitt,  Floyd,  Winsor  and  others  .served  as  master 

at  various    times,    while    engineers     Hrawley,  "    King,  '   Shepherd, 

Grilliii     and  a  ho.st  of  others  ci|ually  well  known  have  handled  her 

machinery.     When  Hen  Holladay  was  in  the  zenith  of  his  fame  and  j,,ii.v  i-akkiii. 


?'.  '  H 


Wii.i.iAM  Law 
Mcl/ger,  and  others. 


\  mm 


■'William  I, aw  Wiis  licirii  ill  Ni'W  ViiiU  City  in  i.S(S,  ami,  alliT  IciiriiiiiK  his  trade,  lieijaii  niiiniii}.;  frDiii  New  York  to  China. 
Ill  iSd'i  In-  iiiadf  his  (irsl  voyaur  Id  San  I'raiuisi'o,  loiiiitiH  <ml  mi  the  stiMiiier  Conliiutitiil  wlieii  slic  iii.nU'  Ikt  (hiikuis  trip  with  ilie 
Mon'fi  L^iils.  lie  rt'inaiiH'il  with  llie  i  'on/itu'titn/  for  two  yi'ais,  ami  tlieii  ran  on  the  sltMUu-r  .  Uiii't-  to  Victoria  for  nearly  a  year, 
Iimviiil;  Iht  to  HO  on  tlie  steanisliip  (>iri;iiiiiii>i.  He  was  next  in  the  China  mail  service  for  several  years,  anil  on  leaviiiK  that  route 
UM^  iiiiiiiiii^  coastwise  from  San  I'rancisco  as  chief  engineer  on  the  steamer  \t':i'/>i'rit  for  six  years,  ^^oiii);  from  her  to  the  steamer 
.l/ii  .'.■',  where  he  remained  the  same  length  of  time.     I'or  the  jiast  few  vears  lie  has  heen  chief  en),'iiiecr  of  the  steaiiisliip  C7/r  1'/ 

'loliii  I'arrell,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Ireland  ill  iS|2,  and,  after  learning  his  trade,  heKUii  rnniiiiiK  hetsvcen  New  York  ami 
As|iiii\\  ill  on  thesteainship  .\\»ili  Sliii  in  uSfi^.  He  came  to  the  Tacilic  Coast  in  i.Sdfi  as  svater  tender  on  tjie  sleaniship  Ci<tiliii,'Hlal, 
Mv\  l;iiMi  her  went  to  the  Ihi  Xm/r,  remaining  there  until  she  was  wrecked,  .\fter  reaching  San  I'rancisco  he  worked  on  the 
.1/1"//,";,/,  ('/lintt  and  .  /ArvX'i/,  ruiiiiiii>^  most  of  the  time  in  the  China  trade  ;  and,  when  the  latter  vessel  was  wrecked  in  a  typhoon  ill 
Cliiiii  lie  returned  to  .Sail  l''raiici.sco  and  eiitereil  the  eniphiy  of  the  I'acilic  Coast  Steamship  Company,  reinainiiig  with  tliem,  except 
ill  liiifi  intervals,  for  sixteen  years,  as  sccoiul  assistant,  iirst  assistant  and  chief.  He  has  recently  heen  engaged  as  chief  engineer  on 
the  vli  Miner  Gios  Hay. 

I  laniel  Hrawley,  engineer,  was  horn  ill  Ireland,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  old  steamslii])  SiM  Itinl,  and  ran  for  nearly 
a  (|ii,iit<.r  of  a  century  "in  the  Pacific  INIail  employ  as  chii'f  of  the  steamships  Aft'iilaiia,  Sairiniiiiila,  (.'olttiii  Cily,  Siiiiit  .ViVtii/ii, 
Coiiir,  iiid  other  well  known  vessels.  He  left  the  Pacific  Mail  Company  to  .accept  a  position  as  chief  engineer  in  the  ferry  service 
lor  tlh  r:iilr()atl  company,  ami  died  in  San  I'raticisco  about  twelve  years  ago. 

Heiinis  \V.  King  was  horn  in  Newjersey  in  iS.tS,  and  is  a  son  of  James  King,  one  of  the  oldest  engineers  on  the  Coast.  He 
scrvei!  Ins  apprenticeship  at  tlie  Union  Iron  Works,  San  rrancisco,  .iiid  in  1S67  joined  tlie  .steamship  Colonulo,  where  he  served  for 


TH 


TTTTTl 


ill 


I) 


I.S2 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortlwest 


iJKN    IlOM-AnVV 


power,  he  frequently  used  tlie  Onjlijiinm-  as  a  private  yaclit,  and  men  who  were  favored  witli  the  fricudsliip  of 
"good  old  Ben"  in  those  days  can  still  recall  many  occasions  whei.  the  decks  of  the  Orijhimmc  were  damp  with 

the  champagn'.?.  which  flowed  freely  as  water,  as  did  everythiii;^  else 
when  Holladay  was  entertaining.  The  Oiijhuiniir  iiassed  out  of  i\ist- 
ence  several  years  ago,  hut  it  will  he  a  long  while  before  the  jolly  limes 
on  boara  during  the  Holladay  n'gimc  will  be  forgotten  1)\  eitln  r  the 
guests  or  those  whose  na;iies  were  on  the  payroll. 

Other  steamshi]xs  running  North  in  ii<(i6  were  the  .Ir/iir  in  the 
British  Colui:'!  ia  mail  .service,  the  Ori-ala,  /'ad/ir,  Siena  .\'<:<id,:.  /),■/ 
'.'oi/i\  and  the  old  sidewheeler  Culi/oniui.  The  encroachments  of  steam 
on  the  trade  once  handled  exclusively  by  sailing  vessels  was  now  begin- 
ning to  be  felt  more  than  ever,  and  in  January  the  bark  CamhiJge, 
which  had  sailed  for  years  between  the  Columbia  River,  Victori;i  iind 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  was  withdrawn  from  a  route  which  a  few  venrs 
before  had  yielded  fortunes  to  craft  of  her  class.  The  master  of  the 
Caiiiluhiiic  gave  as  a  rea.son  for  her  discontinuance  that  the  stininers 
^i'7V^"1W^  ^^^H^^V^       between  the  Islands  and  San  Franci.sco  would  take  the  freight,  reship  it 

'^W     ..;'  V-'M  ^^^^KmMr       ""  ■'^t'^''""'^'"!'-'*  •''l  the  Bay  City,  and  deliver  it  to  Northern  jiorts  cheaper 

^W    .i^ii^Bi  ^^^BKt  '''''*"  ''""'  ^^"'"K  vessels  could  handle  it  without  transfer.     The  dniihi,!,^, 

-       ■  s^^R  ^^^^^W  was  the  l.ist  of  the  regular  traders  to  abandon  this  traffic,  alllioiigli  a 

nuuiber  of  other  coasting  vessels  made  occasional  trips  there  for  several 
>  ears  thereafter.     Another  cargo  of  lumber  was  bri)nght  to  the  Columbia 
in  i,S6f)  by  the  schooner  Ptui/ic,  Captain  Gage,  which  arrived  in  March 
from  Mendocino  with  uxi.doo  feet  of  redwood.      New  vessels  appeariiii; 
among  the  saiiing  fleet  at  Victoria  and  on  I'uget  .Sound  were  the  Iiarks 
/u>>/(-nt  Chill,  Captain  Kraser,  from  Liverpool  ;   Onward.  Captain  Tibbetts,  in  the  Telegraph  Company's  service: 
CamJtii,  Captain  Mitchell  :   Rainit-y,  Captain  Ilayden  ;■'  Maikry,  Captain  Hughes,  from  Hilo  ;  I'riiur  A/nisc/iiiv/f, 
Captain  Bensanann,  iVom  .Sitka  ;    the 
ships   Seirni,   Captain    Cragie,    from 
London  ;    Soiil/uyn    i  ivss.  Captain 
.McDonald  ;     Ihiois.    Captain     Green- 
lief  ;     Czaroiii'-.   C  a  p  I  a  i  n    Alexau- 
droff;    Mo/ia:,'k,  Captain    Davis,  from 

two  years  as  water-tender  aiul  oiler.  He 
was  next  on  the  Golden  .  /.<;c  and  G'lislilti- 
lioii,  and  for  a  sliorl  time  ran  as  seti  m\ 
assist.'int  on  the  steamer  Oriztiha,  K''-"K 
Trom  lier  to  tlie  I'elieaii  as  first  assistant  lor 
two  years.  He  was  also  jirst  assistant  on 
the  /'iiei/ie,  ami  ran  as  first  and  seeonil 
assi:  tant  in  tlic  Ilnfiaday  line  for  three 
years,  and  was  snljseiinenily  employed  ttn 
the  /;»;/•'(<■  for  a  sliorl  time,  and  in  187,^ 
hej;an  workini^  on  the  Central  Pacifie  ferries, 
remainim'  there  fiir  si\  years,  and  leaving 
to  lake  a  position  asliorc  willi  llic  California 
.Street  I'.ailway  Compaay.  In  iSSo  he  went 
l)aek  to  the  I'aeifie  Mail  service  as  ehief 
eiiKiiieer  of  the  tnj;  Milieu  Ctiffilli  for 
Ihlrlcen  years,  leaving  her  in   1.S93. 

".vlfred  Shepherd,  engineer,  was  l«-ii  in  Irelaml  in  iS^i,  ami  came  to  the  I'acilio  Coast  in  iSsji  on  the  steamer  lloHvii  and 
on  arrival  was  transferred  to  the  lu  itinfoi  ami  ran  fi>r  a  \ear  between  San  I'*ram'i.,co  and  South  Ameriean  purls.  Me  was  iu-\t  on 
tlie  steamers  ,\V,'.'  Oileixti^  ami  It'intiehl  Seetl,  reniaininj;  with  tlie  latter  \es>cl  until  she  was  wrerki-d,  ami  then  joiniiiv.'  llie 
steamshiiis  ('('///»//»/(/ and  /Ov»/('h/ riiniiin>;  north.  .-Xfter  leaving.;  the  rortland  route  he  riiii  to  Panama  for  several  nioiitIi>,  "ii  the 
steamers  Sa*i  i.iiis,  Sttulit  Cite:  and  O'i'li/eit  .  /c,  reliriiij^  from  the  latter  steamer  on  aerount  of  ill  health  after  two  years'  st  rviee. 
While  on  shore  he  assisted  in  plaeiiij.;  the  maeliiiiery  in  tlie  Cohhintln  ,  then  hnildin^,  ami  look  ehari^e  of  her  until  the  fioveiniiieiil 
engineers  came  out  from  the  Hast  to  receive  her  He  then  letunied  to  the  Portland  roiile  and  ran  North  for  four  years  11  llir 
Ot t/liii/nne.  cli.iiiK'iiiK  from  her  to  the  steamers  .ijiiw  /nini  /..  Sie/fl/r  11^.  (  ttiifonihi  .'iml  /JtiliD  in  the  same  eiiii>loy.  heiii"  with 
Holladav's  steamers  fi)r  eleven  \eais.  and  when  Holladav  sold  on'  ^'oinj^  to  tlii-  .  Iiitre,  niiiiiin^  to  \'ictoria  for  si\  months.  "  itlier 
steamships  on  whicli  KiiKiiuer  Shepherd  has  ser\e<l  are  the  fj'ttwre  '/ei/'<iir  hetweeii  .San  rr.inci'-co  and  .San  I.iiis  Ohispo.  the  ^/eSl■^ 
Tmh'i  U)  Honolulu  ami  I'orllaml,  the  Piieifie,  .{itala.  l.oi  .  I»i;eles,  .hieeii  .ind  F.inpi'e  in  the  norUieni  trade,  the  Oii-ii/n:  ;ci,Saii 
Die^o.  and  the  <  hjet'i  on  the  same  route.  He  also  served  lor  a  slutrt  lime  on  the  ste;iiner  ^  ('Ws/i/«//;/f'.  leaving  her  to  work  ti  llie 
shops  of  the  Pacific  Coavt  Steamship  Company.     .Miont  1SS7  he  joined  the  steamer  i:nrei\i  and  has  remained  witli  her  since. 

'John  W.  (Trillin  w.is  horn  in  Ireland  in  1S41,  ami  scrveil  his  appr'Hticeship  as  an  onnineer  at  Whitehaven,  luijil.i  !  lii> 
first  experience  .at  sea  beinj;  on  the  steamship  Oneen  of  it'/iileiiti:'eii,  .vliere  he  ran  as  second  enj^ineer.  He  was  afterw  '1  on 
various  other  sleamsliips,  ami  ran  to  .South  .\inerica  for  ahoiit  six  years,  sjieiidin^'  three  years  of  that  time  in  the  Pertivi'ii    Navy. 


■  OKIl'I.AMME' 


In  iS^i')  he  came  to  the  racifie  Coast  ami  joiiu-ti  the  steani--liiii  Onfl'Unnie  as  secoml  assistant  with  cliie''  Jo''ii  I 

iisli 
ept 


hill  soor 


anil  remained  ashore  for  two  \  ears,  sulisefpieiitly  entering  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamsliip  Comiiany,  rniinin^,'  to  Cn 
I'anama  Un  four  vears.  He  afterwanl  worked  on  the  ste.imers  of  (loodall  vS:  Perkins'  line,  ex-ept  at  brief  intervals,  until  iS.j. 
he  wa;  cliief  of  the  steamer  ll'ilii:iiij;/i>n  for  ei;;liteen  months. 

■"  Capt.  William  ( I.  Haydeiiwas  born  ill  M.iine  in  1S40.  ami  ser\cil  for  si \  years  on  the  .\tlaulic  Coast  before  comin 
On  his  arri\'al  he  was  for  a  short  lime  on  the  hark  I'einoft  from  San  I'rancisco  to  P<jrl  (tainble,  but  in  \^U\  went  back  to  Ma' 
built  the  bark  h'aiiiiei:     .She  was  launched  in  June,    1.^(15,  ami  Captain  Hayiien  look  her  lo  .New  York,  where  .she  w,is  load 


:l  her 
L  aii'l 
when 

.Vest, 

ali'l 

.  aii'l 


7"/;t'  "Brother  Jonathan"  and  Other  Notable  Wrecks,  Steamboating  on  Interior  Waters 


153 


Grave      :t\  :    Koval  Tiir,  Ca])taiii  M;uk,  from  London  ,  and  the  Hndson's  I?ay  ship  /^rhnr  of  W'nhs,  from  London. 

'I'lie  /■'    iiciil,  which  in  early  days  was  a  well  known  steamship  on  the  Northern  ronte,  reappeared  at  Seabeck  in 

Angus'  as  a  barkentine,  and  in   that  ri^  continned  in  the  hiinber  trade  many  years.      Adams,  lUinn  iv.  Co.  were 

her  IK'  >  owners.     The  schooner  Alushu  wr.  ,  completed   at   I'ort  Townsend   in    iS^fi  and   made  her  first   trip  to 

I'orthii!  I  in  December.     She  was  a  well  hnilt  vessel  of  14(1  tons  register,  constrncted  and  operated  by  the  Calhonns 

i)f  IVii'  Town.send.     Capt.  Rnfus  Calhoun''  had  command  for  a  few  years  and  made  several  trips  with  her  to  the 

SaiuhM'  11  Islands.     .\  couple  of  scow  schooners,  which  were  used  mostly  in  river  navigation,  were  set  afloat  on 

tiie  C'lilinnbia.     One  of  these,  the  /Hack-  Rfpiihliavi.  was  put  together  at  Rainier  by  Capt.  H.  ("irounds,  who  had 

s.iiletl  ihe  W'livr  and  Ca/ir/ii'om  on  the  river  twenty  years  before.     She  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  feet  long 

and  Ittviityfonr  feet  beam,  and  though  of  light  draft  could  carry  a  large  cargo.     The  other,  the  A/n  .lint,  was 

laiuicluil  on  Lewis  River  by  Capt.  Thomas  Vance  of  Vancouver,  and  was  something  over  eighty  feet  in  length, 

with   a   capacity  of  about    forty  tons.     There  was  a  maiked  difference  in  the  number  of  marine  casualties  as 

conipan.il  with  the  preceding  fatal  year,  and  about  the  only  .serious  disaster  was  that  which  overtook  the  pioneer 

steamship  /.iiboKthfir  near  San   h'rancisco.     The  accident  happened  during  a 

verv  lieavy  fog,  and,  after  backing  off  the  reef,  she  steamed  mi  the  ojien  .sea 

until  tlie  next  morning.     The  water  was  kept  from  gaining  .ii.iil  5:iii>  A.  m., 

when  the  vessel  filled  rapidly  from  a  new  leak.      At  5:30  there  were  two  feet 

of  water  in  the  engine-room,  ..nd  a  few  minutes  later  all  hands  were  called  on 

deck,  as  there  was  no  chance  of  ,  aving  the  vessel.     The  boats  were  lowereil, 

and  Captain  Mouatt  was  compelled  to  fire  on  a  hasty  passenger  who  insisted 

(111  pr.-a-ding  the  ladies.       lyght  boats  were  loaded  and  stalled  fi)r  shore   but 

one  of  them  up.set  before  getting  away  from  the  ship,  drowning  the  colored 

cook  and  a  miner  named  Marshall.     The  steward,  Scott,  who  is  still  living  at 

\'ittoria,  and  two  others,  were  rescued.     The  captain  and  twenty-three  others 

remained  on  the  wreck    hut  were  taken  olT  by  an   Italian  fishing  smack  just 

before  tlie  npi>er  deck  cai>in  lloated  away.     At  8:15  \.  M  ,  shortly  after  all  had 

left  the  ship,  she  ga\c  a  roll  or  two  sidewise.  then  pitched  forward  and  went 

down  liow  first.     The  passengers  were  l.mded   at    Mr.  P'lood's  ranch  near  ix 

and  \\^u■  t.iken  to  San  Francisco.     The  crew  of  tl;e  steamer  on  her  last  trip 

Were      .Mouatt,    master:     Cliambers.    chief    officei  ;    Smith,    .second    officer; 

l{lliott.  '  fir.st  engineer  ;   David  Ste])hens,  ^  .second  engineer  :   David  Ross,  third 

engineer:    IIenr\   Ouinn,  Wi'lia'ii  Wood  and  Joseph  ,S]>il!elt.  seamen  ;    Da\-id 

I'etrie,  carpenter  :  J.H.Scott,     .--leward  :  James  IT.  .\llen,  first  cook  :   Upshur,  eMr.  wim  hm  n  mutin 

Ihen  ^.iiled  for  San  I'ranciseo.  .\fler  making;  two  trips  North  willi  the  bark,  he  reUiriietl  ti>  New  N'mk  in  iSh;  to  hrinu  the  tuj;  .s  •/. 
/'//(>///./-  arotiiul.  lie  then  took  t!ie  bark  /iitr'Hii  l^ista  to  the  .^ontul,  le.'ivin^  her  at  Poil  ('i,iinl'h  lt>  .ifiaiii  eoiiini.uul  tlie  bark 
Juiiiiiti.  where  he  reiii-iined  a  year  or  two.  He  left  the  A'liiiiit'i  'o  lake  the  historic  steamer  (in.'iah  troin  San  iMaiuiseo  to  the 
Soiintl  ami  sftent  the  next  yejir  on  her,  introilnein^  her  to  the  water'-  whieh  were  to  he  her  fiitnre  Jjonie.  He  then  rejoineil  the 
A\lln/i'r.  making  two  trips  to  Sotlfh  America  and  one  to  San  I-'raiieiset*  where  he  left  lier  to  take  tin  liip  .  h  i:,'n'i^ /t/.  .\flir  twn 
V(i\.ijies  with  h'  r  in  the  Hrilish  C'olMiiihia  coal  trade,  .i'i«l  niie  fioiii  N.tiiMiino  to  .Aca|*-ilco  111  tlie  s.iiile  tr.iltie,  he  let't  her  .!'  \'icltni;i. 
wlierc  lie  w.is  Le.d  up  fonrteeii  ir.'inihs  w  ith  Mexican  fei  'r.  .M'ter  his  recu\ery  lie  went  to  .San  l-'r  ineisco  ami  took  ,'liarne  of  the  ship 
AVt/c/ .h/r '.  running  between  Seattle  anil  that  city  for  tlfee  years.  She  was  lost  on  the  third  trip  after  he  left  her.  His  next  vessel 
was  the  ship  T:t'ti  /ii<>//ie'is,  on  the  same  mute  It  was  while  on  this  ves..,el  that  lu'  made  a  lifieen  months'  trip  aroiiml  the  world, 
SI  'liiiu  nine  years  on  her  aUoy;etlier.  WliiU  Hayden  was  c.iptain  of  'In-  />.'.'  liioHui^.  her  cabins  were  mblieil  of  ,ill  their 
vauu'-le<,  itielii'liii;r  lijs  private  papers.  I'Vir  three  \  t-.irs  ,  fter  lea-  iiig  her  li«-  s  in  on  the  ship  l\th-<ti'ir  between  S.iii  I-'ranciseo  ami 
T.ic//iii:i  - ahsenuently  lea\'in^  the  nceaii  to  run  on  Souiiil  steaineis  .'Sm,  e  llieii  he  has  comiiKimleil  the  SkiHiit  ( 'liirt,  Itony  />\ir/,v, 
.SItil,-  .1/  H' 'tliingltm.  Xoilli  /'lui/i, ,  and  St'lu'iiic,  and  at  various  limes  has  .served  as  pilot  on  tlie  (  V/i  :'/' Sinli/t'.  In  iN9^  he  eliartereci 
the  stc.niier  Si^Uti'  and  operated  her  fc>r  a  short  time.  Captain  IIa\dea  followed  the  sea  for  nearly  thirty  years  on  tliis  coast,  ami 
iliiriii;.'  iiL  i*.  f)€ri'K*l  was  ill  the  emploc  of  two  conipanies  onl\'.  Pope  ^S:  1  albot  ami  Samuel  Hlair,  both  i>f  San  l''rancisco  lie  lintk  .1 
liroliiiae'il  pifi  ih  starting  the  Idhu  uf  i'^vtrett,  having  lieeli  pistice  of-  he  Peace  diiriii).;  I  In-  liist  two  -.ears  of  its  existence.  I.;i]>taii' 
l.'ayile'iV  hoiiU"  is  in  Tacoina,  where  he  wis  in  the  marine  insur  nice  mil  j^eiieral  tii'oker.i>;L-  luisiiiess  {^^Y  twti  or  three  \ears,  making 
iiccasiimal  trips  on  the  steamers. 

'Capt.  Rnfus  CaUionn  'uasliorn  in  New  lirunsuiek  in  182S,  aie  -pent  twenty  years  on  the  water  befme  he  built  the  .l,\i\i-i), 
his  fust  veiit'ire  ill  the  Northwest.  He  remained  in  comniaiid  nf  the  s- lluiiiier  for  two  years  and  then  sold  her  to  San  Iraucisen 
parties,  who  operated  her  in  the  trade  for  winch  she  was  ccllstructed,  runninj^  to  the  .Saiulwich  Islallils.  .After  sellinj^  the  .  /  /vX'<;  he 
W.IS  interested  ill  several  other  sailinji  vessels  i.ii  the  Sound,  and  lor  a  sliorl  time  ran  the  tii^  .S".  /..  -IAm/Zc^'.  His  last  marine 
vc'iitiire  was  the  purchase  of  the  l'>ritisli  bark  .  hr/trr,  abandoned  olT  the  coast  of  X'ancouver  Island.  The  bark  was  towed  into 
l'!s(iiiniialt  and  sold  at  auction,  Captain  C.illiouii  secured  her  and  took  her  to  Port  Pbikely,  where  he  spent  nearly  *2o,ooii  reliltinj; 
her  and  i,'eiiiii|;  her  in  -h.-ipc  to  llv  the  .\meriean  Ibif;.  .She  was  completed  ciirly  in  iSij,  and  is  now  in  tlir  eo.isting  trade.  Captain 
Callaaiii  is  sii'.l  a  resident  uf  I'ort  Townsend. 

U'.  A.  I'^Uiott  c.iiiie  out  on  the  /  iihoiithrii-  in  iS^i,  as  second  engineer,  but  took  cKarLte  of  her  eii,i;ines  soon  at'ur  liir  aiii\al. 
He  r<  !'i  lined  with  her  until  she  w  as  lost,  and  was  then  tr.insferred  to  the  steamer  l)ltt'>\  where  he  was  eiii^iiieer  lor  a  period  of  twi'lve 
year..,  ;-  ivin^  her  to  go  on  the  /'t:u,rss  /.oiiKt'.  in  which  \essel  he  serve',  liv/  years.  During;  his  career  he  was  emploved  on  all  of 
the  sti  oilers  belonging  to  the  Hudson's  Hay  I  ompanv,  and  retireil  from  '-  ,eir  s^  rvice  a  few  years  alio,  liter  an  uninlerrnpted  term  of 
"ver  I    ciuy-six  \e.irs  as  engineer  on  the  coinp.ir.v  "s  steamers. 

liavid  Sti  jiliens.  engineer,  is  a  native  of  .Scoll.'.nd,  where  he  was  born  in  iS^i       .Mr.  Stephens  began  his  inaiine  eareer  on  the 

'itir  ill  i.Sb.'.  .'iiid  was  riiiiiiitn.;  ou  'hat  steamer  as  third  engineer  at  the  time  of  her  wreck  in  iSm6.  at  which  time  three  lives 

-•l      He  is  still  engaged  in  the  business,  .'iiid  is  at  present  on  the  steamer  /^liihrss  /.t'liisr. 
b'lin  II.  ,SeoU,  who  was  steward  011  the  /.ii/ii'/ze//*'/'*' at  the  time  of  her  wreck,  is  well  known  .ill  o\er  the  Noilhwest.     He 

'■  m  New  Vork  in  iW^J,  ami  came  to  the  iacilie  Coast  in  1S55,  entering  the  service  of  the  Ilndson's  Hay  Company  soon  after 

'  il,  and  running  on  nearly  all  of  their  steamers.  During  the  San  Juan  trouble  lie  was  with  Capt.  Tom  Vi'right  on  the  />iiiii,i. 
|>riseiil  stewaid  on  the  s  earner  /i  iiii,  and  is  alioiit  the  only  one  of  the  steamboatnien  running  out  of  Victoria  in  1S5S  who 
111  tile  service 


Were 

was  ' 

his, I 

llel^ 


i!l 


'S    1 

ill  i 

I 


1     M'r 


'S 


ffff 


1    1  ■ , 

1         i    ' 

, 

! 

1 

i 

, 

. 

'■i 

■  1 

.  i 

154 


I owln  (J  Drydcn'n  Mnrinr  Hialory  of  the  Pnailic  NnithwvHt 


si'coikI  CDiik  :    'riiomas  Cimu-rnii,  liioliiiiii.     Slii'  li:i(l  as  cibiii  pissoiini'is,  U.  II.  Adams,  U.  II.  J.  Adams    \\,  \ 


AUiMi,  CalluiiiK- Oanoll,  J.  J.   Ivvaiis,   Mrs,    ICvans,   U,    U.    IKwliii,   k.  (lilliridc,    Mis.   (;m)ii<li',  .loliii  J 


lllil'S, 


JaiiKS,    Iv    Dirkcnsoii,   J.   ("■.    Ilatl!.,   C.   J.   J< 


J 


j.    I'.    I,(ickic,   M.   (".lid(U-ii,  J,   (',.   Mar.sliall,   V.  SylusUi, 


Wilcox,  Mrs.  I'iiivvi'll,  Mrs,  J.  Martin  ittiil  childtvii,  |).  A.  IvdKai,  and  alioiit  sixty  in  llii-  stcuran^'' 

'rill'  I  lawaiiaii  l)ark  Mtiiiiin  k'ni,  C'ai)laiii  UuliiiisDii, "' (lom  I'di  I  damlili' lot  MoikIiiIm,  was  wtcckcd,  NumiiiIh 
,Vilh,  tii'ar  Ijiialsiiici  Smiiid       W'iu'ii   two  liiiiida'd   miles  olT  \\w  Coliiinliia    Uivii.  N'uvrmhci    i",lli,  llic  liaik  wa 


V  mam  and  mi/vrii  masls  wi'tc  ciil 


thrown  on  lu  r  Ik  am  ends,  and  liur  di'ck  load  was  swi'pt  ovctl)oanl.     'I'll 

ami  llu'  vi'ssil  iij;lilci|,  but  wms  so  Imllv  wati-i  lo>.',n,'d  llial  slu-  diil'li'cl  hclplcsslv  lor  liltiTn  ilays,  tlic  crrw  siillniiij. 

tcirilily  from  I'xp  isnrr  and  linnuii       'IMu-  lurk  at  last  iii'.iicd  land  and  on  tin-  Iwcnly  liftli  sirnck   iirar   Koliiiin,, 


till'  west  I'oast  of  V'anioiivii    Island,   and  broke  up  in  a  virv  sliott  time,  lirooks, 


mil  mat)',  and  Join 


siainan,  losing  their  livi's  and  the  rest  ol   the  eiew  reaeliin^;  shore,  where  they   were  seized   hv   the   Indian 


\\\v 


hoped  to  seenre 


ransom  lor  l.'ai)taiii  Uohinson, 


and  lielil  iii 


homi 


for 


ll  weeks,      T 


if  the  men  ,il 


made  their  wa\   to  l'"orl  knpei  t  and  weie  taken  (lom  thtii  to  \ietoria  \t\  the  seliooner  ('m  clli    Caplani  Namp 
When  they  told  ot  the  eaplivily  ot  their  lomiades,  Ihe  liiili^li  steamship  S/'iini>u'  I  hia-k  was  sent  to  the  lesi  i 


1. 


iou^;lil  d'lWii  Ihe  remainder  ol  the  eievv.  'I'lie  Afiiinid  l\i;i  w:i'- 
lormeil>  the  .\meriean  hark  Minii ,  which  had  arrived  in  XkIoii.i 
in    i.Hii.(  with    a    cai^;o  of  Chinese   passen^e's,  and  was  liluli  .1,  i., 


the 


iiseiiniiiees  of  which   the  C 


iptaiii  sli 


pped 


sailed   over  In    I'ort   'rownseiid,  whcic   Ijii-   ve'.sel  was  sulisei|iiriill\ 


sold    and    placed    nililer    the    II; 


iwanan 


III 


The    .\ineiicaii   liiirk 


A/ic.liiiii;,  Ca])tain  Tol 


hoin  San  l'"iaiicisc(i  lor  Vicloria,  uilli  mn 


hnndied  and  seventy   tons  o!    ^;eneral    merchandise,   \ 
laiiiiary  Jist,  on   the  west   coast  of  \'aiicoii\'er    Island 


Sir 


,ailnl 


fioin  San  I''ramisci 


aimary  i.illi,  and  on  the  twenty  first. 


dense  fo^;,  struck  a  leef  Ileal    Schooner  I' 


with   such    fi 


lose   11 
all  rea( 


.1   1< 


ave  her  resting  on  the  -.am 


ith 


Tl 


d  shoii'  in  safelv  and  at  low  tid 


lid  walk  almost  In  lli' 


liark  with  di v  feet. 


Th 


ev  remaiiiei'  in  the  vicinity  of  Ihe  wreck  lu 


cinlil  days,  ami 


till 


It  to  \i 


Ha 


The  A/iisliiiii;  wa 


\oik  vessel  ol    three  hnndied  and  thiitv  two  tons  register,  and  w:i 


insnicd  for 5i.S.' 


Her  cai>;o,  valued  at  $<• 


and  owned 


by  Victoria  (.'hinainen.  was  iiniiisiited.  The  bark  /:/lii  /■i.inii. 
t'aptaiii  Hull,  from  I'ort  ( )rehard  for  San  I'rancisco,  was  ahantlnmil 
l''ciiruaiy  slh,  eij^hty  miles  sonthwcsl  of  Cape  Classell.  The  Imik 
sailed   from   I'ort  Oichaid,  Jamiaiv    |lli,  with  two  hnndied  tlioiiMiiil 


feel  of  liimbei    and   nilielv  piles   lor  A     1'    Ciliddcii.  ami 


iiiet 


I>A\lli    KinUNWIN 


succession   of  simtlieiiy  nales  until  January   idtli,  when,  in  laliladi 

.|  1    iilif'  lonKilnde  ijs  .  she  met  with  an  niiiisiially  severe  hiirinaiii 

iiiK  beloic  it  under  hale  poles  she  spiiuiK  a  leak,  wdiicli  continued  to  ^aiii  on  lliein  until  I''elirnai\   ,lli 


While  s 

wdien,  with  six  feet  of  water  in  the  hold  and  the  crew  exhaiisleil    ifler  twelve  days  at  the 


th 


ev  well-  lull 


to  atmndon  lui  and  wi  ii 


bs   the  liritifh  shiji  /-.'i,' '■'"'.  Caiilain  h'.vans,  olV  the  haialloiii  s,  l-'cbi  i 


and  traiisfei  led   to  the  pilot  lioat   l'-nni\\  which 


took  them  to  .-ian  iMam  isco  the  next  d 


.\nioiij;   deaths  ol    iiiaiinc   men  in   isi.i,  is  iccoidiil  that  of  Ca]il,  William   Dall,  who  bioiiKhl  the  ste: 


(iilniiihiii   to   I'oillaiid  on  her  first  tiip.      l'a| 


ilaiii  Hall  died  in  New  N'ork  (."itv.  May  .'Jil.     At  X'icloii.i,  Al 


K.  liorthwick,  a   well   known   engineer,    passed   away    No'.eniber    iitll,   aneil   tliiit\   six    vcais.   and   al    h;si|iiiiii:ill 


Ajiril  Jisl,   John   It'-aidin,  chief  engineer  of  II     I!    \l .  steamship  ,S/i,(; 


//((,.'/,  a>;iil  lliiily  four  ycais. 


■I;l| 


it.  D.iviil   Koliinsnii,  (>(  I'liri  r>:uiil)lc 


me  111   till-  anivalt  in    iW/;, 


MIIIMH^ 


(llr   sill 


MiiilH',  Indii  ill  lleir-ist  III  lH^7 


,  III. 


I  [e  IS  a  11.11 1 


lie  Weill  Willi  llii'  /liovH/ 111  China /IS  seriMiil  iii.»<r,  anil   on   tier  irliiin    imniil  llicliiiik  lUiUnll  : 


\\   niasln   i.(  llii-  l.irki-nlinr  loH'liliilwii.  linn  mi  Hie  liiiik    Niilluy 


III  111   lllr   llau.i 
lii'lil 


liaik    M,i 


'  iicilnin^;    \s\ 


111    III 


nnlil   slir   ^.\ 


lis.  I'.ikl 
ckril    nil    Vaili 


.mil,  .illi'i    liaviii^  In-i    liml 
IsImhiI,  III   wlliili  Mini 


liv  llic   Initniiei      Ann   vcfllin^^  liark  In  ru-ili/ilnm  (vvn   ninitliH  liilcr,  In-  nssninnl  rlMrj;r  nt   Iti-    liinl- 


Kuilslh'll.  ri'iiiaiiiiii^;  willi  liei  line  vise,  wlirn  lie  went  nil  llie  nfl  link  (  iiiiilii.  wlin  li  1 


limk  Hie  link     likivi 
tniiiiin^  lln-  lulli-i 


lel    Inl    I'liillleen    llliinllls,  iinil  sniisr  (llelll  K 


iiliil  lin  llinleen   yi'Mls.      Ili  llim 
i.iinleil   Mil-  li.nkrnlHli-s   l\li,klUil  Mv\    h'^'Jf' 


•.I''. 

.1-1  liir  liilli   veal'.,  unlit  slie  w.l.s  InsI   ill   l.S.Sd,  ami  is  .11  pii'si'lll  iin  111!'   li.nki-lltilli-  Sl;,ii:il  (see  Wleek  iil  A 


w^^ 


H^-^i 


(    IIAI'II'K     \III. 

I'.i  j'li  T  i)i-  Alaska  I'i  mirAsn  un  Making  liisiNuss  Tiii'  Si'i.amsiiii'  "  I'di.n'Kdi'SKv  "  Cumiunation  ni' 
SiiiAMsmi'  Ini'kkhsts  'I'riii  "Ihaiiii"  and  "  (."ai.ti okma  "  C'nwi.nv  Sri;A m  Naxh'.atihn 
C'dmi'Anv     'I'lii';   "  Ni'.  1'   W'iPKi.n"   ON    l'i(.i:'i'  Sihnu     <'ii;av's   IIakiihk   S'i'i:  wii'.ks   "  Ciiiui  \i.is  "    anh 

"  I' AKKIl',  DWIS"  W'HI'CK  (II'  TIIH  "W.  II.  Sl'K  A  Nl'i  IN  "  'rill.  W 1 1  I.A  M  liT'l'IC  I'AI.I.S  (.'ANAI.  AND 
I.MCKS  (.'llMI'ANV  S'I'liAMI'KS  "  Si 'ITI'SS  "  AMI  "Al, HANS'"  'Pllh',  "T,  S,  duANT"  UN  'I'llli  Il.WACO 
lOil  I'l;  Ni:w  S'l'HAMI'KS  un  I'TCI'T  SlHNIi  lidll.Hli  l''.M'l,ns|iiN  (  iN  'I'lll-,  "  U  I'Sl  ll.l  "I'l;  "  STI'.AMHK 
"  K  AMI.linl'S  "        ('(lASTIM',      lM.|.',i:'r     III'      [SdS        (.'(II.IMIIIA      Ul\l',K''S     I'lKST     ( '.  U  \  I N      \' I.SSI'.l,         I'.NKKA'I'UV 

r  \si'.   Ill-    •I'm     SriiiHiNi'.K    "  liAii.Ks  "     Cai'T.   j.   1 1.   Waukin's    Hat'i'M'.   with    Xnin'iii'.KN    Inihans 
W'kiu'k   111'  Till';    l'Ni'ri;ii  S'i'\'i'h;s    S'i'i-amsiiii'   "  Sru  annhh  "    ami  (  )'i'iii'.i(    X'l'.ssh.i.s     ()ui.i.iin   Si'ham 
\  w  II.  \i'iiiN   CiiMi'ANS    l'A"i'|.;i;s  TliK   iMi.i.ii  UN    l'i'i.i:'i'  Sui  Nn     S'i'i'A  \i  I'.ws   "(livMriA"    AMI   "Ai.iha" 

'I'm;    '('iissii':   Ti'Maik"     'riimi.i.iNi,    I'nh   m    •I'lii;   CtrNiinA'i"  "  Im)i;u  \i;i)  "     'I'l  i;   "Asiukia" 
N'miciii   l'Ai'ii':c  Tk  ANsi'iiirr  \  I'KiN  (."ii\ii-\n\      \I  i  i<i'i;i;'s   \i:u    N'ukk    I.im-:  m'  Smi.im.  \'i;ssI';i,s     'riii' 
"  JiiiiN    HiMi.iiT"    W'ki  iKi''.  ii   anii  l.'i;i'\\    Ml  K'ii;.i;iji     Tin',    I  lr.i;i'.i.K"i'   "M\ui\  j.    S-Mi'i'ii," 

\Tjtel8Stb,  1    SSI  AS    iLlll'-lil     111     Al,l-.1<:|    111    llli'    rililnl     SI. Ill'-,    ill     iXli';    r\l\.\\y\ii\      Mil-    llrlil    ill    IIIMI  illc 

I  Hi/j!'  ii|ii.'r:iliiiii''  ill  lllf  Niillli  I'ai'ilii',  ;mil,  wliilr  il  w.is  sivcr:il   yl'.'ll^  lii'lnii-  tlii'  v;iliir  nl  llii' 

C:  ::::.'^<('  m-wly  :iii|iliriii    Irniliiiy  hcr:iiiic  :i|i|i:urnt.  tin-  icslilliiij;   luisiiit-ss  \v:is  ul   rinisiilciiililo 

v\\  iii:i).;iiiliiiU-  riiiiii  llic  sl;iil.      Tin-  1 1  .iiislci  vviis  iiiinlc- <  )rliiliii    iKlJi   liv  Illc  ri'pn'Si'ntiilivcs 

111  llii-  tun  V'.hmI  ll:iliiiiis,  .iiiiiilst  :is  iiuirli  s|il<ii(li  ii  as  was  |iiissililc  in  tli.il  laiaw.'iv  lailil. 

(."a|itaiii  I'l'li-isiliiiH   arliil    I'm    llic    Uiissiaii  ( ',ii\  ci  iMiiriil    am!  ( "icmi.il    Kmissi-.'iii   loi   llir 

II       liultil    SlaUs,  ami    al    .{   ;''!'    ^i    'ln'    Kii^siaii   lla^;  was   luwinil,  lu-vi-i    In  lie   nlliiiallv 

"^  f  r%  vji         i.iisiil   aj.',aiii  on  .Alaskan  lriiilnr\.      (Jiiik' a  llci-l  nl    ( iiivri  iitiuill  vi-ssils  assiinlilcil   al 

,■>_;'     '-Vk>  *  SilUa.  aiiiniiK  lliiiu  Illc  new  ship  .Uii/ii,,ni.  Iliiii  nn  lici  liisl  \  isil  In  tlicsc  wal<  rs,  wliii  li 

'.--%-    '.'     ^,        f^       sill-  is  still  ti.ivcisiii^;  allci  a  lapse  nllliii  Iv  M  lis      Tin- ,I/.i///<if//,  mii- nf  tin- licsl  kiinwii 

..;«SB^"/-  ( 'idMi  niiiciM    vessels  tliat   evei  appi  .in  il  in  tlie    Xmlliwesl,  aiiiMcl   in  San   l''i.'ineiseii  in 

JiiU.   i.'iii;,  having   saileil   riniii    Knstcin   in  Septeinlier,   l'^l■'.        Her  liisl  nllieeis  mi  this 

iii.i'-l   ueir      Ivluaiil   Sinipsnn,   emiini.inilei  ;     ( '.     W.   llaswaiil,    lieiilenant    rniinii.inili  i  :    J.    Rnss.    ai  tin^;    inasUi  ; 

II.  \l  i-.Mii,  rhii  I  ciiKiiiei'i  ;   S.  Inanj;.  liisl 

.isMsl:iiil  .    J.    C    I.ewis,   scrniid    assistant  ;  y'^IH^"'' 

•  'i  1,1  WIS,  third  assistant,  (illui  I'niteil 
Stall  \rssels  ,it  Sitka  when  tin  iiaiislei 
W.ls  111, nil-  weie  the  (hsl/'i,'  and  h\^il,,l, 
liisi'li  sevilal  lepn-sent.-itives  nl  the  met 
'  liaiil  iiiaiine  \  lliis  iiei|iiisiliiin  lias 
pi'ivrd  III.  mnst  pinlitalile  nl  aiu  lliade  li\ 
llir  I  lulrd  Slate.s  ( 'nni  i  iiiin  nl  in  nr.iil 
veai  .,  .1  liMi-l  iliniessicin  IS  mad.'  In  explain 
lillssi.i'',  nwileiship  and  leasnns  liii  seMinj; 
"  \'alti.ihle  a  pnssessinii. 

In  llir  I  aiU  pail  nl  the  ll);llli  riith 
"  iilni  \  \'iliis  lieiiii);,  at  that  liiiir  niie  nl 
'111  I  I  l.iiiinns  navinalnis  III  tile  Udi  Id, 
WIS  .  .aiinissiniieil  In  retir  tlieCiiiat  In 
asnilini  wllethei  the  ennlineilts  nl  .\sia 
mil  A  I' lira  \Vi|e  line  111  wei  livided  li>.- 
«':iti  1  I'lcijnn  linilt  liis  vessel  .it  K.'iineliatka  and  spriil  siwial  veais  emisiiij;  almij;  the  inast.  in  tin  miirse 
"I   *\'      Il   lie  disenveud    HeiiiiK   Stiait.  and    Se.i,  and   sailed    iiitn   ih.     .Virtu     lai    alin\e    I'mnt    Itaimu         tin    his 


•»^«' . 


41.    \,     'ilHtVV   I     .<  .     II  \t'   \  MO   I      I     \<^  I  r   I' 


II         'i 


.1    :    !  2 


:i'i 


11 


156 


Li^wia  cf  Dryduna  Marino  History  of  tho  Pacific  Nortliwvst 


rt'tiini   Id  KiMiiclKilk.i  lu'  li-iiniid  tli.il   Toter  the  Oiual  was  ikad,  l)Ul  his  suctisso 


11    was  ili'Sifoiis  111  ( iiiiliniiiii); 


llu-  c-xplc.ralioii  as  ()ii^;iiially   plaiiiicd  ;    so  he  a^jaJTi  set  sail,  lakiiij;  an  easterly  course  which  led  him 


Al 


clitian    Islands  and   the   Alaska   peiiiiisiila,    neither 


vhlch  were  sighted  htcunse  his  vessel  was  ti 


|MSI  tW 

.  I;ir  i.ll 


shore,     'I'he  lirsl  lanil  that  met  his  ^;a/.e  was  a  very  hinh   inonntain,  which  he  christened  in  honor  of  Si    Iv 
of  the  olil  Creek  Chnrch,  havin^;  lirsl  si^hled   the  snowcapped   landniaik  on  that  saint's  festival,      Aflep  iu;ik 


liricf  exaiMinalion  of   the  newh'  discovered   lenitory,    lierin^;  started   west  a^;ain  anil    on   the  way  ili 

I 


•vircil 


the  Aliiilian  Islands,  which  he  had  missed  on  his  onlward  \oya)"e,  and  in  crnisiiij'  anion^  them  was  shipuiiiknl 


losine    hi-,   lift 


His  cxploiations  had  ^;i\en   Unssi 


I  a  very 


ery  clear  title  to  the 


region,  and  ni  dne  se.ison  a  [iiM 


was  established  at  Sitka,  and  for  many  yi  .ns  the 
niininf^,  fur  and  fishinK  industries  paid  tiilaite  tn 
the  C/.ar,  When  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company  V!.i- 
in  the  hei>;ht  of  its  ^;lory.  in  the  Norlliwesl,  U  siu 
ceedeil  in  effeeliun  a  lease  of  the  trailing  :inil  Innitiii;; 
privileges    in    southern   Alaska   al    an  ainnial   leiiliil 


.f    $i< 


per    yea 


r,    till 


igreeniinl    n  iuauuii({  in 


force  until   it   was  purchased  by   the    United    Stalls 


At  the  linx 
much  alaini 
and.  will)    a 


)f   Ihe   Crimean   War,    Kussia    liLr 


d    lesl 


'.nglanil    sliou 


Id 


.Maskii 


I  iew  of  avi-rlMig  this  appropiialion,  llu- 
l\us-,iau  ,\Iinisleral  U'ashingloii  nlfcud  Ihi'  Iciriliir} 
to  the  Uuileil  Stales  for  the  sum  of  $s,""<>i"" 
James  K.  I'olk  was  President  al  llu-  time,  ami,  as 
Texas  had    just  been   annexed,  he  refused  to  cmisiilti 


If 


e    |)roposilion    to    nicrease    our    possession 


'fl 


i|U!sUi)n  was  reniucd   dniin),;   the  Civil  V\'ar,  but,  ;is  Kussia  no  longer  leaied  Ivngland,  llic  price  was  aiKani'iil  In 


^7.' 


vvilli   ,ni    a 


Iditliilia 


#-" 


•IS  a   recompense   to    llie 


Muds 


sons    May   Company    for   its  bilililingi  al 


.Sitka  and  olln  1  poiuN  in  ,\laska.      The  vigoious  opposition   lo  the  consummation  of  the  pun  base  by  Anieriiiiii 


newspapers   prevented    the  closing   of  the   bargain   until    I.S'17.   and   fully 


ipsei 


;-loie    lis   iiiipiiilaiii 


was  billy  re.ili/ed,      A  famous  ■specimen  of  Unssiaii  marine  arihileiluie  which   is  still   in  exisleiue  1  aim-  umiii 


tile    ,\iuciii.iu    lla 


g   Willi   Ibc   Iraiisl'i. 


She  w: 


slill    liaiiiliiai 


I'ith   Ihc  name  /''////r'/i/ i ,  am! 


built    ,il     Silka    III     isi.i 


if    hewn   Alaskan 


She    was 


lilted   with    a   vir 


>    expensive 


i-r    boili  I     :ill<l 


stiiplc  ciinipiiuiid    iiigine-,,   inanufaclun  d    iii    liallimnn-      This  vessel    snbsei|iiently  passed    into    the    li.iinl 
the    Alaska    Commercial    Company,   Captain    .Niebaum,'  a   I 
llie  sleannr,  being   one  of   ibe  ollirials  of  llu 


oinier  olticer    o 


jf 


irporation  which  purchased 
e  -.teamed  douii  lo  N'liloiia  111  charge  of  Capl,  William  Kohl, 
a.inonncing     her    appearance     Ihe    Victoria    (  c/i'w/v/    of   Ajiiil    .'j. 


iHli.s 


'Sitkil    Ml, I)    well    l.c    ptoilil    III    llel    niMlille    ,il  t'llilei  I IIM 

I,. 


Tile  ^leaMll•r  /i'////('/sX'l' 
ellili' 


,  oiii'  '.I   llif  iiio'.t   inii^iiitiri'iil   spfejint-ns  ol  Inane  iiiiitie  111, nine    urrliiieeliire  we    have 
et  JH-llelil.      She  looks  as  If   she  Iiiiil  liet  II  tliriiwll    lii^ether   iUler  tliilk    hy  all    ItlflliHl   ship 


i-iiter.  witli  sliii 


le    I. 


Ills 


III'! 


illlp(ill\'s  •■teatller.  wllhli    w,is   wie 


engines  are  y\nt» 


I  iiiid  were  joriiieil^    in  ;i  Hiissiaii  liti 


kill 


Silk.i 


line  veins  iij^ii 


Her    li'ilh  r    is 


eii|iper   and    is   iilmie  wuilli    lite    pure  i  .iplaiii    Kfihl  pan!   Inr  the  whole   eon 
hear  she  is  lo  he  rt  Imilt  ,  she  liee'ls  11.      'I'o  he  appreeiateil  she  imisl  he  seen  " 

C'aiilaiii    Kohl    relinked   llu-   boiler  on    arrival    al    San     biain 


lid    it    fill    1 


ll'iH'    lllail 


111! 


lurchase    price  of   the  iiiliie  crafl.      Alter  a   leu 


ihaiiges  bad  been  made.  Ihe  steamer  was  (lisposed  of  lo  .\Ieiggs  the  sawmill 
man,  who  sent  her  back  lo  Ihe  Sound,  and  in  coinmaiid  ol  Captain  (iiiindon 
she  Weill  to  work  as  a  lowlioat  nearly  twenty  five  >ears  ago.  Steaineis 
well-  Mill  pleiililul  on  the  Sound  ill  those  days,  and,  wdieii  the  /■Ji.-n 
.  hii/' /  uiii  occasionally  laid    up   loi    lepaiis,  the    /'c/Zi  .  as  she   was  called,  was 


piessed    llllo  sei  vice 


any  tin    111:1 


il.      In 


she  was   lioii).;lil    b\    I  )i-xlei 


lloili 


■V     C. 


il    Seattle   lor  Js.yi".  ''ud  afterward  passed   iiilo  the  hands 


ol    llie    rml    lllakely    .Mill    Company,   her   |iiesenl 


C 


uiniloii   was 


W  11  II     M    Kii 


as    Ml.lslel 


b 


I  apt. nil 


W 


ilsoii,  lln   two 


l.ilib 


Selby  ,  Williamson.  Cleiieiit':,  Sniilli,  'I'lioiins  Kili'iii. 


'C;ipl.    I.llsliive    .Nieliillllll,    n   plonillteni     li^nre   in    ihe    llhiline    lillsliuss    llfinstel  leil    lo  Ihis    lonnliy    wall    (he     pun  I  e  "I 

Ahiskii,  was  hoMi  in   l-'inlaii'l  in  iS.u,  ,ia>l  lie^',ih  siiitin^  oiil  ol  I'roiisiielt  on  it  liri^  when  a  lioy.     Me  eaiiie  lo  Sitkii  in  iS^S  '  1  it' 

hark  S.i/>/tif  .  Ii/i  t<iiiti\  (heii  iiseil  as  a  siippU  ship  loi   llie  I.:  iissiaii  Ainei  lean  roin)iitii\ ,  .1111 1    leiiiaineil  in  the  it  set  vice  ntilil  ^iski 

her, line  the  )iropell\  ol  lite  I   niteil  Stales,  ali-l   w  lute  then    lie  1. 1  the  posil  Ions  ol  mile  ,iiel  III. isle  I  <iit  sevel  al  \es>,i  Is  helolt^illi  >  llx 

IS  111!  pa  a  \ .  .intiin^  it  lent  Ihe  Iiii^s  (  tni\htiitini'  ami  \lh  lUotl,  ami  llie  ships  (  'uin'i'ifs  and  k'tiith  fi'iU-ti      When  Ihe  ten  itiir\  w  .'  '•' 

ill  cunjiiiii  lion  Willi  olheis  In-  hoiif^hl  the  liiiv;  <  'nit\hiiilitii\  and  ^oiii^(  to  S,iii  hritneisi  o  eoinnieii'  e.l  liiisiness  iiinler  the  lirti  ,  nn' 

lit  Ilitirliin^on.  Kohl  .V  Co.  atteiwanl  iiieoi  jioi.inn^  as  llie  M.iska  roniniiMeial  i'oiii|iany.  ol  wliieli  L'aiilaiii  Niehiiiitii  I  'iiH' 
\  n  e  presiileni,  ami  tor  Ihe  p.tsi  twi  iil\  live  \r.iis  has  liinl  i  li.iiio  of  all  Iheit  -, tupping  inletests 

'  L'upt.  'I'holllas   Islllon   w.is   tmin   in    .^l.line   in    l^).)>),   iiikI    he^an    rollowlll}'   Ihe  sea   when   .1    lio<,    on  Ihe    Allalllie  Cii,'i'  H' 

cotintluiit'eil  hteaiMhoittui|>  in  the  Northwest  ill  Seattle,  111  ih6iy,  on  the  Hleaiuer  '  fillip  iiiii)  allerwunt  ran  on  the  steaineis  J\ttti  ^^^c 


'.  ;.ir 


I 


flu:  Alimkn  I'un.lrMi:,  Advunt  o/'  M.ni^  I  liic  Hlfiimi^iH  on  I'l/yri  oniiinl 


'57 


,,i„|  „||,  ,  I'liilip  V';m  Tiissell  '  was  one  of  lii-r  (ii>.t  eliniilucrs  al'lor  slie  went  to  Ihe  Soniiil,  and  was  loIlDweil  liy 
Corildii  1  (Iralit,'  l''ialik  Sargent,  Martin  I'aiip,  Williamson,  '  the  Sl>ie,-.ekes,  ami  olliers.  Al  picsenl  tlie  sleaniii 
i?,  ma   i      Ca|)t.   I'lank  Sniilli  and   Ivn^inii-i    ( ).   Spiesekc,    |i.     The   I'olh  has  luc  n  a   honan/a   lor  tin-  marine 

reporters  on  the  I'oail,  and  lor  sears  has  I'nrnishecl  ii  ^umI  nnmlier  and 
variel)  ()l  news  items.  'I'he  latest  eUnsion  in  her  honor  appeared  a 
lew  months  a^o  in  a  'i'aeoma  papei  and  is  jepiodm  eil  : 


TIk 


P 
I'lijl     lll.>kd\     Mill    eiini|iiiiis    I-.    Ilii     jiMiu^l    umih  r   nt  i>    Kiism.iii 


^tinliital,  wliii'l)  tliij'ilii-s  Its  \\a>  (111 


.'li  I  III 


all    walcis 


,1   I'l 


111!'    iiaiiii-    111     I'uhlkiihl'y-       It    IS    11    I  liiiiisv,  sniili  m 
does  not  (lit  IMIK-Il  III   a  limine  ill  statistics  (IcvDtcil   (n  liiiiiii 


•I    S.MIII.I 


i.lr 


iiialler  nt  laiM,  11  IIil'  I'uhtkiillv  sliinilil   stiik 


'<l      »hl     SHil'WiKM'h'l, 

slli|>{>lll;.S  iti 


llic-  I'lihlknlskv 


V,  iiiiii-t\  nine  |a 


mil  ol  line  In 


e  a  siia^  a 


ml 


'Ihi'    li.ial    Ih 


iW   si-I  \rs 


III!   In  ollicl   iilnl  inuM 


llilo 


iilnil  would  ; 
I   liiK>  lail   tin 

I'll    hink    ilt    IIk'    hiKil    as    It 


ilnl 

As 

ill  III!'  Iiiilliiin 

•  What   I  In-  .l.llii-  IS 
uis   a    I  jiiif  u  III- II    11 


wllcf/illj^   allil    llolinili-lin^   aliill^', 

td  takf  all  iialll  thai  a  stloli^  mall  VMtll  a  sharp  ax  eonhl  make   klllillin^  wii'nl 


Will- 
lall  III    llj^s  ill  liiw,   \l>>l  Wiilllil  la-  Hlillli^; 


(if    it  III  shdll   mill- 


I.onv 


III! 


I'll,  11    Mill    ciilllil    have   sci-ii    the    /i(/;//i./  Xl 


yiill  \M 


iiM   In 


lln.iij'ht  ilillciiiilh 


ThiiU 


als  liai  k  she  was  mil 


lllc  I  /a I"  (il    Kilssni.  all 


■il 


ill  liill^ 
anil    ti 


alaih'il  Ihi'  il('(  k,  anil  al    least 


III   al  inainenl    nl    Imii    v^iilis 


I'iiiie  II 


Ki' 


le  hitll 


K    VI 


iilka 


!'■ 


'I  I 


iiinil,   the  I, 


heln 

i-k    priest    |>i 


■  ivnil  salt 


lull  III 

il   Im   Ihe 


^relit    C'/al,  anil   Ihe  (lew    llevel    olli  (-  (lleanii-il   thai    the    ila\    wiiiilil    i-itinc   when 
tlleii    gallant    little  slilewheeler   wiillhi    he   llseil   ill   tnwlll^    hi^s    Im    an    .Aineinan 


Mill. 


Ill  I  an 


III  hie  III  liiv,l.'i  IS 


MllK  |.l 


^lll 


es,  illieil  apples,  llinil.  Iiealls,  pi 


il.al.lv  linn 


.1   kl 


111  iilhi 


.  Ihe  U'hite  (  /.Il   ami  h 


ll\e  nil  leV(  lem  (' 


fi.I     Ihe    ^'leat     Kllsslan     elllpl 


rillliil  Slate 


sill 


■M.lska 


The    /',.////■,./■,/  I'    passeil     llilii   the    h.illils   1)1    the 
sllippeil    III    Its   ailin 


iiili  liasi  il,  anil   I. Ill 


I,  when 


im-nt,  il   he. 'aim-  the  jiidpt-ity  (il  the   I'nrt   Itlakely  .Mill  I'liinjiany.     It  isn't  iiineli 
III  a  ^imhiiat   iiiiw,   nuii'Ii  ailmit,  lint   il   is  lining   eivih/.ilinii  a  la-tter 


li.wiiiK  liiHs 


tin 


In  .hsli 


III  ki 


seiviel-    III 


Till 


to 


steamship  war  which  r.incd  s.i  ItiiioiisU  llnoiijdi  isi.o  i  nnii- 
sii(l(l(-n   end   (ail\    in    1.SO7,  and   the   (.'alih.i  iiin   Sli-aiii    .Xnviealinn 


Cai-i  .    I  in.MAs    K  Jl.lliS 


Company,    tin-     (.' diloi  iiia,    (nexon    i^' 
Mexico   Steainshiji   (.'omiian 


and    Ihe 


.\iiilim    1,11 


ititrollinv;   to^;elher  ten   sidewhiel   sleaniships  and    si.x     propell 


iiiiieil  h.iri  s,  Ihe  (oiiilii nation  allerw.ird  lieeoininj.',  the  .N'oilh  IVk  ilii  Tianspoi  talion 


l  Diiiji; 


rralin^; 


the 


steainshi|is 


.-;-// 


loliii    I..    Sl,/,/i, 


.1/.. 


/i/i/i- 


(hilliiiiiiiif.  On.iihii.    /'iiii/ii,    I'liiiiiiiKi ,   Siihiloi,  Siiiiii    ,\'i ,  itil'i .      l/iii.    (  ii/i/ni iim , 


i'unliiii  iiliil,  (il/.wi/'    /1//11/1,   Itiiiliii,  .\toiiliiiui   and    I'llimh 


The  n,l  A'l 


1 1,    was  al 


nil  lite  list  until  lost  ill  i.so.H.  'IMie  immediate  cause  ol  Ihe  consolidation  was  tin 
.inival  (il  the  new  steamship  /ilulio,  which  reinloiccd  I'atton's  .Xiiihor  Line,  so 
dial,  with  Ihc  Iwo  11.  w  vessels,  he  was  in  ;i  lair  was  lo  se(  nic  the  InilU  ol  i1k- 
liUslliess,  even  Ihoiij^li  rales  were  cut  to  .1  \eiy  low  lijMiie.  The  hlnho  111. id(-  mic 
liip  lo  Portland  in  I'allon's  service,  alrivill^;  .M.ikIi  i/lh,  Inil  wlnii  sin-  Kiiiincd  lo 

iliniied  her 
iiiiiiit    and 


S;iii   p'raiicisco  was   transferred   to   I  lolladay  and   his  assoi  iales,  win 

nil  llie  lolite,  and  the   .U(ii//<i>ici  \\:\s  teiiipoiaiily  wtthdiaun.      'I'hc   (li///, 


llie  little  Cii/i/oniiii  win 


inninLi    lo  .\lask;i 


111. 


y.'' 


ltd 


il   III   tin 


'   voya^i 


•s    lo  .Maska.      Ililnic  lln 


year,  and   the    /o/ni    /..    S/i/>/iiii\   also   made   twi 

cDiiiproiiiise  was  ellccli-d,  the  (.'aliforiiia  Steam   Navigation  Compativ  had  lucii  opeialin;',  the  in  u  pmpi  lli  1  .l/iii 


III  the  iiorlhein  liadc. 


She  was   a    icn-iil    .iriisal    110111    lln-    l-.asl    and    li.id    made   Iwo  \'isils   In    I  Iniioliiln    in    Ihe 


/'n/M/,/,,  ///•;,/  ./«,/,,„.«,  /,'//!  I  .III  H'lii/./,.  //i.i,/.. 


Ill  nih. 


He  wa 


.niinaml  nl  lln    1  ,  lil,i  in   1.' 


^hl 


II  111-  w  ;is  einpl 


.1 


|i.  I    Ml.  i\.    smile  piles  ill  I  \  ell  nil   lami  1  lai  me.  I  lis    Ml,  l).iile\   ,    w  In  le  s.  1  i|i  ilim,  nil.  lei   I  he  .1 II  ei  1 il   .\Mmllev    MeN.ill^;lll .  In-  vi  .is  In  ei| 


nil,  lull   InltllllJllely    esi  apeil    wllhnllt    s.  innis  lll)lllv.        lie 

C;i|il.iiii  Kiltiin  was  master  nl  Ihe  sU-aim-r /■.V/:;i/ . ///i/<-(  >" 
111  M.illai.l,  VV'.ish. 

■I'lnlip  Vail  T. 


.1  .iiiesli  .1   l.v   Shi-nll   .Ml  1 1 


lull  the 


aim-  III  til..! 


H  w  Inn  sill-  was  se 


ei/eil  Ia    I'lilli  I  Im    lleei  hel    III   I .' 


I" 


lilt  11 


ell,  11 


III'  tail   Inl    Ih 
lilllljMlK    iipl 


l^lneel,   w.ls 


hnrll 


als  lielweell    S.lll    I'lilln  is 


III    P. 


Ill   lS.|l ,  all 
nil    Ihe  '.le.il 


il  .'.mil-  III  San  hi  am  is 


.1/,. 


/./I/.K    ami. 


\lii 


iSSi  nil  111! 


Ip 


the  Wesli  III  I   imiii   1 1 


ateil    the  (,' 


S.    Il'iw/l/ 


I'l.ilh 


/I,'/;/ in  I  niiiiei  limi  with   tlnii    Silieiian  leh-Hiapli  s.  Iieiin  ,  .Ml.  Van  T.issi-ll  weiii    wilh 
er,  lelllaillillK  ill   thai  serviei-  eiKhl(-en  iniillllls,  ami  nil  Ills  rellirn  |iillieil   Ihe  sti-alllsliip  <  lliX""l'l".  sinlin|i  la-lwi 


ill  I'. 


allni.      A  year  later  he  went  In  Pll^el    Siillml  ; 


III    1,1 


till  \i-als,  .11 


it  snhseipienlU  iiiinin^^  th 


>;ail  iniilim^  1 


■ii^im-er  mi  the  steiiiiii-i  htlttknl-.ky,  re-    ihim,^ 


-amei  Witlh  I'.hiiii       I'll  the  liiliei  ami  in  llu- sirrviee  nl  tht-  iiu^m 


Itailw  r.  ,V  .S'.iviK.ilinn  1  .iinpain  lie  .  .niiinm'.l  Im  Iwehe  vrais,  ami  when  llie\  leim  .1  limn  I'lutiel  Smiml  eniereil  Ihe  empl-n  nl  ihe 


I'.li'llii    \a 


l^;ati(lll  (.'miipaiiy,  with  wlimii  lie  is  still  1  nuaneil 


iliml 


.illeiv 


iliill  I'. 


(■■laiit,  eiinim-er,  (il  Vi(  toriii,  II  (.'.,  was  horn  in  Nova  Scot  111  iii  |S|  5.     Hi    sei^cil  his  apjireiitn  1  ship  al  lllnlilav  as 


iml 


liner  nl  llie  steamer  ( /;./!/       Mr  Iheii  went  In  the  I'aeiln    t'nasl wmkeil  Im   ,1  liiiii    in  the  slinps  al    I'nr'   •l.iinlilr 


ilU 


:  till 


.-leann-r  /i'///.| 


l-riiin  there  In 


lit    tn   I'ntt    .Made. 


id    lall   lln     -.Il  Hllier    /'.i/z/Xii/  /i   Im  lli^.- 


\liiie  \  .111  'rassell  wis  in  the   I   <-i,  and  iliiiin^  thai  linn 


.Mkinsiin  .Mill  m  'I'ai  nma,  he  Wenl  In  Vn  imia  111    is-/  ^.  lilted  lip  Ihe  iild  \  nil 


elhallleil    llel    inlllpUleU         Attel    wmklll^    Im    .t 


aie.l  . 


.1  nil  the  (I'liiftf-'i 


I.I  lli\/ti>i  .S'/ii/>,' 1111I1I  isxi.,  when  III 


I I 


niilil  iS'/'i, 


.11    III    the 
II.    was 


III   (III  llle  .S/(     /iltHt-\    /"liUl^Itt  111    lS.,1    lie   W.IS  S(-llt   In  Si  (itl.iml 


l!ie  sleainer  tiitilthit  tn  the  I'aeilie  I'naMl , 


III  has  hceii  •all  her  ever  sin.  1  hn-r  iimviil. 


I  lines  I'.   Willninismi  III   I'ml  (.aiiiliU-  washmii  m    Muiiii- in  i.s^i,  ana    im  In-.- .11  rival  on  tin    sinniiil  in  iKfis,  1 

lli'ellhf  issued  m*  I'n^et  smnnil, 


lime 


nil   llie  (ilil   lil^    (fill-,    H'.(U,i.      Ill    iHr)H  lie  look   olll   the   Inst  xaKlli 


d 


III   In 


iitllllleil  ll'.linill);  nil  the  (    i(/<\    *  ,i//v-»  ,  \l,'m\y,  IKIIII  llel   In  tJM    I  inllllll.  <0K-n    Uk    relllainnl  Itiui    \eals        He  «,is  slllise(|llelltK 


I  nil  tin-  sl(-.iiii(-i   fa: 


'f,  tint  dller  a  few  tiimiilis  tiinrrr  nittriid  Irmii'iii- 


ttllil  1      'ill  serving  iih  eliif-i  riigiiirfr. 


«•  Kiilil  is<,i,  wIk-ii  he  |iiin.-d  tin   inn   Yait 


1  M 


1  I 


>.ss 


I  (iwis  fjl  Drydnn's  Marino  History  uF  the.  Pucilic  NortlmcM 


service  of  the  ('()m])Miiy,  heiiij;  siilise(|iii'iillv  sent  nortli  !is  ii  cotii-.ter  nttnictiDli  to  ihv  A/oi/iiini.  Tlun  was  n,, 
eliaiine  in  llie  ])eisoMnel  ol  the  iiiasteis  on  the  ocean  sleaniships  in  ixdy,  anil  ainon^  tlieni  Captains  Chi  is  |)i,l| 
J.  R.  Kelly,  Metz),'er.  Holies,  VViiisor,  Thorn,  Scholl,  Conner  I'li,'!  (".odfrey  were  the  liesl  known.  Messrs,  Wiioijs 
Winnint;,  Mannie,'  Ilawley,  ( lilel  and  others,  who  afterwani  iiecanie  well  known  iiiHineers,  were  scuiiij;  m 
(lifTerenl  ea|)acilies  on  these  steamers. 


The  steamship  A/d/io  was  hnilt  at   Hath,  Me.,  in   iHM 


Jarvis   Tallon,  who  sent  the  steamer  .U,'ii/iiii 


to  the  Coast  the  iirecediny;  year.     She  was  an  exceedingly  well  hnill  vessel,  oak, 
yellow  piiu.'  and  hackmatack  eiileriiin  into  her  I'onslrnction,  and  is  said  to  have  cost 


)|t2,S<), 


She  went  directly  to  the  I'acihc  Coast,  and  comnieiKed  rnnninn  north  in 


March,   i>^(<y,  continninv;    in    the    trade    lielween    San    hiancisco   and    all    ports   of 


importance  as  far  .is  Alaska   lor  over  twenty  years,  wi 


th  tl 


le  exception 


I" 


in    the    Ilonoluln    tradi,   where    she   was    handled    hy    Cajitain    I'loyd 


)l   a  short 
1(1 


Ivngineer   Ilawley.'-      In    1875  she  was  transferred,  with   the  rest  of   the    llolladay 


(leel,  to  (iooiliill.  Nelson  iSi   Co. 


d   lemaiiied    in   their  servi<e  and   that  of  their 


.successors  until  i.sss,  when  she  was  chailcrci 
Company,  who  lost   her  the  following   \iar 


iV  llie 


Oienon  Railway  iS:  Xavij^ali 


iiH   \iar  on   Race  Rocks,  near  X'ictoria.      When 
Cornwall  put  the  dniil  A'i/>ii /•//'/( n\  the  northern  route  as  an  opposition  steamer,  the 


I  (ill  ho 


was  started  out   as  a 


liaser,"  sailing  a   few 


later 


111; 


her 


competitor 


ind 


<arryin;;     |)asseii^;ers 


at     i^i 


anil 


Z"®^ 


.S7SII.  wliiU'   the   steamer   thai   sailed   with 
the  k'ipiih/ii  WIS  ohlinid  10  acte|)t  whatever 

.,11.,  t  I  .,,,  1I  I  J      I  I'lMJII'    \'.\N    'r.\SS|  J  1. 

lale    the    laltir  iiiiidc.       In    iXH,^   the   /(Iti/io 

took  till'  place  of  the  /:iirikui ,  running  to  Alaska  in  command  of  C;i 
James  Carroll,  .inil  it  is  <)wiii>^  to  this  that  she  is  probably  bettci  kiio 
than  ihroiiKh  any  other  service,  as  she  was  for  many  years  aliiiusl 


oulv  means  of  comnmnication  with   that  remote  seetii 


She  has  Ih 


fi/.ed 


several    tiims   by  llii-  (ioveniment  iliiriii).;  her  career  on 


1:11  ).;c 


siiiilKKliiiK 


but  1 


las  always  succeeilei 


(;etti!i){  clear.     Cajil.ains  Carinll 


lluuler  and  Wallace  were  the  last  oMicers  in 


commanil 


before   the   I'liii) 


ilic   chartered    the    steamer,   and    Captain   Aiij^ersteiii  was  111  (li;u);i 


vlieii 


made   her   fiii.-il   trip  (set 


reck  of  /ila/in.  iH.Si, 


Till 


was  two  hundred  .iiid  (ifken  feci  lone,,  Ihiilyoiie  feel  beam,  twiiily  om 
feet  hold,  with  eiiKiues  twenty  one  and  Inrly  b\  lliirly  four  iuclics.  Sin 
registered  .about  ei^;ht  hundred  toils. 

The  .  //(/ 1  was  one  of  tin-  best  proiiellers  that  had  >  et  appeiind  mi 
tlu'  i'oitlaiid  rcinle.  .She  was  liiiill  in  New  \'ork  in  iSfi.|  for  the  (".M\'riii 
liieiit   siivice,  and   lor  this  reason  was  put  tonethci   with  umisu.dlv  Im  r 


limbers 
hirme 


■I 


and  Willi   a 
■Mtlleiil    WI 


of  her  machiii.  IV 


bel 


ow  Ihc  waler   line. 


Sh( 


Ilk 


the   Ivi-^tmi 


si   for  a 


shoil   lime 


eiiKiiH'M,  a  IK 


I   C, 


first 


troops  to  llnir  homes  at  tin  close  ol   the  w.ir,  and  soon  afterward  slaikd 
for   '?lle    I'acific  in  command  of  Capl.iin  Ciodfrey,  wilh    ,Sani|(soii,  (iml 
.laiit.     (.'apt    Chris  Dall  took  her  to  I'ortland  on  her  first  trip  in  June,   i.'^'';,  Iml  li- 
was  soon  snciTi-deil  liy  Capt.  I'ud  Holli  ~   who  handled  lur  for  seveial  M-ars,  Capt.  James  Carroll  liavinj^  been  iii.it' 

*  M.  N.  .Maiiiiif  was  Immii  ill  .Ni-v\  Suik  ni  |S\7.  tif^^iiii  iiiiiniii|;  on!  ol  llial  riiy  ill  iH=,.j.  ami  ;i  \far  lati-r  caiin  i'»  11:- 
I'lieilic  C'oiisl,  wliere  he  srrveil  as  iiili;r  mi  llie  slfaimi  .ScntHit,  retaining  lliis  |)iisitiiiii  .'i  year,  ami  thru  loiiiin^;  the  sti-niiier  t  'i<,'itirlihi 
111  1S5S  tic  WHS  oil  tile  Koiillicni  iipiiU's.  lull,  when  Captain  Ciiiioll  look  llic  l.illli'  t  iiliiniiiiii  in  the  iioilht  in  liadi',  .Maiinii-  l.i  c  aim 
cliiel  en^'im-iT,  lie  siihsniuctilh-  workcil  lor  three  years  iis  i-hicf  eii^^iiit-cr  on  tin-  Xwy,^  t  ohimhiii  and  .h/titnt,  and  iliiiiiiK  '" 
careei  on  tin-  Tn.-ist  spt-nt  liltr^-n  \cmis  ini  tin  ''  iiiatn.i  route  ill  the  caiiac-itN  of  lliiiil,  Herond  and  lirsl  Hssislaiit  and  rliit-l  i-n  I'l'ir 
III'  Is  III  pri'sriit  living;  in  San  t-rainisi-o. 

■'■  Isaac  Oilel,  en^^inee-r.  was  horn  in  Maine  in  iS.j  \.  caine  to  the  I'.'irilie  Const  in  1S67,  jind  served  lor  a  year  and  a  hall  -  n  11,- 
stemiishi|i  '  (i«//i/>'/.7ii/,  leaving  h(- 1  lot  the /l/»i.  I'tiv/ni  nimiiiii.!  to  San  pmn  .Afti  1  making' a  lew  trips  on  llie  sonlhcrii  nmic,  li' 
wi'iit  iiiln  tin-  iioiihcni  si-i\n-i..  on  tin-  slis-innf-  ?/(/ 1  ami  {>tlfl<i}inin ,  with  wliii-li  he  rem  liiu-d  lor  a  year,  inakiii^  ;i  ti  ■  Irii- 
on  the  j\fi>>i/iin>i  iliiiiiu  '111  •  time.  Ifi  ;.-tiifil  lioiii  \\\^y  wali-i  alh-i  this  sc-ixiic,  ami  snlisi-f|m-nll\  Inllowcrt  h:  iirofessimi  n  tti' 
Saeraini-nlo  Kim  1  lot  .  i^Oil  Ncars,  iliii  s  -y  wliieli  \\v  was  i-iij.;;im-il  ..ii  tin*  stfanii-rs  .V  ,1/.  H'/n^f>fi\  Miii  v  i.aniii:.  t  'i'nfi-nuid'  Uu 
tiiiif'iitf.  ttn.iuin/,  /^  •//'  "/  ///'■  A*/?V'i .  *  Mt^liithi ,  ,S<>muiiii,  A't-'intit,  )'int-m;ff  ami  .hni-/iii,  Ihe  two  lato-r  lilletwanl  hccotnii.-.'  wi-Il 
known  \¥.  Itrilisli  C<(liiiiiliia  w.tlern.  M'  '><li-l  has  also  hern  diiployi'il  ••«i  «he  steainshiji  A'arhrii  niiininj,'  to  Mi\-iii>,  ami  11  ll" 
SV.  /'id.  running  l«  .Maskii.  Ilrfoii'  noinw  •>"  Ihe  Sac  rMiin-nlo  Ki'vi-i  »•.  was  on  llie  (,'ni'iiil  Mi /'liif.iiii  Icn  ,1  shoii  iii.'.  1 
t»o\elnimiil  h*v,^i  Minnin>{  helw.-«-n  .\li-:ili.i'  IslamI  in  S;in  rocm-isc-o  M;c\  ukI  tin-  in.iinl.cml  In  litlc-r  vc-;irs  In- lia-.  Ivi'll  in  Sun 
l''ranriHc"o  h  '  I  \  st-rvimin  the  sti  ctm.-is  /•/<//(/  /,  ;y//>/f-,  .  t/<ini,i/ii,  /■./  1  \if>tl  ,  ihiUiiml,  .\'/-..  ./;/-,  //c/i-  1  i/y  /  hiiimI  :\\\A  'Ihoio.  '■"' 
At  'liO'erem  \nnes  ti«  lins  ln-i-n  ct*i»H«sh'il  willi  iiioic-  tlinn  ;c  scene  cl  olhc  t  wc-ji  kn  .wii  sU-aniers,  itml  has  icc-t'iillv  seivicl  ,ii  111- 
steiinier  f.<.f.  ■   Hmlim 

*I»,<V  MawU-N  was  horn  ni  Seolhiml  in  iS.;S,  ami.  alic-r  h-.iiiiinj<  hi-  triclc,  lann-  lo  Ihi*  I'licilic-  Coast  in  iSsH.  Me  ioi  'I  tin- 
siriiiner  (iotiliH  ./;•»  socni  'ifti-i  tiis  aiiivcil,  hut  U-Il  hei  ami  s|n-nl  Ihnt  m-ius  in  Mi-\ic-o,  In  llir  spring  ol  i.S(i2  In  ,  ■  at  tc 
Vielotia,  liist  Irving  his  Im  k  in  Ihe  I'lnilioo  niinc-s.  hut,  mn  nn-i'liii^  \mIIi  siirci-ss,  reliinied  lo  his  voc-iilion  a'-  ^ftcnnl  fn).;iin-*'i  "ii  I'l'- 
strnnisliip  /  '^ci«r/(i'/v  M<  soon  left  this  stc.inn-r  ami  ■,».  nl  Hast,  retiiiniii^!  in  iSd,";  mi  the  slc'iinship  (  nhniiilii.  Soon  ,r  1  In 
arriv.il  In-  i"mi-il  the  Itlitlw,  on  which  he  run  lo  Iloiinlnlii,  Ife  was  siihsccjni-ntlv  on  llu-  ste.inier  .S(///;/iM  as  ehiel  for  o\«  ■  Ilitu 
years,  iiinl  HrH-iWiinl  in  l>ooc|iill,  I'l-rkins  .V  fo's  i-iii|»lci\  foi  live  yeais.  \\  he  11  l''r..iik  Hatn.cid  owned  Ihe  WilmiHi^toii,  1'  iwli'\ 
was  on  hei  .is  iissisi.nit  sevet.il  tunes  mnl  serve  c|  ;is  chief  c-ii^;iiic-er  ol  the  cessel  lor  ,clcc.nt  .i  \c-iir.  He  is  at  present  living;  '  1  ^n" 
I'tum-IMCo  anil  makes  ueeasioiial  trips  on  the  clitleienl  sluaiiiship .  rnniiin^  out  ol  the  Hay  City. 


with  V 
Maeki' 

thirty  ! 

lifty  h" 

siilewli 

rinK'd 

ilj!i):ii 


fhi:  Alaska  Punhanu,  A'lvfnl  of  M:iny  ririi:  !^t(::imi.Tn  on  hiyct  S()uii(l 


■59 


witli  li  1  iliiriiiH  lliis  lime.  Otli  .  mastcTS  of  the  slcaiiicr  were  Mct/ner,  Carroll,  I'loyl,  Mackii-  aii<l  Joliiisoii, 
Miii'ki'  iiUiiin ''liart"e  wlieii  Holies  went  Ivisl  to  hriiiK  out  llie  f  V/i' ()/  t'//('.s/(/-.  Tla-  .//(/ 1  was  two  liuiidred  and 
lliirlv  li.i  li^el  loiin,  thirty  live  fiet  heaiii,  and  twenty  live  feet  hold  ;  toiiiiane,  me  thousand  tliree  hnndrccl  and 
liftv  Iniii.     She  wai  lost  in  Se|itciMlKr,   i.S'jn,  on  lllnnl's  Reef. 

The  steainshii)  John  I..  Sli/>lii)is  was  hnilt  in  New  \'oik  in  i.s.s-'  hy  Smith  anil  Diamond.  She  was  a 
sidewli'  >  !ir,  with  tliree  <K('ks  and  the  old-fashioneil  beam  en>(ine,  and  when  she  first  a|)|)eare(l  was  l)rinantine 
riHK>'l  She  was  re^arileil  as  immense  in  the  early  days  of  her  career  on  the  northern  route.  Her  dimensions 
Hire:  liiiHth,  two  linii<hed  ancl  seventy  five  feet;  heain,  forty  one  feel;  depth  of  holil,  Iwentyfonr  feel; 
liiniiaK' .  one  llionsanil  cinht  hnndred  anil  thirty  six.  Capl.  Chris  Mall  ran  her  in  i.S(i7,  and  was  suiceeded 
hv  .\Iil/K''l.  Johnson,  Hullis,  Conner,  .Miickie,  and  others.  In  i.Sy.^  the  steamer  was  sold  in  San  I'Vaneisi-o  to 
SissHii,  Wallace  it  Co.,  to  j;o  to  Alaska,  where  she  w.is  nsed  as  a  llo.itin^;  e.iiniery,  and  on  her  retinn  was  so  old 
unci  Iciidi  r  that  she  was  retired  from  service  and  broken  M|i  the  lollowiii);  ye.ir. 

Tile  steamship  I'lili/omid,  known  during  the  e.irly  days  of  her  cireei  on  tin-  Coast  .is  tin-  /.ill/i-  ('(iliii'iiii<i, 
,iiiil  :illruvard  as  the  h'.iinkd,  was  Imilt  ;it  Mystic,  Conn.,  and,  alter  coiiiin^  roiiiid  from  llie  Ivisl,  made  her 
Mist  voyane  North  ill  i.H'i'),  arriviiij.;  at  I'ortlaiid  in  August,  in  comin.ind  ul  Captain  Ciodliey.  The  lollowiiij^  year 
she  rduMil  the  steamer  (iii^\ir  '/'il/dir  uw  the  I'oilland  and  \'i(toria  route,  making  her  initial  trip  in  Janiiiiry  with 
Cii]il;iiii  l.vons  in  charge.  .She  remained  in  this  service  several  years,  e.\ce]it  at  intervals  when  she  ran  to  Alask.i. 
Atlii  ISiii  llolladay  met  his  W'.iterloo,  and  lost  his  sleamshii)  line,  he  coiiti  ivccl  to  rel.iin  possession  of  the 
(iililoiiiiii.  and  she  continued  in  his  service  until  i.S;*),  when  yonnj^  Men  llollad.iy  disposed  of  her  to 
r.  li.  Cornwall,  who  had  the  Alaska  mail  contract,  and  ojierated  heron  that  route,  connectin;;  at  Portland  with  the 
slt:iiiisln]i  (iicdl  /\'</>iil>/i(  .after  the  opposition  started.  When  the  .Northern  I'acilic-  Railroad  was  coiiiplilecl 
jrclwicii  Kalama  and  Taeoma,  the  travel  liy  ore.aii  was  so  li^ht  that  the  steamer  |iaid  hut  small  profits,  and  she 
iviiUii:illy  made  the  Sound  the  sonthern  termiinis  of  her  Alaska  mil.  With  the  eiicl  ol  the  Cornwall  competition, 
she  WIS  withdrawn  for  a  short  time,  hnt  reappeareil  on  the  Alaska  route  in  issi  in  c-ominand  of  Capt.  James 
C:iriiill,  who  ran  her  until  iS.S;^,  wdieii  he  was  succeeded  hy  llnnter.  In  ch.irne  of  the  latter,  in  April,  iS.S^, 
ulii!'  1  oiiiiii^;  throii^;li  the  r.ipids  at  I'eril  Straits  ;it  a  sixteen  mile  K''il.  ^he  struck  on  the  led^e  known  as  Wyanila 
Kiirk  lisled  o\er  to  starlioanl  and  slipped  olf  into  deep  water.  Captain  llunlir  ln'ailecl 
JHi  fill  shore,  and,  aided  hy  the  current,  the  steamer  was  driven  fur  .i'!  he  was  worth. 
j;ruiiiiillii^;  just  as  the  engineers  and  firemen  were  fiirced  fioiii  their  posts.  !  Aer\  one 
liinclril  safel\'.  and,  on  the  .irriv.il  of  llie  news  at  X'ictoria,  .i  sleamei  was  dispalihed 
with  uicckiiin  near,  with  which  she  w.as  r.aised  and  toweil  to  \'ictoiia,  iirriviiiK  in 
jiine.  She  ran  hut  little  in  the  Northwest  after  this  accidenl,  hut  iMppi-ired  at  Seattle 
ill  iSni,  lakiiiK  the  place  of  the  .7///  for  a  few  trips,  and  siihseipieiitiy  sc.iv;!!!  husiness 
sijiitli  cji  S.iu  l''ranciscci.  In  .-idditiou  to  the  captains  aliove  nientiimed,  the  following 
wire  111  iliai^e  while  she  W.as  on  the  Northern  co.isl  :  Joliii  Hayes.  Cliailes  'riioin, 
N'.  I,.  l<o^;ers.  II.  .\I.  dreKory,''  Holies,  Winsor,  ancl  I)enn\'.  'I'lie  (d/i/iii nin  was  lillilt 
tliimi^liout  of  o.ik  ;iiid  chestnut  and  was  schooner  rin>^>cl.  Her  dimensions  weie  : 
leiiHlli,  one  hundred  and  sixty  ei^lit  feet  ;  lieam,  twenty  feet  ;  de|itli,  lilteeii  feet  ; 
( iii'iiic-s,  twenty-six  hy  thirty  inches. 

White  winded   ])eace  hovered  over  the  steamlioat  interests  of  the  Columhia  and 
Willaiiiilte    Ui\er  durinj;  IH'17,  ancl    lale-euttinn   was   not   indul);ecl    in       The    People's 

Tiaiis]Hirtatioii    Company,   haviiiy;   swallowed    np   its   late   aiitanonisl,    the   Willaiiultc  '  ""'    "^   1.   i<"',ii's 

Steamlioat  Company,  was  operating  the  steamers  ././/,v  and  Siiiiilm  helweeu  rorlland  ,and  Oregon  City,  the 
lull, nil, ,  .lliil  ,aiid  liiiniy  l'iill,>ii  lietweeii  the  I'alls  and  Corvallis.  the  /■.//Av/i/Zvc  to  Jvunenc',  and  the  I'liimi  to 
N'.iiiihill.  The  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Coinp.iny  made  a  ^ood  trade  wuli  Hale,  Crosliy  \'  Witisor  of  I'liget 
Suiiml,  sicuriuK  the  steamer  /(«/>■, J// AVc;  ancl  a  honns  cjf  5  )(i,ciiim  in  e\eli.in^;c-  loi  the  AV,,-  W'oilil,  which  h.ad 
;ilw;n  s  liceu  ex]iensive  to  oiierate.  The  /in/V  A/iXnu  was  put  011  the  Astoiia  route-,  and  ran  as  a  mail  lioa!  in 
|)1mic'  ciI  Uk-  /ii/iii  II.  Colli li  until  relieved  liy  the  (>kinii>i;ini,  the  latter  steamer  eoiniun  over  the  Cascades  in  l''elii  nary 
ill  cii  iij'c  of  Ca))t.  Thomas  Stump.  The  h'niiiiir,  a  small  stc-inwhecha,  w.is  Imilt  at  Rainier  hy  John  Holland  fiir 
the  C  iwlil/  Steam  Navi^;.ilioii  Com  pan  v,  or^;aiii/ecl  in  i.SOy  with  llie  folic  'win^;  cilfic  cts  :    |)i-:m  I'l.iiich.ird.    prisidint  : 

'I'lcpl,  II.  yx.  (Victory  is  tim*  cil  tin-  i>i(iitci-r  sleiiiiishipinrn  of  I  In-  Ccmsl,  vvlirrc  hi-  iiirivt-ii  lotU-  >'fais  ci^o,  itnci  siiic-e  Ihcil  time 
licis  lir.ii  uii  lu'.-uly  all  c»f  iis  miili-s.  lie-  wiis  lor  manv  vc-;irs  in  the  I*.-ic-itic-  Mail  iiiiil  Ilulimhiy's  i-niploy,  ancl  lias  com  ma  iic  Ice  I  several 
111  I  111-  1.1  nil  ins  sleamshi|,s  cil  i-arly  davs.  When  ihe  .Shiihiiil,-  was  sent  nmlh,  willi  heaili|narlers  al  .-Vsliiiia,  C'.i|iliiin  ('.  rej^mv  was  her 
iii;i-.i' I  ;ini|  lemaiiH-tl  witii  her  anil  hi-r  snci-essiir,  llic-  .IA/»/-'.////7'/.  lor  si-\i-i;il  \e-ars  .\l'ti-r  leaving  the  li^hthensc  servii-e  he  was 
ra|il,iiii  i.i  the  stc-amc-i-,    I'liiik,',    ami  //>inii  I   («M  a  while,  hnt  at  the  presc-nt  lime  is  ncil  mtivelv  eniplii\eil. 

I.  ipt.  Mean  Itlanc-liarcl  of  Rainier  was  licmi  in  Mailisun.  .Me.,  in  i.S^,  and  eame  t.i  the-  I'arilii-  Coast  in  iH^^,  arriving  in 
I'lilil-iinia  in  the  fall  ol  that  year,  and.  K"i"K  '"  'n-i-unn  the  fcillnwin)?  April  loeateil  at  S'  Helens,  whieli  at  that  tune  was  hmked 
II  pi  II I  .1 .  I  he-  Inline-  j;ti-at  »it  \  n/  the-  i.nast.     In  \>',ss  he  jciinecl  the  c-nnimand  ed'  Mainr  llallc-r  and  wc-nt  to  lelalni  ini  an  Indi.in  li^hlin^ 

i-ipi'liiiiii,  i-unliniiiii).;  in  He*  .erviic-  null  I  the  liiri-c-  ri-.ii-hi-d  la  I  i  linn  la,  win  ri-  In-  li-ll  I  In- in  .cm  I  rc-tmni-d  tei  1  m-j; 11  the  spiinn  cil 

l-'iV'.  11 11  inn  'he  i-iiiphn  •/  Che  cpiartel  master's  ili-partme-nt  al  \'am-iiiive-r.  lie-  ic-:iiained  lln-re  a  vi  ,11  and  then  went  In  St,  Helens, 
wlic-ii  hi- wa.s  elec-led  i-onnt  V  .tnclitcir  a:i'I  elfrk  serving*  lor  liinr  \(-ats.  l-'min  this  pmnt  he  ri-tnrm-d  tn  Vam-nnver,  lint  ten-  a  slnnt 
liiiii- •''i;\ .  and  then  renieived  icj  Uairiic-t  aiiil  stHrt<-d  in  Ihe  saw  mill  ami  c-einlrai-lin^  linsiness.  He  was  a  leading  spirit  in  all  nl  the 
iippi.  -i-iM  steamlioat  eiiterpMHi--i  or  »lie  lower  over  routes,  and  during  the  past  lhirl\-  years  has  owned  or  lieeii  inleri-sled  in  half  a 
■lii/i  1  I  liners.  At  Ihe  presi-nl  Hi'  he  is  jiroprietor  cd  the  Inn  loliii  li'i",!,  which  he  operates  In  oonneelion  with  his  wooil  and 
iiiiiilii    liMsiness. 


iJij: 


MP 


■i 


!  ^ 


III 


Hi 


ill: 


I  i 


i  - ) 
!    1 


•III 


1 60 


Lewis  (J  Dryd(>n's  Marine  History  of  tho  Pacific  Northwest 


Jiivim  lliill,  vice  |iivsi(kiil  ;  II.  II.  I'iiilo,  secretary;  Ferdinand  Sellable,  treasurer;  John  K.  Jackscjii,  W.  ij 
Oosnell  and  J.  I).  Tackaberry,  with  lilt-  above  named  officers,  forniin).;  the  Hoard  of  Directors.  The  /uiinin 
started  on  the  route  between  Cowlitz,  I.andinn  and  Monlicello  in  October,  1.S117,  in  <oniinan<l  of  Capt.  |.  T.  Koriis, 
but  was  seized  by  the  (loveriuneiit  early  in  the  followinn  year  and  >olil  to  Capt.  J.  C  Kin^sley,  h'red  Ila'lKin^;li 
and  J.  ("i.  Toner,  who  renanieil  her  the  (iinir.  Capt.  Kinnsley  continued  her  in  the  trade  for  which  shr  <v:is 
designed,  for  a  short  lime,  and  then  ran  her  in  the  jobbiiiy;  business.  In  1^70  she  was  ajjain  on  the  Covvlil/  jn 
charge  of  Capt.  James  Fisher,  this  time  ruiniiuH  through  to  I'orlland  in  opposition  to  the  steamers  ll'i>/,i/  m,] 
A'isiiif,  and  the  following  year  appeared  on  the  Oregon  City  route.  In  iS;,^  Capt.  James  Troup  made  a  leu  trip. 
with  her  lo  Vancouver,  and  iu  the  fall  of  thai  year  she  was  sold  to  the  Willamette  Kiver  Transportation  Conipniiy. 
In  IS;.)  she  was  remodeled  at   W'estport.  coming  out  as  a  freight  and  towing  steamer,  under  the  ownershi]M)i 


O'Xeil,  1 1, (11  and  .Vrmslroiin,  the  latter  beiuH  master. 


Th 


c  Riiiiiii-iCdirif  vvas  einhtvlwo  feet  lonn,  einhlicn  fcii 


beam,  ami  three  feel  nine  inches  hold,  with  engines  einhl  and  a  <|uartcr  by  thirty-six  inches.  On  the  Tuiilitiii 
Kiver  the  Oiihaitl,  the  best  steamer  which  had  yet  <listurl)ed  the  waters  of  that  stream,  was  coustrucled  by  C;i|it 
Joseph  KelloKH  'ind  was  operated  in  the  interests  of  the  I'eople's  Transportation  Company  with  a  "  Kellon^' <  ixw, 


Capt.  Ivhvard  KcUo^^;  conunandiiin,  with  Ivlisha  Kellonn,  eUKinet 


lOrriu  Kello)^>4.  pmser,  while  Capt.  juseiili 


Kelln^j'  was  the  prini'ipal  owner.  In  1.S7  i  she  passe<l  lliroU).;h  the  ( Jswe^o Canal,  bcin^;  the  first  steamer  to  ;;ofn,ni 
the  Tnaliliii  Ui\er  lo  the  lake.  ,S|ie  was  then  in  ehar^;e  of  Capt.  (.)rriu  Kellonj;,  and  the  following;  year  W!i>. 
bronchi  down  to  the  Willametle  and   pl.iced  on   the  Cathlamet  route.      In    iK7,s  she  Jiassed  into  the  hands  of  llit 


( )ienon  Steam   Navigation  Comp: 


who  wore  her  out.     The  (hn,iiij 


was  niuetyeinht  feet  lon^,  sevenleeu  feet  beam,  and  four  feit  hold,  ujih 
engines  leu  and  a  (piarter  by  forl>  einlit  inches.  Another  small  steiinar 
was  liuill  ;it  I'orlland  to  be  usei 
sternwheeler 


I  as  a  tr 


IIIUIH- 


ill.      She  w.is  a 


iliniiiHilivf 


called 


the  Shiil/oh  ,  ap])areiitly  not  because  <, 


f   Ik 


as  she  was  about   the   slowest   contrivance   uliicli    had   yet   appeared   In 


the  sh.ipe  of 


steamboat.       Her 


were   \allard   iS:    I' 


who  afterward  .sold  her  lo  T.  .\I.  Ariiohl,  who  In   turn  disposed  ol   lui 


loj.  S.  IK 
beam.      A 


The  Siv,i//o 


lis  forty-five  feet  Ioiik,  willi  I'leveii  ful 


lall    propeller    named    the  .Mfilin  was    launched  at   I';iii|)Ik 
City,  and  proved  a  great  convenience  in  carrying  passeuKers  and   IrIhIii 

its  tributaries.     The  .  ///>//((   was  fnsl  in 


but 


iu    i.S7c>  Capt.  William   A.   I, use  UmjI; 


,ind    towing   on  Coos   l!a\'  : 

char)4e  of  Capt.   II.    II.    I, us 

command  and  ran  her  until    i.S7(i.     She  was  sixty-five  feet  lou^,  with  ;i 

fourteen  by   twelve   inch   engine.     The   /.nrislan,  a  small  slei  uwlKolir 


built  at  rmalilla  for  the  Snake   Kiver 


business,  made  her  appearance  i  1 


|S(,- 


nit  was  loo  small  and 


1(1   p' 


irlv  constructed  to  cut  verv  much  nf  ; 


*:  ^I'T.  Oman    lit. 


fiKiire.  and  soon  withdrew  from  the  uii]ier  river.  Her  owners,  I'eniii  \ 
Clifford,  lost  money  on  the  ventiin  The  Oren(ni  Steam  Navinaliiiii 
Company  added  no  steamers  to  their  fleet  on  the  upper  river  lliU 
year,  but  those  already  there  were  kept  busy  the  greater  part  of  llic 
season.  In  June  the  )'<ikiiiii>  made  a  run  from  Celilo  to  I.cwistim, 
covering  the  dlslance  in   fort> one  hours  and  Ihirly-five  minules.     Tin 


Oregon  (\:   .Montana  Transportation  Coiiipa 


nv   keiit    llieii 


i)KM     t(l 


.Montana  with   lln.    .lAj/r  Moinlv  and   .yi^^inilit.     The  Ncu-  ]\'(>il<l,  the  finest   sleaiiui    which    had    yet    ap|it.iuil 


I'ngel   SoniK 


icd    at    Olympiii    from    the    Columb 


W'insor,   and    a    brief   period    of    very    warm    compeliti 


ha 


leeii    accuniidating 


the 


of  war  d 


more  expensive  to  run  than  the    /I'sif  McNiur,   for  which  she   had    been   exchangeil,   and    the    owners 


1  I<i\ir  in  Februaiv  in  charge  of  C;ipl.  Cliaili-^ 
as  indulged  in  with  the  h'.lir:ii  .  I ihlii  s,>ii,  uliirli 
The   AV  ,-■'    W  \'il(l  was   mn.  h 

till 


nring   several   years  ol'  prosjni  ity. 


A>i,i 


had 


ittle   dinicult 


>■  in    ending    tin    conlesl 


Captain    I'"ii 


bought  hei 


iber 


and   sent   liii 


back    to  California,   where    the    California   Steam    Xavigalion    Company  i>ro'nptly  attached    her    lor    lireai  h  oi 
)f   the    sale  at  the  lime  of  her  ]inrcliase  by  the  Oregon  Sleain   Navigation  Coiiipaii) 


eoiilract.   the   conditio 


providing  that  she  should   be  kept  out    of  California  waters    for    ten    years.      Two   steamers    of    I'liget   S'liinil 
construcliou.   whi<  h    afterward    became    ipiite  well    known,   made  their  d.bul   iu    1.S67.  one  of  them,   the  lUdn. 


being    slill    in    service    at    \ictoria.      The   <jther,   the    ill, luilis,   begn 


Her 


111    drav 


Harlx 


compaiiv'  which  had  operated  the  Sahall  on  the  Chehalis   Kiver  the  preceding  year  launched   another  st 


bearing  the  name   (  airir 


Pa 


which,  with   the  former,   furnished    the   settlers   in    that  \icinil\    about 


lraiis])ortalion    facilities    needed  ;    ai 


llhongh    the    C/ii/m/is    tried    for   nearly   three    years   to   fill   a  \" 


It,  she  was  nnsnccesslnl  and  returned  to  the  .Sound,  win 


she  snbseipieiilly 


enioyei 


icl 


:i    lucrative  bli-    ii's 


The   A'/(A|'  was  a  siiiall   piopeller  of  about  tweiily-tive  tons  burden,  built  at  Snohniiiish  Cil>  by  Captain 


who  ran  lur  lieweeii  Seattle  and  Snohomish  for  a  short  time, 


then   sold   her   lo   Aleiggs  \    C.iwley, 


her  lor  \cars  as  a  ferry  lielweeu   I'orl  Madison  and  .Seaf.le.     .\inong  her  captains  were  Andrew  lielmonl, 


Ih 


e  eiiiploN of  the  Oregon  Kailway  &  Navigation  Company  at 


itl.iuil,  Thomas  Wilson,  deccised 


J.  li. 


Thu  Alnska  PurJinsf:,  Advfnt  of  Miiny  fim:  Stfftmi.'ra  on  Puyvt  Sutind 


i6i 


riic  (liiliitlis  was  ii  siniil 


(oliii   I  iiriliiMii,"  Iv  1''.  Huckliii,  niicl  oIIkth.     In  1S79  she  was  l)()Ut;lit  in  l>y  Ofxlcr  Ilorton  &  Co.,  and  aflfrwanl 
iiseil  ;i-  .1  Iri'iKlit  i'"''  ii>'''>'"K  stcanKT,  fiTially  luin^  pnrchasfd  liy  X'iiloria  |)artifs,  wlio  ri-Kislercd  licr  nnder  the 

Hritisli  iliiK. 

I  sti-rnwlKi'kr,  built  at  'I'uinwatft  in  iHf)7  by  II.  II.  Hyde,  and  after  a  disa.stroii.s 
expeiienic  on  llie  Clielialis  River  was  opetaled  hetwern  Snoliomisli,  Port  (landile 
and  I.udlow.  Slie  was  sul)se<|nently  sold  to  tlie  Hlaik  IHaniond  Coal  Company 
and  used  for  lowing  barges  on  the  lake,  Captain  Iluffiier  and  William  Halley, 
who  was  afterward  killed  on  the  Hh,  comnianiliM^.  lirittain  iNc  llrennan  then 
lion({lit  her  ami  used  her  on  the  Ska>;il.  .She  was  the  first  steamer  that  ever 
went  ui>  as  far  as  Portage  l<api<ls,  and  the  first  to  ascend  Sank  River.  Captains 
Daniel  lienson,  Curtis  I).  Hrowiifield,'  and  Robert  Bailey,  had  ehar^e  of  her 
while  she  was  on  the  Skavjil,  and  Ca])t.  Hiram  Olney  ran  her  on  the  Seattle 
and  Olympia  route.  She  did  jfood  service  until  November,  1.H.S2,  whcMl  .she  was 
^^f^'    V  eaUKhl  in  a  ^ale  while  di  rtui/r  from  Snohomish  to  Seattle,  in  eonnnand  of  Capt. 

^^^^^^   ^^^^^^^  W.  I''.  Munroe,  .mil,  beeoniinn  uiiman.ij;eable.  was  blown  stern  on  to  the  beach 

J^^^H^^I^^^^^^^^k       near  Ten   Mile   Point      The  vessel  was  a  total   loss,  an<l   her  car(;o 

.^^^^^^^^F^^^^^H^H       alon^  the  shore  for  a  distance  of  ten  miles.     The  C'/irlmlis  e(piip))ed  with  the 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H       en>;ines  which  were  originally  in  William  Moore's  I'raser  River  ste.uner  llenriella, 

--^^^^^^^^^"^^^^^^  The  Alaska  steam  fleet  had  three  representatives  on  the  waters  of  I'uj;et 

.Souiul    and    lintish    Columbia   m    [H'17.  the  most  import.int  ol    which  was  the 

l\\tilki>hky.     The   kussiiiii  steamer  .Mrxaudci   also  made  two  trips  to  Victoria  on  business  in  connection  with  the 

Ininsfcr  of  the  territory  of  Alaska  to  the  t'nited  States,  and  the  steamer  AVvc,'"  built  at  Sitka  this  year,  came 

(IdWii  as  far   as  Victoria.     The    unfortunate 

sliMiiKi    Ciiiih'Xi.    bought    and     repaired     by 

Mcl)i)iii;al    brothers   of  X'ictoria,   reappeared 

Miickr  comiiKiiid  of  Captain   P'rain,"  with  an 

iiddiliiiii  to  her  name,  and  for  the  last  ipiarlcr 

iif  ii  century  has  been  |)roniinenl  in   marine 

lirdes  as  the  Curilwo  nml  I'ly .     The  steamer 

lUiiiiii,  Capt.  Tom   Wright,    had    the    postal 

(diiliact    between     X'icloria     and     San    Juan 

l>laiicl,   receivint;   Jd.oou   per  year   from   the 

llipartiiaiit,  and   in  addition  to  her  services 

as  a  mail  lio.it  made  a  ).;reat  many  trips  on 

tJR-  SuMiid  with   (iovcrnment  ofiicials,  and  in 

iklolM-r   took    the    members    of    the    Alaska 

Coiiniiission   to   Fort   Siin)>son.     The    l.ivin- 

l/iiiii,  which  had  sported  in  the  waters  of  the 

Cohiniliia   for  a  lony;  time,  was  place<l  under 

till-  I!tili>li  jlaj;  aKaiii.     The  steamer  ridilalir 

was  s(j1(1   lo   the    Russian    I'nr  Cimipanv  in  .so  a.mkk     khs. v   i-"kmi  m  v  ihk  ■■iiakan..m 

l-irst  slciiiiii-i  l.iiill  ill  Aliihka 


^M 


Cnjil.  Jiiiiii  I'anili.'iin  was  horn  in  .M.iiiie  in  iSjti  ami  went  lo  sea  from  Cliarlfston,  S.  C,  in  iS^2.  I)nrinj{  the  Crinu-an  War 
111-  WHS  .111  ilic  sliiii  I'ittin.  an  .Aineriian  vessel  iliarUTi-il  liy  llie  Vri-ncli  In  run  from  .Marsi'illt'S  lo  llalal<lava.  lie  rtmaincil  willi  llie 
ri/./i/  in  dial  service  fiu  Ihrei-  \ears,  ami  then  saileii  on  lier  lo  Australia  :in'l  .South  .American  ])orls  nntil  she  (ouniiereil  oil  the  coasl 
'if  I'll  ;i  I  In  lemming'  lo  New  York  he  ship|>eil  lor  (.'hiria  otl  the  ,IA;//«/i"/.  .aflerwaul  lo-.l  oil  Cape  I'l.itlery.  lie  Icli  her  in 
Hejij^k'.ii^,  and  ran  I'of  a  short  time  on  the  siilewheel  steamer  f'n/cru,  helween  Honykon^  ami  Shanghai,  where  he  suliseijnenth 
lollowe.l  tile  shiphnihlinK  Iraile  for  live  years,  lleeame  lo  I'li^i'l  Sonml  in  1X65  ami  enterecl  the  employ  ol  the  I'orl  Mailison  Mills, 
mill,  while  ill  their  service,  eoininaiiileil  the  l*h(iutom,  Ruhv,  ami  other  steamers.  Me  relireil  IVoni  the  water  ahoiit  ei^ht  years  a^o 
diiii  is  now  lisin^;  in  Seattle. 

'Capt.  Curtis  I).  Itrowtilielil  of  Seattle  was  horn  in  Missouri  in  iS^io  and  started  for  the  Northwest  wdien  hnt  a  hoy.  His  first 
iiiariiie  e\perience  in  tliis  region  was  on  the  schooner  S'/oiii'  in  iSftij,  and  since  lli.it  time  he  has  hceii  alninsl  ciiiitiniienisly  in  the 
'iiisiiiess.  lie  ran  the  steamer  i  'intirf  on  White  River,  on  wliiidi  iiaite  she  was  the  first  to  make  a  success,  .and  also  on  the  Nools.icki 
where  slu-  w.'is  Ihe  pioneer.  Cajitain  llrownliel'l  also  ojieialed  the  steamer  1  hn,i  on  Lake  I'liion,  and  al  dilfcrent  times  duriiif^  his 
liiieeroii  the  Sonml  has  heeii  coiineeted  with  the  sieaniers  /.  /.'.  //V.'.i.  (Ihlhilis.  Wniat,  Olt,i  .littlei,  'IV.isri .  I>,s/>,i/ili.  .\,i!ie, 
I  ily  >/  I  Uiiii,  r,  H'ii\hhii',liiii,  II',  /■'.  .l/uiiiti,-,  ami  inan\  others  When  the  1  )re>;oii  Railwav  \-  .N'.ivinatioii  Coin|iany  withdrew  from 
tile  S'liiiid,  he  purchased  the  ohl  lil.iho  and  alter  lilting  her  up  started  lier  out  ajjaiii  as  a  passenger  sie.imer,  Inil  soon  afterw.inl  sold 
Iter  lo  C.ipiain  llastin^'S.  A  short  time  rko  lie  seemed  the  steamer  /slaiiil  ISelli\  which  he  placed  on  the  route  from  Tacoiiia  lo 
Ili-Hiiieliaiii  Hay.  He  v.as  one  of  the  first  steamhoatmen  in  the  Nortliwesl  to  nnderlake  the  or^ani/atinii  of  a  liarlior  of  the 
llliilh.rliood  of  Pilots,  and  or>;.iiii/eil  Ilarhors  n  and  .•  (  al  I'oltlaml  .ind  .■\slori.i. 

'  file  steamer  A'.nc  was  hiiilt  at  Sitka  in  1SO2  liy  Ihe  Russian  ollicers  then  st.itioued  tlicre.  She  was  elirisleiied  llie  Haraiiojf 
.tiiil  uii.l.  r  that  name  pla\ed  cpiite  an  important  |iart  ill  the  closing  histoi\-  of  Russian  suprciiiac\'  in  tlie  land  of  the  midnight  sun. 
Ill  |S;[  he  w'as  pnndiased  hy  \lh-ii  l-'rancis.  Ilrilish  consul  at  \'ictoiia,  who  remodeled  her,  rcmoviii>^  the  sidewheels  and  titling  her 
Willi  .1  iii.ipeller.     She  was  named  Ihe  A',iw  .iinl  pi. iced  in  the  .Mask.i  fnr  trade,  which  she  followed  nntil  i.S;^,  Init,  Ihis  not  proving; 

,  she  was  transferred  to  the  Island  route  on  l'ii;;et    Sound,  carrying  Ihe  mail.     In  the  fall  of  iS;^  she  relumed  lo  Alaska 

ed  the  IrailiiiK  hnsiiiess,  coiiliniiiii^  with  the  .Maska  ( >il  ,V  Ciuaiio  Company  for  many  years. 

'  .ipt.  James  ("rain  w.as  one  of  the  pioneer  ii.avii^alors  on  Coos  Hay  and  the  rniiiipia,  K'^u'K  from  there  to  British  c'olnnihia, 
ran  Ihe  i'tinhot}  iitul  h''lv,  and  sever.il  other  ste.imers  on  l-Viiser  River  and   Ilrilish  Colnmhia  waters.     \\  the  lime  of  his 

~  dentil  in  iS7i  he  was  owner  of  the  sieamer  Etiiily  Umiis. 


|irnlil.i 
ami  ei. 


wlicre 
lllvslei 


Ml 


h 


\i 


1 1 


\(u 


I I'wis  (f  Uryilrn's  Mnriw  Unilaiy  i/f  tlm  l':ii.ili(,  N'liihwfst 


July,  aiid  ill  (•niiiiiiiiml  nf  C:i|it.iiii  lOskiiU'  wiiil  on  ihc  Al.i'^k.i  ruiitc.  Tlir  stcaincr  A/iDn/nnf,  luiilt  !i\  il|,. 
ti'lc^raiili  ri>in|>:iiiv  in  is'>'>,  w.l^  niiiiiiii).',  <>m  the  Immsci.  In  Iti  i  ciiilicr,  Ciijitiiiiis  (iiinliiici,  Titiciinli  iiml  |'.ii:i|.|i|,i 
wtTf  ii|)|i(iiiili'rl  pilots  liii  till-  |HirN  111  \'i(l()iiii,  I'Niiiiiniiill,  limiinirs  Iiilri  ,incl  N':iii,iiiiin.  'I'lic  l.illc  r  [khuI  Inni 
aU:iini'<l  considi  laMi  i:M|i(iilaiii  i  in  tlic  ((iniiuiiciiil  world  lliionuli  il-i  i(ial  slii|inifnK,  wliiili  iiinDinilrd  to  ;i,i-j 
Ions  dlllinn  till'  \c.ll.  Sinv;U-  larjjoi  s,  liowivrl,  could  not  li:ivc  lil'iMl  VflV  hciivv,  ii>>  tlio  iicohK  show  lll:it  llijs 
amount  was  taken  awa>  in  ten  ships,  six  harks,  two  lirin'*.  on<-  liundnMl  and  forly  six  stcaniors,  sixlv  ii({lii 
scliooncrs,  and   thiily  nine  sloops.     'I'llf  bri^  Kohitl  Ciiuaii,  llif  larnisl  vessel  yet  lonstrnctirl  in  tiii-colonv.  v,;^. 


launclii' 


al   Soi.kc,    li,  (.' 


S.i 


>ti'inl 


iliir   jiilli       Ilcr  dimensions  wen-:   lenntli. 


hundred  and  ten  ieet :  \n 


twenty-einiiL  k 


depth  III   hold,  nine  feel  six  inelies.     With  the  exception  ol  the  steamers  mentioned  ami 


lew 


small  schooners  on  the  Columbia,  this  was  the  oidy  building;  ivenl  of  any  imporlance  in  the  Northwi^st. 


'I'lie  Inn  (yiiis  /K/Z/vv  appeared  in  a  new  iMr  in  the  summer  of  i.Sdj.      In  charn''  of  Captain  (io\(    ami 


l';n^;inl■er  U'illi.inison    she  was  disp.ilched  to  Neah   Hay   to  <|iiell  a  <listiirliance  .inioUK  the  Indians,     A  Cl,i 


Imli.'in  had  been  killed  bv  one  of  the  Neah   Itav  tribe. 


when  the  a^eiil  arrested   the  murderer.  Ills  tribes 


imii 


forcibly  released  him.      A   messeiiHer  was  sent   to  .Sleilacoom, 


lieutenant,  surgeon  and  lliirly-two  privatis 


WLTC  sent  to  I'orl  (lamble  bv  the  /■.//..•(/  .  I iii/r 


At   this  point  they   bo,ir<le<l  the   (  ii 


IViiU- 


rr,  equipped  lii 


with  a  couple  of  liowit/.ers    ,iud  started  for  Neah  Ha\-,  arriviii)^  at  the   Indian 


al  cliylij-hl.     The  lienUiianl 


and   twenty  nuii   landed,  but  before  reaching  the  c.amp  a  kloorliuian  gave  the  ahirm,  and  the    Indians  lied   lo  the 
woods.     The   hdwitzeis  were   tr.imed   on   them,  ,'inil  several    were   wonndi-d.     These,    with   other  captives,    were 


convey 


ed   to  Tatoosli    Island,  where  wonl  was  seid  to  the  chief     Ho 


came    on 


board  with    about    sixty   ol    his    followeis,   and    the; 


)roin|itlv  made  iirisoners  in  the  lower  liolil. 


Til 


e  chiel   was  tnloiiiR' 


•"*«%^ 


that,  if  he  would  ^;ive  U|)  the  culprit  and  his  rescuers  and  promise  iidi 
to  molest  the  aHent,  they  would  be  rele.ised  .M'ter  some  parle\  in^  lit- 
consented,  and  in  about  two  hours  two  of  the  unilly  nan  and  a  brotlKr 


if  the  murderer  w<re  surremlerei 


Thev  weie   taken    to  Ste 


where  they  wore  a 


lall  and  chain   foi   several   months.     This 


I  111 


\l'<iHii' s  lirsl  and  oid\  experiem-e  as  a  uiau-of war. 

The  Heel  of  sailing  vessels  in  the  lumber  tradi-  to  the  S<iiiiiil 
and  K"'nK  'o  \'icloria  with  catno  was  incre.ised  by  several  neweomers, 
amonn  them  the  barks  .  lid  and  liv umtiiim  from  London,  the  ship 
(iiiiiiiiiiii :i  from  l,i\erpool,  /'niiisinii  fniin  New  /.e.aland,  '/'>iiiiili;iiii, 
.\/i(iii/ii/t;    .S/ii),   ami    ;i  nnmb<r   ol    others   from    China. 


The 


iiliii;: 


vessels  plying  co.istwise  earned 
.Sound  to  .San  l''rancisco  jind  15.; 


')".';'//./' 


feet  ol  lumber  from  I'lijjil 
feet  from  lh<-  Cnlnmbi;i   KIvct 


to  tin 


ne   port.      The   Tillamook   schooner  /.  ('.   (/hiw/udii  look  to 


Portland  .iinon^  other  car^o,  in  October,  sever.al  hnnihed  |ioiniils  (4 
beeswax  which  had  been  fonn<l  on  the  beach  near  the  .N'ehalem  KImi 
and  which  was  su|)|iosed  to  have  come  from  the  wreck  meiilinned  :is 
occnrriny;  about  177^      The  year  i'M>y  was  a  dis.istroiis  one  for  many 

life    was   liehl,  the 


of  tlh 
]iroiii 


lasting   Heel,  and,  Ihounh   Ihe  sacrifii' 


rtv  loss  was  cimsidera 


bk 


Anion 


K   the  more  |)romiiient 


wliiili  met  their  fate  was  Ihc  b;iik  dn/i/iii  (mfi-,  b^■loll^;in^;  to  tin- 
Klissian  Aiiieiicaii  Tele^;iaph  Compaii)  <  alight  in  the  ice  ami  crushed  near  the  mouth  ol  the  Anadyr  Uivei  llic 
vessel  becomiiif^  ;i  total  wreck,  thounii  the  crew  were  saved  Cajil.  I'anl  Coriio.  wh<i  was  nnfoilnnaU  eiioiijdi  1" 
lose  the  bark  liuliislry  in  i.Hfis,  met  with  another  se\ere  loss  in  [.S'1'1,  when  the  bark  //'.  />'   Siiiuilnii  w;is  wiei 


ki-(l 


on  the  same  spi 


I'ortlaiid  ui 


drifU 


t  where  the  liiiliisti  \-  strain 
111  M  iM  Ions  c)f  freinlit,  value 


11 


le  preceiliiiH  ye.ir. 


'Vhv  Si niiiliiii  WAS  III  loii/i  lidin  San   I'Vaiaisoi 


111  the  spil.  slrikinn  liea\il 


went  to  the  ies(  ne  with  .1 


lllelx 


>  al    iii:c 
id  Capt; 


il  Jjci.  i.Mu.i.  anil  in  .itteiiiptinn  to  sail  in  May  s'h  ihe  wind  fade 
:i«i.\.  M.     Capl.iin  Miinson.''  llii-  linlillioiise  keeper  at  Cape  1  la 


III 


ill  Corno's  u 


lie 


d    Miss  liiowii,  a   passenger,  were   taken 


e  crew  remained  on  board  uiilil  nielli,  when  they  were  all  rescued  and   tin-  bark  .ibandonei 


A  swell  CMiiu-  on 


The 

in  the  afternoon,  and  the  vessel  broke  11 
the  Portland  implement  dealers,  h.-id  Jv 
which   reached   shore  in  a   d.im.iKed'  coudilioii  were   about  all    thai  was  saved   from    the  valuable  carj;o.     'flic 


less  than  twenty  four  hours  after  she  struck       Knapp,  liiirrell  .V  C"., 
ry  aboard.     Two  or  lb     e  threshing  iiiai  hints 


Ml)  worth  of  faim  macliiue 


'C.i|il   J.  I).  .M 


iinsitii.  w 


)m>   III 


i-lll  llrailv  a  lllllil  111  a  ri-litiir\   in  Ille  ll^fhllmiisi'  hervirc  al  tile  llliill 


III  oltlii 


iihi 


Iiiilll  ill  New   S'olk    ill  l.Sj.Saiiil    fame  In  Sliiialwater  llav  ill   is,si|.  ill^.i^i iij.;   ill    llii-  lisliiii^  .iiit]  M\slcr  laisiiu-ss    liii  aluiul    (ivi    \cars, 
K'lillK   til  Aslinia  ill   lV,U,\,     Tile   ri)llii«illn  sear  llc'  liiiik  rllai  ^e  iil    Hie   linlltlliMisi- al    (.'a|ie  I  )isa|iijiiilil  lilelll,  where   lie  fdllllil    lli 'I   lln' 


iillly  means  iil*  saving  llle  ill  ease  <il  sllijiwiei-k  was  with  an  iilil  liiiat  wllii'h  llail  lieell  ne^li-eleil  until  il  was  atniiisl  iise-le 
assislalni-  nl  siiiiie    Xslmians  he  rrjiairiil  il,  anil  when  Ihe  Siiautttii  was  l<tsl  il  was  llle  itieans  nl'  saviii;.^  se\'eial  peii|»le 


\\  iih  I  he 
Al  liri  lime 


ol  the  aci  iili-nl  .Mnnsoll  lllanncil  Ihe  Imat  with  tVMi  ol  his  liehlhi 


assisianls,  two  men  lioni 


llle  ('. 


iveniineiil  tn^,  anil  two 


anil   was  Ihiis  t-nahli-il    in  n-si  III"   all    on    Iciar'i    ol    Ihe   bark,  who  wolllil    ollirrwise    lia\e  lllel    llle   fate  wlliill    Iielell    Ihc   llliro 


I'liint  .Xdatiis,  will 


■  he  1, 


lassiiue  reiiiaiiieil,     J.  1).  Mnnsiiti  is  the  latliei  ol   l''ri-il  Miiti.soi 


kiln 


ill  .Asloi  ia  ennitieer. 


iiiiite 


viiliins  111  llle  liiilu\li  1-  ilisaslei,  Winn  tlu-  hark  .  Inliili-il  was  wn-i  keil  al  I'oinl  ,\r|ains,  Mr.  Millison  savi-il  her  irew  willl  11  ^alia' 
lioal.  He  reniaim-il  in  i  Inline  al  Cape  I  Msap]iointnii-lll  fin  twel\t-  \eais  anil  then  wi-nl  lo  .Astoria,  where  he  Iilllll  the  ■  nm-r 
l\liit;iiil,  wliii  11  lie  ran  lor  three  years,     lie  solil  her  in  iSHo  ami  reliirneil  lo  Ihe  linhllioiise  serviee,  taking  1  liar^e  ol  llie  sin    "ii  m 


flif  Al:ifik:i  l'iir(.li:i;'-,  Ailvunl  ul  M:iiiy  I  iiic  Hlf.inurs  an  I'ik/cI  Saiiiiil 


»63 


Siriin' 


'  I  list  J.'i.iKiii  iiiiil  w.i'>  irisiiicd  liir  #1^.1111. 1.  Capliiiii  Cdimd  lind  iN|itiii|ii|  over  5'i,i»  h  i  in  ii|i;iiis  liclun- 
Iwiviiij;  'HI  l''iiiliii'>r(i  (III  his  l;ist  liip,  aiiil  llic  ilisiisliT  was  a  Ncriiius  one  loi  liiiii,  lollowiiiK  as  il  diil  so  (  Inscly 
iiiiiiii  III  ollici  niisliMliiiiis,  lit-  was  Diif  of  the  |iii>iici  rs  ill  llic  loastiiiH  sailiiu;  liiisiiiiss,  ami  with  llic  olil  liri^ 
.S«w("  //'/!,'<'/  had  iKiiiiiri'd  a  im)|ii|ii'1i'I|i'c  in  IIil- oarly  fiflii's,  liiit  Icll  ln-r  lonlimi  Ivist,  wliiTf  In-  hiiill  llie 
Imliisln  'Phis  disasti  I  and  his  iiii|irri|itahli>  experience  wiih  the  liij^  /w»/'A'W/  iiiade  serious  inroads  upon  hin 
wiallli  iiid  when  the  .Si/./w/c//  went  to  pieces  Cdrilo  hist  heart,  and.  althoiinli  lie  spent  many  years  operating;  in  a 
small  A  ' .  aliiiin  the  coast,  he  never  rc^aiiu'rl  his  rorlnne. 

Till-  Aiiieiicaii  liark  l.i r:ii-  /lii,i;,i;\.  Captain  'I'ownsenil,  lioiii  San  h'raiK  isco  lor  I'ort  Oiscoeery,  was  wrecked 
iii:ir  1.  i|'i-  Mattery  in  Sepleinhcr.  She  kit  San  JMancisco.  An^ust  (isl,  and  iiiiide  a  c|nick  run  up  the  coast  until 
iIjiiIiI  1'  n  miles  south  ol  the  (ape,  where  she  went  .ishore  dlliill).;  a  dense  lo^  and  was  knocked  to  pie(es  in  a  t'evv 
liuMi'  I'lie  crew  escaped  In  lioals  and  made  Iheii  way  to  Ne,di  Itav,  Irom  which  pl.n  c  llicv  were  tiiken  to 
Vietun.i  hy  llie  Hawaiian  hark  .li'H.  The  .American  ship  A/A/;  I'uslii ,  L'aplaiii  Anderson,  Ironi  Callao  lor 
rtsiil.idy,  was  wrecked  In  Neah  Hay  in  1  (ec cinlKr.  'I'lic  vessid  sighted  Cape  [''lattery  at  (>:imi  a.  \i  ,  Ihcinilier 
l\<^,  liMl  a  strong  east  wind  kept  h.r  from  making  any  headway  iiiilil  the  next  inorniii).;,  when  shi'  i  alight  a  lij^dlt 
iKiltlicasld  which  sent  ln-r  twenty  miles  up  the  Straits  hy  noon.  Here  she  encountered  ;i  hiinlc:iiie  from 
i;isl  soiilhcast  and  ran   lor  Neah  Kay,  anclinrin^  in  nine  lathonis  (jI  walcr  ;  Ijiit  hoth  aiK  hois  would  not  Imhl   her. 


111    she 


Ira^Kc 


to   the   reef,   stiikini 


I'   M    and   lie^iiininK    to  liieak    up  at 
The   erew    reached    slioK     in    tlie 


liftliiial 


11(1    on     tile     twenty  ninth     were 


ken  til   I'lirt  Townsend  li^    the  tiij;  I' 


III 

l|',l//7 


The 


sclioonci 


/I/c, 


,1A 


ill,- 


liuni    Wliidliv    Island    lor   \'iitoiia    with  a 


aiK" 


ice,   struck    a    rock 


tmia    hailior    in    l''elirnaiy    and    was    soon 
ikstroyed,   the   crew    reaching   shoie    in    .i 


lioal. 


The 


scllooiier    Wiis    \:\ 


lied 


:il  5i 


and   had   seventy  tons  ol    (  .11^0 


(if  which   was   lost. 


Tile   II 


Ilk 


Xdhiiiiil.idi; .  one  ol   the  first  vessels  ol   tl 


.S'lirllc 


stern    llii't,  met   an    iiiitimcK    end 


III  Drake's  Kay  ill  A|iiil.  She  was///  imi/i 
Iniiii  llniiilioldl  to  San  I'laiicisco  in  (din 
iii:ii>d  nl  Captain    Kiiiv;ht,  and  ran  into  the 


Il    shelter, 


lull 


iiicii 


lailei 


iiid     she    was    diiven 


liilal   li 


Th 


rapid  developiiieiit  ol  the  a^ri 
lul'.aral  resources  of  tile  Willametre  V'.illey. 
;iiii|  till-  aliseiice  of  railroads  or  other  means 
'li  iranspiii  lalioii  ixcepl  liy  river,  produced 
a  liirne  and  iirolitalile  Irallie  for  the  steiiiners, 
wliicli.  witli  the  exception  of  iiriel  intervals 


Ca|'I.\in   Ha 


iif  sliiirl  lived    o 


ipositlon,    were 


introilt 


ill. At  K'   lll.NI'. 

.1      K'^llWN    M.\S 


C.M'i.  I'.si-.rii  Williams 

(   AITAIN     WAI.KKH 


I. us    IN    SAII.IN'. 


I  Kit    SIX  I  ll'.S 


bv  thai  pioneer  monopoly  ol  the  upper  Willamette,  llie  I'eople's  Tiaiisporlalion  Conipanv  .  lor  main-  years. 
This  I  oiporalion,  wiiicii  had  expended  tlioiisands  ol  dollars  in  constructinji  the  li.-isin  at  Oievjon  City,  eiialilinK 
Uhiii  I'l  li.iiidle  frciniil  more  ciieapiy  .and  witii  greater  dispatch  tliaii  any  of  tiieir  comiietitors,  diseonraned  tlie 
iii:niKiiiatioii  of  any  serious  conipetitioii  as  loiiy;  as  they  held  the  key  to  the  situalion  on  the  upper  Willamette. 
.\n  dlurl  to  do  awiiy  with  this  monopoly  was  made  in  iso.s  by  the  Willamette  h'alls  Canal  iV  I.ocks  Companv. 
.111  iii;.'.ini/atloii    formed    lor   llie   purpose   of  linildiii)'  a  canal    and    locks   at   ( lunoii    Cilv,  In   ]ieriiiil   sleamers   to 


end  11 


'if  Ji,..,. 
iilficers 
City,  s 

'riiiiiiii 


le  liver  lidiii  I'ortlaii'    ii. 
ill  aid  of  the  iindi  rt.ik 


ilwaters  without  diHiculty.     'I'he  ( )reKoii  l.ej^islatuie  made  an 


appidpriation 


and  tile  company  started  wilii  a  capitalization  of  #.vi 


with  the  Id 


nvilif( 


K.  (icddsmilh  of  l'(  uland,  ;irLsi<ieiil  ;   J.  K.  Kelly  of  'i'he   Dalles,  vice  president  ;    S.  Huelat  of  Oregon 


Klary  ;    ().    lluiiiasoi,    of  'I'lic  Dalies,  Jose)ih   Teal   of   I'ortla 


J(din   I'.    .Miller  of  Salem. 


D.    1' 


of  Oregon  City,  dincKi.s  in  addition  to  the  ollicials  lirst  ineiitioned,  Wmk  was  commenced  ,it 
onre  aii'l  ;is  rapidlv  as  ])(issilile  conducted  to  a  successful  lermination.  The  prospei  Is  for  an  ap|iniachiiin  end  to 
IIrIm  •iMlrol  of  the  liver  li.id  no  a|ipaient  elfecl  on  the  I'eople's  'I'ransporlalion  l.'om])aiiy,  and  they  continued 
In  liiilM  new  sleameis  and   to  repair  the  old   ones,  adding;   to  their  Meet   llie   fine  steamers  .///'//« 1  and    /hiyhoi  \\\ 

isris. 
and  111 


The  steamer  .lllmtiy  was  a  sienuvheeler,  one  liundred  and   twenty-six  feet  ioiiK.  twenty  seven  feet  heam, 
feet  six  inclies  ileptli  of  hold,  with  eiit"iues  sixteen  liy  fifty  inelies.     .She  was  constructed   at  Canemah, 


I'l  J      I    .Miller  ami  George  .X.   I 'ease  were  her  first  captains.      .She  operated  on  the  iippi'i  Willamette  until 


r  I  * 


p,. 


w 

1 

1 

1       : 1 

\ 

'■ 

1 

> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


l^|Z8     |2.5 

f  ^  lli^ 

;f  lis  iiiiiio 


1.4 


11.6 


m 


0% 


/a 


7 


'/ 


/A 


ffiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y    14S80 

(716)872-4503 


;\ 


k 


\ 


•N? 


:\ 


\ 


4^>\ 


V 


4^ 


^ 


'K<i- 


Z 


C^ 


o^ 


% 


\ 


' 


164 


Lewit  (f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


most  of  the  time  in  command  of  Captains  George  Jerome  and  A.  Vickers,  the  latter  sinking  her  in  January,  1875, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Long  Tom,  where  she  was  abandoned  and  became  a  total  loss.  The  Daylon  was  l)iiitt  at 
Canemah  in  1868,  and  was  equipped  with  machinery  from  the  old  Rival.  Her  first  commander  was  J.  T.  Ap))erson. 
who  was  succeeded  by  George  Jerome,  L.  E.  Pratt  and  Joseph  Kellogg,  the  latter  securing  control  of  the  steamer 
after  the  Oregon  Steamship  Company  retired  from  business.  The  Dayton  was  one  hundred  and  seventeen  fe«t 
long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  six  inches  hold.     She  remained  in  active  service  until  about  1881. 

The  steamer  Success  was  launched  at  Canemah,  July  15,  1868.  Her  owners  were  Capt.  E.  \V.  BaiiKliman. 
D.  P.  Thompson  and  J.  Winston,  Baughman  owning  a  controlling  interest.  She  was  a  light-draft  boat,  hut  wa.s 
far  from  a  success  financially,  and  in  February,  1869,  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  People's  Transportation 
Company,  who  continued  her  on  the  upper  Willamette,  in  command  of  Captains  John  W.  Cochrane,  deorge 
Jerome  and  James  Wilson.'^  Her  last  work  on  the  river  was  in  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Steamship  Coin|..  ly  a 
short  time  before  that  corporation  went  out  of  existence.  She  was  at  this  time  in  charge  of  Capt.  Dan  Tacknberr}'. 
Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet ;  beam,  twenty-five  feel ;  depth  of  hold,  four  feet; 
with  engines  sixteen  by  forty-eight  inches.  The  little  steamer  Lewislon,  which  was  brought  down  from  Snake 
River,  was  taken  over  the  falls  through  the  basin  and  operated  on  the  upper  Willamette,  where  she  was  renamed 
the  Ann,  running  from  Albany  to  Eugene  in  conjunction  with  the  Success.  Below  Oregon  City  the  new  line 
connected  for  a  short  time  with  the  Wenat.  which  made  her  first  appearance  this  year.  She  was  a  diminutive 
sternwheeler,  equipped  with  the  machinery  from  the  old  steamer  Cowlitz.  On  complet.on  she  was  operated  on  the 
Cowlitz  in  charge  of  Capt.  A.  Boone,  but  after  a  short  time  was  sold  by  the  sheriff  to  Capt.  Joseph  Kellogg  for 
$3,000,  and  in  May,  1869,  was  put  back  on  the  Monticello  route,  carrying  pa.ssengers  from  Portland  for  fifty  cents 
and  freight  for  one  dollar  per  ton.  Capt.  J.  N.  Fisher  succeeded  Boone  as  master,  and  in  1K70  Capt.  W.  H.  Smith 
took  command  and  ran  her  for  several  years.  In  1874  Captain  Kellogg  operated  her  on  the  Columbia  as  far  as 
the  Sandy,  but  her  owners  received  a  good  offer  and  sold  her  in  1870  to  Capt.  J.  C.  Brittain  of  Seattle,  whu  took 
her  around  in  safety  the  same  year  and  used  her  in  the  White  River  trade.  She  was  also  engaged  in  towing 
barges  for  the  Seattle  Coal  Company.  Her  last  service  was  on  the  Skagit  route  in  1878.  During  the  few  years 
spent  on  the  Sound  she  was  sunk  four  times.  The  la.st  accident  occurred  in  March,  1878,  and  was  of  such  a 
serious  nature  that  she  was  never  repaired,  but  was  disposed  of  for  $1,700  to  J.  H.  Moss,  who  removed  the  engines 
and  placed  them  in  another  steamer.  The  Wenat  was  seventy-six  feet  long,  seventeen  feet  six  inches  beam, 
three  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  eight  and  one-quarter  by  thirty-six  inches. 

Communication  by  steamer  was  opened  in  May,  1868,  between  Astoria  and  Ilwaco  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia,  the  U.  S.  Grant  having  been  the  pioneer  on  the  route,  which  is  now  .so  well  known  to  the  thousands 
of  "  seasiders  "  who  Aait  the  ocean-beach  resorts  north  of  the  Columbia.  The  steamer  was  owned  and  operated 
by  Capt.  J.  H.  D.  Gray,  formerly  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  and,  while  she  did 
not  carry  so  many  passengers  as  some  of  her  successors,  she  was  a  great  convenience  to  the  residents  of  that 
isolated  section.  The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  undisturbed  on  the  Columbia  during  1868,  and  no 
new  steamers  appeared  on  that  stream  al)ove  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette.  The  Okanogan  ran  to  Astoria,  .iiul  the 
Rescue  was  on  the  Cowlitz  route.  The  Fannie  Troup,  Captain  Turnbull,  was  running  to  \'ancouver  willi  no 
opposition. 

The  traffic  between  Portland,  Victoria  and  Puget  Sound  ports  had  l)ecoine  of  sufficient  importance  to 
warrant  a  regular  steamer,  and  in  1868  Jacob  Kamm  purchased  the  steamship  George  S.  Wright  and  started  her 
in  what  proved  a  very  profitable  trade.  Up  to  this  time  the  business  had  been  handled  by  the  steamships  of  the 
-HoUaday  line  on  their  trips  to  the  Sound  by  way  of  the  Columbia  River,  and  when  Kanim's  plans  Ivcame  known 
the  Holladay  people  promptly  dispatched  the  Active  on  the  .same  mission,  both  steamers  remaining  on  this  and 
the  Alaska  route  for  .several  years.  Navigation  of  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  was  practically  sus|H;nded 
for  the  first  two  months  of  1868,  and  for  a  period  of  fifty-one  days  no  deep-water  steamers  were  able  t<i  reach 
Portland  on  account  of  the  heavy  ice,  although  for  a  good  portion  of  the  time  they  could  go  up  as  far  as  Catlilamet 
and  Oak  Point  without  much  difficulty.  The  ocean  steamships  on  the  Northern  routes  in  186H  were  :  the  •//uv, 
California,  Continental,  Oriflamme,  Del  Norte,  Pacific  a.\\A  John  L.  Stephens,  the  latter  vessel  going  to  Alaska  Mveral 
times  with  troops  and  Government  supplies.  The  steamer  Constanline,  which  had  l)een  registered  uiukr  the 
American  flag,  also  made  a  few  trips  between  \'ictoria  and  San  Francisco.  The  United  States  surveying  steamer 
Katie,  in  charge  of  Captain  Bean,  spent  .some  weeks  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River  surveying  and  Icxating 
buoys  and  afterward  went  to  Puget  Sound.      The  steamer  Neiv  World,  which  had  been  expected  to  break  \\\>  the 

'^  Capt.  James  Wilson  was  l)orn  in  France  in  1827,  and  arrived  at  rortland  in  1852  on  the  scliooner  Emhoiis,  and  with  Capt. 
John  Wolfe,  who  came  on  the  same  vessel,  went  as  deckhand  on  the  steaaier  Multnomah,  Captain  I'auntleroy,  for  eighteen  iiiuiithi. 
Captain  Wilson  then  visited  the  mines,  and  after  returning  was  on  the  steamer  Portland,  remaining  there  for  three  or  foin  yean. 
ana  then  going  to  the  upper  Columbia  on  the  steamers  Mary  and  Hassato,  where  he  worked  until  iH<s9,  at  wliich  time  he  ^  illed  a 
schooner  between  the  Cascades  and  The  IJilles  for  aliout  six  months.  He  then  went  to  Celilo  and  ran  as  fireman  on  the  'Hanitr 
Colonel  Wright,  Capt.  Uen  White,  and  afterward,  until  August,  1S60,  was  with  Captain  McNulty  on  the  middle  river,  leavip  ■  there 
for  the  steamer  Onward,  on  the  upper  Willamette,  with  Capt.  George  Pease.  After  firing  on  the  .Surprise,  Kfliej  <ui<\  other 
steamers  for  about  three  years,  he  joined  the  .fifi/cr^riV,  serving  as  mate  and  pilot  for  six  yep.rs.  In  1870  he  was  sncces> ;^ely  in 
command  of  the  steamers  A'W(a«r^,  A'cAo,  .¥«rf«j,  Albany  and  Alice.  When  the  People's  Transportation  Company  solil  .mt,  he 
entered  Holladay's  employ,  continuing  with  him  and  his  succes.sors  until  1889,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  in  |8H,V  v.licn  he 
was  master  of  a  construction  steamer  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  on  the  Fraser  River.  He  is  at  present  In  iiif!" 
Clackamas,  Or. 


The  Alaska  Purchase,  Advent  of  Many  Fine  Steantera  on  Puget  Sound 


165 


monupoh'  of  the  Eiha  Anderson  on  the  Sound,  this  year  followed  in  the  wake  of  h(:r  predecessors  and  was  bought 
in  by  till'  owners  of  the  Anderson  and  sent  to  San  Francisco  in  command  of  Capt.  Leon  Smith,  taking  with  her 
as  cari<i)  the  equipments  and  machinery  saved  from  the  wreck  of  the  United  States  steamer  Suwannee.  Two  other 
well  known  steamers  left  British  Columbia  waters  for  San  Francisco,  the  telegraph  company's  Mumford,  which 
bad  spent  the  preceding  year  on  the  Fraser,  going  down  in  June  in  tow  of  the  steamship  California,  and  the 
famous  Diana  leaving  in  October  in  charge  of  Capt.  Leon  Smith.  Puget  Sound's  pioneer  tugboat,  the  Resolute,  went 
skyward  in  a  terrible  explosion  in  August,  six  people  losing  their  lives.     Her  place  was  filled  by  the  arrival  of  the 

tug  Merrimac  from  San  Francisco  and  the  completion  of  the  fine  new 
tug  Favorite  at  Utsalady  in  October,  the  latter  vessel  being  still  afloat 
and  in  good  order.  Another  fine  tugboat,  the  Escort,  was  launched  at 
Coos  Bay  and  proceeded  to  San  Francisco  under  sail  to  be  fitted  with 
machinery.  In  British  Columbia  the  lake  steamer  Prince  of  Wales  was 
dismantled  to  furnish  power  for  the  new  Victoria,  under  construction  at 
Quesnelmouth  to  run  l>etween  that  place  and  Big  Bar  on  the  upper 
Fraser.  On  Kamloops  Lake,  Capt.  August  Menenteau  was  running  the 
steamer  Kamloops,  a  small  sternwheeler  of  which  he  was  master, 
engineer  and  most  of  the  crew,  spending  the  greater  part  of  the  time 
in  the  engine-room  and  steering  the  boat  with  lines  leading  up  to  the 
pilot-house. 

A  new  contract  was  made  in  September  between  the  Crown 
Colony  and  the  California,  Oregon  &  Mexico  Steamship  Company,  by 
which  the  latter  was  to  receive  a  subsidy  of  $1,000  per  month  for  the 
mail  and  was  to  run  one  monthly  steamship  direct  between  San  Fran- 
ci.sco  and  V^ictoria  and  two  by  way  of  Portland,  with  additional  steamers 
if  the  trade  demanded  them,  the  passenger  rates  to  be :  cabin,  $40 ; 
steerage,  $15.  The  California.  Oregon  &  Mexico  Steamship  Company 
was  a  power  in  the  land  at  this  period  and  had  control  of  the  postal 
contracts  on  nearly  every  coast  route  of  importance  between  Mexico 
and  Alaska.  In  consideration  of  valuable  conce.ssions,  the  steamship 
company  made  the  Mexican  Government  a  present  of  the  old  steamship 
Panama,  completely  fitted  out  for  a  revenue  and  transport  steamer,  and 
the  Mexicans  put  her  in  commission  on  the  west  coast  under  the  name  Juarez.  The  lieaver.  now  past  her 
thirty-second  birthday,  was  in  the  service  of  the  Government  surveying  in  the  North,  Capt.  George  Marchant,"  in 
after  years  the  last  master  of  the  old  craft,  l)eing  one  of  the  crew.  The  abandonment  of  the  Ru.ssian-Ainerican 
telegraph  project  withdrew  from  Northwestern  waters  several  vessels  which  had  been  there  for  the  past  three 
years  in  connection  with  that  scheme,  and  in  the  fall  the  ships  F.gmont  and  Nightingale 
took  alioard  all  of  the  material  and  sailed  from  Victoria  for  New  York. 

The  coasting  fleet  during  1868  was  so  much  larger  than  that  of  any  previous 
year,  that  a  complete  list  of  those  l>e.st  known  in  this  trade  is  herewith  given,  with 
tiaiiies  of  masters  :  to  Puget  Sound,  ships  David  Hoadley.  Italch  ;  Nicholas  liiddle, 
.\rey  ;  .  Iiireola.  Rcss  ;  fohn  I..  Dimick,  Winchell ;  IUi:abeth  Kimball,  Hunker  ;  Ihlois, 
Nickels;  Mary  t, lover.  Miller;  Samoset,  Greenlief;  Marmion,  Boyd;  John  Jay, 
Hughes;  /( V«(,W  .'/r/o«',  Sands ;  C"oytt/;;i*<»,  Stevens  ;  Atalanta,  Barnes;  barks  Cold- 
huHler.  Fanihara  ;  .Milan,  Snow  ;  Jenny  Pitis,  White  ;  Rival,  Revell  ;  Chasca,  Smith  ; 
Iconium,  Mulgrove  ;  General  Cobb.  Spear  :  Christopher  .Mitchell,  I'aul.scn  ;  Florence, 
Coley :  .hchilcci,  Thomp.son  :  Scotland,  Alexander;  Afoncynick.  Marshall;  l.conorc. 
Ford ;  .Adelaide  Cooper,  Bean ;  Ocean  Spray,  Met/.ger ;  .'ifary.  Hanson  ;  Vidctte, 
Merritt ;  Dclau'are,  Siiillal)er ;  Onward.  Kiiniey :  Fremont,  McLellan  ;  (ilimpse. 
Bums  ;  Gem  of  the  Ocean.  Mitchell  ;  Caroline  Read,  Hinds  ;  /.egal  Tender,  Wiley  ; 
Oakland,  Hatchelder  ;  Revere,  Mclntyre  ;"    Vernon.   Keller  ;  Carlotta,  Black  ;    Oakhill. 


CaI'T,  Ckohuk  Makciiant 


Capt.  Jauks  MiiIntyrii 


"Capt.  Cieor^e  Marcliaiit  was  liorii  in  Cnriiwall,  HnRland,  in  1845,  and,  its  soon  as  lie  Iw-inie  (M  enoii);li  to  >;(>  tu  sen,  lie^an 
sailiii);  out  of  Knglish  ports  on  deep-water  ships  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  lie  arrived  in  Ilritish  Coliiniliia  in  1867  and  found 
employment  on  a  vessel  which,  in  that  comparatively  early  day,  was  tenneil  the  o/it  steamer  Heaver.  The  pioneer  craft  was  at  tlial 
lime  en^.iKed  in  the  ({eodctic  service,  for  which  purpose  she  was  under  charter  to  the  British  Ciovernment.  Mnrchant  remained 
with  the  lieaver  until  1871,  then  enKa)(e>l  in  mining  for  a  year,  and.  on  returning  to  the  marine  Imsiness,  took  coininaiid  of  the 
Vnim,  ineiilioii  of  which  is  made  elsewhere.  After  leaviiiK  this  peculiar  steamer,  he  SKain  joined  the  lieaver,  runniiiE  with  her  at 
ililTereiii  times  for  over  twenty  years,  and  buviiiK  his  name  inseparably  connecte<l  with  this  vessel  of  world-wide  fame  tnrouKh  licin|{ 
the  last  mail  in  command.  Since  the  loss  of  the  Heaver,  Captain  Marchant  lia.s  !>een  einploye<l  on  several  small  steamers  ruiininK 
out  of  Victoria. 

Cam.  James  Mclntyre,  born  in  S.'oiland  in  iSji,  arrived  in  Victoria  in  1854  as  second  officer  of  the  Kast  India  ship  Marquis 
0/ Hulf.  miller  charter  to  the  Itndson's  Baf  Company.  He  left  the  snip  at  this  point  and  went  to  San  Francisco,  and  from  there  to 
the  ,Soii,  1 V  Islands,  where  he  traded  for  a  iiumlier  of  years.  He  returiieil  to  San  I'raiicisco  in  1858,  an<l,  a  year  later,  look  command 
of  the  i.irk  ./»«  hirry,  owned  by  Capt.  OeorKc  Chase.  On  this  vessel  and  tlie  .Massachuu-tis  he  remained  until  1866,  leaving 
Captain  Chase's  employ  to  take  the  ship  Revere,  which  he  saiteil  for  nearly  twenty  years.  He  went  from  her  to  the  ship  h'iiliara 
lll.,vi\v.A\  he  comii.anded  for  six  years,  and  took  charge  of  the  steamer  Cui/a  Kica  in  the  Nanaimo  coal  trade  about  six  years 
>Ko,  an. I  i^  still  in  that  »»rvice. 


If 


:  1 


I'  i 

"A 


m 

1 

I 


\ 


I: 


IP : 


1'  It 


!'!'  :Wi 


'rl't. 


i    ! 


: 


1 66 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Capt.  Pkank  w.  Cattbk 


Gove  ;  P.  M.  Halt,  Reynolds  ;  Sampson,  Howe  ;  IV.  .4.  Hanks,  Nickels  ;  Brontes,  Van  Name  ;  barkentims  F'te 
Trade,  Buddington  ; /««<■  A.  Falkenberg,  Gregg;  Grate  Roberts,  Glidden  ;  Victor,  Greenlief;  W.  H.  Cauuy, 
Boyd  ;  Emma  Augusta,  Higgins  ;  brigs  /.  R.  Lunt,  Stoddart ;  Orient,  Leiinan ;  Tanner,  McCarty  ;  T.  \V.  Lucas, 
Friend ;  Moneta,  Bursley ;  Crimea,  Lassen  ;  Hidalgo,  McAltep ;  schooners  Parallel,  Johnson  ;  Forest  King, 
Ackley  ;  A.  P.  Jordan,  Higgins.  A  few  of  these  vessels  carried  occasional  cargoes  of  coal  from  Bellitighaiii  Bay. 
and  the  following  made  several  trips  in  the  trade  between  the  Bay  and  San  Francisco :  barks  Amethyst,  Swtnson; 

Nestor,  Bearse  ;  Torrent,  Carleton  ;  Camden,  Mitchell  ;  and  k'lilosoff, 
Robinson.  In  the  Nanaimo  coal  traffic  were  the  ships  HI  Dorado, 
Plumme ;  Isaac  Jeans,  Boyling ;  Grace  Darling,  Gibbs ;  I'lviny, 
Arthur ;  Dublin,  Bievin  ;  Shooting  Star,  Peck  ;  Plying  Eagle,  Hayes. 
The  brigs  Commodore,  Robertson,  and  Orient,  and  the  bark  Videtit, 
Captain  Gatter,"  carried  several  lumber  cargoes  from  the  Moody  ville 
Milts.  Some  of  the  above  mentioned  made  occasional  voya^^es  to 
Coos  Bay  and  the  Umpqua,  and  in  addition  the  following  were  in 
the  coal  and  lumber  business :  barks  Narramissic,  Allen  ;  Charin 
Devens,  Gilman  ;  brigs  Hugh  Barclay,  Pray  ;  Francisco,  Greene ; 
Koloa,  Williams ;  Advance,  Berry  ;  Kentucky,  Eiliston ;  Lucy  Ann. 
Chester;"  Admiral,  Newbury;  Sheet  Anchor,  Butler;'"  Perpctua. 
Thornquist ;  Mary  A.  Read,  Johnson  ;  Monitor,  Frost ;  .Irago. 
McAllep ;"  barkentine  Melancthon,  Patterson  ;  schooners  Legal 
Tender,  Hardwick  ;  Cora,  Knacke :  Drendnaught,  Perriraan  ;  Hunk- 
alalion.  Morri.son  ;  John  Bright,  Swain;  B.  H.  Ramsdell,  Tiifls; 
Louisa  Morrison,  Hewlett ;  Enterprise,  Camnian.  To  the  I'liipqqa, 
bark  Sam  Merritt,  Trask  ;  schooners  /(■'.  F.  Bowne,  Hughes  ;  Pacific, 
Gage ;  Bobolink,  Hughes  ;  Enterprise  and  Alaska.  The  schooners 
running  between  San  Francisco  and  Shoalwater  Bay  were  engaged 
mostly  in  the  oyster  traffic,  and  the  best  known  vessels  were  the 
.Sarah  Louise,  Jones  ;  Potter,  Jones ;  Ada  May,  Anderson ;'"  Leah, 
Foster  ;  .Inn  Eliza,  Winant ;''  and  John  and  Samuel,  Bowden.  Tlie 
Ann  Eliza,  and  the  Mist,  Captain  Hoxie,  also  made  a  few  trips  to 
Yaquina.  No  coal  and  but  little  lumber  being  shipped  from  the  Columbia,  sailing  coasters  seldom  visited  the 
river,  and  the  few  vessels  engaged  in  the  trade  wtro  dependent  principally  on  the  inward  freight,  which  in  those 

"Capt.  Frank  W.  Gatler  was  l>orn  in  New  York  in  1843,  when  (|uite  young  went  to  sea  on  a  packet-ship  sailing  lietween  New 
York  and  Liverpool,  in  which  service  he  remained  for  four  years,  and  then  went  as  mate  on  a  hark  running  to  the  La  Plata.  In  18J9 
he  came  to  California  on  the  ship  Good  Hope,  which  subse(|uently  went  to  Calcutta,  where  the  vessel  took  a  cargo  of  coolies  to  the 
coflee  plantations,  sailing  thence  to  Savannah,  Oa.,  where  she  arrived  a  few  days  before  Sumter  was  fired  upon,  receiving 
twenty-four  hours'  notice  to  leave  or  be  confiscated.  Captain  Gatter  was  offered  a  position  on  the  Confederate  cruiser  Petrel,  which 
was  afterward  sunk  by  the  frigate  St.  /.aicirnee,  but  refused  to  serve  under  that  flag,  went  to  New  York  and  enlisted  in  the  I'liited 
States  Navy  on  the  frigate  Roanoke.  After  the  battle  between  the  .Merriiuac  a\M  Monitor,  tUe  A'i)i»«()*<' joined  the  Mississippi 
squadron,  and  Gatter  went  through  from  Fort  Henry  to  Uouelson  and  Vicksburg.  In  1863  he  was  discharged,  alter  a  iiieilical 
examination,  and  in  1864  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  he  has  since  remained.  In  1869  he  l)egan  commanding  vessels  engaged 
in  the  coasting  trade,  the  old  bark  O'/imfise  and  the  /  'iV/>7/t'lieing  the  best  known  of  the  sailing  craK  of  which  he  had  charge.  When 
the  Northern  Pacific  Steamship  Company  commenced  operations  on  the  Sound,  Captain  Gatter  was  appointed  Sound  pilot  fur  their 
steal'  .ships,  and  has  since  lielil  that  position.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Brotherhood  of  American  Pilots,  and  was  First  I'ilot  of 
Har  or  No.  16. 

"  Capt.  Martin  F.  Chester  was  born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1846  and  went  to  sea  in  lx>yhood.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  lie  met 
with  a  rough  experience,  being  the  only  survivor  of  a  schooner  crew  of  nine  men  wrecked  in  the  Hay  of  Hiscay.  Young  Cliesler 
floated  all  night  on  the  bottom  of  a  boat,  but  was  picked  up  the  next  day  and  landed  at  Madeira,  whence  he  was  .sent  to  Liverpool 
by  the  British  consul.  His  first  work  after  his  arrival  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was  on  the  old  bark  Chrislopher  .Mitchell.  He  cciilinueil 
sailing  North  in  subordinate  capacities  until  1867,  when  he  was  put  in  command  of  the  brig  Lticy  .-Inn,  from  San  Fraiuisto  to 
Humboldt.  He  was  next  on  the  schooner  .llida  and  the  brig  S/iee/ .//  ./lor,  v\  the  Coos  Bay  coal  trade,  going  from  there  to  the 
schooner  Superior,  riiuing  lietween  San  Francisco  and  the  Columbia  River,  anil  next  to  the  .schooner  ./.  P.  Jordan,  from  Huiiiboldt 
to  southern  iiorts.  For  a  short  time  he  was  on  the  Ellipse,  nt  that  period  the  largest  sclio<iner  on  the  Coast,  and  s.ibse(|uemly  took 
the  bark/.  W.  .Seiiver  for  11  few  trips,  eventually  returning  to  the  /ielipse,  where  he  remaineil  for  nine  years.  He  left  this  coniiimiid 
to  build  the  schooner  l/aleyon,  which  he  disposed  of  and  retired.  Ihrec  years  later  he  embarked  again  and  served  on  cdiislitg 
steam  vessels  most  of  the  time  as  first  officer,  except  for  a  period  of  two  years  as  master  of  the  steamer  Lakme.  Captain  Chester 
holds  first-class  licenses  on  Puget  Sound  from  Taconia  to  the  sea,  and  on  Gray's  Harbor  and  coastwise  to  Alaska.  He  is  at  present 
living  at  San  Francisco. 

"Capt.  C.  H.  Butler  was  liorn  in  Maine  in  1841.  He  began  \\\.,  seagoing  career  when  quite  young,  and  spent  fifteen  years 
on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  mostly  in  the  Ruro|>ean  anil  West  India  trade  as  mate.  In  1867  he  went  to  the  Pacific  anil  served  lituveeii 
San  Francisco  and  Coos  Bay  as  master  of  the  brig  .Sheet  Anclior.  He  was  alterward  connected  with  the  brig  Arago,  scluiouer 
(Sotaina,  in  which  vessel  he  was  part  owner,  and  the  steamers  Hastporl,  Umpire,  and  (iussie  Tel/ai':  When  the  latter  was  lost  in 
1880  he  retired  to  a  farm  for  a  year,  and  then  went  to  San  Francisco  and  built  the  schooner  Heulah.  He  subsequently  reliiriicd  to 
the  Umpire,  running  north  from  San  I''rancisco  to  British  Columbia  ports,  the  SoiiiiJ.  Columbia  River,  and  Coos  Bay.  In  1^-91  h< 
built  the  steamer  Homer  at  Co<|uille,  Or.,  and  ran  her  for  a  year.     He  then  aliandoned  the  water  and  is  now  living  at  Arago.  ( >r. 

'"Capt.  William  J.  McAllep,  of  the  schooner  Corona,  was  born  in  Luliec,  Me.,  came  to  the  Northwest  in  1864,  iiiil  has 
been  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  since  that  time,  his  first  schooner  lieiiig  the  dolden  State.  From  her  he  went  as  mate  pf  the 
bark  Ork,  and  two  years  later  took  couiniand  of  the  bri^  .Irago.  Since  then  he  has  lieeii  master  of  the  following  vr>sels: 
barkentine  Of<i'dfe»i/,'wliicli  was  lost  on  Coos  Bay,  barkentine  Melanelhon,  schooners  Enterprise,  Sparrow,  Trustee,  and  <  ''i>iiii, 
owning  an  interest  in  the  latter.  Captain  McAllep  has  lieen  in  the  employ  of  A.  M.  Simpson  for  twenty-two  and  of  Hall  Hi  ithen 
for  eleven  years. 

"Capt.  Caspar  H.  Anderson  of  San  Francisco  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1844,  and  commenced  his  marine  service  in  l.'^-'i  as  a 
\x>y  on  the  topsail  schooner  llygeia,  reaching  the  United  Stales  in  1861,  and  after  a  couple  of  trips  to  the  West  Indies  canu  :u  the 


The  Alaaka  Purchase,  Advent  of  Many  Fine  Steamers  on  Puget  Sound 


167 


days  «.i^  not  handled  as  cheaply  by  the  steamers  as  at  present.     The  fleet  running  into  the  Cohimbia  included 

the  barks  Zephyr,  Trask  ;   Helen  W.  Almy,  Freeman;    Almalia,  Richardson;   /.w  K«//Xvr,  Wiggin  ;   Occident. 

Simpsdii ;   Whistler,  Fuller ;  Rainier,  Hayden  ;  and  the  brigs  Brewster,  Corno,  and  iXortli  Star,  Crowell.     Other 

sailing  \'c'ssels  niade  occasional  voyages  there,  but  the  business  in  this  line  was  small  compared  to  that  of  Puget 

Souml,  which  had  over  thirty  vessels  enrolled  in  that  district  and  thirty-nine  others  making  regular  trips.     This 

large  floet,  together  with  nearly  as  great  a  number  of  ships  coming  from  foreign  ports  for  lumber,  niade  business 

good  for  towboats  and  pilots  wherever  these  modern  necessities  could 

be  fouiul,  and   a  bill   pas.sed   the  Washington   Legi.slature  for  the 

.-ippoiiitment  of  a   board   and  the   e.stablishment  of  a   regular  pilot 

ser\'ict.     The  \'ictoria  men  built  a  stanch  new  schooner  for  their  use 

ill  bo'jrdiiig  inbound  .ships,  and,  with  the  presence  of  several  tugboats 

on  botli  sides  of  the  line,  shipping  was  well  attended  to.     The  Colum- 
bia RiviT  cleared  its  first  grain  vessel  in  1S68,  the  //eien  Angier, 

having  been  the  pioneer  in  this  trade  destined  in  after  years  to  be  the 

means  uf  disbursing  millions  of  dollars  among  tugs,  rilots  and  the 

pur\-eyors  of  marine  supplies.     The  most  important  arrival  of  the 

year  at  Portland  was  that  of  the  bark  Sallic  Brown  from  New  York, 

the  pioneer  in  a  new  line  established  by  A.  S.  Mercer,  who  had  made 

himself  famous  by  bringing  a  cargo  of  women  from  the  Fast  a  few 

years  before.     It  had  been  five   years  since  any  sailing  vessel  had 

arrived  at  Portland  direct  from  New  York,  and  the  Sallic  Brown  was 

accorded  a  hearty  welcome.     She  was  one  hundred  and  seventy  days 

on  the  voyage,  and  on  arrival  was  loaded  with  flour  and  wheat  and 

started  back  to  the  port  from  whence  she  came.     Another  noteworthy 

arrival  of  (juestionable  value  to  the  country  was  that  of  the  French 

ship  Joiuie  Alice,  which  reached  Portland  from  Hongkong  with  four 

hundred  and  thirty  Chin    -  passengers,  the  first  shipload  ever  brought 

direct  to  the   Northwest,  but   unfortunately  not  the  last.     Several 

pretentious  sailing  vessels  were  set  afloat  in  1868,  it  having  become  a 

generally  accepted  fact  that  this  portion  of  the  country  could  furnish 

the  material  for  almost  any  kind  of  a  marine  craft.  From  Coos  Bay  the 
barkeiitine  Mclancthon,  built  at  that  point  in  1867,  made  her  maiden  trip  to 
San  Franci.sco  in  command  of  Captain  I'attersoti,  who  is  still  sailing  up  and 
down  the  coast.  At  Port  Orchi.;d  the  barkeiitine  Grace  Roberts.  269  tons  net 
Bi         ^^^^^  \  register,  was  con.structed  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $,^0,000,  and  at  Port  Madison  the 

^^^^^^^         \  .schooner  lUida,  of  179  tons  register,  w<is  launched  in  the  fall  for  her  master, 

^H|[^^^^V  Uloff  Mattson.     A  schooner  of  135  tons  register,  named  the  Favorite,  was  built 

"T^  ^^H^^^^  "'  Sooke,  B.  C,  for  Captain  McKay,  and  the  small  schooner  Bimkalalion  was 

^"       <^V^^  added  to  the  fleet   turned  out   at  the  yards  on   Coos   Bay.      At  X'ancouver, 

jB^Jkj'  ▼  Wash.,  a  hundred-ton  .schooner  was  completed  for  James  Crawford  and  J    C. 

Durgiii.  but  was  used  mostly  on  the  river  for  carrying  wood  and  Goveriiinent 
supplies  to  Fort  Canity.  Barratry  cases  were  not  of  fie<iuent  occurrence  in  the 
Northwest,  and  their  rarity  made  them  all  the  more  conspicuous  when  brought 
to  public  notice.  One  of  the  most  notal)le  on  record  was  that  of  the  .schooner 
.v.  .S'.  Bailey,  which  sailed  from  San  Franci.sco  for  Victoria  in  the  .spring  and 
M.as  not  heard  of  for  many  months.  .Vfter  waiting  nearly  a  year  without 
tidings  of  the  ves.sel,  the  insurance  was  paid.  Shortly  afterward  a  report 
re.iched  California  that  the  schooner  had  been  seen  at  a  New  Zealand  port. 
An  investigation  followed,  which  resulted  in  the  cai)tuie  of  Captain  Kobbins, 
who  had   left  San  Francisco  in  command  of  the  .schooner.     He  was  found  in 

.Melbourne,  and,  after  being  jailed,  told  the  whole  .story.     Prior  to  leaving  San  Francisco  he  had  arranged  with  a 

commission  man  named  Rinehart  to  parll)  load  the  vessel  with  stone  and  rubbish,  and  then  take  in  a  showing  of 


CaPT.   CAhl'AK    H.   ANDEKSll.N 


\ 


0 


^-^^ 


CaI'TAIN    I'ATTKKSON 


n 


■\m. 


H;i. 


Pacific'  Coast  in  I.S62.  He  was  mate  oil  coasting  vessels  for  several  years,  and  in  1S69  was  appoinle<l  master  of  the  scliooner./i/a  Afin: 
I'rom  lur  lie  went  to  tile  scliooner  Afttllhch'  Tiiinei.  which  he  sttileil  for  ei^ht  years,  most  of  the  lime  in  the  .Maska  Iraile.  lie  has 
since  linl  command  of  the  steamers  Kiirluik,  .SI.  /'dill,  Biiilin  and  I'liiffie.sii.  lie  was  on  the  Heillia  for  live  years,  anil  has  had 
cliarKf  III  the  laltcr  for  two  years. 

"  \V.  I).  Winant.  mate,  was  horn  in  New  York  City  in  1850.  Ills  first  marine  experience  on  this  Coast  was  on  the  schooner 
Anna  I'lizii.  sailinK  ln'tween  San  Francisco  ami  Yat|uina  Hay.  He  left  her  in  1.S67  lo  v;o  on  the  schooner  Loiiisa  .SiiiifisuH.  anil 
aflerw.i;!  ran  011  San  l''ranoisro  Hay  for  several  years.  lie  retnrneil  to  Va<|nina  Hay  in  i.Sfi|,  lint  attain  visited  .San  Trancisco.  K"iiiK 
from  ihi  ic  to  the  South  Sea  Island  pearl  lislieries.  After  his  return  he  spent  several  months  in  the  Shoalwater  Hay  oyster  trade,  and 
afterw  1:  1  took  the  schooner  J.iziie  ami  operated  her  in  that  Imsiness  for  a  iiuiiilier  of  years  hetween  San  Francisco  and  Vaipiina. 
lie  W.I-  .11  the  schooner  .J//ji /;/</  for  fonr  years  as  mate  and  made  several  trips  to  the  Willamette  River.  I'or.sonie  time  past  he  has 
Imii  in   lie  ferry  and  oyster  trallic  on  Yaquina  Hay. 


y  Ml 


1:: 


i 


i68 


Lewis  c?  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiweat 


genuine  cargo,  insure  it  all  highly,  and  when  well  outside  the  captain  was  to  scuttle  the  vessel  and  return  to  port. 
Once  safely  on  his  way  Robbins  weakened,  concluded  that  it  was  a  shame  to  destroy  so  good  a  vessel,  cliaiiged 
his  course  and  sailed  for  the  Sandwich  Islands,  where,  on  arrival,  he  sold  the  cargo  and  invested  the  procci.'d.s  in 
cocoanut  oil.  With  this  commodity  he  bore  away  for  New  Zealand,  where  he  disposed  of  the  oil  at  a  prufit  uf 
four  thousand  dollars,  half  of  which  he  gave  to  the  crew  and  with  the  remainder  went  to  Mellx)urne  and  was 
enjoying  life  when  arrested.  Rinehart,  his  partner,  who  had  previously  received  eighteen  tliousand  dollars 
insurance,  heard  of  the  plight  of  his  as.sociate,  and  disappeared  before  he  could  be  apprehended.  Rol)1)ins  was 
never  extradited  for  the  offense  and  escaped  punishment  by  jumping  his  bail. 

The  traders  on  the  coast  of  Vancouver  and  Queen  Charlotte's  islands  had  always  been  confronted  with  a 
greater  danger  than  shipwreck,  and  in  1868  the  numerous  outrages  committed  by  the  Indians  culminated  in  the 
murder  of  the  entire  crew  of  the  GrotvUr,  a  well  known  Puget  Sound  .schooner.  The  vessel  left  Victoria  in  March 
with  a  $35,000  cargo  for  the  American  Fur  Company  at  Sitka  and  was  wrecked  off  Cape  Murray,  (jueen 
Charlotte's  Island,  the  following  persons  losing  their  lives :  Capt.  Horace  Coilin,  George  H.  Sprague,  a  iieplieu 
of  Governor  Sprague  of  Rhode  Island,  George  Nichols,  Abraham  Jackson,  Thomas  Riley,  A.  .Stewart, 
C.  A.  Thompson,  John  Shepard,  Samuel  Thompson,  Harris  McAlmond,  a  half-breed  woman,  and  a  yoitiiK  man 
from  San  Francisco.  None  of  the  crew  ever  reached  civilization  again,  and  their  exact  fate  will  always  remain  a 
mystery,  although  guarded  statements  of  the  natives  made  years  afterward  prove  that  those  who  escaped  death 

when  the  schooner  was  wrecked  met  a  worse  fate  in  the  hands  of  the 
Hydah  Indians.  A  few  weeks  after  the  disappearance  of  the  GnKikr, 
the  schooner  Nanaimo  Packet,  which  afterward  came  to  a  similar  end, 
reached  the  .scene  of  the  disaster,  and  Captain  Stevens  went  asliore  to 
get  one  of  the  Grotvler's  anchors,  but  l)efore  he  could  return  to  his 
vessel  he  was  seized  by  the  savages  and  robbed  of  $600.  His  escape 
from  death  was  only  due  to  the  fact  that  part  of  his  crew  were  still  on 
the  schooner  in  plain  sight,  but.  beyond  the  reach  of  the  marauders. 
Numerous  indignities  of  a  like  nature  had  been  forced  upon  .>ievtral 
of  the  trading  fleet,  and  human  life  was  becoming  very  cheap  among 
all  the  trilies.  The  first  man  to  turn  the  tables  on  the  bloodthirsty 
ruffians  was  Capt.  J.  D.  Warren"  of  Victoria,  who  had  been  trading 
for  a  long  time  with  the  sloop  Thornton.  On  June  13,  186.S,  he  was 
cruising  along  the  .shore  of  the  mainland  near  the  head  of  N'aiK'ouver 
Island,  and  was  tacking  near  Storm  Island,  when  a  small  canoe 
containing  two  Indians  came  alongside,  one  of  whom  asked  the 
Captain  to  go  in  and  anchor,  as  they  had  a  great  many  furs  and 
desired  to  trade.  Captain  Warren  did  not  care  to  ei.*er  and  told 
them  so,  but,  while  they  were  talking,  two  more  boatloads  came  up, 
and  he  gave  tliem  a  towline,  but  the  visitors  did  not  offer  to  make  fast 
and  seemed  to  be  waiting  for  others.  They  finally  pulled  in  near  the 
bow  of  the  sloop,  and  Captain  Warren  went  forward  and  saw  that 
they  had  about  a  dozen  muskets  concealed  under  some  blankets  in 
one  of  the  canoes.  He  at  once  ordered  the  men  on  the  sloop  to  show 
the  natives  that  they  were  armed,  and,  when  he  exhibited  his  rifle. 
the  chief  asked  him  what  he  intended  doing  with  it.  Warren  pointed  to  tho.se  in  the  canoe  and  told  him  that 
fue  first  man  to  touch  a  gun  would  be  killed  and  that  they  had  better  go  away.  The  wily  savage  made  no 
answer,  and  Warren  informed  the  crew  that  he  believed  that  they  would  get  out  of  the  scrape.  The  chief 
understood  him,  and  at  a  signal  all  of  them  closed  in,  and  the  fun  began.  The  blanket  was  thrown  ol".  and 
every  Indian  seized  a  musket ;  but,  before  they  had  an  opportunity  to  make  u.se  of  their  firearms,  the  crew  oi  'he 
Thornton  began  shooting,  and  two  of  their  assailants  lay  dead  in  the  canoes.  Captain  Warren  was  aided  !)>■  a  niant 
sailor  known  as  Big  Bill  and  a  man  called  Steve.  Ere  the  natives  could  recover  from  the  effect  of  the  first 
shots.  Big  Bill  was  on  deck  with  a  rifle  in  one  hand  and  a  revolver  in  the  other,  and  his  artillery,  together  with 
the  two  rifles  in  the  hands  of  Steve  and  Warren,  dropped  four  Indians  at  the  next  volley.  Steve  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  onslaught,  and  dragged  himself  to  the  cabin,  leaving  the  others  to  fight  it  out.  The  Indian  pilot 
of  the  sloop  now  took  a  hand  in  the  battle  and  killed  two  of  his  countrymen.  Captain  Warren  had  a  repeating 
rifle,  which  was  a  puzzle  to  the  attacking  party,  who  apparently  could  not  understand  why  it  could  seemingly 
shoot  forever  without  reloading.  The  lively  dodging  indulged  in  by  Warren  and  his  big  assistant  pre\'-Mted 
them  from  taking  effective  aim,  and,  when  the  last  man  in  the  first  canoe  went  down  before  a  bullet  from  the 
repeater,  they  withdrew  with  a  loss  of  fourteen  killed  and  six  wounded,  one  of  whom  died  the  next  day.  W  irren 
received  a  charge  of  buckshot,  which  laid  him  up  for  a  long  time,  and  the  man  Steve  was  seriously  injureii  but 
both  recovered,  and  it  was  many  years  after  this  occurrence  before  another  trader  was  attacked. 


Capt,  Jamrh  I).  Warhkn 


"Capt.  James  D.  Warren  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  sealing  liusioess  in  British  Columbia,  and  for  over  a  quaiirofa 
century  has  occupied  a  prominent  place  in  British  Columbia  marine  matters.  A  sketch  of  bis  life  will  be  found  in  the  '""ing 
chapters  of  this  work  relating  to  the  sealing  industry. 


The  Alaska  Purchase,  Advent  of  Many  Fine  Steamers  on  Puget  Sound 


169 


Tlie  year  1868  was  a  record  breaker  for  marine  disasters.  Over  half  a  million  dollars  worth  of  property  was 
lost  in  lunnerous  wrecks,  and  at  least  fifty  people  |)erished.  The  first  of  the  Northwestern  fleet  to  meet  with  a 
seriou-.  mishap  in  1868  was  the  bark  //.  L.  Rutgers,  wrecked  nt  Point  Honita,  January  ist.  .She  was  <•//  route  from 
Seal>iH  k  ill  command  of  Captain  Marston,  and,  during  a  fo^;,  ran  in  too  close  to  the  dangerous  spot  known  as  the 
Hotatii  I'atch.  Reali/.ing  his  peril,  the  Captain  let  go  his  anchor,  but  it  failed  to  hold,  and  the  vessel  .soon 
dragnfd  on  t!ie  rocks  and  was  beaten  to  pieces.  The  crew  were  rescued  by  the  tug  Sol  Thomas  and  taken  to  San 
Fraiicisi'o.  The  A'«4'^tvi  was  a  bark  of  four  hundred  and  five  tons  register,  built  at  Per*:  Amboy,  N.  J.,  for  the 
RussiaiiAmerican  Telegraph  Company  ;  but,  with  the  collapse  of  this  scheme,  a  seven-eighths  interest  was 
sold  til  Adams.  Blinn  &  Co.,  who  valued  their  holding  at  Si 2. 000  The  other  share  was  the  property  of  a 
eoiiftdtrate  oflicer,  but  after  it  was  confiscated  the  ownership  was  never  definitely  .settled.  On  Thursday,  March 
19th.  the  British  ship  Fanny,  formerly  the  Vortiirern,  8</>  tons.  Captain  Arthur,  owned  by  Rosenfeld  & 
Bermiiisliam  of  San  Francisco,  loaded  i,,vv^  to'"*  of  coal  at  Nanaimo  and  sailed  for  the  Hay  City  in  company  with 
the  Il.iwaiian  bark  Rosalia,  which  was  loaded  with  150,000  feet  of  lumber  from  Burrard's  Inlet  for  the  Hawaiian 
Islands.  The  Rosalia  was  in  tow  of  the  /sabel.  Captain  Pamphlet,  having  left  Burrard's  Inlet  on  Wednesday 
afternoon.  On  the  way  down  the  Fanny  was  taken  in  tow,  and  the  ves^sels  proceeded  in  the  following  order  :  /sahil, 
Fanny  and  Rosalia.  When  nearly  opposite  San  Juan  a  gale  struck  the  fleet.  The  Rosalia's  hawser  parted  ;  she 
drifted  astern,  and,  after  beating  about  until  5:00  A.  m.  Friday,  stranded  on  Discovery  Island.  The  Fanny  had 
gone  but  a  short  distance 
when  her  hawser  also  parted, 
and.  l)ofore  her  sails  could  be 
set.  she  drifted  in  the  same 
direction.  Both  vessels  beat 
heavily  all  night.  The  Rosa- 
lia, k'ing  on  the  south  side  of 
the  island,  received  the  full 
sweep  of  the  wind,  and,  liefore 
day  dawned,  her  bottom  was 
knocked  out.  The  Fanny, 
striking  on  the  ea.st  shore. 
was  less  exposed,  but,  owing 
to  her  lieavy  cargo,  she  soon 
.settled  on  the  rocks  and  was 
full  of  water  when  the  crew 
left  her.  All  hands  were 
landrd  in  the  ship's  boats. 
The  I'liiinr's  cargo  was  valued 
at  S.'7,<>io,  and  the  wreck  .sold 
for  Si.itx) ;  that  of  the  Ro.ta- 
lia  was  valueil  at  $14,000, 
and  her  wreck  brought  $4^,0. 
The  rnite<l  States  steani.ship 


-'^''-''■^.:>j&m»m  ,.^. . 


ni.n  liriHjKnoi'SK  ani>  Hahih)k.  Nanaimo.  11  c. 


Sitaa iniif .  while  going 
'h  iinuli  Shadweil  pa.ssage. 
Quwii  Charlotte's  Island.  June  9,  isr,8,  struck  a  rock  with  such  force  that  she  was  impaled,  and  it  was  impossible 
to  release  her.  The  tide  falling,  she  could  not  withstand  the  strain  and  went  to  pieces.  The  accident  occurred 
alioul  twenty-five  miles  north  of  Fort  RuiJert,  and  the  Hudson's  Bay  steamer  Ot/er  was  dispatched  to  the  scene  of 
the  wreck  and  rescued  the  crew,  conveying  them  to  X'ictoria.  As  there  was  no  hope  for  the  ves.sel,  the  steamer 
AV.-,  I (■,.;•/(/  was  sent  with  a  crew  to  strip  the  hulk  of  its  armament  and  such  portions  of  the  machinery  as  were 
renio'-iMe  and  transport  them  to  San  Francisco.  The  Su^anmr  was  a  comparatively  new  vessel,  built  in  1864. 
and  was  of  about  one  thou.sand  tons  burden.  She  carried  twelve  guns  and  a  crew  of  one  hundred  and  seventy. 
The  (itlieers  in  command  at  the  time  of  the  disaster  were  :  Richard  Law.  commander;  M.  W.  Sanders,  George 
\V.  W Dods,  F.  Wildes  and  C.  U.  Clark,  lieutenants  ;  Thomas  P.  Wilson,  ma.ster  ;  John  H.  Hunt,  Charles  Greenlief 
and  1;  A.  Reilly,  engineers;  M.  B.  Cu.shing,  paymaster.  The  steamer  Resolute,  which  will  always  occupy  an 
important  place  iti  marine  history  as  the  first  tugboat  on  Pnget  .Sound,  was  towing  a  raft  of  logs  down  the 
SquMxon  Island  passage,  near  Olympia,  Augu.st  ly.  1868,  and.  when  near  the  foot  of  the  i.sland,  her  boiler 
exploded  with  a  force  that  completely  wrecked  the  steamer,  damaging  the  hull  .so  that  it  sank  immediately, 
carrying  down  the  stunned  and  brui.sed  men  with  those  who  were  killed  outright.  Capt.  Thomas  Guindon  was 
in  the  pilot-house  and  was  blown  into  the  air,  alighting  on  .some  wreckage.  A  piece  of  the  boiler  which 
descended  an  instant  later  .struck  him  on  the  leg,  breaking  it  and  injuring  his  arm.  He  was  severely  scalded  but 
cluiiK  to  his  raft  until  rescuers  arrived,  who  took  him  in  a  canoe  to  Olympia,  where  he  received  medical 
attenl.inee.     The  other  survivor,  Janeo      h,  the  mate,  was  not  so  seriously  injured,  and  was  picked  up  by  a 


170 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


1: 


i'.'-. 


i! 


farmer  living  near  the  scene  of  the  accident.  The  other  six  men  aboard  were  either  instantly  killed  or  so  badly 
injured  that  they  were  drowned  when  the  vessel  foundered.  The  missing  were:  Joseph  Shannon,  engineer; 
Andrew  Smith  and  Barnet  Dagnall,  firemen  ;  H.  W.  Perkins,  deckhand  ;  Leonard  Greene,  n  passenger ;  and  the 
Chinese  cook. 

The  steamship  De/  Norte  on  her  final  trip  encountered  a  heavy  fog  in  Portier  Pass  and  after  starting  througii 
attempted  to  back  out  into  the  gulf,  but  was  caught  by  the  tide  and  swung  round  until  she  backed  into  Canoe 
Reef,  displacing  her  rudder  and  tearing  away  her  false  keel,  which  floated  up  alongside.  She  remained  on 
the  reef,  and  her  cargo  of  coal  was  .shifted  forward,  leaving  her  stern  dry  at  low  water  ;  but,  as  the  tide  receded,  she 
took  a  sheer  to  starboard,  breaking  the  sternpost,  and  going  over  until  the  foreyards  were  submerged.  When 
the  tide  rose  the  sea  rushed  in  through  the  bottom  .so  rapidly  that  the  men  were  driven  out  of  the  hold.  The 
accident  happened  October  21st,  and  at  daylight  on  the  twenty-second  the  passengers  were  taken  ashore,  together 
with  the  effects  of  the  crew  and  the  furniture  and  other  movables  which  could  be  handled.  As  soon  as  possible  an 
effort  was  made  to  raise  the  vessel,  and  a  contract  was  signed  with  Broderick  of  Victoria  to  get  her  afloat.  He 
secured  some  large  barges  at  Port  Ludlow,  which  he  started  in  tow  of  the  Otter  in  November,  but,  a  few  hours 
before  reaching  the  .scene  of  the  disaster,  a  heavy  southeast  wind  began  blowing  and  stirred  up  a  sea  which  lifted 
the  steamer  off  the  reef,  and  she  .settled  in  over  ten  fathoms  of  water,  rendering  it  impossible  to  save  her. 

The  schooner  Louisa  Dozens  fitted  out  at  Port  Townsend  in  July  with  a  party  of  prospectors  from  Portland, 
bound  for  the  Stickeen  River,  and  was  wrecked  in  Peril  Straits  a  few  weeks  later.  The  crew  reached  shore  on  an 
island  near  the  entrance  to  Bering's  Bay,  and  were  taken  from  there  to  Sitka  by  some  Indians.  No  tidings  were 
received  for  six  months  after  their  disappearance,  and  it  was  the  generally  accepted  belief  that  they  had  met  their 
fate  at  the  hands  of  the  Indians.     The  bark  D.  M.  Hall,  Captain  Harrington,  was  coming  to  Coos  Bay  from  San 

Franci.sco,  Octobers,  1868,  attempting  to  sail 
against  an  ebb  tide.  The  wind  died  out,  the 
dense  fog  and  smoke  rendered  it  difficult  to 
work  back  to  sea,  and  in  a  very  short  time 
she  was  aground  on  the  south  spit,  where  she 
rapidly  pounded  to  pieces.  Two  of  the  crew 
were  lost.  The  vessel  was  an  old-timer  on 
the  Coast,  had  been  overhauled  in  San 
Francisco  two  years  before,  and  was  thought 
to  be  in  very  good  order.  She  went  into 
the  Cor-s  Bay  lumber  trade  after  she  was 
repaired,  and  at  the  time  of  her  loss  was 
four  days  out  from  San  Francisco  in  ballast. 
The  schooner  Thos.  Woodward,  Cap- 
tain Arthur,  from  Victoria  for  Fort  Wrangel, 
was  running  before  a  strong  southeast  wind 
on  the  evening  of  November  25th,  when  .slie 
struck  a  reef  at  Shelter  Point,  near  Cape 
Mudge,  thirty  miles  above  Comox.  She  was  unable  to  get  afloat  and  on  the  .second  day  rolled  over  on  the  reef, 
and  the  sea  soon  knocked  her  to  pieces.  Captain  Lewis  arrived  the  next  day  with  the  Otter  and  bought  the 
wreck  for  $105.  The  pa.ssengers  went  on  to  Sitka  on  the  Otter,  and  the  captain  and  crew  came  down  on  the 
Surprise.  Tlie  schooner  was  loaded  with  Government  stores  and  also  carried  about  $20,000  in  treasure,  the  entire 
cargo  being  valued  at  $60,000.  The  vessel  was  owned  by  Taylor  &  Bendel  of  San  Francisco,  and  when  the 
captain  reached  San  Franci.sco  the  following  year  he  was  arrested  on  a  charge  of  stealing  the  treasure  and  dividing 
it  between  himself  and  two  other  men  who  were  on  board  at  the  time. 

The  schooner  Noyo,  with  a  cargo  of  lime,  struck  on  the  bar  at  Coos  Bay  and  came  in  leaking  so  badly  t'la' 
the  lime  .set  fire  to  the  vessel,  damaging  it  so  seriously  that  it  was  beached  and  allowed  to  burn.  The  bark  Tornnl. 
a  well  known  old-timer,  went  ashore  in  Engli.sh  Bay,  Ala.ska,  becoming  a  total  loss,  and  in  October  the  bark  (Iceaii 
was  wrecked  at  Dungeness,  being  too  old  and  tender  to  get  afloat  after  stranding.  The  British  bark  Oliver  Coulls, 
in  the  coal  trade  between  Nanaimo  and  San  Francisco,  was  lost  on  Alcatraz  Island  while  sailing  into  the 
harbor  of  San  Francisco.  Another  disaster  of  the  year  was  the  sinking  of  the  steamship  Constantine  near  Active 
Pass.  The  vessel  was  subsequently  raised  and  repaired.  The  American  bark  Delaware,  from  Sitka  for  Port 
Townsend,  ran  ashore  at  Fisguard  lighthouse,  December  31st,  was  sold  for  a  few  dollars,  and  floated  in  good 
condition  less  than  a  month  after  the  disaster.  The  little  steamer  Lizzie  Horner  had  two  boiler  explosions  on  the 
Sound,  but  no  serious  damage  resulted  ;  and  the  steamer  Sea  Foam  sank  at  the  mill  wharf  in  Burrard's  Inlet  in 
Novemlier.  At  Portland  a  steam  pipe  on  the  steamer  Alert  burst  and  scalded  the  mate  on  the  vessel  so  severely 
that  he  died  soon  after  the  accident. 

Puget  Sound  made  wonderful  strides  in  the  growth  and  development  of  her  marine  interests  in  i86u.  and 
the  waters  of  the  inland  sea  were  churned  by  the  wheels  of  finer  and  faster  steamers  than  any  which  Iia.l  yet 
appeared.     The  Oregon  Steam   Navigation  Company,  with  its   wealth  and   power,  had   practically  conqiered 


.^ 

^ 

*-.' 

Stuambk  "Princess  Louise,"  Fohmbklv  thk  "Olvmpia' 


The  Alaska  Purchase,  Advent  of  Many  Fine  Steamers  on  Paget  Sound 


•7' 


Cai-t.  Ciiablrh  K.  Clancbv 


everytliiiig  on  the  Columbia,  and  early  in  the  spring  arranged  to  begin  active  o]>erations  on  the  Sound.  Frank 
Dodge  who  had  long  been  in  the  company's  employ  on  the  river,  was  sent  over  to  the  new  field  to  take 
cliargL'  111  affairs  ;  and  in  February  the  steamer  WHson  G.  Hunt  again  paddled  into  \'icloria  harl>or  after  an  absence 
often  years,  having  been  taken  around  from  the  Columbia  by  Capt.  W.  I.  Waitt,  who  continued  in  command 

after  her  arrival,  with  Thomas  Smith,  chief  engineer.  James  Oallegher, 
assistant,  and  J.  Myrick,  purser.  Naturally  the  old  /://.;»  Anderson  was 
no  match  for  the  Hunt  in  point  of  speed,  and  the  peace  attendant  on  the 
vanquishment  of  the  Neu'  IVorld  in  the  preceding  year  was  short-lived. 
Kates  were  cut,  and  a  merry  war  was  declared  as  .soon  as  the  Ilitiil  liegan 
running,  but  it  was  far  from  being  the  one-sided  contest  of  a  few  months 
before,  os  both  parties  were  financially  e(|uipped  for  a  .struggle  of  alnio.st 
indefinite  length.  It  was  probably  a  perfect  understanding  of  that  fact 
which  induced  them  to  compromise,  and  in  Octol)er  the  Xtw  World  pa.ssed 
into  the  hands  of  George  S.  Wright  and  I).  B.  Finch,  adding  another  to 
the  unbroken  line  of  victories  which  marked  the  .-hidfrion's  career  for 
over  a  decade.  Captain  Finch  took  command  of  the  //«///  and  ran  her 
for  a  short  time,  Waitt  remaining  with  him  as  pilot.  The  owners  of  the 
Anderson  had  realized  ere  this  that  the  time  was  rapidly  approaching 
when  the  pioneer  steamer  would  no  longer  hold  the  trade,  and.  In-fore  the 
arrival  of  the  Hunt,  George  S.  Wright  had  jilaccd  an  order  for  a  new 
sidewheeler  with  John  Unglish  &  .Sons  of  New  York.  This  steamer  was 
called  \.\i^aOlympia,  and  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  Novemlter  lytli.  seventy- 
five  days  from  New  York,  in  command  of  Capt.  James  liolger,  who 
.superintended  her  construction,  with  James  King  ''  as  chief  engineer  and 
George  Hutchinson,  first  officer.  The  Olympia  was  one  hundred  and 
eighty  feet  long,  thirty  feet  beam,  and  twelve  and  one-half  feet  hold,  brig  rigged  and  with  a  hull  constructed 
throughout  of  seasoned  white  oak.  She  arrived  at  Olympia,  December  ,vl,  and  made  her  initial  trip  on  the 
Victoria  route  four  days  later,  running  there  until  the  following  spring,  when  she  was  laid  up  for  a  short  time. 
In  the  meantime  a  new  factor  in  Puget  Sound  transportation  appeared,  the  steamer  Alida.  a  sitlewheeler  built  by 
a  man  named  Nash,  who  had  secured  the  mail  contract  between  Olympia  and  Victoria.  Nash  commenced  work 
on  his  steamer  at  Olympia,  but,  becoming  financially  involved,  .secured  the  assistance  of  \>,.  A.  and  L.  M.  Starr. 
two  wealthy  Portlanders  who  had  had  no  previous  experience  in  steaniboating,  and  before  her  completion  Nash 
uirned  the  Alida  over  to  them.  She  was  far  from  being  a  success  as  originally  constructed,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1870  was  remodeled  at  Seattle,  and  made  her  first  trip  on  the  Victoria  route  July  12,  1870.  Capt.  K.  A.  Starr 
appearing  on  the  records  as  ma.ster,  although  the  pilot,  Capt.  Dan  Morrison,  was  practically  in  charge.  Thomas 
Hoy  was  engineer,  with  James  Griffiths,  as.si.stant.  The  steamer  was  one 
luiiidred  and  fifteen  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  wi'.h 
engines  fourteen  atid  one-half  by  sixty-six  inches.  She  was  fitted  with  twelve 
staterooms  and  was  a  neat  little  craft,  but  no  match  for  the  handsome  Olympia, 
which  was  put  on  the  route  in  opposition  as  soon  as  she  appeared.  The  latter 
vessel  made  matters  so  interesting  for  the  new  steamboatmen  that  they  decided 
to  build  a  boat  which  would  run  enough  faster  and  cheaper  to  enable  them  to 
drive  the  Anderson's  successor  from  the  field.  They  accordingly  began  work  on 
the  sidewheeler  North  Pacific,  and.  when  that  steamer  was  completed  and  brought 
to  the  Sound,  the  Starrs  ended  the  struggle  by  paying  the  owners  of  the  Olympia 
a  subsidy  of  $7,500  per  year  to  take  the  boat  away. 

The  Olympia  .steamed  down  to  San  Francisco,  July,  1871,  and  soon  after 
her  arrival  was  granted  another  liberal  subsidy  for  non-interference  with  the 
California  steamers.  In  1.S72  .she  attempted  to  run  on  the  San  Francisco  and 
Portland  route,  but  was  soon  withdrawn  and  made  a  voyage  to  Honolulu,  also 
running  for  a  short  time  to  Humboldt,  retiring  again  in  1873  with  her  double 
subsidy  still  in  force.  In  1878,  after  an  absence  of  seven  years,  during  which  the  Starrs  had  paid  her  owners 
over  fifty  thousand  dollars,  the  Olympia  was  again  taken  to  the  Sound  by  George  S.  Wright,  but  had  difficulty  in 
finding  profitable  trade.     She  arrived  in  July  and  made  a  few  trips  between  \'ictoria  and  Sound  ports,  then  ran 


John  Rohrrthon 


'^  James  Kin);,  probably  the  oldest  iiiuriiie  enK>tieer  011  tbe  Pacific  Coast,  was  horn  in  Fairlax,  V.i  ,  in  1812,  ami  bi'^an  his 
inariiiiiic  career  in  New  York  in  i8,?o  in  the  employ  of  Coiinnoilore  Vandcrbilt  and  Robert  I,.  Stevens.  His  lirst  trip  to  the  I'acific 
was  ill  1.S51  aa  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  America.  After  a  short  stay  in  San  Krancisco  he  ruturneil  to  the  Hast,  visiting  the 
Wesl  ai;,iiii  ill  1853  on  the  steamer  Pacific,  then  going  back  to  New  York,  where  he  reniaiiieil  live  years.  In  iSs.S  he  entered 
the  eiii|ilMy  of  the  Wrights,  serving  for  several  years  with  them,  going  from  San  Francisco  to  China  with  the  /o/;;/  T.  IVrii;/!!  at  the 
lime  sliL  was  sold.  He  ran  for  a  long  period  north  and  south  from  >San  Francisco  on  the  old  steamer  Santa  Cruz.  anil,  when  the  new 
Olyiii/>:ii  was  ready  for  the  Puget  Soun<l  trade,  Mr.  King  went  East  to  take  charge  of  her  engines  on  the  long  voyage  around  the 
Horn.  lie  followed  his  vocation  on  various  routes  out  of  the  Bay  City  until  about  i88c,  when  he  retired,  and  is  at  present  living  at 
Niles,  '.'.iiueda  County,  Cal. 


X7I 


ieii'/»  <f  Dryden'i  Marine  Hiitory  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


■| 

1 

91 

1 

E     -^ 

Wm^  1 

v'*/.- 

7P 

^ 

wr--'  -^ 

1 

i 

CAPT.  I'lDWAKD  NiCIIOLH 


irregularly  to  Portland  and  in  September  paid  a  visit  to  Alaitka.  The  Htidson'M  Hay  Company  were  at  tliis  time 
at  war  with  Capt.  John  Irving,  who  was  oiierating  the  W'Hsoh  G.  Hunt  l)etw»;en  Victoria  and  New  We.stniinster, 
and,  as  their  ancient  steamers  were  no  match  for  the  Hunt.  Wright  induced  them  to  piircha.se  the  Ohmf>ia  for 

seventy-five  thousand  dollars.  The  transfer  was  made  in  OctoUr,  she 
was  at  once  enrolled  under  the  Uritish  flag,  and  in  command  of  Capt. 
H.  O.  Lewis  started  in  opposition  to  her  old  ally,  the  //««/.  Slu  madi' 
her  last  voyage  under  the  name  Olympia  to  Wrangcl  in  May,  1H7C,,  and 
on  her  return  was  christened  the  Primess  Louise  and  registered  from 
the  port  of  London.  Under  her  new  name  and  colors  she  coiitiiiiiL'd  to 
run  out  of  Victoria  in  the  interest  of  the  Ilud.son's  Bay  Compnny  until 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  absorl>cd  the  steainlxiat 
properti'is  of  that  corporation.  In  1885  she  was  extensively  repaired 
and  has  since  been  in  almost  continuous  service,  and  is  apparently  good 
for  many  years  yet.  Af^er  passing  under  British  register  she  was 
commanded  by  Captains  Lewis,  McCulloch,  Myers,  Irving,  White. 
Glaholme,  Ramsey,"  Rudlin,  Jaggers,  and   others. 

The  Olympia's  first  antagonist,  the  Alida,  was  never  a  success, 
and  was  laid  up  in  Olympia  in  187 1  after  a  year's  work,  but  came  out 
again  in  1873  and  ran  be- 
tween Olympia  and  Seattle 
in  command  of  Capt.  J.  (>. 
Parker.  In  187,^  she  took 
the  first  passengers  from 
old  Tacoma  to  the  new 
town  to  connect  with  the  first  railroad  train  to  run  in  the  Puget 
Sound  country.  Captain  Starr  was  succeeded  in  command  by  Cap- 
tains Clancey,"  Browner,  Wilson,  (Irant.  Parker,  Morrison,  and 
others,  and  James  Griffiths  was  chief  engineer  of  the  craft  longer 
than  any  other  man.  John  Rol>ertson"  also  filled  that  position  for 
a  few  months.  She  was  out  of  commission  the  greater  portion  of 
the  time  after  1879.  and  in  August,  1890,  while  laid  up  at  Gig 
Harbor,  was  burned  to  the  water's  edge  by  a  brush  fire  which  swept 
down  from  the  forest.  Her  engines  were  saved  in  a  damaged  con- 
dition and  are  now  lying  in  Lake's  shipyard,  in  Ballard,  Wash. 
The  AUda  was  not  the  only  new  steamer  which  encountered 
financial  difficulties  in  1869,  for  a  small  propeller  named  the  \  atiina, 
built  at  Port  Orchard,  was  libeled  and  .seized  for  debt  before  she 
was  put   in   commission.     Capt.   Samuel  Jack.soii   was  placed   in 

charge  pending  the  adjustment  of 
the  difficulties,  but  was  forcibly 
removed  by  Captain  Spalding,  who 

Cai'T   CliMis  Williams 

"Capt.  James  Ramsey  was  born  in  tlie  north  of  Ireland  in  1829.  He  arriviil  at 
Esquimau  in  1862,  was  mute  on  the  luinlier  schooner  Alherni  for  two  years  and  also  run  on 
the  schooner  Alice  Thorndyke.  He  served  for  five  months  between  Victoria  and  Porllaml  on 
the  steamer  George  S.  Wright  with  Captain  Lewis,  commenced  pilotinK  on  the  .Sound  in  Ibe 
British  Columbia  district  in  1873,  and  has  followed  that  calling  ever  since.  His  home  is  in 
Victoria,  H.  C. 

"  Capl.  Charles  K.  Clancey  is  a  native  of  Oiiilfonl,  Conn.,  and  be);an  stcamboatiiiK  on 
I'uget  Sound  in  1869  as  purser  on  the  steamer  /.  II.  Libb\\  leuvinK  her  to  enter  the  eni|iliiy  of 
the  Starrs,  who  were  then  IwKinninK  operations  on  the  Sounil.  Captain  Clancey  rose  rijiidly 
in  his  profession  and  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  successors  of  I'incli  S:  Wright  llirou);ii  all 
their  years  of  prosperity  until  they  were  succeeded  by  the  OrcRon  Railway  &  Navit;:iiion 
Company.  He  then  took  charge  of  affairs  as  manager  of  the  water  lines,  and  it  is  lar(;ely  clue 
to  his  exertions  and  remarkable  executive  skill  timt  the  company  enjoycil  the  cream  of  .vhal 
was  then  a  most  lucrative  traffic.  Captain  Clancey's  success  as  a  manaKer  was  dnc  tu  liis 
thoroughly  practical  knowledge  of  tlie  business.  In  every  position,  whether  as  mate,  |iiiiser, 
master  or  manager,  he  has  enjoyeil  the  confidence  of  his  employers  and  the  esteem  of  the 
public.  On  his  retirement  from  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Coinjiany. 
Captain  Clancey  liecame  superintendent  of  the  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  reniainini.;  with 
them  until  1S94.  During  his  career  of  a  quarter  of  a  century  on  the  Sound,  he  has  been 
connected  in  some  capacity  with  nearly  every  steamer  on  those  waters.     He  is  at  present  living  in  Tacoma. 

'•John  Roliertson,  engineer,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1836  anil  entered  the  service  in  iB.sj.  He  liegan  firing  on  the  Manning 
Line  out  of  Sydney,  Australia,  in  1858,  and  continued  steamlioating  and  mining  until  1861,  when  he  came  direct  from  I.oii  Ion, 
England,  to  the  Coast,  and  found  employment  with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  joining  tiie  steamer  O/Z^r  as  fireman.  IN  ;  the 
next  nine  years  he  was  on  various  boats  in  this  capacity,  and  subBec|uently  joined  the  Wilson  C.  Hunt  as  engineer,  ruuning  lid  "  cen 
Victoria  and  Olympia.  He  was  afterward  on  the  steamers  George  S.  Wright  and  Cali/oniiii,  going  from  one  to  the  other, 
leaving  Ben  HoUaday's  line,  he  serve<i  on  the  steamer  /leaver.  Captain  Rudlin,  and  since  then  has  been  employed  on  iiearl\ 
the  local  Imats  anil  a  number  of  Puget  Sound  steamers,  xmong  them  being  the  Alida,  Grappler,  Cariboo  Fly  and  Afaiide.  H< 
present  living  in  Victoria. 


ROHBRT   AIKKV 


After 
illof 
is  at 


The  Alaska  Purchase,  Advent  of  Many  Fine  Steameri  on  Puget  Sound 


'73 


ran  tli<   steamer  over  to  Victoria,  where  hIi*?  remained  until  matters  were  settled.     Her  owner,  Captain  Francis, 

then  tiink  iitr  l)ack  to  the  American  side,  and  in  Fehruory,  1870,  she  l)egan  ninninK  <in  the  Sound  in  command 

of  Capt.  Sam  Jackson.     In  May  .she  was  sold  to  mail  contractor  Na.sh  for  ten  thousand  dollars,  and  commenced 

making  a  round  trip  jK-r  week  Iwtweeii  Ulympia  and  I'ort  Townsend, 
in  connection  with  the  .  l/iJa .  hut  the  advent  of  the  North  Pacific 
rendered  her  u.seless  in  that  capacity,  and  she  was  sent  around  to  the 
Columbia,  where  she  was   iMiuKht   l>y  J.    II.    I),   (iray   and  George 

Warren,  who  put  her  into  service  on  the  Fort  Canhy  route  in  place  of 

^,1^1^^.  the  //.  .S.  Gran/,  and  oflerward  used  her  for  a  towhoat.     Captain  Oray 

jfe/^^B^  operated  her  until  1876,  and  she  was  then  turned  over  to  the  newly 

organized  Ilwaco  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  ran  on  the  Ilwaco 
and  Astoria  route  in  charge  of  Capt.  Al  Harris,  who  was  succeeded 
in  1H78  by  Capt.  W.  H.  Whitconib,  and  he  in  turn  by  Capt.  J.  P. 
Whitcomb.  The  .steamer  ended  her  days  on  the  Ilwaco  route  about 
1880.  The  V'anina  was  seventy  feet  long,  sixteen  feet  lieam,  and  six 
feet  hold,  with  eighteen  liy  sixteen  inch  engines. 

The  steam  tug  l-'avonle,  which  is  still  afloat  on  I'ugct  Sound, 
was  completed  at  Utsalady  in  isr.9  by  Orannan  it  Cranney,  who  built 
her  for  towing  for  the  mill  at  Utsalady.  Capt.  ICdward  Nichols  was 
her  first  master,  and  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  Chris  Williams.  She 
served  as  a  tug  until  1874,  when  P.  I).  Moore,  the  mail  contractor, 
secured  her,  and  she  ran  in  the  postal  service  with  William  Waitt  in 
command.  In  1876  the  Puget  Mill  Company  purchase<l  the  steamer 
for  #14,950,  and,  with  the  exception  of  intervals  when  she  has  been 
laid  up,  she  has  Iwen  u.sed 
as  a  towhoat  since.  Other 
masters  in  charge  were 

Doaiie,  Williamson  and  Gove.     J.  C.  Stanley.''  William.son,  Grinwald, 

Airey,"  and  nearly  all  of  the  prominent   tugboat  engineers  on   the 

Soimil,  have  worked  on  the  steamer.     The  tug  was  last  in  the  service 

of  the  Port  Madison  Mill,  and  for  a  long  time  has  Ijeen  idle  at  I'ort 

Madi.soii. 

.Another  fine  tugboat,  the  .S".  A.  .Ifaslkk,  was  launched  at  Port 

Di.scovery  in  1.S69.     She  was  built  by  W.  A.  Webster  &  Co.  for  S.  L. 

Ma.stick  &  Co.,  the  sawmill  men,  and  was  sent  to  San  Francisco  under 

sail  and  there  fitted  with  engines  by  J.  Lockhead,  making  her  trial 

trip  as  a  steamer  Septemlier  7th,  and  entering  the  .service  as  a  towhoat 

on  Sail  I'Vancisco  Hay  and  bar,  one  of  her  first  tasks  being  to  tow  the 

ship  Orion  from  San   Diego  to  San  Francisco.     The  launch  of  the 

Masliih  was  delayed  a  day  on  account  of  the  tide,  and,  while   she 

proved  a  good  boat  in  many  respects,  her  owners  and  masters  always 

averred  that  she  was  never  able  to  make  up  for  that  lost  twenty-four 

hours.     She   was  commanded   by  Captains   I)e    Lanty,  William.son, 

Oliver,"' vSinith.  and  many  other  well  known  tugboat  captains,  while 

Dennis  I,awIor,''=  McGill,  Kennedy  and  others  handled  her  machinery. 


CAIT     J.   I..  OI.IVKH 


■'.■m  ' 


>    I 


'J.  C.  Stanley,  enKiiieer,  was  liorn  in  I'^iiKliinil,  iiml  in  iS6fi  laini'  to  l'n>;<'t 
Sound,  where  liis  first  steanilxiatinK  was  on  tlie  .Vary  Wiiojiulf  v,\\h  Captain  iii:nms  i.awh«k 

Cos^jrovc.  HoiiiK  from  tile  Woixlmlf  to  the  steamer  Faroiilc.     In   1S70  he  was 

oil  \\w  sUiiiiier  lllitik  Diamond  witli  Captain  tlill,  l)nt  left  soon  afterward  for  tile  Cohiiiil)ia  River,  where  he  was  ennaRed  on  the 
.steauur  Miiiiiiuic  with  Captain  IIol)son;  Willnmetli'  i'liiij.  Captain  IlanKliman  ;  (ioviiiiot  (•io;,i.  Captain  Wilson  lanil  Heaver) ; 
ll'cluiiin;  Caiil.  C.eorije  Ainswortli ;  Dikloliama.  Captain  Smith  ;  Culliofie.  Captain  llurKy;  unA  Miillno>iiali,  Captains  I'ope  and  Pease. 
He  has  lueii  on  the  Aftilhiomali  since  the  day  site  was  Iniilt.  went  to  the  Sound  with  her.  and  is  still  in  charge  of  lier  engines. 

"Kohcrt  .Airey,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Scotland  in  iH.t7,  and  has  been  connected  with  the  marine  Imsiness  since  iS,<>9, 
IwRinmii);  when  hut  a  hoy.  He  arrived  in  the  Nortliwe.st  in  i86,s  and  coninieiiceil  .steanihoatiuK  on  the  Colninhia  Kiver.  Shortly 
after  ihis  he  served  for  a  while  on  the  steamer  George  S.  Wriglil  and  then  went  to  the  .steamer  Col/'iix,  where  he  remained  for 
many  uirs.  jjoiiiK  from  her  to  the  AnAW  and  thence  to  the  steamer  City  0/  StanwoiMi,  of  which  he  is  at  present  chief  engineer, 
maliiiii;  his  home  at  Slanwoml. 

'Capt.  J.  L.  Oliver  was  horn  ill  Maine  in  1844,  and  made  his  first  sea  vovage  at  the  a^e  of  seventeen  on  the  ship  (7eneral 
III  hound  for  Liverpool.  Returniii)>  to  New  Vork,  he  continued  sailing  in  the  ileep-water  service  tor  fourteen  yeiirs, 
nearly  every  part  of  the  worlil  and  douhlinn  Cape  Horn  six  times.  His  first  work  on  Pu^et  Sound  was  on  the  U\a 
.  and  he  was  master  of  the  Sea  Lion  for  two  years.  He  was  also  eii^agetl  for  a  loii>^  time  as  ni.'ite  on  the  tiij.f  Taeoitia,  and 
!k'e  of  the  tugs  /I'/j,  Queen  City,  and  a  nunilier  of  other  well  known  Sound  steamers.  When  the  old  settlement  of  IVeeport 
ilie  metropolitan  title  of  West  Seattle,  Captain  Oliver  took  charge  of  the  first  steam  ferry  operated  hetween  .Seattle  and  its 
sutiurh  across  the  bay.  Captain  Oliver  afterward  commanded  several  steamers  owned  hy  the  Hastings  Steamboat  Company, 
anil  »  ,.  r,ir  several  months  master  of  the  Monlicello. 

lleiinis  I^awlor,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Ontario  in  1S42.  ser\ed  a  three  yeors'  apprenticeship  in  the  Bartley  &  Dnndall  engine 
work^  ,;  Montreal,  and  subsequently  worked  with  his  father  in  the  Hawksbury  Mills.     He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  iS6a,  and, 


visitiiii 
Mail!. 
hail  ell 
assttin<- 
thriviii 


i    !( 


■'i    ■ 


i!  \ 


m 


Lewis  (J  Oryden'a  Marine  Hietory  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwesf 


When  tUKlioaN  l>ecnme  more  plentiful  on  the  Bay,  the  A/as/irk  returned  to  the  Sound  and  wan  Imuvilit  hy 
MorKan  Si  HaxtinKH,  who  traded  her  to  Capt,  A.  O.  Benjamin  in  1H86,  receivinK  in  exchange  the  siiamer 
Rusllfr  iinil  a  .hcow.  Benjamin  xold  her  a  few  monthit  later  to  Capt.  David  (iilmore,  who  expended  ^l'vc^al 
thousand  dollars  in  refittint;  her,  changinK  the  old  liiKh-prvH.ture  engines  for  coni|M)und  engines  and  making  otiitr 
improvements.  After  operating  the  vessel  for  a  few  years  he  dis|>ose<i  of  her  to  the  Koss  &  McLaren  Millin); 
Company  of  Victoria,  and  she  was  placed  under  the  British  flag.  The  dimensions  of  the  Masliik  were: 
length,  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  ;  beam,  twenty-four  feet ;  depth  of  hold,  twelve  feet  three  inches.  The 
Phanlom,  a  small  propeller  built  at  Port  Madi.s(m  by  Mr.  Hornlieck  for  Captain  Suffern,  made  her  appeaninct  in 
1H69,  and  was  operated  us  a  ferry  lietween  Port  Madison  and  Seattle  until  1871,  when  her  owner  took  her  to  I.ake 
Washington  and  used  her  to  tow  barges  for  the  coal  company.  She  was  afterward  brought  back  to  the  Sound 
and  ran  for  a  long  time  from  Seattle  to  Ports  Blakely,  Orchard  and  Madison.  In  1884  she  was  refitted  by  .Moran 
Brothers  and  sold  to  Cupt.  J.  C.  Brittain,  who  ran  her  on  the  Island  route  a  short  time  and  then  dispo.sed  of  lier  to 
the  Stimson  Mill  Company.  In  their  service  she  was  towing  for  a  short  time  and  was  .subsequently  sent  to 
Victoria,  where  she  has  since  operated  under  British  colors.  The  Phantom  was  sixty-five  feet  long,  elevt-n  feet 
beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  engines  nine  by  eighteen  inches.  The  l.innif  was  a  small  sternwheeler  built  at  rtsalady 
in  1869  by  Grennan  &  Cranney  for  the  mill  company's  work,  and  was  afterward  transferred  to  the  HIakely 
Mill  Company.  Capt.  T.  M.  Brownell  ran  her  for  the  Utsalady  mills,  and  Capt.  Frank  Smith'"  was  master  while 
the  Blakely  company  owned  her.  She  was  fitted  with  twelve  by  thirty-'six  inch  engines,  which  were  unahle  to 
make  her  show  much  speed,  and  .she  labored  almost  exclusively  as  a  freight  and  tow  boat.     Capt.  John  Hill  was 

her  I.Tst  owner  while  she  was  used  as 
a  steamer.  He  sold  her  to  a  firm  of 
brickmakers,  who  dismantled  her  and 
utilized  the  hull  as  a  lighter  U-tween 
\'ashon  Island  and  Tacoma. 

The  people  of  Port  Towiiseiid 
and  Seattle  were  no  longer  dependent 
on  the  Victoria  mail  steamer  or  an 
occasional  towboat  for  transportation 
facilities,  as  the  steamer  Siiarss  was 
making  a  round  trip  per  day  ln'tween 
the  two  cities,  calling  at  ICIiey's 
Landing,  Ports  Ludlow  and  Ganil)le. 
The  steamer/.  B.  l.ibby  was  carrying 
the  mail  on  the  Whatcom  route,  tak- 
ing the  place  of  the  Maty  Woodruff. 
The  ocean  business  between  Portland, 
Victoria  and  Puget  Sound  was  han- 
dled in  iSfig  by  the  (iiisw  Tdiair,^ 
vessel  with  a  history  of  more  than 
ordinary  interest.  She  was  a  Clyde 
built  propeller  of  about  fiiur  hundred 
tons  bu'.den,  launched  at  Greenock  in  186^^  for  a  blockade  runner,  and  made  a  numljer  of  successful  voyages 
before  she  was  captured  by  a  United  States  vessel,  taken  to  New  York  and  sold  to  John  T.  Wright,  who  at  once 
fitted  her  out  an<l  sent  her  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  Holladay  &  Brenham  were  at  that  time  buying  everything  which 
threatened  to  interfere  with  their  monopoly,  and  the  Telfair  soon  fell  into  their  hands  and  was  started  North  on 
her  first  trip  early  in  1869  in  command  of  Capt.  Fred  Holies,  who  took  her  to  Victoria.  After  he  left  her,  Capt. 
N.   L.  Rogers"  was  appointed  master  and  ran  her  between   Portland  and  Victoria,  calling  at  Port  Townsend, 

after  lieiii);  eniployeil  in  San  Franeisioo  for  some  time,  went  to  Nevada  and  worked  in  tlie  Gould  &  Curry  stauip  mill.  Hi^  left 
tliirc  witliin  a  sliort  period  and  went  to  I'uget  .Sound,  finding  employment  as  a  macliiuist  at  the  Port  Oamlile  Mills  for  lliree  vt-ars 
He  then  entereil  the  marine  service  on  different  steamers  on  tile  Sound.  He  was  on  the  sidewlieeler  Colfax  for  a  year  ami  with  111' 
(loliali  in  1X74,  K"'"K  la''^'' '"  "'«  sleamers  yakima,  HIakely  and  5.  A.  Ma^liik,  on  all  of  which  he  occupied  the  position  ol  eliief 
eiiKineer.  In  i,S79  he  arriveil  at  Victoria  and  joined  the  steamer  H^es/erH  Slope,  o(  which  he  was  chief  engineer  for  six  nuntlis, 
runniiiK  mi  the  Stickeen  River,  >;"'iiK  afterward  to  the  steamer  GeiliuJe  under  the  same  iiianaKeineiit.  He  also  servid  on 
this  route  on  the  Cassiar  for  a  short  time,  and  was  sulisequently  chief  on  the  steamers  Grafpler  ami  Beaver.  In  iHSa  he  riMiinied 
to  Seattle,  workeil  for  a  while  in  Williamson  s  shop,  and  then  joined  the  steamer  Josephine,  remaining  with  her  until  her  lioiler 
explodeil  He  also  ran  on  the  steamer  McNaiixlil,  and  has  recently  heen  chief  engineer  on  the  tug  /ilia  IVIiile  in  liritisb 
Columbia  waters. 

'"Capt.  Frank  Smith  was  born  in  France  in  I,S46  and  commenced  steamboaling  on  I'nget  Sound  in  1869.  His  first  vessel 
was  the  old  doliali.  He  has  Iwen  almost  continuously  in  the  employ  of  the  mill  company  on  their  towboats,  and  for  several  vein 
post  has  had  cominaiid  of  the  venerable  /'olilko/skv. 

"  Capt.  N.  I<.  Rogers  was  born  at  Bath,  Me.,  in  1837.  He  shipped  before  the  mast  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  visitiir.;  the 
Mediterranean,  I-'rance,  (Ireat  Dritain  and  the  West  Inilies.  At  eighteen  years  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  third  niile  on 
the  ship  /,/>;;>  Haiwooil,  and  the  following  year  became  second  mate.  In  1859  he  sailed  from  Bath  on  the  brig  Sheet  .hulior, 
arriving  in  San  Francisco  in  i860.  His  first  tierth  on  the  Coast  was  as  mate  on  the  ship  Amethyst  in  the  Bellinghani  I)ii>  vn.l 
traflic.  A  year  later  he  went  to  Shanghai  as  first  mate  on  the  bark  Daniel  Webster.  After  a  short  coasting  voyage  the  ves  •!  *w 
sold  at  Kanagwa  to  the  Japanese  Government,  and  Captain  Rogers  returned  to  San  Francisco  as  a  passenger  on  the  ship  dm     :v.v». 


SfKAMKIIir       (ll-SHIK   TKLFAIK  ' 


Thu  Alaska  Purchase,  Advent  of  Many  Finn  Steameri  on  Paget  Sound 


'75 


Sentlli  Sttilacooiii  and  Olympin.  SherwiMid,  Slioll  nml  Ilnyen  were  in  chnrKc  on  the  -tame  roiitf,  niul  in  1H7J 
Capt.  1  J  Ainsley  ran  her  lM:t\veen  the  Sound  and  Alii^ka.  Slie  was  laid  up  in  I'ortland  for  Hcvoral  mouths  in 
1.S74,  iui'l  waH  finally  taken  to  San  Francisco  hy  Capt.  Peter  Mackie.  In  1H75  Af;  went  North  again,  calliuK  at 
Slioalwiu-r  Uay  on  the  way  up  and  K<>i>>K  ''■'oni  tlic  Sounil  to  Alaska,  Captain  (lardiner  in  conitnaiid.  She 
contiiuml  on  the  northern  routes  in  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Steamship  C'inipaiiy,  as  the  liolladay  line  was  now 
callcil  iiiilil  1K7H,  when  she  was  purchased  by  Frank  Mariiard,  wlio  refitted  her  for  the  Coos  Hay  trade.  Imt 
,il)an<l'>iii'<l  the  route  in  iHHo  and  visited  llonululu,  faring  so  badly 
tliat  111'  aniiin  placed  her  on  the  Coos  Bay  route,  wheie  she  was  wrecked 
in  Sfiiiiiii''er,  iHKo,  soon  after  leaving  Marshfield.  The  Hiissif  I  el/air 
was  (till  hundred  and  sixty  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  ))eam,  and  ten 
fceldti'ili  of  liold,  with  engines  thirty  by  twenty  inches. 

.V  ii-gular  postal  service  was  inaugurated  on  the  Ala.ska  route  in 
iSfty  by  tlii;  steanishi|)  Conslanline.  Her  owners.  Hutchinson.  Kohl  & 
Co.,  rci-eufd  the  mail  contract  for  oiii  year,  and  in  command  of  Capt. 
Melvilli'  Krskiue  the  steamer  made  a  monthly  trip,  calling  at  Port 
Towiisiiid.  San  Juan  Island,  Tonga,  Wrangel  and  Sitka.  The  steamer 
Emma,  which  had  been  on  several  differenc  lines  out  of  Victoria,  prin 
cipally  ill  the  Ivast  Coast  trade  in  opposition  to  the  Sir  James  Ooiiglas, 
made  a  voyage  to  Alaska  for  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company.  The  /\mma 
was  biiilt  at  Victoria  by  Peter  Holmes  for  Joseph  Spratt,  then  owner  of 
the  .\lliioii  Iron  Works,  and  never  made  much  of  a  record  as  a  pas.sen- 
jjer  boat  nor  remained  long  in  any  particular  locality.  In  1H71  sht 
went  on  a  whaling  c  Mse  for  Captain  Spratt,  who  on  her  return  ^.old 
her  to  T.  J.  Ihfii..  .  i.  .S4.50C).  She  had  a  numlier  of  owners  after  that 
time,  and  in  1S81  .served  for  a  time  as  a  passenger  boat  between  \  ii- 
tnria  ami  ..'aiiaimo.  and  in  1885  she  was  towing  logs  for  the  Chenamus 
.Mills.  She  struck  a  sunken  scow  in  \'ictoria  harbor  in  i8i)i>  and  went 
to  the  bottom,  but  was  afterward  raised  and  repaired,  and  in  February, 

1S91,  while  en  toiile  from  N'ictoria  to  Nanaimo  with  two  scows  in  tow,  '•'"''■  J""*''"  x"^" 

(liirint!  a  fog  struck  a  reef  inside  of  Trial  Island,  and,  slipping  over  it,  sank  in  deep  water  and  became  a  total  loss. 
Xearly  all  of  the  pioneer  cajitains  of  the  Victoria  district  have  commanded  the  steamer,  among  them  Holmes, 
lilla.  Koyes.  Mcintosh,  Fttershank,  Douglass,  Rudlin.  Ramsey,  I.ncky,  Owen,  Iterry  and  Olaholine.  The  Yukon. 
aiiotluT  small  .steriiwheeler,  was  taken  from  San  Francisco  to  the  Yukon  River  in  1H69  by  the  brig  Comiiiodoir. 
She  was  fifty  feet  long,  eleven  feet  lieam,  and  drew  but  fifteen  inches  of  water.  She  was  put  together  after 
reaching  her  destination  and  was  run  by  Capt.  VV.  II.  Fjinis,  making  her  initial  trip  July  4th,  with  a  party  of 
the  United  States  boundary  .survey,  up  the  river  from  St.  Michaels. 

The  whaling  and  fishing  industry  in  the  Northwest  was  becoming  of  value  to  I'uget  Sound  and  British 
Cohinibia,  and  the  .schooner  Kate  /)i>ui>/<is  made  a  short  cruise  to  Cortez  Island  and  returned  to  Victoria  with  one 
hniulrcd  and  fifty  barrels  of  oil.  The  schooner  S/wo/int,"  Star  arrived  at  Port  Townsend  in  November  with 
25.001)  i-odfi.sh,  the  first  cargo  of  this  kind  to  enter  Puget  Sound.  The  greater  part  of  this  industry  was  still  in 
the  hands  of  San  Francisco  people.  The  schooner  Arhona,  Captain  Henderson,''  who  is  said  to  have  been  the 
pioneer  in  this  business,  took  4.s,>>k)  fish  ofT  the  Choumagin  Islands  on  one  trip  in  iSfuj.     Other  San  Franci.sco 

The  iicxl  few  montlis  were  iipeiit  on  the  lug  Fearless,  on  Coos  Hay  t)ar.  I)ut,  in  tlie  spring  m'  iHfi2.  he  went  to  the  Salmon  River 
minus  in  Iilalio.  This  was  an  unsnccessfnl  ventnre,  so  llie  Captain  retnrntil  to  San  I'ranci.sco  in  I  ictolier,  and  spiiit  llie  winter  in  the 
roal  anil  lumber  trade  between  San  I'raniisi-o  and  Pn^el  Sound.  Tlie  followinK  summer  four  San  I'rancisro  pilot.s  iKUiglit  the 
pilolliual  /hiiiie/  H'ebsler  and  went  into  business  at  the  mouth  of  the  YaUK-tse  Kiang.  Captain  Rogers  was  eMi|>l(>yed  as  sailiuK 
muter  and  look  tile  ves.sel  to  Sliaiigliai,  where  he  left  her  to  enter  the  ICiikHsIi  service  as  inspeitor  of  LMisl<nns.  I'pou  ilie  breaking 
oiitof  ihe  cholera,  he  sailed  from  Shanghai  on  the  venerable  ship  /<>A«  /ill'.  Trouble  arose  between  the  Captain  ami  bis  passengers, 
anil  the  vessel  put  into  Yokohama,  where  the  American  consul  took  tile  master  and  mate  off  and  apiioiuted  others  in  llieir  stead. 
Captain  Rogers  became  mate,  and,  after  reaching  San  I'rancisco,  struck  out  for  the  mines  at  Virginia  City  ;  but  a  disastrous 
experience  forced  him  to  return  again  t;-!  the  sea,  K.^d  in  1S64  he  entered  the  employ  of  Captain  Kenliui  as  master  of  the  bark 
Xiiliumiriii;.  and  later  of  the  barks  Scot/ant/.  Uiiiitsville  anil  Oakhill.  In  |S6S)  he  was  employed  by  Jacob  Kanini  to  lake  charge  of 
the  Cyixf  S.  Wtiglil.  and,  when  Hen  liolladay  bought  the  ves.sel  in  1869,  Captain  Rogers  was  transferred  lo  tile  sleaniers  (fiissie 
Telftiii  mill  I.illle  Culifmnia.  which  he  ran  for  two  years  on  the  Alaska  mail  route.  In  the  latter  part  of  i.Sji  be  again  abandoned 
tlie  sea,  and,  with  J(din  Nation,  starteil  a  brass  foundry,  which  burne<)  within  a  year.  He  subsciineiilly  returned  to  his  old  vocation, 
serving  a>  male  on  the  Garihnliii.  runiiiug  to  China  A  year  later  he  took  command  of  the  siiip  I'nihh  Talhol  at  San  I'rancisco. 
which  lie  sailed  in  the  coasliug  traile  until  August.  1S75,  when  he  came  lo  Seattle,  where  he  has  since  resiile<l.  lie  was  burned  out 
iluring  llif  fire  of  18S9,  ami  in  July  of  that  year  was  appointeil  harbor  master. 

■  Ciipl.  William  IlemlerHoii  was  bom  in  Glasgow,  Scotlauil,  in  iS.V'i.  and  went  loaea  at  the  age  of  thirteen.  A(\er  two  years 
as  an  apprentice  he  left  the  ship  at  Sau  Francisco  in  1H52  and  made  a  trip  to  China  on  the  .\merican  dijijier  Comet,  subsequently 
Koin^  with  her  to  New  York  and  thence  back  to  San  i'rancisco.  where  he  shipped  on  the  old  steamship  f  oltimbiii  .is  a  sailor  with 
Capt.  William  Dell,  remaining,  however,  only  a  few  months.  He  afterward,  made  several  voyages  around  the  Horn,  in  I.Sj.S  joiued  the 
bark  ./),  Iiil,;t  in  the  coa.sting  trade,  and  soon  afterward  went  into  the  tisliiiig  industry.  He  was  mate  for  nearly  three  years  on  the 
iihooncr  liiziiiia  with  Captain  Rutherford,  and.  oil  the  death  of  the  latter,  took  command  of  the  steamer,  retaining  Ibis  position 
lor  twi.1  years  and  a  half.  He  was  also  on  the  bark  O'oldtiiinter  for  a  season,  fishing  in  the  Okhotsk  Sea.  He  couimenced 
running  ni  the  .\laska  fishing  trade  ill  1867,  ond  followed  it  for  nineteen  years,  eleven  of  wliich  were  spent  ill  charge  of  the  steamer 
Wild  (,'  K/le.  which  was  lost  a  vear  later  In  1874  'i*!  built  a  fishing  ami  trading  steamer  at  Pilot  Cove.  In  1HS7  Captain  Heuilerson 
retired  Iumii  the  Alaska  fishing  iiusines.'i,  and  since  then  has  commaiided  the  schooner  O'oliteii  Fleeie,  the  barkeiitine  Cuinlilnlion 
anil  the  I   iiruiasted  schooner  /('A'/  A  Tallant,  built  by  ..ini  at  Oakl  ind  in  1S91.  and  in  which  he  owns  an  interest. 


t  ■ 


3    ! 


176 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


i ' 


!: 


schooners  and  their  cntches  were  as  follows  :  /.  //.  Rosroe,  45,000  ;  5.  //.  Merrill,  45,000  ;  Amanda  .Igcr,  ;s.tX)o; 
Wild  Gazelle,  37,000;  Mary  Zc>' iyr,  24,cxx} ;  Porpoise,  36,000;  Sarah  Louise.  29,000;  Daisy,  13,000;  Potter, 
21,000;  and  Scotland,  40,000. 

The  Victoria  was  a  fine  steamer,  one  hundred  and  sixteen  feet  long  and  twenty-three  feet  beam,  Imilt  011 
the  upper  Fraser  by  Mr.  Trahey  for  Edgar  Marvin,  to  run  from  Big  Bar  to  Quesnelmouth.  She  was  fitttil  with 
the  engines  and  lioilers  from  the  Lilloet  Lake  steamer  Prince  of  Wales,  and  began  running  soon  after  .slie  was 
launched  in  May,  continuing  on  her  original  route,  except  at  intervals,  until  1879,  when  she  was  purchased  by 
Capt  John  Irving.  The  Hud.son's  Bay  Company  made  an  effort  to  bring  their  steamer  Martin  from  Kaniloops 
Lake  to  the  Thompson  River,  but  were  forced  to  abandon  the  idea,  and  she  was  left  to  await  an  influx  of  settlers 
to  supply  her  with  business  in  after  years.  Two  well  known  Government  vessels  were  sold  at  auction  in  1x69. 
presumably  to  enter  the  merchant  service.  One  of  them,  the  United  States  revenue  cutter/oc  Lane,  lulfillcd 
expectations,  her  new  owner,  J.  Boscowitz,  converting  her  into  a  handy  little  schooner,  which  he  named  the 
//.  M.  Hutchinson  ,■  the  other  was  the  British  gunboat  Forward,  which  for  years  had  led  a  prosaic  life,  kiokiiig 
after  Briti.sh  interests  in  Northern  waters.  She  was  bought  by  Millard  &  Beedy  of  Victoria  for  $7,oa)  anil  was 
taken  to  San  Franci.sco  by  Captain  Sutton,  and  in  the  Bay  City  fitted  out  as  a  Central  American  gunboat,  ,Soon 
after  leaving  port  .she  turned  pirate,  and,  flying  the  Salvadorean  flag,  in  command  of  the  notorious  \'isc>iyiio, 
bombarded  and   looted   the  city  of  Guaymas  and    seized  the  coasters  San  Pablo  and    Colima.      The  Mexican 

Government  asked  assistance  from  both  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain,  and  vessels  were  .sent  out  to  capture  the  privateer.  After 
plundering  Guaymas  she  started  up  the  Teacapan  River,  where  she 
was  soon  followed  by  a  detachment  from  the  United  States  steamship 
Mohican.  As  it  was  thought  she  would  go  but  a  short  distance,  the 
Mohican  did  not  follow,  but  sent  six  boats  with  a  twelvepouiid 
howitzer  and  eighty-eight  men,  who  pursued  her  for  forty  miles  and 
at  last  found  her  hard  aground,  with  nearly  all  of  the  pirates  behind 
a  battery  which  they  had  erected  on  shore.  Fire  was  immediately 
opened  on  the  .1/ohican's  force,  and  Coxswain  James  Donnell  and 
Knsign  Wainwright  were  killed  and  six  men  wounded.  Lieutenant 
Bronson  of  the  Mohican  then  boarded  the  old  gunboat,  and,  thinking 
it  impossible  to  get  her  down  the  river,  broke  her  engines  to  pieces 
and  burned  her  to  the  water's  edge.  But  six  men  were  captured  on 
board,  and  they  were  turned  over  to  the  Mexican  authorities. 

Ksquimalt  received  a  visit  from  two  French  war  vessels  in 
i,S69,  the  frigate  La  Strcc,  Commander  Pique,  and  the  gunboat 
Lamothcpiquct,  Commander  St.  Hilliare.  H.  B.  M.  ships  Cluirybidn 
and  Satellite  and  H.  B.  M.  gunboat  /io.xcr  were  stationed  at  Ksiiiiinialt 
when  the  Frenchmen  arrived,  and  the  representatives  of  the  two 
great  nations  extended  due  courtesies  to  each  other.  The  steamer 
Leviathan,  which  had  been  used  as  a  private  yacht  by  the  Govern- 
ment authorities  at  Victoria,  was  sold  at  auction  in  Novemlier  to 
Edgar  Marvin  for  $1,320. 

The  numerous  shipwrecks  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River,  and  the  increasing  commerce,  at  last  had 
the  effect  of  securinji;  aid  from  the  State  for  tlu-  maintenance  of  a  tugboat  on  the  bar.  Capt.  Paul  Corno's 
experience  with  the  Rabboni  was  far  from  pleasant  or  profitable,  but,  in  the  light  of  subsequent  events,  he  might 
almost  be  regarded  as  u  martyr.  He  demonstrated  the  value  of  a  tug  at  that  point,  although  his  efforts  were  not 
appreciated  until  too  late  to  be  of  service  to  him.  However,  in  i.Sfig  the  Oregon  Legislature  passed  an  act 
appropriating  a  subsidy  of  $30,000  to  any  one  who  would  establish  a  tugboat  .service  on  the  bar  and  maintain  it 
for  five  years.  This  subsidy  was  to  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  $1,000  per  month  for  the  first  year,  $500  for  the  second, 
and  thus  decreasing  until  the  $30,000  had  been  expended  at  the  expiration  of  the  .specified  time.  Capt.  George 
Flavel,  who  had  enjoyed  practically  a  monopoly  of  the  pilotage  business  almost  from  its  inception,  accepted  the 
offer  and  at  once  began  work  on  the  steam  tug  Astoria.  She  was  built  in  San  Franci.sco,  at  a  cost  of  $40,000. 
under  the  direction  of  Capt.  A.  NL  Simpson,"  who  was  also  one  of  her  proprietors.  Captain  Flavel  owned 
one-half  of  the  steamer,  and  Simpson,  A.  Crosby,  A.  C.  Farnsworth  and  A.  D.  Wass  the  remaining  interests     The 


Cai'T.  Wii  r.i.\M  Hkmu-:bson 


Im  il 


"Capt.  A.  M.  Simpson  was  born  in  Brunswick,  Me.,  in  i8i6,  and  in  1850  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  the  first  v 
which  he  was  intcresteil  was  the  ship  lliriiiiiif;lia>n:  l)nt,  having  little  faith  in  the  future  of  tlie  local  marine  busine.ss,  hi- 
tier  Kasl  in  tile  fall.  While  olTthe  .South  .■\uicrican  co.ist  the  mniiiiigliaiii  coUideil  with  an  English  ship  and  was  so  badly  il 
thai  slie  put  into  Valparaiso,  where  she  was  condemned  and  sold.  Captain  Simpson's  first  coasting;  vessel  was  the  bri^;  Ttiiqu 
was  also  interested  in  the  Qiiadraliis  and  I'otoiiiac,  liotli  well  known  ni  early  days.  Since  kSso  Captain  Simpson  has  been 
adding  to  his  fleet,  and  since  thai  time  has  owned  all  or  a  coutrolliuK  interest  in  more  coasting  vessels  than  any  oilier  iiidiv 
firm  operating  nil  the  Pacific  Coast.  He  placed  the  pioneer  lug  on  Coos  Hay  bar  and  the  first  to  remain  perniauentlx 
Columbia  River  bar,  and  at  the  present  time  owns  the  tugs  .isloiiii,  Cotiiiiifiia.  Travelci.  1^ inter,  L'ruiset,  Hunter,  and  ovei 
of  sailing  vessels.  It  wonlil  be  impossible  to  particulari/.e  Mr.  Simpson's  many  marine  enterprises,  as  they  have  formed  by  11 
a  small  portion  of  the  marine  history  of  the  Northwest,  ami  will  be  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  svork. 


I  -scl  ill 

..t.irleil 

itiianfil 

,j.   He 

..'eadily 

;  :iial  or 

,11  tlie 

;  score 

,  means 


7/?('  Alaska  Purchasr,  Advent  of  Many  Fine  Steamers  on  Paget  Sound 


'// 


L'AI'T     KKIC   J0HNW)N 


iliiiU'iiM  'ii-i  <if  lliL'  liiK  were  :  leiigtli,  oir'  hutidred  and  one  feet ;  beam,  twenty-four  feet  ;  depth  of  hold,  nine  feet 

six  iiK'lKs;  engines  from  the  ohl  Pngit  Sound  steamer  Constilntioii,  tliirtyfonr  by  thirty-four  inches,  with   a 

tubular  lioiler,  eighteen  feet  long  and  seven   feet  six  inches  in  diameter.     She  was  schooner  rigged,   with  no 

pilot-hou.se.  Captain  Snow  was  first  in  command,  with  John  C. 
Dorcy,  engineer.  She  arrived  at  Astoria  in  December,  and  her  initial 
work  was  towing  the  schooners  I/iimboldt,  .l/nrv  ./.  Cliiiloii  and  liill 
from  Astoria  across  Cathlamet  Hay.  The  bar  pilots  carried  on  the 
tug  were  permitted  to  charge  a  rate  of  $8  per  foot  on  vessels  drawing 
twelve  feet,  and  5io  for  each  additional  foot  beyond  that  draft.  The 
tug  proved  profitable  almost  from  the  start  in  the  first  two  years  of 
her  existence,  receiving,  among  other  perquisites,  5,S.i't«'  salvage  for 
towing  the  Falkenbeix  off  a  spit  it  the  mouth  of  the  river.  The 
Astoria  continued  running  until  i8.S4,  when  she  was  .sent  to  San 
Franei.sco,  where  her  machinery  was  removed  and  the  hull  rigged  as 
a  schooner  by  W.  C.  Woods,  who  .sent  her  on  a  cruise  to  the  South 
vSea  Islands.  Captain  Snow  ran  the  tug  until  1S74,  when  she  was 
taken  by  Captain  Wass.  Following  him  as  master  were  Mric 
John.son,"  M.  I).  Staples,  Dan  .Mc\'icar,  Alexander  Malcolm  and 
George  C.   Flavel. 

The  new  tug  .Istorui.  which  succeeded  the  |)ioneer,  is  still 
running,  and  is  owned  by  A.  M.  Simpson.  Another  fine  bar  tug,  the 
/i.uorl.  was  completed  at  Marshfield,  Or.,  in  1869.  She  was  built  by 
John  n.  Howlett  and  Capt.  James  Ma  ree  '  from  a  model  by  J. 
Pershbaker,  who  was  one  of  her   owners,   Howard    it    Pool,  of  the 

Cons  Hav  Coal   Mines,  being  interested  with  them.     The   /istorl  went  to  San   Francisco  under  sail,  was  there 

-.iipplieil  with  engines  by  John  I<ockhead,  and  made  her  trial  trip  February  16th.     Her  dimensions  were  :  length, 

eighty -eight  feet  ;  beam,  twenty-one  feet ;  depth,  nine  feet.     Capt.  I'arker  Hutler  was  her  first  master,  and  David  I. 

De  Liiuiiay  ''  was  one  of  her  earliest  engineers.     A  diminutive  tow- 

bo.il,  named  the  VVfh/ool  No.  2,  w.is  built  at   Portland  in   i.Hf>9  for 

Limhert   and    Ham,   who   ran    ,vitli    her   as   captain    and    engineer 

re.'pedively.    She  was  a  propeller  with  an  ,s  x  12  inch  engine,  and  was 

shiirt-livid.     The  ytary  Hell,  a  steamer  launched  in   iS6y  by  Capt. 

Robert  C.  Smith  to  run  as  an  opposition  boat  on  the  Astoria  route, 

was  alioul  one  hundred  feet  long  and  eighteen  feet  beam,  and  was 

"Cu]it.  Kric  Johnson  of  .\storia  was  horn  in  .Sweden  ill  1S47  iiinl  came  to 
ihe  liiiUil  Sl.itcs  wlii-n  a  hoy.  He  sailed  on  the  .\Uantie  for  several  years, 
ruachinn  S;oi  Kr.ini-iseo  early  in  the  sixties  .iml  eontlnniiij;  in  the  trade  hetween 
tlKit  cily  ,Mid  New  York  nntil  iSh.^,  when  he  went  from  San  I'rancisco  to  Mohile 
.mil  joiiu  1  llie  'iiited  States  K'mhoat  Tiinnisct:  on  which  he  served  nntil  the 
iiiil  of  till-  «Hr,  when  he  letnrned  to  the  Pacific  Coast  and  he«an  niniiinH  on  the 
olilliiirk  A'.iDiin:  then  in  the  I'uHet  Sound  liimher  trade.  He  left  the  /\\iiiii,r 
10  sail  llic  smilheni  coast  in  the  schooner  //.  A.  I'i(iii,-i.  and  in  1S67  went  to  the 
Cohiuiliiii  :uiil  joined  (he  pilot  schooner  i'lili/iti nin.  reniainiiij;  with  her  three 
uars.  wlicM  heWciit  as  second  male  on  the  steamship  Cnlil\itiiia.  After  a  few 
iiiciiiths  111  lliis  work  he  returned  to  the  Columliia  Kiver,  piloliiiK  on  the  liar  and 
ruiiiiiiii;  tiii^tiii.its,  meeting  with  success  in  liotli  callings  for  an  nninlerrupted 
I'triod  ol  cii;lileen  years,  ilnvinn  which  he  witnesseil  many  disasters  ami  in  more 
iliaii  (iiii-  instance  was  the  means  of  saving  life  hy  his  timely  arrival  with  his 
liinlicMi  ,11  the  scene  of  tin  wrecks.  When  the  fnion  Pacific  touk  ch.irne  of  the 
triwiii^  tiu^iiiess  on  the  har.  Cajitain  Johnson  was  ^iven  command  of  the  tii^ 
l-'siitil  .iiiil  ran  her  for  si>  years,  leaviiiK  her  a  short  time  a^o  to  take  one  of  the 
romiMiiy's  river  steamers 

Capt.  James  Mngec  of  lunpire  Cily,  Or.,  was  horn  in  Ireland  in  iS)! 
anil  tn'i::iii  sailinj;  oin  of  liritisli  ports  in  the  coastiiiK  trade  when  a  hoy.  In 
i.S.ih  he  «.is  DM  the  hark  (',i//iiii>ic,  from  Cardiff,  Wa'.es,  for  .New  Vork,  when 
she  ccilli.li-d  Willi  the  hark  U11//11  of  I.iver|iool,  one  hiindreil  miles  west  of  the 
itraiiil  H.iiiks.  The  Ctt/lh  liui-  sank  immediately,  and  Mctiee  and  others  were 
liiikeil  ii|i  In  the  Jftil/ii  and  transferred  to  a  lisliiiiH  smack,  which  landed  them  at  I'roviiicetowii.  SlaK"'  sailed  out  of  this  port  lor 
two  year--  coastiii>i  and  fishing,  and  in  1S59  went  to  New  \"ork  to  learn  shiphnildiii);,  where  he  remained  for  four  years,  then 
saiUil  I,, I  i:iiylaiiil  and  from  there  lo  .\iistialia  In  the  spriii),'  of  i.Sh;  he  arrived  in  .San  l-'raiicisco  ind  worked  lor  three  months 
on  the  sii  unship  (>n:ii/'ti,  then  heiii^  relniill.  He  was  next  emjiloyeil  hy  John  I'ershhaker  lo  ^t>  to  Coos  Hay  and  i-rect  a  sawmill, 
and  wliilr  there  he  coiistriicled  the  Inj;  /■'s,i>i/  Xo.  /,  schooners  Slii:;lii>ii>iil,  /.iiiiiu-  Mniii\t<>i,  and  lviiiilh<:\  He  snlisei|neiitly 
IioukIu  tin-  l.;in  IJti  I).  A'iv</.t.  which  was  sunk  in  eleven  fatlnmis  of  water  inside  the  Coos  Hay  liar,  and,  after  siieiidiii>;  four  moiilhs 
in  aUeui|iiin),'  to  raise  her,  the  vessel  was  ahaniloneil.  and  he  took  commaiid  of  the  In^;  h'swil  in  May,  1S711,  and  ran  her  until  she 
lilew  11)1  ni  llie  winter  of  1.SS7.  .-M'ter  the  explosion  he  entered  the  service  of  .\.  M.  .Simpson,  rnniiiiiK  the  tnj;  Coliimbiii  lor  three 
years,  an  I  •  oiiiH  from  her  to  the  tnj;  lliiiilri,  on  which  he  remained  until  Septeniher,  i.Sgi,  leaving  her  to  take  a  coaslinn  sleainei. 

I'l.id  1.  I)e  I.aiinay,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Illinois  in  1.S411.  He  first  eiilered  his  profession  in  |S(>2  on  the  I'mpipia  Kiver, 
ivlierc  Ik-  ran  for  twelve  years  on  the  little  iron  steamer  II'iii/ii'iii;/i'ii.  l''roiii  the  ll'asliiiii;h»i  he  went  to  the  tun  /■•'w'"'/.  on  Coos 
Bay  liar,  ii  iviii);  her  to  n<i  on  the  AVvkV  A'd.  -",  where  he  remained  for  three  years.  He  was  then  on  the  tiiu  J/nxii/  at  I'ort 
rownseii'  ,iiid  als<i  on  the  steamers  A".  //'.  /'iinliv,  .  l/iir  Hhuii  linnl,  and  A'.  /'.  7iliiii>ii\  haviii);  visited  .Alaska  twice  on  ihe  two 
last  iiieiii:nncd.  His  last  steamer  hefore  leaving  the  water  was  the  /(i//7X-tV\X'r,  on  which  he  remained  ei^^hl  inontlis.  Mr. 
he  I. anil      is  now  living  at  I'ort  .\nj;eles,  where  he  is  foreman  in  the  mill. 


CAi-r.  j.AMi-s  M*  . 


!li   I 

I 

! 


[' 


m 


\   '  •m 


tjB 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marina  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


'%\ 


too  slow  and  feeble  to  be  remunerative.  She  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  United  States  marshal  and  was  purchased 
in  March,  1871,  for  $1,100  by  N.  R.  Smith,  who  put  her  on  the  Cowlitz  route  in  November.  In  1872  she  was 
running  to  Cathlamet  and  Oak  I'oint  from  Portland  in  command  of  Capt.  James  I'i.sher,.  but  was  ajfain  sold,  this 
time  to  John  Marshall,  who  operated  her  as  a  towboat  until  the  following  year,  when  she  became  the  pioin-rty  01 
George  W.  Hume,  who  used  the  hull  for  a  wharf 

TheTualitin  River  Navigation  &  Manufacturing  Company  was  organized  in  1869:  \\.  I).  Hare,  pn-sidem 
W.  S.  Failing,  .secretary;  Capt.  Joseph  Kellogg,  Orrin  Kellogg,  J.  M.  Mi)ore,  and  Capt.  J.  1).  Mirrymaii 
director.-,.  They  built  the  steam  .scow  Henrietta  at  Colfax,  and  ran  her  on  Sucker  Lake  to  connect  with  Kellogg, 
steamer  Onward  on  the  Tualitin  River.  The  Henrietta  was  not  very  profitable,  and  was  .sold  to  VV.  J.  .Neilswi 
in  1873  and  placed  on  the  Willamette,  where  .she  continued  jobbing  until  1S79  The  Long  Tom  Transporl.iticn 
Company,  the  principal  members  of  which  were  Captain  Swain,  H.  Hendrix,  C.  Adams,  and  S.  U.  Woodliur 
was  another  marine  venture  of  i.srit).  They  bought  the  steamer  Ann,  which  had  come  over  the  Cascades  a  few 
years  before  under  the  name  Leiciston.  Aaron  Vickers  was  master,  and  she  made  her  first  trip  up  the  I/ni),'  Tom 
River,  February  17th,  going  as  far  as  Monroe.  She  ran  there  until  April,  when  she  sank  between  Harrisburg  and 
Eulery's  Landing  with  one  thousand  bushels  of  wheat  for  the  Willamette  Wool  Company,  and  became  a  tolil 
loss.  The  Ann.  or  /.e<ciston,  was  seventy-eight  feet  long,  fourteen  feet  beam,  with  engines  eight  by  forlytwo 
inches,  and  is  remembered  by  Willamette  River  navigators  as  the  first  steamer  on  the  Long  Tom  River. 

The  California,  Oregon  &   Mexico  Steamship  Company  was  reorganized   in   1869  as  the  Norlli  Pacific 

Transportation  Company,  which  began  business  in  May  with  the 
following  vessels :  Aetive,  John  L.  Steftliens.  .Uoses  Taylor,  ()i///,uiim,. 
Ihizaba,  Paeifie,  Panama,  Senator,  Sierra  Xeiuuia,  A /as,  (.'iiliioniin. 
Continental,  Gnssie  Telfair,  Idaho,  Montana  and  Pelieaii.  The  capi- 
talization of  the  company  was  55.000,000.  divided  into  51 1.01  »>  shares, 
and  in  July  the  following  officers  were  elected:  Ken  Unll.iday, 
president;  William  Norris,  vice-president :  C.J.  Brenham,  .secretary ; 
Lloyd  Tevis,  A.  Hayward,  S.  F.  Butterworth,  W.  C.  Ralston,  and 
W.  F.  Babcock,  directors.  When  the  organization  was  perfected,  Ilk- 
steamship  magnates  and  their  friends  embarked  on  the  Ori/hiinmc  mi 
m.ade  a  tour  of  the  Xcjrthern  routes.  The  flfoses  Taylor,  freciuently 
alluded  to  as  the  Rollini;  Afose.<:,  was  one  of  Holladay's  recent  acijnisi- 
tions,  and  made  her  initial  trip  to  the  Northwest  in  July,  i.Soq.  She 
was  built  at  New  York  in  i8sS  and  came  to  San  Francisco  in  iSfq, 
making  her  first  voyage  south  from  the  B;iy  City  in  December,  conlin- 
uing  in  this  service  the  greater  part  of  the  time.  She  was  two  hundred 
and  fifty  feet  long,  thirty-six  feet  beam,  and  twenty-two  feet  hold,  and 
cost  $250,000.  Captain  Metzger  was  in  command  when  she  began 
running  north.  The  steamship  .Montana,  Captain  Holies,  Kngineer 
Winning,*  was  also  running  between  San  Franci.sco  and  the  C.ihnnhia 
River.  The  steam  r  /<'//«  A.  Stephens,  while  on  a  visit  to  Alaska,  was 
seized  at  Sitka  by  Collector  Ketclium,  who  had  been  compelled  to  p,iy 
his  fare  and  in  revenge  detained  the  steamer  on  a  technical  charge. 
The  steamship  George  S.  Wright,  which  had  been  in  the  Northern  trade  in  command  of  Capt.  N.  L.  Rogers,  was 
sold  in  November  to  the  North  Pacific  Transportation  Company,  filling  a  vacancy  in  the  HoUaday  steam  fleet 
made  by  the  steam.ship  Oregon,  which  had  been  dispo.sed  of  to  Adams,  Hlinn  &  Co.,  who  converted  her  into  .1 
lumber  bark.  The  steamship  Fidelater  was  confiscated  by  the  Government  for  alleged  fraud  in  connection  with 
her  enrollment  under  American  colors  at  the  time  cf  the  Alaska  i)urchase. 

Six  sailing  ves.sels  reached  Portland  direct  from  New  York  in  Mercer's  line,  and  the  bark  Walter  Raleigh 
arrived  from  the  .same  port  under  the  flag  of  Comstock's  Dispatch  Line.  Mercer's  vessels  included  llie  hark 
Hattie  C.  liesse,  the  first  fourmaster  to  enter  the  Columbia  River,  the  bark  .1/nldoon,  barkentine  A.  //eal.'n.  Iwrlcs 
Osmyn,  Adeline  Eluood,  Edward  James  and  Ida  I'.  Taylor.  The  Adeline  T.lwood  was  chartered  on  arrival  by 
Corbett  &  Macleay  to  load  wheat  for  Liverpool,  and  was  the  .second  vessel  in  this  trade.  She  al.so  l'>ok  one 
hundred  cases  of  salmon,  with  a  view  to  introducing  it  to  the  linglish  market,  and  a  pair  of  elk  horns  for  the 
Royal  Botanical  Gardens  of  London.     The  Edward  James  was  bought  by  James  B.  Stephens,  A.  \L  Lory  ea  and 

*  E.  S.  Winning,  enKineer,  was  born  on  .Slatcn  Island  in  1837,  ami  his  first  murine  experience  was  on  llie  steamer  ( '  'Jiimhi 
iu  1S54,  running  between  Staten  Island  and  New  York  in  opposition  to  the  Vanderbilt  Inic.  He  was  next  on  the  yacht  /  /'  '/i,  «"'' 
in  December,  1S55,  went  to  Panama,  where  he  joined  the  steamship  {1re,i;oH,  leaving  her  in  a  few  nionllis  for  the  h'epiibli  ihen  im 
the  Portland  route.  He  was  afterward  on  tlie  steamship  Colden  .  Ii;e  rnnning  to  Panama  for  two  years,  and  came  l«i'  <  tii  llie 
nortliern  lines  on  the  California,  A'ort/ierner,  Santa  Cruz,  Pari  fie  and  Hrolher  Jonulhan,  serving  on  the  I'anfii  for  two  ^  irs.  I" 
1868  he  joined  the  steamship  Sanla  Cms  as  secon.l  engineer,  and  the  following  year  was  appointed  chief  of  the  .Uoii/tiini.  vliire  lit 
remained  until  1870,  and  was  then  transferred  to  the  .Santa  Cruz,  where  lie  worked  as  chief  engineer  for  a  decade.  In  1S81'  1  a- joined 
the  steamer  Alexander  Duncan,  on  which  he  served  for  three  years,  le.-iving  her  to  take  his  present  position  as  chief  engim  r  of  the 
steamship  Honila.  During  his  long  career  on  the  Coast,  Mr.  Winning  has  participated  in  .some  very  exciting  scenes.  He  w  is  or.  tlie 
Pacifif  when  she  sank  in  the  Columbia  River  iu  1H61,  and  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  Waihington  when  she  struck  a  rock  liny  miles 
below  Acapulcu. 


E.  S.  WlNNINli 


The  Alaska  Purchase,  Advent  of  Many  Fine  Steamers  on  Paget  Sound 


179 


Walter  Moffitt  of  Portland,  and  by  them  placed  in  the  Portland  and  China  trade.  She  afterward  loaded  lumber 
on  I'ligti  Sound,  and  returned  from  China  in  1872  with  three  hundred  and  eighty  Chinese.  In  1879  she  was  sold 
to  Henr\  Cornwell,  who  registered  her  under  the  Hawaiian  flag  and  named  her  the  Liliii.  The  business 
of  transiinrting  Chine.se  from  the  Flowery  Kingdom  to  our  shores  by  .sailing  vessels,  inaugurated  the  preceding 
vcar  b_\-  t'lic  French  ship  Jennie  Alice,  was  continued  by  the  Dutch  bark  Andrea,  Captain  Peters,  and  the  bark 
Oiiwanl.  Captain  White,  which  arrived  in  the  summer  with  several  hundred  celestials.  Puget  Sound  again 
exhil)iteil  licr  unsurpassed  facilities  for  fine  marine  work  by  increasing  the  coasting  fleet  with  the  barks  /'oirsl 
Oiiecii  and  Tidal  Wave.  The  former  was  built  at  Port  I.udlow,  and  registered  five  hundred  and  eleven  tons,  with 
the  folliiuiiig  dimensions  :  length,  one  hundred  and  seventy-two  feet ;  beam,  thirty-.seven  feet  ;  depth,  tliirteen 
feet  six  inches.  The  other  was  launched  at  Port  Madi.son  in  April.  Her  dimensions  were  :  Iennt)i,  one  hundred 
and  sixty-one  feet;  beam,  thirty-seven  feet;  depth,  thirteen  feet  .seven  inches; 
registered  tonnage,  net,  five  hundred  and  .seventy-three  tons.  A  fine  .schooner  called 
the  Chilli  Light  was  al.so  conipleted  at  Steilacoom  in  i.Sfig  for  Capt.  S.  C.  Mitchell.'" 

Among  the  lumber  fleet  loading  on  the  Sound  in  iSfxj  was  the  largest  carrier 
wliicli  had  yet  appeared  in  the  Northwest,  the  Creal  Nefiiihlie,  a  ship  constructed  by 
ihe  Freiicii  Government  for  transport  service  during  the  Mexican  invasion.  She 
sailed  from  the  Sound  for  Callao  with  1,700,000  feet  of  lumber  and  300  cords  of  wood. 
Cemeiitville,  a  small  settlement  on  the  north  side  of  the  Columbia  River  opposite 
.\storia,  wliich  in  after  years  under  the  name  Kua])pton  became  a  noted  lumber- 
shipping;  port,  dispatched  its  first  cargo  to  San  Francisco  in  September,  the  bark 
W'liislUr.  Captain  Simpson,  having  the  honor  as  the  ])ioneer  at  that  point.  The 
sailing  lleet,  coastwi.se  and  foreign,  was  much  the  .same  as  the  previous  year.  The 
Lady  Liiiii/'son.  Captain  Gaudin,  and  other  vessels  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company, 
arrived  on  their  annual  trips  from  England,  and  a  few  others  came  from  foreign 
ports,  Tlie  I'nited  States  surveying  schooner  Humboldt  made  a  careful  examination 
of  the  cliamiels  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  George  W.  Wood  .acting  as  pilot.  '^"'^  **  '^    I'tcim  i.i. 

Over  a  score  of  lives  and  much  valuable  property  was  sacrificed  by  the  marine  disasters  of  i.i,''-).  The 
first  of  the  fleet  to  make  port  with  Davy  Jones  was  the  Shoalwater  Bay  schooner  Anna  ('.  .Anderson,  which  sailed 
from  Oysterville  early  in  the  year  with  a  cargo  of  oysters  for  San  F'rancisco  and  was  never  heard  from.  She 
was  ill  command  of  Capt.  W.  H.  .Stapleford  and  was  owned  by  John  and  Thomas  Crellin  of  Oysterville  and  John 
S.  Mi.rgan  of , San  Francisco.  Owing  to  the  perishable  nature  of  the  commodity,  all  of  the  vessels  in  this  business 
were  ol)liged  to  carry  much  ,sail  and  take  unusual  chances  when  under  other  circumstances  greater  caution 
would  have  been  u.sed,  and  the  supposition  is  that  Captain  Stapleford  spread  every  stitch  of  canvas  that  his 
schooner  would  stand  up  under,  and  encountered  a  ,squall  which  capsized  her  in  an  instant.  Seven  men  were  lost 
hy  this  mishap.  A  far  worse  fate  befell  the  crew  of  the  American  bark  John  Rrii>bt,  which  struck  a  reef  near  the 
Hes(iniat  Indian  village,  a  short  distance  .south  of  Xootka.  The  bark  was  lumber-laden  from  the  Sound,  and  four 
of  the  crew  were  drowned  in  attempting  to  land  after  the  accident  happened,  a  death  which  was  pleasant  in 
cimiparisdii  with  that  which  awaited  those  who  reached  the  beach  only  to  be  iiercile.ssly  butchered  by  the 
Indians.  The  exact  date  of  the  wreck  is  not  known,  as  it  was  several  weeks  later  Ijefore  the  news  reached  the 
outside  world,  Captain  Cliristiau:;en  "  of  the  schooner  Surprise  carrying  the  first  tidings  of  the  tragedy  to  Victoria, 
March  i.^h. 

The  brig  Ida  D.  Rogers,  a  two-hundred-ton  vessel  built  at  Ivssex,  Conn.,  in  1856,  struck  on  Coos  Bay  bar 
December  islh,  while  towing  in  with  the  tug  Fearless.  The  hawser  parted,  and  she  began  leaking  rapidly  but 
worked  inside  the  bar,  where  .she  filled  almost  immediately  .iiid  went  to  the  bottom.  N.  M.  Norton  and  other  San 
Fr,mciscans  were  her  owners.  The  schooner  .ilaska.  Captain  Godfrey,  was  wrecked  011  Coquille  bar  in  December, 
while  crossing  out  lumber-laden  for  the  Sandwich  Islands.  .She  was  constructed  at  Port  Townsend  and  was 
owned  hy  Capt.    Rufus  Calhoun.     The  steamer  A'unger.   Capt.   J.   N.  Fisher,  while  on  a  trip  from  Rainier  to 

'■  Ciipt.  .S.  C.  Mitrliell  of  Alwrdeeii,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S26.  He  spent  ten  years  sailing  on  the  .-Xtlantic  Coast  and  to 
the  West  Iniliis,  anil  iliiri""  ■.,.,  n,--^  \  >• -is  shipwrecked  three  limes.  In  1S56  he  constructed  tlie  l)riK  II''.  />.  Hice  at  hnbeck.  Me., 
-111,1  in  iss;  Inok  iier  ro'*  ■  .m  v.uli  a  car>;o  of  general  uu'rcliatitlise  for  San  I'Vancisco  and  the  Sound.     He  remained  with  her 

tliret  luiiiuhs,  anil  then  took  the  brig  I'vriis.  afterward  wrecked  at  San  Jnan  in  iHiig.  He  suhseipicntly  went  Ivast  and  in  coinimny 
with  Capla.n  .Salter  l)Hilt  the  schooner  l.e^ii/  Tender  in  |,S66.  Slie  received  her  papers  January  1,  1867,  and  took  a  loail  of  wood  to 
Boston,  wlu-rc  she  ohtaineil  a  cargo  of  general  nierchamlise  for  \*ali)arHiso,  sailing  thence  to  San  I-'rancisco  and  the  .Souiiil,  wlicre 
she  loaiU'd  hiniber  for  the  Hay  City.  Captain  Mitchell  ilisposed  of  the  .schooner  and  went  to  Steilacoom,  where  he  launched  the 
schooner  (  />tra  l.ii^lit  in  1869  and  ran  her  between  the  Sound  and  ,San  Francisco  for  live  years.  In  1S75  be  bought  the  schooner 
//  /.  'I'l,  ni,in  and  operateil  her  between  Alaska,  Puget  .Sound  and  Shoalwater  Hay  until  1S81,  when  he  constructed  the  schooner 
.S(»/(i;-  A'.-r  at  ilie  lallcr  place  and  used  her  on  the  same  route,  niuking  also  a  trip  to  the  ,Soulh  Pacific  Islauils.  After  live  ve.ars  on 
the  Siiiloi  /All',  Captain  Mitchell  took  th;-  schooner  .Vi)r<'//i',  employed  her  in  the  lumber  and  coal  trade  for  fourteen  months,  and 
has  since  In  en  engaged  in  business  at  .Aberdeen, 

""C.ipt.  James  Christiansen  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1S40  and  came  to  Victoria  in  1S64  on  a  cargo  ship  from  I.iverpo,  , 
leaving  lu-r  on  arrival  and  working  a  short  time  on  shore  until  he  secured  a  berth  on  the  Snr/nise  as  male.  He  was  afterward  on 
the  sdioMiiir  .l/ert  with  Capt.  William  Spring,  and  continued  trading  on  the  west  coast  for  many  years,  having  some  narrow 
escapes  fpin  the  Indians,  who  were  very  ugly  at  this  perifid.  Karly  in  the  seventies  Captain  Christiansen  was  appointed  master  of 
the  sieanui  /,',;iver.  but  after  a  short  time  look  command  of  the  tug  /'i/n/,  going  from  her  lo  the  lugs  .llexainlei  and  Lome,  which 
he  comin  ui'lcd  until  he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position  of  pilot  for  the  Victoria  and  Nanaimo  district.  His  son,  Capt,  James 
t-hrisiian^i  I,  jr..  took  his  place  on  the  Lome  and  afterward  ran  other  lugs  at  Victoria  until  1894,  when  he  lost  his  life  with  the  rest 
of  lliccrcu  cif  the  steamer  /■'.slelle.  which  foundered  off  Cape  Mudge. 


i      ■   I 


'   r  1 '^  tl  ' 

1  I;  ih'fl 


I    \ 


:   \.    •     ' 


W'  \i 


'I    » 


^1 


i8o 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Portland,  tied  up  for  the  night  at  Sauvies  Island,  f?eptember  4th,  and,  after  banking  the  fires,  the  i-rew  and 
passengers  retired,  only  to  he  awakened  a  few  minutes  later  l)y  a  fire  wliich  had  liroken  out  under  tin.-  Ixijltrs 
and  which  liurned  the  hull  to  the  water's  edge,  the  machinery  alone  beinj;  saved  in  a  damaged  conditiun.  The 
schooner  Ltiella,  owned  by  Costello  &  Malowinski  of  N'ictoria,  was  driven  ashore  on  the  Alaskan  coast 
during  a  gale  in  May  and  became  a  complete  loss.  There  the  Hawaiian  brig  /'/W/,  Captain  Almy,  was  also 
wrecked  in  August,  the  crew  being  rescued  and  taken  to  ,San  Francisco  on  the  bark  Menshikoff'.  The  bark  11'./ 
Banks  was  lost  in  Clallam  Bay,  November  loth.  The  steamship  Siena  Nevada,  an  old-timer  on  tlie  luirtherii 
route  during  the  Fraser  excitement,  struck  a  reef  three  miles  north  of  I'edro  Blanco  while  en  roiilt  from  San 
Francisco  to  San  I<uis  Obispo  in  October,  and  twenty  minutes  later  keeled  over  and  filled  and  was  proiicmnceil  a 

total  loss.     A  derelict,  which  for  u  long  time  promised  to  rival  llic 

' '    "  famous  J'/yiiii;  Dulchman    in  its  wanderings,  was  created  when  tlit 

American  bark  Maria  /.  Sniilli,  David  Smith,  master,  lumUtr  ladci 
from  Port  Town.seud,  was  wrecked  at  the  entrance  to  Harcl:i\  Sound 
The  bark  sailed  out  of  the  harbor  on  N'ovemlier  6th  ami  pasmi 
Flattery  light  at  2;oo  i>.  m.  on  the  eighth.  At  six  o'clock  a  lieaw 
gale,  accompanied  by  a  high  .sea  from  tlie  .south  soutlieast,  struck 
the  vessel,  and  the  deckload  began  to  work  loose.  She  coinnieiicul 
to  leak  soon  afterward,  and,  as  the  wind  increased,  some  of  Irt  sail- 
were  carried  away.  When  the  blow  ea.sed  ii]),  topsails  were  linisle'i 
and  an  effort  made  to  get  away  from  land,  which  had  been  sinliu.i 
close  by.  This  proved  fruitless,  and,  while  the  doomed  vessel  drifud 
in,  the  crew  took  to  the  boats.  At  daylight  the  bark  was  resting  on 
a  reef  at  the  entrance  to  the  Sound,  full  of  water,  with  no  appareiu 
po.ssibility  of  floating  again.  The  captain,  and  his  wife  and  cliiUlren 
were  taken  to  \'ictoria  by  the  .schooner  Surprise,  Captain  I'Vancis,  and 
the  wreck  was  sold  to  Hroderick  for  $950,  the  lumber  for  $750,  and 
the  sails  for  5300.  An  attempt  to  save  the  vessel  was  at  once  made 
After  some  difficulty  she  was  floated,  and  early  in  January,  1.S70.  the 
tug  /  \'/ilko/skv  undertook  to  tow  her  to  Port  Madison  for  repairs.  .\ 
heavy  gale  struck  them  in  the  Straits,  and  the  Maria  J.  was  cut 
adrift  and  blown  out  to  sea  with  Captain  Smith  and  crew.  Twelvi 
days  afterward  she  was  abandoned,  and  the  men  were  taken  off  liy 
the  bark  Sampson  and  landed  at  Port  Townsend.  Within  a  fortnight 
the  derelict  was  sighted  off  Flattery,  and  tugs  went  out  to  tow  her  in,  but  she  had  vani.shed.  Two  months  later 
.she  was  discovered  by  some  Indians  near  Bella  Bella,  five  hundred  miles  from  where  she  was  last  .seen,  and  in  the 
latter  part  of  March  she  drifted  ashore  on  an  island  north  of  Millbank  Sound  and  soon  went  to  pieces. 

Among  the  notable  deaths  of  the  year  was  Capt.  Leon  Smith,  who  h-td  been  with  John  T.  Wright  for  many 
years.  Captain  Smith  was  murdered  by  an  Indian  in  Alaska,  Pecember  25th.  Capt.  John  Titcomb  of  Victoria 
died  July  4th.  He  was  a  native  of  the  eastern  provinces  of  Canada,  went  to  California  in  1S49  and  served  as  pilot  on 
the  steamer  Coniaiir/ie  on  the  Sacramento  River,  leaving  there  in  1.S5.S,  after  which  he  piloted  out  of  Victoria  harlmr 


Cai'T.  James  Cmristianskn 


»'    ! 


CHAPTHR     I\. 

TiiK  •  SimsiioNii's"  Snake  Rivkk  Trip — TiiK  "Oneonta"  Bkoi'diiT  to  the  Lower  River— .Steamers 
■Missori.A"  AND  "  Cabinet"  Ivnter  Pen  d'Okeim.e  Lake— The  Second  "  Vancoi-ver  "  — The 
Willamette  Xavic.ation  Company— The  Tig  "  Merkimac  "— Tiiic  "Swan's"  Trip  to  RosKnt-RO 
ON  THE  I'MpyrA — The  Steamship  "Pelican" — Steamship  'Grappi.er" — Increase  in  Foreign 
Gkain  Shipments— Pu(;et  Soind  Pkodices  Fast  Sailing  Vessels — The  "North  Pacific"  and 
'■  Zephyr" — Insi-ection  District  ICstahlishei)  on  Pri;ET  SouNn — First  Licenses  Issied — 
Steamers   "Annie    Stewart,"    "Dixie   Thompson"  and    "Emma  Hayward" — Bf.n   Hoi.ladav 

I'tRCIIASES   THE    PEOPLE'S    TRANSPORTATION    COMPANY'S    STEAMERS — ThE    WILLAMETTE    FREIGHTING 

Company— CoLUMHiA  Transportation  Company — First  Steamship  Fntekk  Rogce  River— The 
Steamship  "  Constantine  "  Rinninc;  Opposition — Hoii.er  ICxpi.osion  on  Steamer  "  ICmily 
Harris" — Wreck  op  Bark  "Hattie  Besse"  anu  Stbamer  "  U.  S.  CIrant" — Steamers  "Maidk" 
Ai.u  "  Bi.AKEi.Y  "  — Steamships  "Prince  Ali'red"  and  "  Eastport  "  —  YAgriNA  Bay  Steamer 
"Oneonta" — The  (Jregon  Steamship  Company — Puget  Soind's  Lumber  Fleet  —  Boiler 
KxPLosioN  ON  Steamer  "Resolute"  at   Portland. 

/f      7  0LUMBL\  river  steaniboating,  whicli  at  the  organization  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
l\       *           Company  was  in  the  height  of  its  glory,  retained  its  histre  until  the  decline  of  the 
niinitig  boom  in  Idaho.     Although  the  profits  were  still  enormou.->  and  the  volume  of 
business  was  increasing,  it  was  no  longer  possible  in   1.S70  for  an  upper  Columbia 
River  boat  to  earn  more  than  her  original  cost  during  a  single  trip.      The  Oregon 
Steam  Navigation  Company  commenced  to 
withdraw  their  transportation  lines  from  the 
frontier  during  this  year,  and  .several  of  their 
steamers  were  removed  to  points  nearer  civil- 
ization.     The  most  important  event  of  the  

season  was  the  trip  of  the   S/ioslioiie  down 

Snake  Rivir  canon.      The  history  of  the  building  and  abandonment 

of  this  steamer  lias  already  been  told,  but,  as  this  remarkable  voyage 

has  iitvir  been  paralleled,  more  tha.    passing  mention  of  it  will  be 

made.  CaiHain  Smith  started  for  the  lower  river  with  the  steamer, 

he  left  liei  and  reported  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  proceed  farther. 

She  was  kinporarily  abandoned,  and  Captain  Ainsworth  almost  decided 

that  she  loiild  rot  where  she  lay  ;    but  owing  to  the  heavy  expense 

incurred  in  her  construction,  and  her  utter  worthlessness  in  that  inhos- 
pitable region,  he  reconsidered  the  matter  and  in  March,  1870,  secured 

the  services  of  Capt.  Sebastian   Miller  and  Chief  Engineer  Daniel  \\. 

Ihichanan.'  sending  them  from  Portland  with  instructions  to  bring  the 

lioat  thnnigli  even  at  the  risk  of  losing  her.      They  left  Portland  on 

March  ^l^l,  anil,  after  landing  at  Umatilla,  were  compelled  to  travel 

on  bucklinirds,  sleds,  wagons,  horseback  and  afoot,  arriving  at  I'liion, 

March  jsili.      They  left  there  April  ist  and  traveled   thirteen  days 

liefore  aniving  at   Lime  Point,  and  then  proceeded  down  the  river, 

reaching  ilie  Slioslioiii-  two  days  later.      She  was  in  charge  of  two 

keepers.  Livingston  and   Smitii.      The  former  shipped  as  mate,  the 


!*  I  ■ 


-'n  im^ 


1  i 


:|  ■ 


CAt'T.    DANIKI.    I-:.    HrCMANAN 


C,  I.  Ilatiiel  \\.  Hueliaiian  was  horn  in  (Hiio  in  1.S3S.  Ilis  parents  dieil  ;UiriiiK  Iiis  oliiliiliooil,  an<1  wliilo  yet  a  t)oy  he  served 
■iiiapprnii  .  ■.liip  of  six  years  as  a  l>laeksinitli  and  inaoliinist  on  locomotive  an<l  mill  work,  coinpletin),'  what  ediu-aiion  lie  was 
iniaWeto '.;  '  when  a  oliiid  while  so  engaged.     In    the   f-prinj;   of    i.S,S9   he  jonrneyed    to  llie   I'acific  Coast  liy  way  of  the  Islhnuis, 


11 


l82 


Lewis  (J  Drydens  Marine  History  of  the  Pacifio  Northwest 


latter  as  fireman,  and  W.  F.  Hedges,  at  present  pilot  on  the  steamer  Tneoma,  was  employed  as  a  jjenctal  utilii\ 
man.  The  five  constituted  the  crew,  and  l)efore  undertaking  the  journey  the  hoat  was  thoroughly  ovi  rlhiukd 
and  the  machinery  disconnected  and  put  in  gootl  order.  The  steamer  had  l)een  constructed  Ihrou^lioiit  oi 
mountain  pine,  which  is  very  brittle  and  soft  when  seasoned.  Without  materials  with  which  to  rebuild,  .mil  with 
no  time  to  caulk  the  seams,  they  started  the  deck  pump  and  wet  down  the  hull  until  the  planking  .•iwellid 
and  closed  the  gaps.  As  the  work  progres.sed  the  water  ro.se,  and  when  it  reached  the  proper  stage  tlic\  dccidol 
to  attempt  the  run  over  Copper  Ledge  Falls,  an  obstruction  two  hundred  yards  belmv  the  .steamer,  ami  which 
Captain  Smith  had  reported  could  not  be  pa.s.sed  in  safety.  The  start  was  made  April  20th,  due  piicaution 
having  l)een  taken  against  accidents  by  placing  lighted  candles  in  the  liold,  so  that  a  leak  could  be  instantly 
detected  and  stopped.  The  plan  of  navigation  adopted  was  to  drift  with  the  engines  backing,  steering;  tlie  Ixiai 
by  the  pressure  of  the  water  against  tile  rudders.  In  approaching  the  rapids.  Captain  Miller  mi.scalcul.itcd  the 
force  of  a  large  eddy  where  the  river  was  divided  by  a  .small  i.sland  of  boulders,  and  llie  steamer  was  carried 
around  three  times  before  she  cleared  the  whirlpool,  and  when  she  finally  headed  for  the  pUnige  was  iidt  in  a 
position  to  avoid  the  rocks  in  the  middle  and  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  which  had  a  fall  of  fifteen  in  a  distance  01 
two  hundred  feet.  When  she  reached  the  declivity  the  stern  tipped  up  until  the  wheel  was  entirely  out  "I'  w.ittr 
and  the  engines  began  racing,  .so  that  when  the  wheel  took  hold  again  all  that  portion  of  it  whidi  liail  l)teii 
exposed  to  the  weather  was  destroyed,  and  was  u.seless  in  checking  the  sj)eed  of  the  steamer.  She  colliikd  with 
the  rocks  at  the  foot  of  the  falls,  carrying  away  about  eight  feet  of  the  bow,  and  the  shock  threw  the  wcij^lit  t'rora 
the  safety  valve,  allowing  the  steam  to  escape.  A  landing  was  made  as  soon  as  possible,  and  the  ctiw  were 
employed  all  day  in  repairing  the  wheel.     The  breach  in  the  bow  was  above  the  water  line,  and  tin  I'orward 

bulkhead   kept   the  water  niit.     .\\ 

nine  o'clock  the  next  nioniinj;  lluy 

again  steamed  down  the  niiixplored 

■■/  river,  passing    through    several  bad 

rapids  and  whirlpools,  into  which  the 
steamer  plunged,  deluging  tliv  decks. 
At  eleven  o'clock  they  lanili-d  near  a 
small  clump  of  trees,  which  w  ere  soon 
converted  into  fuel,  and  got  under 
way  again  at  half  past  two.  passing 
before  nightfall  some  of  the  worst 
rapids  yet  encountered,  the  water 
coming  over  the  decks  aiul  drivini; 
the  firemcti  from  the  hold.  In  the 
midst  of  the.se  obstructions  tlie  banks 
of  the  river  were  solid  walls  of  ruck. 
and  the  channel  so  narrow  that  the 
noise  of  the  nisliing  water  dniwned 
all  other  .sounds.  As  the  boat  jdtched 
over  the  declivities  and  straightened  up  again  at  the  lower  level,  the  hou.se  would  buckle  sufticiently  to  ring 
the  gong,  deceiving  the  engineer  unless  he  watched  carefully.  A  landing  was  made  at  5:00  i'.  .m.  on  the  twenty  first 
to  make  further  repairs  to  the  wheel,  which  was  patched  up  with  stage  planking  and  other  available  Innilier 
on  the  boat. 

This  work  occupied  the  men  until  the  morning  of  the  twenty-third,  at  which  time  they  again  cast  nlT  the 
lines,  but  were  compelled  to  tie  up  at  ii;i>o.\.  m.  on  account  of  the  wind,  which  prevented  the  captain  from 
keeping  the  boat  properly  headed.  On  the  twenty-fourth  another  start  was  made,  the  nature  of  the  river  ".raverscd 
being  about  the  same  as  the  day  before,  necessitating  frequent  stoppages  to  enable  lho.se  in  charge  to  K"  :diead 
and  examine  the  stream  before  proceeding  with  the  boat.  After  making  ten  miles  the  steamer  tied  up  at  tlie  base 
of  a  mountain  where  fuel  was  plentiful.  Captain  Miller  nearly  lost  his  life  at  this  place,  a  large  tree  rolliiii;  over 
on  him  and  injuring  him  .so  that  he  was  unable  to  work  the  following  day.  At  7:00  a.  m.,  .\pril  ."  ili,  the 
S/ioshoui-  entered  a  very  good  stretch  of  river,  which  they  followed  umil  nine  o'clock,  when  a  succession  .1  short 
bends  were  reached  which  would  not  permit  keeping  the  boat  pointed  with  the  current.  These  wen  jiassed 
in  safety,  however,  and  Mr.  Livingston,  who  had  been  in  that  region  before,  announced  that  they  were  inly  six 


DAt.I.BS  UF   TIIK  COLCMIIIA 


arriving  iu  Ore(;oii  in  June.     He  worked  for  11  short  time  in  llie  mills  and  on  the  ferries,  ami   in    1.S61    went  to  llie  minl■^ 
ri-tnrn  in  KS62  he  coinnienoed   stcamb<iatin>{,  ruuniiiK  Hllcnialcly   as  master  and  iMiKinucr  nf  Ibf  little  stfamcr  /;'./<.'7r,  un\ 
and  scows.     Since  that  time  he  has  lieen    employed   almost    coniimiously   in   (lilVcrcnl   Dranclies  of  the  business.     After  ni. 
famous  trip  on  the  Shoihone,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  tv    ernmeut  in  the  euKiiiecriuK  depart ment.  ennaKed  iu  the  inipi 
of  theColumhia  River  channels.     lie  i-ontinned  iu  that  service  as  master,  eUKiueer   and  machinist,  and  superintended  tlu 
of  nearly  all  of  the  dredges,  scows,  tu^s  ami  snaKboats  employed  iu  that  imi)ortant  umiertakiuj,'.     I'rom  the  time  he  cur 
this  duty  he  bad  charfje  of  most  of  the  practical  work  of  the  improvements,  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  to  the  head  of  n.v 
until  June,  iSSg      While  thus  euKa);ed  be    invented   and   snccessfullv    operated   a   dredue  for  deepening  the  water  on  the  i' 
mimth  of  the  Cobnnbia,  makiuK  a  Kood  channel  there  and  at  IIoKsback  l)ar  above  .\sloria,  where  the  natural  formation  had 
previous  elTorts  useless.     In  iS.Sy  be  retire.;  ,rom  the  service,  and  also    from  all  work  iu  connection  with  the  river.     He  is  s; 
in  Portland,  devotiiij;  his  time  to  C(Uiii.  ..cial  interests  and  to  the  care  of  propertv  accumulated  ilnriuy  his  long  career  on  . 


(Ill  his 
■ij;  r,.fts 
.IPX  111* 
vfiiieiil 

iiildiiii; 
'iieiiecti 
i  nation, 
r  at  the 

nderel 

:  liviiij: 
!_■  river. 


Remarkablv  Trip  of  the  '  'Shoshone, "  Willamette  and  Columbia  Transportation  Enterprises 


183 


miles  fioiii  Salmon  River.  The  steamer  continued,  with  the  engines  hacking  under  half  throttle,  and  covered 
the  six  miles  in  twenty  minutes.  As  Captain  Millt;r  had  not  fully  recovered  from  his  injuries,  he  decided  to  land 
liere.iti'l  i>^'st.  but  after  lunch  ran  through  another  six  miles  of  very  difTicult  navi^-ation,  and  then  advanced  until 
1:00  I'.  >i  lV'"K  "P  *•"■  '''^  night  at  tlic  mouth  of  the  (Iraiule  Ronde,  with  but  one  more  [jeril  to  encounter.  At 
-:t)0  A.  M.,  .\pril  J7th,  preparations  were  maik-  for  the  final  run,  and  the  steamer  shot  through  Wild  Goose 
Rapiiis  without  incident,  arriving  at  I.ewi.ston  two  hours  later.  While  rounding  to.  Captain  Miller  .shouted 
llirougli  iIk'  speaking-tube  to  the  engineer,  "  I  say,  Huck,  I  expect  if  this  company  wanted  a  couple  of  men  to 
take  a  sti.iinboat  through  hell,  they  would  .send  for  you  and  me."  On  landing,  he  asked  for  the  agent  of  the 
ciim|v.iii>  iml  turned  the  boat  over  to  him,  stating  that,  although  she  looked  a  little  rough,  she  did  not  leak  a  drop. 
While  K<iiiig  over  CopjK-r  hedge  Falls  on  the  first  day  out,  the  jackstaff  was  carried  away,  and  was  picked  up  at 
rni;ilill.i  so  long  l)efore  the  boat  was  heard  from  that  she  was  given  up  for  lost.  The  Slioshoiif  was  taken  on  to 
Celilo  li>  Captain  Holmes,  and  in  June  was  run  down  to  the  middle  river. 

Tlie  steamers  AV:   /V/vv  ('///V/  and  Slios/ioiif  made  the  perilous  trip  through  the  Dalles  of  the  Columbia 
lime  jsili      The  following  day  the  steamer  O/noit/a,  for  a  long  time  the  crack  boat  of  the  middle  river,  was 
t.ikeii  ovci  the  Cascades  by  Captain  Ainsworth,  and  was  immediately  put  into  commission  on  the  route  between 
rortliiid  and  the  Cascades.     Captain  Miller  was  so  successful   in  his  swift-water  trip  with  the  S/ioslione,  that  in 
luiie  he  was  again  sent  to  the  upper  country,  anil  brought  the  steamers  A/issonla  and  Cabhiil  over  Cabinet  Rapids 
mio  l.akf  Ten  d'Oreille.     While  going  through  Cabinet  Canon,  the  water  was  so  rough  that  the  steamers  were 
Imried  1111111  sight.      With   .Miller  on   the  steamers  were  Ca])!.  Shep 
\V;irrcii,   loiiuerly   in  command,   and  J.    Gallagher,   engineer.      The 
.l/(in  Moody,  which  was  the  first  of  the  interior  lleet,  continued  to  run 
oil  Lake  Ten  d'Oreille.      In  the  fall  of  i.Syo  the  Oregon  Steam  Naviga- 
tion Company  withdrew  from  the  Sound,  and  confined  their  operations 
c.\clusively  to  their  Columbia  River  monopoly.      They  purcha.sed  the 
^tiar.ier  I'itnuic   '/'>oii/>  and  assigned  her  to  the  Cowlitz  route,  in  com- 
111,111(1  of  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt.     The  same  company  also  operated  the 
W'ouit  ill  that  trade,  meeting  with  some  competition  from  the  steamer 
Cairif,  which  Capt.  James  Fisher  was  running  to  Monticello.     After 
the  purchase  of  the  I'lxnnie  I'loiift,  \'anco'iver  was  without  a  regular 
liii.it  for  .1  short  time,  but  Capt.  George  Hownian  .soon  filled  the  vacancy 
witli  till.'  little  propeller  ll'iisp,  which  he  continued  to  operate  until  the 
coniiiletioii  of  the  new  \'aiiioiroei\  a  sternwheeler,  one  hundred  feet 
long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  depth,  with  engines  twelve  by 
forly-eiglit  inches.     The  steamer  was  built  at  N'ancouver,  Wash.,  in 
iS-o.    Capt.  James  TurnbuU  was  master,  and  W,  H.  Troup,  engineer. 
Willi  tlieir  associates  they  formed  the  N'ancouver  Steamboat  Company, 
.111(1  the  fiillowing  year  operated  the  steamer  on  the  Kalama  route  in 
iippositiim  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Comi)aiiy.     So  spirited  a 
war  was  waged,  that  a  coiniiromise  was  soon  effected  by  which  the 
I'ltmoiner  obtained  control  of  the  trade  for  which  she  was  designed. 
In  187,?  llic  (irgani/.ation  was  dissolved,  the  steamer  pa.ssing  into  the 
hands  (if  the  Willamette  River  Transportation  Company.    Jacob  Kamm 
ali(.rcMi<l  SLCured  the  I'lDuviiitr  and  ran  her   for  several   years  in   the  service  of  the  Vancouver  Transportation 
Company.     She  was  also  u.sed  on   the  Sellwood   route  by  Captain  Varneberg,' in   place  of  the  steamer  Cily  of 
^dhcood,  and  continued  in  active  service  until  a  few  years  ago,  when  Capt.  F.  H.  Jones  purcha.sed  her,  and,  after 
relmilding  her  throughout,  called  her  the  Mniia.     Captain  Turnbull   was  succeeded   in  command  of  the  new 
I  iiihoii:,/-  by  li.  W.  Baughman.  James  W.  Troup,' J.  II.  1).  Gray,  James  T.  Gray,  Horace  Daniels,  F.  H.  Sherman, 
and  others. 

(.'.(Ill  Cli.irles  Variielierg  was  linrii  ill  Pennsylvania  in  |S.|(),  anil  sailed  ont  of  I'liiladelpliia  as  an  apprentice  on  the  ship 
f^'t'tl  Jill  it'.' whi'u  he  was  twelve  years  old.  His  first  steanisliip  experience  was  as  ({uartermaster  on  tile  /V//«\i'/:</w/ii,  j»oinK  from 
lier  lu  Uii  (,',\iii;i'  II'.  d'/i,/,'  as  first  (illicer.  He  afterward  servcil  as  muster  of  the  tiij^  C'Ack/cc  />'.  /.nii/  ami  of  a  river  steamer  called 
llieCi/i  '/ /.'(/i/,i/.  He  arrived  (in  tile  Pacific  Coa.sl  in  llie  fall  of  1S72  and  ran  as  mate  on  the  Sacramento  River  steamer /«/;ii, 
Itavni);  lu  1  to  |!o  to  the  Cotuinliia.  where  lie  was  mate  with  Captain  W'ass  on  the  old  Ini;  .hlorui.  .\  few  months  iifterward  he  took 
tilt  schoiKicr  Aa/(' /,.  /A7('//,  operating  her  in  the  coasting  traik  for  two  years,  si.. ise(|neiitly  enjjaj;in).j  for  a  short  time  in  the 
general  incrchandise  laisiness  at  Tillaniook.  He  then  Imilt  the  Onii.  the  first  steamer  to  enler  at  ihe  Va(|iiina  Hay  cnstoni- 
iKiuse.  ami  ran  her  fiir  two  years,  leaving  her  to  take  charge  of  the  ( 'ily  0/ .SrllwuoJ  on  the  Willamette  River,  where  he  remained  for 
•isiiir.lar  |.cniid  and  then  went  I'last.  On  his  return  to  the  Coast  he  was  in  the  employ  of  llanniiiK  Urothers  of  ian  Pedro  as  master 
(ifvarimi  steamers  for  nearly  IWd  years,  and  afterward  chartered  the  Soiilli  Const,  which  he  ran  lielwein  Tillamook  and  .San 
lraiii.isoi  li.r  a  year.  His  next  enterprise  was  with  the  /,(i!,'H«(i,  which  he  operated,  nndcr  charter,  in  the  northern  trade,  leaving 
lier  to  take  charjie  of  the  steamer  .  Uiottt.     He  remained   asliore   a   short  lime  afier  leaving  I  he  latter  vessel,  then  leased  the  UiXltif 


Cait,  Jamks  w,   TKOCI' 


^ll,^,'■(■  oil  ii 

11.  Trnii| 
Vanooiu, 
master. 
Coluiiilji.i 


V.v\  River  ronle,  .iiid  was  afterward  interested  in  the  steamers  H'rot/  and  A'n/iii/iiii, 
pi.  James  W.  Tron])  was  liorn  in  Vancouver.  Wash.,  In  IS.S.S.  He  is  the  (ddest  s(ni  of  the  pioneer  steamlioatman.  William 
(Mil  enjoyed  his  first  marine  exiierience  with  his  father  on  the  idd  l'a>i:,>ui'f>.  He  coinimmded  the  steamer  ll'nsft  on  the 
lonte  before  he  was  twenty  years  old,  and  by  the  time  he  was  of  age  hrtd  filled  every  position  on  a  boat  from  deckhand  to 
;tiT  leaving  the  \'anc(aiver  trade  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  on  the  npper 
list  as  parser  and  afterward  acting  as  master  of  seme  of  their  best  steamers.     When  the  /Ai' .-r\/  (Jui't'fi  was  he. ached  he 


fit  [•■I 


'ii    ij 


i 


lid 


z84 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Undismayed  by  the  approaching  contest  with  the  Willamette  I.ocks  orKani7:ntion,  the  People's  Transpnrtation 
Company  lannched  the  steamer  S/ioo  I'ly  at  Canemah  early  in  the  year,  and  Capt.  George  Jerome  ran  her  lu'lwctii 
Oregcni  City  and  upper  Willamette  points.  The  Shoo  I'ly  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  feet  long,  twenlythrii' 
feet  lieani,  four  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  fourteen  by  forty-eight  inches.  She  was  afterward  conitiiandiil 
by  John  Kelly,'  J.  N.  Fisher,  and  others,  ending  her  days  in  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company.  Another  factor  in  Willamette  River  navigation  appeared  at  Corvallis  in  the  Willamette  Navination 
Company's  steamer  Calliope,  a  sternwheeler,  one  hundred  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  four  feet  hold,  with  tiij;iiies 
eight  by  thirty  inches.  As  usual,  the  company  which  owned  the  steamer  was  largely  composed  of  farmers  aloiij; 
the  river.  J.  C.  Avery  was  president,  M.  Holgate,  secretary,  P.  Harris,  treasurer.  She  ran  for  some  time  on  ila- 
Yandiill  River  in  opposition  to  the  People's  Transportation  Company's  steamers,  liut  was  hauled  off  in  I'Vliniary 
1H71,  going  on  the  upper  Willamette  in  1.S72.  The  steamer  was  sulwequently  purchased  by  Meyers  &  Marshall, 
and  in  January,  1873,  took  the  first  shipment  of  freight,  consisting  of  forty-seven  tons  of  flour,  througli  tlii'  locks, 
from  McMinnville  to  Portland.  In  December,  1873,  the  ((i///'('/c  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  Cowlitz  roulu,  and 
then  pas.sed  into  the  hands  of  Lewis  Love,  and  was  operated  by  him  and  afterward  l)y  Capt.  Kred  H.  I.ove  iinlil 
1S83,  when  they  disposed  of  their  interests  to  Capt.  W.  H.  Pope  and  Henry  Winch,  who  put  her  on  tlie  Cascade 
route,  where  she  was  kept  until  the  completion  of  their  steamer  Mulliwmah.     CajUains  Poi)e,  Sullivan,  Uurny  and 

Raabe"  were  the  last  in  command,  and  she  pas.sed  out  of  existence  in  iH.S;, 

The   Oregon   Steam    Navigation    C(mi])aiiy    were    operatiiij;  the 

steamer  Okanogan  on  the  Astoria  route,  meeting  with  .some  opposition 

from  tlie  steamer  Mary  Ihll,  Captain  Smith.     The  /osir  .UcXcar.  wliidi 

V  had  been  in  the  .same  trade,  was  chartered  by  the  Cementville  Mamifacl- 

■^  uring  Company  and  put  in  charge  of  Capt.  Richard  Hob.son.    The  steam 

tug  Meiriinac,  which  had  gone  to  the  vSound   from  San  Francisco  the 

preceding  year,  was  taken  to  the  Columl)ia  in  February,  187^),  and  was 

used  on  the  river  towing  ves.sels  between  the  sea  and  Oak   Point,  the 

tug  /Icn  Holladay  taking  them  from  there  to  Portland.     The  Mfir'niHu 

^He^^v^  was  a  well  built  craft,  launched  at  Ivden's  Landing  in   i86j.  and  first 

^^V^^^^^  ^^^  came  into  prominence  through  a  terrible  accident  on  Humboldt  bar  in 

jj^^m  ^^^L      ^^^^^  1868.     The  bar  was  very  rough,  and  the  steamship  Oregon  li.qd  been 

'^^Hf    ^^^^^^^l^^n  lying  out.side  for  several  hours,  when  the  .Uirrimaf  came  up,  and.  to  the 

\  <^^K         ^K  ^^^^^^^b  surpri.se  of  those  on  the  steam.ship,  started  in  and  was  caught  on  the  crest 

^1^^     ^^^^^^^^HK  °^  ^  '^'^  comber,  turned   twice  over,  end   for  end,  and   was  finally  shot 

■IK     wfUffff^^r  '"'°  '''^  smooth  water  of  the  harbor  bottom  up,  with   her  deck-house 

^-  ^a-**  missing  and  not  one  of  the  eighteen  people  on  board  left  to  tell  the  tale. 

The  hull  was  comparatively  uninjured,  and,  after  being  repaired,  the 
steamer  performed  good  .service  for  several  years  at  various  places  along 
the  coast.     Among  her  crew  when  .she  first  came  to  the  Columbia  was 
Michael  O'Neil,'  the  well  known  engineer.      Other  additions  to  the  marine  fleet  on  the  Willamette  were  the 


CAI'T.   I'RKIl   II.   I.OVK 


was  ({iven  coiiuiianil  and  remained  witli  her  iinlil  he  finally  brought  her  over  Tuniwater  Tails.  Several  years  later  he  piloted 
her  over  the  Cascades.  As  an  instance  of  his  employers'  appreciation  of  his  worth,  it  is  noted  that,  at  the  time  of  his  f:illicr's 
death,  special  hoats  and  trains  from  J,e\viston  to  Vancouver  were  i)laced  at  his  disposal  to  eiiahle  him  to  reach  home  in  time  tor  llie 
funeral.  With  the  decline  of  steamboatinK  on  the  upper  Columbia,  Captain  Tronp  found  a  new  Held  on  tbe  lakes  of  llritisli 
Coluu.bia.  He  ran  for  several  moiilhs  on  Katnloops  I,ake  and  was  also  interested  in  a  steamer  on  Sishwaup  Lake.  He  was  .tlso 
en),'.'iK^<l  for  a  short  time  on  the  I'raser  River  on  the  Voseiiiili'  and  other  steamers  of  Irvinjfs  line.  While  on  the  I'rascr  In- »iis 
appointed  superintendent  of  water  lines  of  'he  Union  racific,  which  had  Iben  ab.sorhed  the  Dre^on  Railway  iV  NiU i|;atioii 
Company.  He  renmineil  in  this  position  until  about  three  years  afjo,  leavin);  their  employ  to  become  supcrinteiuknl  of  the 
Columbia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company,  with  headcjuarlers  at  Nelson,  H.  C.  While  in  charge  of  the  Union  I'aiilk 
water  lines,  Captain  Troup  built  the  T.J.  Pottrr,  the  fastest  sidewlieeler  ailoat  in  the  Northwest. 

*  Capt.  John  Kelly  was  born  in  Baden.  Germany,  in  18,^9,  and  arrived  on  I'ugct  Sound  on  the  United  States  reveinit*  riilter 
Jeff  Air'/.v  in  1S5.S,  leaving  her  six  months  later  to  engage  in  trading  on  the  I'raser  River,  and  was  the  first  settler  at  Murderer  s  liar. 
In  the  fall  of  isfx)  he  went  to  Portlainl  and  subsetpiently  served  as  mate  on  the  li.vpyess,  ()/i:t>tiitl,  (.U'tini\^an  and  //tt.^ui/i<.  He 
then  engaged  with  Capt.  William  I'arsous  on  a  schooner  between  Celilo  and  Wallnla.  and  was  afterward  on  Ihe  Tfiiiim,  I'luiiil 
tl^n'i;/i/,  .S/>nn',  H'ed/'oo/,  Setiti/or,  A*h'it/ i\i\d  Suo'ess.  In  1S69  he  received  a  special  license  as  engineer  on  the  steamer  .S'//!'.* /'7i', 
laler  lilling  the  same  position  on  the  /><iy/on,  .lilive  and  .tlhaiiy.  He  was  subsecpiently  master  of  the  Slioii  /■'/};  Oieidnil  and  1  hifiil, 
and  worked  as  mate  on  the  Couer  d'Alene  I^ake  steamers  Coiterd\tlc»t'  ami  Kootenai.  He  retired  from  steamboating  in  iStjo. 
and  is  now  living  in  Oregon  City. 

'Capt.  Tred  H.  I.ove  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1.S47  ,ind  commenced  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  on  the  /uiiile  in  i,S6y.  Altei 
leaving  her  he  was  interesteil  in  the  Weslport,  Utile,  Calliope,  Ga:elle,  Traveler  and  Salem,  having  comman<l  of  the  twi  last 
named  for  several  years.  His  most  recent  steamboat  venture  was  with  the  small  steamer  A*. /'.  //';7i,'///,  which  he  ran  until  1^92. 
.tud  then  retired  from  the  water 

'Capt.  George  Raabe  was  born  in  Norway  in  1H52,  coinmeuced  sailing  out  of  Kuropean  ports  in  1S67,  ami  came  to  the  1'  icilic 
Coast  in  1869.  His  first  steamboating  was  on  the  Sacramento  River  during  that  year  on  a  little  sternwheeler  named  the  A'  ''"'■ 
Two  years  later  he  came  to  Oregon  anil  began  running  on  the  Willainelte,  soon  working  up  from  the  position  of  <leckhaiid  ■''  that 
of  master,  and  for  nearly  twenty  years  has  been  in  command  of  Willamette  River  steamboats.  He  was  in  charge  of  the  City  ci  ^j/riii 
for  a  greater  length  of  time  than  any  other  captain,  and,  on  leaving  her,  entered  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Pacific  o-  ilieir 
upper  Willamette  steamers,  going  from  that  company  to  the  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navigation  Company,  where  he  still  renins  in 
command  of  their  new  steamer  lilmore, 

'  Michael  O'Xeil  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1S46,  reached  New  York  in  I.S66,  and  after  drifting  about  the  Middle  States  an  1  ^il  i" 
California  in   1869,  going  from  there  to  Coos  Hay,  where  he  ran  on  the  bar  tugs  for  three  years.     He  came  to  the  Colnmbi  i  i^ivcr 


Rumarkabk  Trip  of  thv  "Shoshono,"  Willamette  and  Columbia  Transportation  Entvrprisis 


''\S 


stcaiiii  i>  Ki'soliitf  ami  /jijiCHe  Cilv,  and  the  big  sidewheel  ferry  Imilt  at  Portlaiul  for  tlic  Oregon  vV  California 
Riiilrii.il.  Tlie  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  steamer  disituiiswAV,  fitted  with  a  wheelhonse,  an  imiirovetnent 
dwiniK  il  I'v  the  late  John  Gates  and  the  first  of  its  kind  to  apjK'ar  on  sternwheel  steamers. 

The  Umptiua  Steam  Navigation  Company,  organized  at  Oardiner,  Or.,  hy  a  man  named  llann,  conslr.t  -led 
the  sli. liner  Shan  for  the  pnrpose  of  imvignting  the  waters  of  the  Ump(|ua  as  far  inland  as  Ro.sehnrg.  Th.-  .S.-inw 
was  linilt  l>y  Hiram  Doncaster,"  and  it  is  intimated  that  the  prineipal  object  of  the  ventnre  was  to  demonstrate 
that  iIk'  river  was  navigable  to  the  point  named  and  accordingly  worthy  of  Congressional  assistance.  If  such  was 
the  i'.i--c,  Mr.  Hann  and  his  associates  succeeded  admirably.  With  the  aid  of  a  donkey  engine  and  numerous 
lines  and  cables,  the  steamer  succeeded  in  reaching   Ro.selntrg  three 

weeks  .ifler  leaving  Umpcjua,  and,  as  time  was  not  an  element  in  the  ■     -■- 

i|iiesii(iii,  an  ajipropriation  of  #70,000  was  .secured  on  the  strength  of 
her  performance.  This  was  the  first  and  only  visit  that  Koscburg 
tver  received  from  a  steamboat,  and,  while  the  distribution  of  the 
nioiiev  was  duly  appreciated  by  the  people  of  that  section,  its  benefit 
to  steam  navigation  will  always  remain  <|uestionable.  Uy  good 
fortiMie  and  management  the  .steamer  returned  to  a  ])oint  where 
there  was  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  to  fioat  her,  and  ran  on  various 
routes  for  several  years.  Ca])t.  Godfrey  Seymour,'  who  is  sti'l 
sleanilioaling  at  Coos  Hay,  was  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Sit'nn  and 
was  engineer  when  she  maile  the  Koseburg  trip,  and  Capt.  J.  U. 
Leeds''  .secured  possession  after  the  di.s.solution  of  the  company 
iiilercsted  in  her  construction.  Another  small  steamer  called  the 
/;«/i//"/s(' was  built  on  the  I'miiqua  in  1H70  by  the  Merchants  iS: 
I'ariners'  Transportation  Company.  She  was  commanded  first  by 
Capt.  Henry  Wade,"  and  afterward  by  Captains  Hoone  and  French. 
In  charge  of  the  latter  she  started  up  the  coast  from  Gardiner  in 
February,  1873,  and  while  on  the  bar  her  steam  jjipe  collapsed,  and 
she  drifted  into  the  breakers,  becoming  a  total  wreck. 

Theie  were  few  additions  to  the  I'uget  Sound  steam  lleet  in 
i,S;ii,  The  little  steamer  /aiiifs  Mortif  was  purchased  from  the 
Western  riiiou  Telegraph  Company  by  J.  Hri.sby,  and  ran  on  Lake 
Washington  from  Yesler  Avenue  to  Newcastle,  and  was  afterward 
taken  to  Port  Gamble  and  plied  between  there  and  Seabeck.  In  1879  she  was  operated  as  a  ferry  between 
La  Cotmer  and  Coiipeville  by  Capt.  George  M.  Coupe.''     The  steamer  .\lida.  which  ajjpeared  in  i.SCuj,  commenced 

on  Ihe  tnj;  Meyrimac  in  1S71,  remaining  with  iier  for  six  months  and  llien  J^oin^;  to  the  npjier  Cnlumhia  and  Snake  River,  wliere  he 
was  ill  llie  employ  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  for  three  years.  lie  was  eliief  engineer  on  the  steamer  lU'iiiUi  witli 
Capt.  (leorge  .Ainswortli  in  1S76,  amL  with  liie  exeeption  of  a  brief  period  when  lie  was  on  tlie  steamer  A'//  /'(/;/  Witifc/i'  witli 
Cnpl.  Will  Wliiteonib,  served  (m  the  Astoria  route  with  Captains  .Ainsworlli  and  Ilaliliidge  niitil  iSSi .  That  year  he  joined  tlie  lulitli, 
rciiiaining  on  the  slcanier  willi  Ca])t.  James  WliiteomI)  and  Capt.  Thonnis  Crang  until  iSS^,  when  he  returned  to  the  upper 
Cnhniiliia  and  was  engaged  on  tlie  .  hiiiir  Fii  von  with  Captain  Coe  for  a  year.  With  Capt.  Thomas  Callal  an  he  sniiseiineiilly 
purchaseil  the  steamer  .l/iiri/i'r,  working  with  her  .is  engineer,  retiring  in  1S90  to  go  to  the  transfer  boat  Tmoiiui  ,it  Kalania,  w  here  he 
iiiis  siiu'e  reinaineil, 

Mlirain  Doneaster  was  born  in  Nova  .Seotia  in  |S,^S,  enme  to  the  l*acirie  Coast  in  1S56,  and  followed  the  stampede  to  the 
I'raser  Kiver  two  years  later.  He  reinaineil  there  a  short  time  only,  and  has  since  worked  at  his  trade  at  dilTerent  yards  all  along 
tile  Cnasl,  .\t  I'orl  l.ndlow  he  built  the  Fi'iis/  (Jihyh,  at  rmpipia  the  steamer  Su'ii'i  and  seliooner  /.  />'.  I.rfih.  and  in  Sail 
I'raiii'iM'o  the  steamer  /iiiliifoisf.  lie  was  engaged  for  a  long  lime  in  the  shipyards  of  Middlemass  iS:  Hoole  at  San  I'raiuisio,  anil 
while  till  re  was  employed  by  \V.  I,,  .\ilanis  to  go  to  Piiget  .Sound,  where  he  eonstrneted  the  bark  CiismiiiiIiii  .  h/iiiiis,  tug  l/i'l\oki\ 
ami  liarkeiilines  A*(7;7'('r'/V  and  Aftiiy  H'ifikh'tihjn  ;  ship  Olympus,  sehooiier  .  hnerivaH  Jloy  and  steamer  /,oitisii,  at  Seabeek  ;  at  I'orl 
l.uiUuw.  llie  lug  7Vic  and  barkentine  .S'Xi;i;// ;  anil,  at 'I'aeoma,  the  tug  .IA>;'«/.  The  .hliiiiis  and  Olympus  were  two  of  the  fastest 
s.iiltrs  1111  the  Coast,  the  latter  having  been  the  largest  siiigle-ileek  ship  in  ihe  world. 

'Capt.  Godfrey  Seyinonr,  of  the  steamer  kfsllfss,  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canaila,  January  1,  iS?2.  Ill  i.S6j  he  began 
sleamliipaliiig  on  the  I'mpipia  River  on  the  A'i//7i»;ii«,  iifterwaril  serving  011  the  little  steamer  ll^'iis/iiim/ini.  He  was  engineer  and 
|iarl  owner  of  the  Sn'iiH  when  she  made  the  famous  exploring  trip  up  the  rmpi|Ua  to  Rosebnrg.  Captain  .Seymour  w.is 
also  DM  the  steamer  /in/fipnM'  for  a  time,  and  now  lives  at  (iardiner,  Douglas  County,  Or.,  where  he  is  at  pre.^enl  conueeted  with 
Ilk"  sUailier  JifHO. 

Capt.  josiali  li.  Leeds  was  born  at  Leeds  roint,  N.  J.,  in  LSjg,  and  before  he  w.as  ten  years  old  coinmeiieeil  going  to  sea  with 
liis  father,  a  well  known  .Atlantic  Coast  master,  rising  to  the  position  of  cajilain  at  the  age  of  tweulytwo.  lie  came  to  the  I'.'icille 
Coast  ill  1X51  as  mate  on  the  schooner  /•'raiiiis  Ellrii,  and,  in  charge  of  that  vessel,  sailed  out  of  San  I'Vaucisco.  going  into  the 
rrapi|ua  Kiver  with  her  in  May,  1S53.  He  selected  the  present  site  of  ('iardiner.  Or.,  and  secured  three  hundred  acres  of  land  where 
llu'  town  now  stands.  He  sailed  most  of  the  time  between  the  llnipiiua  anil  San  I''raiicisco  for  about  li-n  years,  and  in  iSf)5  retired 
Irirai  llu  sea  and  settled  on  the  l'iiipi|na.  In  1S76,  with  Captain  Hinsdale,  he  laid  out  the  town  of  Canliiier  and  erecleil  a 
sawuiiil,  which  is  now  the  properly  of  llie  (iardiner  Mill  Company,  to  whom  he  disposed  of  his  interesls  in  18S2.  While  on  the 
riiipi|iia  he  Iniill  the  schooner  Mory  Clexila)i<l,  which  he  operated  for  a  long  lime,  and  also  purchased  a  half  interest  in  Ihe  steamer 
U\isli!'i.;l(iii,  then  owned  by  Captain  Hinsdale.     He  died  in  San  I'raucisco.  i'ebrnary    15,  1.S.S9. 

'  Capt.  Henry  Wade,  of  Oardiner.  Or.,  was  born  in  Iiidian.'i  in  i.S.l^  and  began  his  inariue  career  on  the  I'nipipi.-i  River, 
where  In-  was  eiig.iged  on  the  steamer  U'tishint^tofi.  He  was  afterward  in  conimand  of  the  steamer  liiifeipi isr  for  a  few  mniiths. 
ami  aliM.it  1S72  bought  the  steamer  .Iran,  wiiich  he  ran  for  four  years  and  then  sold  her  lo  Captain  Reed  and  lived  ashore 
for  altoin  tell  years,  going  back  again  about  18S6  jis  master  of  the  keslii'ss.  He  remained  in  command  of  this  steamer  for  simie 
time  all!  was  afterward  on  the  Pispalih  on  the  Coipiille  River  for  a  short  period.     He  is  at  present  captain  of  the  steamer  //(Hi). 

Capt.  Oeorge  M.  Coupe,  of  Seattle,  a  son  of  the  pioneer,  Capt.  Thomas  Coupe,  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  1849.  and, 
with  li:-  ;iarenls.  came  to  I'ugcl  Sound  in  1S53.  settling  on  the  Coupe  farm  on  Whidby  Island  The  early  (lart  of  his  life  was  spent 
oil  tin       lops  .lAi/ 1' /;//<■«  and    A'f'/c/riJuA,  running  between    Whidby    Island    and    I'orl   Townseiid,  a  ferry  route  established  by  his 


CAI'T,     [llSIAII    n.    I.KI-.IIS 


!  ''|jt!>1 


1 

w. 

:      H' 

§:■ 

i     :; ' . 

§' 

fi'!( 


1 86 


Lewis  <f  Dryden'a  Marine  Hittory  of  the  Pacifio  Northwest 


running  on  the  Victoria  route  in  July,  1H70.     She  made  hut  few  trips  to  Victoria,  as  she  was  rather  frnil  for 

crossing  the  Straits,  niul  in  Septeml)er  the  steamer  /siiif/ vian  o|)erate(l  in  connection  with  her,  the  .7//(/(»  K"i"K  no 

farther  than  Port  Towiiscnd.     Finch  &  Wright  had  refitted  the  /i/ha  Aiidfison  wilii  boilers  from  the  wrtckcd 

Suuoiniee  and  were  using  her  in  place  of  the  new  steamer  Olympia, 

and    the    .tiiJirson   iiiid    the    /.uihcl  indulged    in   some  lively  races  v>    -■.        «      ••  .•.!-  .-,      .,       _ 

lictwcen  \'icloria  and  I'ort  Townsend,  the  latter  boat  proving   the 

faster,      Before    Captain    Starr    relieved    Contractor    Nash    of    his 

financial  difficulties,  the  latter  had  purchased  the  steamer  Varuna, 

intending  to  operate  her  in  conjunction  with  the  .llida  as  a  mail 

boat,  but  Starr  never  used  her  in  that  service.     Finding  that  the 

Aiideisoii  was  hardly  holding  her  own  with  the  Isabel  and  .Uii/a,  her 

owner  started   the  Olyntpin  on  the  route  again  in  N'ovenilier,  and 

Starr  commenced  work  on  a  new  steamer   that  was   to   run   more 

economically  and  rapidly  than  anything  on  the  Sound.     The  J.  li. 

l.ibhy  was  rebuilt  at  Seattle  by  Capt.  John  SufTern,  and  the  North 

Pacific  Transportation  Company  sold  the  steamer  (iiissie  Tel/air  to 

Frank  Uarnard  of  San  Francisco,  filling  her  place  on  the  Portland 

and  Victoria  route  with  the  propeller  California,  in  charge  of  Captain 

Lyons.      The    same    comj  any    was    awarded    the    postal   contract 

between  Port  Townsend  and  Alaska,  and  operated  the  (icorxr  S. 

Wright.  Captain  Waitt,  as  a  mail  steamer. 

Holladay's  steam.ship  I'tlican  was  among  the  newcomers  on 

the  northern  routes  in  1870.     She  arrived  at  Victoria  and  Portland 

on  her  first  trip  in  June,  H.  M.  Gregory,  ma.ster.     The  Peliian  was 

a  twin  i)ropeller.  one  Ininilred  and  eighty-nine  feet  long,  twenty-four 

feet  beam,  thirteen  feet  hold,  with  two  direct-acting  cylinders  forty  by  thirty  inches.     She  was  Imilt  nt  IlnP, 

F^ngland,  in  i^s.S,  to  run  between  Dublin  and  Liverpool,  but  was  purchased  by  the  (Confederates,  who  used  her  as 

a  blockade  runner  during  the  war.  On  the 
collapse  of  the  Rebellion  she  was  turned 
over  at  Havana  to  the  United  States  dov- 
ernment  and  taken  to  New  Vork.  where  slic 
was  .sold  to  David  F'ay,  who  sent  her  to  San 
Francisco.  On  arrival  there  in  October, 
|86,S,  she  was  (piickly  absorbed  by  the  Ilol- 
laday  line,  and  began  running  south  from 
San  Francisco  in  the  coasting  tinde.  As 
originally  constructed  she  was  very  speeily, 
but  in  transforming  her  into  a  incrcliant 
steamer  she  was  encumbered  with  a  very 
heavy  house  and  upper  works,  wliich 
decreased  her  speed  so  that  seven  or  eiglit 
miles  an  hour  was  about  her  limit.  Wliile 
running  north,  Oregory  was  succeeded  by 
Capt.  James  Carroll,  and  Captain  Harrisuii, 
now    commodore    of    the    Yacht    Club    at 

Sau.salito.     As  the  Pelican  was  too  .slow  for  passenger  .service,  she  was  .sold  to  the  Costa  Ricau  Government,  wliu 

equipped  her  as  a  man-of-war,  naming  her  the  Yrazn.     Capt.  Thomas  Doig,"  the  Columbia  bar  pilot,  was  in 


CAI'T.  r,K(IHIiK  M.  Con 


I'l'OKT   SOI'.NI*  STKAMKH   ".AI.MIA' 


father.  Ill  1S68  lie  was  employed  in  the  eiiKiiieeriii^  department  of  the  Utsalady  Mill.  In  1871  he  was  engineer  of  the  ste.iiiier 
/,/««;>,  and  ill  1.S72  assistant  engineer  on  the  Favorite.  He  became  captain  of  the  steamer /'/;a«/(>/«  in  t,S76  and  of  they,;"'« 
Afortie  in  1S80.  l'"rom  1.SS2  to  1887  he  was  purser  with  the  Wasliiiigton  Steamlioat  Company  on  their  various  steamers.  He  rturcil 
from  marine  pursuits  in  1887  and  has  since  lived  ashore. 

"Capt.  Thomas  DoiK  was  born  in  I'ifeshire,  Scotland,  in  1845,  and  made  his  first  sea  voyaj^e  to  Melbourne  in  1859  in  ilie 
RIack  Ball  Uine  of  packet  ships,  remaining;  in  this  employ  for  four  years  and  leaving  it  to  ^o  to  the  mines  in  New  Zealand.  Hi-  tva^ 
then  in  the  coastiufj  trade  around  Australia  for  a  similar  period,  goui);  thence  to  Mauritius  as  male  011  a  vessel.  On  returning  iu' 
eiixafjcd  ill  trading  among  the  South  Sea  Islands  for  two  years,  next  going  to  China,  where  he  shijipcd  with  the  vessel  whirli 
took  the  li'st  cargo  of  Chinamen  from  Hongkong  to  New  Zealand.  He  left  the  vessel  at  Hongkong  a  few  months  later,  and,  ,i;ier 
making  a  couple  of  voyages  to  Singapore,  came  to  Oregon  as  a  passenger  on  the  bark  Garihalili  \n  1872,  and  served  for  a  ^liirt 
time  as  a  ileckhand  on  Holladay's  steamers  on  the  upper  Willamette,  subsequently  joining  the  /•li/^/'wAt'/;!,'- as  second  mate.\:tli 
Capt.  J.  \.  Brown,  with  whom  he  was  afterward  mate  for  a  few  trips,  and  then  commenced  piloting  for  Captain  I'lavel,  willi  wI'MH 
he  remained  five  years  and  then  joined  the  opposition  pilots  on  the  schooner  /fescue.  When  the  latter  withdrew.  Captain  I 'lij,' 
went  to  Costa  Rica  to  look  after  the  sale  of  the  schooner  and  while  there  was  appointed  captain  of  the  man-of-war  Vnizic  tiie 
old  steamship /'(7/fa«  under  a  new  name.  With  the  Yrazn  he  made  a  trip  to  Cocos  Island  with  prisoners,  and  was  in  the  .sei;ie 
of  the  Costa  Ricaii  Government  for  a  year,  subsequently  going  to  San  Francisco,  and,  with  pilots  Howes,  Woods  and  (>1  11, 
purchasing  the  pilot  schooner  J.  C.  Cousins,  which  they  operate<l  on  the  Columbia  bar  until  she  was  lost.  Captain  Doigt  l" 
engaged  as  mate  on  the  steamer  Queen  until  the  pilot  steamer  Governor  Moody  was  put  into  service,  when  he  joined  her  as  01  uf 
the  State  pilots  and  has  since  continued  ou  the  bar. 


Remarkable  Trip  of  the  "Shoahone,"  Willamette  ami  Columbia  Tnwaportatinn  Enterpriaea 


1H7 


charge  of  her  the  first  year  after  she  liecanic  a  K)»)l><>"t.  ""'I  A.  II.  Kress,"  who  had  served  with  lirr  in  the 
men  hint  service,  was  chief  engineer.  Other  steamships  on  the  northern  route  were  the  /ilitho,  A/ontin/n.  A/ours 
T,i\:.  /  jtul  .7/(1  >.  The  latter  vessel  was  in  coinniaiul  of  Captain  Holies,  with  James  Carroll,  first  oflicer,  and  on 
a  tri|'  in  March  narrowly  escaped  destruction  on  the  Colnnihia  Kiver  l>ar.  The  rudder  was  carried  away,  and  a 
line  Ik r;iuie  fouled  in  the  pro|)eller.  Carroll  dove  under  the  steamer  and  cleared  the  line,  and  Captain  Holies 
siicoti'li'd  in  riKK>"K  "  tem|H)rary  rudilcr,  witii  which  lie  hroUKlit  her  throuKli  in  safet\ .  The  San  l-'ranciscti 
iiiuUnvrilers  appreciated  his  service  liy  making  him  a  present  of  five  hundred  dollars,  and  Carroll  was  rcwanlcd 
wiili  .1  valualde  gold  watch.  The  steamship  .ir/iir  was  al.so  run  north  for  a  short  time,  but  was  wrecked  early 
ill  till-  year. 

Victoria's  merchant  marine  was  increa.sed   \>y  the  .steamer  (i)ti/>/>/i»;  a  well  known  gunhoat  which  had  Iwen 
CDiulciutifd  and  sold  hy  the  naval  authorities,  ami  l>y  the  return  of  the  old  /liunrr,  which  had  lieeii  under  lease  to 
lilt  Covtrmiieiit  for  several  years.     The  latter  vessel  was  turned  over  to  the  Hudson's  Itay  Company  in  October, 
,iml  w.is  hauled  out  for  repairs,  when  a  relic  of   her   collision  with   Race   RtK-ks    was  found  in  her  tiinlR-rs  in 
the  sliajH;  of  a  tenpound  piece  of  stone,  which  proved  that  the  ol)slructioii  was  no  match  for  the  pioneer  vessel. 
Till-  steamer  //('/>(',   built  several  years  before,   was  extensively  overhauled   at  Trahey's  yard,    the  hull  l)eiiig 
IcnutluiR'd,  and  imiiroved  cabin  and   freight  accommodations  supplied.      She  was   launched   in   September  and 
reliiriK-d  to  the  Fraser  River.    Hs(|uiinalt  received  a  visit  from  the  celebrated    ■  Flying  Sciuadron,"  including  II.  It.  M. 
ships  /./,'/7/>(i()/,  Juiiiymioii,  I.Hfiw  Plinbf,  I'nn I  i\\\i\  Snlla.  then  on  a  tour  of  the  world.     The  I'.  S.  revenue  cutters 
/,/««. i/«,  Captain  Hooper,  and  Reliiimr,  Commander  Sullivan  and  Chief  I'jigineer   Doyle,'   were  stationed   in  the 
Northwest  the  greater  part  of  the  year.     The    V.  S.  steamer  Moliintii,  with  Coiiiiuodore   Rogers  of  the  North 
Stiuadron  of  the  Pacific  fleet,  was  at  Victoria  in  April,  and  after  a  lirief  stay  steamed  down  the  coast,  where  her 
crew  had  au  exciting  encounter  with   the  old    llriti.sh    gunl)oat   Foiuanl.     The  .I/i'///'<<j// was  officered  as  follows  : 
\V.  W    l.ow,   captain  ;    \Vm.    H.   Hronson,  executive  oflicer,   Sam   \V.    Herry,   navigator  and   ordnance  oflTicer, 
lieutenants;  II.  Knox,   H.    H.    Mansfield,  J.   M.   W'ainwright,    R.    Rush,  ensigns  ;  J.   H.   Sherburn,   lieutenant  of 
iiuiriiies ;  Charles  VV.  I'etite,  secretary  ;   P.  Inch,  chief  engineer  ;  J.  I). 
Reilfield,  paymaster;  F.  Iv.  Potter,  surgeon  ;  J.  Iv   Oillespie,  assistant 
surgeon  ;  (1.  \V.  Townrow,  second  assistant  engineer  ;    Rierdeii,  Hall, 
Jatuiesoii  and  McCreary,  mates  ;  J   T.  Clioat,  boatswain  ;  J.  S.  (Iringer, 
KuniKr  ;    R.  \\,.  Tattan,  sailmaker  ;    Dwyer,  carpenter;   R.  Baker,  cap- 
tain's clerk  ;  Mansfield,  paymaster's  clerk. 

Pilotage  and  towage  on  the  Columbia  River,  which  had,  prior 
to  this  time,  been  vexed  (piestions,  were  thoroughly  and  satisfactorily 
systematized  in  1.S71).  The  tug  .hloria,  running  under  a  subsidy  from 
the  State,  was  coinmaiided  by  Cajjt.  A.  1).  Wass,  and  as  bar  pilots 
carried  .Mfred  Crosby,  William  Hocliau  and  A.  C.  F'arnsworth  ;  while 
Fhil  Joliii.soii,  Granville  Reed,'"  M.  M.  (iilman  and  H.  A.  Snow  were 
the  regular  licensed  branch  pilots  on  the  river.  James  Taylor,  \V.  F. 
Kippiii  and  Thomas  J.  Dryer  coiistitiited  the  Hoard  of  Pilot  Commis- 
siiHiers.  the  latter  taking  the  place  made  vacant  by  the  death  of 
Ci;plaiii  Couch,  who  had  also  held  the  position  of  I'.  S.  Inspector  of 
Hulls,  to  which  Capt.  William  Dierdorff"  was  ap])uiiited.  James  I.otan 
was  made  Insjiector  of  Boilers  alx)ut  the  same  time.  A  number  of 
deep-water  vessels  arrived  at  Portland  this  year,  most  of  them  coming 
with  railroad  iron  for  the  (J)regon  &  Calitoruia  Railroad,  which  Ben 
HuUaday  was  then  making  strenuous  efforts  to  complete.  Among 
those  liriiiging  iron  were  the  Lyra,  '/'oniciisk/olii,  l.ovied,  (lUiifiat .  '/Viujx,  I'rofiwti  and  Madawaska  from  Ivnglaud, 
the  (  .•i/^i-fss  from  Wales,  and  the  /hiiiiii/fss,  Sononi  and  Crmkell  from  New  York.  The  barks  Cian'bttldi  and 
lliillit-  ('.  /lissi-  came  from  China,  the  former  with  275  and  the  latter  with  3S7  coolies.  The  ship  Ikrtha  also 
arrived  from  Hongkong  with  303  celestials.     The  German  ship  Herman  /Vc/or  arrived  from  China  and  loaded 


CAI'T.    TllOMAH   l>OI«i 


IiHI:! 


'  .\.  II.  Kress,  engineer,  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1S511  and  li.is  t)eeu  euKaKcd  in  niarilime  pursuits  for  twenty  live  years.  On 
couiiii^;  to  tile  I'acifie  Coast  lie  was  second  assistant  of  the  steaiuslii])  Viiiliini  for  almnt  three  years,  reniaiiiin^'  with  lier  until  slie 
w.'is  wicvked,  and  afterward  hohliiig  a  similar  position  on  the  Stiti  Lni-i.  During  the  steanisliip  /'t'/i't\in's  last  year  in  tile  niereliant 
iiiariiii-  service,  Mr.  Kress  was  lier  lirst  assistant,  ami  afterward  chief  for  four  years  in  tlie  service  of  the  Costa  Ricau  (■invernineiit. 
He  then  retireil  from  the  water  for  a  short  tune  ami  enj^a^ed  with  the  I'nion  Iron  Works,  but,  ])referrini^  life  at  sea,  joined  the 
iltanisliip  Saii/a  Cm:  us  chief  engineer  for  three  vears,  aflerwanl  serving  a  short  time  on  the  Siin/ii  A'osa.  He  was  next  employed 
on  till'  company's  ilock  at  San  I'rancisco  until  i,SiS6,  when  he  joined  the  Ci/y  of  Pmhla,  leaving  her  in  1.S93  to  lake  his  present 
position  as  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  .SV((/f. 

'James  \.  Doyle,  engineer,  was  born  in  the  Stale  of  New  York  in  iSvS.  lie  secured  his  first  license  in  New  York  City  in 
1S61,  and  soon  afte.  went  into  the  revenue  service  as  .second  assistant  engineer.  lie  held  that  position  011  the  Wyiiiiila,  and  in  June, 
1S66,  w.is  promoted  to  chief.  In  1S6S  he  made  several  cruises  to  .Maska  on  the  U'yanda  under  Capl.  John  W.  While  and  also  under 
Captain  .Seidell.     Mr.  Doyle  is  now  on  the  revenue  cutter  (,'ninl. 

"Capl.  Craiiville  Reed  was  born  in  Maine  in  1.S39.  lie  sailed  for  a  iinmber  of  years  on  the  .Mlantic  Coast,  but  came  west 
about  iSf).';  and  commenced  running  on  the  steamer  John  If.  Comii.  He  continued  in  lli'e  employ  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Comp  uiy  until  the  fall  of  1S70,  when  he  began  piloting,  and  since  that  lime  has  been  regularly  engaged  as  a  branch  pilot  on  the 
Coliiii'ia  auil  Willamette  rivers. 


^i  m 


I.  •> 

it » 


■  F" 


f 


1 88 


Lv»i»  (f  Dryrfvna  Marinv  History  of  thv  PacHic  Northwest 


wheat  for  t,ivcrpo<il.     l-'orcign  wlicnt  Htii|)mcnts  from  the  Coliiniliiii  River  hn<l  niaterinlly  incrensed,  mid  niiimin 

the  vi'ssels  elenriiiK  witli  urniii  eiir«<H'.s  were  tlie  /itii,  .Ullui.  l.oiiiil,   7(>r,/,»\i/(>M  n»i[  J/i»i/i;i>iiif>y  ((rt//(,  ihe 

latter  U'iiiK  tile  first  iron  MuiliiiK  veHsi'l  to  enter  the  Coliiiiiliia  Kiver. 

Tile  liarkeiitiiie  r.  /..  'lavlot  loaded   liiinlier  at  I'ortlaiitl  for  Callao.    This  vessel,  for  many  years  in  ihc 

eoastiiiK  trade,  was  a  historic  ernft,  and  during  the  Civil  War  saiUil  a^  ilit 

KiiiilHiat   W'iiioiKi,  attaehcd  to  Farraniil's  lleet,  and  was  the  first  vess<  I  to 

run  the  Idockaile  in  the  Mississippi.     The  liark  ('(im/»ii(t;f  and  Itarkeiilim- 

y</'//'  .•/.  /•'(ilkriihiii;   made  le^tilar  trips  between  the  Coliinihia  River  iiiiil 

the  Sandwich  Island.s,  and  the  W'liisllit,  .l/>ii<i/iii.   '/.,f>h\i\   ll'it'/oo/  aiiil  a 

niiniher  of  others  were  coasting  north  I'roiii  San  I'rancisco.     Pn^et  Soiiiurs 

latest  production,  the   hark    /'/i/i;/   ll'uir,  owned    hy   MeiHK'*  '"^  (lawliy, 

made  a  roniidtrip  record  lielweeii   Port  Madison  and  San  l''ranci.sco  wliiili 

remained  unchallenged  lor  many  years,  sailing;  to  the  Hn>  City,  when-  ^lu- 

discharne<l  7511,1111(1  feet  of  Innilier,  loaded  a  return  car^o  and  reachiil  I'mi 

Mailison  in  the  short  space  of  twenty  two  days.     The  /'oirsl  Miikl  \\,i> 

another   I'li^et  Sound  Iniilt  vessel  which  appeared  this  year.     She  wasn 

ceiiterldiard  schooner  of  aliout  one  hundred  and  sixty  tims  register,  and 

was  launched  with  her  ri>;n'"K  coinplelc.     Captain  Ivdwards,"  late  of  llic 

/V(((i)«,  took  charne  and  oiH'rated  her  in  the  redwood  lumlier  trade.     Two 

other  small  schooners,  the  l.i)<liltiin^  and  the   Toh\  were  constructed  at 

Port   I.iidlow  ill   1H711.     I'liKct  Sound's  lumlier  fleet  was  larger  than  ever 

l)efi)ie.     All  ol  the  old  timers  in  the  coasting  trade  were  in  active  service, 

and  a  ureat  many  vessels  came  iVom  foreign  ports      The  hark  Aiii,  Cajit. 

J.  H.  Swift,'"  was  plyiiiu  In'tweeii  the  Sound  and  the  Sandwich  Islands  in 
C^i'T.  William  Iiikhiiiikki'  \    j      r, 

this  trade. 

Marine  casualties  in  i.Sjowere   fewer  than  duriiiK  the  preceding  year,  although   a  mtinher  of  accidiiits. 

several  of  wliicli  were  accompanied  hy  loss  of  life,  were  reported.     The  sclinoner  Chnmfiion.  from  Astoria  I'nr 

Shoalwater  Hay,  was  wrecked  011  the  bar,  April  istli.     She  was  under  charter  to  Mr.  Mud^je  of  Astoria  to  lake  a 

car^o  of  lumber  to  the  Hay,  and  while  on  the  bar,  bound  out,  the  wind  failed,  and  the  vessel  was  olili^ed  to  anchor. 

Diiriii>;  the  iii>;ht  a  heavy  swell  came  on,  and  the  schooner  was  capsi/ed.     Captain  Dod^je  and  son,  H.  Stevens  of 

Astoria,  and  an  Indian  boy,  started  for  Astoria,  were  driven  back   by  the  storm,  and  on  iieariiijf   the  wreck  their 

boat  overturned,  and  all  except  the  Indian  were  <lrowued.     He  esca|H;d  by  lashing  himself  to  the  l)oat,  and  was 

washed  ashore  near  Oysterville  next  morniiiK.     The  schooner  I'.lleii,  another  ^ 

small  coaster,  was  wrecked  on  Shoalwater  Hay  a  few  days  later,  the  crew 

fortunately   escaping.      Hoth    vessels    were    built    for   the   Tillamook    and 

Shoalwater   trade   about    1X65.      The  American   bark  Zefiliyr,  from   I'uget 

Sound  for  San  Francisco,  struck  a  rock  near  Mayiie  Island,  February  i,Uh, 

knocking  a  big  hole  in  the  hull,  after  which  she  slid  off  and  sank  in  ninety 

fatlrniis  of  water.     Captain  Hipson  and  seaman  James  Stewart  lost  their 

lives,  and  First  Officer  I.usi-,  and  the  remainder  of  the  crew  reached  Victoria 

in  a  small  boat.     The  pioneer  bark  Charica  Di  veils  was  wrecked  in  I'ebriiary, 

while  attempting  to  sail  out  of  Coos  Hay  laden  with  l-imber.     She  became 

waterlogged,  was  brought  back  to  North  Hend,  and,  on   discharging  her 

cargo,  was  found  to  be  so  badly  damaged  that  repairs  were  not  attempted, 

and  she  was  abandoned  on  the  mud  flats.     The  schooner  Comviotloir,  while 

going  into  the  Cofpiille  at  low  tide,  October  22d,  struck  a  rock  and  sank. 

The  bark  Oaithiil,  while  crossing  Coos  Hay  bar.  May  ,^1,  in  tow  of  the  tug 

/■'earless,  parted  her  haw.ser  and  was  driven  ashort  by  the  heavy  south  wind. 

No  lives  were  lost,  but  the  vessel  was  stripped  and  abandoned.     The  North  Pacific  Transportation  Coinpaiiv's 

steamship  Aelite.  from  San   Francisco  to  Victoria  in  command  of  Captain  Lyons,  struck  a  rock  .south  of  Cape 

Mendocino,  sustaining  injuries  which  rendered  it  necessary  to  beach  her.     The  passengers  and  crew  reached  shore 

"  Ciipt.  William  I'.  Kilwards  was  born  iu  Maine  in  1847.  His  first  experience  in  tlie  marine  Imsiiiess  whs  011  tlie  AtlxnMc 
Coast,  sailing  011  iltep-waler  vessels.  He  came  to  tlie  I'arific  on  the  sliip  A/ir  Oak.  anil  tlicii  joined  tlic  schooner  /.  A'.  Il'/ii/i'ix  mi 
hci  initial  voya(.;iv  After  .she  was  wrecked  he  ran  on  the  bark  .lilelaiile  l'oof>e>  as  mate,  and  then  on  the  .ship  Diibliii  for  one  inii  in 
the  same  capacity  and  afterward  as  master.  He  entered  the  employ  of  William  J.  Adams  soon  after  and  remained  with  him  lir 
ei)(hteen  years,  ninniiiK  during  that  time  on  the  barks  Oregon,  Oissanilia  .  Ii/miis,  Olympus  amiy.  /!/,  (Iiiffilh.  He  was  then  niii^ur 
of  the  steamer  Mary  lluiiie  un  Kel  River  for  two  years,  and  now  occnpies  that  position  on  the  steamship  Hiiiiiholill. 

"Capt.  J.  H.  Swilt  was  born  at  Middleboro,  Mass.,  July  4,  1S16.  He  went  to  sea  at  the  line  of  fourteen,  serving  on  whaliis, 
and  worked  his  way  from  the  position  of  cabin  boy  to  that  of  mate.  .\t  the  aee  of  twenty-one  he  was  a  muster  on  sailing  vessels  nut 
of  New  York,  and  was  with  the  ships  6V(»;y  ami  /•'((»;«<««,  and  the  liark  --/«(/(/)>•  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  remaining  on  these  lliiic 
vessels  about  einht  years.  In  i,S55  and  1X56,  while  captain  of  the  .hiatlyr,  he  made  two  trips  to  I'rance  with  spars  for  the  KreiuU 
Oovernuient,  loading  at  Camaano  I.sland.  In  |S6.^  Captain  Swift  located  on  a  farm  at  Wliidby  Island,  returniiiK  to  the  water  in  1^7" 
as  captain  of  the  bark  .//'(/,  with  which  he  took  a  cargo  of  lumber  to  the  Sandwich  Islands.  I'roni  |.S7,S  to  i.SiSo  he  was  pilot 
commissioner  for  Washington  Territory,  and  was  afterward  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature.  Captain  .Swift  died  at  Conpevi'e, 
Wash.,  in  May,  1892.     His  son,  Capt.  K.  A.  Swift,  is  now  a  prominent  steamboat  captain  on  I'uget  Sound. 


CaI'I.   j.    11.   SWIIT 


Remarkablti  Trip  of  the  "Shothonv,"  Willamottv  and  Columbia  Transportation  Enterpriitt  189 


It:* 


>«r  k  \MKh      ■  NiiK  III    !■  \i  II  K 


in  milolv,  but  the  vcnsel  was  n  totnl  loiw.  The  Mti-nmsliip  ('oHliHittlal,  whicli  bnniKht  oiil  the  Mercer  %\xU  in  iHfift, 
wa*  I  iiiKht  ill  II  KiiK-  wliili'  i-rnssiiiK  thi-  Oiilf  of  Culiforiiiii,  Si'|>tfiiilH.'r  J7tli,  mid  foiinik-ri-tl,  I'inht  laiiple  |n-titiK 
lliiMi  lives.  Till'  i'ioifiiiiiiliil  WHS  ill  ciiiiitimnii  of  Ciiiit.  Chris  Dull,  who  wiis  si-viTi'ly  ((.•iisiiriil  lor  hi->  comliut  on 
thi-  •'  i.ision.     Tiic  survivors  witv  pifkvtl  up  !•>■  tliv  stiMiiishi|>  ( \<li<nulo  and  tliv  lliiittd  Stalvs  stvaiiur  lh>/<ii\ 

Notable  dentils  in  the  marine  circle  in  1870  were  Capl.  John  11.  Couch  at  I'orllaiid.  Capt.  W.   H   Wells, 

who  was  drowned  at  Shoal- 
water  Hay.  and  Capt.  Syl- 
vester Hinsdale,  the  I'nipipm 
pioneer,  who  died  at  l.arainie, 
Wyoming'.  Captain  Sher- 
wood, who  ran  north  on  the 
(iiissir  'I'lllair  and  a  number 
of  other  steamships,  was 
drowned  ofT  the  coast  of 
Japan  while  ciinav;ed  in  the 
pilot  service. 

Steamboat  buildiiiK. 
which  hud  been  slightly 
checkeil  during  the  past  few 
>ears,  started  in  >vilh  renewed 
vinor  in  1.S71.  aiid  over  a 
score  of  first  class  steamers 
were  set  alloat  in  different 
parts  of  the  Northwest.  <  )n 
I'liHil  SiHind,  where  opposition  was  fierce,  a  truce  was  eflTected  by  the  paMuent  of  a  subsidy  of  }i,4()ii  a  month  to 
iMiK'li  \  Wright,  in  consideration  of  their  withdrawal  from  the  OlymjiiaVictoria  route.  This  );ave  the  Starrs 
coiitriil  ol  that  rich  tratVic,  and  they  arraii>;e(l  to  maintain  the  monopoly  by  building  the  Xorlli  I'luiiii,  a  boat  which 
has  retained  her  prestige  loiijjer  than  any  other  I'li^et  Sound  steamer,  with  the  possible  exception  of  the  /•'.Iha 
.hii/iisoii.  The  A''////  /'(iri/i<  was  launched  at  San  l-'ranci.sco.  May  i8tli,  and  arrived  at  Dlymjiia,  June  1.},  i,S7i. 
Witli  such  a  comparatively  ecomunical  as  well  as  elegantly  ec|iiipi)ed  craft,  the  Starrs  decided  that  they  were  jiroof 
,i(;aiiisl  any  oiiposition  which  mi>;ht  arise,  and  accordinjjly  discontinued  the  subsidy  to  the  owners  of  the  C'/iin/'/ii, 
whicli  in  a  very  short  time  was  back  on  the  route.  Then  began  the  (4reatest  steamboat  war  that  the  vSound  had 
yet  witnessed.     Captain  Starr  opened   hostilities  with    a    grand    free 

excursion  on  June  Jijth.     Two  days  before  he  had  raced  the  A'oith  ' 

PiuijU  against  the  Ohnipia,  making  the  run  from  N'ictoria  to  Port 
Townscnd  in  two  hours  and  forty-one  minutes,  three  minutes  better 
time  than  his  o]>ponetit.  Odds  were  about  even  with  the  parties 
en(;at;cil  in  this  warfare,  the  boats  were  well  matched  as  to  speed,  and 
their  liiiancial  b.icking  was  about  eijual.     The  Victoria  peojilc  favored 

tile  steamer  Olymfiia,  while  the  I'uget  Sound  contingent  were  inclined  \ 

to  support  the  A'oiili  I'tirilir.  Taking  these  conditions  into  considera- 
tion. Captain  Starr  soon  realized  that  he  had  made  a  mistake  in  cutting 
off  tile  subsidy,  and.  after  a  miinber  of  very  pretty  steamboat  races, 
aiiulliei  compromise  was  efTected  in  July,  by  which  Kiiich  iSc  Wright 
disposed  of  their  wharf  at  Olymiiia,  the  steamer  /-i/iui  .liuhrsoii  and 
all  iillier  steamboat  interests  held  by  them  on  the  Sound,  and  further 
agreed  to  withdraw  the  (Vvm/'iii  from  that  field  for  all  time.  While 
tile  iippositiou  lasted,  rates  <lropped  to  twenty-five  and  fifty  cents  for 
the  imiiid  trip  between  Victoria  and  Sound  ports.  When  the  Starrs 
were  aj;aiii  in  absolute  control,  they  decided  not  to  invite  coinpetition 
by  living  to  maintain  the  excessive  charges  previously  in  vogue. 
Aciuriliiigly  a  rate  was  made,  from  Olympia  to  Tacoma  or  Seattle, 
$J.'";  to  Port  Townsend,  5,V5'>;  to  Victoria,  S,s.<x) ;  meals,  seventy- 
five  cents  ;  staterooms,  S4  txi.  The  A\>iih  Pik'/ii  continued  on  the 
\'icl.iiia  run  in  charge  of  Starr  for  .several  years.  Captains  Clancey. 
SiiiiUi  ami  Wilson  also  running  in  command.  In  i,S76  she  raced  from 
Victoria  to  Port  Townsend  with  the  steamship  Dnkola.  making  the  trip  in  two  and  one-half  hours,  distancing  her 
rival  half  a  mile.  The  Starrs  kept  her  on  the  route  for  which  she  was  built  until  they  disposed  of  their  interests 
to  tlu-  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  and  until  the  ai)i)earance  of  the  Olyiiiftiaii  and  .  l/ashiii  she  was 
regained  as  the  flagship  of  the  Sound  fleet.  In  1885  she  i-  Me  a  walking-beam  and  cylinder,  sustaining  damages 
anii'iinling  to  $30,000,  but  was  again  repaired,  and  continued  in  commission,  except  at  intervals,  until  the  Union 


CAI'I  .     IIANIKI.    MUKKIS 


I 


''     it.      ,— . 


ill 

k 


igo 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Pacific  abandoned  the  Sound.  She  was  then  laid  up,  but  afterward  made  occasional  trips  in  place  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  steamer  tV/r  o/'  Khit;slon  until  February,  1894,  when  she  was  permanently  retired.  Nearly  all  the 
prominent  steatnboatmen  on  Puget  Sound  have  been  employed  at  various  times  on  this  steamer.     Capt.  Cuiirge 

Roberts  began  his  career  with  her  over  twenty  years  ago  and  was  the  last  man 
to  command  her.  Captains  Dan  Morr'-nn,''  McAlpin,  Dixon,  Anckison, 
Browner, "  Orr,  Jordison,  and  the  Starrs,  wore  also  among  her  masters,  and  \'an 
Tassell,  Howell,''  Driscoll,'  and  a  score  of  other  well  known  engineers,  liave 
served  with  her.  The  North  Pacific  was  built  from  plans  made  by  John  Cate.s, 
Yates  i*t  CoUyer  of  San  Francisco  performing  the  work.  Siie  was  one  humlred 
and  seventy-eight  feet  long,  fifty-two  feet  beam  over  all. 

At  Freeport,  Wash.,  or,  as  it  is  now  called.  West  Seattle,  Capt.  Gi-orye 
White  built  the  propeller  l-'.tl<i  White,  to  be  u.sed  as  a  towboat  for  the  Frei;pi>rt 
Mill  Company.  The  steamer  is  still  afloat  and  is  now  owned  by  Capt.  Henry 
Smith,"  who,  except  at  intervals,  had  command  of  her  for  over  twenty  three 

^■'Capt.  Datiit'l  Morrison  is  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia  and  coinnifnced  liis  marine  life  on 
sailing  vessels  on  the  .Mlanti':  Coast,  remaining  tliere  in  the  coasting  and  deep-water  trade 
until  1862,  when  he  moved  to  Pnget  Sound  atnl  hegan  steamho.'iting  on  the  ICiiza  .  Initi-t^in. 
He  remained  with  this  steamer  several  years,  soon  reaching  the  position  of  master  and 
hainlling  Iter  on  nearlv  every  route  on  which  site  was  operated  during  her  career.  When  the 
Starr  Hrotliers  snccee<ie<l  Finch  &  Wright, 
Captain  Morrison  remained  with  the 
Capt.  (.kokur  H.  hhownkr  steamers,  and  while  in  that  service  tanght 

Captain  Starr  some  valnahle  lessons  in 
steamhoaling,  of  the  practical  part  of  which  that  nnignate  knew  hut  little  when 
he  lir.sl  eml>arke.!  on  the  Sound.  While  engaged  with  tlic  Starrs.  Captain  Morri- 
son coinmandeil  lia'  Istihcl,  Aliila.  Xoilh  /'iici/ir,  and  all  of  the  steamers  operated 
on  tlie  Victoria  re  ate,  and  no  man  who  ever  serveil  there  made  a  lietter  record. 
While  running  tilt  /suAc/ and  the  A"/;-!!  .-hidfisoii  Captain  Morrison  liecame  an 
expert  in  the  navif;  aioii  of  Ilritish  CoUimliia  waters,  and  retired  from  the  steamer 
service  in  the  seventies  to  accejil  a  position  as  deeji-water  pilot  in  the  Victoria 
district.  In  this  capacity  he  has  remained  up  to  the  present  time,  never  meeting 
with  the  slightest  accident  with  any  vessel  in  his  charge.  Captain  Morrison  has 
now  completed  a  third  of  a  century  of  service  in  the  Northwest,  and  there  are  li.it 
few  men  living  who  have  taken  a  more  active  jiart  in  the  business  on  Puget 
Sound  and  liritish  Columbia. 

■'"Capt.  Cieorge  II.  Urowner  was  horn  in  Halifax,  Nova  .Scotia,  in  1841,  and 
comnienced  steamhoating  on  the  Sound  in  1S6S  on  the  /ilizn  .Imlfison,  leaving 
her  the  following  vear  to  make  a  trip  to  Honohiln  on  a  brig  sailing  from  I'liget 
Soniid,  On  his  return  he  served  as  mate  on  the  steamers  /'/izii  .  hiilcisoii.  .l/ictti 
and  Xoilh  l\uifu\  afterward  commanding  the  two  latter  vessels  and  also  the 
steamer  Annie  Stewail.  He  made  a  good  record  as  a  steamboatman,  but  die<l 
while  still  young. 

•'John  J.  Howell,  engineer,  was  bom  in  Ireland  in  1.S45.  and  coinmenced  his 
marine  career  ont  of  Knglish  ports  on  steamers  in  i86v  His  first  experience  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  was  in  1871  ,  when  he  was  eiigageil  on  the  steamship  Idaho 
between  Portland  and  San  I'rancisco.  In  187,^  he  ran  to  Victoria  cm  the  sleain- 
sliip  I'linif  Alfird,  remaining  with  her  for  two  years,  and  sulise(|uentiy  ran  south, 
from  San  I'"raiicisco  for  a  few  months.  He  was  next  cliief  engineer  on  the  I'uget 
Sound  tug  .S".  /..  Masliik  a  year,  and  was  afterward  on  the  lowboats  lun'oiilc  and 
Kolic.  He  then  returned  to  Victoria,  and  served  as  chief  on  the  steamer  /■'inniii, 
going  from  her  to  the  Xoith  I'tuilic,  where  he  ran  with  Captain  Clancey  for  six 
months  until  the  new  tug  .l/cvam/cr  was  complcte<l,  on  which  he  served  as  chief 

engineer  for  two  vears,  and  was   chief  on    the   steamer   .Ucxanitfi   when  .Mex  John  J.  IIowki.i. 

McLean  took  her  on  a  sealing  exiicdition  out  of  San  Krancisco.     Other  vessels  on 

which  he  nas  worked  as  chief  engineer  are  the  tug  Mai  r  .  Inn  on  Ilnmbiddt  bar  for  two  years, 

the  G';///'/('w/(7/ two  years,  anil  the  steamer  A'ca'/u'i  n  running  form  San    h'rancisco  to  Mexican 

',""'.  ports.     He  held  this  position  on  the  tug  A'ohatts  when  she  capsi/ed  on  \\f\  River  bar.  snireriii^ 

serious    damage    and    drowning   Captain    Adams.      .Since   returning    frtmi    his   cruise   on   llie 
Alt'.vandt'y,  lie  has  been  employed  on  shore  most  of  the  time. 

■■'James  Driscoll,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  i.8.|().  ami  after  his  arrival  in  iliis 
country  in  the  early  sixties  was  engaged  for  several  years  in  the  steamship  setvice  bet\\ccii 
lialtiniore,  Charlestcm  and  Savannah.  His  first  work  on  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  wm-^  as 
fireman  on  the  .lint  in  1869,  .ami  from  this  steamer  he  went  to  the  Oneonta  as  second  engituer. 
He  snbsetiucutly  moved  to  the  .Sound  and  served  for  a  short  time  on  the  steamers  (,'otiali  and 
North  J\u'ih(\  and  after  his  return  to  Oregini  was  emploved  as  second  engineer  on  the  steamers 
(hovhfc,  '/'evino  and  Yal^iina  on  the  upper  river,  and  on  the  l/aywaiii,  I'aisy  Aiii<:<:'illi, 
Ilonita  and  .  Uinic  Stc^rat  I.  He  snbse(|iieiitly  returned  to  Puget  Sound  and  was  eng.'tged  t'>r  a 
few  months  on  the  ll'cnat  and  also  as  chief  on  the  steamer  Fanny  /.ahc,  but  soon  came  back  to 
Portlanil  to  take  the  position  of  chief  on  the  Onconla.  When  the  Willamette  steamer  In'.rrr 
started  for  .Alaska,  he  went  with  her  to  Victoria  as  second  engineer,  and  (Voir  that  point  I'lok 
charge  of  her  engines.  On  his  return  he  was  for  over  a  year  chief  engineer  of  the  i-'annv  /^a/'>>ti, 
and  has  since  been  employed  in  this  capacity  on  the  steamers  (iovcinor  itroi-ct,  /u'nj>i:it, 
Chainpiiin,  .Ilia;  /;'.  A'.  Cdot,  (hhtaliaina,  />i.rir  7Vioin/ison,  S.  (,'.  A'liil,  /■'inma  //iii.wnJ. 
and  nearly  all  of  the  Oregon  Railway  N:  Navigation  fieei.  Jlr.  Driscoll  has  held  papers  as 
chief  engineer  for  twenty  years. 

"■'Capt.  Henry  .Smith  was  born  in  New  York  and  became  proficient  in  the  marine  pi"lfs- 
CAi'T.  IlKNKv  Smith  sion  on  the  Eastern  coast.     He  reacheil  Paget  Soniiil  in  r.Sfii.  ami  shortly  after  his  arrival  luiniil 

employment  on  the  Ftiza  .tndcrson.  In  1871  he  was  interested  with  Capt.  (ietirge  Wliit  in 
building  the  steamer  Ftta  IVhite,  ami  when  she  was  finislieil  assumed  commaiid  and  ran  her  for  over  twenty  years.  In  1875  he  Miik 
her  to  British  Columbia,  operating  her  as  a  towboat  until  1894,  wlieii  he  gave  her  up  to  take  the  tug  Hfogiit.  which  he  purch.ist  i  i" 
Taconia  ami  registered  under  the  Ilritish  Mag.  There  are  many  marine  men  who  have  pursued  their  vocation  in  the  Northwest  du.iiig 
a  longer  period  than  Captain  Smith,  hut  it  is  probable  that  he  holds  the  record  for  the  longest  continuous  service  on  one  steamer 


li:  ►  ■ 


<.'  rSf^  -■*■ 


Remarkable  Trip  of  the  "Shoshone,"  Willamette  and  Columbia  Transportation  Enterprises 


191 


year>.  l(.':iviiig  her  in  1894  to  take  the  tug  Moi^iil.  The  F.l/a  IVhilc  ran  for  a  short  time  on  Puget  Sound,  hut 
was  atlerwarcl  sold  to  the  Port  Moody  Mill  Company  in  1875,  Captain  Smith  going  with  her  to  Hritish  waters, 
wlun- lie  has  since  remained.     The  //'////cwas  a  good  towboat  of  about  one  hundred  tons  gross  register.     Tlie 

steamer  (iolia/i,  which  had  made  occasional  trips  to  Xortlivvestern  ports 
twenty  years  before,  became  a  permanent  fixture  on  Puget  Sound  in 
1.S71,  coming  up  from  San  Francisco  in  March  in  command  of  Captain 
Hayden,  and  entering  the  service  of  the  Port  Gamble  Mills,  Cajit. 
Thomas  Butler  ''  having  charge  for  a  few  months,  and  Henjamin  \'.  Ro.se, '' 
Jeremiah  McGill'"  and  Williamson  being  among  her  first  engineers.  A 
sketch  of  her  career  since  that  time  will  be  found  in  the  third  chapter. 

The  steamer  /.<f>liy>\  at  present  the  oldest  sternwlieeler  on  Puget 
.Sound,  was  built  at  Seattle  in  i.S;!  by  J.  F.  T.  Mitchell  '  and  M.  M. 
Robi)ins  for  the  Seattle  and  Olynipia  route.  Capt.  Thomas  A.  Wright 
was  her  first  master,  with  Charles  II.  Low,"  mate,  Wright  remaining  with 
her  until  1875,  when  she  was  turned  over  to  Capt.  X.  L.  Rogers.  Two 
years  later  .she  was  sold  by  the  sheriff  to  M.  H.  Stacey  for  ?,;.,vso.  Capt. 
George    I).    Me.s.scgee*    then    purchased    an    interest    in    the    steamer, 

•'  Capt.  Thomas  liuller  was  l)orii  in  Boston  in  iS.ju  and  wtMit  to  sea  at  the  a^c 
of  tliirlceii,  sailing'  liclwuen  Ni'w  Vork  and  I.iveriiool,  and  afturward  to  .Sonth 
America  and  Calcutta.  He  made  a  trip  to  San  I'Vjinciso(»  in  i.Ss,^  in  the  dipper 
GohiiH  /uif:li\  and  aKain  in    1X55  in  the  chjiper  H'lilwuiil  l/n.     lie  arrived  at  Port 


Townsend  ill   1S6S,  where  he  has  since  had 


mand  of  several 


Hl'I.NJAMIN    V.    KllSK 


amoiij;  them  hein^  the  l>arks  Miltiii,  littttui  I'is/it  .and  /<("/('.v  C/it's/i>ii.  When  the 
(f'ii//i;/;  came  to  the  Sound  in  iS7i,he  ran  her  for  ahoiit  six  monlhs.  ( If  hue  vears 
he  has  heeii  eii^a^red  in  the  stevedoring  business  at  I*ort  Towuseml.  While  lii  tlie 
merchant  marine  service  he  was  in  India  during  the  rehellion  of  is.sS.  and  in  iSI-i\ 
the  hark  ll'/iis/Z/m;  11  hid  w.as  taken  from  him  hy  the  Confederate  cruiser  ( 'oqiiellc,  ami  chiriii);  the  .Arj.jeiiline  reheUion  of  i.Sds-iih 
he  was  in  tlic  Sontli  .American  trade. 

■'■' Henjamin  V.  Rose,  engineer,  was  born  ill  London  in  lS4g  and  came  to  San  l"ranci.sco  in  1S71 .  lie  joined  the  ste.iiiisliip 
/.I'.v  .hti^f'/t's,  ])iyin^  to  ,S:in  Pedro,  soon  after  liis  arrival,  and  spent  a  \ear  in  tile  Pacilic  Mail  service  rnnnin;;  to  China,  and  another 
year  on  the  P.mania  route  While  o'l  I'mjel  Sound  he  served  for  several  months  on  the  lii);  (in/in/i.  Other  vessels  with  which  he  has 
iieea  conni'cted  are  the  . //(a/(7  runniii)^  to  Coos  Hay,  IVaiiti  U'tjlla  to  Piii^et  Sound.  '/V/A/'W('('X' to  Tillamook,  and  »lie  Sacramento 
River  steamers  /.  /',  /'rlt'is.  (.'af'l.t,  1  //VA,;  and  .S"i7h  l.oiriizK  lie  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Pacifu-  Midi  Coinjiany  for  six  years.  In 
aildiliou  to  his  marine  service.  Mr.  Kr)se  has  worked  on  shore  at  the  rnion  Iron  Works,  Risdon  Iron  Works,  tl'alifnrnia  Machine 
Works,  and  the  Central  .and  Southern  Pacilic  Company's  slui])S.  Hefore  coming  to  this  country  he  served  in  the  Hritish  Navy  on  the 
^milioat  .  //vv'.'i",  suhsequently  j^oini;  to  the  l\ast  Indies,  where  he  spent  three  years  ;is  enj^incer  on  ^overnineni  vessels. 

■'lereiniah  McCdll  was  horn  in  New  Vork  in  I.S.|2,  and  ifier  heooiniti),'  an  engineer  w.is  employed  on  the  .Atlantic  Coast 
oil  diifcreiu  steamers  in  the  nicrchant  service  ami  in  the  navy.  lie  visited  California  in  iShS  and  was  for  a  short  lime  on  the 
old  siilcwheeler  Cii/ifoinia.  and  in  iS7n  coinmenced  running  north  from  Portland  to  .Sitka  on  the  propeller  (\iliti'i iiin.  He 
W.IS  1)11  Ihis  route  for  three  ye.irs  and  then  took  char>;e  of  the  eiij^iiie-rootn  on  the  ln>;  {'•oliah  on  llie  Sound,  leaving  her  after  a  stay 
ol  luiir  vars  anil  KoiuK  over  to  Victoria  as  eiiKiiicc'r  on  the  pioneer  steamer  lleavt'i ,  where  he  remained  for  eighieeii  months.  i.)ii 
leaviiii;  the  hitler  he  was  otfereil  a  position  on  the  lii^  tug  Alt'vaudcr  and  remained  on  her  two  years.  l"roni  the  . //('.I'l/WtA';"  he 
entered  Spratt's  "Uiploy  and  ran  on  his  steamers  until  i,S.Sft,  when  he  returned  to  the  Sound  and  for  a  short  time  worked  on  the  l\li:a 
.liitiiison.     He  is  liviiii;  in  .Seattle  at  present. 

■'Capt  J.  I'.  T.  Mitchell  was  born  in  .Scotland  ill  1.S40.  He  came  to  the  .Sound  in  i86j,  and  ran  the  schooner  /.(•((//  from 
Seattle  lo  Victoria,  making  on  an  a-, erage  two  trips  a  week  dnriiij;  the  Cariboo  and 
Civil  War  excitements.  Tile  /-(■(///  was  owned  by  John  Robinson  of  Whidhy  Island, 
and  Ca]iiain  Mitchell  was  in  coinmand  for  nine  months,  after  which  he  bewail  build- 
iii>,'  slcainers  and  sailing  craft,  and  lUirinj;  his  time  li.as  completed  sixty-four  vessels. 
He  cnii>tnicled  the  steamer  /.t'^hyy,  the  first  sternwlieeler  on  the  Stuiiid  ;  the  \r//it\ 
lust  oil  the  Snolunnish  River ;  (  ./v./c/r,  wrecked  on  the  I'raser  ;  .-tllit'  /.  .  //j;('/',  the 
very  successful  scaler;  (.I'lVixr  I'.  Slmi,  sicamer  Oui\ii  (ih  :  sternwlieeler 
H'illi,- :  propelh's  Titlir,  Si\UII,,  A/ui y  /•'.  IViirv,  Cily  of  Shi  11:^001!,  and  the 
.S"«(,v((,  tile  first  propclU  r  on  tile  Sound  and  the  iirsl  passenger  steamer  to  run  to 
I'nrl  lilakely  ;  and  in  Hiitish  Columbia  the  steamers  SIciiszv.  on  Kamloops  I.ake, 
Mi'.Diir.  .jliiika  ami  (•'liilr.     Captain  Mitchell  is  still  eiiKa>;ed  in  shiiibuildiiiK. 

•'C;i]>t.  Charles  H.  I,ow  was  born  in  t)Iym]iia  ill  1S55.  and  bej^an  steamboat- 
iiiK  oil  the  ste.imer  /yp'ivr  in  i.Syi.  Hefore  he  was  twenty  years  of  af;e  he  had 
occiipu'il  the  j.osiiion  of  mate  on  the  /.t'phyi  and  Ytikiina^  and  in  1S76  was  captain 
of  the  sleamer  ('(•///().  towim;  lo>;s  for  the  Port  Hlakcly  mill.  He  left  her  to  take 
comiiiaihl  of  the  steamer  llUxck  IHaiiirnd  for  the  Tacoma  Jlill  Company,  and  in 
iSyS  mill  up  the  .Stiokeeii  River  with  Capt.  Hen  .Stretch  as  pilot  em  the  steamer 
Stills.  On  his  return  he  took  coininaiid  ot  the  steamer  /.  A',  t.ihhy  for  a  year. 
He  siilisci|ueiitly  purchased  an  interest  in  the  l.ihby  awA  in  the  sleamer  .\'('///i',  of 
wliiih  he  li.id  lakeii  command.  He  also  ran  the  steamer  Kiihy  for  about  a  year  and 
siitisiijiicntly  had  char^^e  of  the  steamer  //'.  /■'.  Miifnor,  on  which  he  remaineil  till 
the  time  of  his  death,  June  12,  1SS7. 

'  Capt.  Ceorj^e  I).  Messef^ee  of  Olynipia  is  a  native  of  Greece,  and  he^aii  his 
career  cm  the  water  on  the  romaiilic  Danube,  leaving;  there  when  but  a  hoy  for  a 
criii«-  nil  the  Meiliterraiieaii,  from  there  K"iiiK  '"  "i''  "lack  Sea.  and  afterward 
sailiiii;  on  the  .Atlantic  between  New  Vork  and  Murojiean  ports.  He  came  to  the 
I'aciti,-  Coast  about  thirt\'  ye.irs  a^o  ami  he^aii  sleamboatin^  on  Piij^et  Souiul  on 
tile  /.'.;,(  ,-liii/nsiiii,  a  steamer  wliic.i  has  been  the  training  school  of  more  PiiKel 
Soiiii.l  'iteamboatmeii  than  aiiv  other  craft  that  ever  ran  in  those  waters.  Captain 
Messi-  ;i  e  worked  up  from  the  position  of  ileckliaiid  until  he  was  master  of  the 
steiiiiii  r  and  had  established  a  repntatiim  as  one  of  the  best  fog  pilots  on  the  Sound. 
When  ihe  Oregim  Railway  S:  Navigation  Company  decided  to  send  the  steamer  IJalio  to  Puget  .Sound,  Captain  Messegee  w  is 
selei  1.  1  to  take  her  around  from  the  Columbia,  and  in  his  cliargi ,  with  the  assistance  of  l^iigineer  .Al  Mniigcr,  she  made  the  b.-sl 
recnni  of  any  river  steamer  that  )'ad  ever  atleiiipteil  the  trip.  Captain  Messegee  also  piloted  llie  /■'IttiwooJ  and  other  Culniiioia 
Kiver   leaniers  around  to  the  .Sound,  and  in  all  «i  his  experience  never  met  with  a  serious  aeciclenl. 


jKHKMI.\li  McOii.i. 


m 


■J:u  N 


if  ■  i  i 


I 

ii 


193 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Norttiwest 


siihsequently  disposing  of  his  portion  to  Barlow  &  Welch  of  Taconia.  Capt.  \V.  R.  Hallard' next  secnixd  the 
Zey/iyr  and  operated  her  for  nine  years,  selling  her  in  1887  to  the  Tacoina  Mill  Company,  in  whose  service  slie  has 
since  been  empU  yed  as  a  towboat.     Capt.  J.  A.  Hatfield  was  part  owner  and  master  of  her  for  a  short  time  before 

she  Wiis  sold,  and  Capt.  CharUt>  I,ow 
began  his  career  with  her  in  1871. 
Another  small  stern  wheeler  luariiij; 
the  misleading  name  Conn/  \v,is 
launclied  at  Seattle  in  1871  liy  Cap- 
tain Randolph,  who  was  the  first  man 
to  operate  a  steamer  on  Lake  Wash- 
ington. The  Comet  was  for  a  loiij; 
time  in  the  White  River  tradi'  ami 
ran  for  .several  years  on  nearly  all  tht 
routes  out  of  Seattle.  Charles  .Sperry 
was  one  of  her  earliest  engineers,  and 
Capt.  Samuel  J.  Denny,'"  D.mitl  Ben- 
son, George  liensou  '  and  others  were 
in  command  at  different  times.  .She 
passed  out  of  exi.stence  early  in  the 
eighties.  The  small  sidewheeler 
Clara  was  bu'lt  in  Seattle  in  1S71  by 
the  Seattle  Coal  &  Transportation 
Company,  who  used  her  almost 
She  was  small  and  slow  and  was  in  service  but  a  few  years.     The  Pliauloin  was 


i?ISi^ 


Stkamkk  "ZKrilVR' 


exclusively  as  a  towboat. 

taken  into  Lake  Washington  by  Capt.  John  Suffern,  who  had  .secured  a  contract  for  towing  barges  on  the  lake. 

Harry  Lord  ''  going  with  him  as  engineer  on  the  steamer.     After  the  .Starrs  had  .settled  their  differences  with 


:  , 


1  ,'  ft 

W 


-'Capt.  \V.  R.  Ballard  was  born  ill  Ohio  ill  1.S47  and  caine  to  the  l*acifie  Coast  will,  his  parents  ten  years  later.  His  first 
steaniboatiiig  was  011  the  /.iplirt,  anil  in  1S77  he  beeanie  master  of  the  steamer.  A  few  years  later  he  pnri-haseil  an  interest  in  lier. 
and  in  i8.S,i  heeame  sole  owner.  He  operated  the /c/i/dr  in  a  liinlily  profitable  manner  nntil  KSS7,  when  lie  sold  ont  and  eiUtreil 
other  pnrsuits  with  a  eonifortable  fortune  made  in  the  steamboat  business,  ami  is  at  present  a  prominent  capitalist  of  Seattle. 

'"Capt.  .Samuel  J.   leniiy,  of  Kenton,  Wash.,  >vas  born  in   Indiana  in   iSs^,  and,  after  reaehinj^  the  .Sound  in   1S72,  lHj;aii 
runnint^   on    the  steamer   i.  'inct.     He   subseiiuently    filled   ilifTerent   jiositions    on  the  pioP'-"r   steamers    Dai^y,   .htttir,   (iitzillc, 
.Ut-ssiiixt'i',  Cily  of  Oiiiiny    I,'  A'.  .lAvrr/'w  and  C'usiiutr.s.     Recently  he  has  been 
on  the  //liny  Jhiiliy  and  luiiiiiy  lake,  beiiiK  par    owner  of  the  latter  steamer. 

-' Ca])t.  Georf^e  Heuson  of  Seattle  was  born  in  London  in  1S41,  ,'iud  com- 
ineiieed  steamboating  in  the  No'-thwest  with  the  Oiifoiila  on  the  Columhi.i  River 
ill  1870.  He  was  in  tile  Drej^oii  Steam  Navigation  Company's  employ  for  some 
time  as  mate  on  the  steamers  Ocriiliiil,  Oiirnl,  .lii/iir  S/tUdi/,  .Iniiif  Faxon, 
John  fii)/fs,  t)i rif  '/'/loiii/isoii,  A/ti/io  and  .V  T.  CIniirh.  He  also  worked  011  the 
Willamette  River  steamers  Ohio,  (  ily  of' .Salem  and  .  /.  .  /.  A/eCiiUy.  He  went  to 
I'uget  Sound  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighties,  served  for  a  short  time  on  the 
I'iiy  of  (Jidiny,  owned  by  the  Washington  Steamboat  Company,  and  was  after- 
ward master,  mate  and  pilot  on  a  number  of  boats  owned  by  that  eompaiiy. 
Among  the  steamers  on  which  he  has  been  employed  on  the  Sound  are  the 
Washini;loii.  Zefihyr,  h'leela'ooil,  Fanny  Lake  ami  //'.  /•'.  Mnnioe.  He  was  on 
the  Fanny  /.ake  when  she  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  with  this  exception  has 
never  met  with  an  accident. 

'•Harry  I.ord  was  born  in  San  I'Vaiicisco  in  1S55,  going  to  I'nget  Sound 
with  his  parents  a  few  years  later,  where  his  father  found  emiiloyment  as  a  mill- 
wright ill  the  I'nget  Sound  Mills.  In  1871,  when  sixteen  years  of  age.  I.ord  was 
placed  in  the  engine-room  of  the  steamer  I'haiiloin,  under  the  direction  of  Capt. 
John  .\  .Sulfern,  an  (ddtiine  sleamship  engineer.  He  leinaiiied  in  this  position 
for  tliirleeu  months,  going  from  her  to  the  steamer  /.  /.'.  Lihby,  and  next  entering 
the  enijiloy  of  the  .Seattle  Coal  iS:  Transportation  Company  on  the  steamers  Lina 
C.  (iiay  and  Chehalis.  lieiug  too  young  to  obtain  a  license,  he  was  given  charge 
of  the  locomotive  rnnning  between  I. ake  I'nion  and  the  foot  of  I'ike  .Street, 
Seattle,  where  the  coal-chutes  wer»*  'ocated.  When  the  coniiiain-  suspendeil 
operations  in  1871,  Mr.  Lord  jiiiiie.l  lii,'  /Ihuk  Diamond,  leaving  her  t>)  take  a 
position  as  eugiiK*er  in  the  Tai'imia  .Mill,  which  be  resigned  beca'.if,e  of  sickness 
and  went  to  I'orll-.nd  and  .\stor'a,  where  he  worked  for  a  short  lime,  but  was  laid 
lip  for  twenty-six  inontlis  by  losing  a  tliiimb  while  railrnading  on  the  Oregon  J<i 
California.  In  1870  he  was  tnga'^ed  on  the  steamer  .SV/c,  as  lielween  Seattle  and 
Port  lilakely,  and  from  her  went  to  the  Reiiton  Coal  Company's  Oltee.  The 
I'nget  ^liU  Company  then  olVertd  him  a  position  as  assistant  engineer  o-i  the 
(lOliah,  which  he  accepted,  and,  when  that  stejimer  was  laid  iij).  he  worked  on 
the  i'akiina,  and  also  as  chief  on  the  Favoiile,  returning  to  the  Goliah  as  assistant 
until  March.  18S0,  and  then  joining  the  new  steamer  Daisy.  In  June,  iSHr,  he 
was  again  on  the  (ioiiah  as  chief  engineer,  ami  was  siibse(|iieiitly  on  the  steamer  (ieort^e  A".  .Stat) 


ClIAKl.HS    Sri  HHV 


III  >Iareh.  18.S2,  lie  was  ap|  "lalcd 


assistant  engineer  of  the  lightliouse  tender  .S'/;;(A;-/cX',  and  oil  June  is  was  iiiaile  chief,  filling  this  poMtiou  until  she  was  sold, 
1886.  He  tlieii  served  on  the  bar  tug  Cohinihia  as  engineer  for  a  few  months,  leaving  her  for  the  I'nited  States  steamer  (ieni 
G.  Wriiiht.  He  was  appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  lighthonse  tender  Afanzani/a,  September  7.  1S87.  am',  retained  that  pii- 
Se])teinbcr,  iSy2,  when  lie  was  deti'ched  and  or<lered  to  New  York  by  the  Lighthouse  Hoard  to  take  cjiaige  of  the  eugiiie-n 
the  new  ligluhouse  tender  Coinnihine.  He  caiiic  round  the  Horn  with  her  and  still  has  charge  of  her  engines.  During  i) 
career  Mr.  I.ord  has  been  very  successful,  and  has  always  enjoyed  the  entire  confidence  of  his  employers,  the  I.ighthmisi 


,..iril 


having  complimented  him  very  highly  on  his  trip  with  the  Cohtnibitie. 
than  a  great  many  men  who  were  in  the  business  during  his  infancy. 


While  still  young,  Mr.  I.ord  has  seen  more  years  of  -  'Vice 


Remarkable  Trip  of  the  "Shoshone,"  Willnmette  and  Columbia  Transportation  Enterprises 


193 


\^':[\'  .1 


I'incli  .\ 
purpose 
all  of  W 


Wrifjlii,  the  Piiget  Soiiiul  Steam  Navigation  Company  was  incorporated  at  Olympia  in  1871,  "for  the 
>f  navigating  the  waters  of  I'uget  Sound,  Admiralty  Inlet,  Straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
.ishington."     The  original  incorporation  was  for  $500,000,  in  shares  of  $5(X)  each,  with  the  right  to 

increase  to  $2,000,000.  The  following  officers  were  elected  .  J.  X. 
Goodwin,  president;  Marshall  Blinn,  vice-president;  K.  A.  Starr, 
secretary  and  treasurer;  I,.  M.  Starr,  Cyrus  Walker,  E.  S.  .Smith, 
J.   W.   Spragae,  J.   H.   Montgomery  and  O.  F.  Gerrish,   directors. 

The  steamer  Isabel,  which  wa:i  of  but  little  value  as  a  passenger 
boat  after  the  arrival  of  the  North  Pacific,  was  operated  by  Captain 
Clancey  as  a  towboat  in  British  Columbia  waters.  The  last  traces  of 
mail  cor.tractor  Nash's  ill-starred  steamboat  ventures  vanished  from 
the  Sound  early  in  the  year  when  the  steamer  /  'ariiiia  was  .sent  to  the 
Columbia  River,  Captain  Hubbard  taking  her  around.  A  very  impor- 
tant event  in  marine  circles  on  Puget  Sound  was  the  establishment  of 
an  inspection  district,  with  headquarters  at  Seattle.  Capt.  William 
Hammond  "  was  the  first  Inspector  of  Hulls,  and  Isaac  Parker  was 
appointed  Inspector  of  Boilers.  Hammond  was  succeeded  by  Capt. 
Henry  Morgan.  '  The  following  is  a  list  of  tho.so  receiving  lie"  .5es  : 
Masters,  George  F.  Fry,  George  I.evany,  E.  A.  Starr,  Thomas  A. 
Wright;  pilots,  John  Bell,  T.  M.  Bronnell,  A.  J.  Belmont,  J.  R. 
Blythe,  J.  Bennett,  John  T.  Connick,  William  Gove,  J.  R.  Guindoii, 
William  Hayter,  J.  S.  Hill,  I).  S.  Hill.  Herman  Hansen,  vSamucl 
Jack.son,  S.  I).  Libby,  Hiram  Olney,  ,S.  P.  Randoljih,  James  Smith, 
Henry  Smith,  J.  A.  SufTern,  Charles  Willoughby,  Alfred  Waitc, 
Chris  Williams  ;  engineers,  J.  C.  Brittain,  '  John  Brit,  George  Coupe, 
Matthew  O'Connell,  John  Cunningham,  Charles  Clarke,  John  T. 
Coleman,  Miles  C.  Darcy,  Thomas  Doyle,  .Manson  I'"awkes,  James 
Ciriffiths,  .\.  J.  Hill,  Mo.ses  Hart,  Thomas  Hoey,  James  Kirsch,  Dennis  I.awler,  Thomas  Osgood,  Thomas 
re.ircc, '  J.  J.  Robertson,  William  Steele.  C.  H.  Steadman.  John  M.  Terry,  J.  T.  Williamson,  J.  R.  Williamson. 
This  does  not  include  all  of  the  licensed  men  then  running  on  the  Sound,  as  luigineer  \'an  Tassell  and  several 
other  well  known  old-timers  had  secured  licenses  from  the  Portland  di.slrict  before  the  new  oflice  was  established. 


'Ciipt.  William  IIaiiiiiiuii<1  was  horn  in  I'airliaveii,  Mass.,  in  iSj^^i,  and,  when  a  young  man,  learneil  tlif  trade  of  naval  arehiteel 
.md  sliiphuilder,  lollowinj;  his  prttfession  at  New  Hedford,  New  York,  and  other  .Atlantic  ports,  until  1S5S,  wlien  he  went  to  Seattle. 
lli>  lir.^l  work  of  importance  on  the  Sound  was  the  steamship  John  T.  Wi'iKliI, 
ttliicli  In-  i-onslrneled  at  Port  I.udUnv.  lie  also  Iniilt  the  pioneer  steamer  j.  II. 
/;7i/m.  tlif  /i-ph\f.  F.'.iiiii^et .  .\V///V.  and  ji  large  numher  of  other  well  known 
I'liiit'l  Soinid  vessels.  He  superintended  tlie  eonslnu'lion  of  the  steamer  (ii't'ri^t' 
l\.SI(iii.  iinil.  on  reliriu);  from  the  olliee  of  inspector,  set  afloat  a  numher  of 
(itiier  steamers  and  schooners.     lie  died  in  ,Seattle,  Jainiary  9,  1-S91 . 

"Capt.  IIenr\-  Miirgan  of  Port  Townsend  was  horn  in  Connecticut  in 
|S;5.  M  the  age  of  twenty  four  he  joineil  a  party  of  young  men  from  the 
iieijililntrhood  of  Hartford,  who  purchased  the  hark  .St'hua  and  started  for  the 
Ciililor'ii.i  ^nld  mines,  .'trriving  at  ,San  I'r.'iiU'isco  in  Sei)temher,  1S49.  Soon 
iflfrwuiii  lie  liecanie  interested  in  .a  line  of  steam  and  sail  hoals  on  the  .^aera 
itimlo  Kiver,  lint  left  this  husiness  in  1S51  to  make  a  voyage  around  the  world 
lU'  ^^l)^e^|llentl\■  saileil  oiU  of  Melhourne  and  other  .\ustralian  ports  for  a  perit)d 
'if  fifteen  months,  relnruing  to  San  I'Vancisco  in  1X5-,,  and  engageil  in  the  steve- 
il'irin^  liiisiiicss  with  his  two  hrothers  until  1S5S,  when  he  c.'ime  north  with  the 
M'liooner  Miilililti  ll,)on  loaded  with  merchandise.  He  retired  from  the  water 
iti  1S5()  and  farmed  for  ten  \ears,  serving  a  term  as  a  representative  in  the 
Tciriiorid  Legislature  during  this  time.  When  I'uget  Sound  was  separated 
Irimi  llie  Portland  sleamhoat  inspection  district.  Captain  Morgan  succeeded 
t-'apt.  William  Ilanimoml  as  inspector  and  held  tlie  olliee  for  over  five  years, 
liisilulies  cxlending  from  the  Columliia  Kiver  to  .Alaska.  On  his  retirement  he 
t*ii^a(/i'il  in  husiness  at  Port  Townsend  and  has  since  resided  there.  In  i88.|  he 
imrrlLised  the  lug /.«.  1  for  the  Treadwell  Mining  Company  at  Douglas  Island. 
iti'l  traik  her  10  .Alaska  for  the  new  owners.  In  additiou  to  his  other  iluties,  he 
^fived  ii.i  a  few  years  as  pilot  counnissioner  for  the  ,Smind. 

'Capt.  J.  C.  Hrittain  was  horn  in  Pennsylvania,  hut  removed  to  Michigan 
at  all  early  age  la  giuning  his  marine  career  on  the  great  lakes,  where  he  after- 
ward eniiim.inded  a  numher  of  sailing  vessels.  lie  left  the  lakes  about  I.S71  on 
acioiint  nl  ill  health  and  went  to  Seattle,  his  first  emplovment  heing  with  J.  k. 
\Villiaiii~..ii  Later  he  heeame  owner  of  the  steamers  '/',;ise>'  and  /.  li.  I.ihhy, 
»ilh  «ln.li  he  carried  the  n  dl  to  Whatcom  and  ,San  Juan  Islanil.  He  eon- 
timii'd  atliliiig  vessels  to  his  possessions  until  he  owned  or  had  an  interest  in 
H'veii  >u  liners,  at  that  time  the  largest  fleet  on  the  Sound.  He  huilt  several  of 
Uie  Iiest  Kiiown  freighters  on  tlie  inland  sea  and  was  nnifornily  successful  in  his 
ventures      His  death  occurred  at  Concord,  Cal.,  June  1,  1.S91. 

"  flioinas  I'earce,  engineer,  was  hor.i  in  Kuglanit  in  i.S4ii.  came  to  the  Columhia  River  in  1S69,  hut  did  not  engage  in 
marine  pii'Miits  until  two  years  later.  lie  ilien  went  on  the  tug  I'llti  ll'liilr  of  .Seattle  as  engineer,  and  two  vearsafterwanl  purchased 
alhinl  mncst  in  the  steamer  ( '/ii/ni/is.  remaining  with  her  a  few  years  and  then  going  to  the  steamers  ycpliyr,  it/fssmi;:'!;  O/tci. 
■■iiini,-  \:,  ,1,1^  XitiiJi  Paiific,  /tlaho  and  (iivrffe  E.  Stun ,  serving  on  the  latter  vessel  six  years,  during  which  time  he  diil  not  lose 
a  single  d  iv.     Mr.  Pearce  has  retired  from  the  water  and  is  living  in  Seattle  at  present. 


1  ./I'l 


CAl'T.  William  II.xm.mund 


I      I 


i       1 


'All 


« 


194 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


CaI'T.    a.    B.    riH.Sltl'RY 


On  tlie  Columbia  River  the  OreKou  >Steam  Navigation  Company,  which  had  been  enjoying  a  nionopol\  on  the 

Astoria  route  for  several  years,  were  obliged  to  head  off  another  opposition  scheme  which  had  resulted  from  the 

arrival  on  the  Astoria  route  of  the  Aitnic  SIctvarl,  a  sternwheeler,  built  in  San  Francisco  in   1864,  for  the 

Sacramento  route,  by  Samuel  and  De  Witt  Hulse,  and  a  man  named  Sicv.art,  in 

honor  of  whose  daughter  the  boat  received  her  name.     After  making  a  fe'w  trips 

,        on  the  Sacramento,  she  was  laid  up  under  a  subsidy,  and  in  187 1  was  disposed  of 

_^  to  Capt.  William  TurnbuU,  Captain  Oilman,  Klijah  Corbett,  and  a  few  others 

^^^^^  She  was  brought  to  Portland  by  Capt.  H.  M.  Gregory,  and,  after  making  a  fe« 

L^  —J,   B  trips,  was  again  .subsidized  and  laid  up  for  a  year.     vShe  then  ran  for  a  short  time 

^'  on  the  Willamette,  but  was  not  adapted  to  that  trade,  and  in  1873  was  refitted  and 

sold  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  by  Oilman  and  Corbett.    The 

following  year  she  was  operated  as  a  towboat,  and  two  years  later  was  purchased 

by  Capt.  L.  M.  Starr  and  taken  to  the  Sound  in  June  by  Captain  Win.sor.    Starr 

ran  her  in  opposition  to  the  steamer  Oiler  on  the  Port  Town.send  route  in  i8;;, 

until  he  ended  the  competition  liy  purchasing  the  Oiler.      When   she  started, 

Clancey  was  master  and  David  Kennedy"  iii  charge  of  the  engine-room.    The 

steamer  continued  in  Starr's  line,  and  was  turned  over,  with  the  rest  of  his  outfit, 

to  the  Oregon   Railway  &  Navigation  Company.     In  1881.  while  being  towed 

into  the  Puyallup  River,  she  was  snagged,  and,  the  tide  running  out,  slie  was  so 

badly  wrenched  that  her  owners  dismantled  her  and  removed  tlie  machinery. 

The  .  Iiiiiii-  SltTturl  was  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  long,  twenty-six  feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold,  with  engines 

eighteen  by  seventy-two  inches. 

The   operating   department   of  the   extensive    steamboat    interests  of    the    Oregon    Steam    Navigation 

Company  was  intrusted  to  the  care  of  Capt.   Richard  Hoyt  in  January,   1871, 

the  new  official,  through  his  long  service  as  a  practical  steamboatman,  being 

well  qualified  for  the  responsible  position  of  port  captain.     Of  the  fleet  placed 

in  his  charge  in  January,  1871,  the  following  steamers  were  flying  the  Oregon 

Steam    Navigation    flag :     sidewheelers,   Oiuoiila,  497   tons ;    Idaho,  302  ;   Josie 

McXcar,  159;  sternwheelers,  Dixie  'Ihompson,  443.44;    7'enino,  329.46;  Yakima, 

453.96;   Ozcylicc,  313.40:    Okanot;aii,  278.07;    Reseue,  126.14;    Shoslione,  299.73; 

Fannie  Troup,  229.48;    ll'enal,  S7.79  ;  and  the  barge  Hasp.     All  of  their  boats 

had  been  in  service  for  a  considerable  length  of  time  with  the  exception  of  the 

Dixie  '/'lionipso/i,  which  was  launched  at  Portland,  January  2d,  and  after  comple- 
tion  started   on    the   Astoria   run   in    connnand   of  Capt.   Richard    Hoyt,  with 

William  DierdorfT,  engineer.     Her  first  trip  to  Astoria  was  made  in  eight  hours, 

which,  according  to  the  Orej>oiiian,  was  the  fastest  time  yet  recorded  on  the  route. 

In   1872  H.  A.  Snow  commanded  the  .steamer,  and  was  succeeded  the  following 

year  by  Captain  Babbidge,  who  ran  her  through  the  summer  months  a  round 

trip  a  day.     The    /V.v/V  continued   in   this  trade  as  a  passenger  steamer  until 

18S1,  and  was  subsequently  operated  on  the  Cascade  route  in  opposition  to  the 

Fleelii'ood,  then  connecting  with  the  (io/d  Pusl  above  the  Cascades.     The  Oregon 

Railway  &  Navigation  steamer  carried  pas.seiigers  for  fifty  cents  each,  and,  when  that  competition  ended,  the 

Pixie  returned  to  the  lower  river  as  a  freiglit  boat,  but  in  18S5  again  plied  on  the  Cascade  route,  continuing  there 

in  charge  of  Capt.  John  Wolf  and  A.  H.  PiUsbury ''  until  1SS7,  when  Capt.  Henry  Kindred  ran  her  as  a  towlioal 

"  Oaviil  Kennedy,  engineer,  was  Ijorn  in  SeotlHnd  in  1S41,  and  served  his  apnrenticesliip  in  the  .sliops  of  Yoiuik  Itrolhcrs 
wlio  were  succeeded  by  the  Carniicliaels,  after  which  lie  joined  the  l)lockadcniiiner  /.orii  Clyde.  Al  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  he 
relumed  to  ICiiHlainl  and  worked  as  secouil  engineer  on  the  steamer  Carolhie,  ciiiiiloyed  in  laying  the  .\tlantic  cable  in  Vali  luia  B.iv 
afterward  going  in  the  same  vessel  to  the  Ilaltic  Sea,  where  she  performed  a  similar  task.  He  was  then  on  a  fruiter  lor  a  few 
months,  leaving  her  for  the  Chilean  steamshipAnv'  .  /.  flfuieiio.  from  Dundee  to  \alparaiso.  He  arrived  in  ,San  I'laiKi-ni  in  iSi)^ 
as  a  passenger  on  the  steain.ihip  Coiisti/ii/ioii.  and  worked  al  the  Hay  City  on  various  steamers  until  1S71,  when  he  went  In  .Sealtlo 
and  joined  the  .  In/lie  .Strwiie/  as  chief  engineer.  He  was  subsequently  engineer  0,1  the  .  l/idit  and  Xe/iliyr,  and  went  from  Oiv  Souml 
to  Victoria,  where  he  was  appointed  chief  on  the  Isabel,  remaiiiiug  with  lier  for  six  years,  and  was  afterward  on  Uu  lliWii, 
(>rafif>ler,  A\'lianee,  and  many  other  iiioneer  sleainers.  He  followol  his  calliin;  for  a  considerable  lengtli  of  time  on  Kamloops  I.-ike, 
anil,  when  the  Columbia  S:  Kootenai  Navigation  Company  built  the  lllicilli;eael,  h-  was  appointed  engineer,  but  left  her  ii:  1894  and 
has  since  lived  in  Victoria,  where  he  has  recently  built  a  wharf  and  otherwise  improved  his  property. 

■'^Capt.  A.  1),  I'illsbury  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S46,  his  father  being  a  proiniuent  sea  captain  sailing  out  of  Atlantic  lurts.  1" 
1S62  young  I'illsbury  made  his  first  sea  voyage,  going  before  the  mast  on  a  ship  to  Liverpool  and  return,  and  the  following  spriuR 
went  to  Boston  and  shipped  on  Ihe  Itrilish  liark  (/.  .\izipanli,  bound  for  Mauritius.  .She  was  "held  up"  by  the  rclu  1  cruiser 
.Mabiimn  on  the  eciuator,  and  Captain  Sims  boarded  the  vessel  to  examine  her  papers.  .\t  Mauritius,  IMllsbiiry  shipped  nr  llie  liark 
Radian  for  Liverpool,  and  thence  lo  New  York  on  the  ohl  packet  Vielory,  wliicli  was  the  scene  of  a  terrible  riol  iluriiig  \.  •.•  vovat,'f 
on  account  of  the  inhuman  treatment  of  a  stowaway,  against  which  the  passengers  rebelleil.  He  left  her  on  arrival,  was  r  a  shnrt 
time  in  the  Cuba  and  coasting  trade,  and  then  shipped  in  the  brig  (,V;«i,(M  for  Marf  .illes,  thence  lo  Cadiz.  On  the  reU  11  trip  1" 
Boston  the  brig  was  wrecked  in  the  (lulf  Stream,  and  the  crew  nearly  perished  from  starvation  before  Ihey  were  finallv  •■  -cueii  1" 
the  bark  Sairameiilo  anil  taken  to  New  York.  I'rotn  there  I'illsbury  sailed  for  Port  Ro)al,  reaching  his  destination  at  :  ■  liiiicol 
the  assassination  of  Lincoln.  He  went  to  Savannah  with  the  second  ship  which  entered  the  harbor  after  the  blockade  s raised. 
and  on  his  return  to  .New  York  sailed  on  the  bark  Pauline  for  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  thence  with  deals  lo  Sl.-Nazaii  France. 
thence  with  sugar  lo  Greenock,  thence  to  Cardiff,  to  Shanghai,  to  ,San  Francisco  and  back  to  Hongkong,  where  he  ship]'  !  as  mate 
of  the  ship  Simoda  to  Port  Ludlow,  subsequently  reluming  to  Shanghai  and  entering  the  coasting  trade,  only  to  be  again    ist  away. 


C.M'l-.  Jou.N  J.  Hoi  i.aso 


Rrmarkable  Trip  nf  the  "Shoshone,"  Wilhmette  anri  Cohimhia  Transportation  Enterprises 


195 


nopolv  on  the 
iulted  from  llie 
I  i86.|.  for  iht 
led  Stewart,  in 
ing  a  few  trii^ 
vas  disposed  of 

a  few  others. 

making  a  few 
or  a  short  time 
ras  refitted  and 

Corbett.  The 
was  iJurchased 
VVinsor.  Stan 
I  route  in  1877, 
u  she  started, 
iie-rooni.  The 
St  of  his  outfit, 
le  being  towed 
out,  she  was  so 
;lie  machinery, 
1,  with  engines 

m    Navigation 


J.    MOI  LAM) 

Oil  ended,  the 

intiiiiiing  tliere 

as  a  towboal, 

Yoiui.i;  Drnlhers 

llif  Cnil  War  lie 

in  Vail  iioia  Hay. 

fruilLM-  lur  ,1  few 

'nini'i-iii  in  iSt>^ 

wciU  I'l  Seattle 

from  till'  Soiiiid 

on   tin-  /.Vii.-ii, 

Knnilo,)|)sI..".!;e. 

'I  luT  ii:  i894aii'l 


jinlu- 
lollop 
llic  re-i 
jped  01 

riiiK  1 
was  ■ 
lie  ret  I 
iiiillv  • 
)n  at  ' 

kade 
Nazal' 

ship]' 
again 


crts.    Ill 

i.l;  sprliiK 

.  i  criiher 

Ihe  liark 

.f  vovaije 

r  a  .'ilidfl 

11  trii)  t" 

rueil  In 

■  linit'Ol 

s  raiseil. 

France, 

as  male 

(■it  away. 


S1K.\MKH    -'L-;MMA    HA\\\AHI*" 


Charles  ."-iniitier,  Edward  Sullivan,  and  a  number  of  other  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  captains, 
handled  bir  in  the  towing  busine.ss  until  iHc)-^,  when  .she  was  sent  to  the  boneyard  to  be  dismantled. 

I)ii;ing   tlie    many    years   in    which    the  Ca.scade   and    upper   Columbia   fleets   proved   bonanzas   to   the 

steamboatmen,  the  Astoria  route  was  not 
regarded  as  of  much  coiiseciuence  ;  but, 
with  the  decline  of  profits  on  the  upper 
river  routes,  the  lower  Columbia  region 
began  to  develop  and  furnished  a  trade 
well  worth  catering  to.  To  accommodate 
this  business  the  steamer  F.iiima  Hay 
-card,  built  by  John  J.  Holland,  ''  was 
launched  at  Portland,  May  ,^i,  1871,  made 
her  trial  trip  September  28th,  and  at  the 
time  of  her  appearance  was  the  finest 
boat  on  the  lower  river.  Her  machinery 
was  fitted  up  by  Ivngineer  David  I'ardun,'" 
who  was  first  in  charge.  On  comple- 
tion she  ran  for  a  short  time  to  the 
Cascades,  in  place  of  the  Oiironla.  The 
lla\:,aid  was  the  favorite  passenger  boat  on  the  Astoria  route  for  ten  years,  alternating  there  with  the  steamer 
Dixie  Thompson  in  the  first  few  years  of  her  existence.  When  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company 
reentered  the  field  on  Piiget  Sound,  the  /uniiia  /fayicard  was  sent  around  from  the  Columbia  in  1.S82,  in 
charge  of  Cajit,  J.  !•!.  Denny  and  ICngineer  I'ardun.  She  arrived  at  Seattle,  October  24,  18S2,  and  during  the 
liooni  days  on  I'uget  Sound  handled  an  immense  traffic,  making  the  round  trip  each  day  between  vSeattle  and 
Olympin.  connecting  at  Tacoma  with  the  Northern  Pacific  trains.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the  Olympian,  Lily  of 
Kingston,  and  other  faster  and  finer  boats,  the  //ayward  became  a  back  number,  and  in  1891  was  towed  around 
to  the  Coluinbia  River  by  the  tug  /■iscorf.  Since  her  arrival  .she  has  been  performing  excellent  service  as  a 
towboat.  Her  dimensions  are  as  follows  :  length,  one  hundred  and  seventy-seven  feet  ;  beam,  twenty-nine  feet ; 
depth  of  hold,  seven  feet.     She  was  rebuilt  at  Portland  in   187S  and  extensively  repaired  in   1892. 

Tlie  X'anconver  Steamboat  Company  placed  tlie  steamer  /  'aiiroiiver  on   the   Kalama  route  in   February, 
]^-i.  and  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Coin])any  immediately  started 
1\k  Rcsi/ir,  Captain  Hoyt,   after  her,  also  running  the  steamer  fannie  -  «  -^ 

lie  was  fortunalfly  rescued  by  a  Chinese  junk,  and  on  reachinj;  Honf^kong  sailid 
fiir  PiijiCt  vSdunil  on  tlie  ship  .  Udska,  arriviii|(  in  the  winter  of  iS6S  69.  and  niaking 
llic  jouriii'y  iiverland  to  the  Columbia.  In  July,  1.S69,  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
lireuon  Steam  Navigation  Coinpaiiy  on  the  deck  ol'  the  OkiifiOi^ati,  and  in  1S71  he 
\v;t.s  proinotcil  and  ran  as  male  with  Captain  Habbidge  on  the  Futtfiit'  'I'toup.  He 
received  his  first  command  in  1^75,  and  from  that  time,  until  he  retireil  from  the 
water  ill  iSy,.  was  at  dilTerent  times  in  charge  of  nearly  all  of  the  steamers  owned 
tiy  tile  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  its  successor,  the  Oregon  Railway  ^: 
Xjvl(»aticiii  Ciimpany.  On  the  death  of  Cajit.  John  Wolf,  Captain  rillsbury  was 
i:lveii  charge  of  the  Cascailes  l)oat,  which  was  his  last  coniniitnd. 

"Capl.  John  J.  Holland  was  born  in  .St.  Johns.  New  lirunswiek,  in  1S43, 
It'^riiiiig  tile  trade  of  shipbuilding  at  his  native  place.  Wliile  still  a  young  man 
lie  came  to  tlie  United  States,  settling  at  The  Dalles,  Or.,  where  he  entereil  the 
employ  of  Uie  Oregon  Railway  ^:  Navigation  Conipany,  and  afterward  removed  to 
I'onland,  ODiuiuuing  in  the  same  service,  'le  remained  witli  that  company  and  its 
Niiccessors  fur  over  twenty  years,  during  which  time  lie  constructed  the  elegant 
>leamers  //'/(/(■  //V.v/,  A'.  A',  '/yioiitf>soti,  liintna  //ity:rani,  and  a  score  of  others, 
iii.tiiy  of  which  are  still  alloat.  With  the  rapid  growth  of  steaniboating  on  the 
Sound,  he  removed  to  'I'acoma,  where  he  built  the  steamers  .S7(//('  of  Washini^foii, 
Skiit^it  C/in  /  and  luiiyliijvt'H,  aflerwanl  going  to  Hall.'ird,  where  he  constructed  the 
AmiT  r/i;/:,//,  the  finest  and  fastest  slernwliecl  steamer  on  the  Sound,  the  MoiiU- 
Ciiili',  /•'lull,  is  /Iniiy,  and  a  number  of  other  boats.  While  in  I'ortlaiKl  he  was  a 
iiiemlierof  ilie  City  Cnnucil  from  the  h'irsl  Ward  in  i,S,S6,  and  was  also  electeil  to  the 
<n\  Coiuuil  of  llallard  in  rSyo  and  1.S91.  His  last  work  at  shipbuilding  w.is  the 
-teamcr  /'  /.',  U'niir  for  the  Ncirtli  .\nierica  Tr.tding  &  Transportation  Company. 
Tills  vessel  was  ^.ent  in  sections  to  St.  Michaels,  .Alaska,  where  Captain  Holland 
l>laced  it  ill  niiiniiig  order.  While  engaged  in  this  work  he  contracted  a  cold 
and  fever,  liipiii  which  he  never  fully  recovered.  He  returned  from  Al.aska  in 
ilctolier,  iS[,j,  and  lingered  until  January  28,  i.S9^,  when  he  died. 

'"Ii.ivi.l  I'ardun  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  i.S^o,  and  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  nearly  forty  years  .ago,  entering  the  service  of 
'liedreg.iii  Meam  Navigaticni  Company,  with  whom  he  reniaineil  .as  long  as  that  corporation  was  in  existence,  and  continued  with 
Ibsucccssoi,  until  his  death  in  iSgo,  While  in  its  employ  he  placeil  the  machinery  in  the  /\)Hiii<i  l/ayu.ui),  and  remained  in  charge 
ol  tli.at  1)0  11  f.ir  nearly  fifteen  years,  going  to  the  Sound  with  her  when  she  was  sent  around  from  the  Columbia,  and  running  there 
imil  the  lu  '  steamer  Shi/e  ol'  H\isliini;lo>i  was  completed,  on  which  he  was  olTered  a  better  position.  He  came  to  an  untimely  end 
in  iSijo,  \\  iiile  on  a  trip  from  Tacoma  to  Seattle  he  fell  overboard  and  was  drowneil,  no  one  witnessing  the  unfortunate  accident, 
■mdlie  »,!>  lot  missed  until  the  boat  neared  Seattle.  Search  was  immeiliately  instituted,  but  it  was  several  weeks  hefore  his  body 
was  lecove;.  1,  The  supposition  is  that  he  lost  his  balance  while  standing  in  the  doorway  opening  out  from  the  engine-room,  that 
''eiiiRthe  I'l.e  where  he  was  last  seen  alive.  Mr.  I'ardun  was  one  of  the  most  popular  engineers  in  the  Northwest,  and  never 
liad  a  serin  iiiisha])  on  any  boat  w  ilh  which  he  was  connected.  During  his  career  on  the  upper  and  middle  rivers  he  w.as  engaged 
Ininany  111  Ic  Ills  trips,  the  most  notable  being  tile  famous  run  of  the  Harvest  (JiiiVH  through  Tumwater  Rapids,  in  which  the  steamer 
lost  all  of  1       rudders  in  the  first  plunge. 


'y'     '1; 

1;  ^l;l| 


I)AVI1>    i'AHDl'N 


■'^  :    1;:' 


^ 


H 


if 

'■-  -'^i 

i;:?( 
*■ 

r  I 


s:a 


m-: 


t 


tti 


196 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Troup  to  the  Cowlitz  River  and  carrying  Kalania  passengers  for  twenty-five  cents  each.  Tlu'  Ommu 
on  the  Cascade  route  still  further  demoralized  the  opposition  steamer's  business  by  carrying  pas^^•llge^s  i,, 
Vancouver  free,  and  freight  for  one  dollar  per  ton.  The  warfare  was  quite  vigorous  while  it  lasted.  Inn  tiulti; 
in  a  short  time  by  the  Vamonvfr  withdrawing  from  the  lower  river  and  taking  the  N'ancouver  route,  on  wliicli  s\x 
was  given  all  the  business.  The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  also  ran  the  steamer  Wmal,  Capt 
W.  H.  Smith,  in  the  Cowlitz  trade.  The  most  important  marine  event  on  the  Willamette  and  Coluniliia  river>  in 
1871  was  the  transfer  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company's  steamboat  interests  to  Hen  lloUadav 
The  People's  Transportation  Company  had  enjoved  what  was  practically  a  monopoly  of  WillanaUe  River 
transportation  for  ten  years,  and  during  that  period  had  subsidized,  purchased,  or  otherwi.se  s<|iKlcheil,  all 
competition.  The  approaching  completion  of  the  locks  at  Oregon  City  was  almost  certain  to  be  the  sijjrial  for 
another  expensive  steamboat  war,  and  the  directors  of  the  company  gracefully  withdrew  while  the  moiionoly  wa> 
still  nourishing.  HoUaday's  company  was  incorporated  in  September,  with  the  following  officers  :  lien  Ili)lliuiay 
president ;  Hen  Holladay,  Jr.,  vice-president  ;  John  D.  Hiles,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  and  Georjjc  Pea.se 
superintendent.  The  fleet  transferred  to  them  included  the  following  steamers:  Dayton,  2o,vo4  tuns:  l-\vm 
Pallon,  36951  ;  Senalor,  297.99;  Reliance,  316.27;  Active,  259.74;  Alert,  340.83;  Slioo  Fly,  319. 9S  ;  Siim>- 
Albany  and  Alice.  Of  this  fleet  the  /layloii,  Albany  and  Success  were  running  regularly  above  the  falls,  ainiie'ctiiit; 
with  the  .V('«i(/o;- and  .//<■// between  Portland  and  Oregon  City.  The  Willamette  River  business  at  thai  limewa* 
of  considerable  magnitude,  the  three  steamers  mentioned  bringing  down  to  Oregon  City  in  the  month  orjaniian 

1871,  five  thousand  tons  of  freight.  The  .llice,  which  was  the  la-t 
steamer  built  by  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  ran  on  the  iipixr 
river  until  1S74,  when  she  burned  in  the  basin  at  Oregon  City,  and,  on 
lieing  repaired,  was  run  on  the  lower  Willamette  and  Colnniliia  as  a 
private  steamer  for  Ben  Holladay.  Capt.  Miles  Bell  was  master  of  the 
boat  for  several  years  after  she  was  constructed,  and,  when  slie  pa.sse(l 
into  the  hands  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Henry 
Hmken  ran  her  for  four  years  and  was  succeeded  by  W.  11.  Smitli 
Archie  Pea.se,  H.  P.  Kindred,  Charles  Haskell,  W.  H.  Patterson,  ami 
others.  The  last  ten  years  of  her  existence  were  passed  in  tliu  towini; 
service  between  Portland  and  Astoria  and  in  jobbing  about  the  harbor 
at  Portland.  Under  the  Holladay  management  there  were  but  few 
additions  to  the  Willamette  fleet,  the  only  steamer  of  any  importance 
completed  by  the  successors  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company 
being  the  A".  A^.  Cooi-,  which  was  built  at  Oregon  City  in  1.S71  by  the 
Willamette  Transportation  Company.  She  was  a  sternwlnelur,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  six  feet  hold,  with 
engines  sixteen  by  sixty  inches.  Capt.  J.  I).  Miller  had  command  of  her 
for  a  long  time,  and,  when  she  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Willamette 
Transportation  and  Locks  Company,  Capt.  H.  A.  Ivmkeii  was  put  in 
charge.  In  1877  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  used  lier 
in  the  towing  business,  and,  from  that  time  until  i,S89,  she  was  rnii 
exclusively  as  a  towboat  and  in  jobbing  on  the  river,  ICmkcii  ran  lur 
until  1884,  and  was  .succeeded  by  Charles  vSpinner,  Archie  Pease,  \V.  H. 
Pope  and  W.  H.  Patterson,  the  latter  having  command  when  she  sank  at  Clackamas  Rapids  in  1890. 

With  steamships,  steamboats  and  railroads  galore.  Hen  Holladay  was  at  the  zenith  of  his  power  in  1S71,  and. 
in  seeking  a  name  for  a  new  towbcat,  Capt.  W.  J.  Buchanan  appropriately  honored  the  magnate  by  chrislcninj; 
the  craft  Ben  Holladay.  She  was  launched  in  September  by  T.  J.  Bulger,  who  had  built  her  for  Buchanan  Bros 
former  owners  of  the  Wasp,  which  was  operated  by  Capt.  W.  O.  Goodman."  The  Holladay  was  less  than  a 
hundred  feet  long,  with  fifteen  feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold,  fitted  with  twin  propellers.  In  command  of  Capt 
William  Buchanan  and  son,  with  Isaac  Buchanan,  engineer,  and  Frank  Buchanan,  mate,  the  steamer  was  used  in 
towing  ships  between  Portland  and  lower  river  points,  succeeding  very  well  considering  her  size.     The  Huclianans 

"  Capt.  W.  O.  Goodman  was  l)orM  iu  England  in  1849,  reaching  the  United  States  in  IS6^  on  tlie  sliip  Sitiiii.  \\y  rcuiainci 
willi  her  until  1870,  and  was  second  mate  011  the  vessel  when  she  took  the  first  cargo  of  hiinljer  from  Stamp's  .Mill,  Bri.ijh 
Columbia,  tlic  charter  rale  from  the  mill  to  Australia  l)eing  five  pounds  five  shillings  per  thousand.  Captain  Gooilmaii  K  u  die.SMW 
at  Hoslon  in  i!-'.7o  and  cnme  overland  to  ,San  Francisco,  where  he  entered  the  coasting  trade  on  the  hark  .l/iiiii/iu.  Uv  !•  !i  the  liarl 
at  Tortlaud,  and  was  employed  by  a  company  erecting  a  sawmill  on  the  Klatskanie  River.  After  the  mill  was  completed  In  was  siyf" 
command  of  the  lug  Wasp,  used  iu  towing  logs,  and  continued  steamboatiiig  on  the  Columbia  until  1^7^,  when  he  sbipii-d  as  lirjt 
ma'e  of  the  A'oswell  .Sfiragiie,  bound  for  (Jueenstown  ;  but  on  the  voyage  the  ship  encountered  a  hurricane  and  wa^  ..'>li)!eil  to 
put  into  Valparaiso,  where  both  vessel  and  cargo  were  condemned  and  sold.  Capt.  John  O'Hrien,  of  whaleback  fame,  w.i-  "iie  of  the 
.S/tragiie'.'i  crew  on  this  trip  and  returned  to  San  Francisco  with  Gooilman,  who  then  went  into  the  coasting  trade,  scrM"K  ""  ''" 
schooners  Mehmclhon,  Oregonian,  Amelia,  Hero,  and  other  well  known  vessels.  In  1878  he  was  mate  on  the  bark  i\hu  -i  .Miuk'n 
between  Portland  and  Honolulu,  and  since  then  has  been  almost  continuously  in  the  Island  trade  out  of  San  I'ram  i'  0,  liavm;.' 
command  ,it  different  times  of  the  following  vessels  :  brigs  I'omare  and  Hazard,  hAxksJane  A.  Falkenberg  and  Coliimhi.i  ..chooners 
.Malolo,  Julia  and  Robert  I. ewers,  still  having  charge  of  the  latter  vessel. 

"  Capt.  William  J.  Buchanan  was  born  near  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  18^5,  and  on  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1869  niinenced 
steamboatiug  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  Rivers  on  the  lVas/>.      His  brother,  Isaac  Buchanan,  the  well  known  en  .  iieer,  »ao 


Capt.  Wii.liau  H.  CLouoil 


Remarkable  Trip  of  the  "Shoshone,"  Willamette  and  Columbia  Transportation  Enterprises 


'97 


ran  her  uumI  iHjb.  when  they  sold  her  to  J.  VV.  Cook  &  Co.,  who  operated  her  for  a  year  aiul  then  leased  her 
10  Kred  1  "iigdon.  Under  Congdon's  charge  she  ran  until  i88i,  when  she  passed  into  the  hands  of  Hani, 
Nickiim  >v  Co.,  in  whose  service  .she  ended  her  days.  Several  of  the  Mosquito  fleet  met  with  financial 
,lilliciilties  in  1871  and  changed  owuer.ship.  The  Afary  Hell  was  sold  by  the  United  States  marshal  to  Capt. 
K.  N.  Smith  for  $1,100,  and  in  November  appeared  on  the  Cowlitz  route.  The  Wasp  took  the  same  course 
in  March  and  passed  into  the  hands  of  Walter  Moffitt  for  #900.  The  flfiiim-lmha  was  also  dispo.sed  of  by  the 
^lleriff  alx'iil  the  same  time  to  Barney  Train  of  Kast  Portland,  at.d  in  August  the  United  States  marshal 
transferred  the  propeller  W'eb/oot  No.  2  to  John  H.  Haley  for  $575.  The  Willamette  Freighting  Company  started 
the  steamer  (  alliope  on  the  Yamhill  River  in  opposition  to  the  People's  Transportation  Company  early  in  the  year. 
Imt  soon  withdrew.  The  Carrie,  Captain  Kingsley,  was  in  the  Oregon  City  trade  for  a  few  weeks,  and  (he  pioneer 
steamer  /;<',!,'/'■  was  purcha.sed  by  Capt.  John  West,  who  intended  to  remove  the  machinery  and  place  it  in  a  new 
'loat.  Capt.  J.  H.  D.  Gray  and  George  Warren  operated  the  steamer  Variiua  between  Ilwaco  and  Astoria. 
The  Cohimtiia  Tran.sportation  Company  was 
incorporated  at  St.  Helens,  October  17,  1871, 
with  a  capital  of  $75,000,  divided  into  $50 
shares.  S.  Bennett,  Jo-seph  Copeland  and 
\.  McClellan  were  the  incorporators,  and 
their  articles  announced  that  they  intended 
tu  build,  liiiy  and  operate  steamboats,  rail- 
roads, etc.  The  steam  ferry  Katie  /.add  was 
cunstnicte-d  at  Westport  in  1871  for  Joseph 
Knott,  Capt.  Sam  Dougla.ss  taking  charge  of 
her  on  completion.  She  was  equipped  with 
light  l)y  eij;hteen  inch  engines,  and,  as  first 
rigged,  was  operated  bj  a  large  drum  and 
cable.  This  proving  impracticable,  she  was 
altered  to  a  sidewheeler  and  ran  between 
Portland  and  l{ast  Portland  for  many  years, 
tinally  passing  into  the  hands  of  Captain 
Callahan,  who  changed  her  into  a  sternwheel  scow  called  the  Marirey.  The  steamer  Xez  /'rrn-  Cliiif,  which  was 
brought  down  from  the  upper  river  in  1870,  was  piloted  over  the  Cascades,  June  6th,  by  Captain  Ainswortli. 

Ill  November,  187 1,  Rogue  River  received  a  visit  from  the  steamship  Coquille.  the  first  ocean  steamer  to 
enter  the  river.  She  carried  as  cargo  the  machinery  for  two  steam  .sawmills,  which  in  later  years  furnished 
her  with  many  lumber  cargoes.  The  steamer  .Vary,  the  first  to  run  on  the  Coquille,  was  built  on  that  stream 
in  1S71  by  William  E.  Rackliff,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Uinpqua.  She  was  a  diminutive  craft,  with  an 
eight  by  eight  inch  engine,  and  ran  between  the  mouth  of  the  river  and  the  forks  of  the  Coipiille.  The  RacklitTs 
n]Krated  the  steamer  for  about  a  year  and  then  removed  the  machinery  and  .sold  the  hull.  The  steamer  .  /'X'l', 
which  was  launched  at  San  Francisco  in  1869,  was  taken  to  Coos  Bay  in  i,S7i  by  Capt.  William  H.  Cloiigh.'' 
.■^he  was  a  small  propeller  and  ran  on  the  Bay  and  its  tributaries  for  .several  years.  Clough  .sold  her  in  1.S72, 
and  Henry  Wade  took  command.  The  steamer  /;//•,  which  had  been  on  the  Umpipia,  was  taken  to  Vaciuiiia 
in  January  and  went  into  .service  on  the  Bay.  The  steamship  traffic  on  the  northern  routes  was  performed 
by  the  P,ui/ii\  Orillamme,  Jolm  I.,  Stepiietis,  Idalio,  California,  .Ijax,  .Uolio)ii;o.  Ncubern  and  Coiislantine.  The 
latter  steamer  was  owned  by  Hutchinson,  Kohl  &  Co.,  and,  in  command  of  Capt.  Charles  Thorn,  coinmeiiced 
running  to  Portland  in  May,  in  opposition  to  the  Holladay  line.     The  competition  was  (|uite  warm  for  a  short 


STKAMSmr   '■  KeKKKA,"    FOK.MKKI.Y    il.l 


w.is  .issociuled  witli  him  in  tlii.s  business,  was  born  ill  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1S27.  I''rotii  tile  IVusfi  they  went  to  the  steamer 
Ihii  Hd/hiifiiy  ami  were  amon^  the  first  on  the  river  to  make  a  specialty  of  towing  ships  between  Portland  and  .Astoria.  Mndinj,' 
tlie  Hfii  lloHmlay  too  small  for  the  service,  they  coiistrncted  the  Ucklahama.  the  best  towboal  in  tlie  Northwest,  but  disposed  of  her 
tolheOreKon  Sieam  Navigation  Company  before  she  was  completed  and  soon  afterward  launched  the  Cily  0/  ljni)in\  whicli 
iliey  operiiteil  mitil  she  was  sold  to  go  to  tlie  Sound.  They  next  nurchased  the  steamer  Tnttv/if  on  the  Cascade  route,  l)ut,  (inding 
lur  too  slow,  Imilt  the  steamer  /one  for  the  same  trade.  Capt.  William  S.  nuchaimn.  .son  of  William  J.,  was  l)orn  in  Ouiney,  111  ,  in 
!^54.  ami  lias  l)een  interested  with  his  father  and  uncle  in  all  of  their  steamboat  ventures,  having  served  as  master  of  ster.ni  vessels 
for  over  twenty  years.  He  was  principal  owner  of  the  /one,  and  after  disposing  of  her  retired  from  the  river  and  engaged  in  business 
in  Kast  I'driland.  I'rank  J.  Kuchanau,  who  acted  as  purser  and  mate  on  the  steamers  operated  by  the  family,  was  born  in 
Cialesburg,  111.,  in  1857,  and  commenced  steamboating  on  the  /len  /folluitay  in  1.S73.  In  addition  to  his  work  on  the  numerous  boats 
managed  by  ilie  liuclianaiis,  he  served  as  purser  on  several  other  Willam-tte  River  steamers,  and  had  command  of  a  number  of  small 
steamers  nmuing  out  of  Portland.     He  died  suddenly  at  Washougal  in  iiiarch,  1891,  while  engaged  as  mate  on  the  steamer  /one. 

"C.ipt.  William  H.  Clough  was  first  assistant  engineer  011  the  steamer  Oregonian  in  1S54,  and  shortly  afterward  held  the 
same  position  on  the  old  I'aeijic,  on  which  he  was  engaged  for  a  period  of  twenty-six  inoiiths.  From  the  /'ari/if  he  went  to  the 
"lints,  where  he  remained  until  1869, when  he  returned  to  San  Francisco  and  found  employment  in  a  machine  shop  at  Oakland.  He 
lell  there  in  1S70  and  took  charge  of  a  sawmill  at  Coos  Ilay,  and  thirteen  months  later  again  embarked,  this  time  as  chief  of  the  tug 
.vii/7i'(t.  After  five  years  on  the  tug  he  was  transferreil  to  the  new  steamer  ./rai,'!),  remaining  on  her  for  three  years.  The  tug 
/  Jul)/  was  dough's  next  service,  and  he  handled  the  throttle  on  her  for  four  years.  I'roiii  the  Aivo;/  he  went  to  the  I'nited  .States 
-leaiiier  II.!  !•;,)■  for  six  innnths,  then  about  the  same  length  of  time  on  the  suagboat  Coivallis  and  from  there  to  the  Gnieiol  Citnhy 
lor  live  yt;ir~  When  the  (>(■«<•»•«/ i?///<'i  was  built  he  assisted  in  setting  up  tlie  machinery  and  on  completion  ran  her  for  thirteen 
inonilis.  11,  was  a  member  of  the  Shoalwater  Bay  Transportation  Company,  which  fi{ted  out  the  Governor  Ne;cel/  and  sent 
"irioGrax  ;  Harbor,  losing  considerable  money  in  the  venture.  He  subsequently  chartered  the  f lUc/zV/i/ and  operateil  her  for  a 
vearproiiiaMy.  He  went  to  Seattle  in  18S9  anil  formed  a  company  in  1890  whicli  built  the  steamer /,<i/ii«f»  and  ran  her  on  Kake 
Inion  for  to  years,  Clough  serving  as  master.     In  1892  she  was  taken  to  I^.ake  W.ashington,  where  she  is  still  in  active  service. 


K!: 


■i    I 


y,.  r. 


J 


' 


ml 


ti 


B' 


§ 


198 


Lewis  <f  Dryden  a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfjwest 


time,  but  was  soon  ended  by  Holladay  buying  off  the  CoHslantiiir.  The  propeller  California,  Captiun  Hayts 
and  the  Cuorgc  S.  Wright,  were  sailing  between  Portland,  I'uget  Sound  and  Alaska.  The  Gussie  Itliair  aU 
made  a  few  trips  while  the  California  was  undergoing  repairs.  The  mail  contract  between  Victoria  and  San 
Franci.sco  was  in  the  hands  of  Rcsenfcld  &  Hermiughani,  who  received  a  subsidy  of  $,s,oo<)  per  nionlli  for  Uvn 
round  trips,  and  performed  the  service  with  the  steamship  I'rincf  Alprd,  which  was  so  small  and  slow  tint 
it  frequently  required  .seven  or  eight  days  to  make  the  voyage.  She  was  a  British  vessel,  built  in  18(15  I'nr 
the  Australian  trade.  The  company  owning  her  failed,  and  the  steamer  was  registered  under  the  New  ( Iriiiadan 
flag  and  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  Panama  route,  going  to  San  Francisco  in  1870,  where  she  was  purchased 
by  Rosenfeld  &  Hermingham  for  $12,800.  She  was  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  long,  thirty-one  feti 
beam,  and  had  but  twenty  staterooms.     Karly  in  1872  she  was  ((uarantined  at  Victoria  for  nearly  two  months 

but  after  getting  clear  continued  in  the  mail  .service  until  June,  18-4 
I  when  she  was  wrecked  (see  wreck  of  Primr  Alj'itd,  1874).     C.iptam 

;  Sholl  was  master  of  the  steamer  nearly  all  the  time  she  w.ns  on  tht 

'  northern  route,  and  I).  A.  McDermott"  was  engineer.     The  Uniteil 

!  '  States  steamer  Saranac,  Rear  Admiral  John  A.  Winslow,  was  at 

Portland,  Port  Townsend  and  Victoria  in  1871.  A  fine  Orej^on  Imili 
schooner  was  launched  at  Vaciuina  in  187 1.  .She  was  a  thrte-mastcd 
vessel,  one  hundred  and  six  feet  long,  thirty-one  feet  beam,  and  eijjln 
feet  depth,  and  was  christened  Jihwrali.  Her  owners  were  the  New- 
port Transportation  Company,  who  operated  her  in  the  coa.stinj; 
trade.  She  is  still  afloat  and  at  present  is  owned  by  J.  A.  Hooper 
of  San  Francisco.  The  barks  Edward  Janus.  Captain  Patterson, 
Goodell,  Captain  Crocker,  and  Garibaldi,  Captain  Xoycs,''  wen.- 
sailing  betv/een  the  Columbia  River  and  Oriental  ports,  the  forniei 
vessel  also  making  a  trip  from  Honolulu  to  Seattle.  "''■;  bark 
Camden,  Captain  Robinson,  arrived  at  Port  Townsend  in  S^pterahir 
with  a  partial  cargo  of  sugar  from  the  Havvaiian  Islands.  Railrcid 
building  in  the  Northwest,  which  attracted  a  considerable  number 
of  sailing  ves.sels  in  1870,  continued  in  1871,  and  among  the  fleet 
arriving  at  Portland  with  iron  were  the  ship  Madauaska,  .American 
ship  Panama,  American  bark  .\'iohi',  which  di.scharged  at  Kalama. 
Wa.sh.,  for  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  British  harks 
Skiddaw,  .lliir  Graliam,  Sftarkling  Pnc,  Ifarrington  and  ( 'oli/.i/mvii. 
British  ships  Poirnby,  liristolian,  and  the  American  bark  AUiiti  /itssi. 
with  iron  for  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad.  The  wheat  fleet  of  i,S7i  included  the  barks  Tina.\.  Propsih. 
Ginger,  Envoy,  and  the  ships  Montgomery  Castle  and  Prince  0/  Wales,  loaded  by  Allen  &  Lewis,  and  the  bark 
Kosedalc,  loaded  by  Henry  Hewett.  The  coasting  fleet  between  San  Francisco  and  Puget  Soimd  was  credited 
with  some  very  fast  passages  in  1871,  the  old  barkentine  Constitution  making  two  successive  round  trips  lietweeii 
Port  Gamble  and  San  Francisco  in  twenty-one  and  twenty-three  days  respectively.  The  brig  Menlianliiinii  also 
accomplished  the  round  trip  from  Port  Madison  in  twenty-one  days.  Capt.  Paul  Corno,  who  had  made-  and  lust 
a  fortune  in  the  Columbia  River  trade,  appeared  this  year  with  the  little  schooner  Milo  Bond,  which  he  ran 
between  Tillamook  and  Portland,  carrying  pas.sengers  and  freight. 

The  schooner  Nanainio  was  wrecked  on  Cypress  Island  in  1871,  but  was  afterward  floated  and  taken 
to  Port  Townsend,  where  she  was  sold  to  the  United  States  marshal  for  sixty-five  dollars.  A  laxity  of  laws 
governing  steam  navigation  in  British  Columbia  waters  was  brought  to  public  notice  in  August,  1871,  when  the 
pioneer  Emily  Harris,  the  fourth  steamer  built  in  the  colony,  exploded  her  boiler,  killing  the  veteran  Captain 
Frain,  and  leaving  a  mystery  regarding  the  occurrence  which  has  never  been  solved.  The  steamer  left  Nanainio 
for  Victoria,  August  14th,  with  .sixty  tons  of  coal.  An  Indian  called  Joe,  who  acted  as  engineer  while  Captain 
Frain  was  steering,  escaped  unhurt,  as  did  two  or  three  other  Indians  on  board  at  the  time,  and  their  accounts  of 
the  manner  in  which  the  accident  occurred  were  very  unsatisfactory.  Captain  Frain,  a  pa.s.senger,  and  the  Chinese 
cook,  were  missing,  and  none  of  the  bodies  were  ever  found,  a  fact  which  at  that  time  cau.sed  consideraMe  talk  01 


I>.  A.  McDkrmott 


"D.  A.  McDermott,  engineer,  born  in  Ireland  in  1S46,  came  to  tlie  Pacific  Coast  on  the  steamship  A'ew/iern,  wii! 
went  to  Sitka,  leaving  her  there  and  workinK  ashore  for  the  Ciovernment  for  two  years.  On  retnniinj;  to  San  I'rancisc 
tile  steamer  Piinee  filbert  for  a  season  and  next  ran  to  China  for  the  Pacific  Mail  for  four  years,  from  there  K°<nK  '"  ili' 
on  the  Panama  route.  He  was  next  on  the  California  running  to  San  Diego  and  afterwanl  on  the  A/mitana  to  the  Cohn 
Later  lie  spent  three  years  as  chief  engineer  on  the  ferries,  leaving  there  to  go  on  the  steamship  yicloria  in  the  northern 
year.  He  was  afterward  chief  of  the  Sanln  Cms  for  a  similar  period,  and  from  that  time  until  1.S91  ran  as  chief  on 
Lagiina,  and  one  or  two  other  .steam  schooners.  In  1891  he  went  north  on  the  whaler  Thraslier,  remaining  with  ' 
seasons,  and  on  his  return  joined  the  Alaska  Packing  .Association,  for  whom  he  has  recently  fitted  up  the  sternwheeler.S'.  M 
which  will  be  shipped  north  in  sections,  and  Mr.  McDermott  will  put  her  in  running  order  when  she  reaches  her  destiniit 

''Capt.  Cyrus  M.  Noyes  was  born  in  Searsport,  Me.,  in  1842,  and  has  l>een  connected  witli  the  marine  linsiiiess  siui 
He  first  came  to  the  Northwest  in  1870  011  the  bark  liarihaldi  running  to  China.     In  1876  he  took  command  of  the  bark 
in  the  same  trade,  leaving  her  a  few  years  later  for  the  bark  Coloma,  which  he  still  commands.     Captain  Noyes  has 
continuous  years  of  service  in  the  Portland  and  China  trade  than  any  man  in  the  Northwest. 


wlncli  lie 
he  joinc'l 
,IAi///.i»J 
nlo  River 
rade  for  a 
:lie  Cdii. 
tr  for  t«o 
Mallt,':,'. 
'II. 

lioyhooJ. 
Jill  AViii' 
.tilt  more 


Ibul  lda> 
was  wre.  - 
during  '■• 
and  the  ' 
injuring 
a  few  pn  • 
Imtthe  M 


IJ 


Remarkable  Trip  of  the  "Shoshone,"  Willamette  and  Columbia  Transportation  Enterprises 


199 


Capt:\iii  Hayes, 
s.<ir  'l':llair  also 
ictoria  and  San 

niontli  for  iwu 
I  and  slow  that 
iiilt  ill  1865  for 

New  ( Irenadai) 

was  purchased 

thirty-one  feel 
rly  two  niontlis, 
mil  June,  i8;4. 
1874).     Captain 

she  was  on  the 
r.  The  fniteil 
'insKiw,  was  at 
lie  Oregon  Ijiiilt 
<  a  three-mastfil 
beam,  and  ei^lit 

were  the  Nen- 
in  the  coasting 
)y  J.  A.  Hooper 
itaiii  Patterson, 
Noyes,"  were 
orts,  tlie  former 
tie.  "''-5  bark 
nl  ill  .S,.|)teniher 
ands.  Railroad 
ilerablc  number 
lilioiiK  the  fleet 
■nska,  American 
;ed  at  Kalaiiia, 
■  British  barks 
llid  ( 'oldslreaiii. 
irk  Alih-ii  IStssf. 
'fiiiix,  Propsila. 

,  and  the  bark 
id  was  credited 
d  trips  between 

-I  ha  III  man  also 
made  and  lost 

which  he  ran 

ated  aiul  taken 
laxity  of  laws 
1S71,  when  the 
■eteraii  Captain 
;r  left  Xanainm 
while  Captain 
leir  acrinints  uf 
ind  the  Chiiiest 
ideralile  talk  of 


wii : 

■ancisi- 
K  to  111 
e  Coldi 
rltiern 
ief  on 
;  witli  ■ 
r.V.  .1/ 
;5tiiiMt 
ss  siiii 
liarlc  . 
!.s  lias 


I  wliicli  lie 
.  liejoiiiC'l 
MonkM 
i-lo  River, 
irade  for.i 
■lie  Ctlk. 
rr  for  two 
Malluu^. 
II. 

hoyliooJ. 
Jen  h'i'iSi 
iiMitniore 


CaI'I.  Aj.i.kn  No\  ks 


foul  plti^  The  American  bark  Hatlic  lifsse,  from  .San  Frniici.sco  for  Biirrard'.s  Inlet  to  load  lutiiber  for  Shangliai, 
was  wrei  ..1(1  N'ovemlier  20th  about  twenty  miles  south  of  Tatoosh  light.  The  vessel  came  in  too  close  to  the  land 
during  '•  heavy  fog,  and  as  soon  as  the  danger  was  •  .ili/.ed  the  anchors  were  let  go,  but  the  chain  parted 
and  the  vessel  drifted  ashore,  striking  heavily  on  a  rock  and  parting  amidships  almost  imiiiedintely,  .severely 
injuring  two  men.  The  heavy  .sea  running  prevented  the  crew  from  saving  anything  from  the  wreck  except 
a  few  priivisions.  The  revenue  cutter  A/«r()/«  was  dispatched  from  Port  Town.send  to  the  scene  of  the  di.saster, 
but  the  sinvivors  were  picked  up  and  taken  to  Portland  by  the  steamer  Cnli/oniia.    The  bark  was  valued  at  about 

ibrty  thousand  dollars  and  was  insured  for  fifteen  thousand.     At  the  time  of  the 
accident  she  was  in  command  of  Capt.  James  H.  Gragg.     The  steamer  IJ.  S.  (iruiil, 
Capt.  J.  H.  I).  Gray,  while  lying  at  the  wharf  at  Fort  Caiiby,  December  ig,  1.S71, 
was  blown  adrift,  and  before  steam  could  be  rai.sed,  or  an  anchor  made  to  hold,  she 
struck  the  beach  and  was  soon  knocked  to  pieces  by  the  heavy  sea.     Captain  Gray 
and  his  brother,  A.  W.  Gray,"'  escaped  in  a  small  boat,  but  the  tremendous  sea  pre- 
vented their  landing  until  they  were  nearly  frozen.     The  steamer  jiroved  a  total 
loss,  her  name-board  serving  as  a  nucleus  for  a  large  collection  of  similar  relics  now 
on  exhibition  at  the  Fort  Caiiby  Life  Saving  Station.     The  brig  liyzanlium,  Captain 
Roys,  while  on  a  whaling  cruise  in  the  north,  was  wrecked  mi  a  sunken  reef,  October 
19th,  slipping  off  the  reef  the  following  day  and  sinking  in  sixty  fathoms  of  water. 
The  crew  escaped,  but  the  vessel  and  the  cargo  of  three  hundred  barrels  of  oil  were 
a  total  lo.ss.     The  li\::aiilium  was  a  well  known  vessel  in  the  Northwest,  and  first 
came  to  X'ictoria  in    1867.     She  was  afterward  libeled  and  sold  to  Captain  Calhoun 
at  Port  Townsend,  who  ran  her  as  a  packet  between  Honolulu  and   I'uget  Sound, 
until  the  year  preceding  the  wreck,  when  he  fitted  her  up  as  a  whaler. 
One  of  the  prominent  marine  men  who  passed  away  in  1871  was  Capt.  William  Dierdorfl",  I'liited  States 
Inspector  of  Hulls,  who.se  death  occurred  in  Portland,  July  24tli.     Captain  Dierdorff  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
July  4,  1S15.     He  was  married  to  a  sister  of  Capt.  J.  C.  Ainsworth,  and   coining  we.st  in    1.SS4  was  one  of  the 
raercantile   firm   of  .\insworth    &    Dierdorff  at   Oregon    City.       He 
W.1S  afterward  chief  of  the  commi.ssary  department  of  the  Oregon 
Steam  Navigation  Company,  and  on  the  death  of  Captain  Couch  was 
appointed  Inspector  of  Hulls.     Capt.  Charles  \V.  Pope,  for  a  number 
of  years  engaged  on  the  steamer  Upper  \\'illamflli\  was  drowned  in 
the  Clackamas  River  in  June.     S.  T.  Church,  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  People's  Transportation  Company,  died   at   Santa   Clara,   Cal., 
M.irch   2.Sth.     Capt.    William    Mouatt,    the   pioneer    Hud.son's    Hay 
master,  died  in  a  canoe  at  Fort  Rupert,  in  route  from  Knight's  Inlet, 
.\pril  litli. 

.\  number  of  additions  were  made  to  the  minor  steam  fleet  on 
I'uget  Sound  in  1872,  none  of  the  vessels  being  of  very  much  impor- 
tance. The  tug  Ulakely  was  built  at  Port  Hlakely  by  the  mill 
company,  in  whose  service  she  continued  for  many  years.  Her 
iiiacliinery  had  been  taken  from  the  propeller  Columbia,  which  had 
been  brought  up  from  San  FVancisco  by  Captain  Gove  and  used  in 
towing  for  a  short  time.  Capt.  Sam  Jackson  was  her  first  master  and 
was  followed  by  Captains  Dave  Hill,  .Selby,  Frank  Smith,  J.  I.ibby, 
Harry  Struve  and  others.  After  running  for  several  years  as  a  tow- 
boat,  her  machinery  was  removed  and  the  hull  was  rigged  as  a  sailing 
vessel.  The  Cohiinbia  was  an  old  brig  razeed.  She  was  built  in 
.Maine  in  i.S4y,  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  that  year.  After  her 
raachiiary  had  been  removed,  Renton,  .Smith  &  Co.,  the  owners, 
rigged  her  as  a  schooner,  and  she  was  again  employed  in  the  coa.sting 
trade.  Captain  Lennan  had  command  of  her  for  a  short  time,  and  H.  W.  liaughman  was  al.so  one  of  her 
masters.  Capt.  John  T.  Connick  built  the  small  propeller  Ceori^ia  at  Seabeck  in  1872,  and  ran  her  as  a  passenger 
and  towing  steamer  between  Seabeck  and  Port  Gamble.  She  was  afterward  sold  in  British  Columbia,  and  was 
used  as  tender  for  a  dredge  in  Victoria  harbor,  ending  her  days  under  the  British  flag.  The  I.ivrly,  built  at 
Mare  Isl  iiid  Navy  Yard  in  187 1  as  a  launch  for  the  U.  S.  steamer  Pensacola,  was  purchased  in  1 872  for  the  jobbing 


CaIT.    .\.    W.    ('.HAS 


runmiij;  ■ 
river  su- . 
looli  lici 
Wehom, . 
FrcJeti,  ■: 
llieui  uiu 
wlio  lia\  1- 


ipl.  .\.  \V.  ('ir.iy  was  liorn  at  Clatsop  Heach  ill  1850,  and  commenced  liis  marine  life  on  tlie  sttanier  (.'ivi'X'i'  .*>'.  I^'n\'/il 
istwise.     Ill  1S66  lie  was  on  tlie  steanisliip  Orei;oniitn,  uml  on  liis   return   from  the  Kast  that  year  lie  began  running  on 

iiiers.  He  was  ou  the  ('.  S.  liniiii  at  the  time  of  her  wreck  in  1S71,  and  was  afterward  on  the  steamer  I'aiiiiia,  which 
place  on   llie  ilwaco  route,  and  on  the  tug    Sei/d/iti.     He    was  then  engaged  on  the  steamers  ,t/i/;r  /u'//,  t'liiit'Oitirr, 

■  hiiikslep  and  Cleirhliid  on  tlie  lower  river,  and  along  in  the  eighties  went  to  the  upper  river,  where  he  liad  charge  of  the 
Hillings  for  a  long  time,  and,  when  the  new  .steamers  Cily  oj  Ellcnihurg  and  T.  I..  Nixon  were  huilt,  he  commanded 
iiliout  two  years  ago,  leaving  to  talce  the  steamer  Afasiol  on  the  Lewis  River  route.  He  is  one  of  a  ((uarlette  of  brothers 
jL-eii  very  successful  as  steamboatmen. 


m^- 


'I'M    ■ 

ill    I ' 

( 
I 


.1 

tl 


ano 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


ami  towing  trade  arotitul  Seattle.  In  1874  she  was  operated  for  several  nioiiths  as  a  ferry  between  New  a\u\  Olil 
Taconia,  in  charge  of  Capt.  George  1).  Messegee  and  Kngineer  II.  I.yneli.  The  steamer  A'l'sr.  launched  ,ii  Silltn 
ill  i,Sfi2,  and  .subsequently  operated  as  a  sailing  ve.ssel,  appeared  again  as  a  steamer  in  iH;^,  having  l)een  liiud  u]! 
by  the  sons  of  Allen  I'rancis,  American  consul  at  Victoria,  and  Ivdvvin  H.  Francis''  ran  her  as  a  trader  l)el\vii.ii  tin- 
Sound,  Victoria  and  Alaska.  The  steamer  Siiufss,  built  by  Captain  Coupe,  was  rutniing  between  .SeattU-  ami 
Port  Ulakely.      She  afterward  passed  into  the  hands  of  John   Hell  and  from  him  to  Ca|)tain  Nu^jciii,'   wliu 

continued  her  on  the  Hlakely  route  for  a  number  of  years,  snlisc 
quently  .selling  her  to  parties  at  .Seattle,  who  in  turn  disposed  of  liet 
to  Newell  Urothers  of  Drcas  Island.  Capt.  Joseph  Spralt  of  \'ictori;i 
completed  a  fine  sidewheeler  at  San  Juan  Island  in  1872.  ,Slie  was 
christened  Maiidi',  and  was  supplied  with  machinery  from  the  old 
steam  barge  Transport,  which  had  been  built  on  I'uget  Sound  for  tlw 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  wrecked  on  Vancouver  Island 
several  years  before  while  en  ronli-  to  San  Francisco.  The  A/aii,/i  w,ns 
one  hundred  and  sixteen  leet  long,  twenty-one  feet  beam,  and  iiiiu' 
feet  hold.  She  made  her  trial  trip  May  4th  in  command  of  Ca|ilain 
Holmes,  who  remained  in  charge  of  her  until  1877.  when  Haiiicl 
Morri.son  became  master  and  was  succeeded  in  1879  and  i.s.So  by 
Captains  Rudlin  and  Ramsey.  In  1884  she  was  converted  into  .i 
barge  and  a  year  later  again  rectiv  >I  n)achinery,  this  time  ri),'Ked  out 
as  a  propeller,  making  her  trial  trip  September  18th.  When  Captain 
Spratt  dispcsed  of  his  steamboat  interests  to  the  Canadian  I'acilic 
Navigation  Company,  the  new  owners  ran  the  steamer  on  the  west 
coast  route  and  have  continued  her  in  that  trade  to  the  present  linif. 
Captains  William  Meyer,  Jones,  Berry,  Hrown  and  Leaks  successively 
commanding  until  18./ 1,  when  she  was  put  in  charge  of  Captain 
Roberts. 

The  steamer  Emma  was  sold  this  year  by  Captain  Spratt  to 
T.  J.  Burns  for  $4,500,  and  Captains  Rudlin,  Ramsey,  Holmes  ami 
Lucky  commanded  her  during  the  year.  British  Columbia  steamers 
changed  masters  frequently,  and  in  1872  the  /;";//«/;7jy' was  credited  with  the  following 
captains  :  Swanson,  McKinnon,  McNeil  and  Rudlin  ;  the  Grappler,  Mcintosh,  Devereaux 
and  Rudlin  ;  the  /sabel,  Morrison,  Pamphlet,  Ramsey  and  Lanborne  ;  the  Otter,  Swanson 
and  Lewis.  The  old  Beaver  was  in  charge  of  one  of  her  early  masters,  Captain  Mitchell, 
and  Captain  Devereaux  handled  the  steamer  Cariboo  and  I'ly.  The  steamer  dolia/i,  Capt. 
S.  D.  Libby,  Mate  J.  A.  McCoy,'"  .served  for  a  short  time  on  the  X'ictoria  route  in  1872  as 
a  mail  boat.  The  Prime  Alfred,  which  was  one  of  Ro.senfeld  iN:  Bermingham's  Victoria 
mail  steamers,  was  quarantined  early  in  the  year  at  Victoria,  and  during  this  detention  the 
old  steamship  Califoriiia,  Captain  Hornsby,  made  several  trips  to  Victoria  in  her  place. 
This  firm  also  operated  the  steamship  Dakota  in  connection  with  the  Prince  Alfred.  The 
Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  and  the  North  Pacific  Transportation  Company  settled 
their  disputes  by  the  former  company  purchasing  the  steamships  California,  Orizaba,  Pacific 
and  Senator,  and  all  of  the  business  of  the  .southern  route.  Her  Majesty's  steamship 
Sparrow  I/awk,  which  had  been  stationed  at  Esquimalt  for  several  years,  was  purchased 
in  1872  by  Corbett  &  Macleay  of  Portland,  who  converted  her  into  a  sailing  vessel. 

But  few  steamers  were  built  on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  in  1872,  the  """  ' 

additions  to  the  list  nearly  all  being  unimportant.     The  steamer  /a«c  West,  which  had  arisen  from  the  ruins  ol 
the  Eagle,  made  her  appearance  in  April  in  command  of  Capt.  Dean  Blanchan!,  who  afterward  owned  her  ami  ran 


Capt.   t.KOHI.B   I>.    MKSSBtiKB 


l::;.: 


*'Capt.  IMwiii  H.  I'rancis,  of  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1.S51  ami  conimenceil  steamboatinK  in  the  Noriliwesl 
on  tlie  steamer  A'oie*  in  1S72.  He  is  a  son  of  Allen  I-'rancis,  for  a  lon^  lime  .American  consul  at  Victoria.  Captain  Francis  run  tlie 
steamer  A'o.sv  until  1S77,  when  she  was  sold,  and  since  then  he  has  been  employed  most  of  the  time  as  a  pilot  on  Initcl  Slates 
vessels  running  to  Alaska. 

**  Capt.  James  Nugent  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1845  and  commenced  steaintoating  on  Puget  Sound  in  1S7J  on  tlic 
Success.  He  was  afterward  owner  of  a  number  of  stiiall  steamers  on  I  uget  Sound  and  for  many  years  had  almost  a  niono|)iil\  hI  Hie 
Ijiisiness  between  Port  Blakely  and  Seattle.  His  last  steamer  on  this  route  was  tlie  Michigan,  which  he  ran  until  1.S91  and  tluii  sold 
her  to  John  A.  Devlin. 

"Capt.  J.  A.  McCoy  was  born  in  Maine  in  1843  and  followed  the  sea  in  many  parts  of  the  world  until  wrecked  near  Hirclay 
Sound  in  the  ship /^o/cs/  King'wv  1870.  This  voyage  terminated  his  e-iperience  on  deep-water  vessels.  After  the  IndKuis  had 
pillaged  the  vessel  and  relieved  him  and  the  rest  of  the  crew  of  their  valuables,  McCoy  and  his  associates  made  their  wa\  10  the 
Sound  and  from  there  to  the  Columbia  River.  There  the  captain  found  employment  as  mate  on  the  steamer ynZ/rt,  bnl  soon  ii  It  her 
to  join  the  (iotiah  in  the  same  capacity.  He  remained  with  her  for  some  time  and  then  joineil  the  /'Ita  While,  and  was  suhsiir.iently 
master  of  the  steamer  Cclilo,  going  from  her  to  the  steam  tug  Yaki)na,  where  he  remained  a  season,  thence  to  the  .V.  I..  .V(i>/'i^,  011 
which  he  served  three  years.  lie  spent  the  same  length  of  time  on  the  tug  Taconia  as  mate  and  master,  and  while  not  in  coiiniiand 
of  the  towboats  hamlled  the  I'hantoin.  When  the  steamer  Wasco  was  taken  around  from  the  Columbia  River,  Captain  Mia  »  w" 
put  in  charge  and  ran  her  to  Bellingham  Bay  for  several  mouths. 


Rvmarknbli)  Trip  of  thu  "Shoshone."  Wilhrnuttf  :wil  (ioh/inhia  Transf)ortation  Entfrpn'stis 


2o\ 


I 


li'i 


her  fill  I  mimlH;r  of  yeatH  in  connection  witii  \m  lunit)eritiK  interests,  Tlic  sIcumiit  was  less  than  fifty  feet  long, 
willi  tliiilccn  feet  beam.  Tlie  .Utin'n  li'ilkiiis,  a  small  stern wiieeler,  was  omslritcteii  at  Portland  liy  K.  M.  Warren, 
and  a  ^  ir  later  was  fortunate  enouKli  to  make  a  single  tri|>  that  gives  her  a  permanent  place  in  history,  having 
liten  till'  lirst  boat  to  pass  tliroUKh  the  newly  completed  locks  at  Oregon  City.  Capt.  J.  S.  Huntington  had 
couiiiiiunl  of  the  steamer  until  iH7r),  and  was  succeeded  by  Cajit.  Fred  Wilson.  The  W'ilkin.i  was  of  small 
iin|H)rl  iiKc  except  as  a  towboat,  and  after  sinking  several  times  ended  her  prosaic  existence  early  in  i.S.So  on  the 
lieacli.  Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  seventy-six  feet;  beam,  seventeen  feet:  depth,  four  feet;  engines,  eight 
by  lorlv  eight  inches.  A  steam  ferry  was  established  in  1.S72  between  Vancouver,  Wash.,  and  the  opposite  shore 
byCapl.  IC.  W.  Baughman,  the  Oregon  landing  being  the  same  spot  which  Capl.  John  Swit/ler  had  selected  for 
his  feri>  over  twenty  years  before.  The  increasing  number  of  sailing  vessels  in  the  deep-water  fleet  provided  the 
til);  Astoria  with  very  remunerative  employment,  and  in  1H7J  she  secured  the  first  of  many  similar  prizes, 
receiving  five  thousand  dollars  salvage  for  hauling  the  barkentine  Joiir  A.  /'nlkiiitx  r^  off  Clatsop  Spit.  When 
liusiiieNN  was  light  on  the  bar,  the  Aslon'a  frequently  towed  vessels  ti))  the  river  as  far  as  Oak  I'oint.  The  tugs 
,]/,iiiiii,i,  and  ( 'aniHii  also  engaged  in  this  work,  the  steamer  />'<//  //olliKidv  relieving  them  of  their  tows  at  Oak 
Point  and  taking  the  vessels  to  Portland. 

The  fine  little  steamer  Haslport  was  built  at  Marshfield  in  1H72  by  Hans  Reed  "  for  Howard  iS:  I'ool  of 
San  l''raM(i.sco,  who  at  once  imt  her  in  the  coal  trade  between  Coos  Hay  and  the  California  metropolis.     She  had 
excellent  pa.ssenger  accommodations,  and  carried  about  four  hunilred  and  fifty  tons  of  coal  per  trip.     Capt.  George 
I'atoii  '    was    first    in    connnand,    and    was    succeeded    by    Captain 
Whitney,   who  lost   the  steamer  near   Point   Arena   in   July,    1.H75. 
.Alexander  McDonald  '  was  one  of  the  best  known  engineers  with 

the  steamer  (.see  wreck  of  /■'iislf>o)i,  i,S7s).     Another  small  steamer  ;.; 

designed  for  iidand  navigation  was  built  at  Umpire  City  in  1.S72  by 
Capt.  W.  H.  I.use.  She  was  named  the  Salcllilr,  and  was  seventy- 
two  feel  long,  nineteen  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  six  inches  hold,  with 
engines  nine  by  forty-eight  inches.  Capt.  Theodore  John.son  was 
her  first  conunander  and  was  succeeded  by  Captains  I.anfair,  Graves, 
I.use,  and  others.  Nearly  all  the  prominent  steainboatmen  on  Coos 
Hay  have  worked  on  the  steamer  in  some  capacity  at  difiereiit  times. 
The  steamer  Onealta  was  launched  at  Pioneer  City,  Yaquina  Hay, 
and  made  her  trial  trip  in  February,  1872.  The  OhkiIIu  was  a  side- 
wheeler,  with  engines  thirteen  by  thirty-six  inches,  length  eighty-two 
feet,  fourteen  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  hold.  She  was  owned  by 
George  Kellogg,  and  came  around  to  the  Columbia  shortly  after  she 
was  comi)leted,  having  been  purchased  by  the  Humes,  who  i)laced 
her  in  charge  of  luigene  Brock,  who  was  succeeded  in  command  by 
Captains  A.  T.  Davis,  A.  L.  Pease,  A.  C.  Fisher,  Fred  Congdon, 
G.  \V.  Taylor,  and  others.  She  was  changed  to  a  sternwheeler  in 
1881,  and  a  year  later  was  taken  to  Hundmldt  Bay  by  Captain 
Wa.ss.  The  steamer  Mary  Belt  was  bought  by  John  Marshall,  who 
ran  her  to  Cathlamet  and  Oak  Point.  The  wheel  of  the  pioneer 
steamer  Julia  made  its  last  revolution  in  Decend)er.  Her  machinery 
was  then  removed,  preparatory  to  breaking  up  the  hull.  On  consolidating  his  steamship  interests  with  those 
recently  acquired  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  Ben  Holladay  reorganized  his  forces,  and  the  Oregon 


/ 


e.Ml.  J.    .\.    NKtOV 


"lliins  Reeil  of  Ilandon,  Or.,  was  horn  in  Norway  in  iS^o,  and  sailed  ooaslwise  tliere  unlil  i.Sjy,  when  he  laiiie  lo  California, 
.^fter  his  arrival  lie  was  employed  as  a  draiij,'litsinaii  in' North's  slii|iy;ird  in  San  I'ranoisoo,  holding  the  posiliDii  seven  years.  He 
siibsci|iieiilly  went  lo  Washinntoii  Territory,  and,  in  partnership  with'  his  brother,  built  a  iniinber  ofvi-ssels  at  Port  Mailison,  anions 
llieiii  Ihi.-  schooner  W .  S.  I'lielfti,  the  barlieiuine  .V.  M.  Sliison.  steamer  /uii/'iir,  ami  the  four-niasliil  sclKiDiier  I'm  ilaii.  I'rom 
I'ort  Mi.lison  he  went  to  Marshlield,  reinainiiiH  tliirti-eii  years,  ami  (UiriiiK  that  time  i-oinpleud  the  steamers  ICi>stf<orl  and  (i'liv  Hiiy, 
AmuT^  /'iiiiiioiiiii,  /.aiiru  May,  falin  d.  .Voilli,  i\w\  others.  I'riiin  Marshfield  he  went  to  the  Coiinillc  and  constrnc-led  the  tug 
liMimfh,  steamer  l^cipatch,  and  several  sehooners, 

■  Capt.  (".eorne  I'atoii  was  born  ill  .Scotland  in  iS3^.  lie  came  to  the  Pacific  Co.ist  in  1S69.  and  commenced  sailing  ont  of 
San  I'r.uiciseo  on  the  schooner  ICvml,  in  which  he  was  cast  awav  on  his  first  voyage  while  (■»  roiilc  lo  Crescent  City,  all  hands 
lieiiiH  s:ived.  l-'rom  1S59  to  KS71  he  was  on  dilTerenl  sailing  vessels  in  the  co.isling  Iraile  and  lo  the  .Sandwich  Islands,  and  w.is  willi 
Sinipsiiii's  liiKB  and  schooners  for  two  years.  In  1S71  he  was  given  Cdiiimand  of  the  Eaitporl,  which  he  operated  for  a  year  between 
San  Pr;iiicisco  and  Coos  Hay,  next  rnnning  the  Sorway  in  the  .same  Ir.ide.  He  was  siibseipieiilly  master  of  the  steamer  Cmiiiilli-  lo 
Coos  l!,iv  and  afterward  lo  the  I'lnpcpia  for  a  period  of  two  years,  leaving  her  for  the  steamer  I Iiiiiihulill,  which  he  ran  Id  Ilnmbidill 
Day  ail. I  Crescent  City  for  nine  \  ears.  When  the  Oregon  I'aoifie  Kailroad  Coiii|>any  eslablisheil  a  sleamship  service  to  Yaipiina  Hay, 
lie  «iis  ■-iiccessively  in  oommind  of  the  Yaquina  Cily,  /unlerii  OreQini  and  H'illa»iiilr  I'allcw  remaining;  willi  the  latter  steamer  for 
four  vfiis.  lie  w'as  afterward  on  the  steamer  /!>(«/  Loiiia,  of  which  he  was  part  "Wiier.  and  in  October,  i.Sij.l,  look  charge  of  the 
stcaniir  Homer,  which  he  is  still  running.  lie  is  inleresleil  in  the  steamer  Saliitnal  Cily.  rnnning  lo  Iliiniboldl  Hay,  and  is  also  an 
'miitr  III  the  fonr-masted  schooners  Saliator,  Ethel  /.anc  and  Haii/iO) ,  in  the  Inniber  trade. 

Alexander  McDonahl,  engineer,  was  born  in  Scotl.ind  in  1S23.  and  came  lo  .America  when  ipiile  yoniiK  His  first  marine 
strvici  ill  this  country  was  on  steamships  from  New  York  lo  Panama,  anil  in  1.S61)  he  arrived  in  San  I'raiicisco,  where  he  joined  the 
sleani-hip  .Salinas  as  first  assistant,  remaining  for  a  year,  snbsecpienlly  going  lo  the  /'asf/ioi /  in  the  Coos  Hay  trade  fiir  eighteen 
moiuh.^  He  was  next  on  the  Ans  .lni;elfs,  running  to  llie  Sound  for  over  a  year,  and  from  there  went  to  the  steamer  //iimhoUII, 
which  VMS  about  the  last  of  his  marine  work.  He  is  now  on  the  relireil  list,  and  for  a  number  of  years  has  been  trustee  and  treasurer 
of  the  .Mariue  Engineers'  Association.     In  1S63  ami  1S64  he  served  for  nearly  a  year  on  the  upper  Columbia  River  steamers. 


il! 


Lewii  (f  Drydon'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwvst 


\i\ 


\\\ 


Steninsliip  Conipnny,  operntini;  river.  Sniind  atu!  ocean  steniiifrs  and  railroad^*,  siicocedcd  the  North  I'lcific 
Transportation  Company.  Tho  Wiilatnettc  River  Navigation  Company,  wliii'h  was  destined  to  make  iii.ilterH 
very  intcrt'stinK  for  Holladay's  stfainl)oats,  clfctfd  the  foUowiiij;  directors  in  November:  Jacoli  Kamm,  Mlijaii 
Corlittt,  Charles  Holman,  Lloyd  Krook.  H.  (ioldsmitli.  Oeorxe  Marslmlt  and  Joseph  KeiloKK' 

Ocean  steamships  on  the  northern  route  in  i.sy.'  were  tlie  Ihi/lnmmr.  Captains  l-'loyd,  Connorn  and  Bolle*; 
John  I..  Slrphiiis,  Captain  Coinior  ;  I'luifii,  Capt.  I'eter  Mackie  ;  /ilnlio,  Capt.  JelT  Howell;  and  A/ax,  Caiitain 
Holies.  ReKular  coasting  traders  riitniinK  north  from  San  Francisco  were  the  barks  W'liis/Ur.  Captain  Simpson; 
ll'i/'/ih>/,  Krecniaii  ;  //</r>i  //'.  Oliiev,  W'iddinson  ;  harkeiitines  .h/u/iii,  Henderson  ;  Mihiiiitlnni,  I'atterson  ;  lirigH 
Oriinl.  WhcelwriKhl ;  /Inwslii,  Dnff;  l)iirks  . //wi/Z/i;.  Kival,  liarkeiitine  Free  TiaJe,  \i\\f,  I'eifelua,  scIkioikts 
Kalie  Heron,  Aliee  Haake,  and  others.  The  I'uKet  Sound  lumber  fleet  iucluiled  the  barks  Ciimden.  Clirisliflin 
Milelutl,  Gohlhunler,  Forest  Oueeii.  (h m  of  the  Oreiiid,  Indian  F.nifiire,  Harrison,  .Malliiille,  .Martha  Ritt,,\iit. 
Narramissie.  Pouhalan,  Siot/and  aiu\  Tidal  Wave:  barkeiitine  (('.  //.  dawley  :  ships  /i'/r«/i(r,  Fli-.aheth  Kimball, 
Fl  Porado,  Oeean  Traveler,  /'anther,  William  /fame  \\w\  ]\'ild:eood.  The  latter  vessel,  built  at  Port  Madisiiii  in 
1S71),  was  nearly  two  thousand  tons  register.  She  was  purchased  in  San  Franci.sco  in  December  by  C.  L.  Taylor 
for  $/5.ooi'.  The  bark  Seotland  was  condemned  and  sold  at  Seattle,  Fred  I'eterson,  engineer  of  the  Ithuk 
Diamond,  securing  her  for  Jtj.ijoo.  I,und)er  charter  rates  were  exceedingly  high  in  1S72,  the  bark  Maltf,ille 
receiving  5-2. ihi  per  thousand  from  hurrard's  Inlet  to  Callao,  and  the  .schooner  Aliee  llaake,  a  24oton  vessel, 
receiving  ;J,^4  oo  per  thousand  from  the  same  port  to  Melbourne ;  and  in  October  the  highest  rate  ever  paid  was 

for  a  charter  made  in  San  Francisco  to  toad  lumber  on  the  Souiul  lor 
Callao  at  $,^7.51'  per  thousand,  with  return  cargo  guaranteed.  Among 
the  flying  passages  made  by  the  Sound  fleet  was  that  of  the  ship 
Eli-abelh  Kimball,  which  arrived  at  I'ort  Ntadisoii  in  January,  four 
days  and  .seven  hours  from  Sail  Francisco.  The  Tidal  Wave  made  the 
same  trip  in  December  in  five  days,  completing  the  round  trip  in 
twenty-five  days. 

The  luuuber  of  deep-water  .ships  visiting  the  Columbia  con- 
tinued to  increase  in  1S72,  among  them  being  the  British  shij)  Clulali 
and  American  bark  Metis  with  railroad  iron  from  Wales,  the  American 
ships  .Innie  F.  Small  and  /.onave  with  similar  cargoes  from  Xew 
York.  Urilish  ship  Siam  with  railroad  iron  from  Kngland,  and  llie 
Uritish  bark  l.oeh  Pee  with  a  general  cargo  from  Liverpool.  From 
the  Orient  came  the  American  barks  (iaribaldi,  Captain  Noyes, 
with  two  hundred  and  seventy  Chinese,  and  /iduard  James,  Captain 
Patterson,  with  three  hundred  and  eighty;  British  ship  Forieanl, 
Captain  White,  three  hundred  and  thirty,  and  the  Spanish  bark 
Manilla,  with  four  hundred  and  twenty-five  Chine.se.  The  Amer- 
ican bark  Aldeu  Fesse  also  brought  a  few  Orientals.  The  wheat 
fleet  from  the  Cohunbia  River  in  1872  included  the  followinR 
ves.sels :  American  ships  .-/.  .'/.  Small,  /onave,  the  British  ships 
Siam  and  Grossmier,  British  barks  liarraeouta,  llarriiii^ton,  .Uetis, 
Sfyarklini;  /><•,-.',  Fleetr\  Xavigator,  Loeh  Pee,  Fed  Deer,  A'oiuvilh, 
I'ietoria  A'yan^a,  Channel  Fixht  and  Chetah,  and  the  Spa^iiili  bark  Afanilla.  Charter  rates  were  about 
fifty  shillings,  although  the  l.oeh  Pee  received  fifty-two  .shiiling.s  ten  pence.  In  the  Honolulu  trade  were 
the  Falkenberg,  Captain  Cathcart,  the  brigs  Ferpetua  and  Fulhfinder,  the  latter  having  been  reconstructed 
from  the  old  schooner  Augusta  by  Walter  Moffitt,  and  was  sailed  by  Capt.  L.  M.  Rogers.  A  fine  schooner 
named  the  Mary  /'arker  was  built  on  Puget  Sound  by  Capt.  J.  P.  Adams'  of  Port  Townsend,  and  the  schooner 
Fii;  River  at  Freeport  and  Serena  '/'haver  at  Port  Discovery  were  launched  in  1872.  Coos  Hay  contriluiteil 
two  fine  vessels  to  the  coasting  sailing  fleet  in  the  .schooners  (iotatna  and  Orei;onian,  the  latter  making  her 
first  trip  from   San  Francisco  to  the  Columbia  in  December.     The  schooner  Ft'a  ,\/ay  was  built  at  St.  Helens 


Al.KXANItKK     McOo.NAi.K 


''  Capt.  William  I'ntterson,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1857,  anil  joined  the  old  bark  Carib  as  1 
He  served  for  al)Out  a  year  and  tlieii  went  as  master  of  tlie  hri^  Arago.     He  was  afterward  on  tlie  Enter (irise  for  about  two  >c 
leaving;  her  for  the  Metanchlon,  where  he  remained  ei^ht  years.     He  took  commaml  of  the  barktntine  Tarn  (I'Stiantcrm  1875. 
has  sailed  her  continuously  since  tliat  time. 

■''  Capt.  J.  r.  .\(lams  of  Port  Townsend  was  horn  in  Maine  in  1830,  arrived  in  San  I-"ranciseo  in  1850,  and  sailed  on  the  I 
M.try  Melville  between  San  l"rancisco,  Portland  and  Puget  Sonud.     Two  years  later  he  liad  charge  of  the  brig  Franklin  Allan: 
the  same  route.     He  next  joined  the  old  bark  Ori\  which  he  subsei|nently  left  to  assist  in  the  erection  of  the  mills  at  Nis(|ually. 
next  operated  a  schooner  to  Dritish  Columbia,  which  he  abaudone<l  in  1862  to  go  to  the  Cariboo  gold  mines.     Returning,  he  '■ 
the  scliooner /.o/Z/V  and  traded  on  the  Sound  with  her  for  ten  years.     After  <lispo.sini!  of  this  vessel  he  constructed  the  .sch. 
Mary  /'arker  in  1S72  and  traded  with  her  up  to  about  1880,  when  he  sold  her  to  the  Indians  at  Neah  Hay,  who  hired  two  white  : 
to  run  her  (see  wreck  o(  Mary  /'arker,  iS^t,).     In  the  seventies,  before  gas  coal  was  discovered  on  the  Sound,  he  supplied  S< 
with  large  quantities  of  this  necessary  commodity.     In    1S7S  and   1879  he  made  sealing  trips  on  the  A/ary  /'arker,  can 
twenty-four  canoes  and  forty-eight  Indians.     Soon  after  leaving  the  /'arker  he  retired  to  a  farm  near  Port  Townsen<l,  where  1'. 
since  resided. 


ite. 
ars, 
ml 

.irk 
on 
He 

.lih 
iier 
iieii 
ule 


III   an' 


Remarktblf  Trip  of  the  "Shoshonv,"  Williimvttv  ami  Culumbi.)  Fransfjortatinn  Enttrfirinva 


i^i 


by  W  J.  SteveiiM."  The  coal  ami  IuimIiit  traili'  of  Coos  Hay  and  vicinity  furiiiMhcd  i-iiiploynuMil  to  a  rvKular 
lleil  I  small  vessels  riiniiiiiK  to  San  Fraiicisoo,  aiiionx  tlivm  liciiiK  tile  schooners  . //i;i,'ii,  l.onl,  /'fmvik,  /■.'//lA/, 
Cliii.    A'.  Siilil,  Coiiiiillf  and  l.iuia  l\>ry. 

Marine  disasters  were  few  in  nutnlier  and  not  serious  in  nature  in  [S7J.  The  steamer  Kisohilr,  a  small  towl)oat 
l)iiiil  iwo  years  before,  exploded  her  boiler  at  I'ortland,  April  i.'th,  while  lyinK  at  Ihi'  wharf  at  the  fool  of  Morrison 
Strii  I.  She  was  owned  by  Haniill  and  Lewis,  the  latter  ai'lin^  as  engineer.  A  few  niinntes  before  the  accident 
I.ewi--  had  looked  at  the  steam  K'»<Kc,  which  indicated  a  i)ressure  of  but  forty  pounds.  He  then  walked  ashore, 
lUiii  -liortly  afterward  the  steam  be^an  blowing  ofT  at  the  safety  valve.  Tlii'  caused  him  to  return  to  the  steamer 
aiid  |iri'ss  the  lever  of  the  valve  down.  No  sooner  had  he  done  so  than  the  boiler  exploded  with  terrific  force,  but 
iiislcid  of  K"'i'K  upward,  as  is  usually  the  ca.se,  every tliiiit;  went  through  the  bottom  of  the  boat,  sinking  her 
almiist  instantly,  Lewis  escaped  to  the  dock,  but  the  fireman  and  Chinese  cook  were  blown  out  into  the  river, 
wIich'  they  were  afterward  |)icked  up  comparatively  iiniiijure<l.  The  steamer  was  valne<l  at  about  three  thousand 
ilulliiis  and  was  a  total  loss.     The  schooner  A'imv  I'liiy  was  wrecked  on  Shoal  water  Hay  in  September. 

Notable  deaths  in  the  profession  in  1.S72  were  Capt.  William  Irving,  the  |>io!ieer  steamboatman  of  the 
W'illainette  and  l-'rastr  rivers,  who  passed  away  suddenly  at  New  Westminster,  H.  C,  August  2Hth.  Cajil  John 
Swaiison,  who  came  out  on  the  Ciulhoro.  and  was  for  many  years  on  the  lliiiiii  and  other  Hudson's  Hay  steamers, 
(lied  at  \'ictoria,  October  2,vl.  Capt.  Ivlward  Stamp,  who  was  interested  in  a  number  of  marine  ventures  in  Kritish 
Columbia,  died  in  London,  November  22d,  and  Capt.  H.  H.  I.os-ejoy  at  Coupeville,  Wash.  At  San  Francisco, 
Fred  1).  I''iiich,  who  ran  for  some  years  as  purser  on  his  father's  steamers  on  IHi^et  Sound,  died  December  5tli. 
a>!cd  iwetity-four  years.  At  I'ortland,  Kph  Uoy,  a  jxipular  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  purser,  died  May  5th,  aged 
lliirlv-iiine  years, 

■W.  J.  Stevens,  sliipliiillder,  Vifloria,  11.  C,  wiiH  liorii  ill  Kn^l'iod  ill  1H17.  Mis  first  marine  WDrk  in  tlic  Nortliwest  was  in 
1S72.  when  lie  liuill  tlic  Hi'liooner  Kllit  May  at  Westport,  Or.,  afterward  takiiiK  I'er  lo  Mexiro  anil  selling  liir  l<i  the  War  Detiartnieiit. 
He  oiinipleteil  tlic  steamer  ll'itZ/ioi/  fur  lliiiiKlas  iS:  West,  and,  before  K"''1K  '"  "rilisli  Coliiinbia,  lonstriieted  the  stennier  /\inily 
Sli'tfiii.  with  which  hr  eii^'atted  in  the  lialilait  fishery  od'  (Jiieeii  Charlotte's  Island  until  sto|nied  tiy  the  Diniiinion  I'lii  .iiineiit.  In 
l,S;S  he  linill  the  schooner  /•V.k/ivi  /'.V/,/;  at  St.  Helens,  and  in  later  years  the  steamers  l{'iniii/n\l,  I'igihiiil,  Kihlniiiin,  Atysliij, 
Sailii;  Suiin  and  .Vary  lime  at  \'ietoria. 


I     i 

I         [ 


!!,"; 


t  ! 


w 


i 


A 


y. 


CHAPTER    X. 

Mysterioi-s  P'atk  or  the  "GeorokS.  VVRicniT" — First  Steamer  Throuc.h  the  Locks  at  Okkc.on 
City — Steamers  oe  the  Willamette  River  Transi'ortation  Company — The  Steamer  "Daisy 
Ainsworth" — Trc.s  "Sedalia"  and  "Fearless" — The  Coos  Bay  &  CoyriLLE  Transportation 
Company  —  Merchants'  Transportation  Company  ok  Olympia  —  British  Steamer  "Union"  — 
Northwestern  I.i'mher  Fleet  of  1S73 — The  Willamette  River  Steamer  "Ohio" — Steamer 
"Willamette  Chiei-" — Colvmhia  &  Willamette  Barc.e  Company  —  Trc.s  "C.J.  Brenham" 
AM)  "Katie  Cook" — Steamers  "Olenora"  and  "Gem"  on  the  Stickekn  River  —  Steamship 
"  I,os  Anc.ei.es" — Licensed  Okeicers  in  the  I'rc.ET  Soind  Inspection  District — The  Orec.on 
Clipper  "Western  Shore  "—H'iieat  Shipments  i-rom  Astoria — SniPnriLiuNc;  on  1'uoet  So^nd 
— Wreck  of  the  "Panther,"  "Sidi,"  "ICdwin,"  "Diana,"  and  Other  Well  Known  Vessels. 

ARLY  in  1873  the  .steamer  Ciiorge  S.  Wn'glil  disappeared  while  on  a  trip  from  Alaska 
to  Portland,  and,  though  strenuous  efforts  have  been  made  to  learn  the  exact  fate 
which  overtook  the  steamer,  her  crew  and  pa.ssengers.  the  mystery  hr.s  never  been 
fathomed,  and,  like  many  .similar  calamities  of  lesser  importance,  all  that  can  be  said 
is  that  she  sailed  away  and  no  message  ever  came  to  quiet  the  heartaches  of  thu.se 
whose  friends  and  relatives  perished  with  her.  The  (iioij;/-  S.  ]\'riglit  occupies  a 
permanc't  place  in  Northwestern  marine  annals  through  having  been  a  Puget  Sound 
production  and  having  spent  her  ;ntire  existence  in  the  waters  of  the  North  Pacific. 
She  was  launchcn  at  Port  Ludlow,  September  i,  i>S6,^,  for  John  T.  Wright,'  who 
named   her  in  honor  of  his  brother.      She  was  one 

hundred  and  sixteen  fee'  seven  inches  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  ten  "et  six 

inches  hold,  and,  in  command  of  Capt.  S.  F.  Lewis,  was  put  on  the  Portland 

and   X'ictoria   route,  where   she    ran    for   a   short   time,   until   secured    by  the 

Russian-American  Telegraph  Company,  who  sent  her  to  .Siberia,  where  she  was 

operated  in  their  interc.t  for  nearly  two  years.     On  the  failure  of  that  project  in 

i,S6,S  she  was  .sold  to  Jacob  Kamm,  who  ran  her  until  October,  1869,  and  then 

disposed  of  her  to  the  North  Pacific  Transportation  Company.     In  this  service 

she  carried  the  mail  on  the  Alaska  route,  and  was  commanded  at  different  times 

by  Waitt,  Rogers,  Hayes,  and  Thomas  J.  Ainsley.     She  .sailed  from  Portland  on 

her  last  trip  early  in  January,  coali^d  at  Nanaimo,  and  proceeded  to  Alaska. 

Arriving  at  Sitka,  she  di.soharged   her  cargo  and  started  on  the  return  trip, 

having  as  passengers  Major  Walker  and  wife,  Lieutenant  Rogers  and  servant, 

Charles  Waldron,  Charles   Kincaid,   Mr.  Sinsheimer,  (juartcrinaster's  clerk  at 

Sitka,    and   an    unknown    cooper.       At   Tongas.    John    Williams   of   \'ictoria, 

S.  Millotitch  anil  a  man  named  Hogan  and  his  son  were  taken  aboard.     After 

leaving  Sitka  the  steamer  went  to  Kluvok,  where  Waldron  had  a  fishing  station. 

Here  she  loaded  eight  hundred  barrels  of  salmon,   one  hundred  barrels  of  oil 


John  SlTluN 

a    few   bundles   of  skins 


11(1 


'Jolni  T.  WriKlit,  Jr.,  wa.s  !,ini  in  New  York  in  iSjfi,  and  naiiiLMl  lii.s  UiidwIi'iIkc  of  the  sleanisliip  busines.s  on  liis  fatlicr'.' 
vcsscl.s  sailing  >>"(  <>f  H'f  nielropolis.  lie  came  li>  tlie  Pacilie  Coast  in  i,S(i),  serveil  for  a  lon^  lime  as  engineer  on  tlie  .S'cii  Hiu!, 
(ii'/t(i/t,  aiul  other  vessels  owned  by  t!»e  elder  Wriylit.  and  eventually  ai'(iuired  an  interest  in  the  hnsiness.  The  steamer  wliicli  h,  irs 
his  name  w.is  intcniled  for  serviee  on  Pn^et  .Sound,  the  framework  liavlu)^  l)een  eouslrneted  hy  Capt.  John  II.  Scranton,  who  had  llic 
mail  eontraoi  lietween  Olympia  and  Victoria.  \Vrij;ht  houjjht  the  structure  as  it  lay  and  leiiKthened  it  for  .in  ocean  steanisliip. 
rtttini.' iKr  nut  with  the  enj^ines  of  the  old  S'<i  />ii</.  .\fier  seUin>(  this  steamer,  Wrij^ht  went  Ivist  in  iS66  and  hou^jht  the  (in  it' 
Telliiii  and  the  well  known  steamship  Willium  Tiihti ,  which  he  sent  around  to  the  Co.ist.  and  when  he  returned  in  1.S6S  ran  'lie 
latter  as  an  opposition  steamer  on  the  various  routes  out  of  Sau  I'rancisco.  On  the  Sound  he  was  interesteil  with  his  hrothers  in  .1.- 
Bteamers  Ji/iza  .  hii/fr.soii.  Olyiitpia,  (icori^e  S.  IViii^hl,  .lAiiiii,  and  other  early-day  steamers.  Of  late  years  Mr.  Wnght  has  not 
been  couiiccled  with  the  business,  and  is  now  living  in  Oakland,  Cal. 


r'  m 


Willamettt'  River  Locks  Completed,  Charter  Rates  of  the  Lumber  Fleet 


205 


furs,  viiling  for  Nanaimo,  Jamiary  2.stli.  Her  crew  consisted  of  Thomas  J.  Aiiislcy,  captain  ;  B.  V.  WeicUer, 
puisi  1  ;  John  Sutton,  chief  engineer;  James  Minor,  second  engineer;  Daniel  Noonan,  first  officer;  William  Price, 
seciiiul  officer;  V.  Clawson,  t)\ven  McGough.  firemen;  ICdward  Johnson.  Arclioald  Dunii,  James  Irwin,  Gns 
ProOV,  J.  Jenson,  seamen  ;  Chrir.  Adams,  steward  ;  Pedro  Salvo,  Jewell  Michels,  cot  ks  ;  C.  Heveiulehi,  waiter  : 
Mo'-i>  Haptist,  pantryman  ;  Indian  Jim,  messt)oy  ;  Indian  Jack  and  Jim,  coal  passers.  As  time  passed  on  and  no 
tidiiif;s  were  received,  those  having  friends  in  peril  appealed  to  the  (Government  to  send  a  steamer  to  .search 
for  llie  absent  vessel.  The  knowledge  of  the  treatment  which  shipwrecked  crews  had  received  in  the  past  made 
it  quite  probable  that,  if  the  steamer  had  been  wrecked,  the  survivors  might  sufTer  indignities,  or  even  death,  at 
the  IkukIs  of  the  murderous  savages  on  the  North  coast.  The  United  States  Government,  with  the  exasperating 
.slowness  which  on  more  than  one  similar  occasion  has  cost  human  life,  failed  to  furnish  the  assistance  desired 
until  weeks  after  the  steamer  had  been  reported  missing,  although  British  officials  at  Victori.'.  dispatched 
Her  Majesty's  ship  Pi. 're!  in  search  long  before  an  American  ves;  el  was  ready  for  the  service.  The  owners  of  the 
Wrii^Jit  .sent  the  steamer  diisstr  Tii/hir  to  the  rescue,  but  .so  much  time  had  elapsed  that  but  few  traces  could  be 
found  of  either  the  vessel  or  those  on  board.  Some  pieces  of  wreckage  came  ashore  near  Cape  Caution,  indicating 
that  the  steamer  had  been  lost  in  ihat  vicinity.  The  supposition  has  always  been  that  she  struck  an  unmarked 
rock  near  that  point  about  January  27th,  and  that,  if  any  of  the  passengers  or  crew  reached  shore,  they  were 
butcliered  by  the  natives.  Several  months  after  the  disaster  a  portion  of  a  human  body  clothed  in  a  soldier's 
uuiform  was  found  on  the  beach,  and  the  remains  of  an  eight-year-old  boy,  with  a  life  preserver  attached, 
supposed  to  be  t)"at  of  young  Hogan,  were  also  found.  I.oth  were 
fully  clothed,  ii.d-cating  that  the  accident  nuist  have  '.lappened 
eillior  in  the  daytime  or  in  the  evening  before  the  hour  for  retiring. 
Another  theory  advanced  in  explanation  of  the  mystery  is  that  the 
boiler  exploded,  destroying  the  ves.sel  and  killing  all  on  board. 
The  finding  of  the  boy's  body  would  appear  to  refute  this  supposi- 
tion, as  in  case  of  an  explosion  there  would  have  been  no  time  to 
secure  a  life  preserver.  About  five  years  after  the  disappearance  f 
tlie  U'riglil,  an  Indian  called  Hilly  Coma  was  arrested  in  Victoria, 
aiui  while  in  jail  made  a  confession  in  which  he  stated  that  he  had 
been  a  coal-passer  on  the  Writ;  hi  when  she  was  lost,  and  Miat  all  of 
the  crew,  with  the  exception  of  himself  and  another  Indian,  had 
been  killed  by  the  natives.  The  story  was  investigated,  and  while 
it  was  a.scertained  that  Coma  had  never  been  a  coalpa.s.ser  on  the 
stcaiiKT  and  \vas\ery  much  of  a  stranger  to  the  truth,  yet  he  Iiad 
been  living  with  a  trilte  near  the  scene  at  the  time  of  the  wreck,  and 
his  familiarity  with  many  of  the  details  was  such  as  to  warrant  the 
belief  that  he  might  have  imparted  information  which  would  have 
thrown  light  on  the  mystery.  Numbers  of  stories  of  a  similar 
nature  CMsionally  found  their  way  to  the  public  ear,  but,  despite 
the  weari.some  .search  of  the  friends  of  the  lost,  no  tidings  bearing 
the  stamp  of  authenticity  have  ever  l)een  received. 

The  completion  of  the  locks  at  Oregon  City  was  the  most 
important  event  of  i^-},.  The  work  was  practically  finished  in  1.S7.  but  the  .)/<ui<i  H'i/k-his.  tlie  tlist  steamer  to 
pass  tlirough  the  locks,  did  not  make  this  inipoitaiit  trip  until  January  i,  iS;,^.  On  board  the  Wi/kiiis  as 
passengers  were  Jacob  Kainiii,  Capt.  Joseph  Kellofg.  Capt.  Charles  Holnian.  Capt.  Charles  Kellogg,  John 
Miir>liall,  Col.  Joe  Teal,  H.  OoUlsinith,  Governor  Grover,  Major  W'assermaii,  Henry  Failing,  Joliu  Wliitaker, 
Ci  )rge  A.  Helm,  Col.  H.  H.  Taylor,  H.  \V.  Scott.  I.loyd  Brooks.  J.  II.  Haden,  Jimes  I.aidlaw,  George  T.  Meyers, 
.S.  H.  I'arrish.  The  officers  of  the  Willamette  River  'I'ransportation  Company  were  :  B.  Goldsmith,  prsident  : 
Joseph  Kellogg,  Jacob  Kamm,  George  Marshall,  Klijal:  Corbett,  Lloyd  Brooks,  directors;  Frank  Dodge,  agent  at 
Oregon  City.  Operations  were  commenced  with  the  (ii':irii,ii  (hvxii.  which  was  launched  at  Portland,  January 
2,S,  iS;^.  and  made  her  trial  trip  March  l6tli  with  the  folUjwing  crew  :  Charles  Ilolman,  cajitaiii  :  George  Marshall, 
chief  engineer  ;  and  A.  Vickers  and  Charles  Kellogg,  jiilots.  Two  days  later  she  went  up  the  Willamette  to 
H;urisl)uig,  having  been  i!"j  first  large  steamer  to  reach  a  point  so  far  inland.  Cajitain  Ilolman  was  succeeded 
in  loniinaud  in  i,S74  by  Capt.  James  Wilson,  who  remained  with  her  for  several  >  ears.     Charles  H.  Jennings    and 


¥ 


I  'm\ 


:.:■;•] 


5.1 


Charles  II.  Jennings  was  horn  in  Oregon  City  in  iS.si.anil  began  steaiiilioalin.i;  on  the  CoUiiiiliia  Kivir  in  is;.".  His  llrsl 
scrvire  was  on  llie  />i\ir  7'/iiii)ifisoii.  and  lie  went  frotn  lier  to  the  /invc  .lAAViK.  wheie  he  was  lirst  assisl.int  a',  tlie  lime  ol  her 
colli~iini  with  the  U'ilhviieil,'  Chiii.  lie  was  aUerwanl  on  the  sUMineis  U't'lroiiie,  )'iit/iii,i,  .llm,il,t.  lutiuiii-.,).  Il'rn,i/,  A'luii,. 
I'li'i  'iizii,  L'htiiii/'iiin.  .Illiiiiii.  liitilh.  (hiiili'il  and  (i.i-.riiiiu  (,'iii^,-i  on  the  Cohiinhia  and  Vi'illanieUe  rivers,  and  on  the  h'rasei 
and  ill  Mritish  Cohiinhia  waters  on  the  /-.'/icifirf/i  /ivnig,  of  wliieli  he  w.is  eliiel"  engineer  when  slie  hnrned  near  I'orl  Hope. 
A'.  /',  Rithi-t.  /\\ii.inti\  Pt'i'tlrss  on  llie  'riiotn;i.>,oii  KiverK  H'l-^tnii  S/t>f^i\  J/yitt  and  /\*iihv.  Jennings  is  erediu-d  with  h.uiit^ 
siu'tf.^riilly  hroiiHlil  the  A'.  /'.  killwl  from  I'ort  Vale  to  Vielori.i  with  one  eiinine  dining  hinli  water  aim  ri>Mi.;h  we.illier.  ( in  tin 
Soiu'd  he  served  as  engineer  on  the  i<ii~<'//r,  11^.  /''.  Muttio--  ami  Skxit^it,  and  since  retnrninj^  to  the  Colninliia  liiis  li.nl  (di.ir^i-  oT  tlu 
eni;iiK' room  on  the  llailry  <,'ii/:ii/,  I'/it/iiir,  /.iirlini',  .liiiiir  Sl,u\iit.  Salt  in  and  ()<  i/ii//iiiii:i,  and  has  worked  for  a  sliori  lime  op 
llii'   !  nisfer  hoal  '/'aioiiiii.     W.  present  he  is  engineer  cit  llie  rortland  Cable  Uailway  power  house. 


Bll-'f 


I.      li 


206 


Lewis  <J  Drydeii'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwe:  t 


W.  H.  Marshall '  were  among  the  best  known  of  her  early  engineers.     From  the  Willamette  River  Transporlat'on 

Company  the  Goirnwr  (inner  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Willamette  Transportation  &  Locks  Company,  ami 

subsequently  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  in  whose  service  she  ended  her  days,  having  perfdimed 

good  .service  on  every  route  out  of  Portland.  The  (ioirnwr  Cirovci  was  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  twenty- 
eight  feet  six  inches  beam,  five  feet  six  inches  hold.     The  company  next  purchased  the  steamer  Vancouzrr.  but 

afterward   sold   her   to  Gray  &  Tonner,  who  ran  her  in  the  trndc  for 

-r^r   •'-  ---— ^  which  she  was  designed.     Their  third  steamer  was  the  famous  Slivshom, 

purcha.sed  from  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  ten  days  after 
her  tiip  over  the  Cascades.  Their  fourth  steamer,  although  the  second 
constructed  by  them,  was  launched  at  Portland,  August  21st.  She  was 
christened  the  Beaver,  a  id  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  long, 
twenty-five  feet  beam,  five  feet  hold,  with  engines  fourteen  by  forty- 
eight  inches.  She  was  well  put  together,  but  rather  slow.  In  cominand 
of  Capt.  Fred  Wilson  she  was  started  on  the  Astoria  route  and  ran  tlicre 
until  June,  1876,  when  she  was  sold  to  I'riah  Nelson  for  the  Stickeen 
River.  She  reached  Victoria,  June  7th,  in  charge  of  Capt.  George  I). 
Messegee  and  Capt.  J.  D.  Tackabtrry,  the  latter  remaining  in  command 
until  1878,  when  Capt.  Nat  H.  Lane,  Jr.,'  took  charge.  Sl'j  was 
wrecked  on  a  rock  in  the  Stickeen  River  at  7:00  A.  m,.  May  17th,  a;id 
with  the  exception  of  the  machinery,  which  was  saved,  became  a  total 
loss.  While  running  on  the  Columbia  she  was  in  a  serious  eol  ,•  on 
with  the  limma  Hayward  The  steamers  mentioned  comprised  the  i.'i.,:i 
operated  by  the  Willamette  River  Transportation  Company  during  the 
first  year  of  their  exi.stence.  although  tlry  purcha:  A  the  steamer 
Carrie,  which  Capt.  James  W.  Troup  had  been  running  on  the  \'ancou- 
ver  route,  in  November,  selling  her  a  few  days  later  to  Captain  White. 
The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  which  had  .sent  several 

of  their  steamers  to  the  lower  Columbia,  reinforced  their  middle  river 

fleet  this  year  with  the  finest  steamer  which  had  yet  appeared  in  that 

region.     She  was  launched  at  The  Dalles,  April    23,   1873,  and  was 

christened  Daisy  Aiiisziortli  in  honor  of  Captain  Ainsworth's  youngest 

daughter.     Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  two  hundred  and  four  feet ; 

beam,  twenty-eight  feet ;  depth,  seven  feet  eight  inches  ;  with  engines 

twenty  by  eighty-four  inches,  and  a  wheel  twenty-one  feet  in  diameter. 

She  was  built  by  J.  J.  Holland,  and  was  fast  and  commodious.     With 

the  exception  of  her  last  trip,  which  brought  her  to  an  untimely  end 

less   than   four  years  after  she  was    completed,  she  was  in   charge 

of  Capt.   John    McXulty.      During  the  winter  months,   as   business 

decrea.sed,  the  Daisy  Aiiisaort/i  was  laid  up  and  1  >.r  place  taken  by 

the  Idaho.     In   November,    1876.  a   shipment  of  two  hundred  cattle, 

which  the  Idalio  was  too  small  to  handle,  came  down  from  the  upper 

river.     The   l^aisy  .liiisworlh   was   accordingly   ordered   out,  and,  in 

command  of  the  Idaho  s  mate.  Martin  Spelling,  left  The  Dalles  shortly 

after  midnight.  November  s'-d.      It  was  very  dark  and  stormy,  and,  as 

the  steamer  neared   the  Cascade   landing,  .Spelling  sighted   what  he 

thought  to  be  the  light  on  the  wharf  and  steered  for  it.     When  he 

reached  a  point  which  he  deemed  near  etiough  to  .sound  the  whistle. 

he  opened  the  window  and  was  horrified   to  see  the  wharf  li,ghl  on 

the  starlioard  quarter.     He  put  his  wheel  over  instantly,  but   it  was 

too  late  to  save  the  steamer.     .She  struck  on  a  rock  and  parted  ami(l.';hii)s.  hut  no  lives  were  lost  by  the  aisrt-fr. 


ClIAHt.KS    H.   JKNN1N(;S 


v»-', 


C.\rr.  Nat  U,  I.ani  .  JK. 


'W.  H.  Mni'sliall  was  Imni  in  Oregon  City  in  1.S53,  ami  ooirniLMicvil  sleiinil'oatinn  on  llie  sieamtT  .SV«i(/<)j  as  lireman  ill  1  :.| 
He  was  next  on  \\\k  Goivinor  (iiofer  us  secoml  engineer,  sniiseiiueiilly  liolilinj;  a  similar  (lositioii  mi  the  Willaiiietle  Chiet.  His 
tirst  work  as  iliief  was  on  the  (ioviinoi  (,'iv;'e>,  and  later  he  served  on  the  lloiinii:,i  and  the  C/iamf<it»i.  Ilurinn  lin'  past  lir.cii 
years  he  has  Imndled  the  throttle  o\\  nearlv  all  of  the  Oregon  Railway  S:  N.iviKation  river  lio.ils.  and  was  with  Capt.  I'raiik  Tuner 
for  several  years  on  I )rdway's  steamers  When  the  .\ii  /('iihi/i;  was  Imill  he  snperintended  fitting;  up  and  plaeinn  her  inachiii' ry. 
Ills  most  recent  service  has  hecii  on  the  steamer  T.  J.  iKittcr.  Marsh.ill  lias  always  heen  succesisful  ill  his  profession,  and  was  '  r  a 
loiij;  time  President  of  the  Marin  •  liiiKineers'  .Association,  No.  41. 

'Capt.  Ni.t  H.  I.aiic.  Jr.,  was  horn  in  Oregon  in  1S64,  and  was  schooled  in  the  profession  at  a  very  early  .i^e  liy  his  1  .  or, 
one  of  the  best  kiu)wii  of  Orejvui's  early  steamhoatmen.  C.aptain  Lane's  first  acti\e  service  was  on  the  steamer  ."t't'^'-'r'-rfi .  hii  ■  at 
Coos  Hay  in  iS;;  Iiy  ilie  Coos  Ilay  Steam  Navifjation  Company,  his  fathe-  beiii  ;  one  of  the  leailii  •;  spirits  ol  the  nrn.i.ii  a'ion.  'er 
relnrniiiK  from  Coos  Hay  he  ran  for  some  lime  o>.  the  Willamette  River,  and  hen  went  to  the  Suekeeii  :\;:r^  lie  u<n  lli  'c  ler 
(•iiliudr,  enjoying  many  interesljtin  experiences  on  that  stream,  which  at  that  time  was  comparatively  nnki  n-.i ..  lie  '•" 
commanded  the  Cassiar  in  Hritisli  Columbia  waters,  ami  after  returning;  10  Oregon  had  charge  of  the  OicidenI  on  la,  V.  idan.  le. 
Captain  l.aue  retired  from  the  river  several  years  ago  and  resides  in  I'.ast  Portland. 


Wilhmette  River  Locks  Comph-ied.  Charter  Rates  of  the  Lumber  Fleet 


207 


c^ 


althoii.;h  a  large  portion  of  the  cattle  on  board  were  tlrowned.  All  of  the  machinery  and  equipment  were 
reiun\nl,  and  the  hull  remained  on  the  rock  until  the  following  spring,  when  it  floated  off  and  went  over  the 
Casca '.s.  March  15,  1877,  being  subseciuently  picked  up  at  Multnomah  Falls  by  the  Oiiroiila  and  towed  to 
Vancn'.iver,  The  Aiiiiic  Sli-c^'arl.  which  had  been  brought  from  San  Francisco  a  few  years  before  by  J.  N. 
Gilin:i!i  and  Elijah  Corbett,  was  sold  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  in  June,  refitted  and  put  in 
the  Astoria  trade,  to  alternate  with  the  Dixie  'nnuiipson  in  a  daily  service.  The  company  were  operating  the 
Oiiivii'ii  to  the  Cascades,  and  the  Faiii/if  Troufi  and  Rimitc  on  the  Monticello  route.  Their  first  Astoria  steamer, 
the  /'/'"  H-  Condi,  was  broken  up  early  in  January.  The  N'ancouver  Steamboat  Company,  which  built  the 
raiin'ii'fr,  dissolved  May  jotb.  lisposing  of  their  steamer  to  the  Willamette  River  Transportation  Company,  and 
a  few  day  later  the  steamer  A/aria  U'i/ii/is,  and  Oinif.  Capt.  J.  W.  Troup,  started  on  the  route.  The  steamer 
Hiiiriiihi  was  sold  by  the  sheriff  at  Oswego  to  W.  J.  Neilson  '  for  $250.  Soon  after  she  left  the  river  the  Tualitin 
River  Xavigation  &  Transportation  Company  was  formed,  with  the  following  directors  ;  Joseph  Kellogg,  George 
I,.  Curry,  A.  F.  Hedges,  Orrin  Kellogg''  and  B.  Killen.  The  Oregon  Sleani.ship  Company  were  running  the 
.steaniots  A'.  A^  Coo/c  and  Sriialor  between  Portland  and  Oregon  City,  connecting  there  with  the  /'aiii,y  Palloii, 
Payloii,  Shoo  Fly  and  .  \litc  on  the  upp:'r  Willamette,  affording  their  new  antagonist  (piite  a  spirited  opposition. 
The  two  last-mentioned  steamers  were  almost  destroyed  by  fire  at  Oregon  City  in  May. 

The  steam  tug  Fearless,  which  Capt.  Robert  J.  Law.son"  had  been  operating  at  Coos  Bay,  was  towing  for 
a  short  time  on  the  Columbia 
bar  in  the  fall  of  1S73,  in  com- 
mand of  Capt.  James  Hill." 
.\  small  steam  tug  named  the 
Scdalia  wa:'.  launched  at  Asto- 
ria in  November  by  the  .Sped- 
deii  Brothers.  She  was  used 
principally  in  towing,  but  was 
totally  destroyed  by  fire  near 
Kalaina,  July  i,  1874,  while  (v/ 
route  to  Portland  in  command 
of  Ca])t.  Charles  Parker,  less 
than  six  months  after  making 
her  initial  trip.  She  was  val- 
ued at  S'o.ooo.  Other  steam- 
ers employed  in  towing  on 
the  river  were  the  \Vitsf>,  lien 
lloUaday,  Merrimae,  Varniia, 
Coiinihhlur  Perry,  Mario  U'il- 
iiiK.  Mary  Fell.  Josie  MeXear 
mA  .U>  line  hall  a,  the  last  four  confining  their  operations  to  light  work,  while  the  others  confidently  made  fast  to 
he  la'.;t^t  ships  which  entered  the  river.  The  steamer  .Slnil>riel\  now  engaged  in  the  lighthouse  service  in  the 
'■'''  A.  .t,  was  in  command  of  Capt.  G.  N.  Jessen  in  1.S7,;,  with  Captain  Giddins,  first  ofiicer,  W.  Nightingale, 
I'l  (I  -  .igi    !er,  Walter  1).  Scott.'  .second  engineer.      Cajit.   Nat  H.   I.ane,  Sr.,  and  W.   H.   Troup,  t"o  pioneer 

'lltaiii  J.  Neilson,  engineer,  was  Ixirn  in  I'ennsylvania  in  1S2.1.  anil  h.ts  lict*n  i-oiiiiii-li-il  willi  llu'  inarint'  hnsiness  since 
boylioo..  ."  ;"irst  work  on  the  Colunibi.i  River  was  in  1S7V  when  lie  pnrcliaseil  an  interest  in  tlie  steamer  lleiirii Hit  and  ran  witli 
her  as  engineer.  He  was  afterw.inl  enj;a^e(l  on  a  nnmber  of  t(twl)o.ats.  and  was  engineer  iif  the  l\ii<flei  wlien  she  was  destroyed  Ii\- 
fire  in  r.s.S9,  perisliin;;  in  the  tlaiiies.     His  son.  Capt.  John  Iv  Neilson,  is  (piite  well  known  annnii,'  tjolniidiia  River  sleanilio.itinen. 

'\.'apt.  Orriii  Kell(»^>;  was  !)orn  in  Wood  County.  t)hio,  in  .S45.  He  be^an  steainhoatin^  on  the  Tualitin  River  as  engineer 
on  the  steamer  Ou:raiil,  i\w\  was  afterward  t-.-iptaiii.  He  a''andiined  the  river  for  a  brief  perioil  and  eng<aj.ied  in  merehandisiii^  at 
Ililis'^nni.  but  in  the  spring  of  1S74  retnrned  to  Portland  and  resumed  his  profession,  which  he  has  since  followed,  spending  nearlv 
all  the  linie  on  ihe  Cowlitz  rente,  which  has  been  bnilt  np  and  dcvelopeil  almost  solely  by  the  Kello^ns 

Cajit.  Robert  J.  I.awscin  is  a  native  of  Denmark,  ani  when  a  boy  was  if  the  merchant  marine  between  Mnropean  and 
Oriental  ports.  He  came  to  the  I'acilic  Coast  in  i.S^g  as  a  sailor  <jii  the  bri.y  A't'v/i//.  snbse<piently  joining;  the  brij;  I'.fieniy  rnnniii}^ 
t"  Coo..  Day,  and  was  afterward  on  the  barkentine  '''w/Ad  to  the  Colnmbi;i  River.  He  then  entered  the  service  of  Capt. 
A.  M.  Siuiiison  on  the  old  tut;  F<'tir/t's<  on  Coos  Bay,  reinainin^  on  her  ei^ht  years,  w.is  afterward  master  of  the  .Wet n'/u,i{-,  and  since 
llieu  li.ts  coiimnitided  all  of  Simpson's  tn^s,  holding  a  license  on  every  b.tr  from  San  l-raiicisco  to  Tnget  Sound.  He  served  for 
eleven  \ci.rs  altogether  on  the  Coos  Hay  bar,  four  years  oil  the  rm])<pi.'i,  ei.yht  years  on  Slio:dwater  Hay  and  ('.rax's  Harbor,  and  ran 
tile  til  ^■•.  k\ini^,i  and  Pi  inter  on  Humboldt  bai-  for  .about  a  year.  Captain  I.awson  has  been  in  Simpson's  employ  for  tliirt\-lwo  years, 
f.  .1  at  the  present  time  is  in  charge  of  his  marine  interests  in  San  I'raiicisco. 

'Capt  James  Hill  was  born  in  England  in  1S41  and  commenceil  his  marine  service  in  the  Mn.glisli  Navy  at  the  age  of  fourteen. 
'e  ca'  e  0.  ;!ij  Pacific  Coast  in  the  sixties,  .,nd  entered  tlie  eniplov  of  .\.  M.  Simpson  at  Coos  Day  aiioiit  iS;.!.  cominanding  clilferent 
iiil>l  o  sru  iliebar  for  nineteen  years.  He  wa*  master  oft  he  liig.V'.'  '/'//,  i///.m,  ;ind  iniraciilously  escaped  de.ilh  when  her  boiler  exploded 
nidi  s.nh  fearful  results.  He  also  handled  both  the  old  .md  new  tugs  l-'iiii/e<s,  making  a  giiod  reconl  for  himself  as  a  tugboalman. 
liul  I'l-i  his  life  in  1SS9  when  the  l-ettr/e^^  went  to  jiieccs  on  rinpi|iia  bar,  November  21st.  .-\s  there  were  no  survivors,  the  exact 
parlii  111  irs  of  the  disaster  will  never  be  knonii,  but  as  Captain  Hill  was  a  navigator  of  uinpieslioued  ability  it  is  thought  the  tng  must 
have  s-rimg  a  leak,  or  snslaineil  some  other  injury,  which  forced  him  to  take  the  chances  of  getting  in  safely  against  an  ebb  tiile.  .1 


SlK.XMKK    "D.AISX     .AINSWOKIU' 


peril 
iiut  w 


I'ltiif 
assist. 
years 


undertaking  even  with  a  stanch,  new  vessel.  Captain  Hill  was  noted  for  his  fearU .,.-,;;ess  and  skill  in  handling  tugboats 
never  accused  of  being  foolhardy.     His  untimely  end  was  sincerely  regretted  bv  a  wi.le  circle  of  friends. 

'Walter  I).  Scott,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in  i^.).').  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  a  passe  iger  on  the  steamship 
He  learned  his  trinle  .it  W.  II.  Moore's  foundrv  and  aftfw..;  '.  enlisted  in  the  navy  as  machinist  and  engineer.     He  was  first 

I  on  tile  steamer  Shiihritk  from  1S71  to  iHHo  and  was  also  on  the  'h itliUnme,  but  retired  from  the  coasting  service  several 

^0,  and  since  has  been  a  chief  engineer  in  the  ferry  service  at  San  I'rancisco. 


Nil 


f-    !l. 


1    U 


i'  ■; 


Pfi 


'I] 


Mi 


i    ? 


i 


208 


Lewis  ^  Dryrlen's  Marina  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


steamboatmen  from  the  Willamette  and  Columbia,  went  to  Marshfield  in  1873,  and,  after  organizing  the  Coos 
Bay  and  Coquille  Transportation  Company,  built  the  steamer  A/tssr/ij^'f,  a  fine  sternwheeler,  niuetv one  feet 
long,  twenty  feet  beam,  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  twelve  by  thirty-six  inches.  The  Mcssfiif(fr  was  a  good 
carrier  and   could  easily    make  twelve   miles  an   hour.      Captain  I,ane  was    succeeded  in  command  by   Capt. 

A.  D.  Hoone  and  Capt.  J.  Ivrnst,  with  Robert  R.  Kilgore,'"  enjjineer, 
The   steamer  enjoyed   a   good   trade  out  of  Empire  City,  but  a  few- 
years   after   her   completion  was   destroyed   by    fire.      The   SakUitc, 
■  constructed   in    1.S72.   w.xs    making   daily  trips   from  Empire  City  to 

Isthmus  .Slough,  and  twice  a  week  going  up  Coos  River  a  distance 
of  eighteen  miles,  John  C.  Ellsworth"  acting  as  engineer.  The 
steamship  Has/port,  Capt.  Cieorge  Paton,  furnished  good  passenger 
service  between  Empire  City  and  ,San  Francisco.  But  one  steamer 
was  launched  on  Pugct  Sound  in  1873,  the  Empire,  which  for  over 
twenty  years  has  been  a  well  known  coaster,  and  even  slie  was  not 
destined  for  local  business.  She  is  at  pre.sent  engaged  in  the  N'anairao 
coal  trade.  The  I'.mpirc  was  launched  at  Meiggs'  yard  at  Port  Madi- 
.son  in  October,  and  was  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  long,  thirty-two  feet 
b'am,  twenty  feet  hold,  net  tonnage  732.  The  steamer  Zephyr  was 
ured  this  year  by  the  Merchants'  Transportation  Company,  formed 
Olympia.  Wash.,  March  22,  1873,  with  a  capitalization  of  $100,000, 
divided  into  one  thousand  shares,  held  by  the  following  trustees; 
James  S.  Law.sou,  R.  G.  O'Hrien.  S.  W.  Percival  and  B.  B.  Tuttle  of 
Olympia.  J.  R.  Robbins,  T.  A.  Wright  and  T.  S.  Russell  of  Seattle. 
C.  H.  Rothchild  of  Port  Townsend,  and  John  Lathan  of  Steilacoom. 
The  new  organization  rai.sed  a  slight  disturbance  on  the  Olympia  end 
„  .        of  Starr's  mail  line,  but  the  opposition  never  amounted  to  much. 

An  interesting  curio  in  the  steamboat  line  appeared  in  British 
Columbia   waters    in    1873.     The   craft   was   built   and   run   on   the 
cooperative  plan.     One  of  her  owners  possessed  a  s<iuare-bnilt  scow  and  the  other  a  threshing-machine  engine. 
Consolidating  their  interests,  they  placed  the  engine  on  the  scow,  built  a  pair  of  sidewheels  connected  by  chain 
gearing,  named  the  outfit   Uiiii  >i.  and  were  ready  for  business.     The  engine  was  not  provided   with  reversing 
gear,  con.sequently  the  steamer  only  ran  straight  ahead,  and  in  mak- 
ing a  landing  she  drifted  in  .slowly  like  a  Canadian  Pacific  Royal  Mail 
steamship,  and,  by  the  aid  of  a  line  and  a  pike  pole,  warped  in  to  the 
landing.     In  getting  away  from  the  dock,  the  pike  pole  and  a  long 
sweep  were  used  to  head  her  in  the  right  direction.     This  novel  craft 

changed  hands  tiuite  frequently,  finally  ending  her  days  in  the  service  JttbklH^  . 

of  the  Moodyville  Mill  Company,  who  operated  her  until  she  became 

.so  tender  that  it  was  customary  to  put   a  stout   chain   around    the  ^^^ 

engine  and  attach  a  line  and  buoy,  so  that  it  might  be   located    if  ^K^MOt  • 

it  should  happLii  to  drop  through  the  bottom  while  making  a  trip. 
Several  well  known   British   Columbia   captains   bad  charge  of  the 


CAI'T.    jAMIi8   UlI.L 


'"  Robert  K.  Kil.i;ore.  tMi^ineer.  was  horn  in  New  Orleans  in  i.S-j.s.  After 
the  elose  of  the  war  he  served  a  Ihrcf.'  years'  apprciuiceshij)  in  the  shops  at  New 
Orleans  and  then  vnr  on  the  river  l')eiween  Crescent  City  and  Slirevesporl. 
He  snt)se<inently  went  to  I'rovidenee,  R.  I.,  wliere  he  workeil  in  the  shops  and 
on  tn^l)oats  until  1K72,  when  he  came  to  the  Paeific  Coast.  He  was  lirst  employed 
as  assistant  engineer  on  the  old  steamship  /'c/iKiii  rnninnf^  to  Ilnmholdt  liay.  He 
left  her  and  went  to  Coos  Hay.  where  he  seenrerl  a  position  as  en>;ineer  <m  the 
tun  /•'(■i(//»'«.  rnnninn  with  her  for  seven  years,  uinler  Captains  lintler,  Hntehins 
and  Hill,  allernatinj;  oeeasionally  from  the  /'etir/t'ss  to  the  tn>^s  /iiinhmn  an<l 
A/iin'/<iiii/.  He  left  the  /•i'i(/7<'*v  ahont  two  weeks  liel'oreslie  was  lost.  He  jilaeed 
the  ntaehiner\-  in  the  steamer  ^'*'('.v  A'l/r,  anil,  after  making  the  trial  trip,  went  to 
the  Sitlilliie  ami  .1/es.iiiii;cr.  wliere  he  remaiiieil  for  three  years.  In  1SS2  he 
visited  the  Colnmhia  River,  overhanleil  the  machinery  on  the  it'ritt'riil  <nVfiJii 
for  the  llwaeo  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  wtu-ked  as  engineer  for  tifleen 
months,  leaving;  her  to  ^o  on  Simpson's  tnj;  llttiilt'i  on  Shoalwater  Hay  ami 
Gray's  Harbor,  serving  three  and  one-half  \ears  with  Capt.  I,.  l*reem;in.  On  his 
relnrn  to  San  I'rancisco  he  joined  the  steamer  I\>int  .  hi/ur  and  snhseijnently 

the  /\ir-(it/<-nii  and  jXtjyti  and  various  other  steamers  ami  tn)j[s,  the  last  ljeui>^  the  Cait.  (iiu>Ht;K  oki.n 

steamer  /\'tsoliili\  with  which  he  is  still  ronnecteil. 

'■  John  C.  I'^llsworth  was  born  in  New  jersey  in  1S61,  be^an  running  ont  of  .New  York  City  in  i,S(i9  as  purser  on  a  S.r. 
steainshij)  and  also  served  for  a  short  time  on  tlie  ICast  River.  He  arrivetl  on  the  I'acifie  Co.ast  in  1S71  and  joined  the  ■ 
Sal/ilili-  Bt  Coos  Day.  remaining  with  her  four  years  as  deckhaml,  ])ilot  and  engineer.  He  was  fireman  and  eiifjiiieer 
steamer  Aft'.^srni^er  until  she  burned.  an<i  afterward  hehl  these  positions  on  the  steamers  Myi Ue  ami  /ierthit  for  one  and  tint 
respectively,  and  also  on  the  tn;;s  /•Voili-.ss  and  /isKU/  Xn.  1 .  He  went  lo  ,San  Francisco  with  the  latter  in  i,S,S2  and  since  I' 
been  emjjioyed  on  a  number  of  tnj^s  on  the  bay.  He  lilted  out  the  Polphin  and  was  master  ami  engineer  of  the  lujj  Annii  \ 
four  years.  He  has  also  served  as  chief  engineer  of  the  Fivlir,  A'li/,'  and  Tniii^il,  having  been  connected  with  the  last  im 
lug  diiritif^  the  past  four  and  one-half  years. 


iniiili 
.niier 
II  the 
vears 
a  lias 
civcr 
■cineil 


W: 


zing  tlie  Coos 
inety-one  feet 
•/■  was  a  good 
and  by  Capl. 
)re,"'  engineer, 
ity,  l)iit  a  few 
The  .S,i/W//fr. 
mpire  City  to 
i-er  a  distance 
igineer.  The 
3od  passenger 
t  one  steamer 
;hicli  for  over 
I  slie  was  not 
1  the  Nanaimo 
at  Port  Madi- 
thirty-two  feel 
:r  Zephyr  was 
iipaiiy,  formed 
n  of  Siiio,ooo. 
ving  trustees: 
1.  B.  Tiittle  of 
iell  of  Seattle. 
Df  Steilacooiii. 
;  Olynipia  end 
to  much, 
red  in  British 
1  run  on  the 
ichine  engine, 
cted  by  chain 
ith  reversing 


on  a  SiP 

ill  nail 

i-.l  the  ■ 

;imer 

Kint'iT 

11  the 

ml  tliri 

vcars 

since  \.\- 

11  has 

Annu'  ! 

over 

asl-uu 

Mineil 

Willamette  River  Locks  Completed,  Charter  Rates  of  the  Lumber  Fleet 


209 


i'liioii,  ;i:  long  theni  George  Marchant,  George  Odin,''  and  A.sbury  Insley.     Many  lives  had  been  lest  by  steamboat 
ex|)losii'ii>  in  Btilish  Columbia  waters  during  the  preceding  decade,  and  the  Government  at  last  decided  on  a 

stringen:  precaution,  passing  a  law  in  iS;,^,  taking  effect  in  1874,  which  allowed  steamers  to  carry  not  to  exceed 
one  luinlrcd  pounds  of  steam.     The  I'nited  States  revenue  cutter  W'vaitda,  well  known  in  the  Northwest   for 

many  years,  was  condemned  and  sold  in  San  Francisco  in  November 
for  $17,000,  her  place  being  filled  by  the  O/iicr  llWco//.  built  at  the 
Bay  City  at  an  expense  of  $,So,ooo.  The  W'olivl/  is  one  hundred  and 
thirty-seven  feet  long,  twenty-three  feet  beam,  and  ten  feet  hold,  with 
a  single  engine  thirty-four  by  thirty-four  inches.  She  has  been  in 
service  in  the  Northwest  almost  continuously  since  her  completion, 
and  in  iSs6  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  making  the  largest  opium 
seizure  ever  reported,  .securing  over  three  thousand  pounds  from  the 
Idalio.  She  was  for  many  years  in  charge  of  Captain  Hooper,  and 
M.  G.  Marsilliot"  was  connected  with  her  engineering  department 
for  a  long  time. 

The   ocean    traffic   between    Portland   and   Sound    ports    had 
dwindled  so  perceptibly  that  the  Oregon  Steamship  Company  with- 
drew their  steamers  Gussie  Telfair  and  California  and  put  them  in 
the  Alaska   trade,  where   they  were   also   operating    the  deor^e  S. 
JFrii;///.     The    (iiissie   Telfair  was   hauled   out   at    Laing's  yard    in 
\'ictoria,     -"^ired  at  an  expense  of  $10,000,  and  then  sent  to  Portland 
to   lay    up,      irst  Officer  V..  J.   Moody"  remaining  in  charge.     The 
Prince  Alficd  »vas  unmolested  on  the  Victoria  route,  and  Holladay 
had  everything  his  own  way   with  the 
A  jaw  Oriflamme  and  folm  /..  Sle/>liiiis, 
running  between  San  Francisco  and  Port- 
land.    In  1873  the  schooner-rigged  barge 
/ii/ia.  sailing  out  of  Portland,  performed 

a  feat  which  had  hitherto  been  considered  impossible.     She  left  Portland  in   June 

with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  and,  with  the  aid  of  lines  piid  sails,  ascended  the  Cascades 

■Hid  reached  Tlie  Dalles.     The  sailing  fleet,  which  in  the  past  few  years  had  suffered 

>C'riously  through  the  inroads  made  in  its  busine.ss  by  the  steamships,  appeared  to 

regain  some  of  its  lost  prestige  in  187,1.  when  C.  I).  Morrison  &  Co.  established  the 

Star  Line  of  fast  sailing  vessels  between  San  F'ranci.sco  and  Portland,  operating  the 

harks  Wilier 'won    and    .Superior,  schooners   //.   /-.    Tiernan,   Parallel.   Muriel  la    and 

OiCiXH  l\arl,  and  the  brig  L.  P.  Foster.     In  the  same  trade  were  the  barks  Rival. 

I'rcc  I'lade,  Osinyn.  .l/ari^inel  Croel-anI  r.nd  Ahnalia.  barkentines  .Melaiiellion,  Emma 

AufUiUi.   Webfool  and   droee  Roberls,  biigs   OrienI,   Perpelua  and   h'ooloa.  schooners  ^^^,^  j..   .  ji„o„^. 


M.  r,.  Maks 


•Cipl.  Ciioine  Oilin,  tlie  pioneer  anions  swift  water  naviKalors  of  British  CoUiiuliia,  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  18^7. 
McLaine  Wist  in  185.S  ami  saileil  the  scliooner  .Sea  Foam  oil  the  Soniiil.  lie  afterward  inovei!  to  Hritisli  Coliiiiiljia  and  has  since 
served  oil  .ill  the  navigable  waters  in  the  jiroviiiee.  In  1S75  he  took  ooiiiiimnd  of  the  steamer  ^/V/// on  the  Stiekeeii  River,  and 
niilarfor  two  seasons.  He  also  handled  the  steamers  (^eelriiJe  and  ilittlei  .llasiaii  on  thai  stream.  During  the  eonstrnclion 
ns'llie  Caii.iiliaii  I'acifio  Kailway.  he  was  in  charge  of  the  lin/nije  and  U'e.<leni  .Slope  on  the  I'raser  Uiver  and  was  snhsecinently  on 
till-  C.iiu.ii  and  (ileiiora  two  seasons  each,  lieiiiH  l""t  owner  of  the  latter  vessel.  In  1S.S7  he  took  the  Kelitvue.  then  on  the  lower 
Iraser,  ami  afterward  had  conimaml  of  the  (iloilvs  and  />elii:eaie.  In  September,  uS.So,  iie  was  sent  to  the  Skeena  River  to  make 
cxpIor,niniis  for  the  Hudson's  Day  Coni|iaiiy,  and  to  report  as  to  the  possibilities  of  iiaviication  on  that  stream,  .\fter  his  reUirn  he 
waseiiiiiloyt.d  by  llie  same  company  to  bnild  the  steamer  Caleiliniiii  to  be  used  on  the  .Skeena  River.  The  keel  w. is  laid  December  10, 
iN»i,  and  the  steamer  launched  in  t'ebriiary.  iSiji.  Iler  dimensions  were  :  leiiHth.  one  hundred  feet  :  beam,  twenty-four  feet ;  depth 
nf  oM,  five  feel.  Iler  cylinders  were  sixteen  by  seventy  two  inches.  The  initial  mil.  from  the  month  of  the  river  to  Port  I^ssington, 
.1  distance  of  one  hundred  and  e;;;lily  miles,  was  made  May  ist  with  a  heavy  cargo  of  freight.  The  river  had  been  prononncecl 
iimiavigable.  and  snch  a  trip  was  deemed  ;in  impossibility.  i*ort  I*;ssiiigton  is  f\illy  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  beytnid  the  ])oinl  of 
previous  iiavigalion.  Nine  ilays  were  consiinieil  in  reaching  her  ilestiiiatioii,  and  in  some  places  she  was  compelled  to  fairly 
^'iaee/.e  lici  w;iy  between  the  rocks.  Mr.  Ilatherly.  at  jiresent  engineer  on  the  Colnmbia  vS;  Kootenai  Navigation  Company  s 
steamers  on  the  upper  Colnniliia,  was  in  charge  of  the  engines  on  this  trip.  Capt.iiii  Odin  made  two  successful  voyages  before  high 
water  and  tlien  turned  the  steamer  over  to  his  son  I'raiik,  who  ran  her  during  the  rest  of  the  season.  Captain  ("lilin  has  1101  been  on 
tile  river  for  some  time  and  is  at  present  living  at  New  Westminster. 

'M  t».  Marsilliot.  engineer,  was  born  in  I'lnclid.  Ohio,  in  iS^v  and  >  '>:niiienceil  his  marine  career  on  the  tVreat  Lakes.  IMiring 
llie  Civil  \\  ,ir  lie  was  connected  with  the  navy  in  the  Mississippi  sipiadron,  ami  al  the  close  of  the  Rebellion  was  transferred  to  the 
revfinie  service.  He  w.is  with  the  A'iel/iird  A'/rv//  for  three  years  as  first  assistant  engineer,  ami  for  the  same  length  of  time  011  the 
iV.'.-'o-  //,>/,i,'//.  reluniing  from  her  to  the  A'mli  for  four  years.  lie  was  then  attached  to  the  /fiiillev  in  San  Franeiseo  harbor,  going 
from  her  ii>  the  TlwiittU  Coe:ein.  where  he  remained  a  year,  and  was  again  transferred  to  the  A^tfsli.  where  he  was  engaged  iiiilil  the 
lime  of  Ills  tU-ath.  which  occurred  at  I*ort  Townsend  early  in  1845. 

"Cipt.  1;.  I.  Moody  was  born  in  Thomaston,  Me.,  in  1S44.  and  came  to  rortland  about  1870.  .After  leaving  the  (.«.v.(;V 
/'//1//VI1C  secured  a  position  as  mate  on  one  of  the  upper  Willamette  steamers,  and  was  sciou  promoted  to  a  cajitaincy,  serving  on 
'lie/:'.  A'.  i'ooi\  ll'eleoiiie  and  other  si' aiiiers.  When  the  Oregon  Steam  .Navigation  Company  absorbed  the  Willamette  lines, 
Mooily  vva- transferred  to  the  lower  river  and  served  on  the  /'.imiia  IfoyuoiJ,  Dixie  '/'lioinpioa .  ami  several  other  well  known  boats, 
;wvni);  til,  ■cnnpany's  empl.iy  to  fill  the  position  of  branch  pilot  011  tile  Columbia  and  Willamelte  rivers.  When  the  I'liion  Pacific 
'ilil.iiiieil  I  iirol  of  the  pilotage  on  the  river,  he  made  a  few  trips  in  comniaml  of  the  U'ilinini;lon,  but,  after  nearly  l's'''ig  lui 
ill  a  lerriti'.  g:de,  resigned  and  acted  as  jiilot  for  her  on  the  river  between  .Astoria  and  Portland,  following  this  work  until  June, 
IN.I.  «lu'   lie  dieil  suddenlv  from  an  attack  of  heart  disease. 


i'l;- 


i''' 


I'' 


I'i'T  h 


5(1  ■  >'. 


.    I 


4,      ! 


.11! 

1        *■ 


2IO 


Lewis  cf  Drydun's  Marine  History  of  the  Paoific  Northwest 


OlYxiiiiid!/.  Gohima  and  Hcnu  The  latter  vessel,  previous  to  its  arrival  at  Portland,  enjoyed  a  worlduidc  fanu- 
through  having  as  mate  the  IJarl  of  Aberdeen,  for  whom  scores  of  detectives  were  searching  in  every  tdiiier  of 
ihe  globe.  He  was  drowned  from  the  Hera  soon  after  she  left  Australia  for  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  his  iciciititv 
was  not  known  to  his  companions  on  the  schooner  until  some  time  after  his  death. 

The  wheat- fields  of  Oregon  and  Washington  were  producing  crops  which  could  no  longer  be  haiiilled  hy 
the  few  vessels  which  in  former  years  had  comprised  the  grain  fleet.  Among  the  foreign -bound  vessels  sailing 
from  tlie  Columbia  River  in  1873  were  the /./(•«/(•«((«/ .V(f«;_r,  J'/flc/ieis,  ()/<i_i;o.  H'itidcnncir,  l-.dith,  Cily  of  Pari,, 
Spirit  of  /In-  /),i:,/i,  'fliercMi  licliii,  Romeo,  Lord  of  the  /s/es,  />iseo,  /•'ife.s/iire.  Smi/tt  Rosa,  /■:sk-dal,\  /■:/,; lr<i, 
J/o rill/Ill,  .  I //oo,  Daiid  Rro-.fii,  /'rofessor  Ariey,  Cupwa/cr,  lianacoola.  Cariboo.  Norlhumbria.  I'ieloria  Cross. 
(iemii/i,  7'iimak\i.  Ilermuia.  I'clix  .Mendelssohn.  Illiovic.  J'enani;.  Conadienne,  \\'liillini;lon.  .Soroli  .Scotl.  .U/i/,//esr\. 
Ros;.e/l  .Sproi^iie.  /^iiri/nn  and  Conjidenee.  The  bark  Clara  Louise,  purchased  by  Portland  parties,  who  renamed 
her  the  .^/allie  .Uaeleay.  was  operated  in  the  Sandwich  Island  trade  in  command  of  Captain  Forbes,  wlu)  was 
succeeded  on  the  barkentiney(j«<- .  /.  /■aH.rnbern  by  Capt.  J.  A.  Brown,  now  a  prominent  business  man  of  Portland. 
Brown  celebrated  his  first  trip  by  sailing  the  old  craft  from  Honolulu  to  Astoria  in  fourteen  days.  Thebarkentine 
Por/land  was  launched  at  Coos  Bay,  August  23d.  Captain  Gage  took  command  and  ran  her  in  the  coasting 
trade.  The  /'or/land  was  468  tons  net  register,  one  hundred  and  si.\ty-one  feet  long,  thirty-five  feet  beam,  and 
thirteen  feet  hold.  .She  is  still  operated  as  a  coaster  by  one  of  her  original  owners,  Capt.  A.  M.  Simi)soii  of  San 
Francisco.  The  schooner  fleet  running  to  Coos  Bay  in  1873  included  the  Leanlioe.  R'illie  Stevens,  Couamiia. 
Alaska.  Paeific.  Pelma,  Selina.  Fannie  .1.  Hyde,  Lirj~.ie  Derby,  fennie  Tlielin.  Glen  .-trni.  Good  Templar,  Liniui. 
.Irago,  Meldon,  F.lida,  Parallel,  B.  Jf.  Ramsdale.  Pig  River  and  Loleta.     Craney's  sliipyard  at  Utsahulv  tnrned 

out  the  fine  schooner  .yfodoi .  which 

j  I       is    still    sailing    up    and    down   the 

I  '  coast.     The  Modoe  is   one   hundred 

and  seventy-two  feet  long,  lliirty-si.x 
and  one-half  feet  beam,  with  twelve- 
feet  hold,  registering  429  tons.  She 
is  at  present  owned  by  A.  1,.  Piper  of 
San  Francisco.  The  schooner  t  lara 
Light,  built  at  Steilacooni  a  few- 
years  before,  was  sold  in  San  h'ran- 
'  cisco  for  i^S,5oo  and  put  in  tlic  Coos 
Bay  trade.  Capt.  H.  H.  I.loyd  sold 
I  the  schooner  Winnifred  and  pur- 
I  chased  a  half  interest  in  the  sclioonir 
I  General  Ifarney.  The  W i  11  nifrid 
\  took  the  place  of  the  pilot-boat 
Sabina,  operated  by  \'ictoria  pilots 
The  schooner  Lottie  was  chartered  by 
Capt.  Rufus  Calhoun,  Peter  Tlionip 
son  and  John  L.  Butler,  and  nsed  as 
a  pilot-boat.  The  old  bark  Glimpse,  which  had  remained  a  wreck  for  many  months  on  Clover  Point,  \ictoria, 
was  afterward  fitted  up  and  ran  for  thirteen  years  in  the  San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound  trade.  She  was  sold  in 
July,  1S73,  for  $12,000  and  wen*^  to  New  Zealand,  where  she  was  registered  under  the  Briti.sh  flag.  T!ie  bark 
fennie  Pitts,  Captain  Blinn,  completed  a  remarkable  record,  making  nine  consecutive  round  trips  from  October  25, 
1.S72,  to  November  15,  1873,  between  Puget  Sound  and  ,San  Francisco,  in  twenty-two,  thirty-one,  twenty-nine, 
forty-four,  twenty-eight,  twenty-seven,  thirty,  thirty-.seven  and  twenty  nine  days  respectively.  The  .sliip 
Wihhoood,  a  Puget  Sound  built  vessel,  also  made  a  notable  run  in  1873,  in  command  of  Captain  Frost,  sailing 
from  San  Francisco  to  Burrard's  Inlet  in  five  days,  thence  with  lumber  to  Melbourne  in  forty-nine  (la>s,  from 
there  in  three  days  to  Newcastle,  where  she  loaded  coal,  and  then  made  the  voyage  back  to  San  I'r.iiicisco, 
with  twenty-two  feet  draft,  in  fifty-seven  days.  While  charters  in  some  cases  were  considerably  higher  in  earlier 
years,  yet  the  record  of  the  Puget  .Sound  and  Burrard's  Inlet  lumber  fleet  for  1873  seems  large  indeed  compared 
with  the  low  rates  of  the  present  day.  This  fleet  and  the  prices  secured  were  as  follows:  To  Peruvian  ports: 
Rainier,  499  tons,  from  Port  Gamble,  $27.00;  Oeean  Lxpress.  1,495,  railroad  ties,  $31.00;  Lli-abeth  kimbull. 
994,  from  Port  Gamble,  $28.00  gold.  To  Callao  :  Sophia  /'.,  749  tons,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  $31.0.1:  IWllaii: 
1,188,  from  Puget  .Sound,  owner's  account;  Reine  dii  .Monde,  941,  Burrard's  Inlet  to  Callao,  $24.00  ;  .SV.  .hiloiiif. 
397,  from  Tacoma,  $25.00;  Dashing  ]Va~vc.  1,054,  ffo"'  Tacoma,  $20.00;  Clweola,  275,  from  Colund)ia  River 
$26.00  gold.  To  Iqnique  :  Andre,  286  tons,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  $25.00  gold  ;  Antioeh,  646,  from  Port  M.idison, 
$26.00  ;  Espeeiilador.  277,  from  Puget  Sound,  $28.00  ;  Marie  Charlotte,  369,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  $23  uo  ;  /;/ 
Dorado.  1,148.  from  Puget  .Sound,  $25.00.  To  .Shanghai:  FJ  Dorado.  1,148  tons,  from  Burrard's  Inle!  Sjo.oo 
Mexican  ;  I^eacon.  423,  from  Puget  Sound,  $28.00  Mexican  ;  Chieftain.  625,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  $30.00  ^l  xicaii: 
Windward,  782,  from  Columbia  River,  $30.00  Mexican  ;    Springfield,  1,047,  ^i^om  Port  Gamble,  $31.25  -M  \ican : 


Stk.amer  "  OHIO" 


iU 


i  t. 


Willamette  River  Locks  Completerl,  Chartur  Rat'^s  of  thu  Lumber  Flfft 


211 


lI'iMu  ■/,  1,1199,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  5,^i."o  Mexican  ;  Marmion,  ,S2.v  from  Krceport.  Ji2S.o()  Mexican;  hia  /•". 
TovliM.  021,  from  lUirrard's  Inlet,  jS2f).oo.  To  Melbouriif  :  ./.-((,  454  tons,  from  Hurrard's  Inlet,  S.V^'Oo  gold; 
lhtlm^,i'i!(\  1,257,  froiw  Burrard's  Inlet,  ,{,'6  ;  \\'<tsliiiif;loii  l.ibby.  i,i)4.S,  from  I'tsalady,  $2.s.()f);  Sampson,  -1^2, 
from  I'aget  Sound,  /"s  '  Monnnitk,  2,Si,  from  Puget  Sound,  /,'5  ;  Legal  'I'tiidrr,  2ni,  from  Burrard's  Inlet, /Vi  ; 
Edwai'i  fames,  529,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  owner's  account ;  A'alioii's  Hope.  -(ih,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  ,/,'5  7s.  6d  ; 
SoiHn  I'hayer,  206,  from  Puget  Sound,  ,{,'5  los  ;  .Iniie,  62,S.  from  Burrard's  Inlet.  jC.^  :  Columbia,  991,  from 
liiirranl's  Inlet,  /s  ><«•  To  other  Australian  ports:  ('.  L.  Taylor,  T,(n)  tons,  Burrard's  Inlet  to  New  Zealand, 
/Yi;  Amelia,  ;,97,  Burrard's  Inlet  to  Sydney,  /'s  ;  Montana,  651.  Burrard's  Inlet  to  Adelaide,  ,/,'5  los.  To  Hong- 
kong; lokatea,  938  tons,  from  Utsalady,  #30.00;  Ahleii  Hesse,  ,842,  from  Puget  Sound.  5iX.ooo  Mexican  (gro.ssj; 
lconii(m,bUn,  from  Puget  Sound,  S^o.fX)  Mexican;  Jane  Sands,  631,  from  Burrard's  Inlet,  owner's  account. 
To  Moliiido  and  Arica  :  Crusader,  635  tons,  railroad  ties,  from  Puget  Sound,  1^20.50  ;  Harrison,  327,  railroad  ties, 
from  I'liget  Sound,  520.00;  Das/iing  Wave.  1.054,  railroad  ties,  from  Puget  Sound.  52100  gold;  Oregon.  888, 
Seabcck  to  Arica,  $25.1x1  gold  ;  W'hillier.  1,295,  Burrard's  Inlet  to  Arica.  $25  50  gold.  To  other  ports  :  Niagara, 
1,3(10  tons,  .spars,  Port  Blakely  to  Cork  ;  Nnero  Honiihiuen,  450,  Port  I^udlow  to  Buenos  Ayres,  $32.00 ; 
Ihewslcr.  350,  Utsalady  to  Amoy,  $27,110  Mexican  :  Liinalilo,  449,  Port  Gamble  to  Shanghai,  $29.50  Mexican; 
.Ulnimbra,  [,097,  Utsalady  to  Shanghai,  $28.00  Mexican.  Twenty-four  of  these  cargoes  were  supplied  by 
llastin>;s'  Mill  at  Port  Moody,  and  included  13,356,478  feet  of  lumber  and  802.320  lath. 

Tilt  mysterious  disappearance  of  the  steamship  George  S.  Wright  was  the  only  marine  disa.ster  of  much 
importance  in  1873,  although  the  steamer  linterprisc  from  Gardiner 
for  Portland  was  wrecked  near  Umpqua  bar,  P'ebruary  20th,  and  the 
schooner  Hobotink  at  the  same  place  in  October.  The  schooner 
Mcldoii,  lum1)er-ladeii  from  Gardiner  for  San  Francisco,  was  also 
wrecked  on  the  bar  March  i6th.  The  bark  Ahnatia  was  dismasted 
in  a  Rale  in  November,  taken  to  X'ictoria  and  refitted  at  an  expense  of 
.several  tliou.sand  dollars.  She  then  loaded  lumber  at  Burrard's  Inlet 
for  Ausiralia.  On  her  way  out  she  ran  a.shore  on  the  island  at  the 
entrance  to  Plumper's  Pa.ss,  and  was  .so  badly  damaged  that  she  was 
.sold  at  auction  for  $1 ,300. 

The  death  roll  for  1873  included  :  Captain  Ella,  the  well  known 
Hudson's  Bay  captain,  who  was  drowned  at  Burrard's  Inlet,  February 
17th;   Capt.  John  V.  Witt  of  the  schooner  Winged  Raeer,  drowned 

.It  Seattle,  November  5th,  while  attempting   to   board   his  ve.s.sel  at  V'f-'TW'^^^^^^^f^^m^^      ^ 

niglit ;  and  Capt.  George  Thomas  of  the  schooner  . Alaska,  drowned 
while  en  route  from  San  FVanciseo  to  Rogue  River.  Capt.  .Mexander 
Dodge,  who  came  to  the  Columbia  in  1850,  and  in  early  days  was 
master  of  the  schooner  Matthew  Vassar,  died  in  Portland,  November 
:6th  ;  and  Capt.  S.  B.  Kinney,  well  known  among  the  pioneer  sailing 
masters  on  Puget  Sound,  passed  away  in  San  F'rancisco. 

An  innovation  in  Willamette  River  steamboating  was  witnessed 
in  1S74.  when  the  steamer  Ohio  made  her  appearance  at  Portland. 
She  was  built  by  Capt.  U.  B.  Scott,''  a  practical  steamboatman,  who 
h.id  recently  arrived  from  the  Ohio  River.  Captain  .Scott  was  not 
overbiinlcned  with  wealth,  and   endeavored   to   secure   employment   on   some  of  the  .steamers  of  the  People's 

Cipt.  r.  I!  .Scott  was  liorii  in  Dliio  in  1.S27,  luid  CDiiiineiiccd  steainho.itiiiR  in  1S59  on  tlie  Ohio  River.  He  l)uiU  tlio 
-iik'« lacl  slcanicr /.;7i',  following  licr  with  the  I'itloi  .\'o.  /,  a  sternwheelcr  one  liundreil  ami  ten  feet  lonj;.  I'ieli'r  \o.  _>,  one 
liiniilriil  anil  tliiriy  live  feet  loni;,  anil  /Vi/oj- .\'(>.  ,'.  one  hundred  and  thirty-live  feet  lony  lie  then  lion^lit  tlie  steamer  /  hi/Zhi' 
Irom  tin- 1  Government,  remodeled  her.  and  named  her  the  /  'icior  .V,).  /.  ,Slie  was  two  hundred  feet  linij;  by  tliirty-two  feet  beam.  He 
Mil)sei|tK'ntly  owne<l  the  steamers  A*.  //.  /itimhivn  and  tyhii/es  /niwert,  and  eonstrueted  the  Ifrn  (iavlorti.  which  he  ran  from 
I'orlsniinnh  to  I'arkersville.  .\fter  the  i'iitoi  .\\>.  /  he  launched  the  steamer  /.isihlu'ooii,  a  one  hundred  and  forty  fool  boat,  which 
'Irew  Imi  liKht  inches  of  water.  .She  ran  on  the  lower  Mississippi  and  Red  rivers.  Reluming  to  Cincinnati,  he  built  the  steamer 
l-liesiif<i\i(,\  a  very  fast  sidewheeler.  which  he  ran  for  two  years  and  then  solil,  afterward  eoinpletiuH  the  steamer  Fasliion,  with 
wliicli  lie  I  arried  the  mail  until  the  fall  of  i.S?,?.  when  he  disposed  of  her  ami  went  to  (Irenou.  His  first  venture  in  the  Northwest 
was  tile  steamer  Ohio,  a  craft  which  create,!  much  unfavorable  connnent  before  the  ability  of  her  designer  was  demonstrated. 
.\ssocialtd  with  Captain  .Scott  in  the  (Viitt  were  Samuel  lirowu  and  I,.  1!.  Seeley.  The  olid-looking  craft  was  a  success  from  the 
sl.irt.  ole.irinji  ten  thousand  dollars  during  the  first  three  months  after  ^^oinj;  into  service  ,'ind  furnishin,i;  her  owners  with  the  means 
tobuilil  ihc  Ci/v  oi  Satem.  Captain  .Scott  followeil  this  steamer  with  the  /-'/eelit'ood.  which  probably  cost  the  Oregon  Railway  .S: 
N:ivij;ali-,ii  Company  more  in  the  wav  of  loss  of  business  than  any  other  three  boats  which  were  ever  pitted  aj^ainst  tJiem.  She  was 
iulciulfil  lor  the  Cascade  route,  to  conuect  with  the  steamer  (^elil  l'>iist  for  The  Dalles,  but  the  Cold  Dust  was  sold,  and  he  ran  the 
/•'/(■*7r< '.'(>/ 10  .Astoria.  During  the  past  fifteen  years  this  steamer  and  her  successors  Inive  enjoyed  a  more  lucrative  traflic  than  any 
nf  the  iiilicr  steamers  on  the  lower  Columbia.  In  i.S.^'3  Captain  Scott  built  the  'J'ele/ilioiie,  a  boat  which  made  a  record  for  speed  on 
tile  .\stiiii:i  route  that  has  never  been  eiiualed,  covering  the  distance  between  Portland  and  .Astoria  in  four  hours  thirty-four  and 
one-hall  nunutes.  The  original  Tilephone  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  iiSS;,  and  from  her  ruins  arose  the  steamer  which  now  bears  that 
U'Uiie.  A  (cw  -ears  a^o  Captain  Scott  constructed  the  Fiver,  which,  in  the  year  iSi)4.  traveled  a  Kreater  number  of  miles  than  any 
other  riv.r  or  Sound  steamer  in  the  world.  She  was  rnnniuK  between  Seattle  and  Tacoma.  making  four  round  trips  a  day.  While 
Captain  ^M'ott  has  met  with  many  reverses  in  the  business,  he  has  always  had  the  re])Utation  of  hein^  a  hard  fi;.jliler  and  enjoys  the 
I'onruleiir,.  of  the  traveling  public.  The  steamers  in  whicli  he  is  interested  have  been  operated  durinjj  the  jiast  few  years  under  the 
tiiaiiagcita  lit  of  the  Columbia  River  it  ru){et  .Sound  Transportation  Company,  Captain  .Scott  beinj;  president  of  IJiat  corporaliou 
which  ow  iis  the  lioiley  C'alzerl  and  Telephone  on  the  Columbia,  and  the  Flyer  and  Fleel:oood  on  l'u(,'et  Sound. 


Cait.  I'.  H.  Scott 


i 


■i 


kft 


•« 


ilt' 


•I 


rm 


III  : 


I 


It 


212 


Lewis  «J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Transportation  Company  and  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company.  The  managers  of  these  companies 
were  inclined  to  lie  skeptical  in  regard  to  his  abilities,  and  wonld  not  employ  him.  I'ndisniayed  by  tlii.s  lack 
of  appreciation,  Scott  interested  two  or  three  Portlanders,  secnrcd  some  machinery  from  an  old  dredge,  ami 
proceeded  to  bnild  the  Ohio,  Wk  first  "light-draft"  steamer  in  the  Northwest.  The  steanilioatmen  who  liad 
underestimated  his  talent  watched  the  progress  of  the  steamer  and  i)ityingly  informed  his  financial  Kacktrs 
that  their  experience  wonld  not  be  costly,  as  they  would  not  lose  much  more  than  they  proposed  to  inn  im,, 
the  ves.sel,  as  she  was  going  to  be  a  cheap  affair.  The  steamer  made  her  initial  trip  December  12,  1H7.1,  jrojuj, 
up  the  river  light  as  far  as  Mugene  City  on  a  draft  of  eight  inches.  At  Kugene  she  loaded  seventy  tons  of 
wheat  and  returned  to  Portland,  where  on  arrival  the  man  who  had  surmounted  innumerable  difficulties  in 
securing  money  enough  to  build  his  new  steamer  found  that  he  could  then  command  unlimited  capital 
to  construct  any  kind  of  steamboat  he  desired.  The  Ohio  was  a  grand  success  and  fairly  coined  money  Ironi  the 
start,  as  no  other  boat  on  the  river  could  approach  within  forty  miles  of  the  ui>per  Willamette  points  wliidi  she 
could  easily  reach.  Captain  Scott  worked  economically,  and  many  features  of  construction  gave  the  Ohio  an  odd 
appearance.  Her  pitnians  were  made  of  gas  pipe,  and,  when  subjected  to  a  severe  strain,  .sometimes  bent,  making 
it  impossible  to  move  the  wheel,  and  a  number  of  collisions  with  docks  resulted.  She  had  a  "  wooden  wheel,  '  the 
segments  of  wood  being  intended  to  hold  it  firmly  in  lieu  of  iron  circles.  When  hard  pressed  the.se  sefjmcnts 
fre(iuently  dropped  out,  followed  by  other  portions  of  the  wheel,  stopping  the  steamer  and  causing  the  ul)ii|nitous 
Scott  to  sing  out  to  the  mate,  "  That  damn  wheel  has  broken  adrift  again  ;  lower  a  boat  and  catch  it  before  il 
gets  too  far  astern."  Captain  Scott  has  always  been  regarded  as  a  master  in  the  art  of  profanity,  and  it  is  staled 
that  this  proficiency  was  acquired  while  chafing  under  the  delays  cau.sed  by  the  gas-pipe  pitmans  and  wooden 
wheel  of  the  Ohio.  The  .steamer  was  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  and  three  feet  six 
inches  hold.  When  Captain  Scott  followed  her  with  the  City  of  Sa/cni,  Capt.  Sebastian  Miller  took  command,  and 
in  1877  Ivrnest  W.  Spencer "' was  in  charge.      Captains  vSherman  V.  Short,'"  John  C.  Gore,'"  George  Gore,"  and 


"Capt.  Ernest  W.  Spencer  was  born  in  Ohio  in  KS52,  ami  reeeived  his  lirst  lessons  in  steanihoaliiig  on  Ihe  Ohio  River,  wlicrc 
his  father  was  a  well  known  steamboat  master.  In  search  of  a  new  fielil  in  which  to  follow  his  profession,  Captain  Speaar 
came  to  tlie  Columbia  about  1.S75,  and  ran  on  the  steamer  Cily  n/'  Sn/cin.  Ilis  thoron).;li  steamboat  knowledge  enabled  liim  lo 
rise  rapidly  from  the  ranks,  and  from  the  Willamette  he  went  to  the  u])per  Cohnnbia,  rnnuing  there  and  on  .Snake  River  as  pilot 
with  Capt.  James  \V.  Troup,  afterward  taking  command  of  steamers  in  that  section.  lie  also  served  as  master  on  the  luidille 
CoUunbia  and  l-'raser  rivers  for  a  short  time.  On  relnrniug  from  the  I'V.'i.ser  he  built  the  steamer  (,'ii/i/  /hist  above  the  C'lsoadts, 
intending  to  ojjerate  her  in  connection  with  the  J'7t'e/a'00t/  on  the  lower  river.  Hefore  the  line  was  in  oper,'iti(»n,  however,  Sptacer 
received  a  good  subsidy  from  the  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navigation  Company  ami  laid  the  steamer  up.  lie  then  purchased  the  steamer 
Sa/i'i/i  and  ran  her  for  a  short  time  on  the  upper  Willamette,  always  lliuling  profitable  business,  which  secured  libfral  subsidies  for 
his  withdrawal  from  the  route.  Whenever  the  Oregon  Railway  iS:  Navigation  Company  failed  to  res]iond,  ,Si)eucer  either  capluretl 
all  the  tratTic  or  made  il  so  unprofitable  that  they  were  ready  to  come  to  his  lerms.  lie  put  the  Sali'fit  on  the  Astoria  nui.  towinji 
ships  iu  the  busie.st  part  of  the  grain  season,  and,  before  the  Oregon  Railway  ^:  Navigation  Company  announced  its  willingness  10 
give  him  ii  share  of  the  Willamette  trade,  they  had  lost  over  fifty  thousand  dollars  iu  towing  vessels  at  rates  dictated  by  Spencer. 
Soon  after  this  experience,  Capt.ain  Spencer  sold  the  Saliiii  to  Capt.  (leorge  W.  Taylor,  and  constructed  the  steamer  ( 'liitfl,  one  of 
the  finest  little  propellers  ever  lanuched  on  the  river.  Not  finding  a  suitable  route  011  the  Willamette  or  Columbia,  be  sent  her  to 
I'uget  Sound,  and  after  running  her  a  short  time  she  w.as  disposed  of  When  the  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navigation  Company  cut  olT 
the  subsidy  on  the  d'o/i/  Dust,  he  sold  her  lo  liortbwick  S:  Krain,  who  brought  her  to  the  lower  river.  Her  trip  over  the  i.'.iscailes 
was  the  roughest  ever  made  by  any  boat.  The  diminutive  craft  was  lossetl  about  so  rudely  that  the  stay-bolts  pulled  tbroii^li  tlit- 
sheets  of  the  firebox,  scalding  the  engineer,  Theodore  Polls,  so  that  he  died  shortly  afterward.  .After  leaving  the  river,  Captain 
Spencer  was  appointed  Chief  of  Police  of  the  city  of  Portland  and  made  an  enviable  record,  carrying  out  the  law  so  elfectuaiiy  tliat 
the  criminal  element  used  money  unsparingly  to  remove  him  from  oHice.  .Since  then  he  has  devoted  his  lime  to  looking  aiter  liis 
personal  interests. 

''Capt.  Sherman  V.  Short  was  born  in  Huttcvi'le,  Or.,  in  1N56.  and  engaged  in  steamboaling  011  the  steamer  (Ww  with 
Captain  Scott  in  i,S74.  He  served  as  a  deckhand  011  the  Funny  I'allon,  ( 'ilv  of  Solon,  W'illaiiiiilc  Cliic/  and  Oicidcnl  until  iS", 
and  was  male  of  the  Salem  for  about  two  years,  subsenuently  filling  a  similar  position  on  the  Cily  0/  Qnhicy  and  //  ilhiint'lli'  Clii:/. 
He  next  ran  as  pilot  on  the  Uiritli  nl,  S.  T.  Cliuirh  and  ilonaiizu,  leaving  the  latter  to  take  comniaud  of  the  . /.  . /.  MiUilh. 
which  he  handled  for  about  a  year  and  then  hail  charge  of  the  Otitnt,  on  which  he  remained  for  three  years  in  the  Corvallis  Irailc 
and  afterward  ran  the  Otxiiti'nl  on  the  same  route  for  a  year.  He  left  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company  al  this 
time,  and  piloted  on  the  Oregon  Pacific  steamer  Tlircf  Sialfis  for  a  few  iiKuiths,  snbse{|iiently  coninianiling  the  .\".  .S'.  /.',«//<  1  I'nr 
the  same  coinijany,  with  whom  he  served  as  master  oil  the  Uilliiiiit  M.  Jlooi^  and  7'lirii-  Si^lt-rs  until  SeiHeniber.  iSyi,  wtieii  he 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Dalles,  Portland  it  Astoria  Navigation  Company,  taking  charge  of  the  /lallis  Cily  belwecn  Porlliiid  ami 
the  Cascades.  He  left  this  service  in  1S94  and  again  went  lo  work  for  the  Oregon  Railway  X:  Navigation  Comiiany.  riiniiin,^  out  ol 
Portland  on  different  steamers.  Captain  Short  is  a  brother  of  Ca|il.  W.  P.  Short  and  of  the  late  Cajit.  Marshall  .Short,  who  was 
accidentallv  killed  al  Astoria  a  few  years  ago.  He  is  a  practical  steamboatman  in  every  respect  and  has  always  met  with  success 
in  his  calling. 

'"  Capt.  John  C.  Oore  was  born  near  Detroit,  Midi.,  in  1S53,  leaving  his  home  at  the  age  of  fifteen  to  work  on  ve.s.sels  iiiiiniiit' 
out  of  Jlaniuette,  on  Lake  Superior,  and  while  so  engaged  piloted  the  first  boat  from  Houghton  through  the  canal  lo  the  bike.  He 
was  male  of  a  tugboat  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  while  still  a  boy  commanded  the  same  vessel.  He  moved  to  Oregon  in  '^7;,  am! 
began  sleainboating  on  the  AVinvT  as  deckhand,  remaining  for  a  short  time  and  then  going  to  the  (W/n,  He  had  no  dill  "ily  ill 
working  up  in  his  profe.ssiim  and  was  soon  in  charge  of  theCiovernnient  snagboal  Coivullis,  which  he  ran  for  a  iiumber  of  years,  aiiil 
snbsei|neiitly  fitted  out  the  new  Ciovernment  steamer  Ciismi/is  o/'l/ie  Cohimbio  and  was  her  first  master,  his  brother  Charles  uorkiiip 
with  him  as  engineer.  While  ill  the  service  of  the  Cnited  .Slates  engineers  he  had  charge  of  neirly  all  of  their  vessels  nul  was 
always  very  successful.  He  left  this  employ  to  enter  that  of  the  Oregon  Railway  i\l  Navigation  Comiiany,  taking  comniaL-l  of  llif 
steamer /^I'HiJw^ir.  He  was  011  the  Willamette  for  several  years,  and  for  a  lime  handled  the  mail  boats  on  the  lower  Ciliualiia. 
When  Captain  Troup  a.ssumed  the  niauagement  of  the  Columbia  S:  Kootenai  .Steam  Navigation  Company,  he  induced  Capi  .11  Oore 
to  go  into  their  service  and  gave  him  llie  captaincy  of  the  finest  boat,  the  Co/ii»iliia,  and  he  still  remains  on  the  11111  1  1  river. 
where  he  has  established  a  splendid  reputation  as  a  swift-water  navigator.  His  success  is  in  a  large  measure  due  to  his  fc.i 
and  good  judgment  in  handling  the  steamers  in  his  charge.     .Since  the  burning  of  the  Cnhiiiihia  he  has  been  in  charge  of  t!; 

''Capt.  ("leorge  (lore  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich,  in  i.S.pS,  and  uuderlook  his  marine  career  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
on  the  lakes  as  a  cabin  boy.  He  rose  rap-  'ly  from  the  ranks,  and  at  llie  age  of  seventeen  was  mate  on  a  large  propelle; 
Huffalo  and  Chicago.  He  continued  running  there  until  iK-i,  part  of  the  time  on  sailing  vessels,  but  principally  em: 
quarterniaster.  mate  and  uiaster  of  steamers.  In  1S71  he  left  Houghton.  Mich,,  for  the  Pacific  Co.ist,  am'  on  his  ar'i* 
Francisco  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  .Sacramento  River,  and  also  engaged  in  barging  wheat  on  the  I'eathe-  ver.  He 
shijiped  as  <iuartermaster  on  the  old  Paii/ii',  anil,  after  making  a  few  voyages,  was  appoiuteil  second  mate.     0..c  trip  in  thi^ 


essuess 

lytlm. 

Mirkiiig 
eUveen 
.veil  as 
■  al  San 
;erward 
apacity 


Willamette  River  Lnvks  Completed,  Charter  Rites  of  the  Lumber  Fleet 


21.^ 


cse  cdiiipanlcs 
(1  by  tliis  lack 
:l  (Ircdne,  and 
men  wlio  had 
incial  1  lackers 
L'd  to  put  into 
2,  1H7.1,  going 
L'vciily  Ions  of 
diniciillies  in 
imited  capital 
oiiey  Irotn  the 
iits  whidi  shi' 
e  0/ii<'  an  oiKl 
i  bent,  making 
en  wliucl,  "  tht 
hese  segments 
the  u1)ii|iiitoHs 
;ch  it  before  it 
!ind  it  is  stated 
ns  and  wooden 
1  three  feet  six 
coniniaiid,  and 
ge  Ciore/'and 


liio  Kiver,  wliere 

Ciipliiin  Spenar 

■  enabk'd  him  In 

ke  Kiver  as  piloi 

-■r  oil  till-  iniddlc 

ivc  tlie  Cascadts, 

lowever,  Sptiicer 

lased  llie  steamer 

'■ral  siilisidies  far 

r  eillier  citpliirtil 

■oria  run.  lowing 

Is  willingness  to 

eil  l)y  Spencer. 

r  ( 'titli'i-l.  one  of 

,  lie  sent  her  to 

!om|)aii\'  out  olT 

.'er  the  Casi-atlcs 

lleil  through  the 

le  river,  Captain 

■ITeclnaily  that 

ooking  after  his 

earner  l^hio  with 

idt'iil  until  1S7;. 

illanuitr  Chui. 

A.  .1.  .U.Ciiln. 

e  Corvallis  trade 

Coiupanv  at  this 

" ■  .S'.  /;,«//( 1  for 

r,  iSyi,  wlieii  lie 

en  I'ortiaini  and 

runniii.ii  out  of 

Short,  who  was 

met  with  >ikce.>s 

vessels  lunuiii!; 
to  the  hike.  He 
noil  in  1^7,',  am! 
i  no  (lill!'  iilty  in 

er  of  vi  ;irs,  and 
Cliarle's  workiiiK 

vessels  .mil  was 
coininai;'!  of  the 
ower  (.I'himhia. 
eil  Capt  ai  Gore 

lie  upii  1  river, 

his  fe.K'essness 
,'e  of  till-  /.rllon. 
urteeii.  .vorkiiig 

pelU; 

lly  em; 

is  ar'-i^ 

He 

ill  tlii 


ilweeii 
yell  as 
at  San 
erwanl 
ipacity 


Hngiiu  ;  Cliarles  K.  Gore,"  were  among  her  crew  in  early  days,  and  the  old  craft  furnished  .sehoolinK  for  a  large 
iiumliei  if  Willamette  River  steamboatnien.  She  was  followed  in  after  years  by  many  other  finer  light-draft 
steaniM-.  none  of  whicli,  however,  succeeded  in  making  so  much  money  'm  proportion  to  cost  as  the  O/iw. 

.'.niither  Willamette  steamer  destined  for  a  long  and  useful  career  was  launched  at  Portland  in  1S74 
!iy  J.  !•'  Steffen  for  the  Willamette  River  Transiiortation  Company,  making  her  trial  trip  March  j,',d.  She 
was  call' li  the  tt'Miiii<//f  C'/iiV/]  and  was  intended  to  run  through  from  the  headwaters  of  the  stream  for  whicli 
she  wa--  named  to  Astoria,  where  .some  of  her  stockholders  were  interested  in  the  Astoria  Farmers'  Wharf 
Compaiiv .  She  left  Corvallis  on  her  first  trip  in  March  with  two  hundred  tons  of  wheat  and  thirty  pas.sengers, 
receiviiii;  one  hundred  and  thirty  more  at  Albany  and  Salem,  nearly  all  of  them  farmers,  who  went  through 
to  Aslmia  with  the  wheat.  Col.  Joe  Teal  of  the  wharf  company  accompanied  them,  and  on  the  way  made  a 
speech,  ill  which  he  said  that  in  the  future  the  entire  wheat  crop  of  the  Willamette  Valley  would  be  transported 
from  Corvallis  to  Astoria  for  four  dollars  per  ton,  and  that  all  of  the  grain  ships  would  load  at  that  city. 
The  Oiii'/'  was  very  strongly  constructed  and  could  carry  a  good-sized  cargo  on  a  comparatively  light  draft  of 
water.  Capt.  Charles  Ilolman 
and  Kiii;iiieer  John  Marshall 
were  in  charge  on  the  first 
trip,  ami  in  the  following 
year  Iv  W.  Haughman  took 
command.  In  December, 
1S7S.  lie  ran  her  to  the  foot 

of  the  Cascades,  over  a  mile      ^^^^^■^^^^■V!S9K(^"/7'l\v'::,"       ■  'I 

farther  tip  than  any  steamer 
had  yet  been.  l''ew  who 
were  familiar  with  her  move- 
ments during  the  clo.sing 
days  of  her  career  would 
believe  that  the  old  craft 
ever  had  lieen  speedy,  yet  in 
the  first  year  of  her  existence 
she  participated  in  a  spirited 
race  with  the  Oiieonia,  easily 
distancing  t  h  e  sidewheeler. 
Captain  Hatighinan  remained 
Ml  charge  of  the  steamer 
until  I.S71),  when  she  came  into  the  po.ssession  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  by  whom  she  was 
relniilt,  and  Capt.  Henry  Ivmken  given  command.     He  was  .succeeded  by  Captains  I'illsbury,  IJailey,''  Haskell, 


I     ,!HM 


STKA.MKH    '■  WlLLAMKTTK  CHIKF" 


w.is  enough  for  Ciore.  anil  lie  left  the  sleaiiisliip  in  I'ortlanil  to  beniii  steamlioatiiiK  o"  the  Willaiiictte  River.  The  old  /  iiiuv/air  was 
his  first  linat.  Imt  lie  soon  left  her  to  K"  as  a  decklianil  oil  tlie  l/nvi'n/or  (ho:ei\  then  run  by  .-Varon  Vieliers.  When  the  /Ifiizyr 
was  built,  (".ore  went  out  as  mate,  leaving;  her  to  enter  the  eiiiployineiit  of  the  (Jre>;oii  Steam  Navigation  Company  on  tile 
upper  Columbia.  He  came  down  to  the  niiiMle  river  after  a  few  moiitlis  anil  joiiieil  the  old  Tivr.vc;-,  niiiler  Capt.  I'red  Wilson,  lie 
iieM  entered  the  service  of  the  Willamette  Locks  sV  Transportation  Company  oil  the  Sliosln»i(\  lie  was  subseiiueiilly  mate 
and  jiilni  nti  the  famous  i)hio,  ami  later  became  eajitaiii  of  the  (loveriiiiient  sna^boat  Corva/lis,  He  a^aiii  joined  the  ( )rej.;oii  Steam 
NaviKitiou  Company's  boats  on  the  iiliper  river  alter  leaving  the  C.overnnient  employ,  and  lias  been  at  various  times  on  all  the 
steamers  of  the  upper  river  fleet  and  most  of  those  on  the  middle  river.  When  the  big  railroad  bridj^e  was  erected  at  .Xiiisworlh 
lie  was  put  in  cbarj^e  of  the  boats  and  barges  employed  in  transporting  the  rock  for  that  .structure.  He  left  the  upper  river  in  1.SS4  to 
l:ike  oharv^c  of  the  bii,^  transfer  boat  'J\tro}iiti,  used  in  ferrying  Northern  Pacific  trains  across  tbe  stream  at  Kalania.  His  ten  years' 
record  iiii  this  steamer  is  all  enviable  one,  ami  from  the  iinie  he  commenced  as  mate  on  the  lake  schooner  /((«<•  Kitlslou,  nearly  a 
third  of  a  century  ajjo,  he  has  ilemonstrated  that  stubborn  energy,  backed  by  sound  judgment  and  steady  nerve,  are  belter  elements 
nl  success  in  steamboatiiig  than  mere  luck. 

■"Charles  E.  Core  was  born  in  MicbiKan  in  1S51,  and  left  in  1874  for  Oregon  by  way  of  San  l-'ranciseo.  He  bc>;aii 
.stcamhoatinn  on  the  Shoshone  in  the  fall  of  iSfi4,  goin)^  from  her  to  the  Ohio  anil  Cily  0/  Salem  as  tireinaii.  He  was  next  en),'a);eil 
on  the  llt,t:ri\  with  which  he  afterwards  went  to  the  Stickeen  with  Capt.  Niit  I.ane,  and  remained  with  her  two  years,  first  as  second 
engineer  ,iiid  subseipiently  as  chief.  On  relnriiinn  to  Oregon  he  worked  on  the  steamers  Oaiiteiil,  Cily  o/Sateiii,  Tninirr,  /.iuiolii, 
l/iin,s!  ('ii:-iii,y,>liii  Gii'/fs,  /).  S.  />\ii-fi;  .\'i)iih:,u:sl,  OiSuu/tS  o/lhi-  Coliimbia,  and  snagboat  Corvol/is,  fillinj;  the  position  of  chief 
engineer  lor  over  fifteen  years.  He  is  at  jnesent  in  charge  of  the  engines  of  the  Northern  Pacific  transfer  boat  'J'iuo)iiii,  liavii:;'  been 
coinft'cted  with  her  almost  continuously  since  his  brother  Capt.  (leorge  t'.ore  took  coinniand. 

■  i.'apt.  Lester  .\.  Hailey  was  born  in  Canaan,  Conn.,  in  1850,  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  for  over  tweiitv 
years.  His  first  work  on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  was  with  the  little  steamer  Maria  U'itkim.  He  afterward  entered  the 
service  I'l  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Conii>any  and  their  successors,  the  Oregon  Railwav  sS:  Navigation  Company.  While  in  that 
employ.  Captain  Hailey  rose  from  the  rank  of  ileckhand  to  that  of  port  captain,  in  which  position,  owing  to  his  thorough  and 
practical  knowledge  of  steamboatiiig,  his  administration  was  higlily  successful.  He  was  i|uick  to  recognize  merit  in  his  employees, 
and  prniiirttioiis,  where  deserved,  were  ipiickly  made  as  soon  as  he  took  charge.  When  the  t'nion  Pacific  absorbed  the  water  lines 
ol  the  1  111 j;c)ii  Railway  &  Navigation  Comiiany,  Captain  Bailey  retired  from  'he  service  and  was  instrnmental  in  organizing  the 
I'ortlaiii!  .V  Coast  Steamship  Company,  and  started  otit  under  very  flattering  ciuiimstances.  He  took  command  of  the  steamer 
"  tllal',1  iml  handled  her  on  the  coast  route  as  long  as  the  company  was  in  existence,  meeting  with  fully  as  great  a  degree  of  success 
IS  he  h  :  I  enjoyed  in  his  river  steamboating.  While  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Raihv.ay  sSi  Navigation  Company,  he  commanded 
the  big  -!  liwheeler  Olyiitfiian,  the  first  through  boat  on  the  Portland  and  Ilwaeo  route.     His  success  with  tliis  steamer,  as  well  as 


Ills  popu; 

ste.uiier  i 
tile  steal! 
*teamei . 
Compaii 


irity  with  the  traveling  jniblie,  induced  the  Ilwaeo  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  to  secure  his  services  as  jiilot  on  the 
■  lan  ll'(ur  when  she  commenced  running  on  the  seaside  route.  He  left  this  employ,  and,  with  John  Marshall,  chartered 
'  r  //assalo,  wliicfi  they  operated  on  the  Cascade  route  for  a  few  months.     Finding  the  route  iiniirofitable.  they  gave  up  the 

id  Captain  Hailey  lias  since  had  command  of  several  difTerent  .steamers  owned  by  the  Oregon  Railway  ^:  .Navigation 

and,  in  every  position  he  has  filled,  has  acquitted  himself  in  a  highly  creditable  manner. 


I     ' 


li    - 


!  1 

i  1 


t  '■} 


m\}' 


4  |t 


!    ,(jl: 


!^.M4 


ai4 


Lewis  cj  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  /Northwest 


Larkins,"  Kindred,  Pope,  Turner,  and  others.  Before  the  completion  of  the  railroad  bridge  at  Portland  she  was 
transferring  passengers  from  Ash  Street  Dock  to  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company's  teniiiniis,  ami 
since  then  has  l)een  used  mostly  as  a  towboat.  .She  was  again  rebuilt  a  few  years  ago,  but  was  destroyed  l)y  firt 
at  the  boneyard  in  Portland  in  ,September,  1H94.  The  dimensions  of  the  CAie/  were:  length,  one  hundred  and 
sixty-three  feet ;  beam,  thirty-one  feet ;  depth  of  hold,  six  feet  ;  eugines,  twenty  by  sixty  inches. 

With  the  completion  of  the  locks  at  Oregon  City  a  number  of  corporations  were  organized  to  liaiidk-  the 
wheat  crop  of  the  Willamette  Valley.  The  Columbia  &  Willamette  Barge  Company  was  incorporated  at  .Vstoria 
in  July  by  Col.  Joe  Teal,  George  W.  Warren,  1).  K.  Warren,  J.  H.  V.  Gray,  John  Hobson,  S.  D.  Adair.  H,  S. 
Shuster  and  S.  N.  Arrigoni.  The  capitalization  was  $30,000,  .shares  $100  each.  They  built  two  bargus  of  850 
tons  each.  The  first,  the  Coliimhh  Chief,  launched  at  .Steffen's  yard  in  November,  carried  on  her  iiiili.il  trip 
767  tons  of  wheat  to  Astoria.  The  Astoria  Farmers'  Wharf  Company  was  incorporated  by  some  of  llu-  same 
stockholders.  Joe  Teal  was  president,  D.  K.  Warren,  vice-president,  and  ,S.  U.  Adair,  .secretary  and  iriMsurer. 
With  the  addition  of  the  Willamcltc  Chivf,  the  Willamette  River  Navigation  Company  was  well  equipped  for 
business  and  became  quite  aggressive.     They  started  the  Beaver  on  the  Astoria  route,  the  (io:r>iior  Gnnvr  tn 

Corvallis,  the  Willamelk  Chief  to 
Albany,  and  the  Shoshone  to  the 
Yamhill  River,  unfortunately  Insiii); 
the  latter  steamer  near  .Salfiii  in 
November.  The  Oregon  .Steam 
Navigation  Company  did  not  view 
with  favor  the  advent  of  the  ileanr 
in  territory  which  they  looked  upon 
as  their  own.  As  a  result  they  Imilt 
the  steamer  Weleoiiie  to  assist  lien 
Holladay's  Senator  on  the  Oregon 
City  line,  and  Holladay  sent  the  F.. 
N.  Cook  above  the  falls  to  reinforce 
the  J'aniiy  Pa/Ion,  .l/iee,  Albaiiy, 
Pavloii  and  Siieeess.  The  new  com- 
pany afterward  put  the  Chief  on  the 
Astoria  route,  and  competition  ran 
high  for  a  while,  steamboat  racing 
being  extensively  indulged  in.  result- 
ing in  .serious  collisions  iK'twicn  tlic 
/leaver  and  the  linima  //iir:eard, 
and  the  Chief  and  the  fosie  MeKcar. 
While  the  opposition  lasted,  rates 
were  cut  to  one  dollar  for  passengers 
and  the  same  rate  per  ton  for  freight 
from  Portland  to  Astoria.  The  Weleome,  a  small  steamer  which  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  added 
to  their  fleet  in  1S74,  was  launched  at  Portland,  and  made  her  trial  trip  July  4th.  Capt.  W.  H.  Smith  was  given 
command,  and  the  following  year  Capt.  George  J.  Ainsworth"'  ran  her  on  the  Kalama  route.  When  set  afloat  the 
steamer  contained  the  engines  from  the  Fannie   Troup,  but  in   1S76   they  were   replaced  with    those   from  the 


Skatti.k,  Wash.,  in  is;t 


1^      ' 


Ai 


I  1^1 


"C:ipt.  William  E.  I.arkins  wa.s  bom  in  Rcntoii  County,  Or.,  in  1S57,  coninieiiceil  sleanilioaliiiK  between  OreKon  Cily  ami 
Corvallis  on  the  .-///(>'  in  1S74,  and  has  been  continuously  enga^e<t  in  the  business  since  that  time.  lie  was  in  the  einiiloy  of  the 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  its  successors  for  nearlj'  fifteen  years,  for  a  long  lime  on  the  upper  Coluiiilii:i  and 
Snake  rivers,  and  afterward  as  mate  and  master  of  the  H^illamelle  L/iie/' when  she  was  used  as  a  transfer  boat  between  I'onliiul  ami 
the  ea.st  side  of  the  Willamette.  lie  left  the  service  of  the  Union  Pacific  Company  soon  after  the  advent  of  Superintendent  I'njraiii. 
and  entered  the  employ  of  the  Columbia  River  &  Vuget  Soun<l  Navigation  Company  as  pilot  and  master,  serving  several  years  as 
pilot  with  Capt.  Thomas  Craug  on  the  Telephone.  While  in  his  charge  the  steamer  unfortunately  sank  at  the  luoulli  of  the 
Willamette,  but  no  better  evidence  of  the  ability  of  Captain  I.arkins  could  be  found  than  the  fact  tli.al  after  she  was  raised  lie  was 
retained  in  his  position.     No  man  on  the  Columbia  stands  higher  in  the  estimation  of  steamboatmen  than  Captain  I,arkitis. 

'•'Capt.  George  J.  Ainsworth  was  born  in  Oregon  City,  Or.,  April  13,  1852,  and  has  been  informed  that  his  first  stuainboat 
experience  was  as  a  passenger  on  the  Lot  Wliilcomb  when  two  weeks  old.  Karly  iu  1874  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  nreKoii 
Steam  Navigation  Company  as  clerk  in  the  president's  office,  going  from  there  to  the  steamer  Weleome  as  purser,  and  iiiurwanl 
holding  the  same  position  on  the  Oneonta,  Emma  Haya'ard,  Dixie  Tliompson  and  .  Innie  Stewart.  While  engaged  in  this  work  lit 
actiuired  a  knowledge  of  navigation  and  of  handling  a  steamboat,  and  in  <Uie  time  received  a  license  as  master  anil  pilot  a'ul  took 
command  of  the  steamer  Otter,  subseiiuently  connnauding  the  IVeteome,  Dixie  Tliomp.wn,  Emma  Hay.eard,  (hieoiita  ami 
In  January,  1877,  he  was  made  a  director  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  and  in  187S  was  ajipointed  assistant 
superinteudeut,  later  a.ssuniing  charge  as  general  superintendent.  Captain  Ainsworth  was  vice-president  of  the  Oregon 
Navigation  Company  when  its  affairs  were  closed  after  the  Villard  eotip,  and  when  the  Oregon  Railway  Sc  Navigation  C' 
succeeded  it  he  was  appointed  superintendent^of  the  river  and  Sound  divisions,  and  operated  the  portage  roads  at  the  Cascades  ; 
Dalles,  resigning  in  1892  to  assist  his  father,  who  had  become  interested  in  a  immber  of  enterprises  at  Oakland,  Cal.  After  '-  years 
there  he  went  to  Redondo  Beach,  and,  under  the  direction  of  his  father  and  R.  R.  Thompson,  the  owners,  succeeded  in  traiisf  irmiiig 
a  barren  waste  of  land  into  one  of  the  finest  conunercial  ports  of  Southern  California.  The  Redondo  Beach  Company,  Ridomlo 
Railway  Company,  and  Redondo  Hotel  Company,  were  adjuncts  in  the  development  which  brought  into  existence  a  ma;  ificeiit 
hotel,  riarrow-guage  railway,  a  wharf  suitable  for  the  largest  ships  afioat,  and  many  other  improvements.  Capt.  Oeorge  Ai  ^wortli 
remained  iu  charge  of  this  vast  property  until  the  death  of  his  fat'.:er  and  then  returned  to  Oregon  as  administrator  of  his  e-.i  .le. 


others. 
.;eiieral 

.Steam 
nipanv 

ul  The 


Willamette  River  Locks  Completed,  Chnrter  Rates  of  the  Lumber  Fleet 


215 


It  now  11 


I)     J.    Mt.\'lCAH 


AinswDrtli  was  succL-edeil  as  master  by  A.  H.  I'illsliury,  Riciianl  Hoyt,  aiitl  Clark  W.  SpraKUu,  bcllt-r 
\s  "Woody."     Ill   August,  18H1,  the  Wclromf  was  towed   l>y  tlie  tug    Taivma  to  Pugct   .Souud,  where 

SpraRiii    look  loiiimaiid.     Tlie  following  year  she  engaged  in  a  xigorous  contest  on  the  Hellinghani   Bay  run 

will)  aii'iilier  old  Columbia  River  steamer,  the  Washing; Ion.     In  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation 

Coinpanv  she  was  operated  on  all  of  the  routes  out  of  .Seattle  until  finer  and  faster  boats  relegated  her  to  the  rear. 

Willie  1  lid  up  at  Gig  harbor  in  August,  iSyo,  she  was  destroyed  by  fire,  the  steamer  .ilitla  burning  at  the  same 

time.     The  IVitcome  was  one  hundred   and  twenty-seven  feet  long,  twenty-.«even 
feet  beam,  and  five  feet  six  inches  hold.     The  steamer  Otli-r,  a  diminutive  stern- 
wheclcr,  was  also  added  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  fieet  in  1.S74. 
Ca])t.  W.  H.  Smith  rati  her  for  one  seascm,  and  she  was  then  sold  and  went  to  the 
Sound,  running  there  for  several  years.      The  Ollii-  was  built  by  Hred  Congdon, 
with   machinery  from   the  Afary  /hll,  which   he  had  previously  dismantled  and 
traded  to  G.  \V.  Hume  to  be  used  as  a  wharf.     Congdon  made  a  trial  trip  with  the 
(W/v,  March  2Sth,  but  the  Oregon  Railway  iS:  Navigation  Company  purcha.sed  her 
shortly  afterward  to  prevent  interference  with  their  business.     On  the  Souud  she 
was  first  used  by  Captain   Hyde,  towing  barges  for  the  Rentoii  Coal  Company. 
She  afterward  ran  as  an  opposition  boat  on  the  upper  Sound  route   until   1S77, 
when  the  owners  of  the  /cpliyr  and  Mfssciii;ei-  combined  with  .Starr  and  .secured 
her  retirement   with   a   monthly  subsidy 
of  five  hundred  dollars.      The   following 
year  Starr  operated   her  between  Tacoma 
and    Olympia,   Captains    Parker,   Clancey 
and    Wilson    having    charge.       .She   was 

siil)se(piently   commanded    by    Sprague,    Heecher,    Parker,    and   several 

litliers.      Her    closing   days   on    the   .Sound  were   spent   as   a    trading 

slL'.iiiier,  and   she  gave  good  .service   until    February,    iScjo,    when  she 

collided   with    the    //assii/o    near    Des    Moines,    and,  although    l)eached 

without  loss  of  life,  was  too  badly  damaged  to   be  repaired.       At   the 

lime  of  her  lo.ss  she  was  owned   by  Capt.  T.  Cook  of  Tacoma.       The 

(W(7- was  eighty-seven  feet  long,  eighteen  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold. 

Congdon  had   intended    her   for   a   connecting   boat    with    the     Vinsi) , 

which  Moody  and  French  had  built  to  run  on  the  middle  river.      The 

'/hi.iir,   like   her   companion,  was   too   small    to    be   of  much    use,   but 

succeeded  in  making  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company  purchase 

her  at  a  good    advance   on    her   cost.       She    was   constructed   at   The 

D.illes,  and  was  sixty-nine  feet  long,  thirteen  feet  beam,  and  eight  feet 

hold,  with  engines  eight  by  eighteen  inches.     Capt.  H.  T.  Coe  was  in 

command  during  her  brief  career  on  the  middle  river,  and  in   1S75  she 

was   taken  over  the   Cascades    by    Capt. 

J.    W.     Hrazee,     Kngineer     Carroll,     and 

Fireman  Steven.son.      Having  no  use  for 

■>  her  on  the  river,  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company  sold  her  to  Capt.  J.  C. 

-f^i  Urittain  of  Seattle,  wdio  ran  her  until   i.syy,  when  she  sank.     After  being  raised 

the  following  year,  her  machinery  was  removed,  and  she  was  rigged  as  a  schooner. 

She  is  su!!  .sailing  on  the  waters  of  the  Northwest,  engagf"   it  die  present  time  in 

the  sealing  busine.ss.     The  Columbia  River  Transporta..    .  C  jinpany,  which  had 

expected  to  establish    a   successful   opposition    line   between    Portland   and    The 

Dalles,  was  incorporated  in  September  by  1).   M.   French,  William  Grant,  J.   C. 

M.  J^\>  Cartwriglit,  Kiiiil  Schult/.e  and   M.   H.  Gates.     Another  organization,  known  as 

jm  wr^^  "'^  Cascades  Canal  &  Locks  Company,  was  incorporated  October  22d  by  A.  C. 

■  Kinney,  H.  H.  Bowman  and  R.  Mallory,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $25,000,  at  $100 

per  share.     A  small  propeller  called  the  S/.  Patrick  was  built  at  Waterford,  Wash.. 

in   1874,  by  James  Williams.     .She  was  fifty  feet  long,  twelve  feet  beam,  and  five 

feet  hold,  made  her  trial  trip  April  14th,  was  u.sed  for  a  short  time  as  a  tovvboat  on 

the  Columbia,  and  .sold  in  iSy^  to  D.  K.  Howard  of  .Seabeck,  who  took  her  to  the 

Souml  and  operated  her  on  the  run  between  Port  Gamble  and  Seabeck.     Since  that  time  she  has  been  in  .service 

continually  between  points  adjacent  to  Seattle.     Another  small  steamer  was  constructed  at  Portland  by  James 

fox,  wi;o  purchased  the  wreck  of  the  burned  tug  Sedalia  and  placed  the  machinery  in  the  I'avorite.     Like  her 

predecessors,  she  was  used  in  towing  ships  on  the  river,  J.  N.  Fisher  serving  as  master. 

The  tug  Astoria  was  extensively  repaired  in  1874,  and  her  place  on  the  bar  was  filled  by  the  C.J.  Ilnii/iam, 

which  arrived  at  Astoria,  February  9th,  in  charge  of  Captain  Hill.     The  /Ircnliam  was  built  at   Humboldt  by 


C.M'T.  C.KOKtil-:   J.  AiNSWOKTII 


■  J.   C.    ItKiri  AIN 


ill 


i| 


M 


Hlf.' 


2l6 


Lewis  (J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


I 


l.kVi  Snyiikh 


W.  C.  Rnlston  to  run  \\]<  tliu  Noyo   River   for  ltttnl)er.     She  proved  too  Inr^e  for  tliis  work  niid  was   .nld  to 

A.  M.  Siiii]isoti,  wlio  sent  her  to  Coos  liny  and  afterword  to  the  Coluintiiii  linr,  wliere  slie  reinnined  over  ten  years, 

Eli  Hilton  was  in  cliarKe  until  iM;;,  when  Capt.  (leorge  C.  HIavel  took  coinniand.     M.  I),  Staples,"  Ivrie  Julmsoii 

and   D.J.  McN'iear     also  handled  the  steamer  durinK   her  stay   on  the  Colunihia.     The  steamer    OinKii,/  was 

bronnht  down  from  the  Tualitin  and  operated  on  the  Cathlamel  route, 

and  the  Wfiiul.  which    the   Orejjon   Steam    Navigation    Comi)any  had 

disposed  of  to  Captain   KellogK,  was  running  up  the  Columliia  to  the 

Sandy.     The  steam  lug  h'alii'  Cook  was  huilt  on  the  Cotiuille  River  hy 

the  Cociuille  Tng  iS:   Mill   Company.     She  was  fifty-.sevcn   feet   long, 

fifteen  feet  beam,  and  six  feel  hold,  with  engines  fourteen   by  twelve 

inches.     T.  S.  I'loyd  was  her  first  master,  retaining  his  position  until 

1878,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  J.  Parker,  who  alternated  in 
command  with  his  predecessor  until  1889,  when  Capt.  I.evi  Snyder  " 
took  charge,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  James  Caughell  in  1890.     The 

Coos,  n  small  sidewheelcr  fifty-six  feet  long,  fourteen  feet  beam,  and  four 

feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  ten  by  thirty  inches,  was  launched  at 

Ivnipire  City  by  Ca])t.  W.  H.  I, use.     Captains  I<u.se,  Lanfare,  I'loyd  and 

Hrnst  connnanded  her  at  dilTerenl  times  until  late  in  1884,  when  H.  W. 

Dunham   rebuilt   her  at   Marshfield.     Capt.  A.   M.  Campbell,  H.  \V. 

Robert  and  J.  F.  Duidiani  were  in  control  until  1890,  when  A.  F.  Hurd 

took  charge  and  has  run  tu^  steamer  since.     The  Mollie,  a  propeller 

fifty-four  feet  long,  with  an  eight  by  fifteen  inch  engine,  was  built  at 

Elk  City  in  1874  and  ran  between  that  place  and  Newport  on  Ya([nina 

Bay.     Hazard   C.   Smith  was  the   owner,   and    Ivlliott  Wilson,    A.   V,. 

Reiser   and    S.   T.  Jordan   were  masters    until   about    1881,   when  she 

ended  her  career. 

With  the  discoveries  of  gold  on  the  Stickeen  and  in  the  Cassiar 

country  a  boom  in  steamboating  was  again  looked  for,  and  two  new  steamers  were  constructed  for  this 

The  first  of  these,  the  Gletiora,  built  by  Alexander  Watson,  .Sr.,'  was  launched  at  \'ictoria,  March  9th,  by  Ciipt. 

"Capt.  M.  D.  Staples  was  liorii  in  Maine  in  1846,  and  when  thirteen  years  of  at;e  sailid  out  of  Allaiitir  port.t  to  tlie  \Vi>l 
Indies.  He  first  readied  San  I'rancisco  in  1866,  and,  after  a  few  nioiillis  on  tlie  liarli  (U')ii  0/  llii-  Ouuii.  went  on  the  l>rin  lli,U'>l,i. 
and  from  her  to  tlie  /owe  .  /.  Fallteiihryi;,  rctnaininjj  with  Captain  Cathcart  tliree  veiirs.  He  ran  for  a  short  time  on  llie  slcainir-. 
Cali/'oiiiiii,  (noige  S.  Il'iix/it  and  Hiisiir  I'llfnir,  retnriiinK  East  in  1871  as  mate  on  the  hark  /,ouiivi\  .\fter  a  sliori  visit  at  liis  olil 
home  he  sailed  for  Calcutta  in  the  bark  //  'i>if;i'(l  h'aiii;  and,  on  his  return  to  Hostou,  went  to  New  York  and  thence  to  San  I'raiH'isco, 
wlure  he  arrived  in   1875.     He  made  a  few  trips  as  third  mate  on  the  steamer  .l/ii.v,  and  then  joined  the  tiinlioat  .-li/i'iin  on  the 

Columhia  River  liar,  remaining;  Ihirc  as 
cai)taiii  and  bar  pilot  for  twenty  \e;irs.  M 
present  he  is  one  of  the  State  pilots  on  llit 
scliooner  Sun  Jo.u'. 

'■'Capt.  I).  J.  McVicar  was  burn  at 
Cape  llreton  in  1.S55,  and  at  the  ii);e  ui  tliir- 
teen  be),'an  sailing  coastwise,  two  years 
later  rnuniii){  to  West  Inilia  ports  ami  Oiiha, 
where  he  continued  four  years,  anil,  after 
a  year  on  the  western  ocean,  readiccl  San 
l'"rancisco  on  the  ship  O.iiiif  A'rn/  in  iSyj. 
He  came  to  the  Columbia  River  on  tin-  ship 
Flixiilci,  aud,  after  hi.s  arrival  at  .\slori?. 
worked  on  tugboats  as  mate  ami  pilot  for 
three  or  four  vears.  His  first  commaml  was 
the  old  tUK  i'\faiv  Tiiyhn;  which  he  juincil  in 
October,  lS8o,  leaviuH  her  early  tlie  liillow- 
ing  year  to  take  the  .Isloiia.  He  sulise- 
ipieutly  followed  bar  pilotiuK  for  a  year,  liiil 
returni'd  to  the  tugboats,  handling  llic  Si'l 
TIh»}Iiis  for  a  few  mouths  aiul  afurward 
commanding  the  /'iciKrr  four  years.  He 
finally  took  her  to  the  Sound,  ami.  after 
leaving  her,  went  to  the  pilot  schooner 
C.  (,'.  U'/iilf,  working  as  bar  pilot  until  tlie 
new  pilotage  law  drove  lier  out  of  business. 
He  then  took  charge  of  the  tug  ./(tow 
again,  remaining  with  her  four  yeais,  and 
about  two  years  ago  left  her  to  join  the 
schooner  SiDi  Jost'  as  one  of  the  Oregon 
State  pilots.  Captain  McVicar  has  enjoyed  .some  racy  experiences  on  the  bar,  on  one  occasion  being  out  six  days  with  the  I'i'iiicr, 
by  which  time  the  lug  aud  all  hands  had  been  given  up  for  lost. 

•'Capt.  Levi  Snyder  was  born  in  Penn.sylvania  in  1859,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  while  (piile  young,  aud  conn  h  nceil 
steamboating  on  the  Coquille  River  early  in  i.SSo.  His  first  craft  was  the  l.itlle  .Iniiic,  which  has  supjilied  schooling  for  i  large 
number  of  Coos  Hay  steamboatmen.  He  was  afterward  engaged  on  a  number  of  well  known  steamers  on  the  bay,  and  for  -cvcral 
years  past  has  had  command  of  the  tug  Triumph,  which  he  has  operated  in  a  highly  successful  manner  on  the  bar. 

"  Alexander  Watson,  Sr.,  who  has  spent  nearly  half  a  century  bnilding  marine  craft,  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  nr;  Mil  ui 
Victoria  in  1863,  wliere  he  has  since  followed  his  calling.  One  of  his  first  steamboats  was  the  (Hfiioia,  ordered  by  Capt.  Join  Irving 
for  tlie  Stickeen  River  trade.  He  also  built  the  (it'rtrude  for  Capt.  William  Moore  for  the  same  traflic.  He  next  designed  '.  te  fine 
sternwheeler  Reliance,  and  constructed  the  steamers  J'eerless,  k'uniloofis  aud  Spallaiiiiu/ifen  at  Kamloops  and  the  steamers  I'achess 


Stka.mkk  "  Coos" 


Willnnwtte  Rivvr  Louks  Comi)lrti'(l,  Ch.wtvr  Ratfs  nf  thu  Lumbrr  FIrft 


2'7 


Jdliii  liMiit?;"  the  otluT,  the  (tcni.  was  complctt'il  April  lolli  for  Millnrd  \  Moore.     The  Intter  was  a  linlil draft 

,lcnnui    .1    little   over   seventy  feet    loiij;   and    thirteen    feet  beam,  hut  she  was  no  niatch  for  the  (,7iii«>,i.     A 

year  liiur  Moore  hiiilt  the  steamer  (,i>/ni(/,-.  and  the  (i/,hi<ki  eontlniieil  running  under    IrviuK's  nianaxetnent 

until  1^;'),  when   she  wan  sold   to   the  owner  of  the    <nrlni,h\  who   took   her   to   the    Frnser   River  n   ycnr 

hitcr  :inil   operated   her   in    opposition   to    Irvine's  steniners.  but   she  was  soon   laid   off.      She   remained   on 

till'  Fi  I  ir  until    1X7W.  when   she  ended   her 

cari'cr   l'\    strikint;   a    rook    near   the   mouth 

(il   llMinson    River   while  eomiiiK  down  the 

striMiiii.  December  sth.     The  A'l/iiiiin-,  whieh 

liud  jii'l  been  relea.sed  by  the  latter  steamer 

friiiii  a  bar  on  whieh  she  had  K<'<>"»(le<l,  wn.s 

close    biiiiiid,  rescued    the    passengers    and 

crew  and    saved    the    furniture    and    cabin 

fitlinU'*      The    (ifiii    also    left    the   Stickeen 

for  till-    Kraser,   where   she  ended  her  days. 

The  old  Hritisli  gunboat  Grufif>hr,  which  had 

liceii  purchased  at  auction  by  Mr.  Hnxlerick 

for  S'l.'KHi,  entered   the   merchant  service  in 

1S74.     She  started  out  in  charge  of  Captain 

Moore,  with  George  \V.  Caviu,"'  first  officer,  ^ 


HlKAMSIIII'   "  I.US   ANt.HI.KH," 

Tortiu'rly  r   s.  Keventic  Cultrr  "  Wyftiidft' 


mil  M,ii  hill  at  Ciolilen  on  tlie  upper  Coltini1)ia,  «uh- 

Mi|iU'ntlv  lOiiipleliiiK  tile  slciiiner  l.yllun  nt  Kevi'l- 

-loke  liii  tlic  Coliiiiiliia  iV  Koiiteimi  Steam  NaviKatiou  Company.     Well  kiionii  samples  nT  liis  liamliwork  wire  the  ll'illiiiiii   hviiii;, 

l\li:iifii//i  //:7/;i,',  A'.  /'.  A'/Mc/,  /Ji/uhuii',  '/'niiis/ii,  ami  several  steamers  of  lessei   importaiue.     lie  also  (lesi>;iic(l  a  Kfeal  maiiv 

vessels  for  oilier  builders. 

•'Commoilore  John  Irving  of  Victoria,  11.  C,  one  of  the  best  known  111.01  men  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  was  born  in  Portland, 
Or.,  in  iSvi,  .iml,  tliou>;h  still  a  youiiK  mail,  has  hail  a  ipiarter  of  a  century  of  c\|i'  rience  in  his  calliiiH  He^innin^;  with  his  father, 
C.ipt.  William  Irvinj^,  on  the  On Wii ttf  iii\  the  l-'raser  Kiver  when  a  hoy  of  sixteen,  he  soon  mastered  the  minor  details  of  the  husiiicss, 
,nicl  lit  the  anc  of  twenty  took  communil  of  the  steamer.  His  father's  death  in  1S72  left  the  yonnn  man  iiractically  in  charge  of  the 
tKiiisportation  husiiiess  founded  lony  before.  Commodore  Irving  was  e(pial  to  the  emerj^eiicy,  and  through  all  the  f-iiccf  edinj;  years, 
with  opposition  following  opjiosition,  with  war  to  the  knife  and  knife  to  the  hilt,  he  has  Jield  his  own  and  emerged  smiling  from  each 
stiMiulioat  conllict,  with  his  or^'ani/.atioii  a  little  more  perfect  than  when  he  entered  the  linht.  When  he  took  command  of  the 
OnUiVil  he  elTecteil  a  comliinalion  with  p'leining  and  Parsons,  who  were  ruiiiiiii){  the  sleamer  l.ilhifl,  this  agreement  remaining;  in 
force  until  iS/i,  when  Irving  l)0U).'ht  tliein  out.  Ilis  Heel  then  included  the  steamers  l/ii/ii\  (Utiioni,  OiiuanI  i\ni\  A'dlii/  City,  Ihe 
hitler  liaviiifj  been  built  in  1X74,  when  the  /.///m/ was  hroken  up.  The  Clnnnii  was  hnill  for  the  .Stickeen  Kiver  trade,  and  continued 
niiiniiit;  there  until  1S76,  when  Irving  sold  her,  with  the  route,  to  Capt.  William  Moore,  who  appeared  on  the  Stickeen  with  the 
Ciilni.l,  ill  1.S75.  He  then  concentrated  Ilis  forces  on  the  I'raser,  where  he  was  followed  by  Moore  and  a  man  named  Oppenheimer, 
who  lirouKlil  the  Uliiiiiia  over  to  the  I'raser  and  commenced  a  competition  of  which  IrviiiL'  soon  disposed.     The  Hudson's  Hay 

Company  had  in  the  nicaiitinie  embarked  in  hiisiness  on  the  New  Westminster 
route,  and  in  Ih7S  Irving  liouKht  the  famous  old  ll'i/smi  li.  Iliiiil  and  ran  her 
between  Victoria  and  tlie  (Jiieeii  City.  His  rivals  secured  the  steamer  Olyiiifiia, 
renaming  her  the  Piiiursi  J.oiiisr,  and  for  a  short  time  competition  between  the 
two  steamers  ran  liiKb.  though  a  comhinatiim  was  soon  formed,  which  remained 
in  force  until  die  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  was  oi'Kani^ed  in  i.S.S.v 
In  18.S0  the  Ctifisittr,  owned  hv  W.  J.  Stevens,  came  to  the  I'raser,  precijiitatiii^ 
another  contest,  which  lasteii  until  that  steamer  was  lost  in  i.ssi.  William 
Moore  meanwhile  had  built  the  //'<i7(;h  .S'/ii/*<' and  was  ruiinini!  her  throiif;li  to 
Vale,  and,  to  meet  this  new  rival,  Irving  ordered  the  splendid  sleamer  Jili-nlvlh 
/niiif,  which  burned  before  she  earned  a  dollar,  rndismayed  by  the  loss  of 
the  fortune  swept  away  with  the  uninsured  steamer,  Conimoilore  Irvinj;  rallied 
his  forces  ami  launched  the  A'.  /'.  h'illiil.  Captain  M<iore  had  failed  in  the 
interim,  and  ill  1SS3  Irving  bid  in  the  ll'rstiiii  .S/ii/if  at  auction,  ending;  the 
opposition  on  the  I'raser.  In  1SS5  the  People's  NaviKation  Company,  composed 
of  Messrs.  Turner  and  I'inlayson  of  Victoria  and  a  iiumlier  of  Nanaimo  people, 
putchased  the  sleamer  .hiiHia  and  put  her  on  the  Nanaimo  route  in  opposition 
to  the  Canadian  Pacilie  Navigation  Company,  of  which  Irviii),'  has  been  manager 
since  its  incorporation.  A  hitler  w.-ir  ra>;ed  for  a  hrief  period,  but  was  ended  by 
the  purchase  of  the  interests  of  Irving  and  his  associates  hy  the  new  company. 
When  the  coniiilclion  of  the  Canadian  Pacilic  Railway  in  i,S.S6  ruined  steam- 
boating  on  the  Praser,  the  CaiLidian  Pacilic  Navigation  Comiiany  withdrew,  and 
since  that  time  has  confined  its  operations  to  the  Northern  and  Vancouver 
routes.  In  addition  to  his  interests  in  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navi;;atioii  Company, 
Commodore  IrviiiK  is  a  large  stockholder  in  the  Columbia  S:  Kootenai  Steam 
Navigation  Company,  operating  steamers  on  the  upper  Columhia,  Kootenai  and 
.\rrow  lakes,  and  is  also  interested  in  many  other  Hritisli  Colninliia  enterprises. 

-'Capt.  C.eorge  W.  Cavin  was  born  in  New  Hrniiswick  in  1S4.S,  and  com- 
inenced  his  career  sailing  out  of  Maine  ports  in  the  West  India  trade  in  i,S6.|,  his 
father  being  a  prominent  inercliant  at  Belfast.  In  1S6S  he  was  master  of  the 
schooner  /.  //.  .S'lKiivj  for  a  few  months  in  the  coasting  trade,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1870  he  began  steamlioating  on  the  .St.  Croix  River.  He  arrived  jit  \'ictoria 
in  1H73,  and  in  the  spring  of  iS7(  joined  the  steamer  tiiafifilir  with  young  Cap- 
tain Moore,  t'roin  which  he  went  to  the  iii'ttruiit-  as  mate,  running  with  her  on 
the  Stickeen  River  in  1875  and  1S76,  ami  then  going  to  (Jneen  Charlotte's  Island, 
where  he  established  a  fishery.  .After  his  return  he  took  command  of  the  Ihaiei,  running  her  as  a  towlioat  in  the  fiill  of  1.S7S. 
The  «.niie  year  he  brought  the  tug  Hopf  from  Port  Townsend,  and,  after  operating  her  for  a  short  time,  took  the  contract  to  repair 
theshi!,  SI.  /.iiu'ieiiiv,  wrecked  at  Plumper's  Pass.  After  comideting  this  work  he  put  the  ship  (n'tlysliiiix  into  the  water  from  the 
lieacli  vhere  she  had  been  blown  during  the  big  gale  of  1.S.S3.  He  was  subsequently  in  command  of  the  steam  schooner  Dolphin. 
iloiii);  general  wrecking  and  jobbing  Imsincss.  In  1SS3  he  took  charge  of  the  Tfaser,  and  the  following  spring  refitted  her  with 
newe;  .ines  and  boiler  and  ran  her  until  iSSS,  when  he  disposed  of  her  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  aud  in  1890 
took  i!;v  steamer  Co/is/ame,  handling  her  until  1893,  then  taking  the  Ff/oi,  ou  which  he  remained  until  August,  1894. ' 


J.   W.   MuUKK 


!i|i 


\\\ 


)« 


\lh 


2:8 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


J  W.  Moore,'"  purser.  The  old  />i'ii:r>;  al  this  time  Hearing  her  fortieth  birthday,  was  lefitted,  made  hur  first 
trip  as  a  towboat  Aiisusl  ,Sth,  and  c ;:  the  thirty-first  was  sold  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  to  Messrs. 
Stafiford.  Saunders,  Morton,  Rudlin,  Coltnian  and  Williams. 

Captain  vStarr,  who  had  received  some  e.xpL'usive  lessons  in  steamboat  combination  in  the  early  part  of  his 

career,  had  perfected  his  organization  so  that  in  1S74,  with  the  aid  of 
Finch  &  Wright,  he  controlled  all  of  the  available  steam  craft  on  Puget 
.Sound,  his  fleet  inchiding  the  steamers  0/y»i/>iii,  Notth  }\uifu .  . \Uda. 
htxbil,  Eliza  Anderson,  and  Wilson  G.  Hunt.  Starr  had  been  carrying 
the  mail  fr-mi  Olympia  to  \'ictoria  under  a  contract  for  $26,000  yearly, 
but  at  its  expiration,  October  31st,  1*.  D.  Moore  secured  it  for  a  jK-riod 
of  three  and  one-'  alf  years  from  January  i.  iSys,  at  $20,900  a  year. 
The  Starr  combine  bid  $,vV,Soo,  and  James  Robbins  $22  500.  .\s  Moore 
had  no  steamer  at  his  disposal  when  Starr's  contract  expired,  the  latter 
refused  to  carry  the  mail  until  the  officials  at  Washington  made  .in 
agreement  by  win  fixing  the  rate  from  October  ;, ist  until  January  i, 
i,H75,  at  $500  a  trip.  During  the  Ca.ssiar  excitement  the  steamer  Eliza 
.hnhrson,  Capt.  Dan  Morrison,  made  a  few  voyages  from  the  Sound  to 
the  new  gold  region.  Capt.  John  T.  Wright  sent  his  steam.ship  Williniii 
Vhl'or  to  Victoria  in  June,  but,  when  Rosenfeld  &  Ber.i.iugham  disposed 
of  their  interest  in  the  Victoria  business  to  (loodall.  Nelson  &  Co.,  tlic 
'/'iil'or  was  replaced  with  the  steamship  Los  .  h/i;clfs,  formerly  the  reve- 
nue cutter  Wyanilii.  The  Vfnluia,  originally  the  United  States  steamer 
Rcsata,  also  made  a  trip  to  Victoria.  The  sidewhcel  steamer  )'<it;ima, 
length  one  hundred  and  seventeen  feet,  beam  twenty-two  feet,  deplh  of 
hold  six  feet  five  inches,  was  launched  at  Port  Gamble  in  1^74,  and, 
despite  the  advent  in  later  years  of  finer  and  more  powerful  luys,  is 
still  lidding  her  own,  although  at  present  u.sed  as  a  spare  boat  liy  the 

'  ■    ' '     ^  mill  company.     The  Yakima  was  for  a  .short  time  in  command  of  Capt. 

David  Hill,   and  for  many  years  was  handled   by   Captains  J.    R.    aii;l   Williim   Williamson."      Several  small 

.steamers  were  constructed  on  Puget  .Sound  in  \X~.\,  the  best  known  being  the  .  li,ilii\  a  towboat  built  at  the  foot  of 

Cherry  vStreet,  .Seattle.     In    i,S7-;   she  was  taken   to   Lake  Wasliingtor,   to  tow   barges  for  the   Newcastle  Co.il 

Company,  remaining  there  until  the  railroad  was  completed,  when  she  was  taken  back  and  operated  in  the  jolihing 

trade  by  Capt.  Mark  Norton.       Cajit.  J.  C.  lirittain  purclia.sed  her  from  the  coal  company,  and   C.  1).  lirownfield 

was  api  ^illted  nirster.     She  was  subsequently  sold  to  the  Port  Madison  .M'll  Company,  'v  whose  service  she  ended 

her  day.        She  was  named  in  honor  of  Mrs.  R.  I,.  Thorn,    n/r  Addie 

.Smithers,  a  daughter  of  K.  N.  Smitliers  of  Port  Ludlow.     The  steameis 

Lena   C.  dray  and  Fanny  were  also  launched  at  Seattle  in   i>^'4.     The 

rapid  increase  in  the  luariiie  business  on  Puget  Sound  was  indicated  by 

the  number  of  men  engaged  at  this  time.     The  following  persons  were 

granted  licenses  in  the  Seattle   hispec'.i.m    District :     Masters — William  / 

Bailey,  John  B.  Cook,  W.   K.  Cornelius,   James   Doyle,  George  V.  P'ry. 

Theodore   I'reidnian.  William   (.iove    J.   A.   (.'aidiner,  William    Haffncr,  »•    ir^<-      —., 

John  S.   Hill.    H    H.  Hyde,  .Sanuul  Jackson.   S     D.   Libby,  George  D.  _.  /• 

"'J.  W.  Moore,  it  son  01'  Capt.  Willi. un  Moore,  ore  of  the  hest  known  marine 
men  in  the  Northwe^il,  was  bor,?  in  New  Orleans  in  i  "147.  He  lias  been  connecled 
wilh  fill  of  the  steamers  oper.Oe^l  Ity  his  father  ancl  lijis  followeil  the  hnsitiess  in  the 
same  vicinity  for  thi  .y  ye.,?^,  innni''>i  as  jnirser  (ni  the  .  llt'Vtttiilt')',  (it'tltHilt\  (t'lii/^- 
t^h'i\  a'  1  of  late  year;  on  ncnly  all  the  steiimers  of  the  Canadian  raoilie  Xavij^ation 
Company.  \t  the  piesent  lime  he  is  on  the  C/utnnt'y  ml  the  /sltintlt'r,  on  the 
Victoria- \'a;icouver  ronte. 

'"  Capt.  William  Williamson,  wliile  still  a  yonny  man,  is  a  pioneer  in  his  eall- 
iiij^,  and  has  probably  hail  more  ln>;boat  experienee  than  any  nnni  of  his  aj^e  in  the 
Northwest.  He  was  t.-m^ht  steambnalin^  when  a  hoy  by  his  fither.  one  of  the  old 
school  on  Pn^et  Soiiml.  and  ^;rew  up  with  the  business,  before  enterinj^  the  tnj^boat 
service  he  hiid  several 


service  he  h.id  several  years'  experience  on  the  Ct'/lh\  /.  A',  t.ihhv,  an<l  other  jtioneer 

craft.     W  ditferent  times  he  comnnuided  all  of  the  i'(»rt  (rainble  tnjj;boats,  an<l  was 

the  last  master  ol'  the  veTicral)le  <io/i<ili,  having  eharf;e  of  that  ancient  ste.'oner  for 

'■■ "■■      ^' '•■•-  ■'•"  '  ■■'■■■' • >■  -r  final  lay-olT.  Captain  Williamson 

ip  Comit.iny  as  pilot  on  the  steamer 

•,  and  ol^  the  steamers  hiaho  and  iU'oixt-  /:'.  Stan \  operated  by  tile  saute  com 

•cessful  as  was  that  of  his  father,  and  lie  enjoys  the  reputation  of  being  one  ■ 


..„    .._  .  ^_ •  fc 

six  yej'rs.     .Soon  after  the  i'lOliah  was  yiven   her  final  lay-olT.  Captain  WiUiamsoi 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Northwestern  Steamship  Comit.iny  as  pilot  on  the  steamer 
/\*('V(;//('.  on  wdiicli  he  occasionally  ran  as  master 
Captain  Williamson's  career  has  been  full\-  as  s 
most  skillful  navigators  on  the  inland  se 


CAl'l.   W.I. 1.1  \M    W11.I.I.VMS 


my. 
1  the 


Willamette  River  Locks  Completed,  Charter  Rates  of  the  Lumber  Fleet 


219 


Cam.  \v.  I".  MiNKOi 


MessegiL-,  James  Nugent,  Frank  Parker,  J.  G.  Parker,  Francis  M.  Sargent,  John  A.  Suffern,  H.  A.  Starr,  Charles 
G.  Trvi'.  Thomas  F.  Kinney,''  W.  E.  Wilson,  Thomas  J.  Wilson,  Thomas  A.  Wright.  Pilots— George  Browner, 
la.sper  linker,  Thomas  Drennan,  John  Cosgrove,  Charles  K.  Clancey,  David  H.  Hill.  John  H.  Lil'hy,  John  A. 
McCo>,  W.  1".  Munroe,  Daniel  Morri.soti.  Hiram  J.  Olney,  Henry  Smith,  William  Williamson,  Chris  Williams, 
Alfred  Waite.  Engineers — Robert  Airey,  John  Urnne,  Jacob  Hranwell,  Peter  Hoyle,  Thomas  Cnllen,  Charles 
Clarke,  Henry    Denny,   Henry    Duane,  William    Daly,    A.    R.    Francis,    Michael    Foley,   Tclles  Jensen,    lames 

Griffiths.  T.  D.  Hinkley,  John  K.  Halstead,  Patrick  Hickey,  James  Hart, 
Ira  G.  Harmon.  Hen  T.  Jones,  John  Keiniedy,  George  Kelly,  Deiniis 
Lawlor,  Thomas  Lewis.  A.  H.  Manning,  W.  V.  Mnnroe,''  Charles  Mong, 
Jeremiah  McGiU.  John  McMann,  Fred  Peterson,  William  Perkins,  S.  Rock- 
feller,  William  Spie.scke,  John  Smith,  Adam  Schooder,  I'rancis  Tuttle, 
P.  Van  Tassell,  J.  R.  Williani.son,  Madi.son  Welch,  James  Wallace,  J.  T. 
Williamson,  William  iJell,  James  linrns,  William  Campbell,  O.  O.  Denny, 
William  Jack.son,  William  Keiiwortliy.  Charles  I.avvson,  Henry  Lewis, 
M.  S.  Norton.  H.  H.  Pyne,  W.  H.  Philli|..s,  Thomas  Robinson,  George  G. 
Swan,''  Charles  W.  Smith.  W.  F.  Tudor,  Charles  Vickers.  John  Watkins, 
Michael  Wallux,  .\lfred  Waite.  Mates  -William  Alkin.son,  James  Hassett, 
John  Campbell,  A.  F.  Chandler,  Louis  Downes,  Joseph  ICllis,  William  Gar- 
rick,  S.  IC.  Harris,  Daniel  J.  Huntley,  William  Hayter,  George  W.  Xoyes, 
Cyrus  Orr,  Julius  Olney,  John  Thompson,  James  W.  Tarte, "  Alfred  Wellfare. 
The  largest  sailing  vessel  yet  constructed  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was 
launched  at  Coos  Bay  in  kSj^.  and  was  a  production  in  every  way  worthy  of 
the  State  which  claimed  her.  She  was  christened  \\'<sltiii  Slioir,  was  one 
hundred  and  eighty-six  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  hold,  and  registered  1,1, SS 
tons.  She  cost  $So,oo(>,  A.  .NL  Simp.sou  owning  one-half,  T.  H.  Knowles 
and  Capt.  J.  W.  Mc.\llep  one-eighth  each,  and  San  Francisco  jiarties  the 
other  fourth.  No  sailing  vessel  ever  .set  afloat  on  the  Coast  made  such  a 
remarkable  record  for  speed.  In  1875  she  left  San  Francisco  a  few  minutes  behind  the  steamer  (^r/VAf/// we  and 
arrived  in  .\~toria  two  and  one-half  hours  ahead,  making  the  trip  in  a  trifle  over  two  days.  .\  year  later  she 
established  another  record  by  sailing  from  Pt>rtland  to  Liverpool  in  one  hundred  and  one  days,  and  the  next  year 
made  the  trip  to  the  same  port  from  San  Franci.sco  in  one 
hiiiulred  and  three  days,  returning  in  one  hundred  and  ten. 

Ciijit.  Thomas  !•".  KiniR'>-  was  hdrii  in  VaruiDiitli.  Nova  Scotia, 
ill  iS^i),  Weill  to  sea  al  tlie  a^e  of  u-ii.  and  al  t-ij^Iitet'ii  w.'is  mate  of  ii 
West  Imlia  hri>;.     He  arrived  ill  San  I-'ranci-^eo  from   l.i\erpool  in    1S51. 
;iii(l,  iifter  a  short  slay  al  tlie  mines,  hecame  master  of  tlie  steamer  Mat  i- 
t'Osii  between  .San  I-'raiicisco  and  Slool<ton.     He  then  went  whaling  for  a 
short  lime,  ami  in   1S54  ami   iS55  was  male  on  the  harks  /iinfthitni  ami 
Chill, filiniy'm  the  Inmlier  trade  hctweeii  San  l-raneiseo  and  l'ni;et  .Sound. 
He  sut)sei|iieiitly  retnnied  to  the  deeji-water  traile,  lull  went  to  San  I'raii- 
cisco  ill  iSiiS  and  worlied  there  and  at  tlie  Hare  I-^'iml  Navy  Yard  until 
1^74,  when    he   returned.   u>    l'iij»et    ."-^oiiihI   and    lan    as   master   of   the 
schooner  .SV/(>,i  /-/r,  crnisiii^  in  that  region  for  ahout  i-iyhl  years.     He 
sold  tile  schooner  in  1SS2  ai'.i   etired,  and  now  lives  at  Conpeville,  Wash. 
'Capl.  W.  V.  Mnnroe  .■ommenced  .sleamli-iatiiij;  in   1S71  when 
(jliite  a  hoy  and  gradually  work  m1  his  way  to  the  •'.out  rank.      lie  was  a 
stepson  of  Captain  llriltain  ami  was  inteiesled    .1  various  lime>  in  sev- 
eral of  tile  s'.eamers  plying  t>n  Tie  Sonnd,  tVe  steamer  //'.  /•'.  J/iintt't' 
Iieiiii^  named  for  him.     .-Xt  the  ti»,'t'  of  his  tiealh  in    iSSi  he  was  the 
owiut  of  the  fanions  /.   />'.   /.ibhy.     t.:   1' Si  his  health  heyaii  to  fiil, 
liaviiiL;  heen  broken  hv  exposure,  and  he  went   to  California  in   May 
with  his  family  in  .search  of  relief,  which  he  failed  to  find.     He  slaiteil 
lor  Se.iltle  in  jnne  on  the  steamship  I'mahtLt,  lail  liied  before  reach- 
iiij;  home. 

C.eor^e  (',.  .Swan,  en>;iiieer.  was  horn  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1S52. 
went  to  the  Sound  in  187.).  and  with  I..  Henderson  hini),'ht  the  steam 
scow  ( ',//<//,;/.  which  thev  ran  for  ahont  four  years  as  a  tVeii^lil  boat. 
Since  Uiit  time  Mr.  Swan  li.is  been  engineer  on  a  number  of  ,Sonml 
foals.  Before  slartinj;  West  he  ran  as  second  enjiineer  on  the  Chippewa 
ami  \\.m  Claire  Rivers.     He  is  al  present  resiilitiH  at  Seattle. 

''Capt.  James  W.  Tarte  was  horn  in  ICn^land  in  iS.jg  and  eame  lo 
I'u«cl  Sound  in  i.Shv  His  first  marine  work  was  with  a  sloop  carrying 
pa.sseii^ers  between  Victoria  and  I-!s(|niniall.  He  remained  there  until 
IS6<).  when  he  removeil  to  IlelliiiKham  Hay  ami  joined  the  schooner 
('(''tt'iih'  //iiinr].  He  was  afterward  nnite  on  the  steamers  ('ofhiv, 
S(ilh\  l,!ili,\  /',\/iii/r/(  and  other  small  vessels.  He  was  mate  and  pilot 
with  i.,ii<t.  Tom  Wright  on  the  steamer  /-^/iztt  Ainlnson  riinninj.(  lo  New 

Westiiiaisler,  and  afterward  took  charge  of  her,  opening;  the  route  from  Seattle  to  Vort  Moody,  as  VanconAer  w 
He  r-.i  lined  this  trade  niilil  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navi>;ation  Company  placed  the  I'liiiiiiy  an  the  same  run,  am 
to  oper.iie  Ihe  A" <"'ii//j,'/"/ between  Seattle.  I'orl  .-Vn^eles  and  \'ictoria.  He  left  this  route  to  cany  the  mail  hetwcei 
anil  Blaine  with  lite  steamer  />ii<i\  which  he  has  handled  in  this  trade  for  several  years.  Captain  Tarte  has  alwav^ 
of  eiiti  rtaininj;  a  certain  number  of  school  children  on  a  free  excursion  every  Sulnrday,  and  for  that  reason  i 
steam'  1  itman,  e.speeially  with  the  young  people. 


MAS  J    Wilson 


as  the 
I  then 
I  New- 
made 
a  ver 


n  known, 
w  iilidrew 
Whatcom 
a  practice 
y  popular 


1    il 


>i! 


'I'M. 


I  [  i 


•1 

( I 


I  ' 


u>\j 


220 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwest 


CaPT.   JAMI-S   W.   TaRIK 


In  addition  to  her  sailing  qualities  she  had  an  enormous  carrying  capacity,  but  was  never  considered  a  lucky 
ship.     She  waj  wrecked  July  9,  1878,  on  Duxbury  Reef. 

The  experiment  of  shipping  wheat  from  Astoria  was  first  made  in  1874,  R.  C,  Kinney  &  Sons  dispatching 
the  British  ship  Veriiion/.  The  British  ship  .lliquois,  the  Cilv  of  Dublin  and  the  Frank  X.  Thayer  also  loaded 
cargoes  at  the  salt-water  port.  The  Columbia  River  grain  fleet  was  much  larger  than  ever  before  and  included 
fifty  British  barks,  fifteen  British  .ships,  five  American  ships,  five  American  barks,  one  Norwegian  slii]),  four 
Norwegian  barks,  and  five  French  barks.  The  river  at  this  period  had  a  bad 
reputation,  and  none  but  small  vessels  were  sent  there.  Of  this  fleet,  the  largest 
was  the  British  ship  Prince  Charlie,  registering  1,346  tons,  but  eight  of  the 
arrivals  were  over  1,000  tons,  twenty  under  500  and  forty -four  under  600  tons, 
the  smallest  being  the  British  bark  Reindeer,  291  tons  burden.  These  vessels 
were  handled  on  the  river  by  the  steamers  Ben  /folladay,  Annie  Slewarl,  Favorite 
and  Shoo  Fly.  The  sloops,  scows  and  schooners  which  for  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  had  been  engaged  in  business  on  the  Astoria  and  Skipanon  routes 
were  succeeded  in  1874  by  the  steamer  R'alala,  christened  in  honor  of  a  Clatsop 
chief  She  was  built  at  Astoria  liy  Capt.  J.  G.  Hustler,  a  veteran  pilot,  and 
Edward  Hughes,  a  purser  on  Holladay's  steamers.  W.  L.  Pool  was  her  first 
master,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  Frank  Stevens  and  Eugene  Brock.  The  people 
who  made  their  annual  pilgrimage  to  the  seashore  were  not  so  numerous  at  this 
early  day,  and  the  Katata  failed  to  clear  expen.ses,  and  was  sold  to  Lienenweber, 
the  canner,  who  used  her  for  transporting  salmon.  In  1879  her  machinery  was 
removed,  and  the  engines  were  placed  in  the  steamer  Tom  Morris,  subsequently 
renamed  La  Camas,  where  they  are  still  doing  duty.  The  Katata  amounted  to  but  little  as  a  steamboat, 
but  as  the  pioneer  on  the  Skipanon  route  she  will  always  be  remembered  by  the  Clatsop  beach  visitors  of 
twenty  years  ago. 

Shipbuilding  on  Puget  Sound  had  pas.sed  the  experimental  stage  several  years  prior  to  1874,  bnt  in  that 
year  a  specialty  was  made  of  sailing  vessels.  At  Port  Ludlow,  Hall  Brothers  launched  the  Annie  Gee,  a  schooner 
of  154  tons  register:  length,  one  hundred  and  five  feet ;  beam,  thirty  feet ;  depth  of  hold,  eight  and  one-half  feet. 
This  was  the  first  vessel  constructed  by  Hali  Brothers  and  was  followed  by  the  Ellen  J.  Mck'innon,  a  seventy-ton 
schooner,  and  the  Tu'llixht  and  Jessie  Xirkerson,  twins,  each  of  184  tons  register,  one  hundred  and  twelve  feet 
long,  thirty  feet  beam,  and  nine  feet  hold.  The  three-masted  topsail  schooner  Pio  Benito,  registering  277  tons, 
was  al.so  completed  by  them  at  Ludlow  in  1874.  The  Annie  Gee  and  T-uilight  are  still  engaged  in  the  coasting 
trade.    Among  the  fast  passages  made  by  the  coasting  fleet  in  1874  was  a  record-breaking  run  of  the  bark  Samoscl. 

Captain  Martin,  from  Taconia  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, where  she  discharged  425,000  feet  of 
lumber,  loaded  11,000  packages  of  mer- 
chandise for  the  return  trip,  and  arrived  at 
T.aconia,  January  ,^ist,  in  twenty  days  and 
twelve  hours,  beating  the  best  time  by  one 
and  one-half  days.  On  the  u])  trip  she  cov- 
ered 254  miles  in  one  day.  The  barkenline 
Portland,  launched  at  Coos  Bay  the  preceding 
year,  made  the  run  from  San  Franci.sco  to 
Astoria  in  three  days,  beating  the  steamship 
Orijlammc.  The  American  ship  Colusa  sailed 
from  .San  Francisco  to  Royal  Roads  in  three 
days  and  .seventeen  hours.  The  Nanaimo 
coal  trade  furnished  employment  to  a  con- 
siderable number  of  sailing  vessels  in  1S74, 
and  the  rates  of  four  and  one-half  and  five 
dollars  per  ton  were  sufliciently  high  to  make 
the  business  very  profitable.  The  nuim  nms 
additions  to  the  coasting  fleet  did  not  cm  eed 
in  number  the  vessels  which  met  with  disaster  and  went  out  of  service.  One  of  the  most  valuable  among  tlio.se 
making  their  last  port  was  the  old  steamship  Prince  Alfred,  which  Rosenfeld  &  Bermingham  had  been  opciviing 
as  a  mail  steamer  on  the  Victoria  route.  She  came  to  grief  in  Potato  Cove,  near  the  Golden  Gate,  during  a  ■ 
fog,  June  14th.  She  struck  on  Duxbury  Reef  and  slid  ofl'  with  a  large  hole  in  her  bottom  ;  and,  althon? 
of  her  pumps  were  started,  there  were  three  feet  of  water  in  the  engine-room  within  twenty-eight  minutes,  ,1 
rapidly  as  possible  she  was  run  for  the  shore,  striking  among  the  rocks  in  the  cove  about  three  hundred 
from  the  beach,  \<'here  she  soon  went  to  pieces.  The  passengers,  crew  and  mail  were  landed  in  safety,  1mi 
wreck  was  so  complete  that  it  only  brought  S350. 


\  'y\ 


Sim-   ■' W'KSTKk.N   SlKIKK" 


n.se 
all 
las 
rds 
the 


Willamette  River  Locks  Completed,  Charter  Rates  of  the  Lumber  Fleet 


221 


Steamer  "  Katata  ' 


Tlie  American  ship  Panther,  Captain  Balcli,"  was  the  first  of  the  fleet  to  perish  in  1874.  She  left  Nanairao, 
Janiiar>  17th,  in  tow  of  the  tug  Goliah,  and  while  passing  through  Haro  Straits  a  strong  head  wind  and  a 
blindinv;  snowstorm  forced  the  tug  to  cast  her  off.  The  ship  struck  a  rock,  rising  several  feet  out  of  the  water  and 
bountliiis  over  it.  She  then  ran  before  the  wind  up  Swanson  Channel  to  Salt  Spring  Island,  intending  to  make 
fast  there,  but  the  wind  sent  her  acrcss  the  bay,  where  she  struck  a  rock  off  Narrow  Island,  filled  and  listed 
oiitboanl.  with  her  starboard  rail  out  of  water  at  low  tide.  The  crew  e.scaped  to  the  island,  but  the  Goliah  was 
unable  to  locate  them  and  returned  to  report  the  loss  of  the  ship  at  Port  Gamble,  where  Penhallow, '"  the  mate, 
now  a  well  known  coasting  captain,  went  the 
next  (lay  to  notify  the  owners  in  San  Francisco.  ^ 

The  underwriters  sent  up  appliances  and  spent 
thirty  (lays  trying  to  raise  her.  She  had  1,750 
tons  of  coal  on  board,  which  was  practically  a 
total  loss,  and  the  sails  and  rigging  were  all  that 
was  saved  from  the  vessel.  The  Paiit/ur  was 
owned  by  Pope   &   Talbot   and  was  valued  at 

j20,0OO. 

The  French  brig  ,S'/(//',  Captain  Cometoux, 
from  Sail  Francisco  for  Portland  under  charter  to 
load  grain  for  Morgan  &  .Son,  ran  ashore  at  the 
foot  of  Sand  Island,  March  ist.  She  pas.sed  out 
of  the  harbor  on  February  14th,  experiencing  a  strong  gale  during  the  first  few  days  and  a  very  thick  fog  later. 
An  observation  was  taken  March  1st,  and  the  captain  discovered  that  his  vessel  was  dangerously  close  to  the 
month  of  the  river,  with  a  strong  current  .setting  in.  He  attempted  to  stand  off  and  wait  for  a  pilot,  but  was 
unable  to  do  so  because  of  unfavorable  winds  ;  and,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  he  had  never  entered  the  river 
before,  lie  squared  away  for  the  bar  at  3:30  v.  11.,  crossing  in  safety,  but,  in  making  the  turn  at  the  foot  of  vSand 
Island,  the  wind  died  out  and  the  vessel  drifted,  dragging  her  anchor.  At  7:30  the  tug  Ih-cnham  arrived,  but  the 
high  sea  prevented  her  rendering  assistance,  although  the  brig  did  not  strike  until  10:00  p.  m.  When  the  tide 
went  out  the  crew  walked  ashore  on  Sand  Island,  the  vessel  being  high  and  dry  at  low  tide.  The  Sidi  was  a  new 
brig  of  376  tons,  launched  but  eight  months  before,  and  was  insured  for  $30,000.  The  underwriters  sold  her  to 
George  W.  Warren,  George  Woods,  G.  W.  Raymond,  Captain  Hill  of  the  ( '.  /.  Breuham,  Capt.  William  Koerner, 
and  F.  C.  Carr,  who  succeeded  in  floating  her  at  comparatively  small  exp(.iise.     She  was  then  repaired  and  sent 

to  Knappton,  where  she  loaded  lumber  for  San  Francisco.  She  was 
rechristened  the  Sea  (/■((//.  and  was  sold  to  George  W.  Hume,  from 
whom  she  was  purcl  i  by  .'^au  Francisco  parties,  who  operated  her 
in  the  trade  between  'lancisco  and   Australia,  where    Capt.  S 

Simousen'-' .sailed  her  for  , me  > cars.  Tlic  American  bark  CV/;/.*',!/-/;,; 
Mitchell,  Capt.  Theodore  R.  Airey."  from  San  Francisco  for  Port 
Madison,  ran  ashore  on  Dungenes-  ^jut  during  a  snow-torm,  March 
2d.  The  bark  was  in  ballast  with  the  exc  ptioii  of  thirt  five  tons  of 
hay,  and  carried  one  pas.senger  and  a  crew  of  ton.  John  Mackenzie, 
John  Sveusou  and  John  Brown  were  drowned.      The  light-ki-epers 


issi,  « 

Coliiiiil 
for  t\\(i 
has  siih 

when-  I 
was  til- 

n,fci! 


^•Caiit.  Joliu  W.  BiiU-li  was  lioin  in  Maine  in  1S34,  aii.l  ^peut  the  first  years 
of  his  marine  exiierieiice  l)el\veeii  Kiiropeaii  and  .Mlantic  i  , 1st  ports.  He  came 
to  San  rraiicisfo  in  iSdS,  and  has  liecii  coastiiif;  most  of  the  nine  since.  After  the 
loss  of  tlie  /\intht'f  lie  ran  in  the  coal  Ir.ide,  willi  the  o.ceptinTi  c»f  occasional 
Inmber  cargoes  from  the  Sonnd.  He  is  at  present  in  command  of  the  ship  /oAw 
A.  l>n'i;]t^s,  between  Nanaimo  and  San  Francisco. 

'"Capt.  I).  H.  P.  renhallow  was  horn  in  Honoluln  in  I.Sjs  :d  ill  1S60 
conimenceil  his  marine  career  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  lu-  .r.-  .i  in  1872  as 
mate  on  the  shi])  Poiif/ier,  remained  with  her  for  a  year,  an'  ;en  appointed 

master  of  tlie  //'.  C".  /'«»/•,  going  from  her  to  the  hark  Hnoa  ..i<ot.  He  sailed 
the  Talbot  for  six  years  and  then  took  the  harkentine  /h'.sini,  iv.  Since  then  he 
has  had  clia.ge  of  the  schooner  .Inn,  harkentine  Juiirka,  I'laiiiii;  C.  J).  Hivaiil. 
Robert  Leweis  and  .lliee  Coolc,  having  commanded  the  latter  since  her  construc- 
tion. Captain  Penhallow  has  had  twenty-one  years'  e-xperience  as  master  on  the 
Pacific  Const,  and  before  this  was  for  a  hiiig  iiine  in  tlie  employ  of  the  British 
India  Steam  Navigation  Company,  niiining  to  Singapore  and  Bombay.  He  also 
served  for  a  short  time  on  the  I'acific  Mail  steamers. 
'Capt.  S.  SinioiLsen  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S49,  and  was  engaged  on  sailing  vessels  in  dilTerent  parts  of  the  world  until 
lun  he  went  to  San  I'raiicisco  and  took  command  of  the  brig  Sen  ll'iiif,  formerly  the  Siili,  wreckeil  at  the  mouth  of  the 
la.  He  saileil  this  vessel  until  18S9,  and  was  then  appointecl  admiral  in  a  Central  .American  Navy,  retaining  that  position 
vears  and  then  retiring  from  the  water  for  the  same  length  of  time.  In  1S91  he  look  charge  of  the  bark  Oriole,  which  lie 
I  sailed  in  the  coasting  trade. 

^  apt.  Theodore  R.  Airey  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S46.     His  first  work  on  the  I'acific  Coast  was  in   1865  on  the  hark  Ocean, 

'■  served  as  mate  for  two  years,  leaving  her  for  the  bark  LeoPiorc,  on  which  he  remained  ft>r  three  years.     His  next  vessel 

l-'oiliiitiibo,  sailing  with  her  for  thirteen  years,  during  seven  of  which  he  was  in  coniinand.     He  was  master  of  the  ship 

'her  Mitchell  for  four  years  before  she  ended^her  days  and  then  returned  to  the  Co(i»itnbo,  and  from  her  went  to  the  bark 

remaining  until  18S7,  when  he  was  given  charge  of  the  harkentine  J.  M.  Griffith,  where  he  is  still  engaged. 


Cait.  John  W.  IIai-ch 


i\S 


IH  ia 


i  m 


i      V 


222 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


at  Dungeness  succeeded  in  rescuing  the  rest  and  cared  for  them  until  the  steamer  Politko/sky  took  them  to 
Port  Townsend.  The  loss  was  estimated  at  $6,oo<i.  The  steamer  Diana,  famed  in  the  early  aiinals  of 
British  Columbia  steamboating,  was  wrecked  January  7tli  south  of  Cape  Flattery,  while  en  route  fiom  San 
Francisco  to  the  Sound.  The  steamer  went  ashore  near  the  (Juiniault  Indian  Reservation  during  a  tliick  fog, 
and,  as  she  was  of  light  draft,  she  ran  far  enough  upon  the  beach  to  prevent  loss  of  life.  The  machinery  was 
afterward  saved.  The  captain  had  a  crew  of  three  men  and  was  accompanied  by  his  daughter.  The  steam  tug 
Sedalia,  built  in  November,  1873,  burned  on  the  Columbia  River,  near  Kalama,  July  1st,  loss  $10,000.  The 
bark  Scotland,  Captain  Glidden,  a  well  known  coaster,  .sailed  from  Puget  Sound  early  in  the  year,  and  nothing 

was  ever  heard  of  the  crew,  although  the  bark  was  found  wrecked  on  an 
island  off  the  coast  of  Japan.  The  American  bark  lidwin.  Captain  Hughes, 
from  Ut.saUidy  for  Adelaide,  left  the  Straits,  December  ist,  and  became  water- 
logged three  days  later.  The  captain's  wife  and  two  children  and  the  Chinese 
cook  were  washed  overboard  and  drowned.  Captain  Hughes  and  eight  men 
climbed  to  the  foretop,  where  they  remained  for  three  days,  with  the  sea 
breaking  over  the  vessel  constantly.  The  Edwin  finally  drifted  ashore  near 
Hesijuiat,  at  the  identical  place  where  the  John  liriif/it  had  been  ost  a  few- 
years  l)efore.  The  survivors  were  taken  off  the  wreck  by  some  Indians  who 
came  out  in  a  canoe.  The  next  morning  the  body  of  Mrs.  Hughes  wa.s 
washed  up  on  the  beach.  The  crew  were  taken  to  Victoria  by  the  scliooner 
.llcrl.  Captain  Christen.sen. 

The  schooner  Eli-a,  which  sailed  from  Coos  Bay  in  1873  with  eighteen 
people  and  a  cargo  of  lumber  and  coal,  was  abandoned  and  subseciuently 
picked  up  and  towed  into  the  Straits  of  Fuca  early  iu  1874  by  the  tugs 
(irapfiler  and  Isabe/.  She  had  previously  been  sighted  by  Her  Majesty's  ship 
Iloxcr,  which  had  attempted  to  sink  her  and  had  fired  a  few  shots  before  the 
tugs  took  hold  of  her.  The  schooner  Laura  May,  from  San  Francisco  to  Coos  Bay,  was  wrecked  about  six  miles 
north  of  the  bar  during  a  thick  fog.  The  .schooner  /<•»///(•  Tlielin,  in  endeavoring  to  sail  into  Coos  Bay  in  March, 
.struck  on  the  bar  and  was  beached  on  North  Spit.  The  captain  of  the  tug  had  warned  her  ma.ster  not  to  make 
the  attempt,  but  his  advice  was  not  heeded.  When  the  Tliclin  was  half  way  in  the  wind  failed,  and  ihe 
commenced  to  drift,  striking  within  a  few  minutes.  vSlie  was  owned  by  Beedle  &  Co.  of  San  Francisco  and 
insured  for  $8,000.  Captain  Mc.\llep  of  ICastport  purchased  the  wreck  from  the  underwriters  for  5i,,^oo,  and  she 
was  afterward  repaired  and  put  into  commission.  The  United  States  transport  schooner  Margaicl  was  driven 
ashore  on  the  coast  of  Alaska  in  March  and  became  a  total  wreck.  Captain  Harri.son  and  three  men  reached 
shore  in  safety,  but  narrowly  escaped  death  at  the  hands  of  the  Indians. 


CAi'T.  William  II.  Kokr-nkk 


s:  , 


^ 


«5;^\ 

i^c-^-^s- 

rxi^ 

5^5'*?:  ■. 

>,    ! 


CHAPTER   XI. 

I.dss  OF  TiiH  Stkamshii'  "  Pacific"— Till-:  Disastrous  Ykak  1.S75— Ivxpi.osion  ok  Stka.mkk  '  Sknatok  " 
— Wii.i.AMKTTi!  Transportation  &  Locks  Comi-any  —  Orkc.on  Stkam  Navication  Company 
Acain  on  tiik  \Vii.i.amktte — Stkamkks  "Occidknt"  and  "Okiknt" — Sthamku  "City  ok 
Sai.km" — Ii.wACo  Steam  Navigation  Cojikany— Steamship  Opposition  on  tiik  \'ictokia  Roitk 
—Cassiar  Mining  Kxcitkment— Steamers  "Gi.enora,"  "Gertkide"  and  "Royai.  City" — The 
Great  Run  ok  the  "Western  Shore"  krom  San  Francisco — Fakmeks'  Transportation 
Company — People's  Protective  Transportation  Company— The  "Ocki.ahajia"  and  "  Ai.mota" 
—  Tugs  "Pilot"  and  "  Columhia  " — Willamette  Steamer  "Beaver"  Goes  to  Alaska  — 
Steamships  "George  W.  Elder"  and  "City  ok  Chester"  Arrive  kkom  the  East— Pugkt 
Sound  Transportation  Company— Steamhoat  Routes  on  Puoet  Sound — Tuc.s  "  Tacoma  "  and 
"Alexander" — The  "Cassandra  Adams"  and  Other  Fink  Sailing  \'ess;;i.s  Huilt  on  the 
Sound  ^  PuGET  Sound's  First  Grain  Cargo  —  Loss  ok  the  Hrig  "Pertetua,"  Schooner 
"Trania,"  and  Other  Small  Vessels. 

'ONG  will   be  remembered   the  year  1S75,  wlieii  Death,  clad  in  all  his  hideousiiess,  rode  the 
wave  ;  and,  while  the  relentless  sea  has  supplied  Northwestern  history  with  many  pitiful 
tales  of  disaster,  this  fatal  year  has  never  been  equaled  in  the  number  of  lives  and  amount 
of  property  sacrificed.     No  greater  calamity  was  ever  visited  on  the  people  of  this  Coast 
than   the  loss  of  the  steamship   l\jcifu\  and 
even  at  this  time,   after  a   lap.se   of  twenty 
years,  the  bare  mention  of  her  name  brings 
"a  pallor  into  the  cheek  and  a  mist  before 
the  eye ' '    of  those  whose   loved   ones  went 
forth  on  the  ship   fated  never   to  reach   her 

de.sliiiation.     The  annals  of  steam  navigation  recall  many  calam- 
ities   in   which    the    loss   of    life    has    been    greater.      Splendid 

steamships  have   sailed   away    with   hundreds   of  precious   lives, 

whose  end  could  be  recorded  only  by  the  single  word  "missing" 

on  the  maritime  registers.     Others,  storm-battered,  fire-swept,  or 

criislail   in   collision,   have    lieen   engulfed   in   the  depths  of  the 

ocu.iii,  sparing  only  a  remnant  of  their  human  cargo  to  reach  shore 

and  salLty  :  but,  in  nearly  every  mournful  instance,  the  attendant 

hcartiu'hes  have  been  softened  in  a  degree  by  the  knowledge  that 

every  available  method  of  rescue  had  been  exhausted,  and  that 

the  ixniote   position   of  the  vessel    made   the   fate   of  tlio.se  who 

Iierislml  inevitable.      Different  conditions  surrounded   the  wreck 

of  tin  /'i((7//V,-  no  deadly  gale  screamed  through  her  rigging;    no 

angrv   liillows   curled   over   her  decks.      A  stanch,  well  equipped 

■•iliip  lloated  near  her,  and   the  death  wound  was   received  while 

she  was  yet  .so  near  a  port  of  safety  that  the  body  of  one  of  the 

victims,  a  fair   young  girl,   drifted  almost   to  the  dooryail   that 

she  li  ,!  left,  full  of  life  and  happiness,  a  few  hours  before.     These 

iuciili.i;is,  the   recollection    of  which   is  forever  reopening  heart  wounds  among  tho.se  who  are  lefl  to  grieve, 

h.ivc  made  the  wreck  of  the  Pacific  unparalleled  in  marine  history. 


H 


Capi,  Ji;iikkm'N  D.  lluwr.ti. 


ii'i 


224 


Lewis  4  Oryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


She  steamed  out  of  Victoria  harbor  on  her  last  trip  at  9:30  a.  m.,  November  4th,  her  decks  fairly  black  with 
people.  The  crew  was  as  follows:  J.  I),  Howell,'  captain;  A.  H.  McDonough,  first  officer;  A.  Wells,  Mcoiitl 
officer  ;  J.  M.  Lewis,  third  officer  ;  H.  F.  Houston,'  chief  engineer  ;  1).  M.  Bassett,  first  assistant ;  A.  J.  Coj^lilan, 
second  assistant;  ().  Hyte,  Jr.,  purser;  T.  H.  Higley,  freight  clerk;  James  ^estrange.  Richard  Manders,  James 
O'Neil,  and  one  other,  firemen  ;  William  Clancey,  Frank  Palmer,  Charles  Norris,  Richard  Powers,  coal-piissers ; 
Thomas  I.estrange,  Frank  Elwell,  oilers;  R.  Krrickson,  carjienter;  Henry  A.  Xorris,  watchman;  W.  Fairfiekl, 
William  Wilson,  John  Daley,  John  Sherry,  Peter  Jamie.son,  Lawrence  Guinn,  Thomas  Kerby.  Patrick  Moore, 
Neil  Henley,'  and  one  other,  seamen;  John  Martin,  S.  McNicols,  H.  Jackson,  .stewards;  J.  M.  Holdswortli, 
S.  Miles,  C.  H.  Whiting,  cooks ;  Thomas  Molloy,  baker  ;  Robert  T.  Menaimo,  porter  ;  Richard  Heli,  C.  H.  Herbert, 
Daniel  Monroe,  pantrymen  ;  Charles  Kisenor,  Andrew  Walters,  J.  C.  Meza,  Alfred  York,  Oscar  Clare,  I.uke 
McMerim,  John  Hardie,  James  Johnson,  James  McGinnis,  waiters ;  Sarah  Minow,  stewardess.  The  exact  number 
of  passengers  is  unknown,  as  many  embarked  without  tickets  a  few  moments  l)efore  the  steamer  sailcil.  The 
following  persons  were  known  to  have  been  on  board  :  J.  Ilellmute  and  wife,  Mrs.  Mahon  and  child,  H.  C.  X'ictor, 
Fred  D.  Hard,  J.  T.  Vining,  C.  B.  David.son  and  wife,  T.  Allison,  William  Maxwell.  A.  Robbins,  O.  Mcl'lierson, 
B  Wood,  John  Tarnett,  M  Wilson.  A.  Lang,  J.  McLanders,  J.  Fitzgerald,  C.  Chisholm,  J.  S.  Webster,  W  illiam 
Polley,  H.  Cline,  W.  Waldron,  G.  Gribell.  John  McCormack,  Isaac  Webbs,  Cal  Mandeville,  wife  and  child, 
F.  Garesche,  C.  Somers,  J.  Foster,  J.  H.  Sullivan,  J.  W.  Doyle.  J.  Kennedy,  William  Powell,  ,S.  Nichleson, 
James  H.  Webb,  Edward  Shephard,  George  Hry.son,  Richard  TurnbuU,  Charles  .Smith,  A.  L.  Rainey,  F.  K.  Meyer, 
J.  Thompson,  P.  Canty,  Adam  Foster,  R.  Lyon,  George  Bird,  J.  McLaughlin.  William  Champion,  William 

Power,  John  Renalley,  I'.  I,. 
Chapman,  William  Am  miss, 
William  Purdary,  John  G.Todd. 
Doc  Young,  J.  Congdoii.  A. 
Frazer.  Miss  X.  Reynolds,  Mrs. 
Moote.  Edward  H.  Pooley,  Mrs. 
S.  Styles  and  child,  C.  B.  Fair- 
banks, A.  B.  Otway,  J.  F. 
Johnston,  John  Cochrane.  T.  J. 
Ferrill.  J.  Cahill,  William  Wills, 
Mi.ss  Fanny  Palmer,  Mrs.  Law- 
son,  James  Lennings,  I).  C. 
Mclntyre,  Captain  and  Mrs. 
Parsons  and  cnild,  \\V  J.  Ferry, 
Thomas  Smith,  S.  P.  Moody.  M. 
Somers,  John  Watson,  R.  Hud- 
son, E.  P.  Atkins,  R.  I.ay/elle, 
John  Lee,  George  Morton,  John 
.Sampson.  George  Heme,  G. 
Journeaux,  Jo.seph  Haverly  and 
wife.  Dennis  Kane,  C.  N.  Miles. 
J.  Creden.  J.  Pettier.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  Keller  and  child,  John  Tarbet.  T.  J.  Robinson.  George  Skippon.  V..  T 
Jaynes,  Mrs.  Hurlburt,  Richard  Cochrane.  B.   F.  Gretz,  Richard  Waldron,  Rockwell  and   Hurlburt  troupe,  and 


Stkamshji* 


'Capt.J.  D.  Howell,  coinmander  of  the  I'luijic,  was  a  hrotlier-in-law  of  the  late  Jefferson  Davis,  ami  was  horn  in  Natiliez, 
Miss.,  in  1S41.  He  was  eilnealed  at  .•\nna])olis,  anil  served  as  inidshipiiian  under  Counnodores  'fneker  and  Talbot  .al  Cliarlcsioii, 
S.  C  ,  in  the  James  River  stpiadron  under  Cai)tains  Wood,  Tarkcr  and  Hunter,  ami  afterward  at  Charleston  under  Comnioilcire 
Tueker  in  charge  of  a  picket  hoat.  After  the  fall  of  Charleston  he  was  a  lieutenant  of  artillery  in  the  naval  hrigade  under  CiuL-ral 
Seninies,  formerly  of  the  Confederate  Navy,  was  surrendered  under  General  lice's  cartel,  joined  Jefferson  Davis  at  Washington,  ('iji., 
was  with  him  at  the  time  of  his  capture,  and  was  then  imprisoned  at  Fortress  Monroe,  where  he  was  held  for  some  time.  KdiMseil, 
he  went  to  Savannah,  (*,a.,  where  lie  was  a^ain  imprisoned.  Thence  he  joined  his  brother  in  Camida  and  accompanied  lum  to 
England.  Returning  hy  way  of  Portland.  Me.,  he  was  agaiu  arrested  and  sent  to  port  Warren,  where  he  was  detained  for  .1  fiw 
weeks  and  released.  He  then  returned  to  Canada  ami  thence  to  New  York,  where  he  went  to  sea  before  the  mast.  Returnin.i^,  lie 
was  en^ajjed  with  I'omeroy  on  the  New  York  .\V,-i.(.  Tiring  of  this,  he  saileil  as  quartermaster  on  a  ship  bound  for  China,  aii.l  iroui 
there  went  to  San  l'"raiicisco  about  1870  and  entered  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  as  male  ami  misler, 
subsefpiently  of  the  Oregon  Steamship  Company,  and  of  the  North  Pacific  Transportation  Company  as  master  of  the  stcani-liips 
/iliiho,  A/oii/iiiKi,  I'llican  and  others. 

■Henry  I'raiik  Houston,  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  /'iici/ii;  was  born  in  Westphalia,  ('lermany,  in  iSv'v  He  came  t  1  llic 
t'nited  States  when  an  infant  with  his  parents,  and  after  leavinj,'  scliool  was  steamboatiUK  on  the  Hudson  River  until  he  ci'iii'  to 
the  Pacific  Coast,  about  1.S53.  He  was  for  a  lonn  time  in  the  employ  of  the  California  .Steam  Navigation  Company  as  chief  enynieer 
on  their  river  steamers  AVr.'  Il'or/i/,  Cafiilol,  .hiliio/'e,  and  ('/iiyso/w/is,  and  subseipiently  served,  until  the  time  of  his  death,  'ii  llic 
same  eajiaeity  on  nearly  all  of  the  prominent  steamships  riiniiin}^  north  from  San  l-'rancisco. 

'.\rtliur  Jasper  CoKhlan  Wiis  born  in  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.,  about  i.S.sv  He  was  a  son  of  Jasper  Co);lilan  of  the  Inited  States 
and  with  his  father  came  to  the  Coast  aljont  iS6r.  .As  soon  as  he  was  old  enouj^li  he  bewail  running  out  of  San  I-'rancisco 
steamship  trade,  and  when  he  went  down  on  the  Ptitifu'  lielil  llie  position  of  second  engineer. 

'  Neil  Henley,  the  living  survivor  of  the  worst  marine  disaster  that  ever  happened  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  wa.i  horn  in  Si 
in  1854,  and  learned  the  shipbuilder's  trade.  He  sailed  from  KuKtand  to  the  ICast  Indies,  and  eventually  reached  ,San  I'raini 
.\uKust.  i8;,s.  on  the  American  ship  Canada,  joining'  the  steamer  I'acitic  shortly  afterward.  .-Vfter  recoverir.R  from  his  1 
experience,  Henley  was  employed  on  a  number  of  Sound  steamers  until  1877,  his  last  work  there  being  as  mate  on  the  old  si 
/•'t'avfi.  He  then  retired  to  Stcilacoom,  Wash.,  where  he  held  the  position  of  city  marshal  for  several  years,  but  relurneil  1  tlie 
sea  iu  1894,  shipping  as  (juartermaster  on  the  British  steamship  Tacoma  sailing  between  Puget  Sound  and  Hongkong. 


iho 


ml 


il)lc- 
iiier 


/.OS,'  of  the  "Pacific,"  New  Transportation  Companies  on  tho  Willamette  and  Columl)in 


22', 


Hbnry  F.  Hor.sTON 


forty-one  Chinamen.     This  list  shows  a  total  of  about  one  hundred  and  sixtj'  people,  of  which  the  Victoria  agent 

testified  that  he  sold  tickets  for  one  hundred  and  thirty-two,  while  tliirty-five  were  taken  aboard  on  Puget  Sound. 

In  addition  to  these,  it  is  known  that  the  purser  booked  over  twenty  pa.s.sengers  whose  names  were  not  recorded 

on  shore,  and  .several  others  rushed  on  board  a  moment  before  she  pulled  out,  some  even  climbing  over  the  rail 

after  the  gangplank  was  hauled  in.     From  the.se  figures  it  is  evident  that  fully  two  hundred  passengers  were  on 

the  steamer,  a'"d  with  the  crew  a  total  of  over  two  hundred  and  fifty  .souls. 
There  is  a  strong  probability  that  the  number  was  even  greater,  for  at 
that  period  hundreds  of  miners  from  the  Cassiar  district  were  arriving  at 
Victoria  each  day  and  availing  themselves  of  the  first  opportunity  to  go 
below.  Many  left  the  mines  with  a  view  of  reaching  Victoria  if  possible 
on  steamer  day  so  that  their  stay  in  the  city  might  be  brief,  and  no 
record  of  their  presence  is  in  existence. 

After  clearing  the  harbor  the  I\\ciji(  steamed  slowly  down  the 
Straits,  passing  Tatoosh  at  4:00  i".  m.,  with  the  wind  blowing  fresh  from 
the  Eouth  and  a  heavy  swell  rolling.  Against  this  wind  and  swell  she 
made  but  little  progress,  and  .she  was  not  yet  fairly  away  from  the  land 
when,  at  aliout  ten  o'clock,  the  passengers  in  her  crowded  cabins 
experienced  a  sudden  shock,  which,  light  though  it  may  have  .seemed, 
carried  with  it  a  feeling  of  dreadful  apprehension  that  sent  them  flying  to 
the  deck.  Of  what  happened  in  the  following  few  awful  mon'.ents  before 
the  sea  stilled  forever  the  heartrending  cries  of  the  perishing  hundreds, 
there  is  but  one  living  witness,  Neil  Henley,  at  present  living  at  Steila- 
coom.  Wash.,  who  was  a  quartermaster  on  the  steamer,  and  with  the 
exception  of  Henry  K.  Jelley,  a  passenger,  since  deceased,  was  the  only 
survivor.  Henley  was  re.scued  by  the  revenue  cutler  Oliver  ll'o/tv//  after 
floating  for  nearly  eighty  hours  on  a  piece  of  wreckage,  and  Jelley  was 
picked  up  by  the  bark  Messeiif^er  the  second  day  after  the  accident, 
Henley  gives  the  following  account  of  the  calamity  : 

"  I  was   off  watch    and  went   below  at   eight   o'clock,  and  about 

10:00  1'.  M.  was  awakened  by  a  crash,  and  getting  out  of  my  bunk  found  the  water  rushing  into  the  hold  at  a 

furious  rate.     On  reaching  the  deck  all  was  confusion.     I  looked  on  the  starboard  beam  and  saw  a  large  vessel 

under  sail,  which  they  said  had  .struck  the  steamer.     When  I  first  distin- 

gui.sbed  her  .she  was  .showing  a  green  light.     The  captain  and  officers  of  .-■f 

the  steamer  were  trying  to  lower  the  boat.s,  but  the  passengers  crowded 

iu  against  their  commands,  making  taeir  efforts  useless.     There  were 

fifteen  women  and  six  men  in  the  boat  with  me,  but  she  struck  the  ship 

"  d  filled  instantly,  and  when  I  came  'ip  I  caught  hold  of  a  skylight, 

..iiich  soon  capsi/ed.      I  then  swam  to  a   part  of  the   hurricane  deck, 

which   luid   eight  persons  clinging   to  it.     When  I   looked  around  the 

steamer  had   disappeared,  leaving   a   floating   mass   of  human    beings, 

whose  cries  and  screams  were  awful  to  hear  and  the  sight  of  which  can 

never  be  effaced  from  my  memory.     In  a  little  while  it  was  all  over  :   the 

cries  had  cea.sed,  and  we  were  alone  on  the  raft,  which  was  the  part  of  the 

deck  on  which  was  the  wheelhouse.     lieside  myself  the  raft  supported 

the  cn';,uii,  second  mate,  cook  and  four  passengers,  one  of  them  a  young 

lady.     At  i  :oo  A.  51.  the  sea  was  making  a  clean  breach  over  the  raft. 

.\t  4:00  A.  M.  a  heavy  sea  washed  over  us,  carrying  away  the  captain, 

second  mate,  the  lady  and  another  passenger,  leaving  four  of  us  on  the 

raft.     .\t  9:00  A.  M.  the  cook  died  and  rolled  ofl  into  the  sea.     At  4:00 

I'.  M.  the  mist  cleared  away,  and  we  saw  land  about   fifteen    miles   off. 

We  also  saw  a  piece  of  wreckage  '•  'Mi  two  men  on  it.     At  5:00  r.  m. 

auotlier  man  expired,  and  early  the  next  morning  the  other  one  died, 

leaving   nie   alone.      Soon  after  the  death  of  the  last  man  I  caught  a 

floating  box  and  dragged  it  on  the  raft.     It  kept  the  wind  off,  and  during 

the  day  I  slept  considerable.     Ivarly  on  the  morning  of  the  eighth  I  was  rescued  by  the  revenue  cutter  W'o/ioll." 
As  Henley  was  not  awake  at  the  moment  of  the  accident,   and  Jelley,  the  other  survivor,  was  a  landsman 

and  labiiriiig  under  such  great  excitement  that  he  made  a  number  of  conflicting  statements,  just  what  tran.spired 

in  the  list  moments  on  board  the  doomed  ve.s.sel  will  never  be  known  ;  but  according  to  Jelley's  account  the 

steamer  sank  .so  quickly  that  but  one  attempt  was  made  to  launch  a  boat.  Chief  lingineer  Houston  and  Freight 

Clerk  Hagley  succeeding  in  getting  one  over  the  side,  in  which  several  of  the  women  were  placed,  but,  before  it 

could  cle;ir  the  steamer,  the  boat  cap.si/.ed  and  all  were  drowned.     A  baby,  which  a  Mis.  Parsons  carried  in  her 


.^HTIH-R    J.   C04;HLAN 


ij.'.i 


!  I 


!;.  I, 


■I 


fi^^l 


226 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


S|?r 


NMI,  lil;\l.l:\ 


arms,  was  crushed  to  ileatli  before  its  mother  entered  the  boat.     Wlien  the  survivors  reached  Victoria,  and  before 
the  truth  became  known,  the  excitement  was  intense,  and  tlie  sorrow  caused  was  in  a  measure  expressed  by  the 
followinn  editorial  in  t'*^  Victoria   Colonist  of  November  9,  1S75:   "We  have  no  heart  to  dwell  to-day  011  the 
disaster  that  has  hurried  into  eternity  so  many  of  our  fellow-citi/.ens  with  whom  only  a  few  brief  hours  ago  we 
mingled  on  the  streets  or  met  in  the  social  circle,  as  full  of  life,  hope  and  energy  as  any  who  may  read  the  ( 'oloiiisl 
to-day.     The  catastrophe  is  so  far-reaching  that  scarcely  a  hon.sehold  in  \'ictoria  but  has  lost  one  or  more  of  its 
members,  or  must  strike  from  its  list  of  living  friends  a  face  and  form  that  found  ever  a  warm  greeting  within  their 
circle.     A  bolt  out  of  the  blue  could  not  have  cau.sed  more  widespread  consterna- 
tion than  the  awful  tidings  spread  far  and  near  yesterday.     In  some  cases  entire 
families  have  been  swept  away,  in  others  fond  wives  returning  from  a  visit  to  their 
childhood's  home  to  meet  husbands  and   children   in  San    h'ranci.sco  have  gone  ^fc. 

down  to  an  early  grave.  In  others,  the  joyous,  happy  maiden,  the  sweet,  inno- 
cent, prattling  babe,  the  banker,  the  merchant,  the  miner,  the  pid)lic  officer, — all, 
all  have  found  a  common  grave  in  a 

'  DreHclfiil  and  tunniltiiouH  linine 
Wide  opening  and  lou<l  roiirinn  still  for  more.' 

"  Whether  the  catastrophe  was  one  that  human  skill  could  have  averted  we 
cannot  now  .say.  All  we  do  know  is  that  a  steamship  carrying  a  cargo  of  i)recious 
lives  has  gone  down  and  that  so  far  as  is  known  only  one  man,  out  of  275  persons 
on  board,  has  been  saved.  We  can  only  express  the  hope  that  the  vessels  now 
flying  like  ministering  angels  to  the  scene  will  return  with  glad  tidings  of  great 
joy  for  .some  of  the  hearts  that  are  now  bowed  down  with  grief" 

I^ater,  when  it  was  learned  that  the  steamer  had  received  injuries  by  a 
collision  with  the  Orpheus.  Captain  .Sawyer,'  srrrow  was  mingled  with  a  bitter 
hatred  toward  the  master  of  the  vessel  which,  it  was  reported,  had  sailed  away  while  the  unfortunate  people 
were  struggling  in  the  water.  So  strong  was  this  sentiment  that  he  would  have  undoubtedly  met  with  .severe 
treatment  had  he  been  in  the  city  at  that  time.  Whether  Sawyer  was  entitled  to  all  the  censure  he  received  has 
always  been  a  question  with  two  .sides.     With  a  view  to  throwing  as  much  light  as  possible  on  the  matter,  the 

following  statement  was  secured  from  Captain  Sawyer  a  short  time 
before  his  death.  In  commenting  on  the  appended  verdict  of  the 
coroner's  jury.  Captain  Sawyer  said  : 

"The  Oi/tlu'iis  was  stccriuj,'  about  north,  keeping  dose  in  to  tile  land,  with 
the  wind  from  the  sonlhwanl,  and  hlowint;  fresh  with  fine  rain,  the  ship  ^um^ 
about  twelve  knots.  Her  head  yards  were  hraeed  sharp  tip  by  the  slarltcirii 
braces,  her  main  and  after  yards  scpiare,  thus  leavinj;  the  shiji  in  Mich  a  position 
that  she  coulil  be  hauled  oiT  .shore  on  a  moment's  notice,  if  aiiylhinj;  came  in 
view.  At  y;;,o  i',  m.  I  left  the  deck  in  charge  of  a  second  mate,  .\llen  1  lliink  liis 
name  was,  with  orders  if  he  saw  anythinj;  to  starboard  the  wheel  and  keep  lier 
head  to  the  northwest,  oflT  shore.  I  went  below  to  consult  the  ch.'irt  and  li.'iil  just 
seated  myself  at  the  table  in  my  caliin  with  my  oil  clothes  011,  luokiii^  at  tlie 
chart,  when  I  heard  the  second  mate  tell  the  man  at  the  wheel  to  starlmanl  his 
helm.  I  looked  up  .at  the  compass  over  my  head  and  saw  that  the  ship's  head 
was  rajiidly  coniinj^  u])  towant  the  northwest.  I  immediately  went  on  deck  and 
asked  the  officer  what  was  the  matter,  and  he  said  there  was  a  linht  dm  the  port 
bow  ;  said  it  was  Tlattery  lij^ht.  I  told  him  it  was  impossible  to  have  p'laHerv 
liKhl  on  that  bow,  and  just  tlien  1  saw  the  MkIiI  on  the  starboanl  bow.  1  let  the 
ship  come  uj)  in  the  wiinl  until  she  headed  to  the  southward  of  west,  and  the  alter 
sails  aback.  My  ship  now  was  comparatively  at  a  standstill,  in  just  such  a  position 
as  I  would  be  if  I  were  KoinK'o  '"''e  a  pilot  on  board.  This  brought  tlie  sleainer's 
llKlit  a  little  forward  tile  starboard  beam.  I  stood  looking  at  her  with  niv  ^'lasses, 
I  did  not  then  think  there  was  Koiny  to  be  a  collision,  but,  as  I  looked  and  saw  no 
clian^e  in  the  course  of  the  steamer,  I  said  to  the  second  mate,  '  She  will  he  into 
us,' though  I  did  not  tliiiik  she  would,  for  I  tlioii),'lit  slie  would  see  us  ami  keep 
off.  I  made  up  my  mind  that  she  would  hit  us,  anil  shortly  afterward  she  hlew 
her  whistle,  and  immediately  struck  us  on  the  starboard  side  in  the  wake  of  the 
main  hatch.  The  blow  wa.s'  a  HkI'I  one.  She  had  eviilently  stopped  licr  eii(,'iucs 
and  was  backing  and  ^ave  us  a  KlanciiiK  blow,  for  she  bounded  olT  and  ajjaiu 
struck  us  at  the  main  topmast  back  stays,  breaking  the  chain  plates.  .She  then 
bounded  olT  and  struck  ns  at  the  mizzeii  to])iiiast  ciiain  plates,  earryinn  i«ay  the 
back  stays  and  bumpkin,  iiiain  and  main  topsail  braces,  leaving  me  coiiipar.itively 
a  wreck  on  the  starboard  side.  liefore  she  blew  her  whistle  my  wife  came  on  deck 
and  stood  by  my  side.  We  could  plainly  see  her  deck  from  the  pilot-house  to  her  bows,  and  not  a  soul  was  to  be  seen  tluic  as  she 
passed  the  stern.  I  hailed  her  and  .asked  her  to  .stand  by  me,  but  she  made  no  reply.  My  w  ife  attempted  to  jump  on  bo, ml  of  her, 
and  would,  had  I  not  grabbed  her.  We  ilrifted  apart,  and  I  tjave  my  attention  to  my  ship  and  ^avc  orders  to  the  mate  I"  cut  the 
lashings  on  boats  and  to  the  carpenter  to  sound  the  pumps.  My  rail  was  broken  from  the  fore  riKK'nK  to  the  main  rif;i;iii.!,'.  The 
first  report  the  carpenter  made  was  that  the  ship  was  half  full  of  water.     I  told  him  to  take  a  light  and  ^o  down  the  fore  li  itch  and 

'  Capt.  Charles  A.  Sawyer  was  born  in  (lloucester,  Mass.,  in  1S39,  and  followed  the  sea  from  boyhood,  rrcviii.i-.  to  the 
terrible  wreck  which  brouKhl  iiim  into  prominence  the  world  over,  he  hail  sailed  but  little  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  .As  so.. 11  as  the 
troubles  attendant  on  that  disaster  subsided,  he  took  eonimand  of  anotlier  vessel,  which  he  sailed  for  several  yen..,  finally 
abandoning'  the  sea  and  settling  at  Port  Townsend,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  October  6,  iSy4  Capt.  Sawye. 
reputation  of  lieinK  a  hard  master,  and  always  had  more  or  less  trouble  with  his  crew,  a  fact  which  is  probably  in  a  larv; 
responsible  for  the  feeling  against  him  at  the  time  of  the  loss  of  the  /'n/ViV.  His  friends,  who  were  by  110  means  few,  li  1  ■ 
contended  that  lie  was  a  deeply  injured  man  and  that  his  actions  on  the  terrible  night  of  November  .),  1875,  were  in  no  w.i 
from  what  could  liave  been  expected  of  any  shipmaster  in  a  similar  crisis. 


C.\l'T.   ClIARl.KS   .\.    SAWVKK 


had  the 
measure 
■  always 
lilfereni 


Loss  of  the  '  'Pacific, "  New  Transportation  Companies  on  the  Willamette  and  Calumljia 


227 


ia,  and  before 
ressod  l)y  the 
lo-diiy  on  the 
ll<)tlr^  ;!(;()  wi 
1(1  tin.'  ( 'i'hiiiil 
)r  nuiio  of  its 
K  witliin  llicir 


irtluiatL-  people 
net  with  severe 
e  received  has 
the  matter,  the 
ir  a  sliort  time 
verdiet  of  the 


to  tile  lallil,  willl 

tile  ship  nuiiii; 

ly  the  slarlinaril 

Mieh  a  iiositioii 

ylhiiiK  eame  in 

'lien  1  lliiiit  hi* 

1  anil  keep  lier 

[irt  anil  lia.l  j\i-t 

lookiiij;  at  llie 

t(i  starlniald  lli- 

tlie  sliiii's  lieail 

nt  on  deck  aiiii 

i^ht  on  llie  pon 

to  have  l''latler.\ 

how.     I  let  lilt 

St,  and  the  alter 

St  slieli  a  jmsitioii 

f;lit  the  sieaiiier'> 

with  inv  ul:iss»- 

ked  and  saw  no 

She  will  lie  into 

see  us  and  kee|i 

rward  she  lilew 

the  w.ike  of  lllc 

ped  her  engines 

1  otr  and  asain 

atcs.     She  then 

arrviiiH  iway  the 

lie  eoiii]'aratively 

ife  came  nil  deck 

en  their  as  slic 

on  board  of  lier, 

mate  t"  cut  the 

The 


in  n};t;i"K'' 


le  lore 

rreviii 
As  so. 
ral  ye. 11 
Sawvi . 
a  la'rK- 
lew,  li.i 
no  wa;. 


!■'  h  iteli  anil 


1^  to  the 
111  as  the 
.,  fiuallv 
had  the 
ineasnre 
,'  always 
.lilTereui 


see.  Ill  i!h'  meaiitinie  I  fouiiil  there  was  no  water  in  the  hold.  I  then  gave  orders  to  the  mate  to  never  mind  tlie  boats,  bnl  to  take 
all  hand-  .mil  secure  the  back  slays  and  repair  damages.  All  niv  starboard  braces  had  been  carrieil  away  with  the  blocks,  etc. 
Siiw,  while  I  was  attending  to  the  condition  of  the  ship,  it  certainly  took  from  ten  to  fifteen  ininntes,  and  dnriiiK  that  time  I  never 
looked  aiii  r  the  steamer,  neither  did  any  one  else  that  1  know  of.  We  were  all  busy  attending  to  our  own  necessities.  When,  after 
1  fiiinid  I  was  not  seriously  daniHKed,  I  lookeil  for  the  steamer,  I  just  .saw  a  lin'it  on  our  starboaril  ipinrter,  and  when  I  looked 
aeaiii  it  w.is  ^(Hie.  There  has  heen  a  >;reat  deal  said  about  the  cryiii).;  and  screaming  of  the  women  and  children  mi  the  steamer. 
Sot  one  -oiinil  was  heard  from  her  by  any  one  on  my  slii]),  neither  was  any  one  seen  on  board  of  her.  Neither  did  any  one  on  iiiy 
.illip  think  lor  a  moment  that  any  injury  of  any  kind  had  happened  to  the  steamer,  lor  at  1  :,V'  that  iiiK'Hf  as  the  sailors  were  fiirlin>; 
the  spanker,  they  cominenceil  to  K'rowl,  as  sailors  will,  about  the  steamer,  after  running'  us  down,  to  no  (df  and  leave  lis  in  that 
shape,  wiiliont  stopping  to  inquire  whetlier  we  were  injured  or  not." 

Several  of  the  liodies  washed  ashore  from  the  stiiiken  steamer,  that  of  Miss  l''aiiiiy  I'ahiier  iieiiig  fottml  011 
the  be.uli  al  X'icloria  a  short  distance  from  her  home  and  over  forty  miles  from  the  scene  of  the  wreck.  The 
coroner's  jury  at  Victoria  were  specially  severe  on  Captain  vSawyer  in  the  following  verdict  retnrned  at  the 
inipiest  oil  the  body  of  Thomas  J.  Ferrill,  one  of  the  victims  : 

'That  the  said  steamer  Puiifit  sank  after  a  collision  with  the  American  ship  Oiphi  in,  olT  Cape  I'lalterv.  on  the  iiiKht  of 
Noveniher  .|,  1S75  ;  that  the  I'aii/ir  struck  the  Oifhciis  on  the  starboard  side  with  her  stein  a  very  liniil  blow,  the  shock  of  which 
should  not  have  ilamaKed  the  /'miric  if  she  had  heen  a  sound  and  snlistaiitial  vessel  ;  that  the  collision  hetwceii  them  was  caused  liy 
the  Oi/i/iiiis  not  keeping  the  appronchiiiK  I'lici/ii's  liKlit  on  her  port  bow  as  when  first  seen,  hut  piitliuK  the  helm  hard  to 
st.irhoard.  and  nnjustifiably  crossiuK  the  I'milii's  bow  ;  that  the  natch  cm  the  deck  of  the  /'m  i/ii  at  the  time  of  the  collision  was  not 
sulheieiit  in  nninber  lo  keep  a  proper  lookout,  the  watch  consisting  only  of  three  imii,  namely,  one  at  the  wheel,  one  sniiposed  to  be 
on  the  hiokciut,  and  the  third  mate,  a  yonnn  iiiau  of  doulitful  experience ;  that  the  /',iti/ic  had  ahout  2.vS  pas.seiigers  on  hoard  at  the 
time  of  the  collision  ;  that  she  had  five  boats,  the  utmost  carrying  capacity  of  which  dii\  not  exceed  160  persons  ;  that  the  boats  were 
not  and  eniihl  not  be  hiwered  by  the  iindiscipliiied  and  inexperienceil  crew  ; 
that  the  captain  of  the  Orpht'tts  sailed  away,  after  the  collision,  and  <lid  not 
remain  hy  the  I'luijir  to  ascertain  the  damage  she  had  sustained."  ^ 

Xattirally  enonKh  so  great  a  calamity  called  forth  an  endless 
miniber  of  Mnnchansenlike  yarns,  many  of  them  reflecting  .seriously 
on  the  iiiifortiinate  officers  of  the  steamer,  Init  none  of  which  were 
proven.  With  the  exception  of  the  crew  of  the  Oip/idis,  no  one  was 
left  alive  in  a  position  to  furnish  evidence  as  to  the  alleged  carelessness 
of  the  l\iii/i,'s  officers,  and  the  statement  that  they  were  intoxicated 
and  inattentive  lo  duty  was  as  cruel  as  it  was  uncalled  for.  A  large 
crowd  of  miners  on  board  were  well  supplied  with  money,  and  conse- 
(piently  many  of  them  were  probably  under  the  influence  of  liquor 
ami  were  making  things  merry,  and  this  fact  has  been  the  foundation 
oil  which  many  unreasonable  stories  have  been  built.  Among  the 
lost  passengers  were  several  people  of  considerable  prominence  in  the 
N'orthwesl.  Mr.  Chisholm  was  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Utsalady 
Mills  ;  Mr.  Hellmute  was  a  prominent  Walla  Walla  merchant  ;  Fred 
I).  Hard  was  for  .several  years  postal  agent  for  Washington  Territory  ; 
Mr.  Victor  was  the  husband  of  Frances  V.  \'ictor,  the  well  known 
authoress.  S.  P.  Moody,  principal  owner  of  the  lUirrard's  Inlet  Saw- 
mills ;  F.  Care.sche,  a  prominent  X'ictoria  banker  ;  Captain  Parsons, 
a  Kraser  River  steamboatman  ;  his  wife,  Jennie  Parsons,  formerly 
Jennie  Mandeville,  one  of  the  three  sisters  of  that  name  ;  another 
Mster  ami  her  brother,  Cal  Mandeville,  all  well  known  theatrical 
people,  were  among  the  lost.  G.  T.  Vining,  a  Puyallup  merchant,  was  goini;  down  to  dispose  of  three  hundred 
bales  of  hops  which  he  had  on  board  the  steamer..  Among  her  freight  were  two  tlKuisaiid  sacks  of  oats,  ten  tons 
of  sundries,  one  hundred  and  eleven  hides,  ten  cords  of  bolts  and  two  hundred  and  eighty  tons  of  coal  from  Pnget 
Sotiiid,  and  eleven  casks  of  furs,  thirty-one  barrels  of  cranberrie.s,  two  hundred  and  fifty  hides,  two  cases  of  opium, 
eifjhteer.  tons  of  merchandise,  six  horses,  two  buggies   and  $79,220  treasure  from  X'ictoria. 

The  Or/y/iriis  was  in  ballast  from  San  Francisco  to  Nanaimo  to  load  coal,  and  sailed  from  the  Bay  City, 
October  2yth.  She  was  a  vessel  of  about  1,100  tons  register,  built  at  Chelsea,  Mass..  in  is^f',  and  had  made 
ten  voyajjes  around  the  Horn.  Her  last  deep-water  voyage  was  from  Androssan,  with  coal  for  San  F'rancisco. 
She  then  made  a  trip  to  Nanaimo  and  was  on  her  second  trip  north  when  the  collision  with  the  /'nri/if  occurred. 
After  repairing  the  damage  in  the  best  manner  possible,  the  Orpheus  continued  on  her  way,  but  a  few  hours 
later  stranded  on  the  west  coast  of  Vancouver  Island  near  Cape  Heal  and  became  a  total  loss.  She  carried  a 
crew  ol  lueiUy-one  men,  who  were  cared  for  on  reaching  shore  by  Capt.  A.  0.  Kaing,''  owner  of  a  trading  station 
near  the  spot  where  the  .ship  struck.  Some  of  the  rigging  and  sails  were  saved,  and  in  January,  i.Sg;,,  nearly 
eighteen  years  after  the  wreck,  her  anchors  and  two  hundred  and  twenty  fathoms  of  chain  were  picked  up  by 
J.  C.  Pievost's  wrecking  steamer  Muscoltc  and  carried  to  Victoria.  Owing  to  the  intense  excitement  cau.sed  by  tiie 
wreck  of  the  Pacific,  Sawyer  was  immediately  accused  of  casting  his  ship  away,  and  was  arrested  on  that  charge 

'Cipt.  An '.rew  0.  I.aing,  son  of  Victoria's  pioneer  shipbuilder,  Robert  Lain;,',  was  hotn  at  St.  Andrexvs,  Scotland,  in  iSi7, 
arriyiMRai  Victoria  ill  I.S5.1.  Heenn«K*d  in  the  IradiiiK  htisiness  on  the  coast  in  1S71,  and  for  .several  years  conducted  trailiiiK  stations 
It  dilTereiit  pniiiis  alon^  the  shore  of  Vancouver  Island.  A  few  years  after  the  wreck  of  the  Piuijic,  the  schooner  // '.  /'.  Stiyu-iiiil 
»as  coiiMiucled  for  him  by  his  father,  further  mention  of  the  snh,se(|ueiit  career  of  this  craft,  which  played  so  important  a  part  in 
the  interiMiional  sealiu),'  trouble,  and  also  of  I.aing's  connection  with  the  same,  will  be  found  in  the  supplemental  chapter  devoted 
tosealiui 


CAl-r.  Anokkw    1>.  I. aim. 


'I  1     i 

'  1 


I  if 


B 


1 


I 


^{^1 


u 


lil'l) 
■  I 

V: 


228 


Lewis  (f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Paoifio  Northwest 


nt  Sail  Francisco,  but  after  a  tlioruiiKh  oxainiiiation  was  acquitted.  Captain  Sawyer's  explanation,  wiiidi  was 
fully  corroborated,  is  as  follows :  "  Cape  Heal  linlit  had  only  been  lighted  for  four  or  five  months  then,  and  I  had 
no  record  of  it.  My  sailiiiK  directions  gave  Cape  Flattery  as  the  most  iiorlhern  light,  and  the  neKlinL-iicc  of  the 
.second  mate  in  not  calling  me  when  he  found  lie  could  not  steer  the  courses  given  him  caused  the  lo^s  of  the 
Or[>heus.  I  have  a  letter  from  Captain  Gilkey  of  the  ship  Mcsscii^i-r.  which  picked  up  the  man  Jelley,  saviii);  hi- 
mistook  Cape  Heal  light  for  Cape  I'lattery,  and  had  he  made  the  light  earlier  he  would  have  been  in  the  same  fi.n 
that  I  was  in,  but  he  fortunately  did  not  get  up  to  it  until  daylight,  and  then  he  saw  by  the  land  that  it  cdulcl  not 
be  the  entrance  to  Fuca  Straits." 

Over  twenty  years  had  elapsed  since  the  old  l,azetle  went  skyward  in  one  of  the  worst  boiler  explosions 
ever  recorded  in  the  Northwest,  and  in  1875  the  horror  was  repeated  on  a  smaller  .scale  on  the  steamer  Scimlor. 
She  was  plying  between  Portland  and  Oregon  City,  and  her  landing  at  the  former  place  was  at  the  fool  of  Alder 
Street.  On  the  afternoon  of  May  6th  she  ran  down  to  the  Oregon  Steamship  dt)ck  to  take  on  .some  freight,  and 
abou'.  2:30  p.  M.  started  to  return  to  her  regular  landing-place  to  take  pa.s.seiigers  for  Oregon  City.  As  she 
ro'.indcd  to  and  was  swinging  into  the  dock,  after  her  wheel  had  stopped  revolving,  there  was  a  terrific  explosion, 
which  was  felt  all  over  the  city.  The  pilot-hou.se  was  blown  one  hundred  feet  in  the  air,  and  all  of  the  cal)iii  ami 
hou.se  forward  of  the  king-post  were  blown  into  slivers.  Capt.  Dan  MrGill,  who  was  at  the  wheel,  was  instantiv 
killed,  although  Felix  F^vans,  a  well  known  marine  engineer,  who  was  standing  beside  him,  escaped  with  the  loss 
of  a  leg.  The  worst  havoc  was  on  the  lower  deck.  Here  George  Warner,  fireman,  James  Smith,  John  Ciwgrove 
and  John  Crowley,  deckhands,  and  J.  I).  I.ocey,  purser,  were  instantly  killed,  the  latter  having  just  conie  down 
from  his  office  jireparatory  to  going  ashore.  Klaus  lieckman,  a  passenger,  was  al.so  killei',  John  I.eary,  male. 
Grif  Jones,  steward,  and   Charles  Lyons,   ICdward  Cowhey,  Charles  Grant,  O.   Wood   and  J.  Wilkinson  were 

.seriou.sly  injured,  Jones  remaining  a  cripple  for  life. 
Over  twenty  pa.ssengers  were  in  the  cabin,  well  aft 
of  the  king-post,  and  e.scaped  without  injury.  The 
steamer  /  a/iivinri;  alongside  of  which  the  Semlor 
was  expected  to  land,  immediately  went  to  her  assis- 
tance and  rescued  the  ii.jurtd,  as  well  as  the  passen- 
gers who  were  unhurt.  The  wreck  floated  down  the 
river,  drifting  ashore  opposite  the  Oregon  Slcam.ship 
dock,  and  it  was  found  that  the  forward  end  of  tlie 
fire  box  was  all  that  remained  of  the  boiler.  (5eorge 
Warner,  the  fireman,  a  young  man  from  Oregon  Cilv, 
was  more  terribly  mangled  than  any  of  the  olliers. 
He  was  standing  in  front  of  llie  boiler,  and  was 
blown  among  the  cordwood  in  the  hold  and  crushed 
and  torn  almost  beyond  recognition.  J.  \'.  Smith, 
chief  engineer,  was  .severely  censured  by  the  verdict, 
the  coroner's  jury  finding,  "That  said  explosion 
occurred  by  reason  of  insufficiency  of  water  in  the  boiler,  and  that  J.  V.  Smith,  engineer,  acted  willumt  due 
caution,  as  it  seems  to  us  by  the  testimony  of  witnes.ses,  and  was  therefore  guilty  of  criminal  negligence."  vSmilh 
was  subsequently  arrested  on  a  charge  of  manslaughter,  but  was  acquitted.  The  result  of  the  terrible  disaster, 
however,  always  weighed  heavily  on  his  mind,  and,  while  the  responsibility  was  not  fixed  on  him,  he  .seldom  had 
charge  of  steamers  afterward. 

In  November  a  mysterious  fate  overtook  the  crew  of  the  schooner  Sunshine,  built  at  Coos  Bay  in 
September,  KH75.  In  command  of  Capt.  George  Bennett,  who  was  also  half  owner  of  the  vessel,  she  arrived  at 
San  Francisco  on  her  first  trip  October  8th,  and,  after  discharging  her  lumber  cargo,  sailed  for  her  home  port 
November  3d,  with  a  partial  cargo  of  merchandise,  fifteen  pas.sengers,  and  a  crew  of  ten.  She  was  not  sighted 
after  leav-ng  the  Bay  City  until  November  iSth,  when  her  hull  was  seen  floating  bottom  up  close  in  shore  north 
of  Cape  Hancock,  and  a  few  days  later  it  drifted  ashore  near  Ivasterbrook's  place,  Long  Beach,  .so  badly  wrecked 
that  no  clew  co.ild  be  discovered  as  to  the  exact  fate  of  the  crew  and  passengers.  Captain  Bennett  had  will)  him, 
as  mates  on  his  .:-.::t  trit),  John  Thompson  and  Joseph  John.son,  both  experienced  seamen,  and  the  supposition  is 
that  the  schooner,  being  new  and  stiff,  was  caught  in  a  gale  and  "turned  turtle."  The  craft  was  valued  at 
$32,000,  the  cargo  at  $18,000,  and  there  was  also  $10,000  in  coin  aboard  with  which  to  pay  bills  incurred  in  her 
construction.  Iv  B.  Deane  and  Mrs.  Haughstead  of  vSan  Francisco  were  associated  with  Captain  Bennett  in  llie 
ownership. 

The  bark  Florence,  a  veritable  floating  coffin,  foundered  November  17th  about  forty  miles  off  the  I'mpqiia 
River.  She  sailed  from  Port  Discovery,  November  3d,  with  300,000  feet  of  lumber,  and  on  the  sixteenth  was 
caught  in  a  heavy  .southea.st  gale  and  began  leaking  .so  badly  that  at  3:00  A.  m.  on  the  seventeenth  the  cn-\v  were 
forced  to  abandon  her.  They  took  to  the  boats,  and,  as  water  was  scarce,  they  attempted  to  land  near  w  here  the 
brig  I'aivn  had  gone  ashore  a  few  years  before.  In  steering  through  the  breakers  the  boat  capsized,  and.  vvilh  the 
single  exception  of  seaman  Daniel  Deary,  all  were  drowned.     The  crew  of  the  Florence  on  her  last  Iriji  was  as 


nKir.  '■  Sra  Wait."  Formkri.y  "Siki" 
Wrecked  on  Sntid  Nlaiid  \'^~.\ 


Loss  of  the  "Pacific,"  Nuw  Transportation  Companies  on  the  Willamette  and  Cnlamhia 


229 


4i:' 


>!| 


follows:  S.  A.  Dayton,  r.iptnin  ;  Aiulersoii,  first  iiintc  ;  Carey,  second  mate;  Malcolm  (Irant,  William  Huncan, 
Mcl'lier^i '11,  Welch,  Deary,  an  unknown  Norwegian  (u>m  Tncoma,  Neamen  ;  nntl  the  Chinese  cook.  Captain 
Davtoii  w.is  well  ki'.own  on  the  Coast,  having  lieen  first  in  command  of  the  old  hark  (ilymfinf  in  the  forties,  and 
aflcrwanl  of  many  others. 

The  .Vme.ican  ship  Emily  J'urnuni.  i,  194  tons,  sailed  from  Sail  I'Vancisco  for  Departure  Itay,  Novemher  12, 
1875,  in  command  of  Captain  Austin,  with  nine  passengers,  nineteen  crew,  and  one  hundred  tons  of  railroad  iron. 
She  had  line  weather  until  the  sixteentli,  when  a  heavy  southeast  ^jale  rajjed,  during  which  the  cargo  shifted  and 
the  ship  Inst  considerahle  canvas.  On  the  eighteenth  the  wind  inciea.sed,  accompanied  by  scptalls  and  snow,  and 
at  iiiidiiiKht  land  was  reported  dead  ahead.  An  attempt  was  at  once  made  to  stay  the  ship,  which  failed,  and  she 
was  again  hauled  to  the  wind,  hut,  in  endeavoring  to  weather  Destruction  Island,  a  In, ivy  sea  drove  the  ves.sel 
toward  llic  rocks,  and  at  i2:,?o  she  struck  heavily.  The  jiort  anchor  was  let  go  and  the  main  and  mi/.zen  mast 
cutaway.  An  eflfort  was  also  made  to  launch  the  boats,  hut  they  were  destroyed  hy  the  force  of  the  waves.  The 
I'orem.ist  was  then  cut  away,  forming  a  l)ri<lge  to  the  rocks  to  the  leeward.  At  2:00  A.  m.  the  vessel  parted 
aiiiidsliip'',  the  top  part  of  her  house,  to  which  fourteen  of  the  men  clung,  lodging  on  the  rocks,  where  the 
iiirvivors  remained  until  morning.  Thomas  McOilt  swam  from  the  rock  to  the  main  part  of  the  island  with  a 
line,  ami  a  small  raft  was  made  and  attached,  hy  means  of  which  they  reached  shore  two  at  a  time.  liefore 
liiiililiiig  the  raft,  two  of  the  men  swam  to  the  island,  and  John  Hoaglin,  a  native  of  Sweden,  and  the  Chinese 
cook,  were  drowned  in  attempting  the  same  feat.  The  survivors  remained  on  the  islan<l  for  several  days, 
subsisting  on  fiour  and  cahhage,  until  they  were  taken  to  the  mainland  hy  the  Indians.  From  there  they  went  to 
Gray's  Harbor,  Second  Officer  Ueed  and  twelve  men  proceeding  to  Astoria,  where  Captain  Holies  of  the  A/ax 
kindly  ^ave  them  passage  to  San 
Francisco.  Captain  Austin  and  the 
rest  of  the  crew  remained  at  Gray's 
Harbor  to  recuperate.  The  wreck 
\\!i9.  caii.sed  by  the  chronometer  being 
out  of  order,  as  an  ob.servation  taken 
iiii  tlie  eighteenth  showed  the  ves.sel 
to  be  seventy-five  miles  off  shore. 

The  steanishi]>  Hasl/>o>l,  from 
Coos  Bay  for  San  Krancisco,  in 
charge  of  James  F.  Whitney,  cap- 
lain,  .\lfred  Sheppard,  chief  engi- 
neer, H.  Mclver,  second  engineer, 
\.  X.  McDonough,  first  officer,  and 
Henry  King,  .second  officer,  struck  a 
reef  north  of  Point  Arena  lighthouse 
July  2;,d,  during  a  thick  fog.  The 
[usseiigers  made  a  rush  for  the  boat 
licfore  it  could  be  launched,  broke 
the  lashings,  and  all  hands  fell  into  the  water.  Mrs.  John  Armstrong  and  two  children  lost  their  lives  ;  her 
husband,  with  one  child,  eleven  other  iias.seiigers  and  the  crew,  reached  shore  in  .safety.  The  liastport  was  owned 
hy  I.  I,.  Poole,  R.  D.  Chandler,  George  Fitch  and  Donald  Beedle,  and  was  valued  at  S.S5,(ioo,  with  an  insurance 
of  Sf'O.cxxi.     The  wreck  was  sold  to  John  Ro.senfeld  for  $300. 

Two  days  after  the  /;"rtti//>i'/-/ disaster,  the  bark  Clani  R.  Sidil.  Cupt.  George  Caleb,  from  San  Francisco  for 
Coos  liay,  sprang  a  leak  during  a  gale  and  foundered  so  (piickly  that  the  crew  were  unable  to  provi>ii)n  their 
boats.  They  all  escaped,  but  were  in  an  open  lioat  for  four  days  and  nights  before  they  were  picked  up,  \\\  latitude 
j9' north,  longitude  126°  west,  by  the  schooner  Skylark.  Captain  Goodman,  and  taken  to  San  Francisco 

The  United  States  steamship  Saraiiar,  an  old  sidewheeler  carrying  ten  guns  and  three  hundred  men,  struck 
irock  in  Seymour  Narrows,  June  15th,  and  became  a  total  wreck.  The  steamer  had  been  dispatched  from  San 
Francisco  to  Alaska  to  collect  curios  for  the  Centennial  Exposition  and  was  in  charge  of  pilot  George.  .\t 
the  time  of  the  accident  .she  was  running  about  fourteen  knots  an  hour  and  struck  heavily  on  her  port  side.  .She 
hung  lor  a  moment  and  then  slipped  off,  filling  so  rapidly  that  she  was  headed  at  once  for  Vancouver  Island, 
where  she  grounded  among  the  rocks,  giving  the  crew  barely  time  to  reach  shore  with  their  personal  baggage 
and  a  few  stores  before  she  sank  out  of  sight.  The  Sara/iar  was  officered  by  W.  W.  Green,  captain  ;  M.  W. 
J^aunders,  lieutenant  commander  ;  W.  H.  Parker,  navigating  lieutenant;  G.  R.  Hush,  chief  engineer  ;  J.  Gamis, 
assistant  engineer  ;  F.  T.  Gillet,  surgeon  ;  F\  A.  Mulluney,  paymaster.  On  receipt  of  the  news  at  Victoria, 
H.  li.  M.  ship  .^[yrmidon  was  .sent  to  the  rescue  and  rendered  valuable  assistance  to  the  shipwrecked  crew. 

Tlie  American  bark  Architect,  Captain  Mertage,  in  ballast  from  ,San  Francisco  for  Cementville,  on  the 
Columbia,  was  wrecked  on  Clatsop  .Spit,  March  28th.  She  attempted  to  follow  the  British  ship  Pactoliis,  which 
W.1S  sailing  in  with  a  pilot  on  board,  but  the  wind  died  out,  and  she  drifted  on  the  spit.  The  anchor  was  let 
go,  but  she  struck  so  heavily  that  when  the  tide  rose  she  filled.     The  crew  took  to  the  rigging  and  were  rescued 


IlKirisH   Stk.\mi:k  "  C,1  HTKII'K' 


■t 


I-. 


f  «i. 


Il' 


:'i 


i) 


230 


Lewii  (f  Drydfn's  Mnrine  History  of  the  Paoiflo  Northwest 


Cai'T.  i.kstkh  a.  IIAII.K\' 


the  next  dny  liy  a  lifilioat  toweil  from  tlie  Ciipc  l>y  tlic  tug  .Isloria  and  niiinnetl  by  Meut.  Sam  JoneH  ami 
tlie  Allen  lirolhers.  The  vess-1  liecame  almost  a  total  loss,  and  the  wreck  was  sold  to  Mr.  Can  ibr  f^j 
The  Anhiliil,  which  was  owned  by  the  Ceinentville  Mill  Conipniiy  was  liuilt  in  Kockhunl,  Me.,  in  iHss.  HHistcred 
.'7()  tons,  and  was  valued  at  5f<."<"i.      !^he  had  only  recently  heen  placed  in  this  trade,  havinn  previon^lv  scrvtd 

for  ten  years  between  llnniboldt  and  San  l-'ranciseo.  The  .XiinTicaii 
bark  Wind  war  J,  7HJ  tons,  in  cumniand  of  Capt.  A,  IC.  Willinnis,  with 
a  crew  of  fifteen,  sailed  from  Seattle,  December  ,Vi,  1^7,^,  with  a  carijii 
of  lumber  for  San  Francisco  and  at  ,s:4,s  i'.  M.  ran  ashore  in  t'sekss 
Hay,  Whidby  Island,  duriuK  a  thick  fo^,  becoming  a  total  Inss.  The 
NicaraKuan  ship  I'l/ianio.  Ca])t.  Juan  A.  Dam,  from  Callao  for  PotI 
Townsend  in  ballast,  stranded  on  the  rocks  on  the  western  jjniiit  ni 
Neah  Hay  at  fi;ou  A.  .m.,  January  19,  1S7S.  A  heavy  snowsturm  pre- 
vailed at  the  time,  and  a  current  setting  in  threw  the  slii|i  on  ija 
rocks  before  tho.se  on  board  were  aware  of  their  |)roximily  to  danger 
The  northeast  jjale  then  ra>;in>i;  rendered  it  impossible  to  launch  .1 
boat  for  several  hours  after  striking,  but  they  finally  hUicccded  in 
reaching  shore,  and  at  iu;ou  v.  .m.  the  ship  bilged  and  became  a  total 
lo.ss.  She  was  a  well  built  vessel  of  750  tons  register  and  was  valued 
at  5_^(),(KH). 

The  American  bark  Union,  from  Nanaimo  for  San  Francisco 
was  wrecked  on  Clarke's  Island,  near  the  entrance  to  Kosario  Straits, 
May  7th,  becoming  a   total   loss.     On   reaching  .San    I'Vancisco  the 
steward  claimed  to  have  overheard  a  plot  in  which  the  caplain  and 
mate  decided  to  purposely  .       -oy  the  vessel.     Capt.  J.  M.  Mindell, 
and  Deane,  his  mate,  were  ai.  'sted  on  this  charge,  but  after  an  inve>- 
tigation  were  discharged.     The 
schooner  Alire  llnakr,  formerly 
in  the  San  Francisco  and  Port- 
land trade,  was  lost  in  the  spnng  of  1875  in  a  simoon  off  the  Amoor  River. 
She  carried  as  cargo  two  steamers  built  at  Stockton  for  the  Russian  Gov- 
ernment at  a  cost  of  $40,0110.     The  wreck  came  ashore  on  .Sakhalin  Island, 
but  nothing  was  saved  from  it.     The  bark  Milan,  a  pioneer  lumber  drogher 
of  the  Northwest,  burned  in  Mission  Hay,  San  h'rancisco,  August  17th,  with 
a  cargo  of  merchandise  for  Yokohama.     Pope  &  Talbot,  her  owners,  esti- 
mated their  loss  at  $i.S,ooo.     The  Willamette  River  .steamer  Albany,  Captain 
Vickers,  was  sunk  on  the  Long  Tom  River,  January  6th,  becoming  a  total 
loss.     At  San  Juan   Island  the  schooner  Ontario,  owned  by  H.  I,.  Tibbals 
and  sailed  by  James  McCurdy,  parted  her  moorings  March  .i.sth,  and  was 
driven  on   the  rocks  by  a   heavy  .sea   and  damaged  beyond   repair.     The 
British  ship  Camille  Caioiir,  froui  Port  I)i.scovery  for  Peru  with  lumber,  was 

abandoned  in  the  North  Pacific  in  October, 

*  the  wreck  afterward  drifting  ashore  at  Man- 

^  zanillo.     A  similar   fate   befell    the    Hritish 

^E^^^^^  ship  I.i)<;uria  from   Hurrard's  Inlet  for  Callao,  which  was  abandoned  in  a  walei 

^^HHP^^^^  logged  condition  October  i  ith.     The  crews  of  both  vessels  were  rescued.     The'  hrig 

^^|RL    ^l||^^  Willimanlic,  an  old-time  northern  trader,  foundered  off  Humboldt,  Xovcnilier  jd. 

T^  '"  and  nothing  was  ever  heard  of  Captain  Olsen  and  his  crew  of  eight  men,  altliougb 

the  wreck  came  ashore  near  (iold  Heacli.     The  schooner  S/>ario-,f  .stranded  near 

I'nip(|ua,  Decend)er  ^tli,  and  three  lives  were  lost.     On  the  same  day  the  schooner 

habilla,  while  en  route  from   Nanaimo   to  \'ictoria,  was  wrecked   on  X'ancouver 

Island,  and  the  steamship  I'lntura  at  Point  Sur,  on  the  southern  coast,  Ai'iil  21'th. 

Among  the  notable  deaths  of  the  year  was  that  of  Capt.  William  McNeil, 

a  native  of  Hoston,  who  pas.sed  away  at  \'ictoria,  Sejjtember  4th.     Captain  McNeil 

first  arrived  on  the  Coast  in  18 16,  returned  to  Boston  in  iH2(y  in  the  bri^  ('oiiivv. 

and  came  out  again  in  1832  in  command  of  the  American  brig  /.lama,  wliich  was 

sold  to  the  Hud.son's  Bay  Company.     Captain  McNeil  then  entered  theii  service 

and  remained  with  them  until  1865.     His  name  finds  frequent  mention  in  previous  chapters.     Capt.  Robei'  Haley, 

who  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  from  New  Orleans  in  1850  and  commanded  the  different  steamships  owncl  by  the 

Wrights,  died  in  San  Franci.sco,  January  31st,  aged  sixty  years.     Another  pioneer  steamship  master,  Cai'.  Edgar 

Wakeman,  passed  away  in  Oakland,  Cal.,  May  Sth.     Capt.  Aaron  Vickers  met  his  death  at  Oregon  City,  Icbruary 

13th,  from  the  eflfects  of  exposure  at  the  time  of  the  sinking  of  the  steamer  Albany. 


L'Al'l".  Wll.l.l.AM    .MeNlll. 


■SSjAV,,; 


J.  llAreil 


L')si>  (if  tht<  "Pacific,"  New  rrwsiinrl.itinn  l',i>mp;\niva  on  thr  WilLinwtti'  .iii'l  (.oliiniliia 


23 » 


(^' 


AlkT  an  alisi'iu'u  ol  iiiaiiy  yi'ars,  Captain  Aitiswortli  ami  Itiii  aHHociutcs  ol  tlu'  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Odinpiiu  ajjaiii  I'liti'io.l  tlie  liuld  011  tlii'  Will.imi-ttt.'  in  1M7S,  Tlu-  intoriiiK  widni'  which  opi'iuil  llii'  way  lor  the 
iilliiDiii  ciiiitrol  of  this  tiiKJL'  wn-.  driven  the  year  liefore,  when  they  assisted  llolladay  in  his  liuhl  iinainst  the 
U'illaiiM  ite  River  Trannportation  C<nnpany  hy  rnnilinn  steamers  on  the  Oregon  City  route.     'I'hey  lollowcd  up 

this  advaii  a.  '•  in  iH;,^  hy  al)sorliin>;  the  Willamette  Kiver  Transporta- 
tion Company,  nnd  incorporating  Decetnlicr  2i)th  nnder  the  name  of 
Willamette  Transportation  M;  l/icks  Company,  with  a  capitalization  of 
Ji,iHK),uini.  Ity  tlie  terms  of  this  transfer  the  former  company  ceased 
to  exist,  and  the  (»,i.'^;on  Steam  Navigation  Company,  althonuli  owning 
a  lnrne  majority  of  tlie  stock  in  the  new  ornani/ation,  remained  a 
separate  institntion.  The  oflicers  of  the  new  corporation  were:  J.  C. 
Ainsworth,  president  ;  R.  R.  Thompson,  vicepresident  ;  Theodore 
VV'yuant,  H.  Ciohlsmith,  I'Vank  T.  notice,  directors,  They  acipiiied  the 
locks  at  ( )re^;on  City,  l'"armers'  Worehonse  at  Astoria,  the  waterfront 
recently  purchased  there  by  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company, 
and  the  steamers  W'illannile  Cliiff,  (ioiefiior  (iiovir,  Hfitifr,  Cliamf>i<»i, 
.liiiiie  Sli;>arl,  Onidtnl  and  (^riiiit,  nnd  the  harges  .lii/nin-l,  (.'oliiiiihiii 
and  (  oliiiiibiit  ( '///(/,  and  i.fterward  secnred  the  Willamette  River  steamers 
of  the  Oregon  .Steamship  Company.  The  Onidiiil  and  (hicHl  were 
twins,  the  dimensions  of  each  being  :  length,  one  hundred  and  titty  four 
feet  ;  beam,  thirty-five  feet ;  depth  of  hold,  five  feet  ;  the  engines  of  the 
former  were  sixteen  by  sixty-six  inches  and  of  the  latter  sixteen  by 
seventy-two  inches.  The  Un'eiil  made  her  trial  trip  August  loth,  and 
both  of  them  continued  on  the  Willamette  nnder  the  flag  of  the 
Willamette  Transportation  iV  Locks  Company  until  t,S7c),  when  the 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  again  took  them.  Capt.  (leorge 
Jerome  was  master  of  the  Orient  for  nearly  ten  years,  and,  on  his  death, 
Sherman  Short  aiul  John  (lore  were  in  command.  After  n  great  amount  of  hard  work  on  the  Willamette,  she 
beciime  so  old  and  tender  that  in  i,S(;2  the  steamer  was  sold  to  Captain  Callahan  '  for  |i,S'>i>.  Her  new  owner  rebuilt 
i\  I,  iiul  a  year  later  she  struck  the  draw  of  Morrison  Street  bridge,  tearing  a  hole  in  the  bow  which  sent  her  to 
llu'liiitloni.  She  was  raised  with  dilTicnlty,  and  a  few  months  later  sank  in  the  Cowlitz  River.  The  water  receding 
left  her  high  and  dry,  but  before  repairs  were  completed  she  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire.  Iler  companion,  the 
Oicidiiil,  performed  good  .service  on  the  Willamette  until  iSSy,  when  she  was  condemne<l  by  the  (lovernnient  and 
retired  to  the  boncyard.  Hoth  steamers  have  been  officered  at  difTerent  times  by  nearly  all  the  ]iroiuiueut  sleam- 
liiiatinen  on  the  river,  Capt.  Miles  Hell  and  Ivngiueer  William  J.  Maher     .serving  for  several  years  011  the  Oaidiiil. 

The  Oregon  Steamship  Com])any  replaced  the  steamer  .l/f'/jiiy, 
lost  tile  |ireceding  year,  with  the  /loiuviva,  launched  at  Oregon  City  in 
July,  making  her  trial  trip  August  7tli.  Capt.  J.  I).  Tackaberry  was  her 
first  master.  .\  year  later  she  sank  at  Rook  Island,  remaining  sub- 
merged for  three  months  before  she  was  raised  and  repaired,  .\fter 
passing  into  the  hands  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  she 
fduiid  steady  employment  on  the  Willamette  until  is,s,s,  when,  in  com- 
mand of  her  first  master,  she  struck  a  sunken  rock  wdiile  making  a 
landing  at  Wallings  and  went  to  the  bottom.  The  machinery  was 
saved,  but  the  boat  pa.ssed  out  of  existence.      James  Wilson,  .Miles  Bell 


Kk.NhSr     W.    Sl'l-.Ntt.K 


'  Capt.  Tlioiiias  Cullahan  was  liorii  at  St.  Joliiis,  NewrniiiKllaiiil,  ill  |S^6.  He 
ran  aw.iy  frniii  lioiiie  and  went  to  sea  at  tile  »)ie  of  tell  and  lieK.ui  sailing  011  deep- 
walt'r  vi'ssi'ls,  arriving  in  San  I'ranciseo  in  iS^i.  He  siihscqiieiilh  returned  I'last 
1111(1  saiU'il  out  of  Boston  for  .abont  twenty  >ears,  five  of  wliieli  were  spt-nt  as  male 
(Ml  .\ll;uitie  slL'.aniers  and  the  rest  in  coniiiiaiul  of  sailinjr  vt'ssels.  IJe  went  to  San 
I'ranci^io  in  i.Syfi  .iinl  look  coinniand  of  a  schooner  lioninl  for  Cocos  Island,  in 
search  nf  treasure  sii]iposeil  to  he  hidden  there.  On  returning  from  this  expedition 
i\\  iiiDmhs  later,  he  went  to  Portland  and  ennaneil  in  hoatinj;  on  the  Colnmhi.i 
KiuT.  Ilu  a-.sisted  in  the  constrnelion  of  the  /liiiilrcs^  and  two  oilier  schooners, 
saiHiiu  the  former  ;i  few  seasons,  and  was  afterward  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon 
RaiKva\  ."^  Navinalioii  Company  for  six  years  as  liartjeniastcr.  He  then  liiiilt  the 
sli'aniii  Ma>i;ie  from  the  luill  of  the  old  /'/iza  /.lu/tf,  and  after  rnnniiiK  her  five 
years  miM  her  to  jjo  to  the  .Soniid  and  purchased  the  strainer  ('//Vh/,  with  which 

lie  wav  \,-ry  nnfortnnate,  sinking  her  several  times  and  finally  losiiii,;  her  1)\'  lire  in  1'kkh\'  scott 

.Septiiti't-r,  |S9(. 

William  J.  Mailer,  engineer,  Portland,  Or.,  has  been  ill  the  employ  of  tile  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navij;ation  Company  and  its 
lireiUd  .sors  for  over  twenty  ye.ars.  He  was  second  engineer  on  the  Oneoiilii  with  Capt.  John  Wolf  in  1S7S,  KoiiiK  from  her  to  the 
llic/r  1/ , ,/,  where  he  held  a  similar  position.  He  was  next  on  the  Oniili'iil  on  the  Willamette  Kiver.  scrviii;;  for  sever.il  years  iis 
rliii.i'  ( ii'.;iiiccr  with  Capt.  Miles  Hell,  John  Oore  and  Shcrinan  Short.  In  1.SH7  he  was  eiiHaKed  as  chief  on  the  /;.  A'.  Coit'/c,  noin^^ 
friiiii  li.  I  to  the  .S'.  6".  AVf(/,  on  which  he  remained  for  several  years.  In  i8y2  lie  joined  the  steamer  A/iufi'C,  with  which  he  has  been 
coaiicui  d  most  of  the  time  since  that  dale.  In  addition  to  those  alioye  nieiilioned,  Mr.  .Maher  has  heeii  employed  at  short  intervals 
on  a  miaiher  of  other  steamers  owned  by  the  Oregou  Railway  &  Navigation  Company. 


1     r-[i 


I 


^!l 


fti;t: 


l.  14' 


m 


I 


m 


Mh: 


! ; 


I;:- 


!  i      '   ■ 

Jjili 

232 


Lewis  ($  Drydens  Marine  History  of  tfie  Pacific  Nortiiwesi 


CAPT.  CiEOKCE  Kaahe 


and  L.  A.  Bailey  are  the  best  known  among  her  coniiuanders.  The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Coiiipanv 
launched  th.  fine  steamer  lionila  in  March,  1875,  for  the  lower  river  trade.  .She  made  her  trial  trip  Ajiril  22(i. 
Capt.  George  Pease  liad  command  for  the  first  year,  and  in  1876,  during  the  .seaside  rush,  she  was  put  011  the 
Astoria  route  as  a  special  night  hoat,  with  a  passenger  rate  of  five  dollars.     Capt.  George  Ainsworth  ran  her  to 

Kalama  and  Astoria  in  1877,  and  for  the  next  five  years  she  was  in  charge  of 
Captain  Babbidge  on  the  same  route.  Capt.  John  Wolf  afterward  ran  her  to  the 
Cascades.  As  finer  boats  appeared,  the  Bonita  was  withdrawn  from  the  passenger 
traffic  except  for  occasional  trips,  but,  when  the  Wide  West  became  too  old  ami 
^fttm^  cxpensi'L'  for  the   Cascade  run,  the  noiiita  was  placed  in  that  .service.     While  in 

^T  command  of  Capt.   A.   B.  Pillsbury  she  was  wrecked   on   Fa.shion   Reef  iluring  ,1 

^■W^*  severe  windstorm,  December  7,  1892.     Unsucce.ssful  efforts  were  made  to  float  her, 

^^k  1^^  and  she  was  finally  dismantled.     The  lionita  was  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  feet 

j^B^^  long,  thirty  feet  beam,  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  sixteen  by  .seventy-two  inches, 

^^A^^^^^^k  The  .steamer  Champion  was  launched  at  Oregon  City,  June  28th,  making  her  trial 

T^^^^^^^^BH  '  'rip  two  weeks  later.     She  was  one  hundred  and   fifty-.sevcn  feet  long,  thirty-five 

^([^     ^F  feet  beam,  and   iwii  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  from  the  Shoshone,  sixteen 

^^  Sm  by  forty-eight  inches.     James  Wilson,  her  first  captain,  was  succeeded  in  i.S;^  hy 

William  P.  Gray      George  Jerome,  Miles  Bell,  L.  A.  Bailey,  George  Reynolds  and 
J.  L.  Smith  were  among  the  best  known 
of  her  masters.     She  lasted  until  1 89 1  and 
was  then  dismantled  at  ■.he  Oregon  Rail- 
way &  Navigation  Company's  boneyard. 

The  remarkable  success  of  the  steamer  Ohio  induced  Captain 
Scott  and  his  associates  to  increase  their  facilities,  and  in  May,  1875,  the 
U.  B.  vScott  Steandioat  Company  was  organized  by  I',  B.  Scott,  L.  B. 
vSeely,  Z.  J.  Ilalcl  ,"  S.  H.  Brown  and  M.  S.  Burrell.  Vnder  the  super- 
vision of  the  head  of  the  company,  the  steamer  Cily  0/  Salem,  the  finest 
Willamette  steamer  yet  floated,  was  built,  making  her  trial  trip  October 
2i.st.  The  success  of  this  steamer  was  but  a  continuation  of  that 
enjoyed  by  the  Ohio.  She  could  carry  an  iniinen.se  load  on  very 
.shallow  water,  and  when  light  her  master  a.sserted  that  all  she  needed 
to  run  on   was  a  heavy  dew.      In  February,    1876,  she   ascended   the 

Santiam  as  far  as  Jefferson. 
Ill  July,  1878,  her  engines 
were  replaced  by  larger  ones, 
those  of  the  Cilv  of  Salem 
being  transferred  to  the  Oliio. 
^_,„  ^  _  and   when  she  was  again   in 

service  she  was  commanded 
l)y  Capt.  Iv.  W.  Spencer,  J.  W.  Newkirk,  purser.  Perry  Scott,"  engineer 

'Capt.  '/..].  Hatch  was  lioiii  in  Moiitii-fU(i,  N.  V.,  111  i>|(.,  i'aiin>  tci  I'.iillainl 
ill  IS,  2  anil  fouilil  clliployllleiil  in  tlu'  cnnim'uriiii;  ck  ii.illliiiMlt  of  tlir  Ncntlierli 
Pai-ilic  Railroad.  In  iS7\'1r'  reinovcil  t(^  Tacoiiia,  wlu'it'  lit'  servoil  as  l)oo!;-keeper 
and  iKiyiiiastiT  for  tlio  Tarnnia  I, and  Company,  llien  clearing  ami  jjradiiij,'  Inr  the 
new  town.  Ilf  went  to  I'ortlam!  in  rSj.t  and  ran  as  purser  (or  Capt.  V .  H.  Scoll 
and  I,.  It.  .Seely,  wlio  lia<I  just  eoiniileted  ilie  i>hio,  llie  lirst  linlit-ilrart  sle.iiiier  mi 
tile  Willanietle.  In  1S75  II.ilcli  seenred  a  one  lil'lli  interest  in  llie  I'.  H  Scoll 
.Sleaintioal  Coinpaiiy  ami  was  a.ssocialed  with  V .  11.  .Seoll,  I..  H.  ,Seely,  S.  11.  Ilrmui 
and  M.  S.  Hnnell.  The  eonipaiiy  hnilt  the  Cily  0/  Saleiii  and  operated  her  In 
eonneetion  with  the  ('/;/,■  iili  llateli  as  pnrser.  In  1X7(1  he  acted  as  ayeiil  of 
the  coinpaiiy  .'it  roitland.  1 1  uiiinj;  in  this  position  until  1X71),  w'leii  he  dl^poseil 
of  his  holdings  and  enj^a^eil  e\leiisively  in  llie  wheal  tnisiness.  In  1S77  he  secured 
the  .  /.  .  /.  Mi(  'ullv.  with  which  he  was  very  snecessliil,  and  in  iS.Si  he  coii^micli'il 
the  sleaiiishii>  )'(((/k/hi(.  which  linrneil  the  following'  year.  In  1S.S5  the  . /.  ./■ 
Mif'iilly  was  hiirned  at  Cascade  I.ocks,  where  she  had  lien  taken  to  atlciiii'l  lla' 
passaj.;e  iiji  over  the  rapids.  .-Vt  the  time  of  the  Cteiir  d'.-Meiie  ininiiiK  cxi'iuiiienl, 
111  coiii]iaiiv  with  I.  1!.  ,Saiili<irn,  Ilatcli  linilt  the  sterinvheel  steamer  (  niii  d' AUnc. 
.\fter  retiriiiH  from  that  venture  lie  formeil  a  partnership  with  Frank  V.  Mnilli, 
liouHlit  the  steamer  /•'leel:cooil  and  took  her  from  the  Coininhia  to  Tuuei  ."mHiihI. 
When  the  Columliia  River  iS:  I'li^et  Sound  Navi^'ation  Coinpany  was  oi').;aui .cd  llic 
/•'li-iiuvOi/  was  idisorhed  and  Hatch  retired.  He  then  began  the  coiistniruon  of 
the  .^foiiliiello.  which  he  comiileted  early  in  i.Syi. 
'  I'errv  Scoll  was  horn  in  Ohio,  where  -le  followed  his  profession  as  iiiarine  engineer  for  a  ^reat  many  years,  and  in  i" 
to  Portland  a,.. I  hc^aii  rniininn  with  his  hroli.er,  l'a|it  r.  It.  S...".,  on  the  Cily  of  Snlnii,  reniainiiig  there  for  six  ye.'irs,  exc. 
few  montlis  while  he  was  en^;af;ed  on  the  steamer  .N'mMrccv/,  between  Wallnla  .'iml  I.ewiston.  In  iS.Sj  he  was  appointeil 
"■e  transfer  boat  FiiJciiik  i!illiiiv;s  .il  .'VinsHorlh.  but  returned  to  the  lower  rive  and  ran  for  a  year  with  Ca|itaiii  Si' 
liie  steamer  Salem,  anil  was  also  oil  the  snanboat  (  onui/lis  for  a  year  with  Capt  Jidiii  (.ore.  He  was  afterward  on  Joseiih  K 
jteainers  for  nearlv  three  vears,  and  in  iS.SS  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  le/e/t'iitiie,  Koiiin  from  her  to  llie  snaKboal  W'illaiii' 
subsequently  to  llie  steiiuier  (Uvi^e    II'.  .SV/ii;,;.      At  inUrvals    dnriiiK    his   career    on    the    river    he  has  fitted  onl  a  lui 


CArr.  OKKIN  S.  WACli 


Cai'T.  I,.  .\.  Loom  is 


n  calUC 
Il  for  a 
liiefof 
u'cr  I'll 
doKKS 
', ,  anil 
ilicr  of 


A  ^ 


Loss  of  the  "Paciiic,"  New  Transportation  Companies  on  tfie  Willamette  and  Columbia 


233 


CACr.    Al.    IIAKKIS 


Captain  Sanborn  '"  was  also  master  of  the  steamer  in  187.S,  and  James  I).  Miller  ran  her  in  1880.  In  1881  she  was 
purclia-cd  by  William  Reid,  better  known  as  Dnn<lee  Reid,  who  nsed  her  in  connection  with  the  Oregonian 
Railr()a<l.  Capt.  J.  P.  Coulter  handled  her  for  a  short  time,  and  George  Raabe  was  in  charge  for  six  years.  She 
was  tlioroughly  overhauled  in  1884,  and  the  following  year,  while  coming  down  tlie  riv^r  in  May,  broke  a  shaft 

and  was  taken  in  tow  by  the  steamer  /sahi'l.  The  tow  line  was  so  long 
and  it  gave  the  City  of  Salem  so  much  swing,  that  in  passing  Rock 
Island  Rapids  she  struck  a  sunken  reef  tearing  a  hole  eight  feet  long 
in  her  port  side.  Slie  was  afterward  raised  and  ran  until  about  1890, 
when  she  was  tied  up.  The  ("//)■  0/  Salcin  was  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
one  feet  long,  tliirty-three  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  six  inches  hold. 
She  was  originally  equipped  with  .slide-valve  engines  fourteen  by 
forty-eight  inches,  but  poppet  valves  of  larger  size  were  afterward 
substituted. 

The  C/iUsop  Chief,  a  small  sternwheeler,  was  built  at  Skipanon, 
Oregon,  lielow  Astoria,  in  1875,  to  run  between  .Astoria  and  Clatsop 
Landing,  and,  as  she  was  not  adapted  to  ilie  trade,  was  sold  to  Portland 
parties,  Capt.  F.  li.  Jones"  of  that  city  operating  her  for  many  years. 
She  came  prominently  before  the  jniblic  in  1881  as  the  victim  of  a 
collision  in  which  .she  was  cut  in  two  by  the  steamship  Oiif;t»i.  Cap- 
tain Jones  used  her  exclusively  as  a  iowboat,  thus  earning  the  money 
with  which  he  built  other  more  pretentious  steamers.  vShe  was  fifty- 
eight  feet  long  and  thirteen  feel  beam  originally,  but  when  rebuilt  was 
lengthened  Iwenty-.six  feet.  She  was  retired  from  .service  in  iS8g. 
Other  additions  to  the  steam  fleet  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  were 
thi;  freight  steamer  Willaiiietle  Si/iici7i\  a  .seventy -five-foot  scow,  with  a 
nine  by  sixteen  inch  engine,  owned  by  T.  li.  Nelson  and  run  l)y  V..  C.  Lakiii,  the  steam  ferries  /-."//-vf  l.add.  l)uilt 
by  A.  J.  Knott,  the  Albiita  by  S.  S.  Dougla.ss,  and  the  Red  Jntki-t.  operated  by  Captain  Jones  on  the  Vancoiiver 
ferry  route.  The  tug  J'orlloiid.  launched  at  the  Oregon  metropolis  April  9,  1875,  was  u.sed  on  the  Colun'.bia  and 
Willamette  rivers  for  fifteen  years,  and  was  then  taken  to  Puget  Sound,  where  she  is  still  running.  Henry  Wilson 
was  her  first  master  and  owner,  and  Capt.  O.  S.  Wand ' '  afterward  purchased  and  ran  her  for  several  years.     The 

.steamers  willi  iii.ii'liiiiery,  and  ns.sislcil  in  this  work  on  the  Undiiif,  (,'m'iiiior 
.\V;ic//,  new  V'l/f^/niiie,  anil  tlie  transler  hoal  Jiiioiiin.  Mr.  Scott  retired  from 
iclive  service  almul  two  years  a),'o  ami  lias  since  resiileil  in  I'ortlainl.  Mis  son, 
Wesley  .Scott,  is  a  well  known  marine  engineer,  .as  was  also  ai..:llR'r  son.  Newton 
Scolt,  deceased,  who  was  for  a  nnmher  ol'  years  chiet'  tni  the  'i\it'l^hont\ 

"Capt.  Irwin  11.  .Sanborn  was  Itorn  in  Oregon  City  in  iS(o,  and  commenced 
steaintio.itin^  in  the  emi)loy  of  the  reo])Ie's  Transportation  Ciunjiany  on  the 
MiMiu)ivillt\  Koing  from  her  to  the  steamer  (hfwtird.  He  was  on  the  (7/i-  <>/' 
Oitiir,  I  lor  about  a  year,  and  hen  entereii  the  employ  ol  Captain  .Scott  on  the 
Lifv  i>/  Sti/t-/n.  .\fter  leaving  the  latter  he  pnrchaseil  an  inti-resl  i  t  the  ste.inier 
./.  . /.  M(i'iiU)\  and  was  master  of  her  t"or  live  ye.-irs,  linally  disptisini^  of  his 
liolilinL;s  on  the  Willamette  to  en^aj^c  in  steand)oatiny;  on  Lake  C'u-nr  (I'Alene. 
Willi  /.J.  Hatch  he  bnilt  the  lirsl  steamer  of  any  coiise(|iience  on  the  lake  and 
operated  her  until  she  was  purchased  by  the  .N'ortliern  Pacific  Raili  lai!  Company. 
Me  Wiis  then  put  in  charge  of  the  company's  steamboat  properl\-  oi.  the  l.ake,  and 
replai'ed  the  Cn'iii  d\Ut'iit'  with  the  steamer  t-'eotxi<r  ( ',/^v'a",  <me  of  the  fastest 
>ltriiu heelers  ill  the  .N'ortliwest.  He  also  bnilt  the  A nD/cwd/,  which  is  operated 
on  tile  l;ike  during;  the  winter,  when  ice  pre\eiits  tlii'  ('.f/v,v  from  r'lnnini^,  and 
owns  Uie  little  propeller  r/cwcyc;/ .syj(VW(/«,  built  at  the  fort  by  I'ost-tn.iler  Kin^;, 
usiii^  her  lor  towing  a  barj;e  made  from  the  hull  of  the  jiionecr  steamer  ( ((V/r 
J'. II, 11,'.  Captain  .Sanborn  is  still  a  yonnn  man  anil  h.as  been  eminently  succ;.,;.,- 
ful  ill  his  steamboat  work. 

■  Cajit.  1".  It.  Jones  w;is  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  in  iS^^S,  and  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  the  early  seventies,  .\fter  his  arrival  he  eiiKa),'ed  in  bar^diif;  on 
llic  river,  and  in  1876  took  command  of  the  steamer  Cliihofi  Chief,  which  he  ran 
liir  eleven  years,  and  then  bnilt  the  steamer  Miiiia,  with  which  he  was  eiinaKed  in 
tinviiii;  lo^s  until  1S92.  The  Willamette  >S:  Columbia  River  TowiiiK  Comiiany  was 
then  lorined,  with  Capt.ain  Jones  as  president.  In  October,  i.Syj,  they  bnilt  the 
-leaiiui  I'n/cdii,  which  look  the  M,uia's  place  and  is  one  of  the  fastest  boats  on 
tile  Culiiinbia  or  Willamette  rivers.  Two  years  later  Captain  Jones  constructed 
tile  sti  liner  iuigeiie,  which  he  has  since  operated  in  the  freight  and  iiasscnuer 
traiie  liclween  Portland  and  l-hifjene  Cilv.  He  was  owner  of  the  CVtt/s,'/^  Chitf 
when  s!i.'  was  sunk  by  the  (  hr^iin,  but  succeeded  in  raising  her,  and  she  pcr- 
fi)rine.l  a  ^reat  deal  of  work  for  many  vears.  Until  the  steamer  /w/i,'(V/c  was  bnilt, 
Capt. nil  Jones  conlineil  his  o|ierations  exclusively  to  lowin>;  and  freinhlinj,',  and 
in  thai  line  has  been  remarkably  successful. 

Capt.  Drrin  .S.  Waud  was  born  in  Portland  in  1S54,  and  bewail  stcamboatiuK  in  the  earl\  seveiilies.  He  was  on  the  ( '//ii  in 
IS;;,  .iiid  a  year  later  took  cominaml  of  the  slcinier  U'islf>oi I,  which  he  ran  for  about  nine  months,  and  then  chartered  llie  .Uiiiiii 
U'dhiii,  which  he  left  a  year  later  to  ^{o  as  master  of  the  C',t/ui/i  I'liie/'.  He  then  purchased  the  tni;  ruilln'iil  from  Wilsim  liiotliers, 
anil,  aiiir  operatiiin  her  for  three  years,  disjiosed  of  her  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  steamer  Coiei  iiiir  .XiU.II,  which  was  used 
ill  liiuiiij^  rock  from  b'isher's  Landing'  on  the  Colninbia  to  the  jetty  't  I'ort  .Stevens.  He  w.is  afterward  master  of  the  ttij;  l.iiiiohi  in 
the  Ciivirnmcnl  employ  for  two  years,  and,  when  Captain  Taylor  purchased  the  steamer  S,i/eiii,  he  had  coinmand  of  her  on  the 
■^ston,,  and  Vamhill  routes,  remainiuK  alioul  three  years.  On  leaving  the  Sn/iiii  he  purchased  the  steamer  Maii-iiiiillit,  in 
parliu>.hip  with  Captain  Jones,  and  served  as  master  for  two  years,  subsecpieiitly  K'li'iK  '<'  ''"^  steamer  />ii//e.s  City  for  a  short  lime. 
Oiu'ninpletion  of  the  Willamette  steamer  /uij;iiie  be  was  put  in  cliar).;e  and  is  still  rnnuiiiK  her. 


CAIT.    l-'lt'.IK    OIMN 


l-.tl 


"I    r 


1:1 


\' 


;i  M 


¥\if 


234 


Lewis  c?  Drydens  Marine  l-iistory  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


CaIT.   Will  lAM    II.  Sl-AlirKV 


largest  steamer  yet  constructed  on  Shoalwater  Bay,  the  General  Canby.  was  launched  at  South  Bend  in  1S71;  for 

the  Ilwaco  Steam  Navigation  Company,  of  which  L,.  A.  Looniis"  was  manager.     The  General  Canby  ai lived  al 

Astoria  on  her  first  trip  September  i6th,  in  charge  of  Capt.  John  S:hofield,  who  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  \V.  P. 

Whitcomb,"  and  in  command  of  the  latter  she  continued  on  the  Ilwaco  route,  with  occasional  trips  to  dray's 

Harboi  and  Shoalwater  Bay,  and  in  the  towing  service.     Whitcomb  remained  in  charge  until  1882,  when  he  left 

to  take  command  of  the  new  steamer  General  Miles,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Thomas  Parker,  who  has  had  charge  for  over  twelve  years.  r 

Capt.  George  A.  Whitcomb'''  also  served  on  the  steamer,  and  W.  H. 

Clough  was  her  first  engineer.     In  1S94  the  Ilwaco  Railway  &  Navi- 
gation  Company,   which    succeeded    the    Ilwaco   Steam    Navigation 

Company,  sold   the  steamer  to  I'ugel  Sound  parties,  and  since  her 

arrival    at   Seattle   she  has  been  on  the   Port  Orchard   route.     The 

Canby  is  ninety-three  feet  long,  eighteen   feet  beam,  seven   feet  six 

inches   hold,  with   engines   eighteen    by   twent';    inches.     Capt.    Al 

Harris,"'  well  known  in  marine  circles  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia, 

assisted   in    her    construction.     The    steamer    '/'easer,  built    on    the 

middle  river,  was  brought  over  the  Cascades  for  the  Oregon  Steam 

Navigation  Company  by  J.  W.  Brazee  and  Kngineer  Carroll  and  was 

sent  to  Paget  Sound,  ar     ing  at  Seattle,  July    8th,  going   to  work 

on  the  Snohomi.sh  route.     The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company 

al.so  .sold  the  steamers  Ol/er  and  W'enal  for  service  on  the  Sound,  the 

former  arriving  at  Seattle,  September  20tli,  and  entering  the  .service 

of  the  Renton  Coal  Company.     Tlie  M'enal  was  subsecpiently  in  the 

employ  of  the  coai  company  on  Black  River.     At  Coos  Bay  the  steam 

tug   Fearless,  built  at  San   Francisco  the  previous  year,   made  her 

appearance    in    command   of  Capt.   James  Hill,  who  remained  with 

her  for  fourteen  years,  with  the  exception  of  two,  when  she  was  in 

charge   of  Capt.    Robert    I.,awson    and   Capt.    John    Krickson.     Tlie 

Fearless  was  eighty-five  feet   long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  nine 

feet  hold.  She  was  employed  at  Coos  Bay  and  the  Umpqua.  with 
occasional  trips  to  the  Columbia,  until  1889,  when  .she  jierisliecl 
with  all  on  board  (see  wreck  of  Fearless,  1S891.  The  ste.inier 
J^es/less,  a  small  steniwheeler,  was  constructed  at  Oardiner  in  is;; 

''L.  .A.  I.ooinis,  wlio,  for  the  past  twciily-("ivf  xejirs,  li;is  hetii  a  cniisjiic. 
noil.'!  figure  in  IraiispdrtiUioii  eircle.s  on  SlioaKvater  Hay  ami  the  Ir.wer  Cnhniiliia, 
came  to  tile  Paoilio  Coast  in  1S52,  ami  after  mining'  f4)r  a  few  years  took  up  liis 
resiilenee  at  I'aeifie  City,  now  known  as  Ihvaeo.  In  1S37  he  returiu-il  lo  the 
Kast,  remaining  until  after  the  close  of  the  war.  ami  came  West  ajraiii  in  IS;:. 
He  cstahlisheil  a  sta^je  line  from  Ilwaco  to  Oysterville  in  1.S73,  and  artcrHanl 
ortjani/.ed  the  Ilwaco  .Steam  Naviyalioii  Compiiny,  which  was  a  forenimier  ui 
the  present  Ilwaco  Railway  ^c  Navigation  Company,  of  which  Mr.  l.n.niiis  is 
president.  His  first  steamer  was  the  ^,Vw('/'(// (  (/wAr,  and  in  I.SSI  she  \\  i^  rein- 
forced liv  the  (:'eiiiiitl  MiliS.  In  iS7,S  he  organized  the  .Shoalwater  Hay  \ 
tiray's  Harbor  Transporlatioii  Conipanv,  built  the  sle.-imers  t>i'}it'itU  i,\init'hf, 
Mitntesofio  and  (ioi't'tnor  Xr:eell,  and  was  itresiileiil  ttf  this  company  diirin.yils 
entire  existence.  When  the  Ilwaco  Railway  >S:  Navigation  Company  supersedeil 
the  old  corjjoration,  Mr.  I.oomis  ctnitinned  in  charge,  and  has  receiill\  incieased 
the  (leet  by  purch.asitig  and  rebuilding  the  Suottii.  now  running  uii<ier  ilii'  iiaiiit- 
l/:<'iit<>,  also  with  the  handsome  steamer  (  hrtin  H'tt:r,  constructed  for  the  seasiile 
tra\'el  between  Portland  and  Ilwaco. 

"Capt.  W.  I'.  Wliilcomli.  the  second  brother  of  a  well  known  U\m\\\  ol 
steamboat  ca])t<'iins.  w.is  born  in  Oregon  in  1S4S.  and  has  been  engaged  in  llie 
marine  business  up,ward  of  thirty  years,  serving  lor  nearly  twenty  five  vc.trs  as 
master.  He  w.as  in  the  employ  of  tlie  Ilwaco  Sle.iin  Niivigati(ui  Company  for 
over  ten  years,  handling  their  steamers  (irihi,i/  1  \iii/iy  and  liciifiiil  .I//A  >.  Tlie 
latter  wiis  engaged  mostly  in  the  coasting  trade  and  in  towing  on  the  Colntiibia 
bar.  ill  which  service  Captain  Whitcomb  has  been  very  successful.  .\b"iit  l>it9 
he  became  weary  of  the  continual  tossing  on  the  rough  waters  of  the  liarbor 
bars  and  went  iiilaml,  purchasing  an  interest  in  the  Kellogg  Transpinlalioii 
Coinpaiiy  and  taking  conimaml  of  the  steamer  Joseph  /\'e//i'i;i^,  whicli  !i'-'  lias 
since  handled  on  the  Cowlitz  route. 
''Capt.  Cieorge  A.  Whitcoinh  was  horn  in  Will.i|m  in  1S5.1,  and  in  i.SS?  coinineiiced  stcamboatiiig  on  the  Heiieral  (  anl'i,  uii 
which  he  served  as  male  for  two  years.  He  was  afterward  master  of  the  I'aiHiia  for  a  few  months  and  later  on  of  the  (''• 
wdiicli  he  oper.aled  between  the  Columbia  and  dray's  Harbor,  lie  then  returned  to  .Shoalwater  Hay  and  joined  the  steanu' 
Heiul.  remaining  with  her  as  master  for  nine  years  on  the  Itay,  Cray's  Harbor  and  the  Columbia  River.  He  was  also  er; 
on  the  steamer  /('A//'  lUiU  for  a  year  as  i)ilol. 

"Ciipt.   Ai    Harris  was  born   in    liiilTalo,   N.  V.,  in    |S(.S.     While  a  boy  he  served  ill  the  army  during  the  Civil  W  1 
wandered  about  the  West  until  1.S64,  when  he  went  to  the  Colnmbia  River  and  assisted  in  liuildiiig  the  ste.inier  (ieiieiitl  Civr  ' 
was  afterward  master  of  the  I'tininii  and  a  iiiiniher  of  other  small  steamers  out  of  .\storia.     In    iSSi   he  entered  the  I'tiiU  ■ 
Life  .Saving  .Service  as  keeper  of  the  station  at  I'ort  Canby,  reinainiiig  in  charge  for  iiearlv  thirteen  \-e.'irs,  during  which  !  1 
made  an  enviable  reconl  for  ellicieiicy  in  his  work    ami  was  instrumental  in  rescuing  a  great  many  people.     He  retired  ' 
service  about  a  year  ago  and  is  now  living  near  Ilwaco. 


William  McCUKe 


Soiilli 
■■'iint-il 


,  ali.l 
Ih' 
-late> 
le  111' 
11  the 


Loss  of  the  '  'Pacillc, "  New  Transportation  Companies  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia 


235 


by  I.  li  iMiiniery.  She  was  first  in  command  of  Captains  Reed"  and  Wade,  who  were  succeeded  by  A.  V,. 
Small,  K.  M.  Cliapiiian  and  Godfrey  Seymour,  the  latter  having  had  charge  for  the  past  ten  years.  The 
stcamci  IS  still  running,  although  she  has  been  rebuilt  and  altered  considerably  since  she  was  launched. 
Her  dimensions  are  :  length,  .seventy-two  feet ;  beam,  sixteen  feet ;  depth  of  hold,  four  feet  six  inches,  with 
engints  nine  by  thirty-six  inches. 

liranch  licen.ses  were  issued  in  1S75  by  I'ilot  Commissioners 
Wadliaiiis,  Wan   Dusen   and  Warren   to  Ivric  Johnson,   ICli   Hilton  ^     »fc^ 

and  Thomas  Doig,  Columbia  bar  pilots;   to  Phil  John.son,  P.  K.  '™^, 

Ferclion,  H.  A.  Snow,  Granville  Reed,  M.  M.  Gilman,  Irving 
SlevL-ns,  Hiram  Brown  and  Richard  Hoyt,  river  pilots.  Corape- 
tilioii  on  the  steamship  lines  north  from  vSan  Francisco  was 
confined  mostly  to  the  steamers  running  to  Victoria.  The  fare 
on  the  /'iiti/ir  and  Salvador  occasionally  dropped  to  S4  cabin  and 
$2  .steerage.  The  Pacific  Mail  Company  operated  the  steamer 
Molwiiiifl,  Charles  Thorn,  captain,  J.  G.  B.  King,  chief  engineer. 
She  was  an  iron  sidewheeler  of  1,300  tons  built  for  the  Govern- 
ment in  iSr)4  and  .sold  to  HoUaday  after  the  clo.se  of  the  war. 
Tlie  Wxsco  Ihi  Ciaiiia,  a  1,900-ton  steamship  constructed  for  the 
China  trade  in  1S73,  was  on  the  \'ictoria  route  in  July  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  Pacific  Mail.  She  was  in  command  of  Capt.  J.  T. 
Rice,  C.  H.  Hewett,'"  first  ofiicer,  James  Taylor,  chief  engineer, 
and  1'.  C.  Howard,  purser.  In  August  the  new  steamship  City  of 
I'ltikinia.  Captain  vSeabury,"  I).  H.  Grifiith,'  first  officer,  made 
licr  initial  trip  to  Victoria  and  the  Sound.  She  had  been  built 
at  John  Roach's  yard  a  few  months  before,  nnd  in  command  of 
Scahury  ran  north  for  several  years.  The  steamship  Dakota, 
Morse,  captain,  McClure,  '  chief  engineer,  came  on  the  route  in 
Octolicr  and  continued  there  for  nearly  ten  years.     Morse  left  her 

in    i8,S3    to   take   command   of    the   steamship    .l/ui/n/a,  where   he 
J.,   ,  -v7.^r^:-^         .still    remains.     Among  the  engineers  .serving  on   the  steamer  were 


Milks  SiioKr 


\ 


'^Capt.  J.  C.  Reed,  of  Ho(|iuam,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Maine  and  came  to 
tlie  Pacific  Coast  a!)Out  ci>,Miteen  years  a>,'(>.  His  first  work  was  on  llie  rinjHiua 
River  with  the  steamer  A\'s//t'S5,  on  wlncli  he  served  tor  five  vears,  tlK-iiee  M*'i'iK 
lo  Ciray's  Har!)or  for  a  year  with  the  steamer  Afdi^o.  He  subsi.-([uently  rt'lurnecl 
to  Coos  Bay,  where  he  ran  the  Cmiser  for  a  year  and  then  took  eomniand  of  the 
Traveler,  of  which  he  has  been  master  for  the  past  ei^ht  years,  oju  ralini;  her 
and  occasionally  other  tuj,;s  for  tlie  same  company  on  thu  rmpipia.  CoUnnhia 
River,  Coos  Hay  and  dray's  Ilarhor  bars. 

'■"Capt.  Charles  II.  Ilewett  was  horn  in  ICnjj^laud  in  iSjo  and  hej^MU  sail- 
inj^  on  Hnj^lish  vessels  over  fifty  yars  aj^^o.  I'roin  this  voration  hf  went  lo  the 
Cnnard  .Steamshi]>  I, me  anil  remained  tliere  for  nianv  years.  He  entered  iht* 
employ  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  in  1.S50  and  n-laint-d  his  position 
for  over  thirty  years,  most  of  the  time  on  the  I'acific  Co;ist.  lie  lell  this  service 
to  lake  command  of  the  Pacific  Improvenieiit  Com])an\ 's  steamshiii  .S'i/«  l\iiro, 
where  he  remained  until  s!ie  was  lost  in  iSyi. 

"Capt.  William  H.  Seahnry  was  born  in  New  Hedford,  Mass..  in  iVio,  and 
commenceil  Ids  marine  service  at  Philadelphia  while  a  bny  on  a  vessel  in  the 
Itra/il  sn^jar  trade.  He  was  employeil  on  sailiiij;  vessels  out  of  New  York  until 
1S64.  his  last  siiip  beinj^  the  (•trtriiiit\  of  which  he  was  first  officer.  He  then 
jnitic"!  the  steamship  (ht\}n  Outvi  of  Ctnnmodore  Vanderlnll's  line  as  (juarler- 
master  and  then  as  second  ami  first  mate.  In  iS(i5  he  oceujiietl  the  former 
position  on  the  steamship  /<ii//ii\  ruiinin,Li  to  the  Isthmus,  in  December,  iS;^ 
subsequently  joining  the  (hcnaiLi  as  tirst  olVicer.  Soon  after  her  arrival  in  San 
I'raneisco  in  March,  1S7.),  he  was  i)r()moled  lo  the  ca]>tainc^  of  the  steanishij) 
.Irizonti.  In  March,  1S75.  he  was  j^iven  command  i^i  the  C  i/v  of  I\in,i)Hii,  run- 
\\'\\\)i.  norlli  with  her  tor  four  years,  except  for  a  few  trips  when  she  was  relieveil 
by  tile  Conslititii<i>i  and  .^/ti^i'd,  which  he  also  handled,  and  was  in  command  of 
tlie  former  when  she  was  burueil.  While  in  the  employ  of  (lie  I'acific  Mad  lie 
had  cliarj^e  of  all  the  lar^e  steamers  owned  by  that  coni]>any  ami  superintended 
the  hnildinj.;  of  the  steamer  (V/ifta,  nearly  evcrv  detail  ol  her  eonslrnction  beiny 
left  ti»  his  jud^meiU.  He  look  cammand  of  her  iis  soon  as  slie  was  completed 
ainl  h.is  run  her  since  between  San  I'raneisco  and  China. 

"D.  Iv  (Vritlilh,  male  and  master,  was  born  in  New  jersey  in  iSj^  and  enlisted  in  the  I'nited  Slates  Navy  during'  the  Civil 
\y.ii.  ii  llie  dose  of  which  he  went  into  the  deep  water  trade.  In  1S6S  iie  visited  San  I'raneisco  as  (|uarlermaster  on  the  steam  hip 
.\'t-/'iiiU-ii,  afterward  occup\iii)^  similar  positions  on  the  MotUtUiii,  Sacraturn/o  and  l'ohUiuii\  and  subsetpienlly  served  as  third  and 
^eci)i;d  ollicers  on  these  steamers.  He  was  lirsl  oflieer  w  iih  Captain  Sealmry  on  the  Cilv  of  f\v!aiiui,  and  ran  north  ou  the  /hi/,->/if 
tor  about  two  years,  miumanilin.^  tlie  steamship  for  a  few  trips  dnrint,;  the  absence  of  Cajitain  Morse.  With  the  e\ce]Uiou  <d  an 
iiiterv.il  from  iss^i  to  i.St^j,  he  was  in  continnous  service  on  ihe  Pacifu'  Coast  for  twenty-seven  years,  ami  was  first  oMicer  of  the 
I'aoifn  Mail  Steamshiji  Company's  steamsliip  Coliinn  when  slie  foundered  otf  Man/anillo.  Mexico,  May  27,  iSy5,  ^'oinj,;;  down  with 
die  >liip,  in  which  calaslmphe  iS7  people  lost  tlieir  lives. 

;  William  McClure,  chief  enj^ineer,  was  horn  in  Ivnj^land  in  iS;,2  and  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  as  water  tender  on  the  old 
lip  Coloriuio,  and  when  she  went  on  the  Panama  route  he  was  jinmioted  to  the  positit>n  of  third  assistant  engineer.  He 
>ed  in  tlie  employ  of  the  Pacitic  Mail  to  Panama  and  lo  Chimi  until  187(1.  when  he  was  appointed  chief  on  the  /hikofu,  and  in 
[lafity  ran  north  four  years,  niakinj^  occasional  trips  on  tlie  .tlaska  i\\u\  Couslifution.  After  leaviiij;  the  northern  route 
III  runuinK  l"  China,  and  has  since  remained  in  that  trade,  beiu^j  at  piesent  chief  engineer  on  the  CHy  of  Ptkiu^. 


I-lPWAHU    I'      WO«U 


steam 
coinii 
that  I 
liel. 


1:1 


I   '  1 


■i  i 


1  ■  ■■ 

I     ■  '. 
\   .   1 


V:-\ 

■  H 

i;' 


Pf 


'     ! 


I 

i 


236 


Lewis  <S  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


CAIT.  W,    H.     PATTl'RSnN 


Edward  P.  Woods,"  Miles  Short"  and  Charles  Carson.''     In   1878  \.\\e  Dakota  reduced  the  record  from  \'ictoria 

to  San  Francisco  to  sixty-six  hours.     The  Los  Angeles,  which  was  on  the  northern  routes,  was  in  coiuinaiHl 

of  Captain  ShoU,  with  Jeff  Howell,  afterward  lost  on  the  Paci/te,  as  mate.     She  broke  a  shaft  off  Tillamook 

in    February  and  was   given    up   for   lost,  hut    Howell   landed   on    the   beach   and   made  his  way  overland  to 

Astoria,  where  he  secured  a  tug,  which  towed  the  vessel  into  port. 
The  Gussie  Telfair,  Capt.  John  Gardiner,  was  back  on  her  old  run  in 
1875,  making  trips  from  Portland  to  Neah  Bay,  Port  Town.seiid,  S,in 
Ji.ian,  Orcas  I.sland,  Victoria,  New  Westminster  and  Nanaimo. 

The  Oregon  Steamship  Company,  which  still  retained  possession 
of  the  Utile  Cali/oniia,  operated  her  on  the  route  from  X'ictoria  to 
the  Cassiar  mines,  Sitka  and  Fort  Wrangel.  When  the  steamship  war 
ended,  the  Goodall,  Nelson  &  Perkins  Steamship  Company,  consistiiij; 
of  Charles  Goodall,  Chris  Nelson,  George  C.  Perkins,  John  O'Farrell, 
John  Ro.senfeld,  N.  S.  Winganger  and  Edwin  Goodall,  purchased  from 
the  Pacific  Mail  Company  the  steamships  A/olioiigo,  Orizaba,  Sciialor, 
Paci/h,  (ripsy  and  Call/'on/ia  for  $230,000,  and  also  secured  the  Fiilehilcr 
from  William  Kohl.  They  afterward  .sold  the  California  to  Xidiola.s 
liichard  for  $10,000,  and  the  pioneer  steamship  was  converted  into  a 
bark.  The  Pacific  Mail  Company  also  dispo.sed  of  their  sidewheelers 
Cosia  A'/ea,  OregoHtan,  Golden  Age  and  Nevada  to  a  company  in 
Japan,  retiring  from  all  Coast  routes,  but  reserving  the  right  to  land 
their  Panama  steamers  at  any  of  the  docks  along  the  southern  coast. 
On  Paget  Sound,  Contractor  Moore  began  filling  his  mail  contract 
with  the  steamer  Favorile,  commanded  by  Capt.  W.  I.  Waitt,  with 
the  HIakely  assisting.  The  Starr  Brothers,  who  had  developed  into 
fighters  fully  as  aggressive  as  Finch  &  Wright,  their  predecessors, 
reduced  the  fare  on  the  North  Pacific  until  in  June  passengers  were 
carried  from  Olympia  to  \'ictoria  and  return  for  twenty-five  cents,  and 

the  rate   through   to   Portland  was   but   $7.50.     Samuel   Coulter   of 

Portland    purchased    the   steamer  /.  /)'.   Libby  and   operated   her  on 

the  Bellingham  Bay  mail  routes  semi-weekly.     The  Cassiar  mining 

excitement   made   .steamboating   on    the    Stickeen    River    profitable. 

Capt.  John  Irving  was  running  the  steamer   Glenora,  and  William 

Moore  built  the  Gertmde  and  started  her  there  in  opposition.     The 

Otter,    Captain    McCulloch,    made    a    few    trips    to    the    new    gold 

region  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and   the  Grappler,  Captain 

■'Kilwnrd  1'.  Woods,  engineer,  was  Imrii  in  Milton.  N.  V.,  in  iS(2,  and 
in  1.S5S  readied  tlie  raciilc  Coast  on  the  steamship  llttiiuiii,  witli  whicli  lie 
remained  until  she  was  laid  up.  .\fter\vard,  when  the  Ut'iman  re.-ippeared  iu 
the  \'icloria  trade,  lie  worked  as  hrst  assistant,  leaviiif^  her  to  enter  the  service 
of  the  I'acific  Mail  Company.  He  was  eiij,Myed  two  years  on  the  steamer  (,'o/ileii 
■  iKt',  after  which  he  joined  the  .Sttiraiiun/o  and  suliseiiuently  the  steamer 
C/iirtfi,  all  on  the  Panama  route,  and  was  then  employed  on  the  steamships 
i'o/onuli>  and  Iheal  Hr/'uHiv  for  two  years  in  the  China  trade,  .\ficr  this  he 
visited  New  York  on  a  revenue  cutter,  returning  fourteen  mouths  later  on  the 
.steamer  Ciilomn,  with  whicli  he  ran  to  Australia  !■  r  a  few  mouths,  and  then 
aj^aiii  went  hack  to  New  York  and  came  out  on  llu-  steanishij)  Sail  J-'ttiiitisto, 
with  wliicli  he  remained  for  a  year,  leaving  her  for  the  steamshi|i  Ihikula,  ruu- 
niiiK  to  l'uj;et  Sound.  While  there  he  met  Capt.  Tom  Wrij^hl  and  was  induced 
to  HO  on  the  /:7/ri;  ,liicl,rson.  lie  was  in  that  locality  for  about  a  year,  and 
llien  went  to  San  I'rancisco  ami  s])ent  several  _\ears  in  the  northern  lumber 
trade  on  the  schooner  I.elia.  In  iSSy  he  joined  the  old  whaler  /•'i/fiilere  and 
spent  a  year  in  the  .\rctic  on  a  whaling  expedition,  lie  was  subseqiienth'  in 
the  employ  of  tile  Alaska  Commercial  Company  and  the  .Alaska  racking  .Asso- 
ciation, making  several  vo^a^es  north  in  their  service.  lie  also  spent  stniie 
time  on  the  steamers  /  'iiiiiire  and  Tilliiiiiook,  and,  when  the  old  ste.imship 
Wilmington  was  ruiniin^  to  Honolulu,  he  hail  chiir^^e  of  her  engines,  lie  at 
present  is  connected  with  the  I'iniliiiil. 

•'Jliles  Short,  cuHiueer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  iS|2  and  shipped  on  the  steamer  Uritis/i  (Jiiee/i,  sailing  between  I,iv< 
and  Havre,  in  1S61.  He  w.is  afterward  on  stcanishiiis  plying  to  South  .Atlantic,  Mediterranean  and  lllack  Sea  ports  until  1S7I), 
he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  ('i/y  n/'  A'crc  i'oik,  servin>;  for  five  years  as  assistant  ciiKiueer.  He  subsei|nciitly  r.in  : 
for  a  year  and  a  half  on  the  steainslii|i  /'(i/m/i/,  and  after  leaving  her  was  engaged  as  assistant  engineer  on  y\\e  Salinas,  .lh\ 
nuuiaii,  i'lii/iiiiia  and  .Santa  Cm::.  He  was  with  the  .lli  vtinittr  Diiman  over  three  years,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
on  shore  has  been  with  the  Santa  Cm:  for  over  live  years. 

■'Charles  Carson,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1.S.12,  commencing  his  marine  life  in  his  native  city.  He  I'.n 
the  Pacific  Coast  ill  1.S62  as  oiler  on  the  steamship  ( 'nn^lihition,  remaining  with  her  for  nine  years,  and  finally  reached  the  p' 
of  chief  engineer,  which  he  held  lor  three  years,  alter  which  he  put  iu  two  years  in  a  similar  position  on  the  sleanisliip  Cliiih\ 
was  subsecpiently  chief  on  the  Cirat  /\\-pnMit.  the  /hikoln.  with  which  he  ran  north  for  three  years,  the  Cutitiia,  the  (iienm/ 
the  .San  Jose.  He  resigned  from  the  latter  steamship  because  of  ill  health  and  remained  ashore  lour  years.  Oil  his  return  ; 
profession  he  became  chief  engineer  on  the  steam  schooner  /ea/n'r.  which  he  left  for  a  similar  position  on  the  ('osino/>otis,  a; 
months  later  returneil  to  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Mail  on  tile  tug  Millen  Ciiffitli,  where  he  has  since  remained. 


Cai't.  John  C.  Oork 


\  hell 
lorth 

linie 


.■  t(i 
inll 
lie 
tiiil 
llie 


iiii  ^  a 


m 


Loss  of  the  "Pacific,"  New  Transportation  Companies  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia 


237 


III 


William  Scott,''  was  also  running  north.  The  Royal  Cily.  a  fine  sternwheeler  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
feet  loll);  and  twenty-six  feet  beam,  with  engines  twenty  by  sixty  inches,  was  launched  on  the  Fraser  by  Captain 
Parson--,  making  her  lirbiil  April  14th  between  New  Westminster  and  Vale,  in  command  of  Captain  Insley.  The 
steaiiKi'  was  afterward  secured  by  Capt.  John  Irving  and  under  his  management  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
iiuniLiinis  steamboat  wars  on  that  river.  With  the  exception  of  Irving,  the  two  Odins  "  were  the  most  prominent 
inastei  s  of  the  steamer. 

Victoria's  steam  fleet  was  further  increased  l)y  the  tug  /ilia  IV/iili'.  completed  a  few  years  before  on  Puget 
Souml.  and,  in  December,  McQuade  &  Co.  launched  the  /lonansa,  a  schooner-rigged  craft  ninety-two  feet  long, 
tweiitv -six  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold.  On  I'uget  Sound  T.  W.  Lake''  built  the  Fanny  /.akr,  a  fine 
stern  wheeler,  for  Me.ssrs.  Diggs  &.  True,  who  operated  her  in  the  White  River  trade.  Hall  Brothers'  .shipyard  at 
Port  Ludlow  added  seven  fine  vessels  to  the  Pacific  Coast  sailing  fleet.  They  were  the  two-masted  .schooners 
./««/(■  Ar/c,  11)5  tons;  Cassir  llay-ivard,  rg;  tons;  Ida  Schnauer,  215  tons;  Au  Gerontle,  204  tons;  .Inicrhan 
Girl.  .'25  tons;  three-masted  schooner /;";«/««  Ullcr.  297  tons;  William  /.. /leebe,  296  tons.  Ofthe.se  the  Ida 
SdiiKuirr,  now  owned  by  A.  P.  Lorentzen  of  San  Francisco,  the  Enivia  UlUi ,  by  F.  Gee,  the  /.a  Girondr,  by 
H.  J.  I.tnnswaldt,  and  the  .  linnitan  Girl,  by  C.  G.  Athearn  of  San  Francisco,  are  still  in  active  .service.  The 
L.  /.  /V/rr,  a  schooner  which  for  the  past  dozen  years  has  been  ruiniing  as  a  steamer,  was  launched  at  Port 
Gamble  in  July.  Her  dimensions  are  :  length,  .seventy  feet  ;  beam,  sixteen  feet  ;  depth  of  hold,  five  feet.  The 
schooner  Pio  llenilo,  built  by  Hall  Brothers  in   1H74,  was  wrecked  in  August  on  the  Central  American  coast. 

Coos  Bay   also  added  a  couple  of  fine  vessels  to  the  coasting  fleet,   the  .schooner   Pannonia,   2411  tons, 
constructed  for  Captain   Cos- 
telle,   and  the  three-masted        y^ 

schooner  Laura  May,   t,^o  ^^ 

tons,  for  H.  B.  Deane  &  Co. 
Both  of  these  were  built  by 
II.  R.  Reed  at  Marshfield, 
and  the  latter  is  .still  afloat, 
the  Pannonia  having  been 
wrecked  near  the  South  .Sea 
Islands  a  few  years  ago. 

Among  the  fast  passa- 
ges of  the  Northwestern  fleet 
were  those  of  the  Jam-  .1. 
Falkcnberg  from  Honolulu  to 
.\storia  in  a  few  hours  less 
than  thirteen  days,  and  of  the 
ship  Calhcrcr  over  the  same 
course  in  fifteen  days.  The  re- 
markal)le  feature  of  the  latter 
performance  consisted  in  cov- 
ering 1,073  niiles  in  seventy- 
two  hours,  her  runs  for  three 
consecutive  days  being  375.  350  and  348  miles  respectively.  The  ship  WaUrn  Shoic  beat  the  steamshii)  Orillantmc 
two  and  a  half  hours  on  the  trip  from  San  I'rancisco  to  the  Columbia  River.  The  Oiri^oii  Plyrr  left  the  Bay  City 
at  noon  November  27th  and  reached  the  Columl)ia  River,  December  ist,  making  the  run  in  .seventy-six  hours. 

Steamboats  were  a  novelty  as  yet  on  Shoalwater  Bay,  and  passengers,  mail  and  freight  were  carried  in 
swift-sailing  .schooners  and  sloops.     Among  the  best  known  of  the.se  craft  were  :  the  Giral  /■'ni;l<\  Capt.  John 

■'Capt.  William  .Scott  was  born  in  I.oniloii  in  iS-,y,  anil  at  tliu  age  of  fonrtt'eii  was  sailiiiK  onl  of  MellioiiniL-  in  nii'u-iiaiit 
vessels.  In  [S56  he  was  master  ol'  ilie  sieainship  ' ioUh'n  ./;'(■  Itetween  San  I'Vanciscn  an<l  rainima,  in  1S5S  (inartertnastrr  with 
DeWdllonthe  lir,Ulur  Joiialluiu.wwA  later  on  the  l.ahoucliii, .  and  also  ran  as  mate  ami  seooml  mate  on  tin-  old  /■'idrtalt-r. 
Jlt'i  'I  >i<lt'r  ai\i\  h'n/('r/>rist\  In  1S72  he  was  on  tlu-  i'ittifh'o  and  Fly,  in  1S75  was  master  of  the  sloop  I'hoi  nton,  and  al'tt-rward 
took  roinmanil  of  the  lliiif'f'lii-.  In  1S76  he  was  appointed  pilot  for  tlie  N'ictoria  district  and  contiuued  there  for  seven  years.  In 
1SS4  hf  took  charge  of  the  steamer  Pilot,  and  after  rnnning  her  for  a  time  retired  from  the  water.  He  spent  a  seasini  in  the 
Carilioo  Tnin'iig  district  in  i.Sdi,  and  in  iS()2  ran  lietwecn  Victoria  and  thu  Sandwich  Islands  on  the  schooner  .  Illuiiii.  He  was  .also 
second  mate  on  the  hark  MiDilia  AWlroii/  in  1S69  helwet-n  \'ictoria  and  .Australia,  and  at  intt-rvals  between  llit-  dates  mentioned  has 
been  engaged  in  nmrine  ventnres  on  his  own  aeconrU  in  the  West  coast  trade. 

'"Capt.  I'rank  Odin,  of  New  Westminster,  li.  C,  was  born  at  Point  Roberts,  Washington  Territory,  in  iS6^,  ami  began 
steauihnating  on  the  1-raser  River  in  1877.  lie  is  a  son  of  the  well  known  CajH.  George  Odin  anil  naturally  rose  rapidly  from  the 
ranks  .itlaining  conunand  of  the  A'liynl  I'i/v  before  he  reached  his  majority.  He  ran  on  the  h'rasL-r  as  pilot  with  Capt.  John  Irving 
for  ni  uiy  years,  and  was  one  of  the  (irst  m.isters  on  tlie  npper  Colnmbia.  Rootenai  and  Skeena  rivers,  lie  left  the  steamer  Calfdtinia 
on  l!u  I.ist-named  stream  in  iSy2  ami  since  that  time  has  been  rntniing  on  the  I'raser.  His  reputation  as  a  swift-water  navigator  is 
second  to  none,  and  his  skill  .and  fearlessness  in  handling  steamers  in  dangerous  places  in  foggy  weather  and  on  dark  nights  has 
earned  for  him  the  sobriipiet  "  nightliawk."  Captain  Odin  is  still  following  his  profession  on  the  l-'raser,  and  has  recently  been 
coiniei  led  with  the  steamer  Timisfii . 

'  'I'.  W.  I,ake,  boatbnilder,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S25  and  began  the  constrnetion  of  boats  at  Seattle  in  1S74.  His  first 
proilii;  I  w.is  tile  steamer  h\inny  l.ixkr,  which  he  launched  for  Captain  True.  The  following  year  he  bnilt  the  lug  lli<f>r,  and 
since  ben  has  completed  the  steamers  l.illir.  Una,  l'>aisy,  /.  /•-'.  Iloydni,  A'diniri;  /.nil'.  I.i'iir  Fislinnhui,  Hiiik,  J.  C.  Ihilhiin, 
W.l    Miiniih,  J.  A'.  McDonald,  ihtidtnl,  ICllii,  1,'ittit;  Island  Ucllc,  Miibcl,  ( 'n.d  ifi/r.«,  and  one  or  two  others. 


Sll:A^M.K    ".Al.MOTA"    AT    WAWAWA    I.AMiINO.    SNAKI.    KIVER 


•i: 


*  ■  *' 


238 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


i 


i  c : 


:a 


Brown  ;   Mary  Soiile,  Al  Soule  ;  Minerva,  J.  H.  Whitcoinb  ;  Serena,  Charles  I'itiley  ;  Lib  Sniilh.  James  Johnson  ; 

.  h /fill is/a,   E.   O.    Loomis ;   /fiiinmiiii;    Bird,   Thomas  Crelliii  ;    and  Mary    \'.    .\farion,   Richard    Marion.     Tht 

Colnmbia  River  grain  fleet  for   1S75  was  smaller  in  number,  but  the  total  tonnage  was  much  greater  than  the 

year  preceding.     It  included  twenty-nine  British  ships,  ten   British  barks,  two  Norwegian  barks,   two  Curmaii 

barks,  five  .-\merican  barks,  and  four  American  ships,  including  the 
Oregon  built  Wcs/em  .S/ion .  making  a  total  of  fifty-two  vessels,  the 
most  important  of  which  was  the  British  '•hip  Jlaivii  .l/ui/air,  i,-o,s 
tons,  the  largest  ship  that  had  yet  visited  the  port.  The  smallest  of 
the  fleet  was  the  Britisl  bark  Carii  Tual,  41/1  tons.  Twentyt'onr  of 
the  vessels  were  over  1,000  tons,  sixteen  over  i,.'oo  tons,  and  .six 
of  them  over  1,400  tons. 

The  farmers  of  the  Willamette  Valley,  from  the  days  of  the 
ffoosier  and  tlie  James  Clinton,  were  hostile  to  anything  wliicli  l)oie 
the  appearance  of  a  monopoly,  and,  as  a  result,  it  was  always  an  easy 
undertaking  to  form  a  steamboat  company  along  the  waters  of  that 
stream.  The  first  organization  of  this  nature  after  the  collapse  of 
the  Willamette  Transportation  Company  was  the  Farmers'  Trans- 
portation Company,  incorporated  in  July,  i.Sf6,  at  Oregon  City,  liy 
Capt.  J.  W.  Cochrane,  F.  O.  McCown  and  F.  Dement.  Tlie  new- 
company  made  contracts  with  the  farmers  by  whicli  they  agreed  to 
carry  wheat  from  November  15,  1876,  until  June  i,  1.S77,  at  a  rate  of 
ten  cents  per  bushel.  To  fulfill  this  agreement  the  steamer  .S'.  /". 
Cliurch  was  launched  at  Portland  in  November,  departing  on  her 
first  trip  December  19th  and  returning  a  few  days  later  with  one 
hundred  and  seventy-three  tons  of  wheat.  Captain  Cochrane  nas 
in  command  during  the  first  year  of  her  career,  but  in  1S77,  wlien 
she  pas.sed  into  the  hands  of  the  People's  Protective  Transportation 
Company,  L.  V,.  Pratt  was  put  in  charge,  remaining  until  1.S79,  when 

.she  became  the  property  of  the  Oregon    Steam    Navigation    Company. 

Captains    Haughman,    Ivmken,   Wil.son,    K.    F.   Coe,   Bailey,   Patterson," 

Short,  Gore,  and  a  number  of  others,  then  handled  the  old  craft  until 

-she  ended    her  career  in   the   latter  part  of  the  eighties.     The    .S'.    '/'. 

Chuixli  was  one  hundred  and   .seventy  feet  long,  thirty-five   feet  beam, 

five   feet   hold,  with   engines   seventeen    by  .seventy-two   inches.      The 

People's  Protective  Transportation  Company,  which  succeeded  Cochrane 

and  his  associates,  was  officered  as  follows  ;    Henry  Warren,  president  ; 

J.  C.  Cooper,  .secretary  ;    H.  Warren,  W.   McChristraan,  \V.  T.  Newby, 

J.    K.    Sampson    and    W.    Savage,    directors.     They    built   the   .steamer 

MiMinniillc   at   Canemah    for   the   Yamhill    River   trade,  and   she  was 

launched  in  November,  but  did  not  make  her  trial  trip  until  February, 

1S77.     Capt.  I.  B.  Sanborn,  the  C(LUr  d'Alene  steamboatman,  was  master 

until  1S79.  and  from  that  date  until  i.Syi  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation 

Company's  Willamette  captains  had  charge  of  her.     In  February  of  that 

year  she  was  taken  to  Salem  and  used  as  a  wharf  boat  until  November, 

and  was  then  dismantled  and  burned  to  obtain  her  iron. 

Financial  reverses  had  eliminated  almost  the  last  vestige  of  the 

power   formerly    wielded    l)y    lien    Holladay,  and    his    name   no   longer 

appeared  in  connection  with  the  Oregon  Steamship  Company.     At  the 

annual    election  of  oflicers,  held  April   i.^tli,   Henry  X'illard  was   made 

president,  George  W.  Weidler,  vice-president,  John  T).   Biles,  secretary, 

and  Henry  Villard,  Milton  S,   Latham,  J.   M.  Slreetem  and  J.  D.  Biles,  c.m't.  jamks  h.  \v. 


Cai'T.  1-rank   B.  TrUNKR 


-■"Caiit.  W.  II.  I'alter.son  was  born  in  Wisconsin  ill  1.S58.  lie  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S73,  arriviiij,'  at  I'lirl 
year  later.  His  first  steainboating  was  011  the  Willamette  River,  and  after  a  short  time  tliere  and  on  the  CoUimhia  he  went  t(* 
Columbia  and  was  eiiHaned  on  the  steamer  Oiler,  running  north  from  Victoria.  In  1HS2  he  was  employed  on  the  I'r.isei 
steamers  used  in  the  coiislructiou  department  of  the  Caiiatlian  Pacific  Railway,  and  while  there  made  the  ])eriloiis  trip  will 
S.  R.  Smith,  from  Fort  Vale  to  the  mouth  of  the  Tliompson  River,  with  the  steamer  Skiizzv.  .Xfler  leaviun  the  I'raser  he  r  1 
short  tiiiu-  oil  Pujiet  Sound  and  then  returned  to  the  Columbia,  wliere  he  went  into  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Kailw.'iy  iS;  N'.i\ 
Company  for  a  few  years  as  mate  and  pilot,  afterward  coiiimandiii^  some  of  their  best  steamers.  In  i.SStj  he  w.'is  appoiiitcl  ■ 
steamship  pilot  for  the  company,  and  since  that  time  has  been  continuously  en^aHcd  in  lianiUin^'  their  steamsliiiis  between  1'' 
iiiul  .^slori.'i.  nieeliiij;  with  remarkable  success.  In  1S92  he  piloted  the  larjiest  and  deepest  drau).;ht  vessel  that  ever  asceiii' 
Columbia  ami  Willametle  rivers,  taking  the  cruiser  HalliiiHne  from  .\s<o!  ia  to  Portlaini  .ind  ri  turn.  As  a  reward  for  this  ]■: 
demoiistralion  of  the  splendid  condition  of  Oregon's  great  waterway,  the  I*ortl;'.iid  Ch.'imbe  of  Commerce  presented  Iiini 
handsmne  watch  and  chain,  extending  a  similar  recognition  to  his  colleague,  Capt.  W.  H.  .Smith,  who  followeii  with  the  ( '/;j 
Capt.'iin  Patterson  was  the  prime  mover  in  the  organization  of  Harbor  23,  American  Ilrotherhood  of  Pilots,  and  was  the  first 
of  the  harbor. 


I  itid  a 
i'.rili.sli 
River 

I  C.i|il. 

:■  lor  a 
Mtioii 
■i;iilar 
lialiil 

■■AWk 
lical 
itli  a 

iiain 


:il   Poll 

iikI  n 

VClll   (" 

li-ilikll 

l-r.lsi-i 

River 

rip  Hill 

Cipt. 

cr  lit  1,1 

■  Icir  a 

^  \.n 

ilioti 

oiiui'il 

L^iilar 

vfeii  I'- 

'iiiml 

■  asi'i'ii- 

.Ithe 

Ihi^.  ]■■ 

.itical 

■d  liim 

Ailli  a 

a-  <  'h.i 

ilOII. 

e  firsi 

plain 

loss  nf  the  "Pacific."  New  Transportation  Companies  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia 


239 


director-;.     ApprfcintinR  the  advantage  held  by  the  Willamette  Locks  &  Transportation  Company,  Holladay's 

success. irs  disposed  of  their  steamboat  interests  to  the  Oregon  Steam    Navigation   Company,  which  was    then 

capital i/i-'d  at  $5,000,000,  and  was  slowly  but  surely  perfecting  a  grand  consolidation   of  all    brandies   of  the 

transpiTiiition  l)usiness  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  rivers.     The  fleet  of  grain  sliips  which  yearly  came  to 

the  Columbia  had  by  this  time  become  so  large  that  the  work  of 
towing  tliem  up  and  down  the  river  was  exceedingly  renuinerative. 
Buchanan  Hrothers,  who  were  the  pioneers  in  this  branch  of  steam- 
boating,  had  discovered  tliat  their  tug  />'t>i  HolUutav  was  no  longer 
suitable  for  tlie  large  vessels  arriving,  and  in  1875  they  began  the 
construction  of  the  first  sternwheel  steamer  built  exclusively  for  tow- 
ing purposes.  The  craft  was  named  the  Oiklaluima,  and  contained 
the  engines  formerly  in  Capt.  William  Moore's  Victoria  steamer 
AU'xaudcr.  Hefore  she  was  finished,  the  Willamette  Transportation  & 
Locks  Company,  which,  in  reality,  was  an  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
institution,  purchased  her,  and  on  completion  used  her  for  towing 
ships.  Capt.  W.  H.  vSmitli  had  command  of  her  for  seven  years  and 
Capt.  Henry  Emken  for  the  .same  length  of  time,  and  in  the  .service 
of  the  Willamette  Transportation  &  Locks  Company  and  its  succes- 
.sors  the  steamer  lias  towed  more  ships  up  and  down  the  Columbia 
River  than  any  other  craft  afloat.  In  i8,S6  she  was  considerably 
damaged  by  the  Briti.sh  bark  Alliiuicc  toppling  over  on  her,  smashing 
the  pilothouse  and  hog  chains  and  otherwise  injuring  her.  She  was 
repaired  at  an  expense  of  about  four  thousand  dollars,  and  has  been 
in  continuous  service  from  that  time.  Since  Captain  Ivniken  began 
piloting,  the  steamer  has  been  commanded  by  Marshall  Short,  M. 
Martineau,  Kane  Olney  and  Sam  Col.son.  Sliort  lost  his  life  in  1892 
by  the  capsizing  of  a  barge  which  the  steamer  was  towing.  The 
OiklahtJiiia  was  one  hundred  and   fifty-two   feet  long,  thirty-one  feet 

six  inches   lieani,  and   eight   feet   hold,   with   engines   twenty-one   by 

seventy-two   inches.     The   steamer  Almola  was  added  to  the  Oregon 

Steam   Navigation    Company's    fleet   in    1876.     She   was   launched   at 

Celilo,  September  27tli,  Capt.   Iv.  W.   Haugliman   taking  charge.     He 

was  succeeded  by  Captains   Sanipsoii,  W.   P.  Oray,  George  Gore  and 

Joliii  1'.  Stump."'     In  iSS,^  her  first  master  returned  and  ran  her  for  ten 

years,  and  Capt.   John  Stump  took  her  again  in    1894.     The  .Uiiiota 

has  an  immense  carrying  capacity,  and  during  the   Nez  Perce  war  is 

said  to  have  cleared  $14,000  on  a  single  trip.     Captains  Troup,  \a\\ 

Pelt,   Spencer  and    others    have    also   had   command  of  the  steamer, 

and  all  of  the  Oregon   Steam   Navigation   Company's   up-river   engi- 
neers Iiave  served  on  her,  John  A.  Wil.son  "  being  last  in  charge  of  her 

machinery.     The  .llniola  was  one  hundred   and   fifty-seven   feet  long, 

lliirty-six   feel   beam,  five   feet   hold,  with  engines  sixteen  by  seventy- 
two  inches. 

Tlie  old  steamer  '/'ciiiiio,  the  greatest  money-maker  of  the  Orcg()ii 

Sleam   Navigation    fleet,  was  superseded  in    1876  by  the  A'cri'  '/'fiii/io, 

wliich  was  one  hundred  and  forty-five  feet  long,  thirty-two  feet  beam. 

and  six  feet  hold,  with   machinery  and   house  from   the  old  steamer. 

Capt.  T.  J.  Stump  and  James  W.  Troup  commanded  the  steamer  during 

lier  shiirt  career,  which  ended   in   1879,  and   .\l!)ert    M.  Munger-i=  was 


C.\IT.    \\'JI,I.I.\M   J()[INSU.\ 


.M.\  I  1  IlKWS 


-'Capl.  John  1'.  Uttimp  was  l)i)ni  in  Temiv'ssue  ill  iS^;  and  came  to  llie  Coast  while  (mile  yoiniK,  cnniniencinK  his  sleaniboal 
caretT  011  the  Sacrameiilo  River  in  i8,S5  belween  Sacranienlo  and  Marysville.  He  renmined  in  llie  employ  of  llie  C.'ilifornia  Steam 
^'avi^;aion  Company  until  1S70  and  llien  went  lo  Ore)<on,  workinK  on  the  Snake  River  with  his  hrcitlier,  Capt.  Thomas  Stiiinp,  on 
the  sUMiner  )\tlcimiu  Since  that  time  he  has  ciminianded  every  steamer  owned  by  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Comjiany  and 
tlieii  sincessors  on  liolli  the  upjier  Colnmliia  and  Snake  rivers.  After  the  comiiletioii  of  the  railroad  thronKh  the  Inland  ICnipirc, 
Capt.nn  Slump's  operations  were  confined  almost  exclusively  to  the  npjier  Snake  River.  .At  the  present  time  he  is  ninning  the 
sleaiiiir  .Ihiiolii  hetween  Riparia  and  I^ewiston. 

"John  A.  Wilson,  chief  engineer,  has  been  en^aKed  in  tlie  niarine  business  for  over  thirty  years.  He  .served  for  six  years  in 
tile  11. i\  \  under  I'arrai;nt.  Porter  an<l  I'oote.  llis  first  work  in  the  Northwest  was  on  the  steamer /.(//(';/(/  in  iSc>i .  continuing  there 
until  iNij.  when  he  returned  to  the  Lakes  and  served  for  several  months  on  the  Xoiilinii  (himi  between  DiiUitli  and  lUilTalo.  He 
caiiU'  1.,  the  Pacific  Co.ast  a^ain  in  i.So^  and  was  with  Capt.  .\1  (',r;iy  tm  the  steamer  /".  A.  Xivnn.  leaxiny  her  for  the  steamer  /ui/i/n' 
at  I'niiiaiHl.  Ilf  was  ai'terward  on  the  tiij^  U'ti/'/i'Ti'ti  and  steamship  (tt-<ii-Qt'  H'.  /-.'/i/rr,  leaving,'  the  latter  vessel  Ut  j^o  lo  the  steamer 
/*.  .V  i:.if:ri\  In  the  fall  of  189.)  he  was  on  the  steamer  .  iliHotu,  running  between  I.ewiston  ami  Ri])ari;i.  He  left  her  in  the  sprinii 
of  is,,^  to  take  charj^e  of  the  engines  of  a  whaleback  steamer  on  bake  Michi^.an. 

.Mbert  XI.  Munijer  was  bom  in  Ohio  in  i.S.si,  and  was  in  the  service  of  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company  in  i,S7ci.  first 
asfireiii.in  on  the  (>//('(>;/AMind  then  as  second  enj^ineer  on  {\\q  /^nniia  //tty:t'tint.     He  was  afterward  chief  on  the  steamers /(/(///(», 


f 


!:■ 


m 


I 


f 


l^ 


240 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Stkami-:k  "  I.iTTi.K  Annii:" 


!*' 


chief  engineer  for  a  good  portion  of  the  time.  The  A/tirv  Ifoodv.  Afissoiila  and  CaHiict,  built  for  service  cii  I.ake 
Pen  d'Oreille  and  trit)Utarie.s  in  1X66,  were  stripped  of  tlieir  machinery  in  1.S76  and  liie  equipments  taken  IciTtxas 
Ferry  by  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navigation  Company. 

The  Hydra,  a  slow  steamer  less  than  seventy  feet  long,  intended  for  the  Lewis  River  trade,  was  liiiilt  at 
St.  Helens  in  1876  by  Caples  &  Korbes.  As  originally  constructed  the  motive  power  was  furnislitil  by  an 
engine  attached  to  the  boiler,  but,  on  refusal  to  grant  her  a  certificate,  alterations  were  made  and  slu'  liej;an 
running  in  charge  of  W.  (1.  Weir."  Fred  H.  Love,  Charles  Hurean ''  and  W.  J.  Steele  also  commaiKkd  the 
craft  at  different  limes,  Hiireau  owning  her  in  iHSo.  The  /.  Oiilivay,  the  first  slernwheel  boat  built  excliisivelv 
for  log-towing,  was  launched  at  Portland  in  i.Sjf)  for  Weidler's  Mills,  making  her  trial  trip  November  2,vl,  with 
Capt.  J.  N.  Fisher,  who  remained   in  command  until    i.S.S^.     Since  that  time  the  steamer  has  been  in  charge 

of  Captains  Frank  H. "  and  Josepli 
Turner  most  of  the  time,  althou^Oi 
Capt.  L  Smith,"  Kane  Olney  and  \V. 
K.  Mitchell  ran  her  for  a  few  years. 
All  of  the  upper  works  of  the  steamer 
were  destroyed  by  fire  in  Jaiiuar)-, 
i8yo,  but  were  afterward  rchtiilt. 
The  Ordway  was  one  hundred  and 
thirty-one  feet  long,  twenty-i'oiir  feci 
beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with  engines 
fourteen  by  sixty-four  inches.  Two 
first-class  bar  tugs  were  constructed 
for  the  Columbia  in  187^1.  Tlie  lar),'cr 
of  the  i)air,  tlie  /V/o/,  was  hninclied 
at  Portland,  August  16th,  tor  Cap- 
tains Holman  and  Oilman,  and  made 
her  trial  trip  November  14th,  but  per- 
formed little  service  on  this  side  of 
the  line,  as  she  was  .sold  shortly  after 
completion  and  taken  to  \'ictoria  l)y 
Capt.  W.  Clements.  Her  first  master  in  British  Columbia  waters  was  Cajilain  Holmes,  who  had  charge  of  her 
until  1879,  when  Clements  again  took  command,  and  in  i88(j  she  was  in  the  hands  of  Cajit.  James  H.  Woolery,' 

A/oiiiilaiii  ihit'iii,  7'fiiiiio,  Owy/n'r  iiinl  )'iiki)na,  ami  was  on  the  latter  in  1S76  when  she  was  wrecked  at  Inliii  I),iy  Chute,  uii  llie 
upjier  Colnniliia.  He  euntiiuicil  in  the  service  i)f  llie  ()re),'i)n  Steam  NaviKalion  Coinpany  until  1.SS2,  Ki)iii){  to  tlic  .Sonml  thai  yc.ir 
as  chief  enj,'ineer  of  the  hl,iho  willi  Capt.  CteorKe  I),  Messenee,  at  wliieli  time  the  steamer  made  the  (juickcst  tri])  of  any  riviT  iioal 
thai  hail  yet  ;<one  from  the  Columbia,  .\fter  rcturninj,'  Irom  the  .Souiiil  he  entered  the  employ  of  tlu' Stark  Street  I"erry  Couipaiiy 
ami  remained  with  them  for  twelve  years,  leaving  in  iS^t.  ami.  in  coinpany  with  Ca])tain  Van  .-^uken,  purclia.iing  the  little  sliaiuer 
Cyiiont\  which  they  were  iniforlunate  enou}.;li  to  lose  by  tire  .a  lew  months  later. 

"  Capt.  \V.  (1.  Weir  is  a  native  of  .New  Jersey,  ami  steamhoateil  on  the  Lewis  River  route  in  1S76  in  connnami  nf  the  sleanier 
.Vrrrt/Zori'.  He  afterward  ran  the  Hydra,  /.lUiiiia  au(l  Lima  Mason  in  the  same  trade.  lie  was  eUKaKcd  in  tliis  service  for  ci);lUeeii 
years,  a  longer  period  than  lias  been  spent  by  any  other  steamboatman  on  that  run.  The  greater  part  of  Ca])tain  Weir's  evpcrience 
was  with  the  late  Captain  Thomas,  and,  soon  after  Tiioinas  withdrew.  Weir  retire<l  and  has  since  lived  at  I, a  Centre. 

^■■Capt.  Charles  Hurean  was  born  in  ,Sl.  I,abrielle  in  iS.;o  and  commenced  steaniboatin^  on  the  Clatskanie  in  iSSo  with  the 
Hydra.  He  aflerwanl  built  the  steamer  .Uaii::a>ii//o,  which  he  operated  "u  the  same  route  for  many  years,  linally  disposinn  of  liis 
interests  to  the  Shavers,  who  sncceedeil  liim  in  that  trade.     I'or  tlie  past  few  years  Captain  Bureau  has  been  eUK'aKed  in  Iniuherint; 

^■'Capt.  [''rank  H.  Turner  was  l)orn  in  California  in  1S5C)  an<l  appeareil  on  the  Columbia  River  in  1876  on  the  steamer  Ijihiij. 
on  which  and  on  the  A';/  fan  U'iiilclc  he  was  enga>,'ed  until  1S7S,  when  he  was  appointed  captain  of  the  steamer  ijiiiititif. 
where  be  remained  until  i.SSu.  He  was  next  nnister  of  the  /■'<■«  Holladay  for  a  few  nu>nths  ami  then  took  connnami  nf  ilie 
H'eil/>orl,  which  he  ran  until  January,  ISS^.  He  then  eiUereil  the  emplov  of  the  Willamette  .Steam  Mills  as  master  of  the  ^ll■anle^ 
U'ondir,  serviu),'  for  four  years,  and  then  desi^;ned  ami  built  the  .\o  H'oiidfr,  the  most  perfect  towboat  that  hail  yet  niailv  its 
appearance  on  the  river.  She  was  c(|uipiieil  with  a  great  many  new  contrivances  for  handlinx  the  tow  lines  by  steam  power 
and  was  provided  with  a  centerboard.  .She  was  steered  with  sle.iin  gear,  an  invention  which  Captain  Turner  patented  in  i.SSN. 
and  which  has  since  been  adopted  by  steamers  in  ilillerent  ])arls  of  the  West,  beiu^  in  use  on  various  boats  on  the  Willanu'iu-  ami 
Columbia,  on  I.ake  Cuur  d'.Alene,  and  on  the  .Sacramento  River.  CaiHaiu  Turner  is  also  the  inventor  of  a  number  iil  ullier 
api)liances  for  use  on  steamboats.  He  left  the  service  of  the  Willamette  Steam  Mills  a  few  years  aj;o  and  has  since  been  eni]ilo>eii 
as  master  and  pilot  on  several  passenger  steamers  out  of  rortland.  He  has  been  prominently  coiniectcd  with  the  .\iMtricaii 
Hrotherhood  of  i'ilots  since  the  organization  of  Harbor  No.  21  at  Portland. 

"Ca])t.  I.  Smith  of  .Montesauo  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1S47.  He  spent  the  early  part  of  his  life  on  sailing  ve.'-'.i.ls  011 
the  .Atlantic  Dcean,  to  the  West  Indies  ami  to  Mediterranean  and  .\frican  jiorts.  On  re.achiuf;  the  Columbia  in  1S6H  he  sincil  as 
tnate  with  Captain  Keed  on  the  steamer  A'iSiiif  for  about  two  years,  ami  was  next  in  conimaml  of  the  S/ioo  Fly,  lowing  for  W  i  iillor's 
Mills.  He  was  also  on  the  It'i'm/ir  for  the  same  companv  for  two  years,  and  then  entered  the  employ  of  tlie  Williiiielte 
Transportation  Company,  where  he  commanded  the  steamers  ll'il/aiiiillf  C/iict,  Hcai'fr  and  (iovrnior  (htKrr.  In  18S',  he  ulireil 
from  the  water  and  ennaj,'e(l  in  the  merc.intile  business  until  I.SSS,  when  he  went  to  the  Cliehalis  River  and  took  charfjr  . 'I  the 
steamer  . //'e'>i/ic«,  niiiuiug  her  four  years  between  Peterson's  I'oiut  and  Montesano.  He  subseipienlly  for  a  short  time  hiii'lU'il 
the  Criiistr,  C/iilialis  and  Mmilrsaiio,  and  two  years  ago  took  charge  of  the  /tf.v;V  Hiinvws,  with  which  he  has  since  been  coinitoteil. 

"'Capt.  James  H    Woolery  was  born    in  St.  I.ouis,  Mo.,  in  1S51,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  when  ipiite  young  and  coimiinceil 
steainboating  on  Pn^et  Sound  in  the  latter  part  of  the   sixties  on  the  lilizii  Anderson.     He  was  afterward  engaged  with  Cap!    lack 
CoBurove  on  the  steamer  Mary  Woodiuff,  Koing  from  her  to  the  Cflilo,  which  he  commamled.     He  also  had  diarge  of  the  Iul 
and  a  number  of  the  other  early  steamers      .Soon  after  the    steamer    /•Vri/:oooi/    was  taken  to  the  Sound,  Captain  Wool  1 
put  in  command,  hut,  after  running  her  a  short  lime,  resij^ned   ;inil  entered  the  political  arena.     He  was  elected  sheriff  i-: 
County,  and  subseipienlly  held  other  important  ollicial  positions  in  the  Slate  of  Washiugtou.     The  cool   head  and  stead 
which  made  him  a  successful  steamboalniau  did  not  desert  him,  ami  while  performing  the  duties  of  sherilf  of  King  County  1 
an  enviable  record. 


/'/A'/ 
I V  was 
KiiiK 
nerve 
made 


Vict  (-11  Lake 
ken  to  Texas 

was  hiiilt  at 
lislifd  liy  an 
lul  silo  l)ej;an 
iiiiaiKltd  the 
t  exclusively 
ber  2,vl,  with 
en  in  cliar^e 

an<l  Josepli 
me,  althoii^jh 
31ney  and  \V. 

a  few  years, 
if  the  steamer 

in  Januar>', 
vard  rebuilt, 
hundred  and 
enty-four  feet 

with  engines 
inches.  Two 
E  constructed 
S.  The  larger 
.vas  launched 
fith,  for  Cap- 
an,  and  made 
14th,  hut  per- 
I  this  side  of 
1  shortly  after 
;o  \'ictoria  hy 
bharKc  of  her 
i.  Woolery, 

Cliute.  1)11  tlic 
uiid  llial  ye.ir 
ny  ri\i'r  lujal 
rry  CiiMi]Kiny 
Hull'  stiauUT 

itf  the  stt'aiiier 
'  fur  I'ixlUeiMi 
■'s  I'xpfrit'uci" 

iSSo  Willi  the 
^piisin^  of  Ills 
in  hiiiilieriiiK. 
iiiier  I'jiun.t. 
■r  {Jniil;ilep. 
iinand  of  tilt 
the  ^UMincr 
\  ft  ni.'uic  its 
<tiMiii  piiwer 
■iiti-cl  ill  iSSiS, 
'illanicllc  ami 
iilier  111  "llier 
iciMi  i-iiiplcntil 
Ihu  .\iiuricau 

iiiK  ves--clsoii 

iS  lie  sfi  veil  a.s 

lor  Wii.ller's 

he  Willamette 

HS;  he  retired 

c'liiirt;i-  "ftlie 

lime  Iiaiiilleil 

en  coniiecteil. 

d  coiuii.iiiceil 

ith  Capt.  luck 

■thetuc/W''' 

Wool-.iv  was 

icriir  .■;  Kini! 

sleaih  iiervc 

iintv  li>  made 


Loss  of  the  "Pacific,"  New  Transportation  Companies  on  the  Willamette  nml  Columbia 


241 


who  ki  i't  her  until  she  was  l)ottnht  l)y  the  Hritish  Columbia  Towing  &  Transportation  Company  for  jjti  3,500. 
Capt.  J. ones  Christcn.sen  was  then  put  in  charge.  In  1.SH2  Captain  Cavin  ran  the  steamer,  and  in  iH.s^ 
she  wa-'  purcha.sed  l)y  Dunsmuir,  and  in  his  employ  was  handled  by  Cai)tains  DoUKla.ss,  Hutler,  Hendrodt 
and  I.tuience.  Capt.  William  Johnson,"'  at  present  one  of  Vancouver's  i>ilots,  was  for  several  years  mate 
of  the  tug.  In  iSyi  she  was  seized  at  Port  .\nBeles  for  towing  the  American  ship  I'alley  J'o>t<i'  in  American 
waters,  but  was  released  on  the  payment  of  a  small  fine.  She  was  laid  up  shortly  afterward,  the  machinery 
removed  and  the  hull  converted  into  a  barge,  rniniing  as  such  until  March,  iSij5,  when  it  was  wrecked  with 
llie  tuK  /  'elos,  at  which  time  several  lives  were  lost.  The  Pilot  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  feet  long, 
twenty  two  feet  beam,  and  ten  feet  hold.  The  tug  Columbia,  launched  at  Knappton  in  1S76,  was  one  hundred 
and  two  feet  long,  twenty-one  feet  beam,  and  eleven  feet  hold.  She  was  built  by  A.  M.  Simpson,  proceeded 
to  San  Hranci.sco  tinder  sail,  and  was  there  fitted  with  machinery,  returning  to  the  Columbia  in  January, 
is;7,  ill  comniiiid  of  Capt.  W.  Clements,  formerly  of  the  barks  Rival  and  IVIiistlcr.  Her  first  work  after 
arrival  was  in  towing  the  bark  Matlir  Madcav  from  Astoria  to  Portland,  accomplishing  the  task  in  twelve 
hours  and  fifteen  minutes.  Capt.  George  C.  Klavel  relieved  Clements,  and  Daniel  McVicar,  M.  I).  Staples, 
Hricjiiliiison  and  Alexander  Malcolm  had  charge  of  her  until  iS.S;,  when  she  was  sent  to  Coos  liay.  Capt. 
lames  .McGee  commanded  her  until  i.So,^,  when  she  again  returned  to  the  Columbia  and  was  handled  by 
Capt.  H.  .\.  Matthews.' 

The  Ga-jell<\  a  small  sternwheeler  owned  by  Armstrong,  Hryant  iS:  Co.,  was  launched  at  Portland 
in  November.  She  was  built  by  Pacquet  and  contained  the  machinery  from  the  old  steamer  Carrie.  The 
f/'ii.v//c  was  operated  on  a  number  of  routes  out  of  Portland  until  iS.sj,  when  she  was  .sold  to  Dr.  Rogers  of 
I'erndak-,  near  Seattle,  and  taken  around  by  Capt.  Irwin  Karrer.  A  year  later  she  was  purchased  by  W.  D. 
Scott  iS:  Co.  and  afterward  by  Capt.  Hiram  Oliiey,  and  while  in  charge  of  the  latter  was  burned  on  the 
Still.igtiainish  River  in  March,  i.S.S^.  Captain  Armstrong,  I,.  A.  liailey,  H.  F.  Johnson  and  He/.  Caples 
comnianded  her  on  the  Columbia.  Increasing  business  on  the  Piiget  Sound  steamboat  routes  opened  the 
field  for  some  of  the  surplus  steamers  of  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  fleet.  The  steamer  Annie  Slexiarl  was 
purchased   in    May  by  Capt.   L.    M 


.>^tarr  and   was  taken    to  the  Sound 

in  June  liy   Captain    Wiii.sor.      The 

Willamette  Transportation  iS:  Locks 

Company  sold  the  steamer  /leaver  to 

I'riali  Nelson  for  the  Stickeen  River 

trade.     Capt.    George    D.    Messegce 

took  her  around  from  Portland,  and 

Capt.  J.  I).  Tackaberry  ran  her  from 

Vicliiria  to  Alaska.     The  steamer  .S7. 

I'lilr/d-  also  went  from  the  Columbia 

li)  run  lietween    Port  Gamble  a  n  d 

."^eaheck.     The    (ieneral   Canby  was 

making  occasional  trips  between  the 

Cohnnliia    River   and    Tillamook    in 

iS;6  ill   charge  of  Capt.  W.   P. 

Whitcoiiib  and  Engineer  Al.sea  I'ox. 

The  first  night-boat  appeared  on  the 

.\storia  route   in    1.S76,  the  flonita 

raikini;    the    experiment,    which    at 

iluit  time   proved    unprofitable,   and 

It  tlie  close  of  the  seaside  business  was  discontinued  for  several  years.     The  I.illle  Annie,  a  small  sternwheeler, 

was  Iniilt  at  Myrtle  Point  in  1876  by  William  K.  Rackliff,  who  operated  her  on  the  Coquille  River.     She  performed 

*''Cai)t,  William  Johnson  of  X'anoouvcr,  II.  C,  was  horn  in  Sweden.  He  he^^ati  sailing  out  of  the  ports  of  his  nati\'e 
iiHiiiiry  ill  1S72  anil  eontinned  on  dee])  water  niilil  1S76,  when  he  arrived  on  the  hark  AnlioAi  al  Hurrard's  Inlet,  where  he  seeiireil 
iiiiploynu  in  on  the  tug  I'.tln  U'liih\  He  reiiiained  on  her  for  nearly  four  years  and  then  went  to  the  Coluniliia  River  and 
worked  a--  ipiarterniaster  on  ditfereiit  steamers  for  two  years,  siil)se<|iietitly  joining  the  tug  Pilot  at  \'icloria  and  serving  witli  her  as 
mate  for  iliiee  years,  after  whieh  he  was  ap])ointed  master  of  the  tug  Ht'tt.  lie  left  the  latter  vessel  to  take  eoinmand  of  the  Active 
HI  the  same  service,  and  four  years  later  received  his  appointment  as  pilot  of  deeii-watcr  vessels  in  the  Nanaimo  district,  a 
position  ill  which  he  has  heen  very  successful. 

'V'apt.  II.  A  Matthews  was  horn  in  Rpckland.  Me.,  in  1S15.  He  enlisted  in  the  I'niled  .States  Navy  in  1S6;,.  serving  on  the 
>loop  lii.''';lyn  in  the  West  v  lulf  Sunadron,  and  participating  in  the  engagements  at  Mohile  Hay  anil  (ialveston.  After  the  close  of 
llicwar  In  entered  the  merchant  service  and  sailed  out  of  .Vew  Vork  until  1S79,  when  he  went  to  the  Colunihia  and  joined  the  tug 
I  ./-  t:ft'':hiiin  as  mate.  \  year  later  he  was  appointed  h.'ir  pilot,  hut  left  Captain  I'lavel's  emjiloy  when  the  /.  C.  0>«\/;/.¥  was  placed 
I'll  tile  liar,  anil  remained  with  the  opposition  until  the  loss  of  their  vessel,  beint;  carried  to  San  I'rancisco  on  a  Hritish  shij)  which 
'lepiloleil  tiiii  ihe  day  the  pilot  .schooner  was  wrecked.  He  had  a  thrilling  exjierience  in  iSS^  with  the  Hritish  hark  Xoillienilmv, 
which  w.is  nif  the  Columhia  bar  for  twenty-three  davs,  ten  of  which  she  was  lying  on  her  beam  ends,  hut  Malthew-s  finally  succeeded 
ai  fiettiii^  lii-r  safely  in.  He  has  remained  almost  cimlinuouslv  in  the  service  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  with  the  exception  of  a  year, 
'liiriri};  wlnrh  he  had  charge  of  the  l/nited  States  steamer  Lincoln,  and  occasional  periods  when  he  commauded  other  small  vessels. 


Stkamsuip  "Omohok  \V.  Ki.pfu"  at  Sitka 


1, 


i;*  ■  ■ 

1  ■ 

'III 

•It  H 


243 


Lewis  cf  Drydvn'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Norti}*iL>st 


1:     fi: 


Rood  service  for  iiearly  firtccti  ye.ars.  UacklifT  was  succceileil  in  iH.Sj  liy  Charles  Iv  lulwnrds, '  I.tni  Snyder, 
Jahez  Ihill  and  (".enrHe  W.  Leiicvc.  Her  owners  at  difTcrent  times  were  J.  II.  (liles,  \\.  (',.  HIanaKaii,  n,  K^.i.,! 
and  II.  W.  and  R.  J.  Dnidiani.  On  Coos  Kiver  the  steamer  /««(i  was  laiuulied  by  Capt.  A.  Cainiilull  ,v  Sciu 
and  coiinnanded  l)y  C.  Campbell  until  iS.s^,  when  N.  J.  Cornwall  took  charge  and  ran  her  lor  over  Uii  years. 
The  Juno  was  fifty-.seven  feet  long,  eleven  and  one-half  feet  beam,  and  four  and  one-half  feet  hold,  witli  iiint  |iy 
twelve  inch  en>;ines.  W.  F.  Jewett  owned  her  after  the  Campbells  disposed  of  her, 
and  George  W.  Campbell  ''  was  one  of  her  best  known  engineers. 

The  most  important  event  in  the  ocean  steamship  business  in  i.s;^!  was  the 
arrival  of  the  (iti»f;f  W.  h'.ldir,  which  the  Oregon  vSteamship  Coiupany  brought  to 
the  Coast  this  year  for  the  northern  route.  Capt.  l'"r?ncis  CunTier,  who  came  out 
with  the  steamer,  was  in  charge  on  her  first  trip  to  Portland,  Septemlier  5th,  her 
time  from  San  Francisco  l«ing  .seventy  hours.  With  him  were  li.  I'',  (lilder- 
sleeve,  chief  engineer;  A.  Dorrity,'"  first  assistant;  11.  Drinckerhoff,"  .second 
assistant;  G.  Parker,  third  assistant ;  Charles  Hughes,  purser  ;  II.  Ila^  ins,  freight 
clerk.  The  hlldrr  was  continued  on  the  northern  routes.  Cornier  being  succeeded  in 
command  by  I.achlan,  Morse,  Reichmann,  Hay  ward,  Ackley,  Carroll,  Hunter,  Lyons, 
Lewis,  Patterson,  Slannard,  Jessen  and  others.  At  the  present  time  she  is  ti.sed  by 
the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  to  carry  freight  on  the  Portland  anil 

San   Francisco  route.     The    IJdcr  was 
''   ^.  built  at  Chester,  Penn.,  in   i^;).  and  is 

two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long,  thirty-  11.  hrimkli.,,.,,, 

eight  feet  beam,  and  twenty-one  feet  hold  ;    net  tonnage,  i,j.'4.    The 

■-.  same  company  also  added  the  ( V/r  ol  Cluslei   to  their   Pacific  Coast 

^^  fleet.     Captain   Holies  of  ''      Ajux  was  sent  blast  to  bring  hir  to  tin 

,^^^^^^H  Coast,  and  she  was  the  h        ocean  steamer  to  i)ass  over   Hull  CUt- 

.^^r^^^Bjl  after  that  dangerous  obstruction  was  removed  from  New  York  I'nrl«)r. 

\    ^^V^^^^  '^''^  ('/;(•.!/<•/■  did  not  arrive  on  the  northern  route  until   Marcli,  i,s;; 

'  KjM^^M  liolles  was  succeeded  in  i,S7.S  by  Captain  Mackie,  with  Iv  Polciuaiitr 

^^t^^^^^^^  3^  mate,   the  latter  having  command  in   i.s.So,   with   Frank  Cimk.son. 

^^^^^^^B^^^^^^  engineer.     Captains  Carroll  and  Wallace  afterward  ran  the  stiaincts 

^^^^^tt^^^^^^^^^^^^  on  111  18.S.S  sunk  at 

f^^^^K ^^^^^^^^^^^^^tjji  Golden   Gate   by  time  John  M.icdoiiald.'   who 

^^f^^tBK/ffKtf^  ^"Capt.  Charles  Iv  Ivlwanls  i'(  I'.olil  Hracli,  was  Imrii         Imliaiiu 

TlJ^S^^^^^^^  l''<53.     After  nuiiiiii].;  for  a  ye.ir  im  llie  Wisconsin  Rivir,  lie  lanii' tii  Ccus  Hay  in 

.«  1S76.     lie  was  on  the  steamer  i.ittlc  .  hiriit'  on  llie  Coqnilk'  Ki\i'r  for  ei;.^!n  yt-ar^, 

leaving  lier  to  jilace  the  tnachinery  in  llie  siianier  C'lir.s.  with  wliiili  lie  ran  .i« 
engineer  for  several  inonths.  He  has  since  then  heeii  engaged  on  Ihv  .  hi /rl<'/'<'. 
DiS^iilili,  .lltil,  IHiiiiiv,  Ciios  /hiv,  Jiiiio.  and  other  steamers,  serving  as  master 
and  engineer  and  sometimes  in  Iiotli  capacities  at  once  on  the  small  hoals.  lit- 
has  reeenlly  lieen  emiiloyed  on  the  h'alii-  Cook  as  engineer. 

■"George  W.  Caniphell,  engineer,  Marshlicld,  Or.,  was  horn   in    Ilmoklyii. 
N.  v.,  in  18.10,  and  on  reaching  the  Piicifn-  Coast 
l-RA.sK  CiiiiKsuN  in    1870  was  connected  with    the    I'niteil    Slates 

steamer  Ilasslt'r  in  the  coast  survey  service.  IK 
was  on  the  //itss/c'f  for  five  years  and  then  joined  the  Coos  Bay  steamer, /////c  as  engineer,  remaining 
with  her  about  four  years.  IK  then  changed  his  occuiiatiou  ami  liecanie  master  of  the  steamer 
lliitha  for  a  few  months  and  pilot  of  the  steamer  Stitiiliti'  for  a  year.  lie  snhse(|uenlly  worked 
ashore  for  a  while,  returning  to  the  liino  about  nine  years  ago  and  leaving  her  again  in  iS.S6  to 
follow  his  |)rofession  on  land.     At  the  present  lime  he  is  engineer  of  the  Marshfield  I'iie  Department. 

*"A.  Dorrity,  engineer,  was  born  in  Belfast  in  iS^^i  and  joined  the  steamer  Siii(i/oi;ii  in  iSfi.i 
in  New  VorU.  lie  continued  running  out  of  Atlantic  Coast  ports  until  1S76,  when  he  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  as  first  assistant  of  the  (t'lOffif  II'.  lilttfr,  and  held  that  position  until  iSSy,  when  he 
wjis  appointed  chief  engineer,  ami  has  served  for  fourteen  years  in  thai  caj>acity,  jill  the  time  <ni  the 
northern  routes,  with  the  exce])tion  of  two  trips  to  Panama.  In  18m  Mr.  Dorrity  left  the  water 
for  a  short  lime,  but  about  a  year  ago  joineil  llie  sleatnship  Oi't'^on  as  first  assistant. 

"  II.  BrinckerliolT,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1.S49  and  was  engaged  in  the  marine 
business  on  the  l\jisterii  coast  until  1876,  vhen  he  accompanied  the  ('t'oixr  11'.  Ehit'r  to  the 
I'acific,  returning  to  New  York  within  a  short  time  anil  making  a  second  trip  with  the  steamer 
On'^ou.  He  was  snbsecinently  employed  on  the  Columbia,  where  he  served  as  first  assistant  en;;i- 
Iieer  until  his  death  in  .Xpril,  1895. 

'■'Capt.  i;.  I'oleniann  was  born  in  Oermauy  in  1844,  and  spent  his  early  life  sailing  out  <if 
Oerman  jiorts.     Cajitain  Poleniann  was  second  ofTicer  of  the  steamship  .SV///7A'/'iind  oneof  the  fifteen 

survivors  of  the  wreck,  in  wliieh  .several  hnndreil  lives  were  lost.     He  arrived  on  the  Pacific  Coast  caii.  11.  c    m  m: 

in  1877  ami  began  rnnuin><  north  on  the  .7/(i.r.     He  was  subseiinenlly  in  coniinand  of  the  steamers 

Cilyol' Clifslfr  and  (imif;t'  II'.  Elder,  and  in  1.S81  look  charge  of  the  steamship  1  hri;oii,  which  he  has  sailed  between  San  I'raiicisco 
and  Portland  for  fourteen  years  and  which  he  still  commands  when  she  is  in  commission.     He  is  at  present  residinj^  in  .Ai.iiiiedii.Cal. 

"John  MacdonaM,  engineer,  was  born  at  Glencoe,  .Scotland,  in  1S4S,  and  began  sailing  out  of  British  ports  in  i"  '1  on  tli« 
steamer  /.otidoii,  which  was  wrecked  the  same  year  while  CH  rou/e  from  London  to  llelbourne.  and  was  one  of  the  iiii;.  iiieiiiliw* 
of  the  crew  that  were  saved.  In  1S70  he  was  cast  away  with  the  steamship  Qiifiii  of  the  Thames  about  ninety  miles  -"-iii  of  '•"* 
Cajie  of  Good  Ilojie.  Mr.  Macdonalii's  next  experience  as  a  shipwrecked  mariner  was  on  the  Edilh  .Siiiilli,  which  struck  reef  ilea' 
Bird  Island  on  the  southeast  coast  of  Africa.  Soon  after  this  he  went  to  the  I'acific  Coast  and  in  IS?!)  entered  the  eiii]  "V  of  tlir 
Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  where  he  remained  until  i8.S,S.     In  August  of  that  year  he  was  water-tender  on  the  slc.iv    r  Cll)'<>J 


Lnsn  of  thv  "Pacific,"  New  Transportation  Companies  on  thu  Willamette  and  Cnlumhia 


2): 


llplHll    \    Sdll, 

)Vi'r  till  yea^ 
1,  with  nine  In 


r-- 


41  ^ 


l.Nt  KI:HU(U  K 

{c,  i,.'.'(.  Tli« 
r  Pacific  Coast 
Itriiig  licr  to  the 
jver  llcU  Gate 
w  York  I'arbor. 

11  Miircll,  IS;; 
I  Iv,  I'dlciiiaim 
.''rank  Cooksoii, 
in  tlic  >.tiamci- 
as  sunk  at  tin- 
acdonald'  wlm 


irn  in  lii<li:uia  in 
nil-  t(i  Ciii>s  Hay  in 

1  I'nr  eii^lu  yearv 
1  «liii'li  lif  1,111  J« 

nil  till'  .  Iiili'n't''. 

crviiiK  lis  ui.istK 
■  siiMll  liouts.    lie 

Kini  ill    Hriiiiklyii, 


wasuiic  Ml  the  crew  tlistiliBiiished  liiiiisclf  liy  rcscuiiin  a  lady  passciiKcr.  The  C/i,sl,>  and  tlie  IMn  inauHuratcd 
tlie  tivi  il.iv  service  between  I'ortland  and  San  Francisco.  The  steainshii)  Imsiness  on  the  I'nuet  Smmd  and 
\ictorii  mute  was  handled  liy  the  Cilv  ,<i  Pninmn.  Capt.  VV.  M.  Sealmry,  ;ind  the  />,Uv/,i,  Capt.  II.  (',.  Morse. 
The /'-  .I'l  and  /.////<•  Ci/i/om/n,  nW  that  icinained  ol"  the  hij;  licet  formerly  controlled  l.y  Hen  Holkiday.  were 
sold  In  Picendier.  iH7r),  hy  Hen  Ilollailay,  Jr.,  to  P.  H.  Cornwall.  The  steamship  /i/n/m  was  purchased  from  the 
Oregnii  ■^team-'hip  Company  liy  CiiHididl,  Nelson  iS:  Co. 

The  l"n«el  Sonn<l  Transjiortaion  Company  was  incorporated  at  Olympin  in  i.s;r):  Thomas  Macleay, 
president;  A.  H,  Steele,  suretary  and  treasurer;  J.  (5.  Parker,  luanancr.  They  bnill  the  .1/, vw-wi,'*/  and  operated 
heron  the  Seattle  route  three  trips  a  week.  She  made  her  first  run  Decemlier  17th  in  cominaiul  of  Capt.  J.  I). 
I'arker.  The  company  afterward  constructed  the  steamer  />,iisi\  Ciipl.  C..  II  Parker,"  and  purchased  the  steamer 
Jissi,:  Capt.  H.  N.  I'arker,  K'vitiK  them  a  through  line  from  Olympia  to  Ml.  Wiuon  on  the  Skanit,  and  I,a  Conner 
,111  Swinoiuish  SIoukIi.  The  .I/cwcwt-y;  was  a  well  hnilt  steamer  and  handled  an  immense  amount  of  husiness 
III  the  early  days  of  steamboatinK  on  the  Sound.  The  I'arker  Hrothers  handled  her  for  many  \ ears,  and  John 
II.  Kennedy"  and  Alexander  C.  Riddell"'  were  engineers.  She  was  destroyed  hy  fire  at  Tacoma  in  i.Scj.  Other 
sUaincrs  appeariug  on  the 
.•^onnd  ill  1X76  were  the  ( 'ii/>- 
ihil,  built  at  Olympia,  the 
lh'(ui\  Miiniif  A/ny  and  the 
Xel/ii\  the  most  pretentious 
III'  any  of  Ihein  at  Seattle. 
.''iliewas  huiiiched  from  Ham- 
iiioiid's  yard,  July  22i\  for 
Kohhins.  Wright  'i  Stretch, 
iiul  heKaii  rniiuin);  between 
Milton  and  Seattle,  afterward 
working  on  the  .Snohomish 
.iiicl.'skanit  routes.  Robbins' 
share  in  the  steamer  was 
.villi  liy  the  sherilT  in  1877, 
.iiiil  Capt.  Charles  I,ow  ])ur- 
iliased  the  interest  held  by 
Wright.  Ill  i87,S  a  one-third 
iiwnership  was  boUKhl  by 
Mr.  (lallireath  of  Cassiar. 
Her  nllicers  in  i.S7,S  were: 
Charles  I,ow,  captain;  .\. 
.\I.  ('.ilniaii,  engineer;  Hen- 
j.iimn  Stretch,  purser.  The 
Uiiiiiie  .}/(!]■  was  built  for 
the  Lake  Washington  trade 

liy  Cajil.  William  Jensen.''  At  Port  Madi.son,  Cajitain  Ilornbeck  launched  the  fine  steamer /'cv/if/c/;.  She  was 
ilisposeil  of  in  October  to  Capt.  J.  N.   Hrittaiii,  who  operated  her  for  several  years.     Captains  VV.  K.  Mnnroe, 


Srf  A.MI-.K    ■"  .NKM.IK' 


I  I 


li. 


I, 

■i 


I'eil  Sun 
1  .\1,.: 

1-  ill  1- 
llie  iiiiii 
liles  ^1' 
struck 
lie  eini 
he  ste.ii 


rallflsco 
i,..ilil.  Cil. 

',  1111  llii- 
lIK'lulnr- 
.h  iif.lie 
reef  near 
•v  of  till' 
rCi/y" 


'  'ii'/ii  when  she  was  sunk  liy  the  steaiiisliip  Oifdiii, ,  lU  w  liieli  liiiie  thirty  peoiile  were  losl.  M.iiiloiiaicl  escaped  ami  rescued  a  laily 
iMsseii^jer.  wilh  whom  lie  swam  for  thirty  minutes,  ludli  beiiij.^  linally  picked  up  Ity  a  linat.  'I'he  iaily  afterwanl  <lieil  from  the  exposure 
lie  was  next  011  tlie  steamer  Ctn's  Hay  for  a  few  iiinullis  .iiiil  suli^eciueiitly  iiiiued  llie  luiled  ,s;i;iic>.  •iiirvey  steamer  l/nsslfi  as 
iiL^cIiiiiisi.  !taviu|(  tier  after  a  year  to  acce])t  the  iiosiiiou  ofi  hicf  eii.i.iineer  011  tlu-  steamship  .l/ir/t-t'/i;,  where  lie  remaincil  for  a  few 
liliilltlls  aiiil  llieii  served  on  tile  steamer  .7/  A'/  lor  two  years,  ruunill;^  [<i  .Alaska.  .After  lea\  iu^  the  latter  lie  was  elll]ilo\ed  on  the 
'  'lif'iir,  ami  suliseiiueutly  ciitereil  the  emiiloy  of  the  Market  .Street  Railway  Company,  where  lie  has  since  lieeti  eti^a^eil. 

"Capt.  (',.  H.  Tarkcr,  the  son  of  I'unet  .Sound's  jiioueer  steamlioatman.  J.  d.  I'arker,  was  horn  in  Sacramento  in  1.S5S,  ami 
iilicii  a  siiiaii  hoy  picked  uji  the  rudiments  of  steamhoatiii^  on  the  .-///(/(/,  of  which  his  father  was  master,  in  1S70.  He  hej^an  active 
niirk  ill  Ills  |iri)fession  in  iS;^  on  the  steamer  ,1A  .v.iiv/i,',) .  which  was  haudleil  hy  a  I'arker  crew,  and  since  that  time  he  has  hcc  11  in 
iiiniinaiiil  of  nearly  all  the  steamers  ruiinin^r  on  I'u^et  .Siuiiid.     lie  resides  al  Tacoma.  Wash. 

''Jiiliii  II.  Kennedy,  eu^!ineer,  was  horn  in  Maine  in  iS-;[  and  commenced  sleanilioatiii);  011  I'li^jel  Sound  in  1S7.S  on  the 
-ii'mwliceUr  Olln .  lie  ran  as  hrenian  on  the  U'lihil,  /.  /.'.  I.ihhy.  .  ///i/ii.  .  \nnii-  S/i:,;i>/,  C/irlinli^  and  /.ifh\i\  and  then  served 
Milli  Capi  |.  C,  I'arker  as  engineer  on  the  Mmtiit^i  1  for  three  years.  When  the  I'lVniy  lakf  was  rehiiiit  Kennedy  placed  the 
fiiKiiit's  ill  position,  and  washer  lirst  engineer  when  she  started  <nit  ay;ain.  lie  w.as  sul>sei|iieiuly  on  the  /•'li~ti  .-hitlit^t'Pi  as  first 
i-iistant.  •.;iiinj;  from  her  to  the  Liiiiiiii  //iiy;,;iiit.  where  he  lield  a  similar  position.  He  was  also  chief  of  the  /lityiraij  and  with 
lilt' Ore;,', 111  Railway  iS;  Navij^ation  Cotniiany  for  three  years.  Since  then  he  has  heen  einjiloyed  on  the  steamers  Glidt',  ^fahti  and 
'  tlyoi  .  r.n/i'iii.  and  is  al  present  cliiel'en^'ineer  of  the  latter  steamer. 

"  .\lexander  C.  Riihlell,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Naiituckel.  Mass.,  in  i,Ss2.  .At  the  a^e  of  fourteen  he  sailed  out  of  New  York 
fiir China  .Old  the  Imlies.  In  1S7.1  he  went  to  the  I'ai'ilic  Coast  and  ran  as  eiij^inc  storekeeper  on  the  ( 'ity  of  i\ifia>nii  hetween  San 
Iraiieiscii  ,111(1  Seattle,  and  was  afterward  en^jiiieer  mi  the  steamer  .l/c(><v/i,",7-  lietHecu  .Seatlle  and  ( )lynipia.  Riddell  has  also  served 
■1^  eiif^iuecr  on  the  steamers  /htisv,  L'/ani  /!>vh'>i,  UiUtY  Iniilcv,  /.  /•'.  Mt  Xtiiii^hl  and  /uiii'/v  /.ti/::\  having  heen  on  the  latter  vessel 
"lleli  sill-  iiiirned. 

'  C.ipt.  William  Jensen  of  Victoria,  H.  C.  was  horn  in  Liverpool  in  i,S.;o,  came  to  .Auierica  when  ipiite  youiiKi  and  sailed 
I  oast  wise  1  111  of  New  York  for  several  years.  He  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  steamer  t  itt-at  /uis/t-r/i  in  iSfi^  and  arrived  in  California 
111  1S71,  u:ii-re  he  handled  a  frei>j;lit  hoat  on  the  .San  jnaii  River  fora\ear.  He  went  to  Yietoria  in  1S72  and  in  1S76  to  Seattle, 
"lierelie  'uilt  the  steamer  A/iiinir  J/iiy,  wliieli  he  used  on  I.ake  Washin^'ton  and  on  the  Sound  for  about  a  year,  and  then  sidd  her 
loCaplaii    Hamlin  and  retired  from  the  marine  husiness  to  en^'a(,'e  in  holel-keepiiiK- 


^ 


Iji :  ;  > 


rt. 


•44 


Lewis  <!(  Dryckn'a  Marine  History  of  tho  Pncilto  Northmit 


et-pdrt. 


Beiijiimin  Harris"  and  olher  iuhhUts  ran  liur  on  tlie  San  Jiiiin  Island  route,     llrittiiin  sold  the  stt-anur  to  Morgan 

&  MiistinKS  1)1'  I'ort  Townsi'ud,  and  while  in  coiinnand  of  Capt.  Dave  Hill  in  iHSi;  she  was  l)urnc(l  to  tlic  wal(;r\ 

fdHf  at  SuatlU'.     The  wreek  was  purchased  and  rebuilt  liy  I',.  Iv  Caine  iS:  Co  ,  who  sold  her  in  Marcli.  iSyo,  tn 

O,  Mayer  and   I.ouis  Henspeter."     The  various  routes  and  the  steaimrs  thereon  on  Pu^et  Sf)und  in  \s-i<  were  an 

I'ollows  :   Victoria,  /\li  :a  .hii/incii  and  A'o/M  /'(fc///,  ,•  Olyiiipia  am! 
Tiiconin,  .liiiiif  Slavarl  and  /ifhyr :  Snohomish  and  Skagit,  AV///V 
and   Fanny  l.akc;    BellinKhain    Hay,    /.   I).   I.ibby  and   /hipaldi 
Seabcck,  Plutntom  :    White  River,   (.'oimi  ;    Duwauiisli,  //Vy/nc  and 
Ollfi  ;     I'ort    Hlakely,   Siinrss ;    I'ort    Madison,    A'«/m' ,     I'ree 
Cililo ;   general   tradinji;   aTid    Ireight- 
in^,  /Slaik'  Piamond  and    '/'la.ur ,■   on 
Lake  Washington,  .litilic,  Miiiiiif  May 
and  Jamci  .\foilii\     The  'Dtioina,  the 
finest   tn^'hoal   in   the   Northwest, 
arrived   on    the   Sound     in    August. 
She  was  built  at  ,S.ni   I'Vaucisco,   is 
one    hundred    aiul    thirty-six   feet 
loiiR,     twenty-four    I'eet    beam,    and 
twelve    feet    hold.       Capt.   John   T. 
Connick   was    her    first    master,    and 
she    has   remained    in    active    service 
since   that  time.      At   present  she   is 

commanded  by  Capt.  John  S.  HoIIouk,  '^"''-  *-■'""""  '•"« 

with  J.  v.  I'riniro.se,  en({ineer.  While  the  Tacoma  was  i  monster 
in  size  and  power  compared  with  the  tn(,'l)oats  that  had  prececkd 
her,  she  was  a  small  craft  comiiared  with  a  British  ColuiuMa  \\\f. 
launched  this  year  at  I'ort  I'vSsiiiKton,  on  the  Skeena  Kiver.  This 
mammoth  of  her  class  was  built  by  the  McAllister  Hrotliers,  wliu 

selected    the   remote   location   on   the  Skeena  in  order  that  the  raw  material  to  be  used  in  the  hull  nii^lit  \k 

ea.sy  of  acce.ss.     This  vessel,  which  was  christened  the  .  llc.xander,  was  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  Iomk,  with 

twenty-.seven  feet  beam,  and  was  towed  to  \'ictoria  by  the  Otter  in  November  to  receive  her  machinery,  which 

came   out  from    Ivngland    on 

the    bark    Mountain    J. am;/. 

It  cost  a  fortune  to  build  the 

craft,  which  was  nicknamed 

MiA /lister's  J'o//y,  and    the 

cost  of  operating  her  was  in 

proportion  to  her  dimensions. 

Captain  Kudlin,  her  first 

master,  was  succeeded   l)y 

Morrison,    Marchant,    J.    I). 

Warren,   John    McAllister, 

Ur(|uhart  and  Uendrodt.     As 

.soon  as  the  running  expen.ses 

had  exhausted  the  remainder 

of   McAllister's    wealth,    the 

A/exander  was    disposed    of 

to    Captain    Warren    for    R. 

Dunsnuiir  in  June,  iSSo,  the 

.,  ^.  ,        .  ,M  JiKITISI!    TIT,    "  A|,KXAN1.|-;K    ' 

consideration   being  $15,000. 

Dunsnuiir  ran  the  steamer  until  about   i,S9o,  when  she  was  sold  to  T.  P.  H.  Whitelaw  of  San  Francisco,  who 

converted  her  into  a  whaler.     At  Victoria  the  new  Re/ianee  was  launched  in  March,  1876,  for  Capt.  John  Irving. 


Hl-:Nt.\MIN    HAKI.ls 


m 

'  J I 


'"Capt.  Heiijamin  Harris  was  lioni  in  MassachusuUs  in  uS^7  and  followed  the  sea  wliilc  a  younn  man.  He  oanu 
Sonnd  in  1.S58  and  coinim-Miced  steaniboaUni;  on  tlie  Ratii^er  No.  J  from  San  I'rancisco.  Ih*  was  next  on  llie  lilizd  .  /'/■/ 
since  llial  lime  has  heen  in  continuous  service,  having  had  command  at  different  periods  of  nearly  every  small  steamer 
Sound,     lie  is  at  present  residing  in  Seattle. 

"Capt.  I.ouis  IIensi>eter  was  horn  in  Illinois  in  1855,  and  on  rcachiu),'  the  Sonnd,  in  1S72,  hc^au  ruuninK  as  deok 
fireman  on  the  /.ep/tyr,  (ri)lia/i.  Nort/i  /Kieijie  and  .l/ida.  He  wfis  afteruanl  on  the  Comet  for  a  few  months  as  mate  an. 
appointed  master.  .Since  then  he  has  heen  on  the  /.  />.  i.ibby,  /li-ipole/i,  Ten%ei\  (ieor.i^e  A".  .Stiiir,  /.one  /■'is/ieniiivi  .un! 
lie  owned  the  latter  ste.'uner  for  .'i  ye.'ir  and  a  half  and  then  sold  her  to  the  Slimson  Mill  Company.  He  sul)se(iueutl\  ' 
steamer  /h'spnteli.  which  he  operated  for  a  year  as  a  towboat  and  then  fitted  for  passeiifjer  .service  and  used  her  on 
route.     His  last  steamer  was  the  i'ttri/tin. 


to  PiiKfl 

I  Mill,  iiiiil 

oil  I'lU'et 

liaiul  anil 
was  then 
I'liaiilom. 

.illjrllt  lilt 

llie  islaml 


Losn  of  thv  "PiKiHc,"  Now  Trnnnimrtntlon  Cnmfinnifn  on  thv  Wilhivfttr  and  Cnhimbin 


245 


Shevva^'    nnstructed  l>y  Joliii   I'.  Sti'ffi'ii,  "  the  Portland  sliipliuildcr,  iitid  contaiiifd  lioilcrs  maiiufiiclurcd  l)y  the 

W'illaiiuUo  Inm  Works.     Tlif  stcniiifr  was  otif  liiiiulrfd  and  twciity-tliree  feet  loii^,  iwci.lylhree  feet  beam,  four 

fci't  six  luilies  hold,  and  was  operated  on  the  I'VasiT. 

Till.'  most  important  vessel  built  in  the  Northwest  in  1.S76  was  the  revenne  cutter  Thomas  Corwiii,  Innnched 

nt  Alhiini,  Or.,  AuKUst  2y\.  The  Coruiii  is  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  touK,  twenty-four  feet  beam,  and  twelve  feet  holil,  and  cost 
$i)2,(v)o.  As  she  was  the  first  (lovennient  vessil  I'onslructed  in  the 
State  of  Orej;on,  the  occasion  of  her  liiunch  bronnht  fortli  an  immense 
crowd  of  spectators,  The  Corwin  is  still  in  active  servico,  and  for 
several  years  past  has  spent  the  summer  in  lierinj;  .Sea  looking  after 
the  sealing  interests. 

The  construction  of  first-class  sailing  vessels  in  the  North- 
west had  louK  since  passed  the  expcrinicntal  sta^'e,  and  amon^f  the 
additions  made  to  the  coasting  licet  in  iSjfi  was  ihe  bark  Caxstiiu/id 
.tJaiiis,  a  ve.s.sel  of  nearly  i.zdo  tons  register,  launched  at  Scabeck. 
and  i)rovin>{  to  be  one  of  the  fastest  sailers  alloal.  She  was  for  n 
lonn  time  in  charge  of  Caj)!.  William  V.  Ivlwards,  '  and  was  wrecked 
near  Cape  Flattery  in  iHH.S.  The  barkentiiie  /\'<i/if  riiihiiii^n-  was 
completed  at  Helllown,  a  suburb  of  Se.ittlc,  for  11.  \' .  and  Sheldon 
Allen  of  .Sail  l''rancisco  and  Captain  (lilman  of  Seattle.  This  vessel 
has  been  employed  in  the  coasting  trade  contiiuiously  since,  and  at 
present  is  owned  by  S.  I'.  Peterson  and  others  of  San  I'rancisco.  At 
I'ort  I.udlow,  Hall  Brothers  constructed  the  three  inastc<l  schooners 
Coiirsri,  ,^S7  tons,  Pniiiiir.  .v>7  tons,  and  /\i/>o>l,r.  ,^,',7  tons,  and  the 
barkentiiie  (Juiik:ili-/>,  423  tons.  All  of  these,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Courser,  are  still  in  active  .service.  The  schooner  .Unry  /\irker, 
58.50  tons,  was  launched  at  I'tsalady,  the  A'o/>ir/  and  Miinii,\  1)4. ,v^ 
tons,  at  Port  Madison,  the  l/tiyis,  i.S4.,V5  tons,  and  the  /.  /I.  /.itiis, 

.'17. 70  tons,  on  the  rmp(pta,  and  the  I.aiira  May,  2,vt.4o  tons,  and  the  Jiiniic  Slil/ti,  J7,s  tons,  at  Coos  lia\ .     The 

li.irk  (ian/'iiMi.  a  pioneer  in  the  China  trade,  was  |)urcliased  by  Corbetl  it   .Madcay  of  Portland.     The  .American 

!iark  IIV.vAv//  /)'<•//(■  was  completed  at  Math,   Me.,  for  U.   K.  Thompson,  S.  C   Keed,   Ikiirv  KailiuK  ami   M.  S. 

DiirrcU  of  Portland,  and  Capt.  W.  II.  Hesse  of  Hath.     The  (Jregon  Ship- 

Iniildin^'  Company  was  incorporated  at  Portland,  November  11,  1876,  for 

the  purpose  of  constructing  and  operating;  sailing  vessels.     Kdwin  Rus- 
sell, W.  S.   I,add.   A.   P.   Aiikeny,   Donald    Macleay,    William    Reid,    H. 

Goldsmilli    and   Charles  Ilod^je  were  promoters  of  the  enterprise.     The 

.small  .sclioiiiier  Oirmi  S/'ruy  was  seized  in  Alaska  on  a  charge  of  peddling 

whisky  among  the  Indians,  ami  was  towed  to  Portland,  where  she  was 

sold  at  auction  to  William  Gallick  for  $,V,S<">.     'I'he  Columbia  River  grain 

litel  for  i.S7(i   included  seventy-two  vessels:  thirty-seven    British   ships, 

Uvfiityhvo  British  barks,  five  .\merican  ships,  two  .\mericnii  barks,  one 

Ciinnaii  ship,  two  (iernian  barks,  and  three  French  barks.     The  smallest 

iif  the  fleet  was  the   British  bark   Slrnlliftliii,  409  tons,  and  the  largest 

was  the  American  ship  Samuel  Walls,  2,0,^5  tons.  Captain  Mountfort.' 


John  1'.  Stkit-kn 


"Joiiii  I".  SU-fTfii  WHS  l)orii  in  Holsleiii,  Cieriiiaiiy,  in  iSp,  and  leiirned  slii])- 
I'liililiiiK  ill  till-  yards  al  I.iilit-ck,  iiii  tlie  Trave,  serving  »  seven  years'  apprenliceslii|i, 
wliioli  111'  siipiileniented  willi  four  years'  e-vjierienee  al  sea  as  a  sliip  ear|ieiiter.  He 
mulled  ,S.iM  l.'raiu'isid  in  |S6S  and  was  in  tlie  service  of  llie  ('loveninienl  at  llie  Mare 
Waiiil  .S'avv  Varil  iDr  nearly  Iwii  years.  .^Tter  coining;  to  I'lirllainl  in  1.S70  lie  was  in 
the  iMn|ilov  iif  the  Oregon  .Steam  Navi),'ali<in  Ccnniiany  I'nr  twii  years,  and  in  1.S72 
mi;iiKi'cl  ill  sliip1iiiilditi){  mi  his  own  aeeonnt.  liis  first  iiniiliu'lion  litiii^;  the  Mm  ia 
Wilknn.     Siiiee  thai  time  Mr.  .SlelTen  has  (■(instriieted  iiiaiiy  ol  llie  fastest  and  finest 

>U;iiiiliOals  alliiat    in  tile  Northwest,  all  of  the  steamers  ojierated    liy  Jaeoli    Kanini  • 

lijviii«  l.eiii  hnilt  under  his  supervision,  and  the  I'irloiiiui.  I'.  J.  I'otlfi  and  a  nnniher 
"I  olliiT  ste.iiiiers  of  the  Oregon  Raihvav  iS:  .N'avi(iatiiin  Coinpanv  were  lanmlied  from 

his  yiinls.     Over  a  score  of  boats  eonstriicted  by  .SlelTen  are  sti'll  alhial  in  Ihe  North-  Cait.  j.  j.  Wixant 

ivesl,  and  each  attests  the  skill  of  the  linilder,  who  has  never  yet  made  a  failure. 

■^-apt  William  1'.  I')dwards  was  liorn  in  Maine  in  iS|7  and  ciinimenced  his  marine  life  on  the  .Xtlanlic  Coast  in  Ihe  I'niteil 
Stalls  Sill \c'y  .Service.  He  came  to  Ihe  I'.icilic  Coast  in  iSi)fton  llie  ship  l.ivf  (hii'  and  joined  the  schooner /.  A'.  U'/iilnn;  in  .San 
I'raiici.scci,  leinainiiiH  with  her  until  she  was  wrecked,  and  then  Koiii),'  to  the  liark  .hltliinlr  ('on/'ii-  as  mate.  He  was  in  the  employ 
»f  W.  J.  .\daiiis  it  Co.  for  eijjhteeii  years.  dnriiiK  w  liicli  he  had  eliarne  of  the  liarks  ( >irx<ii.  C  irvuiinlra  .■h/iiiiis,  and  ships  Olymfiih 
anil/.  .1/.  diiflilhs.  On  leaving  tins  employ  lie  took  the  steamer  Mmy  lliiiiic  for  two  years,  running  to  Vx\  River,  and  then 
rcceivfil  liis  |ireseiit  coinmand,  the  steamship'//«/Hi'iii/(//. 

'•I  ipl.  Kohert  M.  Moniitfort  of 'facoma.  Wash.,  is  a  native  of  lirniiswick.  Me.,  and  has  been  ennaxed  in  the  marine  bnsine.ss 
for  thirty  line  years.  He  came  to  the  Colnmbia  River  in  1S76  in  the  ship  Saiiiiiel  II  nils,  at  that  time  one  of  Ihe  largest  vessels  to 
filler  tilt  liver.  .After  making'  a  foreign  voyage  witli  the  Halls,  he  returned  to  .San  I'rancisco  ami  ran  for  a  year  in  tile  coast  trade 
will  the  -liip  Clia/lc»i;i-r.  He  snbsc()nentl'y  saileil  her  to  I'hiladeliiliia  and  returned  in  iSHi  with  a  carno  of  railroad  iron  for  the 
Niiillierii  I'.icific  Railro.ad  at  Tacoma.     At  the  present  time  lie  is  superintendent  of  the  coal  bunkers  at  that  point. 


f'lJNl! 


!l 


■is 


246 


lewis  4'  Prydon's  M:)riiw  History  o/'  thr  PncHic  l^orth,vcsl 


Nine  of  the  vessels  registered  over  i,.|i>ii  tons,  four  over  i,(uki  tons,  and  twenty-four  over  1,100  tons.  Of  iln. 
Heet,  Henry  Ilewett  1.S:  Co.  disjialelieil  eleven  vessels.  Corbett  iS:  Maeleay  fifteen.  .Mien  >\:  Lewis  ten,  Salnn  I'loiii 
Mills  Company  twelve,  James  I.aidlaw  iS:  Co.  six.  J.  MeCrai.ken  vV  Co.  two  Uodjjers,  Meyer  vv  Co  hvilw 
Miller,  Marshall  k\:  Co.  one,  and  R.  C.  Kiiniey  thiee.  The  first  ear(;o  of  wheat  ever  taken  from  l'ii(.',il  .Somnj 
was  loaded  at  the  Swinomish  I'Mats  in  i.S;*!  hy  the  hark  II '.  II .  Seaver,  Capt.  William  Tuttle.  The  sliipiwoiit  ili.l 
not  j;o  foreign  direct,  Imt  was  sei.'  to  San  h'ranc'.seo  and  reloaded. 

While  the  loss  of  life  and  property  h-  marine  disasters  in  i.S;!!  was  insij-iiifieant  eompared  with  tli.it  ol  1!;,. 
previous  year,  a  eonsiderahle  nuniher  of  small  vessels  and  al  least  a  .score  of  lives  were  saeriticed.  Oiir  ii|  ||n. 
Columliia  River  grain  lleet,  the  liritish  hark  Xaboh,  Ca])taiii  I'etherston,  sailed  March  4th  and  was  luvi  1  Iuai4 
from.  A  new  sloop  Iniilt  at  Tillamook  for  the  Ci.h,iiil)ia  River  trade  was  wrecked  on  Clatsop  Ueacli  in  luhniaiv 
and  all  on  board  perished.  'iMiey  weie  Capt.  William  Terwilliger.  master  and  owner,  Jo.seph  Centeii,  Ihc  hiiiliK: 
Indian  (leorge,  a  pilot,  Richard  llall  and  William  Haiky,  each  eij'hty  years  of  age,  .iiid  James  ImihsI.  aRni 
twenty.  The  schooner  I'laiiia.  Capt.  Thomas  K.  I,ee,  sailed  fmin  Kodiak,  Decemlier  J<ith,  with  a  car^;c  nl  lii:^ 
for  San  l"'ranci.sco,  aiul  is  still  ini.ssing.  The  ( aptaiii  was  accompanied  liy  his  wife  aiul  two  year-old  son,  ami  li.ul 
as  pas.scngers  I.uke  Slieerar,  formerly  deputy  collector  at  Kodiak,  R.  1,.  Williams.  C.  llaietonotT,  1).  Sliiipsir. 
iMiiil  Shirpser,  and  a  crew  of  six.  The  brig  Pnfetuit  sailed  from  Coos  Hay,  October  J.^d,  with  a  caigo  of  hiinlm 
for  San  Francisco.  She  was  towed  out  by  the  I'rur/i  ss,  and  that  night  enconnlered  a  high  wind,  which  i  1  .iMcasoil 
until   the  next   morning,  when  she  sliii)])ed  a  sea  that    fdled   the  I'oiecastle  and  started   the  deck  load.     The  lirii; 

.soon   became   waterlogged,   ami  llu 
lumber  on  deck  was  cast  adiill.     .\i 
5:110  I'.  M.  the  next  day  the  iiiaimn.i>l 
went    by    the    lioard,   and    the  deck 
worked    loose,    finally    diil'liiig   ckai 
of  the  hull.      It  was  used  as  a  rail  hv 
the   survivors,   the  cook  onlv  lo.sini; 
his  life  in  attempting  to  reach  il,  and 
afterward  broke  into  three  pieces,  tin 
captain,  mate  and  three  men  remain- 
ing on  (Mie,  two  men  on  aiiolliei.  and 
the  .second  mate  alone  on  one  imitiMn 
They    drifted    alx  tit    with    mo   Unn\ 
except  a  few  raw  potatoes  initil  Oil. 
ber  .'7th.  when  they  were  rescind  In 
the   .sclioimer   l\i/-iini    and    t.ikiii  to 
San  b'tancisco.     The  schooner //v/i. 
Capt.  J.  J.WinaMt.'   for  ."s.m  I'tanoi.sni 
from  Va(piina  with  a  caigo  of  ovslir<, 
hides,  etc.,  \va-   wrecked  on  Vai|iiin.i 
bai.    I'ebruary    lOth.      In   sailiiii;    11! 
the  wind    failed   and   the  sclni'imt 
drifted,  a    heavy   sea   pievcnliiij;  Ini 
anchois    from    lioliling.     Shr   vvjv 
swept  onto  South  Heach  and  swamped,  the  crew  esca|>ing  in  small  boats.      Capl;iiii  Winant  proceeded  to  I   ■itKiinl 
and  the  rest  of  the  crew  went  to  Coos  Hay.         he  vessel  and  cargo  were  valne<l  at  !f>i),c«Mi,  and  the  wreck  ^dd  I'm 
$^\^'.      Ajnil   sth   the  schooner  (iiio/iiir  Mtitiiiii,   Captain   Madison,  bound   foi   San   b'rancisco.  wis  <lesliiiviil  .it 
Yaipiina  in  exactly  the  same  manner  as  the  /,/::/V       The  loss  was  $ici,.«.m,  and  the  wreck   sold   lor  i.!f\     Tin- 
schooner  / '«</<•  .S'(f/«  was  wrecke  !   in   .March   near  Cape   b'oiilweatliei,  all  on  board  perishing,  and  wluir  llu- linll 
came  ashore  the  masts  were  found  to  ha\e  been  cut  aw.iy,  indii  aling  that  disaster  had  overtaken  lu  i    it  m.i      Oih' 
body  was  found  in  the  wreck. 

The  .Vmerican  bark  (h/;,it/i/.  owned  by  William  Reiiton  ami  coinmauded  by  Capt.  J.  S  lUack,  w.is  unckid 
oil  Sonwarros  Reef,  in  latitude  1  ,^i  .  longitude  ti\\.  The  vessel  was  rii  ii'ii/r  from  I'ort  Townsend  in  Ni« 
Caledonia  with  lumber,  and  was  lost  through  .111  iiror  of  the  chronometer.  The  .Vmerican  scIiodirt  '■  ''/'M  .1 
small  I'uge.  Sound  trader  owned  and  sailed  by  J  I"  ('■ibboiis  of  I, a  Conner,  stranded  on  Trial  Island  111  Jiniian 
and  became  a  total  loss.  The  worst  cal.miitv  on  the  Coliimbi.i  was  tin  sinking  of  the  steamer  l>iii\i  .\:>i\xoitl: 
at  upper  Cascades  during  a  fog    N'ovembia    Jjd.     <  )tlui   disasters  to  inland   steaiiurs  were    the  bnniiii     ol  llir 

■' dipt.  I.  J.  W'ln.iiit  \\a^  Imhm  hi  Ni-\\  N.uk  m  is^s  and  lla*^  tiad  a  \.ini'd  f.iiii-i  in  lIuniaiMit-  liusinrss  1 U  .  i  .iisi'd  I"' 
-•ifveral  imtntlis  amnn^  Itu-  i'.l.inds  c»f  the  Snutli  I'ai  ilir.  tniiliii^  ami  liiintin^  liti  pral  l.-^.  ami  li  i.  aKu  ni.iili- •.cvrral  vn\  .i;:i-H  its  llll 
tuirlll  as  U-\  I'ajie,  ami  alnnii  the  slli.rt  s -.1  .\laska,  llu-  Alfiitian  NIaiids  .md  llle  <'»Kisl  n!  .Silxi  i.i,  Ir.inlin^  w  .iliiis  al  d  wli  ilfJ*.  Hi* 
lias  tuTii  niasU'v  of"  vi-sscls  on  llu*  I*a«  iiu-  Cttasl  loi  iiraih  a  lliiid  ol  a  I'cnliny,  liavhig  roiniiiaml  ul  ilie  sidiotiiu'i  .  'tf/M  '  /V.l/'. 
riilillin^  lietwei'ii  .SlioKlwalor  II. iv,  Va<|llilla  and  Sim  I'lancisro,  in  llu'  raih  sixlirs,  lie  made  il  wia'ckiny;  viiy  im'  In  II"  i''«'»'  "' 
Mcvii  u  and  i'\|iloi<'il  tlic  sunken  slia"islii]i  .  V/i-  .■/  S,i>i  I'laii,  isii\  utmvi'iiiii;  tii.if  ot  Ini  lu'asmr.  l"a]>laiii  Wiiiiinl  w  '■  I'd"'  "" 
llu-  tiist  sea^oin^  su-ainer  llial  riitncil  \'.i<tiuiia  \V.\\.  lie  was  ntastei  ul  ilie  strain  sriioonei  Mi\Jnrf  loi  sexei.d  >'eurs.  ■>■  '  lor  tn* 
past  lew  seasons  has  hail  eharj;e  iil  llie  sleanier  Ihimloiillr,  I'ligagid  in  llie  ouiisling  Iraile. 


ki.\  I  NIK  Cm  I 


■  ■fnoM  \s  Cii 


w 


m 


Loss  at'  thf  "h\\c.ilic,"  Nvw  lninsport:ition  Coni/mnies  on  the  Willamvttt'  niul  C,olun)b'r.\ 


I'  1 : 


^l^■alm  '    'A  (.<'■'/ (,'»'  ;U  Coos  lliiy,  tlic  sinkinnot  llio  Willamette  River  steamers /I/if^/Vi  // '//X/»/.v  in  April,  C(illi'<p<  '\\\ 

liiiu'.    I  iii    lloiittiua   in   October.      All  of  the  latter  vessels  were  afterward  repaired.      The  Itriiish   hark    .l/'hv 

Ci>:,f'(i    Captain   Nelson,   arrived   at    .\sloria,  July    ,vl.    lirin^inn   two  Japanese,   whieli   she  had   pieked   up   in 

mid  nil  111   fioni  the  wi.'ik   nf  a  jtink.      The  craft  from  whicli  they  were  rescued  had 

s;iilcil  li''iii   lliikiidale,    Nnvenilier   i).    1.S7S.  with   thirteen   Japs    ahoard.      They  were 

liliHvii  i"i  shore  ihnini;  the  ^;ale  which  nearly  wrecked  their  jnnk,  and  tossed  alioiit  for 

iiiMih  -1^  months,  eleven  of  them  dyiiiK  at  various  times  between  January  iitli  and 

M.iv      ill.     This  incident  was  regarded  with  interest  hy  many  who  had  heen  inclined 

to  111-  ski'ptioal  of  the  stories  of  Oriental   jniiks  which  had  Mown  to  our  shores  in  the 

iMilv  put  of  the  centviry. 

AiiioiiH  the  deaths  in  the  marine  profession  in  i.S;*!  was  t'apt.  William  Mitchell, 
,1  wi'll  Utiown  lliiilson's  Hay  Com|iany's  master,  who  came  to  the  Coast  in  i.S.V.  and 
rt,is  iiM-'lir  of  Ihe  I '(iiiioiirii;  I'milvio,  A'iit<ri>y,  Ihia,  /liinYr,  and  other  old-time 
iT.ifls.  Captain  Mitchell  died  in  X'ictoria.  January  iith,  aj;cd  seventy-lour  years. 
i.'.i|il.  1!.  .\.  .'Starr,  .1  rn^el  Sound  steamlioatman,  expired  suddenly  July  i.|th  while 
I 'I  h'li/i  Uom  I'oit  Townscnd  to  (Hyinpia  on  the  steamer  .!-'Hif  S/rud//.  L'ol.  J.  S. 
Kiiokel,  one  ol  the  original  Ore);on  Steam  Navigalion  Comp.iny,  died  at  Washington, 
1).  C  Ml''  .',;d,  aned  fiflv  'cars.  Capt.  Daniel  liaunhnian,  a  pioneei  on  the  middle 
rivor  ami  lnother  of  Capt.  I'^  W.  Ilan>;hman,  was  iliowned  at  Cathlaniet  in  .April. 
C:ipl.  S.  1'".  Lewis,  at  one  lime  owner  of  the  steamer  (i(i'ii;('  S.  Il'ii't;///  and  an  old  time  ocean  eni;incci.  passed 
.iw.iy  :il  San  l'"iancisco  in  Septemlicr,  a>;eil  lifty-four  years.  Capt.  l''raiik  Carr,  of  the  steamer  Wiikhii.  fell  Imiii 
till'  wli.uf  at  .\sloria  in  July,  sustainiiij;  injuries  which  soim  resnlteil  in  his  death.  L'apt.  Koheit  I!.  Randall 
w.isilrouncd  at  I'matill.i  Rapids,  March  ~\.\\. 


I"  A  I- 1 .  Wll  I  <  \M    Ml 


^ 


i  i! 


J! 


-M — 


'^-' 


il! 


'  s 


m 


Urn' 


;i    . 


CIIAI'IIR    Xll. 

TiiK   Kink   Sti;kn\viikki.i;ks    "Widk   Wi;st,"     'k.    K.  Tmumison,"     "Moi  ntain    (jriiiiN "    an'd     "  Annm; 

l'".\XON  " — STKAMHOAT    Ol'l-ICKKS    UN    M  1  llDI.K    ANI>    I'l'I'Iik    CoI.l'MlllA       W 1  LLAMl'lTTl!    RlVliK    Si'I'AMKRS 

"  McMiNNVii.i.i; "  ANM)  "A.  A.  McCi  i.i.v  " — Oi'I'osiiidn  to  Stakk's  Linu  on  l'i(.H'r  Soind  'rm; 
I'acii'ic  CoAS'i  Si'HAMsmi'  Company  Sti:ammiii'  "  Ai.hxandi  k  Dincan"  1''ntkks  tiik  Susi.aw 
RiviCR— Coi.i'MiiiA    Ri\i;k    CiRain    and    I'rc.KT   Soind    I,i miihh  1m.i-:i':i'    i'ok    i.ss;     W'kixk   mi    iiii: 

"  CoMMODUKl':,"       "  CAMllitlDOU,"      "  SWORDl'ISIl,"      "NlMlll'S"      AND     "Hl.Al.'K     KaOI.I':"    -  STI-  \  MMIll' 

"Ori'.at  Ki:riiii.ic"  on  '.'hh  Portland  Roiti;     Sti:ami;rs  "  John  Catics  "  and  "  Har\i;st  nri;i:N 

— jACOl!    KaMM's    STUAM-'K      ■  I.l-RI.INIC  "-     I.KWIS    AND    LAKK    Ri\|;K    TKANSroRI-ATlON    CoMl'ANS'  -Till. 

"Oi.ymi'ia"    Rin'i'RN:;  To    I'it.kt   Soi'nd    and    thk    "Wilson   (1.    Hlnt  "    to  Victoria     liKixisii 

Col.UMIlLV   LAKK  StICAMKRS   "  Sl'ALI.AJIACIIIvLN  "    AND   '     I.ADN    Ol-   Till;   LAKIC"        I'll '.KI'  SoINU  STKA.MLKS 

"Gum"  and  "  Joski'Hink  "— Oi'i'OsiTioN  Pilot  Schoonicr  on  Colimhia  Har-  Loss  oi'  tiii-;  I'xmois 
Ci.ii'i'iiR    "  \Vi:si"KRN  SiioKi':"  —  I'atal  Collision  oi-   Marks    "Osmvn"    and    "Airioia"     Whi 


riiK    "  KiN(.    I'liii.ir."    "  Cnv    oi     Dimlin,"    and    Stuamiir    "  UivWicr 
Siiicridan"    Kin   Koun   iiv  Sti:amsiiii'   "  Anlon." 


SciloiiNLK 


I'llll. 


[X  'I'lll'l  c\cs  of  Uif  world  at  liirj;i-.  Oregon,  W'asliiiintoii  aiul  liritisli  Ci)liiniliia  luul 
lull);  been  ifj;ar(kMl  as  localities  too  leiiiolc  I'nr  the  invciilioii  and  application  iif 
iiiiprovcincnts  not  already  tried  in  that  older  portion  of  the  country  deiioniiii  .1'  il  l>v 
the  valine  expression,  "back  I'last."  That  this  impression  was  false  in  >  very 
liarlicular  has  been  abundantly  pro\eii  by  the  remarkable  success  of  N'orthwesieni 
river  men  in  building  sternwheel  steamers.  When  Captain  Ainsworth  and  Jncoii 
Kaiuni  undertook  steamboating  on  the  Columbia,  they  were  recent  arrivals  from 
the  Mississippi,  where  ,i  steamer  |)ropelled  by  a  stern  wheel  was  hardly  consnlereil 
worthy  of  the  name  steamboat.  Naturally  enongh,  tiieir  first  production-,  were 
modeled,  to  a  certain  extent,  after  th'ise  to  which  the\-  had  been  accnstoiinil  ;  liiil, 
being   men   of  practical   ideas,  they   soon   <leterminLd   that   stirnwlieelers  were  liettiT 

adapted  to  the  western  streams. 

The  result  of  this  determination 

was  the  building  of  the  Jiiiiiii 

C!<irk\  and  each  steamer  which 

followed  was  an  improvement  on 

its    ])redecessor,    until,   in    1H77, 

the    Oregon   Steam    Navigation 

Company    constructed    a    craft 

which    might    api>ro|)riately   ''*•• 

called   the   perfect   steriiwheiler. 

as,  notwitlisl.inding  the  lapse  ol 

nearly   twenty    years,    no    better 

production   has  since    appeared. 

The  Wid,-  li'isl.  as  this  palatial 

steamer  was  christened,    w.is 

laniiclu(l    in    Portland.    August 
isth.    and    made    her   trial    trip 

October     17th.       She    was    two 

hundred  and  eighteen  feet   long, 

thirty-nine  feel  six  inches  beam, 

and  eight  feet  hold,  with  engines  twent\'  eight  by  ninety  m,< 


inciu-s,  net  tonnage  ijj 


At  the  tint'  of  1m 


the  entire  inland   ein|)ire  was  enjoying  a  period  of  womlei  ful  develoi>meiit,  .uid  thousands  oI  lolls  ol  wlu 


Ivciit 
Mxcd 


Oiyanizntion  of  Pncific  (^onsi  S.  S.  Co.,  Fierce  Com/xjtition  on  Ocvan  Routvs 


249 


*P 


the  sti    iin.'rs  to  tliuir  iitiiiosl  capacity  on  the  (lowiislrcani  trips,  wliilc  tlic  up  carj;<)cs  ot  incrcliandisc,  ImiUling 
matcrijl,  farm    machinery,  etc.,   fairly  k'h"<-''   t'"^  warehonses  Ijcforc   transportation  conUl  lie  pro\i(le<l.     Thi.s 
was  llu'  condition  of  affairs  wlien  the   ll'/t/f  West  went  into  connnission,  and,  wilhont  waitinj,'  to  complete  her 
funiisliiiiK'^  "ii<l  caliins,  she  was  ushered  into  service  as  a  freight  steamer,  making;  a  roiin<l  trip  eacli  da>  between 
the  C;i  oades  and   Portland,  loaded  to  the  ^H'Tds.     The    foUowinj;    sprint;   ^''<-'  W'''*   completely   lilted   out,  and 
receivnl,  anions  other  improvements,  the  dates'  liydranlic  steering  K<--ar,  which  was  >;ivcii  its  first  trial  on  this 
sleaniLi.     The   W'ts/  continned  on  the  Cascade  ronte  for  several  years,  with  occasional  trips  to  Astoria,  and  in 
iSSo  iiiac'e  the  run  from   Portland  to  Astoria  in  five  hours,  a  record  that  remained  unbroken  for  several  years. 
JdIui  W  olf  was  in  command  of  the  steamer  nearly  all  of  the  time  on  the  Cascade  route,  with  John  Marshall  as 
ciiHiiHcT.     She  ran  lor  several  days  in  i.S.So  with  one  cyliutler,  niakinj;  very  j^ood   time,  before  dama>;es  could  be 
ripaireil,  and   in  the  interim   the  head  was  blown  off  the  remaining  cylinder,  leaving  her  hel])less.      Her  power 
iiiid  spied  can  be  understood  when  it  is  stated  that  she  towe<l  the  hull  of  the  Oiiiitiiln  hister  than  it  had  ever  been 
.-ilile  to  .t;o  while  eipiipped  with  power.      In    i.S.S;,  the  steamer  was  makin.i.;  .1   round   trip  each   day  to  Astoria  in 
loinniand  of  Captain  l{abbi<lKe.     She  was  also  on  the  same  run  iin<ler  Capt.  Clark  W.  Sprague.      Her  last  service 
was  to  the  Cascades  in  cl   ir^c 
(if  Capt.  A.  M.  Pillsbury,  and 
ill  1SS7  she  went  to  the  bone- 
yanl.    wliere    her    house    and 
iiiDsl  of  her  finings  were  trans- 
Iriivd  lo  the  new  sidewhei-ler 
/:  /.    i\'lh->.     The   hull   was 
'!un  solil  to  the  I'nj;et  Sound 
Sleaiii  Lighter  vS:  Transporta- 
tion Company,  who  ecpiipped 
it  witli   a   small  engine,  and, 
ill  tile  command  of  an  iuex- 

.rieiice<l  navi}i;ator,  the  craft 
-.larlrd  I'or  Puget  .Sound, 
wrnkiiin  on  Destruction 
Ulaiid  I. see  wreck  of  Whir 
West.  iSSij). 

The  loss  of  the  splendid 
new  steamer  Jhihv  Ahisuorl/i 
was  seriously  felt  at  this  time, 
mil,  as  speedily  as  possible, 
wdik  was  pushed  on  her  siu  - 

ussnr,  the  MoiihIiiiii  Oiutii,  which  was  l.aunched  at  The  Dalles,  Martdi  i,s,  1S77.  Hy  a  siiij^nlar  coincidence,  the 
hull  of  the  wrecked  /hiisv  .liif::.o)lli,  which  had  been  hanr,iiit;  to  the  rock  where  Martin  .Spelling  had  left  her  a 
lew  months  before,  lloateil  off  and  went  over  the  Cascades  the  same  day  that  the  iUifni  entered  the  water.  The 
latter  steamer  was  one  luniilred  ,ind  sevenl>  sis  feet  long,  thivly-two  feet  beam.  se\en  feet  six  inches  hold,  engines 
from  llie  Ihiiay  Aimworlh  tweiitv  bv  eiglit\  loi.r  inches.  The  (hurii  was  put  in  connnission  on  the  middle  river, 
111  charge  of  Capt.  John  .McNnlt>  and  luigiiieer  Carroll,  remaining  there  until  i.S.Sj.  Capt.  b'led  Wilson  ;ind 
Capt.  James  \V.  Trou])  also  had  charge  of  her  at  difieienl  times,  the  latter  taking  her  over  the  Cascades,  July 
h,  iSSj.  The  rini  was  made  in  eleven  miiiules,  raring  with  a  train  from  the  upiier  to  the  lower  landing,  and 
lieatiiig  it  by  over  a  miniile.     ( )u  tlie  lower  ri\er  the  Moitnlnin  (Jiui-n  ran  on  the  Astoria  ami  Cascade  route  until 

tttSi),  and  Captains  Clark  W.  Sprague.  James  Wilson,  .Saiiriel  Colson.'  Henry  Kin<lie<l.  John  C.  Cioie,  .and 
"tiler  well  known  niasleis  were  in  cliargi'.  She  was  nbuilt  in  iS.Sij  as  a  --idewheeler  ami  called  the  Sclioiiii . 
alter  winch  she  was  sent  lo  Puget  Sound  (see  steamer  Sc/ioi/iri. 

To  complete  the  splendid  improvements  in  their  service  over  the  entire  line,  the  ((regmi  Steam  Navigation 
Coin|i,iiiy   laiiiiched   the  slei  luvheelcr   .ht/i/r   /'iixt'ii   at    Celilo.  .May  ,•,!.    1S77.     'IMie  steamer  was  mie  hniulred  and 

I  apt.  SiMllllu-l  L'dlsiin.  Itfller  klldWll  Mlllnll^  his  whir  elri-le  ill  liiemls  as  "  Hig  Sam,"  loinnii-lu-eii  llis  lll.alilie  ealli-l  it)  tin* 
ilwp  n.iicr  service,  anil  alter  lillowiiig  llie  sea  in  iiiaiiv  jiarls  iif  the  wcirld  arriveil  mi  the  C'oliiinlii.i  in  the  early  seventies,  lie 
workr^l  as  deckhand  (nr  a  slum  time  and  was  tlieii  .ippniiitnl  iii;ite  nii  the  (Ire^en  l<aiK\a\'  vv  .Navigation  C'nnipany's  sli-arners,  anil 
liir  iniiiy  years  seivi"!  as  mate  ,inil  piliil  with  Capl.Cliok  \V.  .Sprayne  im  tlie  A'.  A',  'riiiiiii^  .mi  ami  Whir  /rrx/,  esLiKlishin;;  a 
rc'piit.iiiiMi  .IS  .1  skilllnl  navigator  in  loi;  ami  darkness.  Wlieii  the  iin-^oii  Uailway  .V  .Navigation  Cumpatn  iiiant^nT.ili-«l  a  iii^ht 
spfvici-  on  the  .Vslinia  lonte,  I'apt.nn  e'olson  was  ^i\i-ii  eomniami  ol"  tin-  ilnimp^oii,  ;nnl  made  ;i  remarkalile  record  tor  ihe 
cltu'k  like  re^iiiaiit\  with  whuh  he  lironght  Ills  ste.imei  Ihion^h,  le^aidliss  ol  log,  storm  01  ilarkncss.  He  w.is  reieiitiv  .appointed  a 
hraiuii  {lilni  on  the  (.'ohimlii.i  .iii.l  WiM.imelte.  and  in  iSij.)  letiteil  llom  the  ardllons  work  ol  riiniuiiK  a  ninht  lioal  to  .aeiept  an  e.isier 
p<)»iti.,ii  on  the  steamer  (),  l;l,ili,liil,i. 

Capt,  Henry  Kindred  is  one  ol  ( )ie;;on's  ii.it na-  sons,  his  lather  heinj.;  Ihe  piomaa,  y'.iptaiii  Kindled,  who  was  opeiatiiig  a 
liiiliM"  line  hctween  .\stiiria  and  <)rencni  City  in  the  forties.  'Ihe  young  man  roinmein'  .1  his  ii-ariiie  laieei  on  stnall  ste.inuis  at 
llieiih  nth  III  the  I'ohiiidiiti,  t  I'.riiig  the  siTviee  ol  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  ahonl  twenty  yi-aisago.  tollowing  their 
forlii:  .  and  those  ol  tlieir  sin  <  'ssois  until  iXyj-  "'  was  lor  many  years  in  comniaml  ol  ilieir  lioals  hetween  I'ortlaiid  anil  Astoria 
oil  till  I  iie^oii  side  ol  the  Cohimliia.  .iiid  was  altrrwanl  enj;i.(;i(l  as  in.isUi  .mil  pilot  i.n  the  night  limits.  lie  left  the  eotiipany  a  short 
tiiiif  :   t)  to  take  eoniiininil  ot  the  tug  Aewise  t  iiuj^/ift,  used  as  a  ieniier  to  the  eity   hedge. 


A.-' 


;  M 


If 


V  ; 


!i  I 


250 


/ t'win  df  Drydun'it  Mur'ini:  Hifttory  of  tlio  Pnciflc  Norihwaitt 


sixty-five  fuL't  liiiiK.  Iliirty-seveii  fcL't  lieain,  five-  k-vl  six  inclus  hold,  willi  (.•nuiiies  lioiii  the  i'lii/iini  si-vciildii  liy 
scvfiily-lwo  inclu's.  Ciipl.  Iv  W.  liiitinlinian  was  iti  coiiiiiiaiKl  in  1H7M  and  had  willi  him  I'l.  W.  Sijcikxt 
and  VV.  I'.  (Iray,  |)ih)ls,  John  Till,  male,  I'lliT  Do  llnll,  cliii'T  engineer,  Iv  ().  AnikrsdU,  sccoiiil  ciiiiiMcr, 
W.    T.  SlL'vons,   piiistT.     Till'    /undii    was   sid)s((niiiitly    in    chaij^c  ol    Captains    I'iiinston,    I-'riii    Wilscjii   ;imi1 

J.  W.  Troup  until  1HS7,  whi^n  she  was  rcluiilt,  and  from  that  tiiiu  inuil 

,  AuHiisl,    iHi)3,  shf  was  liandlfd   hy  Captain   lianKlmian   and    Ins  son 

Marry.     VV'liik'  in  cliarKt'  ol   tlie  lattir,  .\nj?ust  r.j,  iSij.^,  she  ixplodiil 

lur   l>()ili-r,   killing    t•i^;llt    pi-oplc   (see   wreck   of  Aiiiiii-    /'tiMnn.      Her 


<ii^;ines  were  allerwaid  removed   Irom  the  wreck  and  plaeec 
steamer  /.ivislnii,  completed  in  iH(;,|, 


ni  tl 


K-  new 


Master  linililer  Holland  ol   the  Oregon  Steam  Navij^alion  Com- 


lany  hroke  the  record  for  steamI)oat  hnildinn  in  the  conslrnclion  d 


the 


S/u 


Innidri 


d   ,-1 
ini'hi'S   ho 


ompletinn  her  in  thirty-two  days  ami  six  hours.  She  is  mii- 
ml  lilty  leet  lonj^,  thirty-two  leet  lieam,  .ind  lour  I'eel  ci^lii 
d,  with   engines  from   the   Coloiiil  H'>ii;/il  fourteen   hv  forty- 


eight   inches,  and   was  launched   ;it   Celilo   in    Novemlier,  1.S77      C:ipt 
J.  VV.  'i'ronp  was  in  conimand  during  the  first  year,  and   V,.  W .  Spi-iucr 


■haigc  of  h 


■r  in    1.S7.H.     Capt.  Cieorge  Oore  w.'is  with 


]■ 


(M'l.    I'l  111'    H 


with   engines   foiirli 


ind  i.s.S(,  Using  her  to  carry  stone  for  the  railroad  bridge  at  .Ainsworlli. 
ihe  next  len  >ears  she  was  conuuanded  by  C;i))t.  John  Sinni|i  miiiI 
Captains  Iv  W.  and  Harry  llauglim;in,  the  latter  h.iving  ch.irge  ol  lici 
in  i.Si;|.  She  was  relmilt  in  i.H.S.S  and  is  apparently  good  lor  scvenil 
years  of  service.  'I'lie  inevitable  opposition  rju  the  n|>pir  river  cmppccl 
out  ;igain  in  1H77.  Ihe  new  factor  being  the  A'c/V/zrivv/,  one  himclnil 
.111(1  twenty  lour  feet  long,  twenty  four  feet  beam,  four  leet  six   iiidus 


by  lorly  eight  im  lies,  built  at  Columbus  by  the  Small  Ilrolhers.  Capt.  ']".  J.  Sliniip 
left  the  Diegon  Steam  Navigation  Company  to  take  command,  and  ojierated  her  until  the  latter  Jiart  of  r.S7.S,  when 
she  w 


eiil  the  way  of  all  competilo 


(1  Irom  tliiit  time  sailed   under  the  Oregon  Steam   Navigation  Coiiip; 


Hag,  Stump  retaining  his  position.     In  1.HS3  h',.  V .  Coe  was  in  charge, 


and  l'"re<l  Wilson  was  her  last  captai 


As  th 


le  ollicers  on 


llu 


iildh 


river  and   upper  river  steamers  weie  changed  from  one  bo.it  to  another 
so  oltiii,  it  is  dilli(  ult  to  secure  a  correct  list  of  those  serving  on  ejicli 


steamer.     The  f<dIowiug  contains  the  names  of  tlw 


Host  prominently 


connected  with  Ihe  operaliou  of  the  Heel  on  those  waters  from  1S71  lo 
is.sj:  Masters  Thomas  J.  .Stump,  John  I'.  Stiinip,  (itorge  (lore, 
J.  W.  Troiip,  !■;.  \V.  Ilaughman,  !■,.  W.  Spencer,  W.  I'.  Oray  l)e  Will 
\'an  I'lll,  I'..  I'".  tNie,  C.eiirgi-  1'".  Sampson,  .Silas  Smith,  .|ohii  .McNiilU  , 
h'red  Wilson,  .\I  i'iiigston  ;  eiigiiuers  WilliMiii  llman,  D.ivid  Panluu, 
I'erry  Smtt,   I'etei    1 K-  \\\\\\\  Ch.irles  Jennings,  I'eti  1 


H,  Clin 


Tl 


.Smith,  Henry  Smith,'  l'"rederii  k  Ciates,  A  Mnnger,  John  Amh  rsoti, 
Charles  Delim,  .\.  II  I'orstiKr,'  I.oiiis  Herl,  llonald  Ilrcpihart.  I.ullur 
Cole.  C.  < ),  .Anderson,  Samuel  h.  I'.ill,    Willi.ini  .N'ewsoiii.   John  I'ipphr, 


■'Capt.  I'rle-r  II.  I'thii  WHS  tmni  iti  ri.iiMi  1!  HliiKs,  lovvii,  in  i.s,,.  .mil  i  .iiiiu 
tl)  llu*  I'anlir  C'li.-ist  ill  iSfii^,  tii-i'lllllillj;  Ills  iiLtmir  lati-ri  III!  tile  Ijlllf  ..lilcwllcrli-r 
I'ltnict't  on  \'ai|iiiii:i  Ilii>.  .SiiH  f  ilicii  lie  has  IiiIIo\m'iI  Ins  r.illing  ;ill  nvi-r  the 
I'arilir  Const,  (tiilli  Val|)al-aiM)  ti>  the  Ari'lir  <  )eean.  U'hilc  oil  a  sc;ilin^  cxpeilitjon 
with  the  straniiT  h'litr  iliiil  .  himi ,  In-  w;ih  ;iilriit  in  llciin^  Sea  Im  ..rvci.ij  i(,'i\sallil 
caiiir  near  Insin^i  his  lifi-.  ami  aflei  waul  he  was  aslimr  mi  the  ^^uislaw  Iiai  Imir  days 
anil  inv'.tils  mi  .'t  ei.asi  iiig  slr.-iinn.     I  li-  w  as  Ihe  last  tn.ister  ol  I  In-  not  m  ions  si  ca  tiler 

/K//;;//»;,' /.'/.',  Ila\lll^^   lleell    ill   iliargc  wlnll   she   laillled.il  laiiiitoll  in   iSi^^.      Sinr*.  s.wnii    !■    f.iii. 

thai  time  he  has  hern  niiiniiig  on  ihe  sleniii  srhooner  .lin'in/ii  ami  other  i-oasl   is 

'  Henry  Sinilh,  c•ll^;illl•  r,  was  lioni  at  <  iri-^^oii  I'll  \  in  iSv).  ami   i  oninicnccil  sli-anilioaiiiiK  on   Ihe  hlir  I'oliinilaa  •■! 

A'.  A',  '/'/iiiiil/isiiii  in  iX-;S.  III.  1,111  (or  si-m'i.iI  yi-.iis  on  llu-  eoliiinlaa  Kivi-i  .iiiil  l'ii;,'el  Soiiml,  ami  h.is  niiiillv  liii'll  ■oiimili'l 
llli-  sleainer  l\<i  lliiiiil,  loiimils  Ihe  /Invlliiil  /i'/'/'»W/(.  .Mr  SlilUli  olil.iineil  ^  misiili'ralili'  iiolm  iclv,  while  lirsl  assislaiil  •■ 
iilYHtpian  on  l'ii|;it  .Soiiiiil  ill  i.Hi>i,  tlii'iiii;;h  a  iiiisiimlt-ist.-iinliii^  willi  dipt.  A    .M.  MiAIpinr,  then  in  roininaml  ol'  ihe  sU-aim-i 

'  l-reilerick  Ciales  is  a  son  ol   llic  lale  pihii  I'rales,  ,ini|   w.is   lur  twenty  yi-ars  ,1  pioaiini  ill   ennimiT  in    Hie  cnnilov  1. 
rmnpaiiy  wliiih  his  (at  her  served  so  loii>;  .iml  (ailliliilly.      I  iiiiint;  ilir  nianv  years  in  which  In-  h  is  la-. 11  eii|;ageil  011  the  uvei   li 
worked  as  (hill   iiigineer  on  iicarU  allot  Ihe  hesl    . learners  owned  liy  the  I  ire^oii   Sleiuii  Navigalini  Conipaiiy  and   II-mii'' 
lie  ret i red   frmii  the  river  ahoiit    iSMij  and  spent   live  years  on  a  rami  near  Cliclialis,  Wash  ,  returning  lo  the  w.iler  a^jun  in  1 
)oiil  llie  /.*.  .S".  Iii\kt't  as  engineer. 

".\.  II.  I'lir  liner,  eii^;iiie(  r,  was  born  in  I'eiinsylvania  in  i.Sp,  and  eoinnieiieed  his  marine  ciiiir  on  the  <  llm.  and  Missi 
rivers,  reiiiaiiiiiii;  llicic  iitilii  is;,-,  when  he  eaine  lo  Ihe  I'.e-ilie  t'oasi  .iml  (mind  einplovineiit  on  the  ..Iciiini  r  ftliin,  riiniiiii^  hi-i 
I'orllniid  and  Cmvalle.      lie  wis  allerw.ird  on  ijie  upper  lolninliia  on  the  sleann  1  Xm  l/iursi,  with  t'.ipl.  'I'Ik  mas  .Siiiinp,  imi. 
passed  iiilo  the  hands  ol  the  Oregon  .Steam  .Navi^^ition  (.dinpanv.     He  Iheii  entered  iheir  emplov  and  reniained  with  llieni 
eonliniionsK  iiiiiil  ( iilnla-r,  i.SHij,  [lis  last  work  in  llii.ir  service  hiiiiv.  o"  'he  t'asr.nh'  hoat.     Alici   h-aviiin  the  conipaiiy  he  c 
III  wairk  aslioie  at  Salt-m,  where  lie  lias  sinre  reniained. 

'  .Samuel  I'.  Ciill,  ellvjimcr,  was  limn  in   I  .iinlaml,  1  llli>(lallll>;  lo  the  I   11 11  id  SI. 1 1  is  when  a  liie,  .       lie  served  his  apprelll 
.11  Wooster,   .Mass.,  and   1  aim    lo  llu    inhiiiiliia  Kivii   .ilimit    iS;,!;,  when   he  ealeied  the  servii c  ol   Ihe  Dic^v'"  Steam  Nav 


till- 
mill 
I  llif 

I  Ilir 

,-  leis 


-•I'l'l 
wct'll 

I  till' 

I  lost 

(.■l-d 


■Oiip 
lion 


(Jr<j:iiil/:ili()n  of  I'wulU:  Const  >S',  .S.  Cn. ,  rii:rGa  Coiii/julition  on  (Jcann  i\'outi!H 


251 


Han,  CoaUs,  J.  Catioll,  Cliailcs  ]',.  Oon;  James  Driscoll,  Cliarli'S  Slillwi-11,  I).  Malin,  Joliii  Cany,  William 
lldgiiii,  TliDiiias  llocy,  II.  Ilr.llinan,  /ciias  Miiody,  I'Vi-rl  I.ast,  AriKiis  M<l)()nal(l,  William  A,  Cilliam, 
A.  N>i\vlimisky,  «<-■"<- rally  known  as  llrDvvn  ;  rnatis  William  JoliiDildli,'  Joliii  C.  (lore,  Charles  I'aiker,  John 
'iVll,    l.'iiiis   Johnston.    Martin   SI>^■llili^;,  William  Simpson,'"  Thomas   Master,    Dave  Cap|>,  J.   Allen,  William  S. 

Woisley,"    William    Miller,    Alexander    Uoaeh,    Alex    C.aston,    William 
llrncM,  John   Johnson,  William  H.  Whileomh. 

'IMie  IVople's  I'roteelive  'I'raiisiiortation  Company,  which  had 
commenced  work  on  the  steamer /)A.I//»«;77A  in  i.H7ri,  jml  her  in  com 
mission  in  I-'ehniary,  1X77,  and  in  Au^nst  purchased  the  sttamer  .V.  /'. 
(  liiirdi,  liiiilt  hy  Cai)tain  Cochrane  and  his  associates  the  precediM^;  y<ar. 
Her  former  owner  had  already  commenced  work  on  the  ./.  .7.  Mil'ully, 
which  was  lannched  at  Oregon  City,  July  ,v>lh.  'I'he  new  steamer  was 
one  imndreil  and  forty  ei^ht  feel  lonj;,  thirty  feel  beam,  and  lour  feet 
six  inches  hold,  with  geared  engines  twelve  hv  Iwenty-foMi  inches. 
Cochrane  had  ohar^je  of  the  steamer  until  the  following  year,  when  she 
was  houuhl  by  Capt.  J.  I).  .Miller,  who  refitted  her  with  more  ])i)werful 
engines  ami  handed  her  over  to  /,.  J.  Hatch,  pendin),'  the  seltlemcnt  of 
his  finaniial  dilTKiilly.  Hatch  retained  the  steamer,  and  C.ipl.  Ceor^je 
Uaalii-  was  master  for  a  short  time.  Capt.  I,  l>.  Sanhorn  meanwhile 
purchased  an  interest  and  comm.inde<l  until  i.s.H|.  Cieorne  Kaahe  and 
Sherman  \'.  Short  ilien  operatid  the  steamer  for  ll.itch  tnitil  r.SHO,  when 
she  was  t.iken  to  the  Cascades  to  he  lined  over  to  the  mitldle  river. 
While  lyiiiK  there  awaiting  a  favorable  slaj^e  of  water  she  w.is  burned. 
May  -■-■,  i.S.sri,  cirrviiiH  al  ihe  time  %\t\,^>i*t  insurance.  liefore  the  I'eii 
pie's  I'roleclive  1  ransportation  Company  connnenced  iijieralions,  the 
Willamette  Transportation  ik  Locks  Company  lonstalleo  a  threatemil  reduction  by  making  a  rate  of  oiu-  dollar 
per  tiiM  from    I'ortl.aud   to  S.ilem  and  #1 .  S" '"  1'"'"''' above.      H.  ("loldsmith  ;ind  Joseph  'I'eal,  two  of  the  ori^;inal 


Ciiiii|i:ui>.  iiiplcr  llli-   siipi  rve.ii>M  iil  Jiiliii  I'.iilis.      Ili-  woikcd  .is  ,1  nMiliini'-'    Im   tin-  iinripMiiv  wliile  lliin  wen-  1  niisl  r  iii  I  iiiK  llii- 

stciiiiHTs  thiin/,  Oitlifrtit  itllt)   Hoillhi,  .-iml   siihsiMHielltly  r.'Ul  jih  secothi  cnj^iiicrr   on  lln-    H'lllaiuiitr  f  hiif.      In   August,  lS-;fi,  In- 

Wits  shilirini-il  at  til*'  cKinpfttiy's  simps  at  'I'lie  Diilifs  ami  rcinaiiMMl  (ln*rc  until 

ISS^.  fxrclit    foi    altoul    a    vcar,  uhcn    he  was   in   lln-  scl  \-ire  <il   tin*  I 'n'tcil  St;itcs 

i;ii^;inffis.     U'tnlc  i.n  tin-   np)M-i    rlMr  In-  was  willi  C'.ipt.  W.    IV  <iia\',  ihuinj.; 

Ilu-  liiinnoik  in'li.-in  W'.tt,  on  tin-  S/>'}f,-,int\  wliiili  was  lunntn^^  honi  Srutkr  Rivt-r 

ilnwn  In  prt-v(-!M   tilt-  Itnliiins  IVoni  irossjii^^  to  the  Wasliin;;ton  side.     ( iii  It-iivinv; 

till-  rinptoN'  ril   lliL-  ( lii-^on  Strain  .NaviKatioii  Conipatn',  Mi .  (Vill  eli^a^t-d  in  tlii- 

IIH-Icantilc    linsiln    s  at    Portland    for    ahont    six    yi-als   and   tlnil    li-tlllin-d   to   Ills 

';i!lniv:       Appri-i-latlllj.;   tin-  valin    ol   eli-rlriiit  v  as   tin-  (-otnillj.;   nioti\'(-   powrl,  In- 

iiiailr  a  spi-rialt>-  o(   tins  In.iiirli  of  cii^iinri  iii^.  si-iAini.'.   Inst  as  cnj^iin-rr  :it  tln- 

.MiiltiioiM.ill  Street  l-:.iilw,i\'  Conipaliv's  ]»owi-i  lloiisi-,  ami  K"'"M  alli-rw.-ird  to  tin- 

fumii    t-.l(-»trn'    Towi-i    eoinp.'inv.      I-'or  tin-    p.-ist    tour  years  lie  lias  been  rliief 

i-iii;iiii-i-i  'if  tin-  I-;;ist  Side  Railway  C'olii|i;in> 's  pl.-int. 

William  A.  (iilliaiii,  rii^;iin-(-r,  was  liorn  in  ()ri-v,oii  in  iSss.  and  1-0111- 
im-iii-i-d  his  iiiariiii-  si-rvii(-  on  the  /'i/ni-  .  hims'inlli  as  dei-khaiid,  ^oiii);  Iroiii 
lii-r  to  till*  '/'rmnn  on  the  iippi-r  river,  where  he  sirrved  as  liremaii  for  two  years, 
iiiiil  was  then  imule  first  assmlanl  on  the  .lnnir  /•'iiyoh.  lit- w.-is  also  i-n^a^t-d 
;is  tiK'inaii  on  lln-  .  l/iili'/tl  ami  /-»////  (,',t/ts,  and  w;is  lor  (oiii  \(-.irs  rhii-t  of  the 
Sf'nl;ii}h\  n-iii,nnin^  <»ii  lln*  iippi-i  and  niiddli-  (■oliinil.ia  fVolii  IS;')  t'l  iSS^,  ^oin^ 
from  tln-K-  to  St-atlle  as  liisl  assistant  with  Alon/o  Virkers  ini  tin-  ll/fni)Hi\ 
111-  li-lt  tin-  ft't-/iiitnf  soon  alti-r  icai-hin^  tin-  Soinid,  srrvt-d  as  c-liii-f  mi  ttie  Ithihti 
fiT  .-it.otit  i-i^lit  iiiontlis,  and  then  joiin-d  the  steamship  I'tnattllii,  hut.  after 
luakni^'  one  trip,  wnit  tc»  tin-  -,te;iin  -.rlioinn-i  W'rst  ( 'it<i\/  .-ts  rliii-f  i-n^;iin-er  lor  a 
veiir.  Mnc-c  tln-il  In-  has  ht-i-n  i-ii^a^;ed  on  the  sti-aim-rs  r  in;i/<*/i/»//\.  H'htltin:,\ 
Sti:-l  S/>trtli;  and  Sniilh  t'<tti\f,  H-niaillill>;  with  the  fitter  vi-ssi-1.  t-\iept  at  ilitel  ^ 

v:iU.  foi  iK-arl\-  six  years,  .-ind  is  at  present  a  part  owner  ill  the  steamer. 

'William  [olinston  ln-^;aii  his  iii.-iniie  lifi-  when  a  hoy,  sailiiif^  out  ol 
Ivli^^lisli  and  .\llsti.illan  polls  in  thederp  w.-iti-r  tiaili-  for  several  \eat'.  Hi-  was 
;ifti-iu. ud  I  rnilii  (  tid  witli  the  «  i-lrlitati-d  rlippi-l  i'i>t//ft;  .liiininl,  lla\in^^  hr(-ll 
am- ol  lln- i-ri-w  wln-ii  sin-  made  a  n-roid  la-t  wrni  .\i-w\'oik  and  San  l-i.-ini-isi-o 
that  has  m-vi-r  hi-rii  heateii.  .Mter  Mr.  lohnslon's  arriv al  in  lln- Northwest  lie 
servcil  on  the  middle  -ind  upper  rivt-r  iiiitii  i-SS^,  w-lien  In-  ranie  ovt-r  Ihe  I'ast-atlt-s 
:is  mate  on  tilt-  A'.  A'.  Thotufwon .  Il>- aliMiidoiied  stt*afMlioiititi^  stani  altt-ru.'ird, 
t-nlM. 'I  lln- t-mplo\- ol  Itrown  .\  Mil  jiht-.  stt-\t-tlores.  ami  lor  lln-  past  tt-n  \i-.-iis 
li.i-.  '"rii  iii.-iiia>^(-r  of  tllt-ir  hramli  olfn-e  at  Astinni. 

"dipt.   William    Siinp'ioii    has   heen    t-ii^a^f-il    in    steamhoaliiiv;    '-Ji    the  1  ■*•"'    sni--i'M,tN  v   sma.  1 

Ciilinnhia  River  for  ovt-r  Iwt-ntv  sears,  lieKiiiniiiK  with  Ilu- 1 111-^011  Sli-aii   N.-tvi 
IjatiMii  rtin:pan\-  on  the  iippi-r  '.tiliimlna  in  tin-  t-arl\  seventii-s.      Me  st-ivid  .-is  illate,  pilot   and    niastt-i   tni  st-\i-ral   01   vht-ii    np  rivt-i 

-,li  .,111- IS,  and    was   fm    a    hmv;   tllllt-   pdot    with   t'apl.   I. i;i-  Iron-   on    tin-   -.li-.-iim-i    >>•■/-,(«,,  i-n|4.-i^;fd    in    tiallspiirllll);    mm  L    loi   tln- 

raih.irl  IniclKi-  at  ,\iiis»oi  111.  Wln-n  (.'.iptaill  Con-  was  >;ivt-ii  i-oilllllainl  of  flu-  Noriin-rn  I'wifit-  tralisti-i  final  l\l','iii,i.  In-  al  olitf 
st-rini  il  ('aptitin  .SimpMin  .ts  pilot,  a  position  w-hit-Ii  In-  has  helil  I'oiitiniioiislv  dMriiif*  Mie  past  hen  yt-ars. 

"  William  S    Worslcv  of  Astoria,  f*r     was  horn  in  Miiladi-Iphia  in  iSm.     Ih-  hennii  iti-ainhMnliiin  in  tin-  .\ortii«i-st  on  tin 
^tt-.^lM  r  ,S»ii;i'  in  iHdS,  ami  M'lii.iim-d  with   'lo    1  lifnon  Sit-  nil  Naviv;alioli  I"  •••liifMi-x    iinl  tlleir  -.in-i  ■  --.rns  iin'il  iSS  |,  «riikinj;  in--i^t  <d 

lln- I >  as  matt- on  tln-ii  sIt-.-itm-r-    on  tin-  Idit-  nvt-i       t  m  h-.-ivini;  iIk  ontH*"    'f  tin- Ore^;oll  R  nlwin  .\   Navii'-ilnm  (.'lanp.iiiy. 

Ill-  u,  lit  ft)  \sloiia  all'l  t-iniinii'lltt-t  iiiiinin^  .is  fiiLOm-i-i  <tn  tin-  I  illutn  sirhMr^iwrnth  tK-enptefl  ttn-  s.-iim-  jaisifitni  on  tin-  l\t,tit  lot 
llin-  tars,  ami  then  renio.'d  lit  1  mai-hiin-rs  ami  .iitxmMt-nilril  phiitint  il  i*  nW  .IA(H>l>»."iv-»  ftt  iSi,i  In  hiiill  lln-  ('«.,;;  ami  has 
lirt'ii    -  itli  liiM-  as  eli^iiiver  sllne  her  t  oiiipU-tioii. 


V/ 


■■■     i 

f 
i 


Hi  n 


II 


353 


Lowin  (f  Drydona  Marino  History  of  tha  Pacific  Nort/iwust 


orHani/.iTs  of  the  VVillaiiifUe  Triiiispnrlatioii  it   l.ocks  Comi)rmy,  Vftirc'd  in  April,  (iispi>sinn  i>t  llu'ir  iiitiic^ts  to 

Messrs.  CiirlK-lt  iSl    I'■ailill^;,     'I'lii'  I'.lvinn,   a  small  prdpilkr  (lesijiiiiil    uxcliisivily   lur  IreiHlit  anil    lowiiij^;.   was 

latinchcd  at 'Pile  Dalles  in  1H77  l)y  Tlioinpson  iV  OoddiKiUKl'.     She  was  iiineytwii  feet   lnnn,  twenty  feet  lieaiii, 

live  feet  held,  with  an  eight  by  twelve  ineli  engine.      She  was  jobliing  on  the   middle   river  uijtil  i.sh.>,  ulun 

Capt.  Donald  McKenzie  brought  lier  over  llie  Cascades. 

With  the  exception  of  the  steamers  already  nuntioned   the  steamer  ll'om/i),  bnilt  for  VV'eidler's  Mill     ua^ 

the  most  important  addition   to  the  tleet  on  the   Willamette.     The    \i't>ti(/rr  was  a  well  bnilt  slernwheeli  1   anil 

performed  excellent  service  for  over  ten  years,  when  she  was  succeeded   by  the 

No  \l\'iu/i-r.     Capt.    I.  Smith   was  her  (irst   master,  and  was   followed   by   W.    I'. 

Whitcoinb,    James    Whitcomb,    I'Vaiik    II.    'rurner    and     Kane    OIney,'     Ca|>taiii 

Turner   remaining  with   her  many  years,  with  W.  II.  Marshall  as  engineer.     The 

Astoria  steamer  lleet  was  increased  by  the  /\'if>  I'ci/i  II  iiiL-li\  h.dilh,  (>iiiiL-slif>,  .Sam, 

A'cisi'//(i  and  JIkilii-.      The  first  of  these  was  bnilt  at  Astoria  tor  the  various  routes 

on  the  bay,  and  was  comm.inded  during  her  career  by  Captains  W.  II.  Whiliondi," 

A.  T.  Davis,  Al   Harris  and  John   Ilarlow.     She  was  sixty  two  feel  long,  sixteen 

feel  beam,  and  six  feet  hold.      Captain  Harlow  sold  the  steamer  to  Jensen  iS:  Smith 

of  Seattle  in  iSHi,  and  she  was  taken  around  the  same  year,  commencing   to  run 

to  Hood's  Can.d  in  h'ebrnary,   rSSj.     Jensen  \  Smith  operated  her  for  a  short  time 

and  lluii  sold  her.     She  was  in  serviie  on  ncarl)  all  tlie  routes  out  of  Seattle  and 

was  owned  at  different  times  by  (leorge  I,.  Iloriii  r  nf  Tacoma,  John  English  and 

D.    N.    Holden  of  Seattle.     Her  last  master  on    I'ngct    Sound  was    Capt.    Harry 

Gillespie,  who  remained  with   her  until  she  burned  at  Kingston,  October  iH,  i,Si)2. 

The  propeller  /;'(/////  was  built  at  Portland  in  1.S77  lor  J.  (1.  Megler  iS:  Co.     Ivugene 

Brock,  her  first  captain,  was  succeeded  by   Capt.  Archie   I,.  I'ease,"  who  remained   in  charge  until  i.s.Si.     (.'ai.l. 

Thomas  Crang  was   master  for  the  next  five  years,  and   I'Veil  Sherman,  W.  V.  Whilcinnl  ,  Albert  Heard,  Josipli 

Church  and  W.  H.  Ilobson''  have  since  been  in  charge,      Michiicl  O'N'iel,  Thomas  Rogers  and  .Albert   Ross  wen- 

among  the  engineers.     The  lulilh  was  seventyeighl  Icct  long,  seventeen  feel  six  iTiches  beam.  :inil  nine  feet  liolil. 

The  Sitiii  was  a  diminutive  propeller,  with  a  six  by  six  engine,  Imill 
at  I'orlland  for  Capt.  A.  C.  b'isher,  who  r.in  her  between  .Astoria  and  .Skip- 
anon.     John   Douglass  w.is  one  of   her  lirst  engineers,  .mil  W.    I'.   Iliilon" 


''Cfipl.  Kiint- I  >liu.y  li.'ts  lii-eti  (.'inployt.fl  in  stcitiilioatiii};  on  tlu*  ColuinltKi  and 

WillaiMfttf  ti\LTS  ainl  I'M^cl  .Sonnil  fur  .-i!)iint  twi'iily  years.     He  is  a  l>iotlu-r  nl  llu- liiii- 

^^MHH|^^  ('.'i])I.    Ilinini  <)lnr\    ol  ScaUle,  .'Uiil  ^^a^  intertsli-il  uiili   linn  in  .1  nunilx-r  i>l  llic  S<.ini>l 

^^^^^^^^^  slealniT-,.      Iln  lilt-  (.■|ilunil)la  Klvfi   In-  was  lor  st-M-ia]  yf-ar',  in  llu-  rnipln\-  ot   tin-  Culnni 

^^H  Itia 'I'Tatispottaiion  I'unipan)  as  niiti- an'l   master  nn  tlie /7(v7."C'''v/ ;in<t   tihl'hour.     tit- 

^^K  j^^  ^  also  i-oinnnin'leil   tlu*  sleain|.rs  /.  ()nl:m\-  \\w\  WnuiitfUn  sk-\^'X:\\   nnnillls.     Altt-i  Irav- 

I^^K        -^p    ™  in^  ille  iowlmat  serviff  tie  w.as  t*li|jaj.;i'it  tor  a  sliorl   liim-  on   tlic   Kalaina   ferry,  and  U.ft 

.'LI^  tlu-ri.  to  tal<t.  rtiai>;i.  ol   ttit-  Covernniciit  siiji^t»oat  (  i>ntilfi\       lie  snl)S(i|iicntty  «  iilt-ri.ti 

till'  |.inpIo\  of  tile  I  llc^on  Kaitw.'iy  \  Na\i^alioii  Coill|ian<.  as  I'.iptain  ot  till-  slc.uiicr 
h'tnmtl  /ltn;riiiit  and  'itlii-r  tov\i»oals,  and  i>li  ti-avin^  tliric  woiltt-il  on  tin-  st«  .tracr 
/,/*;/;«r  as  pilot  wittl  (."apt   James '1'.  C.raN'. 

V  H)'i  VS'itliain  II.  Wlnteoinli  u.is  l.orn  in  Miluaiil<ii'.  Hi  .  |iit\  I'l.  \H^\ .  ami 
Willi  1)!^  >i»nrfli!lfv  «M.nt  to  Slioalwalir  lla>'  a  tiw  yi  als  l.-itcr.  Ills  lirst  III  a  ri  no  ixpn  li-lli  c 
was  on  plliwiK't"is  .Hid  si. ops  siiitin^i  in  tin-  lia\,  ami  altonl  t\\enl\  li\i-  \i-ars  Ji>"t  In- 
.inivcii  il  .\sloria  tiinl  ,>.innienri*(I  stt.amt)'>.iiiiiy^  on  small  si(.ami-is  rniiiiin>J  out  ot  ilial 
i-it\  He  went  Iroiii  tliiri.  to  tile  middle  and  upper  Colnmliia,  wliele  lie  si-rvrd  as  iiiati* 
on  till-  ( Irenoii  k.iiKv.iy  .V  Navii;;iMon  C'ompanv's  steamers,  allerHanl  servinj.'  witli  I'ap 
';illi  Si-nll  on  I  lie  J'/i'i  /u-ot}i/,  wlliTi  in-  alleniiili-d  as  jillot  and  niastir  until  t'u-  I'oiniililioll 
..I  tlu-  /r/t'/>/ii>tlt'.  I  le  was  on  llils  sli-.inuT  in  llie  same  eaiiari lies  lioin  her  liist  tup  iiiilil 
slit-  was  destloyt'd  li\  fire,  making  an  i.|ivialdc  irconl  l)\  his  -ikill  III  liandlill^  slr;ilin-rs 
wllili-  so  eil^iaged  .M'tl-r  tile  /(■//•/>///»//('  Inirned  lie  ri-tilcd  liolll  the  walel  fin  .1  li-w 
lllonttls.  When  the  rillled  Slates  strainer  Cum  ilf/t"i  \\n  >  placeil  ill  eoiliniisslon  in  rial 
lleetioil  with  till  1  •overllllient  work  at  I'TI  Stl-velis,  Whltconili  wasj;i\ell  i  olnill.illd 
Willi  the  i-Mi'ptloli  of  a  few  iiioiil lis,  dining  whirh  tin.  sti-anicr  wa-,  laid  up  ami  In-  pi' 
Oh  tllr  /  lit/lflt',  lie  lias  ti  iiiaiif(.d  ill  lilal^e.  W'llilt-  so  rlli^alji.il  li(.  has  llamil'  .1 
larKi'sl  tows  ever  iiio\cil  on  the  L'oliiinl.i  1  Ui\ri,  lianspoitin^  in  a  single  week  si\  ilM.n 
sand  tons  of  roek  from  I'islicr'--  I  oidlM-  to  .\stoiia,  a  distam-e  of  lirarh'  oiii-  liun  lod 
and  iwiiilv  miles.  Captain  Wliili  oiiih  is  n-^jardeit  as  oiu-  of  tlie  la-st  Ion  pilotsc.n  llu- 
^'•dtiiiiliiii  '*liil  lias  never  Iri.l  a  seiiiais  aerideiit  with  a  sli-aiiier  ill  his  charge. 
"Capt.  .'\relm  K.  I'ease  was  1  -Ml  al  nri-^on  Viiy  and  ini^til  ap|iropriately  In  called  .1  nalive-liorii  sleainl.oalmaii,  liis  I  illit-r, 
Cajil.  Oorye  A.  I'l-*^  ,  the  pioneer  U  .laiuette  iiMvi^ator.  having  taiij'ht  tlie  yoiiiij^  m.-iii  the  lirst  prim  iph-s  of  the  liiisiiiesH  at  .1  i-ry 
earlv  IH^  Captain  \it  hie  eoniiiiene^-J  al  llie  tool  of  the  l.-i.Mvr,  anil,  Wttivi  v\orkiiij^  on  derk  for  a  little  while,  look  eoiiiin.in.l  nt 
siiLill  *U-'imeis  .,1  \^tolla.  Me  afti-iwaiil  r.m  .ts  mate  on  the  ( Irt'^on  kar*»\  \'  C.i\'inatioii  C'onipany's  steaineis  for  a  hrn  1  pninil 
and  then  'oiik  .  h.^ii-r  of  then  lowho.its  lit  iK-^all  iiiiiliili^  passcnj^er  st-  iim-is  .dioilt  ten  wars  a^o,  and  sinee  Hit  n  has  hainllfd  llie 
best  lio.ils  ..i  ihv  l>ri');oii  l<iiltwt\  ,\  N'avi)>alit>ll  I'omp.iiu's  lleit.  lie  w  is  Im  a  loii^;  linit-  maslir  ol  thr  '/ .  /.  I'l'llii ,  ami  U-lt  litra 
few  years  i*»;tt  lo  t«ke  his  pii'seni  ^•.tvtiiuti  as  Inaneli  jiilol  on  the  W"llaiin.-lii-  and  Cotuinliia  livers. 

"(  .i|il.  W  II  (liilison  WHS  Willi  in  .\iistr.ilia  in  i.S.tiS  aint  is  a  son  of  Capt  Kit  lianl  llolison,  a  pimiei-r  pilot  on  Ihe  I'olninhia, 
His  I'li'st  marine  wink  u.is  on  tin  UieKon  Railwav  .V  N'avinalioii  I'oinpam 's  \sloii.i  sit  niiu.is.  In  issj  he  was  master  of  tlif  t"K 
K 'I  I  lit  It  for  .1  vear.  and  llit-u  ttttik  the  sti-amei  thn,  /,-\/t/>  to  l'n^;tt  Soiiml.  Ttin.iiiiiii^  llu  n  until  ISS;,  when  In-  went  to  I'olt  Itf  .1  ily 
Willi  the  ste.iiner  .Vii/llx"  ■  nut  ran  Ilel  lor  two  vears.  Ili  was  nexl  engaged  on  llie  \, 11,1/1  M.  h'ltlloil  lol  1  similar  pilioit,  it 
liei  to  K.I  I'l  pilot  on  th.  Stale  »/  II  iisliiin;tiiii.  lie  a. is  alterwail  on  the  West  Si-.ittle  lirry  for  a  yiar,  ami  ritiiriuil  1 
Cnliimliin  ill  ifi^^  lo  1  iiMiinaiid  the  steamer  /ulitli. 

'"<."«»|4.  W.  I*.  I  fit  Ion,  liorii  in  New  S'oik  in  i^  v»,  la-^;aii  st(..inil(oatiiij;  a  -Asti  .  u-  111  1S77  lit-  was  owner  of  the  Sit  in  an 
luivohit- ,  .ttiil  had  enarj^e  of  s(.\eral  other  small  sle.inurs  out  of  Astoria.  He  w.is  111  <  .iiiimaml  ol  the  steamer  Ui'i  iitinii  win 
Irtiriirtl  nl  Willow  liar  in  iS.Sg.     lie  has  re>entl)  l.ieii  riinniiiK  on  steamers  oiil  of  I'orlhiml. 


an.l 


ihc 


Wll.l.UM   M.   XfAHi*ilAl.l. 


lilK 
the 


llu- 

,lif 


w 


()r(j',uii/:)ti(>n  of  PncHlc  Const  S.  S.   Co.,  Fit^rci:  Com/iutition  on  Ocuan  Routi's 


aS3 


afkn^.ird  owiifd   ;itul  opiTiit    I  the  sleailicr.     Slic  was  in  scrviii'  on  the  liay  for  alionl   tin   years.     Tlic-  slfamtT 
/Ini       was  Imilt   at  Kna|>i>toM  in  1M77   Cor  R.  J.  Caplcs,  and  she  is  slill  cMiKaKc-il   in   towing  on  the  river.     Thu 
(lovriinneiil  siia^hoat  (oiidllis  was  coniijh'leil  at  Portland  in  May  for  servic  e  on  the  Willamette  Kiver,  and  Capt. 
(Id, I)''-  (lore  was  ni\en  ecniiniand  of  the  steamer,  wdiieh  has  remained  in  aetive  service  since,  anil  is  at  present  in 
i'liin>'   of  Capt.  Her!  Hatch.      She  is  one  hinidred   feet  lon^,  twenty  three  feet  heain,  three  feet  six  inches  hold. 
The    learner  (V'/r,J,  a  small   propeller,  was  huilt  on  the  Coqnille  kiver  in  i«77  by  Capt.  I'.dwanl  Ueeil.     She  was 
oriniiially   fitted   with   a   fonr  hy  si.\   entwine,  which   was    replaced    in    iHHd  hy 
one  (ikI'I  ''y  L-in'it.      Captains  Ivdward  Keed  and  ().  Reed  commanded  lier  nntil 
l.S.Sd,  when   Levi  Snyder  look  her  for  a  short  time.      He  was  snccieded  by  John 
n.   Na^er,  ("ieor^;e   I.eiieve,    II.    \V.    Diniham,'    Koliert  J.  Dunham,'    anil    N.  J. 
Cornwall. "'     C.   Iv   Lockwood,"  Joseph   Iv   h'o.x,  '  and  many  other  well  known 
cii),MTiiers,  have  handled  her  machinery. 

The  profds  of  steandioaliiin  on  Pn^et  .Sonnd  and  I'raser  Kiver  weie 
iiiiiteiially  lessened  liy  fierce  competition  in  1S77.  On  the  iMaser  Commodore 
IrviiiK  was  operating  the  steamers  /uliiiiKf  and  A'uvii/  ('il\\  William  Moore  was 
niiiMing  the  (itihiiilr,  and  both  parties  cut  rates  until  the  business  was  unprolil- 
iihle.  !)n  the  .Sound  the  steamer  Mis.\c>ii;i  r  was  makiiin  it  interesting  for  Starr's 
line,  with  a  twenty  five  cent  fare  fiom  ()l\inpia  and  T'aionia  to  Seattle,  uilh  a 
free  hiiich  thrown  in.  l.atei  in  the  year  a  compromise  was  effected  by  which 
Starr  received  a  sub-^id^   ol   5,s""  a  uiontll  In  withdiaw  the  l>l/>i    from   the   upper 

Sound  route,  Ki\'i"K  t''*^'  owners  of  the 

/.if>/nr:\\\i\  A/iwuiii;!  r  iwW  sway  except 

on    that    portion   of   the   Sound   where 

Captain  Ihillain  had  the  mail  contract. 

...  c,\rl .  Aiu  iiif.  I.    I'i..\si. 

liritlanrs   hue   MKiuded    the  steamers 

'/'lasiT,  lh\fHilih  and  lUiinl,  on  which  he  carried  the  mail  to  Snoho- 
mish, Skanil,  I, a  Conner,  Whidby  Island,  l''idalno,  liellinKham  liay, 
.Seuiiahmoo,  San  Juaii  O-.c;-.  aiid  I.ope/.  islands.  Capt.  John  Suffern 
built  a  little  <)|)en  hnli  steamer  ,it  lielltown,  near  .Se.itlle,  callinj;  her  the 
/«/iii  A'liliKii.  She  was  less  Ih, Ml  forty  feel  in  leunlli,  and  had  a  steam 
fire  euj;ine  boiler.  T"he  steamer  A'fl/ir  w.is  brouuhl  from  San  iManciseo 
on  the  deck  of  th'  1  :nf'  Mnillut  Ridioiil  and  ran  as  a  ferry  between 
.Seiitlle  and  h'reeport.  T  ii'-  team  titj;  /h»i(i/<l.  an  old  timer  on  the  lower 
coast,  arrived  on  l'uj;el  Sound  in  r.S77,  where  J.  H  l.iliby  was  her 
first  master,  with  J.  I'uln.im,  engineer.  The  tu^  /V/.i/,  bnilt  in  Portland 
in  1X70,  w. IS  sent  to  \'ieton,i,  Ca])taiu  Ilolines  taking;  commaud.  The 
pioneers  doliuli  and  lliuivi  r  were  both  exlensi\el\-  repaired  in  i><77,  the 


C Ai'i .  Kani.  01. m\ 
Miniti-\iiu.'  IVoiii   N'anuin.-i 


i.,.l 


"Ca|il.  n.  W.  DunliMiii,  Im.mi  n  l'riiiis\  lv;tni:i  in  i-S.ls.  '"^I  mim 
I'lij^iiUTi  (jh  fnos  Hay  in  |S7S  on  llu-  J/i/Ac,  Mnfi-  Ili.tt  tinn-  \\v  Inis  lu-i 
I'sli-tl  in  sfvrral  ol  tlit*  I»i-sl  known  stranifth  on 
Coos  hay  ami  the  C'(H|nillr  ami  lias  ii\\nc()  tin- 
.1/I//A-,  Aiitflopi-,  <'<«'s  itn<l  otluis.  Ill-  liinn^jjit 
Cons  |ta\  ami  tan  lu-i  lot  maily  a  \rai.  In  iSSj  he  look  tin- 
Kivii.  oiK-ratiiij;  \\vr  llu-ir  im  a  \i-ar,  an<l  snhs((|iifiitl\  lnou|^lit  ilit* 


-.1   as  an 
n   inlfi- 


1" 

iiutioatiii^  on  Cods  Hay 
sli   init-i    f  ti  Hi  /It/  ll't  l_i^hi. 


Ih 

.lUMIIlcr  (.<>i'S   l<t  lllU  Loijllllli;    i\i\i'i,    iiiK'iitiiii^    II VI     iiniv"   t\n    .\    >\.»i,    i)ii<i    ^iiin»  <|iit~iiiit    wiwn^m    im- 

.Uittf*if*f  from  llu-  Coijiiillf  to  Coos  Hay.  In  iSSH  lu-  look  Uh-  .  \nuii-  In  Coijiiilli-  ami  in  i.S(>i  sold 
llic  (I'lis  to  partifs  on  llu-  .siiislaw,  iU'li\t'tiny;  lln  sU-aint-r  to  ihi'in  alu-t  ['ilolin^,;  ht-r  ovt-r  the 
Siiisl  i\v  bar  at  niiilni(.',ht 

'■•Capt.  Kol.rrt    [.  Itinihain  was  lioin  in  Iowa  in  iSfm,  ;mi'1  lit-;;:in 
on  Ilir  lii^  f:\<in(  \t>.  /in  1H7S.      Ili*  was  nc\t  srroml  t  iij^im  i  r  on  lli  _^    .  _ 

Ifaviiijj.  lu-i  loi  I  III-  Myitlr  ami  llir  Coo\.  lit-  owiicil  a  hall  inlet  tsl  in  llu-  laltfi  vi-ssrl.  ol  wliicli 
lu-  tn.ik  rhar^r.  lie  was  .-(tiiTwanl  assoiiatcd  uilh  his  um-l«-  in  tin-  .fnnir,  ('rti\  an«l  .  Iu/i-/<i/>f\ 
ih- piiuliasril  an  inlrirsl  in  llu*  /h  \f^iili  h  i*u  tin-  l  tM|nillf,  opcLitnl  her  Utv  two  yt-ais.  ami  llu-n 
servc'l  on  roa'^lin^  sli'anishijis.  on  the  Uttuiet ,  /A////*^- ^«i/j,v' antl  ///('// as  niatc,  snl(st'<|m.-ntly  on 
Ilie  .  ///(/■  lUmi.haul  as  niaslfr,  ami  is  (•(niniM'tt-il  with  the  latter  steamer  al  the  present  linn*. 

"Ca|)l.  N.  |.  Cornwall,  ol'  (lanliner,  Or.,  was  horn  in  Vanihill  County,  Or.,  in  iVs.s,  and 
coiiiiiHiieed  Ills  marine  serviee  carry  in>^  the  mail  he)  ween  ICnipire  t.'ily  ami  <  ianlinei  in  1.SS2,  Mis 
lirsl  "-leanier  W'iis  lIU"  /linn  which  lie  operateil  lor  twelve  years,  an<l  ihcn  innk  (oiniuaii'l  of  llu- 
A'.y/.     lie  is  also  interested  in  Ihr  rni)j<ina  Steam  Navi^^ation  Ccniipaiu  . 

'"'C.  v..  KocUwoimI,  en^;ine<r.  ol  liandoii,  Or.,  \\a^  horn  in  Iowa  in  iS^^H.  lie  n.ninieiiced 
sti-auihoatilij;  on  the  I  'iiipqini  Kiver  in  iH;;.  rnnnin^^  lirst  as  mate  and  pilot  athl  then  as  engineer. 
Ik- ''.IS  KM  the  steamer  .//,/jw'al  ditlen  nl  Innes  lor  ahont  seven  years,  an'l  on  the  luuo  lor  oiu' 
yi'ai.  leaving  i.'oos  M.iv  tea-  I'li^et  Sonnd,  wheit-,  however,  he  reniaim*d  luil  a  shorl  tinii*.  On 
rt'linninK  •"  I'h*  Coipiille  he  wjis  en^am-d  on  the  steauu-rs  f'rrt\,  l.illlc  .tnHh,  .'uhlitfu-  and 
I.  piin  hased  the  .  \nlt'lofii\  and  is  still  operating;  her. 

^'Josepii  Iv.  I  v«,  enyhu'er,  was  horn  in  Kalania,  Wash  ,  in  iSss.  ^ii'd  has  heen  erniiu-eted  wilh  the  marine  business  alioiit 
VearM.  He  I.ej^an  on  the  sleani*-!  .Iiiti;,'  on  Coos  liav,  then  laii  on  the  steamers  A/\i//i,  Si>/  '/honiiis,  /■.'\,,it/  and 
as  hreinan  an  I  en^inee  ,  U  avin^  llie  J/vt/Zr.  wheie  lu*  hail  served  as  enKi'iei-r,  to  eoimnaml  the  stearmr  //(/\/>. 
silhs'  piently  taking  elmiu'e  o*  'he  A///A-  .  intt/i ,  (  nos,  Conut  and  )*///.',.'.  In  iSiji  he  lell  (. 
('iii.-  in  the  ICel  Uivei  1  ladc  WluMi  the  t  <)iii|iany  was  lortned  to  eonslrnc-t  the  U'i<>//  Mr. 
building  of  hei  machinery^  an  f  Trtitaitied  with  her  as  lirst  assistant  en;;ineer. 


I. 

IWci 

/;vo"/  .V,;. 


./A//,  and  sill 


II.  V\     IX 
seipu-nlK 


Aith 


Hay  as  ehii  I  enj^iiieer  ol  the  //<////> 
l-r»x  seemed  an  interest,  assisted  in  I  he 


ff 


If; 


Ifr 


Mi- 


ni 

j;  i 


iiili 


'I  i 


IM:- 


254 


Ij^win  (f  Dry(hn'/>  Marino  History  of  thi;  Pacific  Norfhwtml 


foriiUT  ciislinn  lilt'  owitiTs  dvit  $i,s.'|"'>-  Slii'  was  cciuipiiiMl  with  a  lU'W  Ixiilcr,  Mi'vt'rili'cii  (Vft  loiij;,  foiirln  n  and 
1)111'  liuli  Itfl  wick',  mikI  twelve  leel  in  dianiL'ter,  iiiid  sliirled  out  in  August  in  cliiiiHi'  nl  Capt.  S.  I).  I.ililn,  wuli 
J.  I'".  Drisko,  male.  'I'lie  liatvir  made  her  trial  trip  after  Dverlianliny;  in  Oetoher,  witii  J.  I>.  Wani'ii,  ii, aster, 
and  Henjaniin  Ma(linan,  en);itieer.  The  new  tnn  /\'iiiiiiit/  llolyokc  wa.s  laiMiihed  at  Sealieck  lor  the  mill  ciiiii|ianv 
and  is  still  in  aetive  service.  She  was  one  liundred  and  (il'teen  feet  lon^,  twenty-fonr  feet  lieani,  aM<l  eli  mh  \^■^.\ 
hold.      Nearly  all  of  the  prominent  Sonnd   liij;lioal  laplains  have  han<lled  her.     Capl.   HanielC    'riioiiisi 


her  for  two  years  on  San  1'' 


isi'o  har,  and  I,.  Ilarloe  '  was  one  of  her  lirst  eii^;ineirs. 


The  value  of  the  lleet  owned  hy  the  mill    C()m|)any  on   I'li^et   Sound   was  an 


rtanl   fiHini 


assessment   roll   in   iH; 
(■amhie     steamers  (ioliuli,  %\ 


The    different  vessels  and  their  assessed  valuati(ni   this  year  were  as  follo' 


II    laii 


oil     lllf 

rciii 


I'livon'lr,   %\i 


(  yiits 


U  ■<,//,; 


$" 


/%////,   $11, 


Sii 


i;iiiiii'>f 


$'.■>.•' 


larks    /hirii/    llondliy,   )[!c;,()i«i 


),iii 111  ;    )  iiKiiiin 


shi.iiiMi  ;  ships  A  /«;' 


< ' II  1)1  ill- 


.,S'«i; 


V'.w 


h\ 


i-ll  .s/> 


>ii,l;iii\  $'),^i«>  ;  Juiiiis  ( '//<  .\/i>//,  $.s,si«) ;   /■.imni/i/.  f,t  j, 


liarkenlines  l'iili)>\  5.|,vio 


/iiseftli   I'fikhis,  $i),^t*i 


i>rl   Madison  -steamers  /'oliUufsky,  $\2.- 


I\i(hy,  fi.\ 


shii 


p   (  <»(/// 


•lii),  J; 


harks  7ii/ii/  ll'ii:i\  $14,00(1;   i\'orlln,isl,  jfiiu.ooo;   Onhlniid,  $111, mwi;   I'iiliilr,  j^i  1 


harkentiiie  // '.  //.  (,ii:,/r 


$7- 


I'orl    lilakely  -steamers  Ithikily.   $1  s, 


*>-'. 


ship    '/'i>/>f;iilliiiil.  $\s.< ;    harks  M.nili,, 


A'll/lKIl/.   $7 

( (issiiiiihii 


Oiikhill,   5,^,,V"';    harkentiiie   A'.   A'.    Ilum,   $il,,S"ii.      Sealieck     steamer   lol/ny,   5j,,si 


.  til, I 


S^.V 


lark 
iporlant  event  in  steaiiishi))  circles  in   the  Northwest,  as  well  as  all  over  the 


Coast,    was    the    oinaiw/.alion    of    the    I'.uific    Coast    Sleainship    Conipaiiy,    successors    to    (loodall    iV    I'liki 


steamship    line.       The    oihcers    were  :     Charles    (looda 


piesK 


iciil  :    John    Koseiifeld,    vice  presi<leiil  :    (', 


or>;e 


C.    I'erkiiis,   treasurer;    I'Mvvin    (1 


()>i  ii/iii,  Siiiiiloi   and   .Imoii.  and  the  pro 


ioodall,   secretary.      Tlu-ir   lleet    included    the   sidewlieel    steamships    .]/,iliiiiii;o, 
pelleis   /.lis  .hii;i/i\,  Siiii  /.ii/\,  Smiln  (in::,  MoiiU-iiw  (i\[>s\\   Ihninlil, 


Siiliiliis,    Idaho 


I  'iiliiill 


and   (  oiisliiiiliiii'.      The  ( )re- 
Kon    Steamship    Company's 


possessions  in 


the  N'orthwesl 


inclnileil  the  sidew heelers 
(  hi/tiiiiiiiii ,  /o/iii  I..  S/i/>/inis, 
the  new  projiellers  dtori;/-  11'. 


I-Jdi: 


id  C/lvo/  (hislrr,  the 


(iiis.sie  '/'il)iiir  and  the  .-//Vf  1 
The  (iiv  0/   I'liisin-,  Caplaii 


Molle 


(1  at  Portland  on 


her  liisl  trip  March  isl,  and, 
with    the    (iioii^i    If.    l-.ldii 


id . ;/ 


(( I,  eoinmenced 


a  livi 


(lavs     service 


lie  twee  11    the 


Coliliiihia    kivei    ,111(1    .Sail 


The 


'acific  Coast 


Steamship  Company  operated 
the  sleaiiieis  Idnlio,  l.os  An- 


i;i/is 


h. 


and  (hi:.iil>(i  on 


the  same  route      The  latter 

\essel  made   her  lirst  tri])  to 

I'orllaiid  in  the  service  of  the 

opjiosition  line  .NiiKUst    slh,  in  chaine  of  the  followiiij;  officers;  Johnson,  c,i])ta 

Ilenrv  I.ampiiiaii, 


M.  M.  Kohl 


first  i>ni(  -r: 


iel  eiij>iiieer  ;   .Morjfan  Williams,  first  assistant  ;  Samuel  I'lirloii^;,  second  assistant  ;   lliilinaii. 

"C.'ipl.  J.  1'".  Drisko  was  Ixnti  ill  Maine  in  lH|  (.  ,iinl  in  his  carlv  career  cn.-istcfl  (iiii  ol"  New  N'olk  mi  a  Ini^^.  al'lct  w;n'ii  '.  iilniK 
111  lU'i'ii-w.iUi  vessels  to  llie  \V<  ^1  In. lies  ami  haimii.-,  in  tile  cniplciv  iil  |.  S.  Wiiislinv  C"i>.  iil  I'lirl l.iii.l.  Me.  lie  iiKiviil  I"  Hn- 
I'aeilic  Coast  ill  1S77,  I'lincil  the  tilil  \\\y\  ttoliiill  as  male  fur  a  lew  inonllls,  luul  was  llicii  a|i]ioilil('<l  in  I'^ter  nl  tilt'  '  'vi  u\  It  <i.l'i'i, 
allerw.inl  lloMlllH  tin  sallli;  |Misili(ill  on  tin-  l'\lViil  ili\  I  ,,ihiili  .\ni\  ,Uiii;lll.  lie  Itniaineil  ill  I'lipe  ,V  Talliols  i'ni|iIo\  on  l'ii);(l  S'Hill'l 
lor  six  N'cais,  ami  thtii  went  to  S.-iii  l-'rarcisni.  where  he  sliiii|M'<l  as  secoinl  male  on  the  sU-anishiji  .ihimut,!.  Ili-  IcII  lici  a  '.■i-:i'  '  I'fi 
to  lake  eliai^e  olT  I'.  II.  Wliitt-Iaw 's  wrerkllij^  slealller,  v\hi(li  lu-  (-omnninilcil  lor  li  v'e  M'als,  >;oiiik  I  i  0111  In  1  to  tin-  Siiitia  .I/-'-' '  '  '"f 
follrtecn  inonllls  .mil  lllell  Joining  tlie  stciiiishiji  .Wiyti,  with  wliirli  he  icinainc'l  lo,  three  \eais  ,ali<l  a  hall.  The  /•'iliiilli'il  w-i  Ins 
next  {•oniinaml,  iiiiil,  allei  riiiiiiin^  her  tor  ei^liteen  months,  he  Incil  on  shore  for  a  sliorl  lime.  I  le  lias  reeelltU  heeli  aii]'"iiitf'l 
iiiasti'r  ol  the  ste. liner  .  I/111/1112. 

Ca|il.  Daniel  I.',  'riioiiisen  ol  .Sail  I'raiiiisi'o,  master  ol  the  In^;  .Uiiiiiii  1 /i.  w:is  liiirii  in  Noiwa\  in  iS|i),  eminraliM  ''<  'I" 
rnileil  Slates  alioiil  lS(i(,  ami  s:iilc.l  oiil  ol  li.illiiiMne  .iml  New  Sork  lor  live  m  ars.  1  oiiiiii^;  lo  llie  I'aeilie  Ida.^t  in  IS;^  ami  1  ■  iill« 
the  sriioriiicr  /ifii  /'/I'lrtiii:  He  w.as  alterwanl  m.ale  .iml  sccoml  male  on  the  li.iiks  ,////;■/// 1,/ ami  /■)>■.*//<»;//.  the  ship  '"'"'  ""'. 
Iiarki'lllillc  (/  ihtiiiil  ami  srhooner  lli,vi\  in  llic  northern  Ininher  tr.iclc.  lie  Ilieii  lie^.iii  lnj;lM>,illliK  .mil  in  1.S71,  was  appolnleil  11  i.lii 
iil'llie  tn^  h'iivoiiti\  relaiiiin^i  lliis  position  for  Iwo  >'ears.  lie  was  then  lor  :i  siniihii  jierioil  on  the  In^j  A'ichiiiil  llol\'ol:i'  ati'i  t'l'' 
/( iilii   W'ilih,  (111  the  l\ixlir  four  years.  .SVu  W'ilili  two  years,  Siii  Oitiiii  ahoiit  three  vears,  and  has  siinc  heeii  on  the  liiK  Moiiin  '' 

•■'1.  Il.iilni',  cnnineer.  of  IIoi|iiiain.  Wash.,  was  lioni  in  I-!ti^;laml  in  iS,s^-  .\llei  his  arri\;il  on  the  r.uilie  t'oasi  he  w:e.  ■  ■i"" 
I'lllplov  ol  the  Pai  itir  .'\Iall  Slfaniship  t"oiii|).iii\  lor  eleven  Ncars  on  llic  steamers  ()i,i;i<>niin ,  ( ,'>  >  ihii/,i,  k'lo  /ntiiilii  ;iml  thi'  '  ''' 
S'ydllry,  lea\  lll^;  the  latter  I  o  ^;o  ;is  rhli-l  en^;llleiM  on  the  1 11^  I  liilyokt'  oti  I'll^;!'!  Son  ml.  ami  remailleil  with  1  In-  eolllp:iil\  Ilial  nea 
her  Tor  eij^lil  years.  He  then  rrliirneil  to  San  I'V.'iiieiseo,  where  he  was  eni)ilo\{sl  lor  two  \eais  as  liirenian  in  the  \iilii  -"i' 
Works,  alter  wliieli  he  went  to  Iluquiain,  where  he  Iia.s  since  Ix^en  inasler  incehanie  at  the  mills. 


()ry:ini/f)tiiin  (il  I'licillu  (!(i;isl  8.  S.   Co.,  Fii-nu:  (Joiiiiiclitiun  on  Oa 


MRS  lIollaiKl,  slcwiiril.     Tlif  ii.issftiHiT  rati' (111  the  Onuiha  was  jjti 


k'oiili 


355 


litr  ti 


I'lUKIl' 


and  $s'>".  willi   fri'inlit  fi.nn 

Tin.'  Orenoii  Stfaiiisliip  Cc)iii|iaiiy  riiliuid  tlic  scliciluli;  still  rititliii,  lanyinn  j^assinniis  at  S7..S"  ('iil)iii 

11  stciTam'.     Oil  I'u^jft  Siiiind  and  tlif  Victoria  route,  the  steamships  />iUolii,  Caplaiii  Moise,  and  i'l'ly  0) 

Captain  Scaliiiry,  wire  running  rennlarly.     The  sUaniship  < '(<//v///////(i//,  (.'aptaiii  Sialaii  y.  also  made  a 


k'W  vinaj-e 


lues  north  until  destroved  jpy  lire  in   San  l''ian(isco  in  ( )(toliei 


The  .t/,is/.:i  tl 


en  took    Ik'I 


Tin 


ijjd  sii-, liners  ./*/■,«///((  and  .IA'/z/kwo  were  londeinned  in  San  l''raneiseo,  and   in  Noveinlier,   1X77,  were  hiirned  on 


till' Sii  rameiito  mini  Hals,     The  Jlrxmiili'i  Ihiiiniii  entered  the  Siiislaw  Uivir,  Jnl>' 


IH- 


and  IS  (  iililled  to 


ill 


|1il'kI"IV 


ilteiidanl  on   having  heeii  the  first  steamship  to  ciili'i    that   hailior,  the  sieanui  Mni\   />.  1 1 11 


t.  apt. 


Iiiiiic--  rannhell,  ■  heiiin  a  close  second. 

SailiiiH  vessels  liiiilt  in  the  Noilhwest  in  1.S77  were  the  Ihrec  masted  si  hooiiei  IIiickiiiu  .  \\u  tons,  laiim  hed 
,il  I'ipM    l.ndlow.  the  two  inastcMl  schooners   W'nililc  ami   ,M.  /i.  /■'ors/ii  wy  Port  lilakely  liy  Hall  llrothers,  and  the 


loll  schooner   (  .    //.    Miidiiiiil  at    Marshlield   liy   II.    K.    Keed.     'i'lie  liarkeiitine  A'niHi   Unul,  ,^57  tons, 


alsii  liuill   at   Coos   Hay   lor  A.   .\l.  Simpson   and   was   sailcci   lor  several    months   hy  Captain    lloiidlette. 


The 


Ci)liiiiiliia  Kivcr  uraiii  lleet  for  1.S77  included  a  total  of  einhlycme  vessels  :  thirty  four  Hritish,  one  iMeiieli  and 
ikviii  Aineriean  ships,  ami  twenty-nine  Hritish,  two  American,  one  p'reiich,  one  Norwegian  and  two  (lerimin 
liiirk'.  These  vessels  were  loaded  as  follows:  Corlutt  iV  Macleay  six,  Allen  \-  I.ewis  ei^ht,  |.  McCracken 
,S:  Cn.  eij^lit,  Henry  llewett  iV  Co.  twenty  seven.  .Salem  h'loiir  .Mills  Company  two,  Koj^ir-,,  .Meyer  iV  Co. 
(IkIiI,  .N  Tell  Hoseh  seven,  Halfonr,  Ciiithrie  iV  Co.  twelve,  \.  In^;ersoll  one,  and  J.  I.aidlaw  two.  'I'lie  smallest 
ol  llii'  lleet  was  the  Hritish  hark  /(ifxiii,  y)\  tons,  and  the  lar^;est  the  Hritish  >,\ny  Itni  i,'/l.  i.'u'i  Ions.     Thiitvlhree 

Included  in  the  ahove  wiie  tlliee  cargoes  of 


iif  tile  vessels  were  over 


tons  a 


ml 


seventeen  over  1, 


tons 


llmir,  Ihe  rem.ainder  consisting  entirely  of  wheat.      While  I'liKet  Sound  as  yet  was  not  ell^.;a^;e 


1  in 


exiiortin; 


this 


I'r  foreign  Inmlier  lleet  lor  li- 


as nearly  as  lar^c  in  niimlKr  as  the  Colninhia  I<i\er  j;r;iin  lleet.     Seveiity- 


Aviii 


j.Mies  were  sent  from   the  mill  ports  in  1S77,  ami  sixty  live  vessels  eii^a^^ed  in  the  trade;    ships  /'.i  iniiihi 
liiiiic  /'isli.  .\li\iiiiilii   .MiNi'il,  Syiin,   /'i>  lisiim,  l.illlr  Witlir,  .hniihn/  lliiilo,  (ni.i/iui,  I 'iiimi    .\t,illiilil, 


liiiuiiil  ISiilhr,  l.i'l.i,  l.ihhiw  .\iinili,  t'iii//i\,-  harks  /•.//<(,  (iiindiii,  /'<\i//,i)i>,  (oliiiiihii ,  Miiiinihi 
luililii .  Oil  (III,  h.lliii  Isnbillit,  lU'i::rio,  i'iil/>iiiiiisii,  Lily  /uimfic,  Aiiloiiin,  Miia::iii  /'Oi  i,  .  Ii/,'I/<Ii,k  /li 
Aliihiiiln,  Sun  I'niiii  isn>.  Mm  it'  I'llusi/itr  ,  .liiilu  Ihi/iiin,  /i(iii\i/o  .llr 
l-iiil'i 


A  lllllil/lii 


islii. 


I 


<  liiiliivii.  I:iiiiiiilil.  I 


M„rsliiill. 


I:. 


h'liiiiiii.    < 'ii/.liill,    .\i  l,,,i  iyjil .    /■  II  ilri  i/,ti    .\liiiii\    Itiiii     //i'/iiii\    l\iiliik,'ii,ih\    /■.i;ii-iii,'iil    (ii\//i 


I'dli'iil:!  :    li.arkeiitilles   /,'\i/i/i    l'i-il:iiis,    ( hiii /.s/ifi,    ('.    /,.    l\iyloi\   .liili/in,  /■'niiiniil,    II  .   II.   Piil  ,  l:iiiiii,i    .  I  iiyii.\lii. 


I  'il  to, 


11  IK' 


l.rri  .S/eirii<.,    I'.    IV.  /., 


schooners 


/ 


Am 


II'.    I..    Iliihi-.   h'l/unlir,   I: 


M.  I:. 


I'mlii.     Seventy  two  cargoes  were  carried,  simie  of  the  vessels  makiiiK  twii  trips.     They  weie  disti  ilmlid  anion); 
llie  liillowiiiK  ports:     \'alparaiso  sixti'eii,  llonolnln    fourteen,  Callao  thirtieii.  Mcllionine  IweKc,  S\iliiey   three. 


li{ini{ui 
■arnurs 


three,  Adelaide  three.  New  Caledonia  two.  Tahiti  one,  Conmel   one,  ,Sliaiinh.i 


isisted  of  .i7,.4,S  |,|'iS  feet  of  Inmliei,  ,^7o,,S'ii   pickets,  2,J.Hs 


uncles.    1 .  I  .'' 


(•Hasinas  01 
t>  l.iths  and  1 


le.      The 
17  spars. 


I'ast 


iissa^es  amonj' the   ,\orlhwesleni   lleet   in    i,S7 


lie   niaili'   \i\  the    I'li/nl  ll'n .i\  C:\\t[.\\\\  Ucviiolils 


in   live  months,   and   the  /</ 


. ;. 


a   record    wincli    is 


still  iiiihroke 


wliicli  cinnpleteil  five  round   trips  between    I'li^et  Sound  and  S.in     h'l.ii 

I'lilhiihiri;  sailing  from  Ilonolnlu  to    Astoria    in  twelve   days,    making 

l'oii\l  (iiiriii,  a  I'li^et  ,Soiinil  Iniilt  vessel.   |ierl'ornied    the   reniarkahle   feat  of  making  eleven  round  trips  lietweeii 

S.iii  I'Vaiieiseo  and  tin   Sound  in   the   following   time:   twenty-six,    thirty  one,   thirty  ime,  eiKhleen,  twent\  seven, 

twenly-einht,  twenty  seven,    twent>  ei^ht.    thirly-twc 


thirl 


y  lour   a 


nd   Iweiilv  lour  das 


ri-sp( 


I'tivels 


Sir 


iided  liy  C.'iplaili  Hums.      Ses 


line 


.Is  III   the   N'orthwesteni   licet  1 


iiaile  llieii   last  poi 


t  th 


Imt 


with    Ihe   exci  liliou    of   the 


//;  r.  r.iib 


ihich 


,;illed    Iron 


1    Port   <'.:inilile,    Alinusl    i2lh,    loi    Aiist 


iievei  lieen  lieaii 


il  sin 


e,  the  loss  of  lile  svas  small.     The   //  .  (  .   I'nik,-  svas  in  coinmand  of  Caplain  Hlaekslc 


]i'i|]iilar  master  known  all  over  the  coast  as  "  HIackie"  '  see  pa^e  I'l,^  1.  The  .\ineric.iii  ship  (  \>iiiiiiihloii\  Capt.  Charles 
ll.isluil,  from  San  loanciseo  for  Seattle,  stramUd  hvo  miles  south  of  Tatoosh  Island  duriiij;  a  stidiiv.  westerly  K'I''' 
.1:11111. us    Hilh.      .\  heavy  sea  svas  rnniiiiiK  :it  the   liiiu-,  ;ind,  svheu  thi'  vessel   struck,  a   |ioition   of  the   rudder   svas 

■fapl.  |aiiu-s  (.'anthill  nl   (Inlil  lU'Mcli,  dr.,  was  liuni  in  S  all.i'la  in  iSiS,  ami  r.iiiie  In  Ilic  I'arilic  Cn.-isl   in  I  -i.-StS  as  male  with 

'      ■<!   inasler  ol   llie  scliuoiii-i  lUtilr  ot  Ihi'  ///s/ainl  ina  If  srvt-ral    trips 
iilli,  svlliili    lie  sailed   virv  |inililal)l\  in    .he  isiasliliK  anil 


Ills  liiMlhii  iin   Ihe  sclliiiiner  l\ll,slin 


Me 


,as  tlieii  a 


mill  h 
ulliilln 
>i«hl  V 


I'l" 


,SlioalwaUT  Hay.     In  I.S()(>  lie  Ijniil   tile  selin 


■U'loil 


loule  till    Iwelve  veals,  tier   lellirils  en  ililin^    llle  usvnels    In  p.n  lieiii.iU-   in   ilivitleinls  .ain'.lilitini.;    In  f  1' 

IS.      Tile  siliiMnier  w.is  Nnallv    Insl   in  1  Insi-l   lla\,  HeiillK  Sea.     S'.i)ilaiii  l"aii^',lu-ll  lliell  1  -ik  ioniltian,! 

svliii'h   he  ran  lo  llie  Sliisiaw  Kisei  iinlil  ahonl    iSSd,  lliis  Iieiii^;  cnie  ot   llie  lilsl  ves'els  in  ti;,ii    it;,-!. 


.1   .III 


sleaniei 


.\l.i 


'  leniailleil    wilh 


llu-  ,l/ii(  1'  I).  Illlllli'  till   live  veals,  anil  then  lell  llei  In  take  llle  I  1,11(1  I.ikI'I  ""  ''  svllalin^  iinise,  allir  rein   li  llj;  fnnil  wllii  11  lie 


111  rliiij^enl'  tile  tn;^  r,lit>iii,  (in  the  Uii;^iie  anil    .Sinilli   overs,  tin  alioill    l\\i 
llU'  Kl.ailatll,  Knulie  ami    1  Innilmlill   livels,  ami  aliunl    Iim-   sears  .1^11  tin  " 
l-ln;,i;ii|. 


*ais.      Me   siil).4ei|neiills'  ran    tile   steaniii    /'///.//r  on 


III   III    the   111 


A'.ii';V- 


.1/.  ssilh  whi.h   111-  is  still 


'■  t'a])l.  Ml  111  s    V,     Ml  nil  I  lei  te  S\as    Inn  11    111   Maine    111    iS.j'i,  ;llli|    em  11  men  ceil    Ins    inal  illllle    lile    as   a    liny  (111    111!     sjllp  .  /vMV  /,/, 


Mill    ot    lt(ISl( 


lie  lell  llle  vessel  ill  Maiseille 


1)1  Siii'lv  Ilddk  svilli   liiiir  liiiii 


Ireil 


returned  on  the  .Aineriean  ship  // '.  .V.  /./ 


which  ss.is  svreekeil  inside 


'nii^rants  (Ml    boanl.     Me  iiexl    made  a  round  Irip   Iroin   Nesv  S'ork    to  San  l-'ianeis 


1111    the 


li.tlk  ^  ..II  Ihiihti,  and  in   iS'is  r.illle  lo  the  fo.,sl  .as  seeond  mate  ol  the  ship  f/l,tli;il.  Ctpt    I    .\.  Klliiules.      .\t  San  I'laneisio  lie  joined 
in   the   liiintiei    trade,  11111,11111;  .IS  mate   loraslioit    tinir.  and  alleiw.inl   seived   in    llie  same  r.ipaiil  son    llie  ship 


till'  Ink   //,! 
Ihl. 


Me  ssas  I  hen  appointed  niasiei  ol  Ihe  liaik  Sfiithiittl,  .and  has  since  lieeii  in  em  nil  ,.11  111  ol  Ihl 


llld 


/V.  I     Hi, 


ehi 


iif/(ji'/i/,  harkenlilles  I  li-i-i^iilltiin  and   iWnlh   //(■«</,  si-liooner  Miii^i^ir  l,>lni\iill,  sailing  llie  lalter  vesstd   ill  tile  .San    l-'ralieisei 


Taint;  liade  lor  tl 


iree  vears 


111  iSSo  C;iplaill  Mondlelle  elllered  Un 


lilt  1        It,  llle  li,irkelllille  //  .  //.  Dillhillit  tii 

nil  I      '■  lininlieil  round  trip-.  Iielwi  en  S.iii  li;iiieis 

lll<   ;     .1  liUeeil  veais. 


;ind 

ceol  J.  Il    Spied. els  \-  I'll  ,  sailing  Ihe  liii.n   /.  /'.  .S/.;/v/v/i 

I  a  hall  years,  and  Iheii  taking  Ihe  sieainship  .  Iii\/i, 1/1,1,  ssilli  svlin  h  he  li.is  111  nh 


y 

lllld  llle  Sutldsvicll  Ishands.       lie    his    In 


milinilollslv  III  the  Plaiid  Hade  li 


II 


ti 


s 


fill 


■(' 


256 


I (^wifi  (f  Pryilcn'n  M:\rlni'  flishiry  of  thf  Pnclfii:  /'Jmifiwi-it 


(Ic'Stroyc'd,  rciKU'rhiK  licr  iiiimriimKi'iil>'i'-    Tlu'  masls  wiTi-  fiit  awiiy  mid  tliicc  iiiioliois  (lt'i>|i|K'<l,  Imi  witlimii  ;iv,ii|, 


fi>r  slu'  (li  iCtfd  iisliiiri-  and  was  poiiiidi'd  to  pieces  in  sliml  older.    The  (  i 

was  I  wen  I  \' -one  yeaisold     Slie  was  in  I  (alias!  at  the  time  and  was  insiiied  Im  ^I'l, 


'i/i/c  was  aliiinl  1 , 


00  Ions  iej;is|i 


I  ami 


The  wicek  was  sold  lu  Mr 


l.aiiils  fill  5l7.v     '1*1"'   Anieiieaii  liaik    l'iniihn'i/[;r  sailed   IVoiM    I'ort    l.udlow,  Jtiiii'    r.'tli,  with 


■arn"  ol  hniiliiT 


for  San  I'Vaiieiseo,    At  11: 


A.   M     the  nest  da\ 


(ilteen  miles  southwest  of  Cape  j'latlerv,  she  en 


'•ounicR-il  11 


slifT  Hide  and  heavy  eross  sea  and  he^an  leakinn  lapidh'.  The  timliers  on  the  lee  side  starte<l,  ami,  ;il;ii  im 
llMsiieeessfnl  allenipt  to  ;^el  the  vessel  hefore  the  wind,  the  erew  lie^jan  jettisoning  the  deek  loail.  U  liili- s., 
en^aned  the  watirlo^ned  craft,  with  a  heavv  Iniili.  tolled  on  her  tieain  ends.      Th 


e  erew  sncceeded  ni 


a  lioat,  and,  with  t 


le   exception 


if  the  (.Miinese 


illlllclllny. 


■ap( 


liiniihi   .tiii;iislit  ami    taki'ii   to   San    iManeisco.     The   (niiilniili; 


'"r--. 


salely  and  wire  picked  up  liy  the  liaikmiii 
ivas  old  ami  tender,  and  with  anything  hm  ;, 
Innilier  ear^o  would  iiiive  proven  :i 
c<dlin  for  her  erew  years  liefoic.  .Sin- 
was  owned  hy  N.  C  Hrook.s,  wlui 
valued  the  ves.sel  at  Js.ihhi  ami  tin- 


'IK' 


il    *.?,- 


T 


lie    Itrilisli 


ship  Shviil/is/i,  7^1;  tons,  Capt.  J,  ,S, 
llaiidley,  lidin  San  I'Vaiicisco  for  lliir- 
laid's  Inlet,  ill  l)all,ist.  was  wivckiil 
No\enil)er  fith  two  miles  west  of  l<;i(i- 


Uocks 


Till 


•il/isli 


liiiin 


droppi 


the  Hay  City,  Oclolier  jotli,  eiiliiid 
the  Straits,  Novemher  .|lli,  and  mi  llu- 
liltll  eiieonntered  calms  and  vaimlik- 
wIikIs,  which  liiiidere<l  her  pio^res'-. 
Shediilled  around  until  j:ihi  ,\.  .m.  mi 
the  si.xtli,  when  she  struck  heavily, 
making  ;i  lai^e  hole  iii.ii  the  stern, 
tliroiiHh  which  the  llli//(•l||ll;l^t 
The  \essel  was  half  lull  of  water  in  a  very  short  time,  hut  remained  liaiininn  on  the  rocks.      .Ml  hiuids 


SI  t  .\.MSliir 


reached  shore  in  safet\'  anil  were  taken  to  V'ii'toria  liy  II.  It.  ,M.  sloop  ofwai  ('/><»/.  The  American  ship  h'imhi(y 
one  of  the  Columliia  River  j.;r.uii  licet,  w.is  lost  off  the  iiiontli  of  the  Colnmliia,  Deceniher  Jijlli.  The  vessel  WM^ 
taken  over  the  bar  at  .S:.^^  .\.  \i.  by  I'ilot   DoIk,  drawing;  twenty  two  feet  of  water,  and  stinck  he 


ivily  III  passing 


out,  lint  was  tlioiiKht  not  to  have  siislaiiieil  serious  dama^;e.      I'ilot  Koi^;  left  her,  and  the  captain  si|iiareil  away 
At    ti):,Vi  the  carpenter   repniled   three   feet  of  water  in  the  hold,  and  at  I  Jiuii  o'cloi 


k  there  were  six  and 


li:ill 


feet  with  all  the  pumps  K"iiiK-  '"he  vessel  was  then  headed  for  the  liar,  hut  at  1:1111  r.  M.  the  wind  died  mil  ai 
the  .Ihnvslicilli  l'ii\ll: .  wdiicli  had  p.issed  out  of  the  river  a  short  distance  liLdiind  the  Xhnhiis,  was  si^jnaled  In  1: 
to.      \\  3:oii  I'.   M.  the  water  had  reached  between  decks,  where  at  7:110  l>   .M.  it  was  twenty  one  iiiclus  deep.     Tl 


lew  took  111  the  boats  and  rowed  to  the  .  Ihi  y\/;,'///i  I'ltsl/r,  which  stood  by  until  iJ.,s.S  A. 


when  the  .W 


took  a  final  pinnae  twenty  five  miles  off  the  moutll  of  the  river.      The  vessel  was  built  at  li.ith,  Me.,  in   isi,.,  anil 
le^jistered  I  ,,vi-'  tons.     She  w.is  valued  at  J'l.s.noci  and  her  wheat  carwo  at  )Ji;j,.p)H.     She  was  in  cominand  ol  (.'apl. 


U.  I,.  Leonard,  with  Charles  Spinner '   and  J.  Wi 


iites.     The  crew  were  taken  to  Astoria  by  the  tiij;  .Ul,niii 


the  next  day.  Neither  the  tbfryshi'ifh  ('ii\llr  nor  the  /'i/^iiiii,  which  crossed  inil  at  the  same  time,  siislaiiml  any 
injury.  The  ship  A'A/;/,  /uii;/i-,  Captain  lhiHh"S,  from  I'lij^el  Sound  for  Callao,  was  wrecked  on  Ivasler  Isliiml. 
I'ebruary  2d,  beeominn  a  total  loss,  but  the  capl;iin  and  crew  were  rescued  and  taken  to  Tahiti.  Capt.iin  Iliinlas, 
who  li;id  been  in  oomtnaiid  ol  the  bark  /uLviii,  lost  on  \'ancoiiver  Island  two  years  before,  had  piirchasiil  tin' 
lUiuk  /<iii;lt  at  a  low  figure  wdieii  she  was  in  distress  at  Iwipiimall  Harbor,  .mil  after  refitting  her  started  mi  tin- 


voyage  wliirli   lermin.iled   so  unfortunately. 


The 


iiier  <)n-ii,iiiiiiii   was  dri\eii  ashore  at  the  CoipiilU-  Kivir, 


January  iiilli,  and  beoiiue  a  total  loss.     The  ship  lln  iiimi,  from  Callao  fur  I'ligel  Soninl,  put  into  San   l-'rainisio, 
Manh  I'llli,  le:ikiiig  badly,  and  w.is  sold  and  broken  up. 

■A  new  factor  in  the  on .111  steamship  business  appe:ireil  on  the  northern  routes  in  1.S7.S.  The  I'linc 
ciiinpelilinii  between  the  ( )regiiii  Sleaiiiship  Company  and  the  Pacific  Coast  Sleanishi])  Company  had  no  souikt 
ended  than  1'.  I).  Cornwall  of  Sail  I-ranciseo  put  the  steaini.'r  diial  Ri-finbtir  on  the  "  'illaiid  route  aiidcanieil 
passengers  and  freight  at  iiiiluard  of  r.iles.  The  (inal  Rf/iiib/u  was  one  of  the  last  of  the  old  style  siilewlu  1  krs 
built  for  the  Pacific  .Mail  Steamship  Company.  She  was  laiiiiihed  at  ( iieeiiport.  Long  Island,  in  November,  1  s66, 
by  Henry  Steers,  for  the  China  tr.ide.  and  was  oper:ited  there  for  a  while,  but  .1  few  years  after  her  ani\.il  sin  was 


lught  i 


II  a  Heavy  g:i 


ilT  the  Chinese  coast  and  roughly  handled.     On  account  of  injuries  received  at  this  nine. 


rind  her  heavy  coal  lonsiimptioii,  she  was  retired   from  this  route  and  sold  to  I',   li.  Ci 


ill  fi 


figure  coin|)are(l  with  her  original  cost.     .Sidewheelers  hail  gone  out  of  date. 


It  was  supi 


or  an  insigni 
used  that  Cm 


lint 


1*1* 


'■  Capl.  Charles  Spinner  was  Imni  in  New  York  City  in  iH.|y,  lienan  sailiiij,'  1111  ileep- water  msmIs  when  a  Imy,  ami  In-'      lai: 
111  llu*  Cdliiinliia  Kivi-r  in  iH7,5,  wlieri'  lie  wiirkeil  for  a  sliorl  time  on  I  lie  In^  .  hloiiii  ami  I  lien  joineil  a  livi  r  tmal.     II 


siTviee  111'  llu-  llre^on  Kaihva>'  \    Navi^^aliiiti  Ciinipanv  lor  inaiiv  \ears.      Mis  last  ' 


111"  whieli  lie  was  inaslur  on  the  Asloria  route,  alter  wliiili  lie  luuk  i-i 


Dieir 


enijiloN'  wa 


111  ol  '.lie  steamer  \ti  H'oHtli', 


III  llu-  ll,ini\l  I 


'! 


P 


(Jnj.ini/iihiin  nl'  I'uuil'n;  (Ut;mt  H.  H.  Cn.,  I  ii.Tw  (Jdiiiprhtidn  mi  Oi.fun  K'diitrn 


-i.S? 


iiilii  li  I'll  till'  sIciMlfl,  i'X|ifiliii^  111  M'ciiic  A  niHiil  ^iilisicly  liii  hiviiif.;  liri  ii|i.  (  In  his  laillllr  lo  iii(cilll|ilisll  his 
|,iii|ii  he  put  hot  III!  the  iiiiilc.  iinil.  drspilc  Ihc  liiw  imU-s,  ciiiiii'il  sik  h  rinwils  Ihiit  crii  Uu'  I'liniiiiiiiis  iiiiiiiiii^ 
(>({»  II  liiih'il  III  I'Diisiiiiit' III!  the  |i|iilits.  Sht'  iiirivccl  mI  I'iiiUmihI  mi  hti  fiist  tup  JiiiU'  ivtll  in  I'liiiiiiiiiiiil  nl 
C.ipl  I  iiiii's  Ciurull,  1  airviiiK  twn  liiimhcd  p:issiii)^cis  ainl  linii  hniiihiil  tuns  ol  lui^;hl,  Ihc  lalts  liiiiij^;  laliiii 
i'i,  ''  ililK''  f-'  '""'  li'in'i'  $>S"  l"i  '"11  ^1"'  ntmiiiil  lu  Siiii  I'lamisi  o  wilh  j  t'l  passtiimTs  at  the  latc  <it 
fi;  mill  JJ.  On  IliT  srcoiiil  trip  imilh,  ciliiii  passa^i-  was  ■§,\,  stcitam-  f,j,  ami  IriMnht  Ji  pti  tun.  She  raiiieii 
l^i;  r;iliiii  passfii>{C'rs  ami  .'i).<  in  Ihc  slfi'tam'.  I''i>i  tin-  lew  liips  lnjlowitin  lur  passcnm'i  list  was  as  IdIIiivvs  : 
third,  i|7caliin,  ay  sti-i-raKi' ;  limrtli,  ,s().'  I'aliin,  .''u  striianc-;  tilth,  .(Mo  cahiii,  njs '>tci'ran<.' ;  sixth,  (S"  I'lliiii, 
i.iii  s  .  iiani'.  ' 'ii  lii'i  clown  trips  she  luoU  lully  as  niiny  as  when  iiuilhwanl  liiiiiinl,  passcnuiis  tiavidinn 
li.ii'k  iinl  loilli  licransc  it  was  ihcaprr  than  Imaiclinv;  aslnni'.  (.'unuv.ill  (■oiitiniicil  lii'i  iiii  llio  khiIc  until  ,\pril, 
i.syij.  wlii'ii  slif  was  wivcki'il  on  S.iml  Isl.iml  whilr  honml  in  wilh  nine  linmlicil  pass(.'M>;i'rs  alH)aril.  'I'hi'  dunl 
Ivfiihlii  was  a  hark  rinHLMl  Vfssi'l  lliri'u  hiincliiil  and  sivintv  iiilii  Icct  lon>;,  lorly  st-voii  k'lt  hi'aiii,  and  thirty  ki'l 
liiilil,  II  nisturinn  .VHXJ  tons.  She  ivas  conslniittd  ol  whili'  oak  and  ihi-slniil  witli  iron  and  coppi'r  fasli'iiinns,  iiiid 
llirif  iliiks,  and  power  was  liinilshi'il  liy  fonr  lioiUrs  and  a  vertical  licain  inline.  She  was  reinctalcd  in  i.Sy.-, 
;iiid  w.is  said  to  he  in  lair  condition  whcji  lost  i  see  wieck  ol  iiiml  /\'</>iih/ii  i.  Despite  her  niannnotli  propoilions 
>lie  vvMs  a  rapid  Ir.iveler  and  on  her  last  trip  oul  Irnni  I'oitland  made  the  run  to  .Asloiia  in  live  iiniiis  and  liltecn 
i.iiniilc^.  .Mr.  Coiiuvall  slill  tnitlier  intcrlered  wilh  the  prulits  ol  the  old  steamship  company  hy  seeming  the 
.M.i'.k;!  mail  conlract,  in  tin  Inllillmeiit  ol  which  he  opii.itcd  the  /./////■  I  \i///,'i ///'n.  iiinninv;  her  iiorlli  Irom 
I'lirllimil,  where  N.  II,  Inj^alls  was  a>;ent  loi  the  two  steamships  I'lior  to  the  (inn/  A'i/)ii/i/ii'\  arrival,  rales 
liitweca  Sail  l''rancisco  and  I'oill.inil  hail  heeii  k  stored  to  the  old  linnres,  fji^Mii  and  'fi\j.s'i.  In  Noveniher  the 
sliaiiishii)  /:'i>//'//i\  C.  II.  lint'er,  captain,  J,  C  llnnler,  lirsl  ollicir,  hejjan  running;  on  the  Victoria  ronle 
III  iippii'itioii  to  the  K'Hnlai  sleaiiiships.  'I'lie  steamship  /I'/iii  /..  Sli/>/i<iis  was  sold  in  San  iManciseo  lo  Sisson, 
WiiUai  I-  iv  Co.,  who  sent  her  lo  Kailnk,  .\laska,  where  she  was  used  as  a  lloatinj"  cannery.  The  new  steamship 
Sliili  '<!  'iilihuiiid.  hiiilt  lor  the  iiorlliern  trade,  was  sccnn'd  on  coiiiplelioii  liy  the  Knssian  (lovernmeiit,  who  paid 
II  liJH  liiiiiiis  over  her  oriKiiiiil  cost.  Wmk  w.is  imineili,ilil\'  lii^;iiii  on  a  duplicate,  wdiii  h  is  now  on  the  I'orlland 
iml  S.iii  iM.iiicisco  route.  'i"he  old  sUaiiiships  (  ii/iJ/Zn/tcit  aui\  r,i/(</ ,/,/,(  weie  sold  in  San  l''raneisco  to  T.  I'.  11. 
Wliilil.iw  and  were  hiokeii  up.  In  ,\Iaicli  Ihe  steamship  /iniw/n  niadi-  the  run  Irom  San  l''iancisco  lo  Victoria  in 
sixty  six  hours  and  U-n  minutes  which  at  thai  peiiod  w.is  the  hcst  mi  icioid.  The  old  steamer  (iii.\sit  7'i//iiir  was 
|iurcliasi'd  in  .Aiiril  liy  iMaiik 
l!.ini:uil  >V  Co.,  who  iclitleil 
iin  liii  llie  Coos  Bay,  Ivinpiic 
Cily  ami  .Marshheld  trade. 
The  A'  A',  '/'Ihiiu/isiiii.  an  ele 
Kiinl  slei  nwheeler,  in  every 
rc.'s|iei  I  llie  eipial  nl  the  W'iilr 
\\'r\l,  was  laiincheil  on  the 
iiiiclille  liver  in  Jniie,  l,S7,s. 
She  iiiiiile  her  trial  trip  Sep 
liinlier  j.sili  in  charHe  ol' 
C,i|it  Cieorne  .\ins\vorlh  and 
liiiKiiiiii  I'eter  He  IlnH',  and 
Hiis  111  mice  jilaced  in  service 
nil  I  lie  middle  river,  Capl, 
Jiiliii  \Ic\nlly  in  eonimaiiil, 
''iiiii  i;i-  k  II  :i  n  ;;  s  ,  pnrsei . 
\lti.i  lum  years  in  this  trade 
she  w,is  lironj-ht  over  I  lu- 
Casr.nhs,  June  ,\,  1SS2,  and 
has  liieii    ill   active   ser\  ice 

iiliMusl  I  iintiiiiioiisly  since  that  time,  running  lor  a  lirii  I  piMioil  011  the  Cascade  route  and  afterward  to  .Vsloria. 
.\ltliiiii'.;li  seventeen  ye  1-  !i  ,\  ■  passed  siiiie  the  /lioiii/isnii  cniiimenceil  opeialiolis,  Iml  lew  taster  and  no  heller 
sli-iiiiii  1^  have  appeared  Sin-  :  capahle  ol  making  rapid  time  with  a  hi^;  i-aiK".  imd  has  passeii^;er  accoinniodation.s 
iiiisurpassed  hy  any  sle;  'in"  in  '  Xmlhwesl.  .Mler  ^oin^  to  llic  lower  ii\'er  she  was  comnianded  for  a  short 
lime  li\  Clark  \V.  Spra^ci-  IC  I  e'oe  and  I,  .\.  Haile\ .  In  i.S.S.s  Capl.  Samuel  Colsoii,  who  had  been  with  her 
a  lull;.;  time  as  male  and  Jill.  I  \'.as  niveii  commanil  and  handled  the  sleamer  nearly  seven  \eais,  Capl.  Willis  (.". 
Siiciw     siieceedinn  him    in    iSi)|       Cicorni    I'".   iMiIUr.  '  who   was  se<dnd  eii^^iiieer  wilh  William   lloran  when   the 

i.'ii]il.  Willis  C.  Sninv  wa-,  Ipuni  in  Maine  in  iS^v  .Alter  lullnwini.'  llie  sea  Im  sevei.il  ve.iis  he  en^.i^eil  in  sliilnliiialiliH  nil 
llie  Ciji  iinliia  UiviT  cm  llie  II  ill,ini,ll,-  CJiirt  \n  |S7<).  lilll  sinie  lli.il  liinc-  Ine,  lucii  alnmst  einillnncMeh  Willi  llie  <  lic-^;oli  KaiUvav  ,V 
Niivini'i,in  (.■cinipanv.  willi  llie  1  \i'e|iliiiii  .<!  almiil  a  vear,  ilnnilK  wlnrli  In  li.nl  c  liai-.i^c-  cil  llie  1  il\  ilreil;;e  He  is  al  presenl  inaslci 
"flhi     '..iiiiei   A',  .V.   'l'/ioiiif>\oii. 

'i.eiii.ne  p.  I'nller,  eii^^ineer,  was  licini  in  Cliieo,  Cat  ,  in  i,S(ii,  ami  eaiiie  to  Oienini  win  11  a  liny,  lie  eciiiiineiieecl  liis  career 
H  I'lrc-i-  111  nil  Willainelle  Kiver  steamers.  KciiiiH  siil)sec|iieiillv  In  llie  iiiiclille  I'nlnniliia,  where  he  ioiiiecj  llie  A".  A',  riiiiiii/isnii  in  iKSi . 
■MlcM  .  ivinn  as  assislani  eiiKiiic'er  Inr  a  few  years  he  was  appuiiileil  eliiel,  a  |iiisitinii  wliieli  he  lias  since-  In-lil.  The  s|.li-iicliil  Hcik 
"I  llii-  I ii.iiiif>\iiH  cluriii;!  the  iiiaiiv  years  in  w-hieh  Mr.  I'nller  has  served  wilh  her  is  a  liinli  eoiiipliineiil  In  his  alalily. 


so    \.MI   CC      '   K,     \i.     rnciMC'SllN  " 


C.Vl-i      SAMI    t   I.    C  1)1  hl.N 


If, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


/y 


^  .*\ 


<° 


1.0 


I.I 


2.2 


2.0 


1.8 


1.25 

U      1.6 

< 

6"     

► 

V] 


/a 


>m 


7 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


4^ 


'^ 


\ 


<:1>^ 


:\ 


\ 


23  Viii  :^  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(7)6)  873-4S03 


%° 


25S 


Lewis  cj  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Stkamkk  ""Joiin  Catks" 


steamer  went  over  tlie  Cascades,  has  been  chief  oiiKineer  for  nearly  ten  years,  having  been  connected  nithhfr 
longer  than  any  other  of  Iter  officers,  witli  the  exception  of  Captain  Colson.     The  A'.  A'.  7'/h>iii/>Mii  is  twd  l.iiiulred 
and  fifteen  feet  Unig,  thirty-eight  feet  beam,  and  nine  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  twenty -eight  by  nimlysix 
inches;  net  tonnage,  nine  hundred  and  twelve.     vShe  was  hauled  out  for  extensive  re|>airs  in  iS.s.s  and  was  stt 
afloat  three  mouths  later  with  practically  a  new  hull.     In  June,  iSija,  she  sank  near  Mt.  Coffin  and  w;i-  raistd 
with  great  difficulty  and  brought  to 
Portliind  for  repairs  (see  1892).     The 
steamer  .V.  G.  A'tr<f,  built  by  the  Ore- 
gon Steam   Xavigaliou  Company  for 
the  lower  river   trade,  was   launched 
at    Portland    in    July,    1S7.S,    making 
her   trial   trip   September   tjth.      The 
following   year   she  was   operated   as 
a  seaside  boat   in   charge  of  Richard 
Hoyt,  captain,  A.  Iv.   Dierdorfi",  chief 
engineer,  W,  (1.   Dillingham,   purser, 
K.  J.  Moody,  first  officer.     Capt.  John 
Wolf  afterward   handled  the  steamer 
on  the  Ca.scade  route,  and  Babbidge, 
Emken,    Pease,    Kindred,    Moody, 
Bailey  and    Sullivan  were   in    charge 
on  the  Astoria  run.    She  was  retired 
from  service  in  1.S94,     The  A'tttf  was 
one  hundred  and  seventy-live  feet  long,  thirty-three  feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold,  with  engines  eighteen  Ijv 
eighty-four  inches. 

The  steamer  /<>//«  (7,i/<-s  was  added  to  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  upper  river  lleit  in  is;>. 
She  was  built  at  Celilo,  and  was  one  hundred  and  fifty-one  feet  long,  thirty-two  feet  beam,  four  feet  eight  iiidiis 
hold,  with  engines  sixteen  by  fifty-four  indies.  W.  P.  Gray  was  her  first  master,  and  he  was  succteikd  liy 
Pingston,  Stump,  Sampson,  Troup  and  others.     In  1.S84  Captain  Trou])  made  a  record  for  the  .steamer  by  lakiiij; 

her  over  Priest,  Rock   Island  and  Cabinet  ra])ids,  the  object  (if  tin- 
trip  l)eing  to  ascertain   if  the  river  was  navigable.     Among  tliusf 
aboard  were  General  Giblmns  and  staff.  II.  .S.  Kowe.  Charles  l.ailil, 
John  Gates  and  C.  A.  Dolph.     The  steamer  was  condemned  several 
years  ago,  and  in  1K94  her  house  was  placed  on  the  hull  built  lur  tlic 
new  steamer  /.fuisloii.     The   Oregon    Steam    Navigation   Company 
built  the  /fanrsi  Qunii  at  Celilo  in  1.S7H  to  run   in  contiecliipn  with 
the   improved  service  on   the   niiiUUe  and   lower  river.     The  Oiinn 
was  the  largest  steamer  on  the  upiier  river,  and,  while  she  was  not 
very  rapid    in   her   movements,   was   as   elegantly  eijuipped   as  the 
steamers   farther  down  stream.     Capt.   James  W.   Troup  was  ^iven 
command    and    ran    the   Oiurii   between   Celilo  and   I.ewiston   niitil 
February,    i.S.Si,  when   she  was   taken   over  Tnmwater   Kapids    fur 
nishing  one  of  the  most  exciting  trips  ever  made  on  the  Colniidiia. 
She   left   Celilo,   I'ebniary  Sth.   in   charge   of  Captain  Troup,  with 
Kugineers  I)e  Huff  and  Pardun.     When  she  struck   the  brink  tin- 
rudders  were   torn  off  and    the  wheel  damaged.     The  next  plnn^;e 
broke  her  starboard   eccentric,   and    in    this    helpless   condition   shi 
collided  with  a  submerged  rock,  tearing  a  hole  in  the  hull  and  lilliiig 
two  comparlnieuts.      Rudderless  and  luiinaiiageable,  she  swimu  Ironi 
thi^:   obstruction    and    shoitly   alterward    encountered    a    reel,  which 
tore  off  the  bow  and  nosing.     The  swift  current  parted  the  ch.iiii  ol 
the  anchor,  which  was  dropped,  but  fortunately  the  keilge  held  litr. 
In  the  meantime  the   engineers  had   partly  repaired  damage 
with  one  engine  working  through  broken  pillow  blocks,  she  was  landed,  am'   lurth.er  teiiiiirs  were  ma 
week  later  she  was  taken  through  the  little  Dalles  and  on  the  eighteenth  thnmgh  the  big  Dalles.     Cap 
McNulty  commanded  the  steamer  im  the  middle  river,  where  she  remained  until   iHcjo,  when    Captain 
piloted   her  safely  over  the  Cascades.     Since  that  time  .she  has  been  engaged  on  the  lower   river,  will; 
ICdward  Sullivan   in  charge  most  of  the  time.     The  //nnrs/  Oncni  is  two  hinidreil   feet  long,  thiriy-se' 
beam,  and  seven  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  twenty  by  ninety-six   inches.     She  was  extensively  : 
in  1890.     While  1.S7.S  was  the  banner  year  of  steamboat  building  in  the  history  of  the  Oregon  Steam  N,i\ 
Company,  a  gieat  many  fine  steamers  were  .set  afloat  by  others.     The  l.nilin,-.  the  fastest  and  finest  sli 


CAI'I.    WII.I.IAM    1'.   (*,K\V 


mill, 

John 
I'loup 
Capt. 
11  k-et 
'.lircil 

.Uioii 
■ler  III' 


es  t.-ij;lit(.cii  In 


Organization  of  Pacific  Coast  S.  S.  Co.,  Fivrcv  Competition  on  Ocvan  Routrs 


259 


her  si  vver  on  the  Colunihia  River,  was  Iniinched  Septeinl)er  ,v>tli  l)y  Jacnh  Kainm,  wlio  had  built  the  first 
stcrnu  '  elcr  in  the  Nortluvest  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  before.  Capt.  James  T.  Gray  '"  took  cliarRe  of  the 
/,«»//«  'inil  handled  iter  on  the  Vancouver  niute  for  the  first  ten  years  of  her  career.  During  the  summer  sen.son 
•ihe  111  lie  one  trip  a  week  in  tlie  seaside  Iraflic,  and  occasionally  towed  ships,  comiJetiuK  with  the  Oregon 
Kailw.i  iS:  Navigation  steamers.  Numerous  ventur.s  of  this  nature, 
in  whi'  h  the  stanch  and  speedy  l.urline  was  enjjaged,  are  said  to  have 
cost  till  Oregon  Railway  iS:  Navigation  Company  over  half  a  million 
dollar^  In  iSSy  that  company  leased  lier,  and,  in  command  of  Cap- 
tain I'lll-liury.  she  w;"s  ojierated  on  the  Cascade  route  until  i.Si)2,  when 
Kainni  ;ij;ain  commenced  regular  trips  to  Astoria.  Captains  Charles 
T,  Kaiiiin,  '  Ivxon,  Dniieck,  Gray  and  others  liave  had  charge  of  her, 
mil  >Ih-  is  still  making  a  round  trip  a  day  between  Astoria  and  I'ort- 
laiiil.  The  l.uiline  is  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  feet  long,  thirty 
lett  siMii  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines 
eigliteiii  by  .seventy-two  inches.  The  steamer  Cily  of  Oiihiiv  was 
lainiclKil  at  Portland  in  iSj.S  lor  the  Lewis  River  trade,  making  her 
trial  trii>  November  \2\\\.  She  was  built  by  Kuchanan  Hrothers.  and 
the  following  ycr.r  went  on  the  Dayton  route  in  connnand  of  Capt. 
I.  1).  S.iiiborn,  with  R  chard  Oakley,  purser.  Capt.  \V.  S.  Huchanan 
took  cliarge  of  her  in  issci  and  remained  with  her  until  June.  i.S,sj, 
whun  slic  was  sold  to  I'uget  Sound  parties  for  the  .Skagit  River  traffic. 
IKt  first  master  on  the  Sound  was  Daniel  lielison,  who  was  succeeded 
In- Captains  Deiniy,  Hailey,  Gatter,  .Sinclair,  I'arker  and  others. 
.\ni()iii;  her  engineers  .vere  Charles  H.  Grinwald  and  I.J.  Iloinan.  ' 
The  Oiiiiiii  was  one  hundred  and  ten  feel  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam, 
:iii(l  lour  leet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  Isvelve  by  forty-eight  inches.  The  steamer  7'iiivtlt  r  w;is  constructed 
ill  i.S;^  li\    Capt.    Kouis  I.ove  lor  the  I'"'nl  business  between   Portland  and   Rooster  Rock.     She  was  launched 


CAl'I.  ClIAlil.l-.S   T.    K.XMM 


Capt.  Jitim's  T   f.ray,  tlu'  yomi^^t'st  of  a  r|ii:irli-t 
mariiR*  !iiisiiii-s>  fiir  (iver  l\\t'nt\-  \t'ars,  am!  is  In'sl  kiH)\\n  tliroii^^li   liis  work  on  im-  i.nm 
■■iKirl  iiiurvals,  siiuf  lur  lauiuliiiij;.     Ill'  ran  lii-r  lirst  on  tlif  \'aiiniiiver  ronli',  anil  also  li.i 
:r.vli-,    c'.iiitHin  Cr.'iy's  aliilily  as  a  stratnlioatnian  is  uiii|iH'slioiif(l         '    '     "' '  ^' 


lib  arn\ 
\fn-r  K- 

ilu'S 

iKo  i-ii. 

••U-iliarl 

ni'Ut  ■!.. 

-llfSIIII.. 

•In-  I'a,  • 
1  raiui- 
''i'i;«ll  ! 
■  i-iir.  ,11 
inoutli- 
1  year, 
Kivcr  I 


iT  wi'll  known  Nortlnvestt-rn  sifainlioatnu-n.  lias  lii't'ii  fii).;aj,;tMl  in  the 
tlif /.//*//'/#',  wliifli  he  lias  (-oninianiU'it,  o\ci.]>t  at 
:nl  also  IiiiiidU'il  ht-r  a>  a  towlioat  ami  in  ilie  sraside 

1.  ill  tile  iiiaiiy  lianl  transportation  iMttles  i>arli(-ipate(l  in  l>\- 
tlie  l.iiiltiif.  his  tireless  eiU'r),'y  ami  skill 
have  played  a  niost  important  part. 

't.";ipt.  Chark-s '1*.  K.-tmiii  is  the  oiilv 
soii  of  portlaml's  millionaire  steainlxja't 
owner,  jaroli  Kainni.  has  literally  >;rown  np 
with  the  Imsiiiess,  ami  has  jit  diirerent  times 
roiiimamleil  all  ol  the  sleaniers  uwneil  liy 
the  diirt-rt'iit  transportation  companies  of 
whii'li  his  father  was  the  leading  spirit, 
lie  has  hien  master  of  the  OiYtiii  II  iirr,  on 
the  llwaio  ronti .  sinei-  lur  eonslnution. 
and  for  tin-  past  live  years  Ims  Kei-ii  snper- 

-'  —  -         inlemlent  of  the  X'anconvfr  'rransportation 

t.'oinpany  and  the  Lewis  Kivrr  Transpor- 
tation Company,  lieside  lookiii).;  after  the 
I'ortlaml  luisiness  of  the  I!w.no  Railway  >S: 
Navijjation  y'oinpany.  The  fact  that  he  is 
a  inilliomiires  son  has  never  alleited  Cap- 
tain Kanini.  and  no  nian  eniploved  on  the 
steamers  of  the  comjiain  is  ;i  harder  worker 
or  iierfornis  his  clutics  more  thoron^hU-. 

'•Capt.  Henry  Hailey  oi  llallard. 
Wash.,  is  a  native  of  Whidliy  Island,  nml 
lie^;an  stcainhoaliiiK  on  the  /.  /.'  /.;A/'iiii 
1S7S.  Since  thai  time  he  li.is  hcen  con- 
nected with  nearly  all  of  the  steamers  on 
l'ii);et  Sound.  Me  was  last  in  idinnianil  of 
the  steamer  S/ii/r  of  l\\i\liin^toii. 
ami  came  to  Pnyet  Sonmi  in  iS7i,  his  first  work  after 


v'liarli-s  H.  ( ;rinwa!il,  engineer,  w.e   Imrn  in  Massachusetts  in    iSs;   ^.,  , 

il  lieiiu;  on  the  tii|4  iiivinitc.     Me  wciil  from  her  to  the  ('irw.  \i',ilkei.  and  sulisei|Ueiitly  to  the  )\ikiiii,i,  i.olnth  and  /'.(mi 
I'  inj;  ihe  />,ii\\  he  went  lo  Portland  and  was  enijineer  for  a  shml  time  on  the  Xancouver  ferrv  l:  In.     lie  then  rcUirned  to 

I  and  r. in  on  the  ste.imers  ^  We  <'/*^  *///»/,  r  .and  //  A'.  .Wt-i:cin.  teiiiainin^  on  the  I'oriner  thiee  .uid  one  half  years,  and  w.as 
:  med  on  tile  steamers  ll'i//ir.  .M.ilvl .  .May  Oiiirii.  1  \ii  ii,/,\.  .Mofilr  1  'ii^ln.  ri.>f<i,i  and  Hiiny  /luil,  1,  servini;  on  the  latter 
until  she  sank  in  l'el»rnar\\  iSql.  lie  was  on  the  /utrt'ii/r  when  she  fonndered  at  I'urt  l.ndlow,  on  the  /*tii\\'  when  she 
'  11  at  Vcslir's  «h,irf  at  Seattle,  on  the  ( '//i  ii/  (Jiiiiii  v.  sunk  near   Mt.  Xcrnon  with  a  f  io.ikki  caryo,  ,'inil  on  the  .t/,/A,7  when 

id  a  sinnl.u    mishap  in  llinutioliU  Slouch,     lie  was  ;ilso  a  passenger  on  the  shiji  /'i/r/i/ //,!,/, /A  1    when  she  was  wiecki-d 

1  "  


ii 


26o 


Lewis  cj  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


June  i6th  and  commenced  running  in  command  of  her  owner,  with  Joseph  Burgy,"  mate,  and  Fred  II.  Love, 
engineer.  She  was  sold  in  1881  to  I,.  D.  Brown,  who  ran  her  a  few  months  and  then  turned  her  over  to  John 
Crouch,  who  o|>erated  her  very  profitably  while  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  were  buiUlitig  the 
road  l)etween  Portland  and  the  Cascades.  Jacob  Dubeck  next  purchased  the  steamer,  and  Capt.  L.  A,  Bailey 
became  master.     In  1882  she  was  disposed  of  to  the  Buchanans,  who  operated  her  until  1889,  when  she  was 

bought  by  David  Upton  of  Gray's  River,  who  rebuilt  and  renamed 
her  Ci/j'  of  Frankfort,  in  honor  of  the  boom  town  at  the  mouth  of 
the  stream.  Upton  initiated  opposition  with  her  on  the  Astoria 
route,  and  she  was  subsequently  bought  in  by  the  Colunihi,!  River 
&  Puget  Sound  Navigation  Company  and  finally  sold  to  Captain  Day. 
She  is  now  in  use  as  a  towboat.  Her  dimensions  are :  letij^tli,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-four  feet ;  beam,  twenty-two  feet ;  depth  of  hold, 
four  feet  six  inches. 

Capt.  S.  S.  Douglass,  the  pioneer  ferryman  of  Portland,  built 
the  sidewheel  steamer  W'estport,  which  received  her  name  from  the 
town  where  she  was  constructed.  She  was  one  hundred  and  eighteen 
feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  six  inches  hold,  with 
geared  engines  ten  by  sixteen  inches,  which  were  handled  from  the 
pilot-house,  the  captain  having  full  control  while  making  a  landing. 
She  made  a  few  trips  on  the  seaside  route,  and  was  subsequently 
operated  as  a  general  jobbing  boat,  making  a  specialty  of  carrying 
parties  of  sp>ortsmen  from  Portland  to  the  shooting-grounds  on  the 
lower  river  during  the  hunting  season.  She  was  burned  at  Westport 
in  December,  1886.  The  steamer  Toledo,  built  at  Portland  in  1878  for 
the  Cowlitz  River  trade,  was  owned  and  operated  by  Joseph  Kellogg. 
Captains  Orrin  and  Charles  H.  Kellogg"  were  in  command  for  ten 
years,  and  in  1891  she  was  sold  to  the  Woodland  Navigation  Com- 
pany, who  put  her  in  the  Lewis  River  traffic  in  charge  of  Capt.  W.  A. 
Davis.  She  was  afterward  di.spo.sed  of  and  went  on  the  Yamhill  route  in  charge  of  Captains  Exon  and  (ieer. 
The  Toledo  was  one  hundred  and  nine  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  hold,  with  engines  ten  by 
forty-eight  inches.  The  Lewis  &  Lake  River  Transportation  Company,  composed  principally  of  fanners  living 
along  those  streams,  built  the  steamer  Latona  .it  Portland  in  1878.  W.  G.  Weir  was  master  until  1882,  when 
John  H.  Bon.ser''  took  charge.  She  left  the  Lewis  River  in  1886  and  was  put  on  the  Oregon  City  route  by 
the  Grahams,  Capt.  A.  B.  Graham  commanding  until  1891,  when  .she  was  con- 
demned and  replaced  by  the  Altona.  The  Latona  was  a  sternwheeler,  ninety  feet 
long,  eighteen  feet  beam,  and  three  feet  six  inches  hold.  Other  additions  to  the 
Columbia  and  Willamette  fleet  were  the  Luckiamute  Chief,  built  at  Portland, 
Carrie  Norton  at  Canemah,  the  Saranac  at  Waterford,  and  the  steamer  John 
Nation,  which  came  from  Puget  .Sound  to  Kalama  by  rail.  The  ,!/«(/  Hen  was 
the  very  appropriate  name  given  a  small  sternwheeler  built  by  the  Dunhams 
on  the  Coquille  River  and  used  on  Heaver  Slough,  a  tributary  of  that  stream. 
T  e  Mud  Hen  was  thirty-two  feet  long  and  six  feet  l)eam,  a  few  inches  narrower 
than  the  stream,  and  her  route  extended  from  the  river  to  Toledo,  a  distance  of 
five  miles,  the  shrublx'ry  on  both  sides  of  the  stream  fonning  a  complete  arch 
the  greater  part  of  the  distance.  ICvery  night  the  beavers  would  build  numerous 
dams  across  the  diminutive  marine  highway,  and  Capta"i  Dunham  and  his 
nephew,  Roliert  J.  Dunliani  (at  present  master  of  the  steam  coaster  Alice 
lilanchard ),  would  wade  out  in  their  gum  boots  to  remove  the  obstructions. 
"  What  you  need  are  locks  instead  of  dams,"  suggested  a  pa.ssenger  on  a  tri]) 
when  the  tide  had  ebbed  and  left  a  very  light  depth  of  water  in  the  slough. 


CilAKLKH   H.   GKINWALIl 


Cai'T.  Mknbv  Rati. I 


"Don't  mention  it,"  retorted 


"'Capt.  Josepli  Burgy  coinnieiiceil  steainhoatiiiK  on  the  ColiitiMiin  River  about  twenty  years  ago.  He  was  mate  ami  niislerol 
the  uteamer  Wnshinglitn  from  the  lime  she  was  l)uiU  until  she  went  to  the  Sound.  He  afterward  look  command  of  the  <  'illiope. 
which  he  handled  on  the  I'orlland  and  Cascade  route  until  llie  new  Miillnomah  was  built.  While  engaged  on  the  latlcr  su-  iiiicr  lie 
was  severely  injured  by  a  blow  from  a  fender,  which  incapacitatefl  him  for  work  for  several  montlis.  On  his  return  to  tlif  nvcr  lie 
served  as  mate  and  inaKter  of  the  lone  with  Capt.  Wtlliani  Buchanan,  and  for  the  past  four  years  has  Imd  command  of  tlic  /  'ndvic. 
running  to  Vancouver. 

"Capt.  Charles  H.  Kellogg  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1846,  coming  to  Oregon  with  the  family.  He  began  steamboali'  .  nmler 
Raughman  on  the  Srnalnr.  which  he  soon  afterward  coniniamled.  retaining  his  position  until  the  People's  Transportation  1.  •  iinpaiiy 
sob)  out  He  piloted  the  first  steamer  through  the  locks  after  their  completion,  ami  when  the  Willamette  Transportation  c .  nipanr 
came  into  existence  became  captain  of  the  (Jm'ernor  drover.  He  sul>se<|uently  handled  various  boats  for  the  Orcj;""  Steani 
Navigation  Company,  and  was  a  stockholder  in  the  Joseph  Kellogg  Transportation  Company.  He  was  in  charge  of  tli'  Josipii 
Ki'llogj;  until  his  death,  which  occurreil  August  7,  1S89. 

"  Capt.  John  H.  Bonser  was  liorn  in  Washington  Territory  in  1S55,  and  steaniboateil  on  the  Lewis  River  on  the  l.alon  ■  in  187S. 
He  ran  on  tliis  route  for  nearly  ten  years,  commanding  several  different  steamers.  Kor  the  past  three  years  he  has  been  in  iargr  of 
the  Uiitlsou's  Bay  Company's  steamer  Citledoiiia  on  the  .Skeeiia  River,  where  he  has  made  a  good  record  as  a  swift-water  1    vij;ator 


Organization  of  Pacific  Coast  S,  S.  Co.,  Fierce  Competition  on  Ocean  Routes 


261 


Lord  r.ennett,  who  was  a  frequent  traveler  on  the  line;  "there  are  locks  of  my  hair  on  every  crab-apple  tree 
betwetii  the  Coquille  and  Toledo."  The  A/ud  Hen  was  not  a  thing  of  beauty,  but  she  cleared  her  owners  an 
avera);f  of  fifteen  dollars  per  day  and  was  a  great  convenience  to  the  residents  in  that  locality. 

After  an  absence  of  nearly  seven  years,  during  which  she  had  received  over  fifty  thousand  dollars  in 
sub.sidies,  the  handsome  sidewheeler  Olympia  returned  to  Puget  Sound  in  command  of  Captain  Stothard.  She 
arrived  at  Victoria,  July  9th,  and,  after  making  a  few  trips  in  that  section,  ran  for  a  short  time  between  Portland 
and  Sound  points,  and  subsequently,  in  September,  made  several  trips  to  Alaska.  George  S.  Wright,  her  owner, 
accompanied  her  north,  but,  failing  to  find  so  remunerative  a  business  as  the  Olympia  had  enjoyed  in  her  early 
career,  he  sold  her  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  $75,cxx).  Her  new  proprietors 
put  her  under  the  British  flag,  and,  in  command  of  Captain  I<ewis,  she  commenced 
running  between  Victoria  and  New  Westminster  in  opposition  to  the  Wilson  G. 
Hunt,  which  Capt.  John  Irving  and  A.  S.  Bates  purchased  in  San  Franci.sco  in 
February  and  started  on  the  rojte  in  April.  The  presence  of  two  such  fine 
steamers  operating  at  low  rates  was  an  incentive  to  travel  of  which  the  public 
promptly  availed  itself.  The  steamer  Sir  James  Douglas,  for  many  years  a  standby 
for  both  the  Government  and  the  people  of  British  Columbia,  was  put  on  the  Puget 
Sound  mail  route  in  July.  P.  D.  Moore,  the  mail  contractor,  having  failed  and 
deprived  the  Victorians  of  postal  facilities.  Captain  Starr  refu.sed  to  assist  them 
until  the  Government  acceded  to  his  terms,  and,  when  a  new  contract  was  entered 
into,  the  Douglas  was  relieved  by  the  Isabel.  The  hand-sotne  little  steamer  Woodside 
was  built  at  Sooke  in  1878.  She  was  eighty  feet  long,  fifteen  feet  beam,  and  six 
feet  hold,  and  performed  excellent  service  for  many  years  between  Victoria  and 
Sooke,  beside  towing  and  jobbing  at  Victoria.  She  was  owned  and  commanded  for 
a  long  time  by  Captain  Trenchard,  with  Michael  Hare,"  engineer,  but  was  wrecked 
March  12,  1888.  The  Iris,  a  small  propeller  of  about  twenty  tons  burden,  was  built  at  Victoria  in  1878  for 
the  Northwest  Commercial  Company,  making  her  trial  trip  May  3d.  A  sternwheel  steamer,  the  Spallamaclieen, 
eighty-three  feet  long,  »  •^nteen  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  was  launched  on  Kamloops  Lake,  July  3d,  for 
the  Kamloops  Steam  Navigation  Company.  She  was  built  by  A.  Watson  of  X'ictoria  for  the  Spallamacheen 
River  trade,  and  was  equipped  with  a  threshing-machine  engine,  which  was  very  noisy.  It  was  owing  to  this 
fact,  and  probably,  also,  to  a  disinclination  to  attempt  the  pronunciation  of  her  name  in  full,  that  the  residents 
along  the  lake  and  river  called  her  the  Noisy  Peggy.  Dease  Lake, 
in  the  Cassiar  country,  witnessed  the  advent  of  the  .steamer  Lady 
i'f  tin-  Lake,  launched  in  June  by  Capt.  John  McKen/.ie.  She  was 
sixty  feet  long,  thirteen  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold.  The  steatD^T 
Josephine ,  a  stern  wheeler  of  about  eighty  tons  burden,  was  set  afloat 
at  .Seattle  in  1878,  and  a  week  later  the  (iem  was  launched  from 
an  adjoining  yard.  By  a  singular  coincidence,  both  steamers  met 
their  fate  five  years  later  at  nearly  the  same  time.  The  Gem  was 
built  for  Captain  George  W.  Gove, ''  who  used  her  mostly  for  towing. 
She  was  destroyed  by  fire  off"  Appletree  Cove,  February  7,  18S3, 
and  five  people  lost  their  lives  (see  wreck  of  steamer  Gem,  1883). 
The  /osifiliiHe  wan  constructed  for  the  .Skagit  River  trade  by  J.  W. 
.Smith  at  Lake's  yard.  North  Seattle.  Before  she  was  completed, 
J.  J.  Moss,  who  owned  a  half  interest  in  the  old  steamer  ll'eiia/, 
purchased  a  similar  share  in  the  new  boat  and  transferred  to  her 
the  engines  and  boilers  of  the    W'enal.      After  a  short  time  Capt. 


Cai'T.  J.  V.  Dunham 


Cai't.  Ckuriik  \V.  Oovk 


"  Michael  Hare,  etiKineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1847.  He  sailed  fnr  a 
few  years  on  tlie  Atlantic  Coast,  and  ill  iS6S  came  around  from  New  York 
iliruuKli  ihe  .Straits  of  Ma);ellan  as  .seconil  Miale  on  tile  siliooiier  .Sir  U'allii 
KiiUif;h.  He  then  joined  the  steamship  Ailiiv  as  (|uarterniaster,  aflerwanl 
niimiiij;  on  Uic  Ciissie  Tel/air  about  a  year,  and  eighteen  months  on  the  l.iltle 
iali/oiiiiti.  He  was  secontf  engineer  on  the  tun  /'Hot  three  years,  and  chief  on 
the  W'lhhliijf  four  years  and  the  /foheil  i)iinsmuit  Ivio  years.  In  1S87  he  built 
llie  sluaincr  liiiiiger  and  served  as  master  of  her  for  a  time,  but  in  the  fall  of 
1S9J  liti  iiiuchinery  was  removed  and  placed  in  the  fl/ary  llare,  Mr.  Ilare  is 
also  the  ciwner  of  three  barKes. 

'Cnpt.  (leorge  \V.  (^>ove  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S3S,  and,  after  sailinK  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  to  various  parts  of  the  world 
fiiraljiHii  Itteiitv  years,  reached  San  Francisco  as  mate  on  lie  ship  Samosel,  remaining  with  her  in  the  ooastiiiK  trade  for  seven 
years,  ,l'.irinj»  six  of  which  he  was  master.  lie  snhsecpieiitly  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  Sacraiiieiilo  Kix'er  ami  then  went  to  the 
Scmiiil.  where  he  secureil  the  "teainer  Cclilo  in  1874,  operating  her  a  short  time  anil  then  purchasiiin  the  lUiuk  Diamond  from  the 
Tacoin.i  Mill  Company.  He  handled  the  latter  steamer  in  the  jobhiiiK  traile  for  about  a  year  ami  then  built  the  steamer  f/cm, 
"hicli  lie  ran  four  years  on  While  River  and  other  local  routes.  After  the  (uiii  was  destroved  by  lire  he  ciuistructed  the  steamer 
''//'(/(■.  w'licli  he  put  in  the  Skagit  River  trade.  .After  a  year  in  coiiimaiid  he  retired  and  five  years  later  sohl  the  steamer.  In  the 
miaiitiiiir  he  constructed  the  steamer  Cascades,  which  he  operated  on  the  Snohomish  and  Siioi|ualiiiie  rivers  for  three  seasons, 
lie  alsc.  iinstructed  the  steamers  May  Queen  and  CI  aner.  In  1SN9  he  disposed  of  his  interests  in  the  li/ide,  Casrades,  May  Queen 
anil  (,l,  jii,-r,  and  took  charge  of  the  Snoqualmie  Hop  Ranch,  the  largest  in  the  world. 


il 


U 


1.  ;<■ 


i 


1'^ 


1   -111 


:  n\< 


if:? 


262 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Noriliwest 


W.  K.  Mcrwin'"  purchased  the  interest  held  by  Moss,  and  Smith  sold  his  share  to  C.  P.  Farrer.  Merwin 
subsequently  purchased  the  other  holdings  and  operated  the  steamer  until  Novenil)er,  1881,  when  he  disposed 
of  her  to  J.  B.  Ball,  Newton  Hartman"  and  Fritz  Dibton  fcr  $7,o<».  Her  boiler  exploded  January  d,  iHtiy, 
killing  eight  iieople.     The  hull  was  comparatively  uninjured  and  was  repaired  in  March  and  purchased  t>y  Moraii 

Brothers.  They  in  turn  disposed  of  her  to  1).  K.  Howard  of  .Suakck, 
who  put  the  steaniei  on  the  Snohomi.sh  route  in  charge  of  N.  I,.  Rogers, 
In  1891  she  was  purchased  by  M.  I,.  Lewis  to  run  between  Olympia 
and  Shelton  (see  wreck  of  steamer  Josephine). 

The  Old  Settler  was  the  name  of  a  cheaply  constructed  sluamiT 
built  at  Olympia  in  1878.  Her  owners  l)ecanic  involved  in  legal 
difficulties,  and  .she  soon  pa.s.sed  into  the  hands  of  Struvc.  Haines  & 
IvCary,  a  firm  of  Seattle  attorneys,  who  dispose-!  of  her  to  Cai)t.  ,S.  I', 
Randolph.  She  ran  as  a  towboat  for  a  short  time,  and  the  machinery 
was  then  removed  and  .sold  to  a  Seattle  printer.  The  hull  drifted  under 
the  wharves  at  Seattle,  and  sank.  Other  additions  to  the  steam  lleet  011 
I'uget  Sound  were  the  Uruiiette,  a  small  jiropeller  which  came  from 
San  Francisco,  and  tlie  Lady  W'ashiiii^toii,  brought  down  from  Black 
River  to  the  Sound  by  the  Seattle  Coal  Company.  The  James  Mortie 
was  also  taken  from  Lake  Washington,  and,  after  l)eing  repaired. 
commenced  running  on  Hood's  Canal.  The  tug  Donald,  after  a  .short 
stay  on  the  Sound,  returned  to  San  Francisco  in  July.  The  lighthouse 
tender  Shubriek  was  in  charge  of  Captain  Kort/  and  Chief  ICngineer 
Cookson'-'  this  year.  At  Port  Ludlow  the  following  vessels  were  built 
in  1878:  barkentine  tVi/Z/c/-//;*- .V«i/(/c«.  405  tons  ;  Hawaiian  .schooners 
IKa/>//«,  sixty  tons,  l.iholulio,  122  tons,  and  I.uka,  122  tons;  ami  the 
schooner  Peerless,  232  tons,  was  launched  at  Coos  Bay.  Other  marine  craft  constructed  on  the  Sound,  in  addition 
to  tho.se  previously  mentioned,  were  the  small  steamer  f/yaek  and  scow  schooners  /.ake,  .Irk,  Seliuabaclur, 
Maggie,  and  the  bark  Parid  lloadley,  rebuilt  at  Port  Gamble.     The  ship  Majestic,  Capt.  John  A.  Hatfield,"  was 


CATT.    NKWTON    llAKTMAN 


'"Capt.  W.  K.  Merwiii  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1853.  and  moved  to  I'uget  Sound  in  1S7S.  liis  firat  work  being  on  llie  steamer 
lilla  //'Ai'/c  with  Captain  Smith.  After  a  short  time  he  went  to  the  steanit-r  I'lianlom,  remaining  two  years.  He  was  afterward 
em|>lo.ve<l  on  sailing  ves.sels  lietwcen  the  Soun<l  and  San  I'rancisco,  ami  then 
purchased  a  one-half  interest  in  the  steamer  Josepliine  from  J.  J.  Moss,  running 
with  her  as  engineer  for  a  short  time.  Later  he  HC(|uirrd  the  remaining  interest 
in  the  steamer  and  took  connnand.  He  operated  her  for  several  years,  and 
sul>se(|uently  constructed  the  .steamer  //'.  A.  Merwin,  which  he  ran  for  three 
years  and  then  sold  to  the  Washington  Transportation  Comi>any.  His  next 
steamer  was  the  .  //  AV  of  I'tsalady,  which  he  left  to  IniiUl  the  /;".  W.  I'linlv, 
which  he  operated  on  various  routes  out  of  Seattle  a'>out  four  years  until  she  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  Captain  Merwiu  then  relireil  from  the  water  anil  has  not 
engaged  in  steamhoating  siuce. 

"Capt.  Newton  Ilarlnian  was  born  in  California  in  1.S54,  went  to  Paget 
.Sounil  a  few  years  later,  and  in  Novenilwr,  iSMi,  l>ecame  interested  in  the  steamer 
Josephine  with  J.  II,  Ball  and  I'ritz  Dibbou.  After  the  loss  of  l\\e  Joscp/iine  he 
was  engaged  in  a  number  of  other  steamlmat  ventures,  and  has  recently  been 
connecicd  with  the  CViin  Afualonalil.  He  was  on  the  L'i/y  0/ Staiiuvoit,  inirned 
January  10,  1S94,  near  I'ort  Susan.  Before  going  into  the  steamboat  business, 
Captain  Ilartmau  had  navigate<l  all  portions  of  the  Sound  with  canoes  and  small 
sailing  vessels. 

"Krank  Cookson,  engineer,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1S44.  and  in  1.S61 
joined  the  steamer  Oiartes  A.  Tliomns,  in  the  transport  service  out  of  New  York, 
as  third  assistant  engineer,  his  apprenticeship  having  l>een  completed  at  the  Krie 
Kailronil  shops  ami  the  Delamater  wrrks  in  New  York.  After  remaining  in  this 
service  a  short  time  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Novelty  Iron  Works,  ami  while 
there  worked  on  the  steamship  Montana,  then  under  construction.  I'a  iS69he 
made  the  overland  trip  to  San  I-'raucisco,  and  shortly  after  his  arrival  joined  the 
steamship  Onjtamme  as  second  assistant  and  was  soon  aflerwanl  ])romoted  to  first 
assistant  and  chief,  and  while  on  Ilolladay's  payroll  occupied  one  of  these  posi- 
tions on  the  Ajax,  I'elican,  liialio  ami  Ori:aha,  <|uilting  the  first  mentioned  to 
enter  the  lighthouse  service,  where  he  renudneil  four  years  as  chief  engineer  of 
the  Sliubriik.  leaving  her  to  accept  a  position  on  the  lireboat  (ioveinor  Itivin. 
Kighteen  months  later  he  resigned  to  become  chief  on  the  Cily  0/ ( lieslii;  and 
remained  with  the  latter  for  nine  years  on  the  Alaska,  Paget  .Sound.  Ilumlioldt 
and  other  routes  out  of  San  I'rancisco.  When  the  ( heaiiit  ended  the  career  of 
the  Cluster.  Mr.  Cookson  joined  the  iiiolio  and  was  with  her  as  chief  engineer 
until  she  was  wreckeil  on  Race  Kocks.  He  subse(|uently  returned  to  San  Trail 
Cisco,  and  almut  a  year  ago  joineil  the  steamer  l'ro,i;reso,  running  to  I'ananm. 

'■■'Capt.  John  A.  Hatfield  of  Seattle  was  born  ill  London  in  1849,  ami  when  a  lad  of  fifteen  left  Liverpool  asdeckbi'v  on  tile 
ship  Khlfi/islier,  Imund  for  Hongkong,  and  from  there  came  across  to  ,San  l-'ranoisco  ami  llieuee  to  Honolulu,  where  the  sln|    liiaileil 
for  Liverpool,     from  Liverjiool  young  Hatfield  went  to  Boston  with  the  A'ini;fi.\/ier.  where  she  was  sold,  ami  he  sliiupcil 
mate  on  the  ship  Majestie.  which  saileil  from  Philadelphia  to  South  American  ports  in  1S69.     He  remained  with  the  .)/ii/('.('  ' 
years,  sailing  all  over  the  worlil  ami  rising  from  the  position  of  third  mate  to  that  of  master  and  part  owner  of  the  vis- 
January  16,  1S7S,  he  arrived  at  San  I'rancisco  with  the  Jl/n/es/ie  direct  from  Boston  and  placed  her  in  the  coasting  traile.  »' 
has  since  sailed  with  almost  clock-like  regularity.     After  reaching  lhi8con.st  Captain  Hatfield  operated  the  Majestii  until  i^ 
he  soUl  his  interest  in  the  ship  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  with  W.  K.  Ballard,  at  the  same  time  purchasiii 
interest  in  the  steamer  Hepltyr,  which  Captain  Hatfield  occasionally  commanded.     The  partnership  with  Ballard  coiitiin 


John  A,  (IatfikM) 


tliinl 
eleven 
1,  On 
re  silt 
,  when 
I  tliiril 
1  until 


Organization  of  Pacific  Coast  S.  S.  Co. ,  Fiurce  Competition  on  Ocean  Routes 


R.  ^i 


''■(: 


CAl'T.  (iKORni-:  \V.  WiM)ii 


enrolKil  among  the  coasting  vessels.  The  Paget  Sound  luml)er  fleet  was  larger  and  the  Colunil)ia  River  grain 
fleet  smaller  than  in  1877.  Among  the  vessels  in  the  former  was  the  ship  Ihvwii  Ihvlhi-rs,  which  arrived  at 
Hostciii  with  the  first  cargo  of  ship  spars  and  deck  planking  from  the  Pacific  Coast.  Forty-nine  vessels,  including 
tweiitv  four  Itritisb  ships  and  eighteen  barks,  four  American  ships  and  two  barks,  and  one  French  bark,  comprised 

the  Columbia  River  grain  fleet.     The  smallest  vessel  was  the  French 

j^;  -—SO!- ^— —        .  |)nrk  IWsidcnt  Thiers,  ,vji    tons,  the  largest  the   Hriti.sh   ship  Cafie 

*  lireloit,  1,504  tons,  which  carried  a  cargo  of  2,;,4,v>  barrels  of  flour, 

valued  at  |!io8,aoo.  Twenty-seven  of  the  vessels  were  over  1,000 
tons  register,  fifteen  over  i,,ioo  tons,  and  six  over  1,41)0  tons.  Among 
them  were  the  F.dith  I.onif,  /.iipalia,  W. //,  Hissi-  and  Shatliblatie, 
ill  after  years  wrecked  near  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  Sliip|)ers  in 
1.S78  were:  Ro<lgers,  Meyer  &  Co.  eight  cargoes,  George  M.  Ilowen 
seven,  Allen  &  I.*wis  three,  Corliett  iS:  Macleay  three,  J.  McCrackeit 
one,  Henry  Hewett  &  Co.  two,  J.  M.  Ten  Hoscli  one,  Annuon  Caspari 
&  Co.  six.  M.  C.  Moore  one,  Halfour,  Guthrie  iS:  Co.  nine,  Salem  Flour 
Mills  Company  two,  W.  S.  Sib.son  three,  C.  J.  Theobald  one,  owners' 
account,  Ainerican  ships  I'reeman  Clark  and  licllr  of  Oregon. 

An  attempt  to  break  Captain  Flavel's  pilotage  monopoly  was 
made  in  187.S  by  Bar  Pilots  F;ric  Johnson,  Thomas  Doig,  M.  I).  Staples 
and  Thomas  Masters,  who  operated  the  schooner  Reseiie  on  the  bar. 
Capt.  George  W.  Wood  was  taken  in  afterward,  but  the  coniix;tition 
was  short-lived.  The  Keseiie,  a  fast  sailer  of  seventy-two  tons  burden, 
w.is  built  by  Matthew  Turner"  at  a  cost  of  $8,000.  When  she  was 
taken  off"  the  bar.  Masters,  who  was  at  that  time  pilot  on  the  (.ireal 
Republie,  found  a  buyer,  and,  giving  his  place  011  the  steamship  to 
Doig,  sailed  south  with  her  to  Cocos  Island  in  search  of  the  treasure 
suppo.sed  to  Ix;  buried  there.  Finding  nothing,  she  departed  for 
Co.sta  Rica,  where  she  was  sold  to  the  Government.  The  Hriti.sh 
Columbia  pilots  were  operating  the  schooner  Caroline,  sailed  by  Capt.  John  Thompson." 

Two  mysterious  disasters  were  reported  in  1.S78.     The  ship  (irace  Dar/ing,  coal-laden  from  Nanaimo  for 
San  Francisco,  with  a  crew  of  eighteen  men,  sailed  from  Victoria.  January  ,^d.     She  was  sighted  for  the  last  time, 
January  18th,  by  the  .\felanithon,  and  was  at  that  time  hove  to  in  a  heavy  gale.     The  g;'iieral  supposition  is  that 
she  foundered  before  the  crew  had  an  opjiortunity  to  e.scaiie,  but  no 
wrecka){e  was  ever  found.     A  similar  fate  l)efell  the  steam  tug  Cor- 
ddiii,  which  sailed  from  San  Franci.sco,  January  lyth,  for  the  Coquille 
River.     No  tidings  of  the  vessel  were  received  until  March  ijtli,  when 
the  hull  was  discovered  bottom  up  on  the  west  coast  of  Vancouver 
Island.     None  of  the  bodies  of  the  unfortunate  crew  were  ever  recov- 
ered, and  the  manner  in  whiih  they  met  their  death  will  never  be 
known.     The  American  bark  AVwi,'   Philip,  Capt.  .\.  W.  Keller,  frcmj 
San  Francisco  for  Port  Gamble  in  ballast,  was  wrecked  January  25tb. 
Slie  was  towed  out  of  San  F'rancisco,  and  after  the  tug  east  off"  the 

after  till-  liig  liri',  and  then  Ciiplnin  Ilatlielcl  Iv.isi'il  tlif  <1uck  nliicli  now  beiirs  liis 
iiamr  and  conliniifd  nianii>>inK  it  until  itS^.),  durinte  tlmt  time  acting  as  i\^vn\.  for 
the  ll.ivliaii  A'e/>H/i/ii,  .Sf.  I'aiil.  and  other  ocean  steanisliiiis,  as  well  a.i  the 
Sninil  steamers  of  the  racilio  Navigation  Companv,  the  .Mullnotiiah,  MoHliccilo, 
.lhei;l,,n,  l.yilii)  Thompsitn,  htiiiul  llilli\  II'.  h.  .I/«;;i<)r  and  otiiers. 

"Matthew  Turner,  sliijihtulder,  was  born  in  Ohio  in  iSj.s.  He  arrived  on 
the  riicilic  Coast  on  the  sliip  J/ii;  1  .  Inn  in  1850,  and,  after  spending  three  years 
ill  the  mines.  ImuKht  the  schooner  ToroHlo  and  eiiKaKPil  in  the  Iniiiher  trade  for 
two  yt.;irs,  snl>se(inently  selling  her  and  relnrniiif!  ICast,  where  lie  hoiif;ht  the 
sihoniiir  l.oiiis  Iviry,  which  he  ImiUKlit  out  through  the  Straits  of  Magellan  and 
sailed  iMit  of  San  I'ranciBco  four  years.  After  disiiosiiiK  of  her  he  URain  went  Hast 
anil  purchased  the  hrij;  7'iiiiani/ra.  After  her  advent  on  the  Pacific  Coast  he  ran 
for  sevi  ral  years  in  the  coilfishiiiK  traile,  and  suhseipieiitly  enxaK^d  in  nierchan- 
ilisinn  and  tra<liiiK  at  Tahiti.  lie  then  went  to  ICnreka  and  constructed  the  tirig 
Xitit/i  us,  which  lie  operated  in  connection  with  the  Tiiiiamlrti  in  the  Tahiti  trade. 
The  .\aiililiis  proved  a  remarkably  ({ood  sailer  as  well  as  an  excellent  carrier, 
ami  SCI  iiiconraxed  Mr.  Turner  that  lie  iniinediately  ennaxed  in  the  shipbuihling 
husiiii>s.     Since  that  time  he  has  bnilt  scores  of  line  ami  fast  coasting  vessels. 

Capt.  John  Tlionip.son  <if  Victoria,  II.  C,  was  born  in  Liverpool.  Knglanil,  in  1.S49,  and  coniinenced  his  maritime  life  on 
thclini;  .l/ciofit',  plyinff  between  Liverpool  and  Baltic  seaports.  .After  following  his  vocation  in  various  parts  of  the  world  for  several 
ye.-irs  iir  .irrived  111  New  York  in  i,S62,  and  sailed  out  of  thai  port  on  deep  water  ships  until  |S6^,  when  lie  joined  the  I'liiteil  Slates 
Kiiiibi.r  l\tllaf>oiKii,  remaining  with  her  until  the  close  of  the  war.  lie  then  went  to  China  and  en^aKed  in  coasting;  init  of  Oriental 
|)orts  t  r  two  years,  leaviiu;  there  for  a  voyage  to  l{n){laiid,  thence  to  New  York,  where  he  joineil  tile  ship  l'alf>iii,iisi>  in  1S75  and 
raiiie  i  i  San  Francisco,  'rlic  next  two  years  were  sncnt  on  the  steamship  I'tinania  as  ipiartermaster  and  thinl  mate.  In  1S7S  he  left 
the  /'(■  una  and  went  to  Victoria,  where  lie  secured  a  special  license,  having  cliarKe  of  the  pilot-boat  Caiolinn  for  six  months,  and 
siil«ei|  1  ntly  taking  out  the  regular  pilot's  license  for  the  district  of  Ilrilish  Columbia.  For  the  past  sixteen  years  he  has  followed 
h;scal!  tin,  always  enjoying  success  and  free<Iu        om  accidents. 


CAI'T.  Jt»n>  Thomis^on 


'il 


I;, If. 


vij 


I  I 


264 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


wind  died  out,  and  she  drifted  toward  the  Iwach.  Hoth  anchors  were  let  go,  but  the  heavy  sea  parted  tlie 
chains,  and  she  went  high  and  dry  a  mile  and  a  linlf  south  of  the  Cliff  House.  The  wreck  was  sold  as  it  lay 
for  $1,050.  The  Oregon  clipper  WesUrn  Shore  was  caught  in  a  similar  predicament  at  the  same  time,  her  master 
losing  his  life  by  a  falling  spar,  but  the  ves.sel  was  re.scucd  by  the  tug  /iichard  Holyoke,  Capt.  John  T.  Coiiiiicic. 
She  was  not  so  fortunate  a  few  months  later,  for  July  1  ith,  while  en  route  from  .Seattle  with  a  cargo  of  coal,  she 
struck  on  Duxbury  Reef  and  went  to  pieces  in  short  order.  At  the  time  of  the  accident  the  clip|>er  was  speeding 
before  a  strong  wind,  making  twelve  knots  an  hour,  and  when  she  grounded  the  entire  bottom  on  the  port  side 
went  out,  the  coal  cargo  slipping  into  the  sea  through  the  aperture.  The  Western  Shore  had  previously  had 
several  hairbreadth  escapes,  and  though  she  pos.ses.se(l  great  s|)eed  and  enormous  carrying  capacity  was  never 
regarded  as  a  lucky  ship.  Capt.  A.  M.  Simpson,  who  owned  one-half  uf  the  vessel,  had  his  portion  insured  for 
$2.S,ouo,  and  Capt.  J.  W.  McAllep  carried  an  insurance  of  $6,000  on  his  one-eighth  .share.  As  soon  as  the  vessel 
struck.  Captain  Hotchki.ss  and  the  crew  took  to  the  boats  and  were  picked  up  by  the  tug  Wizard. 

The  Americaii  bark  Osmyn,  Capt.  C.  S.  Simpson,  from  .Seattle  for  San  Francisco  with  eight  hundred  and 
eighty  tons  of  coal,  at  ,^:oo  a.  m.  on  January  luth  collided  with  the  burk  Aureola,  Captain  Malgram,  near  Puiiit 
Marrowstone.  The  weather  was  thick,  with  strong  southeast  squalls.  The  Osmyn  was  struck  on  the  starlward 
bow  and  .sank  in  thret!  minutes,  the  cook,  steward  and  one  seaman  tasing  their  lives.  The  eight  survivors 
climbed  aboard  the  Aureola.  The  ves.sel  was  valued  at  $2o,o<k)  and  was  owned  by  Capt.  Samuel  Hlair  of  San 
Francisco,  who  also  owned  the  Aureola.  The  Anterican  barkentine  /•/<•<•  Trade,  three  hundred  and  forty  tons, 
Capt.  J.  O.  Merriman,  from  Port  Townsend  for  Sydney  with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  s|>rang  a  leak  during  a  heavy 
southeast  gale,  October  21st,  and  became  water-logged,  stranding  .shortly  afterward  near  ^uillibute  Rocks.  The 
crew  remained  aboard  for  four  days  with  nothing  to  eot,  the  seas  breaking;  clear  over  the  vessel.  They  fiimlly 
abandoned  her  and  with  difficulty  reached  shore,  only  one  life  being  lost  in  the  attempt,  that  of  Albert  Thompson, 
seaman.  The  vessel  was  twelve  years  old  and  was  valued  at  $io,oix).  The  Hriti.sh  .ship  Cilv  0/  Dublin,  eight 
hundred  and  fourteen  tons,  was  wrecked  on  Clatsop  Spit,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  October  i8th.  She  had 
made  a  rattling  passage  of  forty-nine  days  from  Fort  Chalmers,  New  /.ealand,  and,  approaching  the  muuth  of  the 
Columbia  in  the  darkness  and  thick  weather,  came  in  too  close,  and  a  sudden  shift  of  wind  prevented  her  from 
getting  away  from  the  land.  The  anchors  were  dropped,  but  the  chains  parted,  and  she  drifted  on  the  l)each. 
The  weather  was  comparatively  calm,  and,  when  an  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  to  float  her  two  weeks  later,  it 
was  found  that  she  had  made  less  than  five  feet  of  water.  As  she  could  not  be  haule<l  ofl"she  was  disinaiiticd,  and 
the  hull  remained  in  the  sand  for  many  years.  The  City  0/  Dublin  was  valued  at  1140,000  and  was  in  command  of 
Capt.  David  Steven  at  t!.e  time  of  the  disaster.  The  schooner  Phil  Sheridan  was  run  down  and  sunk  l)y  tlie 
steam.ship  .4//fo«  during  a  thick  fog,  .Septeml)er  15th,  about  fifteen  miles  off  the  Uniptiua  bar.  The  crew  were 
saved  by  the  A  neon.  The  schooner  Paa/ir  was  abandoned,  January  3otii,  off  the  California  coast,  and  the  crew 
were  rescued  and  taken  to  San  Francisco  by  the  A'.  A',  //am.  The  hull  of  the  vessel  afterward  went  ashore  on 
Vancouver  Island.  The  bark  h'edar,  from  Burrard's  Inlet  for  Mellwurne,  was  abandoned  off  the  Friendly  Islands. 
May  18th,  the  crew  escaping  on  a  raft.  The  steamer  Reaver,  built  on  the  Willamette  .several  years  before,  was 
wrecked  on  the  Stickeen  River  at  -j-.i-io  A.  m..  May  1 7th.  In  command  of  Capt.  Nat  H.  Lane,  Jr.,  she  was  bound  for 
Wrangel,  Alaska,  and  at  a  point  about  sixty  miles  below  Glenora  struck  a  rock.  With  the  exception  of  her 
machinery,  which  was  saved  in  fair  condition,  she  became  a  total  loss.  The  accident  was  caused  by  the  failure  of 
the  gong  to  sound  the  signal  to  back.  The  American  ship  John  Jay,  built  in  1821  and  honored  .several  years  later 
by  having  as  a  pas.senger  the  Mar(|uis  de  I,a  Fayette  when  he  visited  America,  put  back  to  Fort  Town.seiul  twice  in 
l.>S78  leaking  so  badly  that  crews  eventually  refused  to  go  to  .sea  with  her.  The  steamer  Wenat  was  sunk  on  the 
Skagit  River  in  March,  the  A.  A.  A/iCiilly  on  the  Willamette  in  June,  the  steamer  Union  l)urned  on  the  I''ra.ser 
July  29th,  the  Ohio  sank  at  Clackamas  Rapids  in  October,  the  Almota  near  John  Day's  in  December,  and  the 
5.  T.  Church  in  Gervais  Slough  a  few  months  later.  With  the  exception  of  the  Wenat  all  the  sunken  steamers 
were  raised  and  repaired. 

,  The  death  roll  for  1878  included  several  well  known  old-timers.  Capt.  John  Co.sgrove  was  accidently 
killed  at  Port  Klakely,  February  9th,  aged  forty-seven  years.  T.  J.  Win.ship,  for  many  years  chief  engineer  of  the 
Shubrick  and  afterward  lampist  for  the  Pacific  Coast  lighthouse  service,  died  in  ,San  F'rancisco,  March  ^\M.  aged 
fifty-one  years.  Daniel  W.  Lowell,  who  came  to  the  Coast  on  the  Massachusetts  and  was  pur.ser  on  the  Lot 
Whitcomb,  Enterprise  and  a  number  of  pioneer  steamers,  passed  away,  September  2d,  in  the  same  city.  There 
also  Captain  Johnson,  formerly  of  the  Ori~aba  and  other  northern  steamships,  started  on  the  long  voyage 
Decemlier  31st,  and  Capt.  A.  G.  Jones,  of  the  steamship  Salvador,  September  23d.  Walter  Moffatt,  owner  ot  the 
bark  Edward  James  and  other  ves.sels,  died  at  sea  in  June,  1878,  while  en  route  from  Honolulu  to  Tahiti.  Capt. 
Granville  N.  Hlinii,  of  the  ship  Western  Shore,  was  killed  by  the  parting  of  a  hawser  on  .San  Fraiicisio  bar, 
January  25th.  Capt.  C.  X.  Nisson,  of  the  schooner  Lizzie  Madison,  was  drowned  at  Yaquina  Biiy,  Februarv  i8th. 
Capt.  John  Martin,  of  the  ship  Dashing  Wave,  died  in  Tacoma,  August  24th.  He  was  a  native  of  Rocklaml,  Me., 
and  sailed  four  years  on  the  Samoset. 


»'  "  il 


chapt1':r  XIII. 

Loss  oi'  TiiK  vStkamshii'  "Grhat  Rhithi.ic  " — Akrivai.  ok  thk  "Orkc.on"  ani>  thk  "  Statk  op 
Cai.ikoknia  "  —  Okkc.on  Railway  it  Navication  Company  Si-cckkds  tiik  Orkcon  Stkam 
Navigation  Company— Ni'mkrous  Smai.i,  Stkamkrs  Huii.t  on  tim!  Coi.umiiia- Thk  "  Okokc.k  K. 
Starr"  and  "Cashiar"  Launciikd  at  Skatti.k — List  op  Stkamkrs  Rkc.istkrki)  in  tiik  I'i'ckt 
Soi'Ni)  District  in  1H79— Tiik  "  Wkstkkn  Si.oi-k  "  and  Dtiihr  Hritisii  Commiiia  Stkamkrs— 
Ship  "  Olymits  "  Himi.t  at  Skadkck — Skatti.k  Coai.  Fi.kkt— I.o.ss  op  tiik  "  Marmion  "  and 
Othkr  Sailing  Vk.sski.s— Northern  Paciiic  Stkamkr  "Frkdiirick  K.  Hillings"  Tiik  Okhc;on 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company's  Imr.st  Stkamkr,  tup  '  Ma.ssai.o  "— Cods  Hay  Stkamkrs— 
Stkamship  "Columiiia"  Arrivks  on  thk  Coast — Tiik  "William  Irving"  and  "  Pkkri.kss  " — 
Licknskd  Oppickks  in  Pugkt  Soi'nd  District— NrMPRors  Additions  to  tiik  Stkamkr  Fi.kkt  on 
Pl'gkt  Sound— CoLtiMPiA  Rivkr  Grain  Fi.kkt— Wrkck  op  tiik  "  Diliiarrii:,  '  "  Gknkrai.  Coiiii," 
"David  Hoadlkv,"  "Joskph  Pkrkins,"  "Thrashbr,"  "  Gr.ssiK  Tki.pair,"  and  Othkr  Wkll 
Known  Vkssrls. 

'^  OR  TMH  few  months  of  its  existence,  Pierre  B.  CornwaH's  opposition  steamship  line 
was  a  very  prominent  factor  in  the  transportation  bnsiness  on  the  I'ortland  and  San 
Francisco  route,  hut  the  enterprise  came  to  an  abrupt  termination  early  in  1879  when  the 
(inal  A'rfiiifi/u-  was  wrecked  on  Sand  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  The  immense 
business  handled  by  the  .steamer  the  preceding  year,  instead  of  lessening,  gave  promise  of 
increasing,  and  in  charge  of  Capt.  James  Carroll  and  ('hief  Engineer  J.  Mutton  she  sailed 
^  from  San  PVanci.sco  on  her  last  trip  .\pril  i6th,  with  550  cabin  and  ,^46  steerage  pa.ssengers. 
She  arrived  off  the  Columbia  bar  at  midnight,  and  the  weather  .seemed  so  favorable 
that  it  was  decided  to  enter  at  once  iiisteatl  of  waiting  for  daylight.  This  decision  was  fatal  to 
the  old  China  liner,  and  within  an  hour  she  had  made  her  last  port,  grounding  on  Sand  Island. 
to  l)e  lei.surely  knocked  to  pieces  two  days  later.  The  steamer  struck  so  lightly  that  but  few 
of  those  aboard  knew  of  the  accident  at  the  time,  and  all  were  confident  of  soon  being  again  afloat.  Unfortunately 
the  steamer  grounded  at  nearly  high  tide,  and  the  iie.xt  tide  was  so  small  that  she  could  not  float  off.  Her  weight 
had  also  severely  strained  the  hull  and  di.sarraiiged  the  machinery,  the  injection  pijjcs  breaking  when  the  sea  fell, 
and  the  feed  and  bilge  pumps  also  refusing  to  work,  permitting  the  water  to  gain  rapidly  when  the  tide  again 
flooik-d,  and  giving  the  rising  waves  a  full  sweep  at  the  hou.se  and  upper  works.  When  the  .steamer  failed  to  get 
away  on  the  first  tide,  Cai)tain  Carroll  decided  to  send  his  ])asseiigers  ashore.  The  crew  and  a  few  who  still 
tempted  fate  remained  aboard  and  were  afterwprd  rowed  to  the  island,  no  .iccident  hap|>ening  until  the  last 
boatload  moved  away  from  the  wreck  at  i(i:^o  a.  m.  on  the  twenty-first.  A  very  heavy  sea  was  rniining,  and,  in 
eiuk-avoring  to  keep  the  boat  properly  headed,  First  Officer  Lennon  broke  the  steering  oar  by  putting  too  much 
strain  upon  it,  and,  before  he  could  regain  control,  the  craft  was  caught  by  a  breaker  and  capsized,  instantly 
throwing  all  of  the  men  into  the  water.  Three  of  them  were  fortunate  enough  to  reach  the  island  in  safety,  but 
First  Officer  H.  Lennon,  William  Jolin.son,  J.  Conner,  Thomas  McAvoy,  vSamnel  McMurray,  Frank  Scott,  Albert 
Hiltmi,  Charles  Muretz,  Frank  Mallory,  Charles  Bird  and  James  McDermitt  were  drowned.  In  the  investigation 
whiili  followed,  the  following  statements  were  made  by  the  parties  directly  concerned  in  the  management  of  the 
ship  After  te.stifying  that  he  had  placed  the  .steamer  in  charge  of  Pilot  Doig  at  the  automatic  buoy  at  1 2:30  a.  m. 
on  April  19th,  Captain  Carroll  .said  : 

"  There  was  not  h  ripple  on  tin-  water,  ami  we  raine  over  the  liar  iiinler  a  .slow  l)ell  all  llie  way,  crossing  in  safety  anil  reacliinK 
the  ilI^i(le  liuoy.  The  first  anil  tliiril  ollicerH  were  oil  the  lookout  with  nie.  I  hail  a  pair  of  glasses  anil  was  the  first  to  itiscover  Sani! 
Islau  1  and  found  the  lieariiigs  all  right.     I  reported  it  to  the  pilot,  who  as  yet  had  not  seen  it.     We  ran  along  prohahly  two  minutes. 


U   .  t 


:i 


!  r, 


266 


Lewit  <f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


■ml  I  then  told  the  pilot  that  I  thouxht  we  were  K'tt'llK  too  cIom  to  the  iHlatid  anil  that  he  hail  l)etter  haul  her  up.  lie  repljecl,  '  i 
iln  not  think  we  are  in  Tar  enouKh.'  A  minute  later  I  Mid.  *  Port  your  helm  and  put  it  hard  over,  ii»  1  think  yon  are  Ki'tliiiK  ><">  iit'ar 
the  iHljiiid.'  lie  made  no  reply,  hut  rnii  alonK  for  alxmt  live  niiiiiitm  mid  then  put  the  helm  lianl  a-porl,  mid  the  vcmic-l  svmmiu  >i|>. 
heading  toward  Aiitoria,  liut  llieehli  tide  caUKlit  her  on  the  ntarliourd  liow,  and.  lieiuK  "o  iitiir  the  iainiid,  Kent  her  on  tlif  •,y\:,  sIk 
went  on  >o  liKhtly  that  only  a  few  knew  of  the  accident,  Init  a»  the  liile  wait  falliiiK  we  had  no  chiiiice  to  >(et  the  viiuiel  ofTih  ii  iii){|it. 
The  next  tide  waa  u  aiiiall  one,  and  we  could  do  nothing,  and  aa  the  liarometer  whh  fHlliiiK.  inillcatinK  a  Htorni,  I  nenl  Mr  IVcli,  ihr 
puner,  to  I'ort  Cantiy  for  anaiatance.  The  U\\(»  /ItfM/iiim  and  (aii/iy  arrived,  followed  aooii  afterward  liy  tile  .Shufiriii  unl  ilif 
Colnmhia.  With  the  aid  of  Huiall  hoatathe  paaseiiKera  were  Irnnnferred  to  these  Hteainern  and  taken  to  AHtorin,  the  llrtnhum  iiiiikiiiK 
two  tri|>*.  The  entire  crew  rnnained  on  hoard,  anil  I  made  arranKenienla  with  Captain  I'lavel  to  have  three  Iuk"  there  at  lii^li  liile 
In  the  meantime  the  ciew  waa  at  work  diacharKinK  eoal  in  an  efTurt  tii  lixhten  llu  veuel.  At  S:iio  r.  M  a  iiouthweat  Kale  Mmlcil  in. 
makiiiK  a  heavy  aea,  chopping  to  aoutheast  alwut  midnight.  I'p  to  lliia  time  the  ship  was  IviiiK  eaay  and  inakiiiK  no  walcr,  Init  the 
heavy  aeu  prevented  the  tu^a  from  rendering  aaaiatance  and  alao  drove  her  liiKher  on  the  spit,  and  aliortly  after  niidiiiKhl  hIu-  liej{nii 
to  work,  hreakinx  the  steam  pipes  and  diaaoliii);  the  I'liKines.  The  few  remaining  passeUKcrs  were  put  aahore  on  Sand  NliindRt 
6:iKi  A.  M.  on  Sunday,  and  were  followed  hy  the  crew,  the  ship  lommencinK  to  lireak  up,  sn  that  it  was  dan^erons  to  remain  mi  lumnl. 
The  last  lioal  left  the  ship  at  io:.v>  A.  M.,  and  in  KettiuK  away  the  steeriuK  oar  liroke  and  the  lioat  caiisi/ed,  drouninK  elevtii  nf  the 
fourteen  men  it  contained.  Aliout  the  same  time  a  heavy  sea  tHMrded  the  ship  and  carried  away  the  staleriMims  on  the  st.irlioanl 
side,  Kutted  the  dininK-room,  hroke  up  the  floor  of  the  social  hall,  and  carried  auay  the  piano.  Several  seas  afterward  bounlcil  her 
forward  and  carried  away  the  starlraard  ^nard,  officera'  room  and  steeraKe  deck,  also  a  nnmlier  of  horaea.  I  remaineil  on  lioanl  until 
S:iiu  I'.  M.,  when  the  pilot  and  myself  lowered  a  lifehoat  and  came  ashore." 

Tbotnas  Doig,  the  bar  pilot  who  had  charge  of  the  .ship  at  the  time  of  the  disaster,  testified  as  follows  : 

"  I  took  charge  of  the  ship  at  the  automatic  hnoy  at  i}:3ii  A  M.  It  was  a  starliKht  iiiitht,  and  I  had  no  doubt  aliniit  keeping 
the  course  and  f^ettniK  in  all  right.  After  taking  charge  I  headed  her  for  the  liar,  whicii  I  crossed  in  safely  at  12:55  a  .m.  I 
kept  the  lead  Koing  constantly  from  the  time  I  took  charge,  and  after  getting  across  the  liar  I  put  the  ship  under  a  alow  hell  and  ran 
her  that  way  until  she  grounded.  After  crossing  the  har  I  took  my  course  for  the  middle  of  Sand  Island  with  a  bright  luukout 
ketit.  Captain  Carroll  reported  Sand  Island  to  me,  and  I  answered  him  and  said,  '  That's  all  right.'  He  then  said,  '  Port  yonr 
helm,  Doig  ;  she  is  getting  too  near  the  island  '  I  answered.  '  I  don't  think  she  is  far  enough  in  from  two  to  four  minutes.' 
Alraut  that  time  I  sighted  Sand  Island  and  put  her  helm  hard  over,  she  answering  her  helm  and  coming  up  on  her  course,  lirailiiiK 
east  northeast ;  but  iiiimediHtely  on  getting  her  on  her  course  she  brought  up  on  the  spit  with  her  port  bilge.     l)n  her  starbuarii 

ipiarler  I  had  five  fathoms  by  the  lead,  ami 
the  only  reason  I  can  give  for  the  disa.^ter 
is  that,  when  I  took  charge  of  the  vcs.sel,  I 
(lid  not  figure  on  the  ebb  lieiiig  so  striiiiK. 
I  knew  the  tide  had  lieen  ebliing  for  at 
least  all  hour  and  a  half,  but  hail  iin  fear 
as  to  her  not  having  water  enough,  us  she 
was  drawing  but  seventeen  feet,  and  I 
knew  there  was  plenty  of  water  for  that 
draught  at  that  stage  of  the  tide.  The 
ship  working  under  a  slow  liell,  and  the 
ebb  tide  striking  her  on  the  starboard 
quarter,  had  set  her  down  for  at  least  a 
quarter  or  a  half  mile  from  where  I 
thought  I  was  on  my  course.  When  she 
brought  up  on  the  spit  her  headway  was 
so  slow  that  the  jar  was  hardly  noliicahle 
by  those  who  were  standing  011  deck,  anil 
both  the  captain  and  myself  thoUKlii  slic 
would  go  oil  at  the  next  high  tide  " 

On  arriving  at  Astoria  the 
pa.sseiigers  published  a  card  in  the 
papers  thanking;  Captain  Carroll 
and  his  officers.  Captain  Korlz  and 
I'jigiiieer  Cookson  of  the  Slmhick, 
and  the  officers  and  crews  of  the 
sti  AMhiiir    DRu.iiN  U\%&  BrenliaiH,  Columbia  and  Giiitial 

Canby,  for  their  heroic  work.  The  Canby,  Capt.  W.  P.  Whitcoinb,  was  the  first  steamer  to  arrive  at  the  .scene 
of  the  disaster  and  rendered  exceptionally  good  service.  The  Liltli-  California,  Captain  Thorn,  with  Hughes 
brothers,  purser  and  freight  clerk,  took  the  passengers  to  Portland,  and  these  officials  gave  all  the  as.sistaiicc  in 
their  power.  The  Great  Rel>ublic  wdA  instired  for  #50,000  and  the  cargo  for  $25, «».  She  carried  1,051;  tons  of 
freight,  valued  at  $75,000.  The  wreck  and  cargo  were  .sold  by  Capt.  George  l-'lavcl  for  the  underwriters  to 
Jackson  &  Meyers  for  $1,280  and  $2,500  respectively.  The  purchasers  organized  a  company  known  as  the 
Great  Republic  Wrecking  Company,  taking  in  as  partners  \V.  S.  Sib.son,  W.  S.  Kinney  and  J.  H.  I).  Gray,  who 
secured  considerable  plunder  from  the  stranded  ves.sel,  which  soon  broke  up.  On  the  twenty-second  the  maiiiiiiast 
and  foremast  went  by  the  board,  and  the  following  day  one  hundred  feet  of  the  liow  broke  off  and  swung  on  tlie 
beach.  Seven  of  the  twenty-seven  horses  on  board  reached  the  island.  May  2d  the  entire  hull  aft  ol  the 
walking-beam  broke  away  and  disapi)eared.  The  huge  walking-beam  and  wheels  remained  in  view  for  many 
years,  affording  a  target  for  the  gunners  stationed  at  Fort  Canby  ;  and  at  extreme  low  tide  portions  oi  the 
wreck  are  still  visible  on  what  is  now  called  Republic  Spit.  The  result  of  the  inspectors'  inquiry  was  the 
suspension  of  Captain  Carroll's  license  for  six  months  and  of  Doig's  for  one  year.  Carroll  promptly  appciled 
to  the  Supervising  In.spector  and  had  no  difficulty  in  securing  a  reversal  of  the  decision  and  in  having  his  liniise 
restored.    The  press  and  public  also  exonerated  him  from  all  responsibility  for  the  deplorable  accident. 

The  loss  of  the  Great  Republie  deprived  Portland  of  the  largest  steamship  that  has  ever  entereii  the 
Columbia,  but  le.ss  than  a  month  after  the  big  sidewheeler  went  to  pieces  two  elegant  modern-built  propellers  were 
in  operation  between  San  Francisco  and  Portland.  The  first  of  these,  the  Oregon,  sailed  from  New  York,  c.illiiig 
at  Rio  Janeiro  and  Valparaiso,  and  arrived  at  Portland,  April  22d,  making  the  voyage  in  sixty-five  days  ain!  lour 


Modern  Propeller  Stvamships  Appear,  Oregon  Railway  4  Navigation  Company  Incorporated 


267 


hours  She  came  out  in  charge  of  Capt.  FronciM  Conner  and  Chief  KuKinecr  J.  C.  Hcnderiton  Capt. 
K.  S  Acklcy '  and  Patrick  Friel '  alno  l>t;ing  ineniliers  of  tlie  crew,  iind  Imnight  tliirty-foiir  through  pn.ssciigi-rM  and 
iwciit)  from  \'alparoiso.  On  her  second  trip  from  San  I'roncisco  to  Portland  she  carried  three  hnndred  passengers 
and  oil  iier  third  three  hundred  and  fifty.  Conner  was  succeeded  in  command  hy  Kdward  i'olemanii,  who  has 
reniniiK'd  in  charge  of  the  steamship  since  1K80,  making  regular  trips  on  the  Portland  route  until  1X94,  when  the 
(V(y< "  was  laid  off  and  has  since  l)een  used  only  as  an  extra  steamer. 
.\(lam  W.  Klierle  '  has  l)een  chief  engineer  since  the  death  of  A.  (lilmore, 
mA  T.  \.  Porter'  was  among  those  serving  as  first  a.ssistants.  In  1HH6 
she  rt'ieived  )]!li2,,six>  salvage  for  towing  the  disabled  steamship  Stale  0/ 
California  into  the  Columhia.  In  Decendwr,  i.SHcj,  while  eii  route  from 
Fortl.iiid  to  Astoria  in  charge  of  River  Pilot  I'ease,  she  ran  down  and 
s.iiik  iliv  British  ship  Clan  Macken-ie,  sustaining  damages  amounting 
to  several  thou.sand  dollars.  The  Oregon  is  two  hundred  and  eighty- 
three  fvel  long,  thirty-seven  feet  six  inches  beam,  and  twenty-three  feet 
six  inrlies  hold,  with  engines  thirty-.six  and  sixty  by  fifty-four  inches  ; 
tonnage,  1,642.  The  new  .steamship  State  of  California,  built  for  the 
I'ncific  Coast  Steamship  Company,  reached  San  Francisco,  May  8,  1879, 
fifty-nine  and  one-half  days  from  Philadelphia,  her  actual  running  time 
l)einK  fifty  days  and  twelve  and  one-half  hours.  She  came  out  in  charge 
of  J.  M.  I,aclilan,  captain  ;  Thomas  Huntington,  first  oflicer  ;  Gustav 
Keiclunann, '  .second  oflicer ;  C.  N.  Ooodall,  third  officer  ;  J.  A.  Jones, 
cliicf  engineer;  H.  Mcl<ellan,  purser  ;  G.  VV.  Kdwards,  .steward.  I.  W. 
Wood,"  at  present  a  well  known  engineer,  wos  also  one  of  her  crew, 
and  \V.  K.  Maitlaud'  afterward  served  as  first  a.ssistant  for  .several 
years.  She  arrived  at  Portland,  May  25th,  with  Gerard  Debney," 
captain  ;  John  Fields,  first  officer ;  Gustav  Reiclimann,  .second  officer ; 

'Cnpt.  11.  S.  Arklvy  was  liorii  in  Knat  IIh<IiIhiii,  Conn.,  ami  Iih.s  Ikfii  mnster 
of  ocean  vessels  for  over  forty  years.     He  ran  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  until  1H78,  wlien  Aham  W.  Kukri  k 

lie  ciiiiie  out  as  tliinl   officer  of  the  slcanisliip  Oregon,  returning  nn<l  inalcinK  a 

similar  voyage  with  tlic  Columbia  11s  secoixl  ollicer.  In  i88.^  he  was  sent  Kasl  to  take  charge  of  the  new  steamer  {>l\in/<ian,  which 
he  brought  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  uiid  was  sulwequently  master  of  the  steamship  dioige  II'.  Rhlrr  four  years,  KoiuK  from  her  to  the 
steamships  Ahioh,  .Wexieo  and  (Jueen.     Vox  the  past  seven  years  he  has  Iweii  in  cliarnc  of  the  «leanisliip  Slule  of  Cah/ornio. 

■  Patrick  I-'riel,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Ireland  in  1H65  and  commence<l  his  marine  service  as  a  coal-pas.ser  on  the  steamship 
Dakolit  when  she  first  visited  the  I'acific  Coast.  lie  returned  to  the  Atlantic  and  sailed  out  of  New  York  until  1.S77,  and  again 
started  west  on  the  steamship  (Oregon,  remained  three  years  and  then  went  hack  to  come  out  on  the  steamship  \l\illa  \l  ala,  wliicli 
lie  left  to  accept  a  position  ashore  in  Mexico.  I'rom  there  he  went  to  the  .Snake  River,  where  he  was  engaged  as  nie>  lianical 
engineer  on  the  Northern  I'acific  bridge  at  .\inswortli,  and  two  years  later  to  San  I'rancisco,  where  he  joined  the  steamship  San 
ll'tn,  siil)se(pieiitly  leaving  her  for  the  San  Juan,  on  which  he  served  three  years  as  second  assistant  ard  afterwanl  held  a  similar 
position  for  two  years  on  the  Oregon.  Since  then  he  has  been  first  assistant  on  the  steamers  l)ai.\r  A'inihill  uui\  (ii.s/ii;,  and  is 
still  connected  with  the  latter  vessel. 

'  Adam  W.  Kberle,  engineer,  was  horn  in  New  York  City  in  iSji,  and  began  on  the  Pacific  Coast  as  oiler  on  the  sidewheel 
steamer .  Ihiska,  running  to  I'anama,  going  from  her  to  the  steamers  China  and  (ieorgie,  on  the  same  route,  and  was  also  on  the 
Datii/ti,  running  from  San  I'rancisco  to  Victoria.  When  the  steamship  Oregon  came  out  he  accepted  a  position  on  her  as  oiler  and 
worked  his  way  up  to  that  of  chief  engineer,  which  he  now  holds, 

'  T.  A.  Porter,  engineer,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1S44,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  CoiLst  in  iShy.  joined  the  tug  Monterey  at 
Ihi  Mare  Island  Navy  Yard,  and  was  connected  with  her  at  intervals  for  seven  years,  lie  lelt  the  water  to  engage  in  mining  after 
this,  and  on  his  return  entered  the  Pacific  Mail  service  on  the  steamship  .llaska.  He  sul)sei|Ueiitly  ran  north  as  first  assistant  on 
the  steamship  Oregon  and  as  chief  on  the  Idaho.     .\t  present  he  is  serving  on  the  steamship  .Sii«  lllas  out  of  San  I'rancisco. 

Capt.  CiUstav  Keichmann  was  horn  in  Germany  in  iS^g,  and  began  going  to  sea  on  the  ship  F.  f  ll'iehelhansen  when  a  boy. 
He  continued  on  sailing  vessels  until  1H65.  when  he  secured  a  iiosition  as  first  otVicer  in  the  North  tferman  Mnyil  Steamship  Line. 
and  live  years  later  was  appointed  master  of  the  steamship //(»;hi(«.  He  was  afterward  ca])tain  of  the  .I/.(/«('  in  the  same  line, 
leaving  her  in  |S;8  to  go  to  the  Pacific  Coa.st  as  third  olTicer  of  the  steamship  .Slate  of  dili/ornia,  on  which  he  shortly  afterward 
liecaiiic  lirst  olTicer.  He  was  sub.se(pienlly  mate  anil  master  of  the  steamship  t'l/r  ol  I'he.'iler,  and  in  iSSi  or  iS,Si  joined  the  stcamsliip 
i'ittoihi,  on  which  he  ran  until  Novenilier.  I.S.Sj.  at  which  time  she  was  lost  near  Port  Orford.  He  then  retired  from  the  water  for  a 
few  years,  returning  for  a  short  time  to  serve  as  third  oflicer  of  the  steamship  Oregon  ami  first  otlicer  of  the  steamships  George  II'. 
lililei  and  .Mailtina;i\     For  the  past  three  years  he  has  been  managing  a  school  of  navigation  at  Seattle  and  .San  I'rancisco. 

•  1  W.  Wood,  engineer,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  i.Ss^,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  with  the  steamship  .Stale  of 
t\ili/''niiii  ill  i,S79,  remaining  with  her  as  oiler  and  water-tender  for  two  years,  and  then  serving  on  the  steamship  .Senator  as  second 
assistant  engineer  for  a  few  mouths.  He  then  went  Ivast  and  returned  as  thinl  assistant  <Mi  the  ijiteen  of  Ihe  Paei/ie.  .After  leaving 
her  lif  was  seconil  assistant  of  the  .Stale  ol  California  (m  two  years,  lirst  assistant  of  the  sieamship  .S'i;«  I'ahio  until  she  was  «recke<l 
on  the  China  coast,  chief  of  the  steam  schooner  /(7f<//  for  nearly  two  years,  and  then  joineil  the  .S,in  I'edio  as  first  assistant  and  held 
the  )HKition  of  chief  when  she  was  wrecked  near  Victoria.  He  was  appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  .San  Itenilo  in 
I'ebni.iry,  1,^92,  and  is  still  in  charge. 

'  W.  K.  Maitland,  engineer,  was  born  at  Kail  River,  Mass.,  in  1.S44,  and  commenced  his  marine  service  in  1.S62  as  oiler  on 
Fall  River  steamers,  afterward  serving  for  several  years  ashore  in  the  Kail  River  Line  shops  He  reached  the  Pacific  Coast  in  186.S 
and  wiirked  for  a  year  in  the  railroad  shops  at  Sacramento  and  in  other  positions  until  1S78,  when  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
I'aciii,  Coast  Steamship  Company  as  oiler  011  the  .Uohongo,  going  from  her  to  the  .Slate  of  California,  where  he  remained  lor  live 
anil  .\  lialf  years  and  reached  the  position  of  first  iLssistant.  He  left  the  .Slate  to  take  a  similar  billet  on  the  Santa  Rosa.  Three 
years  later  he  was  appointed  chief  of  the  l.os  .Ingeles  and  remained  with  her  until  about  three  years  ago,  when  he  secured  his 
presriu  position  in  charge  of  the  engines  of  the  Corona. 

Capt.  (lerani  Dehuey  was  born  in  Knglaiid  in  1S38,  and  Ijcgan  .sailing  between  .Atlantic  ports  when  a  Imy.  His  first 
expen  nee  in  the  steamship  business  in  the  Northwest  was  on  the  old  Columbia  in  185S,  running  north  from  San  Krancisco,  and, 
with  ii<e  exception  of  a  short  time  while  he  was  employed  on  sailing  vessel.s,  he  has  remained  in  the  steamship  service.  After  the 
SUili-  /  Cali/ofnia  arriveil  from  the  Kasl,  he  ran  her  011  the  Portland  and  San  I''rancisco  route  for  several  years,  leaving  her  about 
seven  wars  ago  to  take  command  of  the  Cilj'  0/  /'uebla,  with  which  he  is  still  coiinecteil. 


1  '? 


11"  1 


III 


if    '     , 


>i' 


a68 


Lewii  4  Oryden'i  Marine  Hiatory  of  the  Pacific  Northwett 


Sri-.AMSMII'   "HTATH  (IF  CAMfoHNIA  ' 


m 

hi 


William  Thotcher,  third  officer  ;  J.  Joneii,  chief  cnKineer  ;  H.  WiNon,  fi.st  n»sintniit ;  M.  M.  Iltickmnii.  imrstr 
Dehney  riiiinincd  in  coiniiiaiul  until  iHHH,  whi-n  he  wn»  succeeded  l>y  Capt.  H  S.  Ackley.  In  April,  iHsi,  tin. 
steamer  was  in  collision  with  the  linrkentine  /^jrlliinJ,  sustaiuinK  |1|(>,<kx)  dama|{e.  S<H)n  after  this  she  l>iiiki'  a 
shaft  forty  miles  south  of  the  Colnmhin  Kiver.  and  in  iH(;<>  met  with  a  Nimilar  accident.  The  S/atf  o/  Cnii/onii,, 
is  a  duplicate  of  a  vessel  purchased  from  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company  by  the  Russian  (lovtriiimiii. 
She  is  three  hundred  and  seven  feet  long,  thirty-seven  feet  lieam,  and  twenty  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  forty  two 
and  seventy-three  hy  fifty-one  inches. 

The  steamship  .S7.  /'ait/  visited  Portland  in  October,  1H79,  with  Oen.  V.  S.  Grant  and  party,  thin  on  a 
tour  of  the  world.  The  ,S/.  Pau/  was  in  charge  of  M.  C.  Krskine,  captain  ;  \V.  laskine,  first  officer ;  H.  M.  I !  utiles, 
second  officer  ;  I,.  Cox,  chief  eiiKinecr  ;  Thomas  Hayes,  first  assistant.  The  .steanwhip  wa.s  owned  by  the  Alaska 
Commercial  Company,  and  was  a  handsome  little  pro|)eller,  two  hundred  and  twelve  feet  Iouk,  thirty-one  feet  lieam, 

and  seventeen  feet  hold,  with  engines 
twenty-four  and  forty-two  hy  thirty- 
six  inches.    The  steamship  .'//f'liiWc; 
/'««(■(!«,  a  ,VJ<>-t""  twin-screw  vessel, 
owned  l>y  R.  I).  Hume  of  San  l"ran- 
ci.sco,   came   north   in  July,   iS7(|,  in 
c  jminand  of  Capt.  James  Carroll,  and 
commenced   ruunin>;  in  the  ccmstin|{ 
trade  north  and  .south  from  the  Colnni- 
Ilia  River,  K(>i"K  '"  Slioalwaler  Day, 
(iray's    Harhor,   N'icloria,     Nanaiiuo, 
I'ort  Townsend  and  Suat:!e,  and  also 
making  a  monthly  trip  to  T'laniouk, 
Ya(|uina,  Siuslaw,  Umpqtiu,  Coos  Hay 
and  Rogue  River.     Steamships  plying 
to  Victorio   and    I'UKet   Sound   [Kirts 
during  the  year  were  the  .iltiskii.  Cap- 
tains Morse  and  Seabury  ;    Califoniia, 
Captain  Thorn ;    City  of  Chester,  Captain   Mackie ;    Dakota,  Captain    Morse ;    Empire,  Captain    McAUep ;    an<l 
Victoria,  Captain    Hay  ward.      The   latter  was   the  old   steamship   liolivar,  which   had   lieen   cut   in   t.vo  and 
lengthened  eighty  feet,  making  her  dimensions :    length,  two  hundred  and  ninety-eight  feet ;   beam,  twenty-nine 
feet;   depth  of  hold,  twenty  feet.     She  arrived  at  Victoria  on  her  first  trip  March  19th  in  command  of  Captain 
Lyons,  formerly  of  the  Prince  Al/red.     She  was  owned  by  Goodall,  Nelson  &  Perkins,  and  continued  on  the 
northern  routes  until  Novemlier,  1883,  when  she  was  wrecked  near  Cape  Blanco.     The  steamer  t(Wi/(i«//«(' was 
chartered  by  the  United  States  ICngineers  for  surveying  purposes  and  was  in  that  service  for  several  weeks. 

The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  after  enjoying  nearly  a  score  of  years  of  prosperity  nnparalkled 
in  the  annals  of  steam  navigation,  pa.ssed  out  of  existence  in  1879  and  was  succeeded  by  the  Oregon  Railway  cS: 
Navigation  Company,  incorporated  June  14,  1879,  with  a  capitalization  of  $6,oi>o,ooo,  divided  into  shares  ol  Juki 
each.  The  original  incorporators  were  Henry  Villard,  James  H.  Fry,  A.  H.  Holmes,  Chris  Bors,  W.  H.  Starl)nck 
and  Charles  Iv  Brotherton  of  New  York,  H.  W.  Corliett,  C.  H.  I<ewis,  J.  N.  Dolph,  Paul  vSchnlze  and  H.  Tliielscn 
of  Portland.  Henry  Villard  was  elected  president,  J.  N.  Dolph,  vice-president,  and  G.  H.  Andrews,  secretary, 
The  transfer  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  property  was  made  July  i.st,  and  H.  W.  Corbett,  J.  N.  Dolph  and 
R.  Koehler  were  elected  directors  in  place  of  W.  S.  I.add,  Waller  Tliomp.son  and  (ieorgej.  Ainsworth.  The 
work  of  combining  these  gigantic  interests  under  one  management  consumed  many  months.  Preliminary  to  the 
grand  finale  the  Willamette  Transportation  &  Locks  Company  purchased  the  steamers  S.  T.  Chunh  and 
McMiiinville  from  the  People's  Protective  Transportation  Company  in  January,  and  a  few  days  later  translirred 
to  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  the  entire  fleet,  which  included  the  steamers  Wide  lies/,  /■miiia 
llavivard,  .S".  G.  Reed,  Ihmita,  Pixie  riiompson.  IVelcome,  K.  R.  Thompson,  Mountain  Queen,  Idaho,  J/ninsI 
(Jueen,  John  Gates,  Annie  /'axon.  Spokane,  iVew  Tenino,  AIniota,  Willamette  Chief,  Orient,  Occident,  /loiimna, 
Champion,  Governor  Grover,  Alice,  Ocklahama,  /i.  N.  Cook,  /■'annie  Ration,  S.  '/'.  Church  and  A/cAfinnville,  baizes 
Columbia,    Columbia's  Chief  and   Autocrat.     The   only   steamer   built    in    1879   prior   to   the   transfer   was  the 

D.  S.  Baker,  constructed  at  Celilo.  The  Raker  was  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  feet  long,  twenty-.seven  feet  luam, 
and  five  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  seventeen  by  .seventy-two  inches.  SI'?*  *eniained  on  the  upper  rivtr  in 
command  of  Captains  Gray  and  Baughman  until  1888,  when  Captain  Troup  brought  her  down  over  Tumw.iter, 
June  i,sth.  John  McNulty  and  Fred  Wilson  operated  heron  the  middle  river  until  iSg,-?,  when  she  was  t^iken 
over  the  Cascades  by  Captain  Martineau,  leaving  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  without  a  boat 
between  The  Dalles  and  Cascades.  A  few  months  later  an  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to  take  her  back  tc  this 
field,  and  since  that  time  she  has  been  engaged  in  towing  on  the  lower  river.  Frank  T.  Dodge  was  the  first  jiort 
captain  of  the  new  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  holding  that  position  for  several  years.  Tht  iiP"' 
steamer  .S'.  G.  Reed  was  started  on  the  lower  river  route  as  a  seaside  boat,  in  charge  of  Richard  Hoyt,  ca)  m 

E.  J.  Moody,  first  officer  ;  A.  K.  Dierdorflf,  chief  engineer;  W.  G.  Dillingham,  purser. 


Modern  Prnpvllvr  Stoamships  Appear,  Orvynn  R:tilwBy  tj  Navigat'  in  Company  Incorporated 


269 


A  imin)>er  of  small  .stcaniers  a)i|ienri  '  on  the  VVillainettc  niul  Columliin  in  1M79,  none  of  tlicni  of  any  Kri-at 
imixiM.iiifc.  Tllf  C/V»/('»(i/  Custtr,  ii  liltic  pro|)e!'vr  with  a  six  liy  six  inoli  i-nKini',  wiim  liinnchcd  at  Antoria  l>y 
K.  V,  Jiii-kson  mill  ran  on  tlu-  lower  CoUlint)ia  and  Shoalwnter  May  for  several  years.  The  steamer  lloiiard 
was  Imilt  at  I,ake  River  hy  I'.  11.  Perkins,  anil  the  Miif>Hil  at  Ca|ie  Hani'ock  liy  Capt.  J.  I).  Mnnson,  l''re(l  S. 
Miiii--  11 '  workinK  with  her  as  etiKineer.  Two  small  pro|iellers,  the  /'i>//i' anil  the  .liinii-,  were  hroiiKht  np  from 
Siiii  iTaiK'isoo,  anil  a  similar  craft,  the  /.ml/a,  was  -oiistructeil  at  Astoria.  The  C/cirA/;/./,  a  small  siilewllceler, 
was  cniiipleted  at  Portland  by  (">.  W.  Simmons.  She  rhaiiKed  owners  and  masters  ipiite  freipiently,  and  during 
her  I'iiieer  on  the  river  was  in  charge  of  Sherman  I),  lirown.'"  John  Nelson  and  W.  \V.  Nelson.  She  was  sent 
to  Vaijiiina  Hay  ahont  18.S4.  There  an  historic  steam  schooner,  the  A'a/c  am/  .htna,  was  set  afloat  in  1N79  liy  Capt. 
CImrlis  l.ntjens,  and  was  employed  principally  in  sealinK.  A  further  account  of  her  exploits  will  lie  found  in 
the  (cimUiding  chapters  of  this  work  relating  to  that  industry.  At  lunpire  City,  R.  C,  Conies"  ciiiistriicted 
llic  NUainer  llirthtt  a.'nl  oi>erateil  her  for  many  years,  Andrew  J  Hall,'' Joseph  Ilorliert "  and  other  Cimis  Hay 
marine  men  .serving  with  her.  Charles  A.  Winchester  hnilt  the  small  pmiieller  \\'ii\/>  at  Marshfield.  The 
W'tHOiia,  another  diminntive  propeller,  apiieared  at  (iardiner  in  1879.  Two  steam  ferry-boats  were  Imilt  at 
Portland,  the  O.  &  ('.  A'.  A'.  A'l).  .<  by  the  Oregon  iSc  California  Railroad  Coinpiny  and  the  I'l/o  by  Capt. 
\V.  II  I'oster,"  the  /M/  at  Wallula  by  H.  W.  Ilodgis,  and  the  W'esh-m  Qiinii  at  The  Dalles  by  I,.  P.  Jensen. 
.\mc)iin  the  well  known  vcs.sels  which  pas.se(l  ont  of  existence  in  1S71J  were  the  stcam.ships  /<>//«  /..  .S7<///c«.t 
,iiiii  Oii/lamnu,  and  the  river  .steamers  NorlhursI  and  l.uikiiimule  Chuj  1  he  (hiuaid  was  sent  to  the  Sonnil. 
The  hull  of  the  Otvyhee,  which  Capt.  I'red  Wilson  had  brought  over  Tumwii'i.  Kapids  in  1H7H,  was  floated  down 
to  The  Dalles  by  William  Johnston  and  converted  into  a  wood  barge.  C  ptnin  Flanders  resigned  his  (Misition  as 
iiis|)ector  of  hulls  in  August,  1879,  and  John  P.  Ward  was  appointed 
ti)  fill  llie  vacancy. 

Seattle  .shipbuilders  turned  out  two  fine  ste.imers  in  i«7y. 
the  lifsl  of  thoir  ci.'SS  which  had  yet  lieen  constructed  at  that 
point.  The  siiiewneeler  (icofj^e  A'.  Starr  was  launched  at  .Seattle, 
Align- 1  12th,  for  the  .Starr  line  by  J.  K.  T.  Mitchell,  making  her 
trial  liip  October  14th  in  charge  of  Capt.  Charles  Clancey  and 
luiRineer  Van  Tassell.  The  Slarr  was  one  hundred  ami  fifty-four 
feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  lieam,  and  nine  feet  hold,  with  a  lieani 
engine  thirty  by  ninety-six  inches.  .She  performed  excellent  .service 
on  all  the  Sound  routes  for  ten  years,  and  was  commanded  at 
different  times  by  Wilson,  .Morrison,  Rolicrts,  Oreen.*  Jordi.son,  tJrr, 

'  I'red  S.  Miinson,  cnKi'ieer,  whs  licirn  in  OyBlervillf,  U'lisli.,  in  i85i).  lie 
is  a  son  of  Ciipt.  J.  II.  Mnnson,  ami  lii'Kon  stennilioiitinK  witji  liini  on  tlir  Muxiiil 
ill  iS7t),  retniiiniiiK  for  three  yeiirs.  He  whs  Hfterwanl  on  the  /CmiHii  ffiivwtnii 
.mil .  //(.(•,  unci  was  enKint-er  on  a  niiinlier  of  small  sli-Hiners  out  of  .Astoria,  leaviiiK 
llicre  fur  OIK'  season  to  \!,n  on  tile  Chilail,  miming  to  .Maskn.  lie  next  went  to 
the  Siiiiiiil  with  the  I'liriliiH,  on  retiirniiiK  assisted  in  e<|iii|>|iinK  the  (Jiieiii  with 
iiiarliinery,  iiiiit  was  then  en^HKe'l  as  engineer  on  the  ll'iiiitiia. 

'"CH|it.  Sherman  II  llrown  was  born  in  Mnrysville,  Cul  ,  in  1.S66.  lie 
rei'eiveil  hii  eii^^ineer's  lieeiise  in  1HS2  and  a  year  later  was  jjiveii  ooniiiiHntl  of  the 
slianu  r  Clii'i-ldiiil,  tieiiiK  al  thai  time  tile  youngest  man  in  the  ilistriet  holiliiiK 
iii.isler's  [mpers.  lie  operated  the  C/frr/ii'ii/  for  a  few  years,  was  then  interested 
«ilh  his  father  in  the  steamer  Tritiiiii,  ami  aflerwaril  ran  the  Jellersoii  Street 
I'erry.  Captain  llrown  retired  from  the  water  Heveral  years  iiko  and  is  eii);aKeil 
ill  tile  real  estate  laisiiicss  in  I'ortlHiid. 

"Cnpt.  R.  C.  Cordesof  Marslilield,  Or.,  was  horn  nt  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in  l.S.si,  and  commenced  his  iiinrine  career  on  a  tUKhout 
(iwiiiil  hy  Ins  father  on  I.nke  Miclii),'nn.  lie  emigrated  to  Coos  Hay  in  i.S7c),  and  ran  as  engineer  on  the  Hiilhii  nearly  twelve  years. 
He  ai'lirward  hnilt  and  ran  a  sniall  steamer  on  Coos  Kiver,  hut  is  now  i>iit  of  the  service. 

''.\iidre«  J.  Hall,  master  and  enijineer,  whs  horn  in  I'olk  County,  Dr..  in  iShj,  and  iiiiderloiik  his  first  marine  work  on  Coos 
Buy  ill  1S7S  as  lireman  on  the  steamer  .I/J'.sM'Wi;,; .  lie  was  next  eii^jaKed  on  the  steamer  ( "ixx,  Hoiii^  from  her  to  the  Hvillui,  where 
liesiivid  as  engineer  for  three  years.  The  Mink  ami  .l/i7//c  weie  his  next  steamers,  and  he  left  the  latter  to  take  char^te  of  the 
f '''<».(.  lie  also  commanded  the  ./««/c,  and  has  served  on  the  liar  tii^js  Hstoii,  /u'tu/t'.\s  and  Sii/  '/'/itinnts.  He  was  master  of  the 
slfiiMu-i  Cumin  \   for  a  year  and  has  recently  held  a  similar  position  on  the  .  lliil. 

"Capt.  Joseph  Herbert  of  TaeoiKa,  Wash.,  v  is  born  in  Iliibliii  in  iS.)}  and  lic^aii  steainboatiii>t  on  Coos  Htiy  in  1K79.  He  was 
iin  llii  stianier  Shiibiiik  with  Captain  Crosby  for  a  lon^;  time,  and  from  her  went  to  rajjet  Sound,  where  he  has  since  been  connected 
with  ;i  iuiinl>er  of  sniall  steamers.  He  was  master  of  the  /i'.vc/i/i/hc,  burned  in  Norili  Hay  in  1.S91,  and  has  since  had  charge  of  the 
sUMiiur  luivorili: 

"Cant.  W.  H.  Foster  was  horn  in  Wisconsin  in  1S45  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1H5.1,  sailing  out  of  .Sail  I'rancisco  on 
tlK-  >lii|)  I'nli/'ioHin  that  vear  on  a  whaling  voyage.  He  came  north  in  1.S72,  was  in  charge  of  the  Stark  Street  I'erry  lor  a  few  years, 
anil  Ihi'ii  purchased  the  ferryboat  Siilim  .Vn.  j  anil  placed  her  on  the  Vancouver  I'Vrry  route,  where  lie  ran  her  for  about  five  years. 
Ill  tin-  tiieantime  he  hnilt  the  steamers  I'lfo  A'li.  /  and  I'l'/o  Xo.  J,  selling  the  former  to  the  JeHersoii  .Street  h'erry  Company.  With 
Jiilui  II.  Moore  he  purchased  the  .Salem  I'erry  ahont  i.SSi  ami  two  years  later  tile  Albina  I'erry.  In  1.S.S6  he  disposed  of  ilie 
VaikMiver  I'erry  to  the  Portland  .V  Vancouver  Railway  C(im|iaiiy,  afterward  lecoiislrnctiiiK  the  .-llbina  .\i>.  j  and  Vrlo  \i>.  .'. 
He  is  it  present  in  charj^e  of  the  It'.  S.  Jfiison,  operated  by  the  city  of  Portland  as  a  free  ferry.  The  Mason  was  built  by  John  I'. 
Steffi  a  from  designs  by  Captain  poster. 

'Capt.  I.eander  Green  of  Hamilton,  Wash.,  was  born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1S47  and  arrived  on  Pn^et  Sound  about  1S77. 
He  w.is  first  en^a^^cd  on  the  steniner  Wenttt,  of  which  he  was  third  owner,  and  was  afterwanl  emjiloyed  on  the  Joavphine^  H't'/niint' 
anil  .\' ///('.  He  was  in  the  service  of  the  (lrc({on  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  for  about  nine  years  as  master  011  the  /ilalio, 
h.mii: ,  llayward  and  Sehome.  His  last  coinmand  on  the  Sound  was  the  steamship  Eastern  Oiri;on,  with  which  he  was  connected 
uulil    he  burned  at  Olympia.     Since  that  time  he  has  been  living  on  a  farm  near  llauiilton. 


Cai'T.  Siikrman  r>   nitnWN 


.  1 

m 


..1' 


rif 


2  70 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwest 


McAlpine  '''  and  other  well  known  Sonnd  captains.  She  was  relegated  to  the  rear  when  the  .Uaskan  and  ( Vi  mfiian 
appeared,  and  was  nsed  as  an  extra  boat  until  1892,  when  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  siiit  her 
to  Astoria  and  operated  her  01.  Jie  Ilwaco  ronte  in  connection  with  their  river  steamers,  Capt.  R.  K.  Howes 
having  charge.  She  was  not  a  success  in  this  field,  and  a  few  months  later  was  secured  by  Capl.  K.  G. 
Baughman,'"  Kngineer  C.  W.  Snyder  and  Ben  Brierly  of  Seattle,  who  took  her  back  to  the  Sound  and  joined  forces 
with  D.  B.  Jack.son  in  organizing  the  Northwestern  Steam.ship  Company,  in  whose  .service  she  has  since  been 
operated  on  the  Port  Townsend  route  by  way  of  the  mill  ports,  making  occasional  trips  to  Victoria  in  place  of  the 
Rosalie.     In  this  service  she  is  handled  by  Captains  Baughman  and  Williamson,  with  Everett  B.  Coffin,''  iiilot. 

The  Cass/tir,  a  sternwheel  steamer  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet  long,  twenty-six  feet  beam,  and  four  nml 
one-half  feet  hold,  was  launched  at  Seattle  for  the  Stickeen  River  trade.  McKenzie  &  Martin  were  the 
builders,  and  Nat  H.  Lane,  Jr.,  took  command,  with  Robert  Moran,  chief  engineer,  and  Pratt,  assistant.  The 
f '(r.<i/(t;- had  a  draft  of  less  that  sixteen  inches  light,  and,  with  engines  sixteen  by  seventy-two  inches  turning  a 
twenty-foot  wheel,  she  was  well  equipped  for  the  trade  for  which  .she  was  intended.  She  was  registered  niuler 
the  British  flag  the  following  year  and  .sent  to  the  Fraser,  where  she  p.irticipated  in  some  fierce  compelilion. 
J.  K.  T.  Mitchell  constructed  the  small  twin  propeller  Siisi'f  for  Capt.  Hiram  Olney  at  Seattle,  launching  her 
September  loth.  The  i\'ipluiii\  a  steamer  a  trifle  smaller  than  the  Susie,  was  also  completed.  The  rapid 
increa.se  in  the  luimber  of  steamers  during  the  ten  years  preceding  1879  is  shown  in  the  list  registered  in  the 
Puget  Sound  district  that  year:  .-l/tiiie  S/e:ciir/.  .UiJa,  Addie,  lilakely,  Colfax.  C/ieha/is.  Cyrus  M'a/ker,  Cassiur. 
Cornel.  Pespaleh,  Favorile  (tug),  Favorile  (passenger  steamer),  Fanny  Lake.  Holiali.  Cieni,  James  Morlie,  Josephine. 

J.  /}.  IJhby.  A/esseni;er,  A'el- 
lie.  A'oHli  Paei/ie.  Old  .Selller. 
Polilko/sky,  Phanlom.  Ruby. 
SI.  Palrick,  S.  L.  Mosliek. 
Susie,  Siieeess,  Taeoma.  Yak- 
ima, y.epliyr.  C  'apilal,  (  elito, 
Minnie  .Vay,  Nephine  and 
Teaser.  The  small  stern- 
wheel  steamer  SI.  .Uidioel 
made  regular  trips  011  the 
Yukon  River  in  charge  of 
Capt.  Peter  M.  Anderson'' 
in  1S79.  The  niac'iiiiery 
from  the  old  steamer  IHiuk 
Diamond  was  removed  and 
the  hull  converted  into  a 
schooner.  The  l.innie  was 
broken  up  by  the  Port 
Blakel}'  Mill  Company  in 
June,  the  U'eiial  shared  the 
same  fate,  and  the  /./Wr  was 
retired  from  .service  and  lier 

furniture  transferred  to  the  Chelialis.  The  owners  of  the  /'olilkol'sky  am\  the  Pnby  became  financially  involved, 
and  the  .steamers  passed  into  the  hands  of  Dexter  Horton  &  Co.  for  a  consideration  of  $5,900  and  Ji.i.io 
respectively.  The  tug  Mary  Taylor  was  taken  1)>  Captain  Keene  to  the  Columbia,  where  Captain  W'ass  assiiined 
command  and  operated  her  as  a  tender  in  the  construction  of  the  Tillamook  lighthouse. 


STKAMKK    "(iKt 


''Capt.  .\.  N.  Mc.Mpiiie  is  a  native  of  Yarinoiitli,  Ontario,  and  came  to  Pn^et  Sound  in  1.S77.  He  hegan  steanil)oalin>;  mi  the 
steamer  Xellie.  afterward  entered  the  service  of  the  ( )rcgon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  ami  had  cunimanil  at  diirereiit  tuius  of 
alt  of  tiieir  steamers  on  the  Sound  He  accptired  eonsiderahle  notoriety  ill  I>Sqi,  while  master  of  the  Olymputii,  thriMij;h  a 
iiiisuiiderstandiiig  with  the  first  a.ssistanl  engineer.  Tile  difliculty  was  not  adjusted  until  every  steamer  of  any  proiniiience  on  I'ligel 
Sound  was  lietl  up. 

"Capt.  v..  <■>.  Iiaiii;liinaii  was  horn  in  OreKon  in  18,19,  ""d  eomiiiencc<l  steamlioaling  on  the  Sound  .is  a  deckhaml  on  the 
steamer  /.efthvr  in  1.S81.  altlionj^h  he  had  previously  had  considerahle  experience  on  the  Columbia  River.  .-Vfler  leaving  the  /■  f^hyr 
he  was  mate  on  the  steamers  Chchalis,  Cily  0/'  Oiiiiiiv,  ll'iishiHi;loii.  H'.  F.  .Miinioe,  all  of  which,  with  the  exception  of  the  Llhlndis, 
he  afterw.ir'l  comniatided.  His  first  position  as  master  was  on  the  steamer  .Shoo  Fly,  K"i"K  from  her  to  the  W.  A'.  .Menvin.  lie  was 
master  of  the  steamer  Fliza  .Andrmtn  for  three  years,  and  was  also  on  the  I'reiiiier  (m  a  short  time.  He  was  pilot  on  the  (  ./r  I'f 
.Seallle  for  over  two  years.  When  the  rnioii  Pacific  withdrew  the  (^eoige  /•,'.  .S/iirr  from  the  Ilwaco  route.  Captain  liann'""'"'  «ent 
to  Portland  and  took  her  hack  to  the  Sound,  and  when  Capt.  I).  H.  Jackson  organi/ed  the  Northwestern  Steamship  Coiiipaiu .  ami 
secured  the  H/arr.  HaiiKliniau  went  with  her  and  has  since  had  eoininaiid. 

"  Capt  Ivverett  I!.  Collin  of  Seattle,  Wash  ,  was  horn  at  Nantucket,  M.ass.,  in  1865,  ami  naturally  enough  began  goiui; 
when  a  hoy.  He  sailed  for  several  years  in  the  coasting,  .Vtlantic  and  whaling  Ir.-ide,  and  ill  1.SS7  came  to  Puget  ,Soun(l,  wli 
joined  the  tug  Cyriis  Walker,  afterward  serving  on  a  number  of  well  known  steamers.  When  the  Northwestern  Steam.ship  C"' 
was  organized  lie  was  api)oitited  pilot  of  their  steamer  Idoho,  with  which  he  has  since  remained, 

'"Capt.  Peter  M.  .\nderson  was  born  in  Norwav  in  1.847,  and  began  coasting  out  of  Sail  Francisco  about  1875.  In  i 
was  appointe<l  master  of  the  tug  .ll/>ha  of  , San  Praiicisco,  In  1S79  he  went  to  the  Vnkoii  River  in  charge  of  the  sternw 
SI.  Michael,  and  remained  there  for  three  years.  On  his  return  he  went  to  Santa  Monica  Itay,  where  he  ran  a  small  steamer 
the  boom.     Since  1890  he  has  had  command  of  the  lug  Tiaiuil  at  San  prancisco. 


sea 
he 
tliy 

he 
.■ler 


ifl 


Modern  Propeller  Steamships  /Appear,  Oregon  Railway  cj  Navigation  Company  Incorporated 


271 


I'lie  handsome  Olyiiipia,  which  liad  played  such  an  important  part  in  early  marine  affairs  on  I'uget  Sound, 
made  'ler  last  trip  under  the  old  name  June  28,    1879,  appearing  the   following   day    as   the  Princess   l.oitisf, 
regisUiiig  from  the  port  of   London       The  change  had  been  advertised  for  six  weeks,   and  the  steamer  was 
starte<i  on  the  route  to  VVrangel  in  place  of  the  Enterprise,  which   returned  to  the  Westminster  run.      The 
\Viho<.   C.    Hunt  was  extensively    repaired    and   continued   in  the  Kraser  River  trade.     Capt.  William  Moore 
laniiclKilthesteruwheeler  Westnn  Slope  in  May  for  the  Stickeen  River.    The  Slope  was  one  hundred  and  fifty-five 
feetliin^;,  twenty-six  feet  beam,  and  eight  and  one-half  feet  hold,  with  engines  twenty  l)ysixt>  inches.     She  left 
VictoiKi  0:1  her  first  trip  May  26th  in  command  of  Capt.  William  Meyer  "  and  lingineer  John  Patterson,'"  carrying 
j8o  tons  of  freight,  2(X)  passengers  and  60  head  of  cattle.     A  year 
latei  Moore  took  the  steamer  to  the  Kra.ser,  where  she  ran  until  1H.S2, 
when  111.'  became  financiallv  involved,  and  in  January,  iS.S,-^.  she  was 
sold  at  auction  to  Capt.  John  Irving,  who  afterward  turned  her  over  to 
llie  C.iiiadian  Pacific  Navigation  Com])aiiy.  and  in  their  service  she 
ended  her  days  in  the  latter  part  of  tlie  eighties.     The  machinery  was 
removed  in  January,  1.S91,  and  the  hull  converted  into  a  barge.     The 
mail  eoiitract  from  Victoria  to  New  Westminster  was  let  to  the  Hud- 
son's liay  Comjiany,  and  from  the  latter  ])oint  to  Vale  it  was  handled 
by  Ca|it.  John  Irving.     The  up-river  steamers  I'ldoria  and  l-.uterprise 
were  |nirchased  by  Capt.  John  Irving  and  Robert  Mcl.eese  of  Soda 
Creek.     The  first  propeller  built  on  the  lower  Fraser  was  launched  at 
Westminster.  April  22d,  and  was  christened  the  I'riiiirss  Iconise,  Jr. 
She  was  fifty-seven  feet  long,  eleven  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  and 
was  liinight  in   18.S2  for  the  missionary  service  in  .Maska.     Another 
small  iiropeller,  the  Slcidef;iile,  which  is  still  in  service,  was  launched 
.\pril  7th  as  a  tender  for  the  cannery  at  (jueen  Charlotte's  Island. 
.She  was  seventy-six  feet  long,  fifteen  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold.     A 
small  sidewheeler,  the   Ada.  was   operated   on   the   Fraser  by  Capt. 
James    Robinson,  with    William    Sommerville,  '   engineer.      Captain 
Irvine's  steamer  (ilrnoni  struck  on  a  rock  a  short  distance  above  the 
montli  of   Harrison   River  in   December  and   became  almost  a   total 
wreck.     She  had  been   up  the  river  for  the  purpo.se  of   helping  the 
AV//ii'/(C  off  a  liai.     The  latter  steamer  was  clo.se  behind  and  at  once 
took  oil"  the  pas.sengers  and  crew  and  .secured  the  furniture  anil  cabin  fittings.     The  steamer  Cheloii.  built  for  the 
like  of  that  name,  was  completed  in  the  fall  of  1871)  and  made  her  trial  trip  Xovember  24th.     She  was  a  small 
craft,  less  than  sixty  feet  in  length,  with  ten  feet  beam,  and  four  and  oneha'f  feet  hold. 

The  United  States  steamer  Jeannetlr.  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  I)e  Long  and  Chief  ICngineer  Melville,  .sailed 
from  .Sail  Franci.sco  in  August,  1S79,  on  an  Arctic  exploring  expedition  destined  for  a  fate,  the  horrors  of  which 
made  humanity  shudder.  The  fearful  talc  of  suffering,  starvation,  catniibali.sm  and  death  is  too  well  known  to 
reiiuiie  extended  mention  in  this  work.  The  /eon iir/lr  was  crushed  in  the  ice  pack  in  latitude  77°  15'  north  and 
longitude  i'  5' east,  and  the  few  who  esca])cd  the  terrible  death  from  starvation  and  cold  reached  civilization 
months  afterward  with  health  or  reason  shattered  by  the  awful  experience  tlie_\-  had  undergone.  The  riiited 
States  steamer  .llliitinr.  which  was  .sent  iVoiii  Norfolk,  \'a..  to  search  for  the  JetviiieUe  in  1881  approached  within 
iyo  miles  of  the  pole,  the  highest  altitude  ever  reached  by  a  Go\eriinient  vessel. 

The  Olympus,  the  largest  single-decker  in  the  world  and  the  finest  sailing  vessel  ever  built  on  Pugct 
Sonnd.  was  launched  at  Seabeck.  August  Jist,  by  Hiram  Doncaster.     She  was  two  hundred  and  thirty-seven  feet 


C.  n.xn.iiMAN 


'Capt.  William  Meyer  \v;is  lK)rn  in  luTuiatty  in  is.so.  anil,  after  siMtarin^  in  various  parts  of  the  worlil,  arrived  nt  Victoria 
i'l  cliai'^i'  of  tlic  liark  'Ulilhi  with  a  i-arHo  of  water  pijie.  the  lirst  reieiveil  lu  llie  oily.  Hie  liark  ran  into  Ivsciuiiuali  llarlmr  iliiriiiK 
.1  ^iiltt  :oiil  was  ohli^ei'  'n  cut  away  the  masts  to  keep  otf  the  rocks.  Wltilc  aw.iilMiH  rep.airs  Captain  Mc\cr  hccaiuc  iic(]iiainte(l  with 
.Miss  lUnricttii  Moore,  a  claunhter  of  llic  well  kiiovvn  steaiiilioatmaii.  ami  licforc  leaving;  marrieil  licr.  Tlie  /•.'>/< //.i  loaileil  spars  at 
risiil.iil\  fur  the  Cj»;)c  of  tloinl  Hope,  aihl  after  takiiiy^  her  rtmtul  the  world  a^  lin  Cajitaiu  Meyer  returned  to  X'ictoria  ami  l)e}.;aii 
-Icauilicitinu  "ith  his  lalher  in  law.  When  Moore  lelireil  from  the  business.  Captain  Meyer  entered  the  service  of  the  Canailian 
r.u'ilii'  Navi^jation  Cont]  .iii>',  with  whom  he  has  since  remaiuetl,  most  of  the  time  in  command  of  the  ste.'iinship  /),tfiulu-  on  the 
iinrtlifiii  nniles.  with  i  ci'asion.il  trips  to  the  Columhia  River,  llefnre  entering  the  Canadian  I'acilic  Navigation  Company's  employ 
lie  \v,i«  III  charge  of  the  Ciopflei  for  some  time.  In  adilitioii  to  lieiiiH  a  skillful  navinalor.  Captain  Mever  is  an  aiilhoritv  011  marine 
l.iw.  an. I,  while  en^.i^ed  in  carryiii)^  Chinamen  hetween  \'aucnuver.  It.  C.  anil  the  Cohiiuhia  River  willi  the  Potinhr,  astonished  the 
.^iiierii  01  customs  officials,  who  sou^lit  to  detain  his  sti'amer  im  technical  charj^es,  liy  sleamin;;  holdly  out  of  pnrt  whenever  his 
*liip  Hi,  ready  for  sea.  rejjardless  of  the  wishes  of  the  oflicials. 

John  Patterson,  euHineer,  of  Nelson.  1!.  C,  was  horn  in  I)dinliuri.;li  in  1840.  and  his  lirst  murine  experience  was  on  the 
p  .!/(///[/.  He  came  to  New  Westminsier  in  1S7S  and  ran  for  a  sluirt  time  on  the  tn^  . /A' r(/;/(/f';-  with  Cajitaiii  t'npdiart. 
he  fitled  out  the  steamer   ll'r\/eiu  S/o/ff',  ^i(»in^  with  her   to    .Alaska.      He  was  afterward  eu^a^jed  on  a  nnmlier  of  well 

known    learners  in  Ilritisli  Colnmliia  w.iters.     .\  few  years  a^o  he  he),'au  rniiniu);  on  the  upper  ColiMiihia  and  lakes,  and  is  at  present 

inj;iii(.     anil  part  owner  of  llie  steamer  .liinuoflii  on   Kootenai  Lake. 

William  .Somnwrviile,  engineer,  of  Victoria,  was  horn  in  Scotland  in  iS|()anil  came  to  Ilritisli  Columhia  ill  1S71).  He 
was  lir- 1  iiti  the  sidewheel  steamer  .  Ida  on  the  I-raser,  from  there  went  as  second  engineer  on  (he  tn>;  Pilot,  and  was  snh.seqnenliy 
I'liiefiv;  the  ti'i<i:ii  and  afterward  a  ve.ir  on  the  (  V/,( .  lie  was  also  second  eiiniueer  on  the  t'liiiuss  t.oiiise  and  lilizxibedi  It  ling 
ami  ch  .  I  oil  ihe  W'illmtii  /i.iii!;,    )'iisiiiiili\  llof>,\  (oii/ioo  aihl  /•'Iv,   . /A  ri/«i/.  /  and  several  others. 


steam 
hi  IS- 


■'i    «!  fi 


I 


'  !■" 


I-M 


a7« 


Z.eic;s  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


long,  forty-four  feet  beam,  seventeen  feet  hold,  and  could  sail  like  a  yacht,  carrying  an  immense  cargo.  Hall 
Brothers'  shipyard  at  Port  Ludlow  had  attained  more  than  a  local  reputation  for  the  class  of  work  which 
was  being  turned  out,  and  the  several  vessels  constructed  by  them  for  Hawaiian  parties  in  precedir.g  years  were 
followed  in  1879  by  the  steamer /rtwc?  .I/'iXw,  of  244  tons  register,  and  the  schooner  A/a/o/o,  133  tons.  Tht  Afakee 
was  schooner  rigged,  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  long,  twenty-six  feet  beam,  and  ten  feet  hold,  with  eiifjines 
eleven  and  twenty  by  eighteen  inches,  and  was  taken  to  the  Islands  by  Capt.  VV.  T.  Godfrey.  The  scliooiitr 
Emily  Stevens,  eighty-seven  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  eight  feet  hold,  was  launched  at  Westport.  Or., 
by  Capt.  Alexander  Henderson  for  halibut  fishing,  and  the  schooner  Santa  A'osa,  29.45  tons,  was  built 
at  Marshfield,  Or.  The  Seattle  coal  trade  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  a  good-sized  fleet  of  ves.sels  found 
profitable  employment  in  handling  it.  Shipments  for  May,  1879,  were  as  follows:  ships  Gn-at  Westcin  2,[-j(, 
tons,  Majestic  1,904,  F.ldoiado  1,877  '•  barks  /J2:ic  Williams  i,,'?27,  .liireola  1,361,  Harvest  Home  1,013,  Gem  0/ 
the  Ocean  998,  Whistler  795;  barkentines  Modoc  632,  Web/oot  596,  and  schooner  Excelsior  503.  The  latter 
was  sailing  in  the  Wells  line  between  San  Francisco  and  Seattle.  Other  vessels  in  the  same  service  were  the 
schooners  AV/fJ/'/f/',  Cowwcr  and  Hiieneme.  Kngaged  in  the  Northwestern  fleet  in  1879  were  five  Alaskas  and 
four  Californias.  The  former  included  a  Port  Townsend  fi.shing  .schooner,  a  Pacific  Mail  steamship,  a  sailing  ship 
in  the  Seattle  and  San  Francisco  coal  trade,  a  whaling  bark  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  and  a  United  .Stales 
man-of-war  at  Sitka.     The  Californias  were  a  propeller,  a  schooner,  a  bark  and  a  man-of-war.     On  retiring  from 

the  Oregon  vSteira  Naviga- 
tion Company,  Captain  Ains- 
worth  purcha.sed  the  barks 
Colo  ma  and  Alden  Besst, 
engaged  in  the  China  trade. 
The  bark  Juhi'ard  /ames  was 
bought  by  Henry  Cornwall 
and  put  under  the  Hawaiian 
flag  under  the  name  /,///«. 

The  Columbia  River 
grain  fleet  for  1879  was 
composed  of  .seventy-nine 
ves.sels  ;  thirty-tliree  liritLsh 
ships,  thirty  Hritish  barks, 
eleven  American  ships,  three 
American  and  two  Norwe- 
gian barks.  The  largest 
was  the  British  ship  /'riiur 
.hiiedes,  1, 602  tons;  the 
smallest.  Prince  /oroya.  38,; 
tons  Thirty-,seven  of  the 
vessels  were  over  1,1  hxi  tons 
register,  thirty-one  over 
1,100,  nineteen    over    i,2(xi, 

eleveti  over  1,300,  and  .seven  over  1,400.  They  carried  1,932,080  centals  of  wheat  and  209,098  barrels  of  flour, 
nearly  all  of  which  was  shipped  by  the  following  firms  :  Halfour,  Guthrie  &  Co,,  twenty-,seven  cargoes  ;  .Sihson. 
Church  &  Co.,  eleven  ;  Rodgers,  Meyer  iS:  Co.,  nine  ;  Henry  Hewett  &  Co.,  eight  ;  Allen  &  Lewis,  five  ;  G.  W. 
McNear,  nine  ;  J.  McCracken  and  Corbett  &  Macleay,  two  each,  and  M.  C.  Moore,  one.  Among  the  lleet  was 
the  American  bark  Annie  Johnson,  formerly  the  Hriti.sh  ship  .Ida  Iredale.  In  1876,  while  bound  from  Amirossan 
to  San  Francisco,  she  caught  fire  in  mid-ocean  and  was  abandoned.  The  hull  was  burning  when  siglittil  two 
days  later  and  was  not  seen  again  for  several  weeks.  In  December  she  was  again  reported  and  in  the  next  few 
months  was  discovered  .several  times,  and  nine  months  after  the  accident  the  craft  was  picked  up  2,3.s<>  niiles 
from  where  it  had  been  abandoned  and  towed  into  Papeete  on  the  Island  of  Tahiti  by  the  French  tnuisport 
Sciiiiiclav  stationed  there.  The  hull,  though  slightly  warped  with  the  heat,  was  found  to  be  in  good  onli  r.  It 
was  purchased  from  the  I'rench  Government  for  one  thousand  francs  by  James  Crawford  &  Co.  of  San  Francisco, 
who  repaired  the  vessel  and  registered  her  under  the  .\merican  flag.  Among  the  fast  passages  of  1879  w.i-^  that 
of  the  American  ^\\\\^  Jeremiah  '/'liompson,  Captain  Kirby,  which  arrived  at  Victoria  in  May,  twenty-four  (la\  ^  from 
Yokohama,  The  schooner  Malolo,  one  of  Hall  Brothers'  productions,  sailed  from  Cape  Flattery  to  Honolulu  in 
ten  and  one-half  days,  breaking  all  existing  records  until  another  from  the  same  yard,  the  barkentine  Cri'iiiiu- 
Sudden,  Captain  Ingalls,  sailed  the  same  distance  from  Honolulu  to  the  Cape  in  nine  days  and  thirteen  lioii 
There  were  few  marine  disasters  in  1 879  beside  the  wreck  of  the  (in at  /\'e/>n/ilic.  The  Hritish  bark  />'" 
Ambiadass,  Captain  Williams,  from  Shanghai  for  Moodyville,  was  lost  July  27th  on  the  west  coast  of  Van 
Island  about  five  miles  south  of  Cape  Heale  light  and  near  the  entrance  to  the  straits.  The  bark  came  up  ' 
a  dense  fog  and  at   1:45  .\.  m.,  as  the  .second  mate  was  preparing  to  tack,  she  struck  bow  on  and  imni' 


Stkamkh    '    WKsri;R.N   Sl.Ol-K."    I''KAS1:R    KlVKK 


rdtus 
ouver 
uriug 
lately 


Modern  Propeller  Steamships  Appear,  Oregon  Railway  <^  Navigation  Company  Incorporated 


273 


comm  need  to  leak  badly.  She  dragged  over  the  reef,  settling  hard  aground  in  a  little  cove  inshore,  and 
at  ila\  is'it  the  Indians  rescued  the  crew.  Captain  Spring,  who  was  at  Cape  Beale  with  the  Favorite,  went  to  the 
scent  ■!»!  took  the  crew,  sails,  etc.,  to  Victoria.  Tiie  wreck  was  sold  to  Henry  Saunders  for  i!i8o.  The  ship 
.I/rt/w  '«,  Capt.  P".  W.  Jordan,"  coal-laden  from  Departure  Bay  for  San  Francisco,  foundered  off  Cajie  Flattery, 
N'ovenil>er  Sth.  She  sailed  from  the  coal  port,  November  7th,  with  i,,soo  tons  of  cargo,  and  after  passing 
Flaltfiv  encountered  a  strong  southea.ster  with  a  heavy  cross  sea,  which  strained  the  ship  so  that  .she  l)egan  to 
leak  l).i<lly,  and  the  pumps  were  unable  to  keep  her  free.  The  water  continued  to  gain  on  the  crew,  and  on  the 
moriiini;  of  the  eighth  the  barometer  stood  at  29. ,',0.  Serious  consequences  were  anticipated  if  they  remained 
longer  uith  the  doomed  vessel.  Siie  was  accordingly  abandoned,  and  the  crew  boarded  the  Tam  O' Sluxnler,  which 
had  In '-■II  standing  by,  and  were  taken  to  San  Francisco.  The  position  of  the  vessel  was  48°  6'  noith  and  125°  40' 
west.  The  .schooner  Esllier  Co/os,  while  towing  out  of  Rogue  River,  October  21st,  .struck  heavi'y  011  the  bar  and 
tecaiiK-  a  total  lo.ss,  although  a  portion  of  her  salmon  cargo  was  saved.  The  American  siiip  tl'as/iiiii;/on  l.ibby 
WMS  wrecked  near  Port  Angeles,  July  23d. 

The  American  bark  Gem  of  the  Ocean,  Captain  Hawse,  from  Seattle  .'or  San  Francisco  with  coal,  struck  on 
the  west  coast  of  Vancouver  Island,  in  August,  about  eight  miles  southeast  of  Port  San  Juan,  and  was  reported 
:i  total  loss.  The  captain  and  crew  reached  Port  Townsend  in  a  small  boat.  The  l>rig  Timandra,  Captain 
Thomas,  from  Honolulu  to  Alaska  on  an  illegal  trading  expedition  with  three  thou.sand  {.mUoiis  of  rum,  went 
ashore  May  20th  on  Noiiuwak  Island.  The  mate  and  three  seamen  traveled  four  hundred  miles  in  a  small  l)oat 
to  Sitka,  Alaska,  where  the  Riiluud  Rush  was  stationed,  and  the  cutter  left  at  once  to  confiscate  the  cargo.  Some 
of  the  members  of  the  crew  were  taken  to  San  Franci.sco  by  the  steamer  .S7.  Paul,  Captain  Ivr.skine.  The 
mystery  surrounding  the  di.sappearance  of  the  .schooner  .Alaska,  while  tii  loulc  from  China  to  Burrard's  Inlet, 
;iii(l  which  had  been  missing  for  .several  years,  was  cleared  up  in  iS-y  by  the  confession  of  a  sailor  in 
Yokohama,  who  stated  that  wiiile  off  the  coast  of  Jap.in  the  crew  mutinied,  murdered  the  captain,  two  mates  and 
the  s\!|n.'rcargo,  and,  after  burning  the  .ship,  escaped  in  a  small  boat.  The  ship  Tabor,  which  arrived  at  Portland 
with  a  cargo  of  railroad  iron  from  Philadelphia,  collided  with  the  bark  (inieva  in  latitude  14°  south,  longitude 
32'  west,  April  17th,  and  the  bark  foundered  immediately.  The  Tabor  rescued  and  landed  the  crew  <  f  the  wrecked 
vessel  at  Rio  Janeiro.  The  British  ship  Alk\i>iaH<v  grounded  on  Sand  Island  while  sailing  in  but  vas  fortunately 
released  by  the  efforts  of  the  tugs  lirenham,  Astoria  and  Columbia, 
whose  owners  received  i^5,tx)o  salvage.     The  tug  A'(i//c  t'ccX',  Captain  . 

Parker,  came  up  from  Coos  Bay  in  May  under  charter  to  A.  Y.  Ham- 
ilton, who  used  her  in  an  unsuccessful  effort  to  float  the  City  of  Dublin. 

.-\inong  the  deaths  occurring  in  1.S79  were  Capt.  George  L. 
S([uires  of  the  steamer  Gussic  I'llfair,  at  San  Francisco,  February 
i;th  ;  Capt.  George  .Smith  of  the  steamer  City  of  Quinry,  drowned  in 
Lewis  River,  March  2.Sth  ;  Capt.  Benjamin  F.  Smith,  who  brought 
the  hrig  /■'raiirisro  round  the  Horn  in  1.S51,  at  Portland,  April  sth; 
H.  N.  Cook,  formerly  of  the  People's  Transportation  Company,  at 
Salem,  May  5th  ;  Capt.  J.  S.  Crocker,  for  a  short  time  bar  pilot  on 
the  Columbia,  at  Portland,  May  2()'cli  ;  Capt.  James  \V.  Foster  of  the 
hark  l>i»i  .Viiliolas,  at  San  F'-ancisco,  May  25th  ;  Capt.  George 
lirowiier  of  the  .lliila,  at  ,'iealtle,  July  13th;  and  Capt.  Clanrick 
Croshy,  formerly  of  the  AVrr  World,  at  Tumwater,  October  22d. 
Capt.  John  Hayes,  formeily  of  the  propeller  Caliloniia,  expired  sud- 
denly while  seated  at  dinner  on  the  revenue  cutter  Oliver  IVolrolt,  at 
P  jrt  Ti)wiiseiid,  May  26th  ;  and  Capt.  George  \V.  Bailey  of  the  rev- 
-ime  cutter  Richard  Rush  was  thrown  overboard  l»y  a  lurch  of  tlie 
vessel  and  drowned  off  Cape  Flattery,  October  i6th. 

The  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  whicli  at  the  present  time 
owns  and  operates  several  very  pretentious  steamers  in  tlie  North- 
west, ill  iS.So  built  ''  '      "'t       ■-■: ',  the  steamer  Frederick  K.  liilliniys, 

C.Al'l.    V.    W.    loKDAN 

wliicli  was  launched  at  Celilo.     Its   dimensions  were  :   length,   two 

hmiilrnl  feet ;  beam,  thirty-.seven  feet :  depth  of  hold,  six  feet,  with  engines  twenty  by  ninety-six  inclies.  Capt. 
\V.  1',  Cray  was  put  in  charge,  and  the  steamer  was  used  as  a  transfer  boat  at  Aiiisworlh  until  the  completion  of 
the  brilge,  afterward  performing  a  similar  duty  at  Pa.sco.  The  Ilillin^s  was  rebuilt  at  Celilo  in  i.SSs  and  at  Pasco 
in  iss,,,  and  is  still  in  good  repair,  although  there  is  but  little  business  for  water  craft  on  the  upper  river  at 

Ciipl,  1'.  W.  Jordan  whs  l)orn  in  Newton,  Mass.,  in  1S48,  and  has  l)et'n  engaged  in  the  niarinc  liu.sine.'is  since  lioyliood.  His 
first  tt.ih  WHS  in  llie  coasting  trade  iinl  of  Huston,  after  wliioli  lie  spent  several  months  on  an  Hast  Indianiaii.  lie  came  t  tile 
I'ai'ifii-  last  ill  1S73  as  chief  "fliccr  of  tlie  ship  ('ii//ir,t/oi,  which  he  left  in  San  I'rancisco,  and  fur  the  next  twenty  years  was 
ill  tile  N  Mihwestern  traile.  lie  took  coininanil  of  the  Miiniiioii  in  i>S74  and  remained  in  charge  until  she  foniulered  The  following 
ytiir  hi  IS  appointed  master  of  the  ship  llclridcre,  which  he  sailed  most  of  the  time  in  the  Naiiaimo  coal  trade  until  iSS6,  when  he 
look  'J:  i'i<iiimiuto)t\  with  which  he  remained  two  years.  The  new  steam  collier  Wclliiiglon  was  then  placed  in  liiv;  charge,  and 
tie  liiiii.  .  il  her  in  a  very  successful  manner  until  he  retired  from  the  coasting  service  a  few  years  ago  to  take  his  present  position  as 
'i;a  pil<     It  San  p'rancisco,  and  in  this  calling  has  made  fully  as  good  a  record  as  he  enjtiyed  on  the  liigh  seas. 


ii 


■:i  :r 


I" 

f. 


274 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


if 


present.  The  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  constructed  their  first  steamer,  the  f/assa/o,  at  Tin-  Dalles 
in  1880.  She  was  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  long,  thirty  feci  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  suMiiteen 
by  sixty  inches.  Capt.  Fred  Wilson,  first  in  commaud,  was  succeeded  by  H.  1'".  Coe.  Capt.  John  McNiilty  was 
in  charge  during  her  last  five  years  on  the  middle  river,  and  in  May,  i8,S8,  she  was  piloted  over  the  Cascailcs  bv 
Captain  Troup  at  a  stage  of  water  lower  than  when  any  other  steamer  except  the  Okanoxaii  had  atteiiijiii'il  the 
passage.  She  was  slightly  repaired  after  reaching  Portland  and  was  then  sent  to  the  Sound  in  charge  di  Capt. 
().  A.  Anderson,  and  on  arrival  was  .started  on  the  Dellingham  Hay  route.  She  remained  on  the  Sound  until 
i8cjj,  when  Capt.  Cyrus  Harriman  brought  her  back  to  the  Columbia.  Since  that  time  she  has  been  uiiiploytd 
principally  as  a  towboat.  With  the  exception  of  the  above,  there  were  few  additions  to  the  steam  fleet  un  the 
Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  in  1880.  The  Saliiii,  a  light-draft  sternwheeler  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet 
long,  twenty-nine  and  one-half  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  four  inches  depth  of  hold,  was  launched  at  Portland  for 
the  upper  Willamette  trade  and  began  running  in  command  of  Capt.  George  Raabe.  She  was  sold  in  iSS',  to 
Capt.  1{.  W.  Spencer,  who  rebuilt  her  and  operated  her  for  eight  years,  making  large  profits  whether  the 
steamer  was  running  or  tied  up.  When  freights  or  subsidies  were  not  liberal  enough  on  the  Willinietlc, 
Spencer  was  in  the  habit  of  taking  her  to  Astoria  and  olTering  to  tow  ships  at  such  sweeping  reductions  in 
rates  that  he  was  always  sure  of  .securing  a  good  bonus  to  retire.  In  1891  the  Salem  was  purcha.sed  by  Capt. 
George  W.  Taylor,  who  hiis  since  operated  her  on  the  upper  Willamette  and  in  jobbing  at  Portland.  The 
propeller  (iohi  />its/  was  launched  at  Portland  in  1880  by  Capt.  K.  W.  Spencer,  who  u.sed  her  on  the  Vancouver 
route,  making  two  round  trips  a  day.  She  was  withdrawn  in  August,  and  a  year  later  was  taken  up  over  tlie 
Cascades  to  run  in  comiection  with  the  steamer  FUehcood.     Spencer  soon  retired  her  on  a  subsidy,  and  in  1883 

she  was  purchased  by  Hoth- 
wick  &  Frain,  proprietors  of 
the  Cascade  Lumbering  Com- 
pany. On  May  25,  iS,S4,  she 
was  taken  over  the  Cascades 
by  Captain  Martineau  ami 
Ivugiueer  St.  Martin.  Iv  H. 
F'ellows.  George  Adams  and 
J.  Jenkins  were  also  on 
board  at  the  lime.  She  was 
employed  in  jobbing  at  Port- 
land until  1886,  when  she 
was  .sold  to  O.  A.  and  L.  C. 
Smith  of  Olympia,  who  ran 
her  between  Seattle  and  the 
Capital  City.  Her  career  on 
the  Sound  was  not  a  fortunate 
one,  as  .she  sank  several  times. 
The  steamer  Myitlc. 
the  second  of  the  na;ae  al 
Coos  Bay,  was  laundad  at 
.Marshfield  by  Hall  &  Lightner.''  the  latter  commanding  her  until  1887,  when  I.evi  Snyder,  J.  H.  Snydei,  Or 
Downing,  Frank  Harrows  and  S.  S.  Snyder  purchased  her  and  look  her  to  the  Coquille  River.  She  was  afterward 
owned  by  the  Dunhams,  and  was  in  charge  of  M.  P.  Pendergrast,  Robert  Jones  and  others.  The  tug  Sol  'I'liomas. 
which  Capt.  William  Hayden  brought  out  from  Philadelphia  in  1867,  was  .sent  to  Coos  Hay  to  relieve  the  /■Viir/i>.<. 
She  remained  there  for  several  years,  and  was  commanded  by  Captains  James  Hill,  Robert  Lawson  and  John 
ICrickson.  On  the  upper  Columbia,  S.  R.  Smith  built  the  small  steamer  A'i>;rr,  which  was  used  for  jol)l)ini;  and 
towing.  The  TjUowing  steam  ferry-boats  were  built:  the  Coluiubia  at  Columbus,  Wa.sh.,  by  H.  F.  CoUniaii: 
J/i/waid-i'e  by  F.  C.  Harlow  ;  I'i'/o  No.  2  by  Foster  &  Moore  ;  and  Slark  Street  Ferry  by  A.  J.  Knott,  at  Portland. 
The  latter  vessel  is  still  in  service  and  was  for  over  ten  years  in  charge  of  Capt.  Henry  \'an  Auken. 

The  most  imi>ortaiit  event  in  the  ocean  steamship  linsiness  in  1S80  was  the  arrival  of  the  Columhiti  wliich 
was  built  at  Chester,  Penn.,  for  the  Oregon  Railway  iS:  Navigation  Company.  ,She  was  in  command  01  Capt. 
Freil  Holies  on  the  voyage  round  the  Horn,  arrived  at  Portland  on  her  first  regular  trip  from  San  Fr.nicisco, 
July  22d,  and  in  charge  of  her  finst  master  has  since  remained  almost  continuously  on  the  route,  making  ow  r  four 
hundred  round  trips  between  San  Francisco  and  the  Columbia.  The  (  oluwhia  is  three  hundred  and  nine  feei  long, 
thirty-eight  feet  five  inches  beam,  and  twenty-three  feet  three  inches  hold,  net  tonnage  i,74ri.  Oliver  \'aii  lUiser 
has  served  as  chief  engineer  nearly  all  the  time  since  she  has  been  in  .service,  with  H.  Hrinckerhoff,  first  as-i-tanl. 


STKAMKR   "IIASSAI.O"  SHOori.N'ti  THK  cascadks 


"Capt.  J.  R.  I,i>{htiicr  of  Marshfield,  Or.,  was  l)orn  in  Pennsylvania  in  iSvj.  and  eniinrateil  in  1S7,!;  to  Coos  liny,  «  ire  lie 
worked  for  a  year  as  tbreniaii  in  the  mill.  He  secured  the  mail  contravt  from  Coos  City  to  Bandoii.  t)ureliased  the  steanu  :  7r*//(*. 
and  a  year  later  took  out  a  master's  license  anil  also  secnreil  a  license  as  an  engineer.  lie  operated  the  steamer  five  vii'  iially 
selling  her  to  Snyder  Brothers  of  Coipiille.  He  then  remained  ashore  ahout  three  years  and  has  .since  been  engaged  at  i  urvids 
on  nearly  all  the  steamers  on  the  hay. 


atTlK  Dalles 
iiies  SUV  111  teen 

McNiiUy  was 
le  Ciisc.iilcs  hv 
atk-m]iitil  the 
liargc  ol  Capt. 
,e  Souiiil  until 
been  oniploytd 
111  fleet  un  tlie 
and  sixty  feet 
it  Fortlaml  for 
sold  ill  iSS;,  to 
Is  wlietliL-r  tlic 
le  Willnnetle. 

reductii)iis  in 
lased  by  Capt, 
'ortlaiid.  The 
the  Vancouver 
;n  up  over  the 
ly,  and  in  1883 
lased  by  Both- 

proprietors  of 
iiniberiu);  Com- 
.y  25,  iS,S4,  she 
r  tlie  Cascades 
Marti  ueau  and 
Martin.  K.  li. 
ge  Adams  and 
ivere  also  on 
time.  She  was 
[)l)bing  at  I'ort- 
Vi,  when  she 
.  A.  and  I,.  C. 

pia,  who  ran 
ieaitle  and  the 

Her  career  on 

not  a  fortunate 
several  times. 

ainer  Myrllf 

the    iia:ae  al 

launched  at 

H.  Siiydcr,  Dr 
was  afterward 

.S'(l/    '/'/lOIIHlS. 

c  tlie  I'liiilfii. 

.son  and  John 
)r  jolibiiii;  and 

.  I>".  CoUnian : 
tt,  at  Tottland. 

'liimhiii.  which 
nand  ol  Capt. 
San  Kr.iiicisco, 
iking  o\\  r  four 

nine  fee'  long, 
ver  \"aii  lUi.scr 

first  a---tant. 

OS  Unv.  ^^  ■  ire  lie 
:  steiii'm  :  ^lyrlk. 
five  vi'ir  liiiall.^ 
an<-'d'  at  I   lervab 


'K 


Modern  Propeller  Steamships  Appear,  Orvgon  Railway  <f  Navigation  Company  Incorporated 


27.S 


SlIi.VMSIIlI'  ■CoLrMUl,*."    KROM   A    DKAWINO 


J,  H,  iiri.scoU''  also  served  as  second  and  first  a.ssistant  for  eight  years.  The  Coluiiihia's  record  on  the  Portland 
and  ^  "  Fratici.sco  route  is  remarkable,  as  only  once  in  nearly  fifteen  years  has  she  been  longer  than  one  night 
at  sea  on  the  down  trip  between  the  two  cities.  Ivarly  in  1895  she  was  withdrawn  from  the  ronte  and  placed  in 
Ihedivdock  at  the  Union  Iron  Works,  San  Franci.sco,  for  a  thorough  overhauling,  and  when  she  is  again  atloat 
will  I)'  in  better  condition  than  when  she  first  arrived  from  the  I-last.  Victoria  and  I'nget  Sound  were  favored 
with  >r\eral  steamships  in  addition  to  the  regular  steamers  Cily  0/ Clifsltr  and  Dakota.  The  latter  completed  her 
mail  ("iitract  of  seventy-seven  trips  in  October,  and  was  then  sold  to  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company,  who 
contimied   to  operate   her  on    the  route.      Captains   Morse  and   Griffiths  commanded    the  Pakola.   and   Capt. 

v..  I'oleniaiin  the  (  ilyo/ 1  liesltr.  The 
,.    .. —    .     —  .,  -^o.  .     ,  steamship /;'/«/>//(•,  Captain  McAUep, 

and  the  Idaho,  Captain  Alexander, 
were  also  running  in  the  .same  trade, 
while  the  AUxaudif  Piniiaii,  Capt. 
J.  Iv.  Denny,  aud  the  Cati/'oiiiia. 
Captain.-.  Thorn  and  Carroll,  were  in 
the  local  service  between  the  Sound 
and  the  Columbia  River,  the  latter 
also  making  trips  to  Alaska.  The 
steamship  .hratti,  a  6(X)-ton  vessel, 
built  at  San  Francisco  in  1.S76,  was 
in  the  Wellington  coal  traffic  in 
charge  of  Captain  Holt.  The  Ifylton 
Castle,  a  large  steam  collier,  arrived 
at  Victoria  in  January,  under  a  three-year  charter  to  R.  Dnnstnnir  &  Co.,  with  J.  liaumann,  cai'itain,  H.  Dixon, 
first  oflicer,  K.  N.  Laws,  chief  engineer.  The  ves.sel  was  built  in  1,^71,  and  was  two  hundred  and  fifty-one 
feet  long,  thirty-two  feet  four  inches  beam,  and  nineteen  feet  two  inches  hold,  with  engines  twenty-eight  and 
fifly-five  by  thirty-three  inches.  At  the  expiration  of  the  charter  in  1S8,;  the  steamer  returned  to  Iviigland,  and 
three  \ears  later,  while  en  route  from  New  York  to  Rouen  with  a  cargo  of  corn,  foundered  twelve  miles  south  of 
l'"ire  Island  light,  drowning  the  captain  and  ten  men.  The  wreck  was  a  menace  to  vessels  approaching  New 
York  harbor  for  a  long  time  and  was  finally  destroyed  with  dynamite.  Nearly  all  the  ocean  steamers  in  the 
liritish  Columbia  mail  service  ran  to  New  Westminster.  The  postal  contract,  for  which  Goodall,  Nelson  & 
Perkins  received  $400  per  trip,  called  for  the  operation  of  Ivnglish  and 
.\merican  steamers,  and  one  of  the  new  arrivals  on  the  line  was  the 
steanishii>  Vielon'a,  Hayward,  captain,  J.  C.  Hunter,  first  oflScer, 
George  Nixon,  chief  engineer,  Robert  Hackley,"  first  assistant,  the 
latter  and  Robert  Turner  ''  subseiinently  serving  as  chief.  The  \'ictoria 
steam  lleet  was  increased  by  two  very  fine  boats.     The  (  assiar.  built  at 

'J.  H.  Driscoll,  engineer,  was  l)orr  in  New  York  in  1852,  and  serveil  a  llirce 
years'  ^ipiirtrilicesliip  at  Roach's  Iron  Works  at  that  city.  lie  came  to  tliu  I'acitU- 
v'n.ist  ill  1S70  as  engine  storekeeper  on  the  >>teainship  .  l/ti^A'ii,  making  four  trij>s  to 
China  with  her  as  oiler.  lie  snl)sc(|iienlly  reliirneil  overland  to  New  Yo.k.  where 
lit  worked  on  the  construction  of  the  steanislii]>  .  Itiipittio,  and  on  her  completion 
inailt  lliirly  live  trips  with  her  between  New  York  ami  Aspinwall.  lie  rcaelud  the 
Coast  a^ain  in  iSyh  and  joined  the  steamer  li'ientit/it  as  third  assistant  eny^ineer. 
lie  was  next  on  the  steanisliip  Co/um/iitt  as  second  assistant  and  first  assistant  for 
eight  years,  left  her  to  go  as  chief  of  tli.  Cosiiiopolls,  where  he  rem.'dned  for  a  year, 
.iik).-  1  .  Mntiitly  serveil  in  the  San  Francisco  ferry  service  as  assistant  engineer. 
Ill  r  entered  the  Spreckels"  employ  ami  has  remained  with  them  since.     He 

is  at  present  chief  engineer  of  the  tug  /  'i);ilaiil. 

Rohert  Ilackley,  engineer,  was  horn  in  h'lorida  in  1840,  and  liegan  his 
iiiariliiiie  career  01.  the  steamer  )'ar:i<o,  lietweeii  New  York  and  Norfolk.  In  1S67 
he  jiiiiied  the  steamship  Nevaifa  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  water-tender.  He 
serveil  with  her  as  second  assistant  for  abont  six  iiionlhs  after  her  arrival,  ami  then 
went  t'l  China,  where  he  ran  out  of  Slianghai  as  chief  of  the  sidewheel  steamship 
.Vi,-,'  )  ,<ii\  lie  retnrned  to  .San  p'rancisco  in  1S76,  worked  for  a  short  time  as  third 
assistant  on  the  Cifv  o/'  IVkifi}^,  anil  was  afterward  first  assistant  of  the  same  steamer, 
lie  then  liecame  chief  of  the  steamship  I'ii'loria,  and  was  subsequently  chief  of  tlie 
tnllowiiiLj  vessels  :  .S'/(//("  of'  I  'ti/i/orniit,  two  and  one-half  years  :  ( ^n'ztt/tii,  two  years  ; 
l('/Yw(,^/,));,  fourteen  months;  .•//;<(>«,  eighteen  months.  Wiien  the  latter  vessel 
was  wieikeil,  Hackley  was  appointed  first  assistant  of  the  steamship  J/dri/^osti,  and 
on  tile  resignation  of  Chief  I'lelcher,  abont  three  years  ago,  he  was  selected  to  fill 
llie  v,ii  .iiey. 

'  Robert  Turner,  engineer,  of  Tacoma,  Wash,,  came  to  this  Coa.st  from  New  York  in  I'ebniary,  1S74,  and  on  arriving 
in  .*saii  i'rancisco  commenced  his  sttamship  service  liy  joining  the  engineer  corps  of  the  Ciit  '/itJ<t,  belonging  to  the  Pacific 
Mail  S- unship  Company,  then  ruuiiiiig  between  San  Krancisco.  Panama  ami  way  ports,  .\fler  several  trips  with  the  (.;i«i(,Ai  he 
joined  lie  t'l/y  of'  /Vvitti;  of  the  same  company,  sailing  l>etween  San  I'rancisco,  Yokohama  and  ticnivikong.  On  tliis  sti-amer  he  held 
IhrpnsiMon  of  seeomi  assistant  during  nineteen  voyages  and  was  then  transferred  to  the  Ctiliiiia.  rniiniiig  to  Panama,  serving  as  first 
assisi.ii  ■  .\fter  making  four  voyages  on  the  Co/iiii.t,  lie  left  her  for  the  .V/<i/('  ,>/  (  '•i/if'<i)iii,i,  plying  between  .San  Prancisco 
and  1'  ilaiiil,  as  first  assistant.  \  year  later  he  went  as  chief  eiiHineer  of  the  steamship  Viilomi,  rucuiuK  between  San  p'rancisco 
•mil  I'l:  .  I  .Sound  ports,  and  remained  with  Iter  until  she  Wi'.s  lost,  November  2S,  iS8^^,  on  Port  Orford  Reef,  He  subseipiently 
worke    lor  a  short  time  on  the  old  sidewheeler  Orizaba,  and  afterward  served  as  chief  engineer  on  the  steamer  lilalio,  bet'veen 


K0IIKKT   'rrKNKR 


I:i 


I    I 


6 


276 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


STHAMKR   "WiM.IAM    iKVIMi 


Seattle  the  preceding  year,  was  put  under  tlie  British  flag  and  ran  on  the  Fraser,  and  Capt.  J^>\\u  Irvine 
constructed  the  fine  steamer  William  Irvinfr,  which,  on  May  16th,  made  her  first  trip  on  the  Fraser.  where 
she  perfisrnied  excellent  .service  for  many  years.  In  1891  she  was  extensively  overhauled  and  equipinil  with 
new  machinery.  The  .steamer  continued  to  run  until  sunk,  June.  1S94,  near  Farr's  HlufT  on  the  Franr,  the 
machinery  alone  being  saved  from  the  wreck.     Captains  George  and  Frank  Odin  were  masters  of  the  .sUaiiici, 

and  J.  Iv.  Jeficott  '  was  for 
many  years  chief  eiiniiieer. 
Captain  Irving  was  also 
interested  in  the  fine-  stern- 
wheeler  Peerless,  built  at 
Kamloops  for  the  lake  trade. 
She  was  one  hundred  and 
thirty-one  feet  long,  twenty- 
five  feet  l)eam,  and  four  feet 
six  inches  hold,  and  proved 
(piite  profitable  until  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
ruined  steamboatiiig  in  that 
section.  Capt.  James  W. 
Trou])  was  in  command  for 
a  short  time.  The  small 
propeller  Senator,  fifty-five 
feet  long  by  twelve  feet 
beam,  was   constructed   at 

Burrard's  Inlet  by   Capt.  James  Van   Brenner, '"  and   made  her  trial   trip   April    15th.     Van   Brenner  was  also 
owner  of  the  Lenora,  which  was  then  commanded  by  Capt.  William  Holmes. -1=     The  steam  tug  Pilot,  built  at 
Portland  a  few  years  previously,  was  purchased   by  the  British  Columbia  Towing  Company  for  $i2,,siio.  and 
the  big  tug  Alexander,  built  in  1876  at  a  cost  of  $So,ooo,  was  sold  in  June  to  Capt.  J.  I),  Warren  for  Sis.ixx). 
Warren  was  also  operating  the  ancient  Beaver,  and  in  October  a  fire  destroyed  her  upper  works,  the  damage 
amounting  to  about  $500.     The  .Starr  line  kept  their  steamer  (leorge  E.   Starr  in  the  X'ictoria  trade  in  1880. 
with  Capt.  Thomas  Wilson  in  charge.     Their  new  postal  contract 
with  the  Dominion  Government  went  into  effect  Septeml)er  ist.     It 
provided  for  a  remuneration  of  $2,500  per  year  for  one  trip  a  week, 
$5,000  for  two,  $7,500  for  three,  and  $[5,000  for  six. 

The  Puget  Sound  steam  fleet,  which  a  decade  before  could 
have  been  handled  by  a  score  of  men,  had  grown  to  such  propor- 
tions that  in  1880  it  furnished  employment  to  the  following  licen.sed  ' 
officers:    Masters— J,    C.    Brittaiii,  W.    R.    Ballard,    Henry    Bailey,                               / 
J.  C.   Baker,    Thomas    Brennan,    John    B.    Cook,  Charles   Clancey, 

I'ortland,  I'UKCl  .Sound  and  .\laska.  In  iSqo  Mr.  Tomer  went  to  IMiiladulphia 
to  lake  charge  of  the  enj^ines  of  t!ie  City  of  Seattle,  wliich  was  eonslruoted  for 
llie  I'liKcl  Sound  &  Alaska  Steamship  Company.  She  sailed  for  I'uget  .'■'oun<l 
September  16,  1.S90,  with  tile  following  officers  ;  Melville  Nichols,  captain  ; 
Charles  Ames,  first  officer  ;  Frank  Wooilniau,  second  ollicer  ;  R.  C.  Turner, 
chief  engineer  ;  David  (»ranj;er,  first  a.ssistant ;  James  Neely,  second  assistant. 
She  arrived  at  I'ort  Townsend,  December  24th,  after  calling  at  the  ports  of 
Rio  Janeiro,  Valparaiso  and  San  I'rancisco,  and  spending  eight  days  in  the 
Straits  of  Magellan. 

"'J.  K.  JelTcott,  engineer,  of  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  was  born  on  the 
Isle  of  Man  in  1S56.  .\fter  serving  an  apprenticeship  he  entereil  the  employ 
of  the  International  Steauistii])  Company  of  I,iver^)ool  in  1S75.  lie  went  to 
Canada  ill  I.SH2  and  worked  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  until  the  latter 
part  of  iSSj,  when  he  came  to  Victoria  and  joined  the  steamer  Sdxtmiy.r  in  the 
coasting  trade.  He  was  afterward  on  the  0//<>,  /ittii  It'liile,  A'etiiiiiir,  Williiiiii 
In'int;,  Maude,  Islander  and  Transfer.  He  was  chief  engineer  of  the  William 
/n'inj;  for  seven  years,  remaining  with  her  until  she  was  wrecked,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  eugageil  on  the  Traiisjer. 

"Capt.  James  Van  Hrenner  was  liorn  in  New  Vork  in  1852,  and  went 
into  the  marine  business  on  the  I'raser  River  in  1866  with  the  little  steamer  Sea 
Foam,  which  he  afterward  took  to  Moodyville,  where  he  ran  her  four  years.     He 
sub.se(pieully  purchased  the  steamer  C/iinanian,  which  came  from  the  Orient  on  a  sailing  vc! 
then  constructed  the  l.illie,  using  the  machinery  from  the  .SV'rt  Foam,  in   1S74  built  the  l.eoh 
He  recently  retired  from  the  water  and  is  living  in  Vancouv*'",  B.  C. 

»Capi.  William  Holmes  of  Victoria  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1S56,  and  emigrated  to  the  luitcd  States  nlien  a  boy.  H 
out  of  Philadelphia  ill  the  West  Indian  trade  for  about  five  years,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S77.  His  first  work  on  tlu 
was  with  the  steamer  /sahel,  between  Victoria  ami  Port  Townseml,  anil  a  year  later  he  shipi)ed  on  the  bark  H\\jllliy  1' 
which  sailed  to  Hiienos  .Vyres  and  thence  to  Liverpool.  Holmes  returiieil  to  Victoria  the  following  year  and  joined  the  old 
(,')afi/>ler  lis  mate,  going  from  her  to  the  Etta  ll'liite,  and  then  taking  charge  of  the  steamer  Leonora  on  Hurrard's  Inlet,  wi. 
he  remained  four  years.  He  was  next  in  '  .>ininan<l  of  the  steamer  I'anconz'er  for  two  years,  engageil  in  the  towing  businc- 
llie  steamer  Hope  about  teven  years  a^     ,  and  has  reinaiued  in  charge  since. 


J.    I-;.   JKFFCOTT 

cssel,  and  ran  her  for  several  yc  1 
onora,  and  four  years  later  the  ' 


.     lU- 

<uiUn. 

..nilefl 
Sniintl 
Uelon, 
fanner 
which 
;.cki"K 


■  Joliii  Irving 
Frastr,  where 
jqiiiplKcl  with 
lie  KraM-r.  tlie 
f  thf  stiamci, 
cott  ■'  was  for 
liicf  fiii^iiieer. 
iiig  was  also 
he  fine  stern- 
ss,  built  at 
he  laki-  trade. 
hun(ln.(l  anil 
lonn,  twtnly- 
and  lour  feet 
(1,  ami  proved 
e  until  the 
icifie  Uailway 
oatiiiK  in  that 
.  James  \V. 
command  fur 
e.  The  small 
r?/o/-,  rifty-fivt 
twelve  feet 
•onstructed  at 
liner  \va^  also 
/'/7i>/,  Imilt  at 
5i2.5(x),  and 
11  for  $i5,iK«). 
s,  the  damage 
trade  in  i88c, 


Modern  Propeller  Stvamships  Appear,  Oregon  Railway  cf  Navigation  Company  Incorporated  2"]"] 


C\rr.  wii.[.i.\M  IIoi  MKs 


■eral  vim 

■1 

ler  lliv  ' 

■ 

ixpcri 
ill  is- 

l)ov.     1! 

H 

lie  h.iv 

rk  on  till 

SnUlttl             ^1 

luillR' 

ill  In-  r 

■vv/f<».       H 

tlieol.l 

^1 

was  i-i 

llk-1,  «i 

■ 

llie  .V 

husiiii'^ 

■ 

iiunilit 
was  (11 

(',.  A  Cushman,  William  de  I.aiity,  C.  V.  Farrer,  G.  W.  Gove,  Thomas  Grant,™  I.eaiuler  Green,  neiijaniin 
Harri  Ivdward  Ilarkness.  \V.  H.  Hamlin,  Joh'i  S.  Hill,  John  K.  Lester,  John  B.  I.iliby,  Nat  H.  I.ane,  Charles 
Low.  '.  I)  I.iWiy,  Daniel  Morrison,  \V.  V.  Mniiroe,  V..  H.  McAlmond,  M.  S.  Norton,  Iv.  H.  Nichols,  H.  J. 
01ne>,    X.    T.   Oliver,   J.    G.    I'arker,    G.    H.    Parker,   Jacob  Scolaiul,   J.  VV.   Smith,    Frank   Smith,   William 

•Selby,  Joseph  Taylor,  J.  M.  N'nnderbilt,  William  Williamson.  Chris 
Williams,  Thomas  Wilson,  W.  I.  Waitt,  James  Woolery  ;  pilots — 
J.  W.  Hurse,  James  Delgardno, '"  S.  M.  Denny,  James  Gilman,  Henry 
McCray,  Cyrus  Orr,  John  Oliver;  mates — Daniel  Henson,  A.  F. 
Chandler,  John  Fussell,  James  Hcaly,  Daniel  Huntley,  William 
Hayter,  William  Jan.soin,  Cyrus  Orr,  Joseph  Oliver,  John  Oliver, 
S.  M.  I'ercival,  J.  M.  I'hillips,  William  Selby,  J.  M.  Vanderbilt, 
Frank  Waters,  (ieorge  Walker,  William  U.  Woolery  ;"  engineers — 
Stephen  Antonio,  James  Avery,  Robert  Airey.  George  Allen,  Charles 
Howell,  J.  W.  Hur.se,  Thomas  Ben.son,  I.  J.  Chapman,  Timothy 
CosgrilT,  Henry  Denny,  Robert  Davis,'  W.  W.  Davis.  Iv  W.  Doty, 
James  Diirgan,  Henry  Duane,  Peter  Doyle,  O.  O.  Denny.  C.  H. 
Grinwald,  George  Gilsoii,  John  Godbold,  James  Grifiiths,  James  Gray, 
John  Hicks,  William  Hoyle  Collier,  '  William  H.  Hainmoiid,  J.  A. 
Jeii.scm,  David  Kennedy,  J.  H.  Kennedy,  George  Kelly,  James 
Kirch,  Harry  l.ord,  Henry  I.anis,  Dennis  I.awler,  A.  E.  I.aHallister, 
John  Melville,  M.  I).  McCall,  Melville  McCorcle,  Robert  Moran,  Peter 
Moran,  John   Malcolm,  W.  K.  Merwin,  James  Morgan,   Peter  Nelson, 

•'Capt.  Tlioiniis  ('.rant  wiis  l«irn  in  Nova  Srotiii  in  l.Sso.  anil  while  a  youuK 
man  sailed  on  the  .AtlRtilic  Coast  ami  Lakes,  reaching  l'n;;et  .Sound  in   1.S74  and 
fjoiiif,'  on  the  Xoilli  I'luifif  a.s  lU-vklianil.     lie  lilleil  llial  position  until  1S77.  when 
he  WHS  appointed  mate  of  the  steanuT.     In   1879  lie  was  j;iven  (-ominaiiil  of  the 
.  Iliila,  which  he  ran  lor  a  year,  anil  then  went  to  the  Willamttte  River  as  mate  on 
\.\\t!  tiofiiiiitr  (liKzrr  Mu\  C'liiimfiiini.     In   I.SSi   lie  rctiirneil  to  the  Souml  in  roni- 
nuuiil  of  the  (iioigi'  li.  Slaii ,  anil  scrveil  with  the  Oregon  Railway  iS;  Navigation 
Conipaiiv  until  i.SS|  as  untstcr  of  the  ./;;«/('  Slm'iii/,  Idaho,  Wehviiie  and  /iiniiia  //oniiin/.     When  la-  left  this  .service  he  took 
the  slirnwiicel  slcainer  />ii/>  liiiiif^,  in  compaay  with  (leorge  Roberts  and  others,  and  ran  her  from  Tacoma  to  Ileinlerson's  Hay. 
He  sold  his  interest  to  his  partners  shortly  afterward  and  worked  with  Ca])t.  Tom  Wright  on  the  /ilhii  .Iik/iIsou  as  mate  and 
pilot  iliirinn   the   winter   of    i,S.S,|.      He   suliseiiueutly   i)urcha.seil   the   steamer 
WilJuvoJ  and  spent  several  tliousaiul  dollars  upon  her  in  repairs.     ,She  Imrned 
tell  iliy-i  after  slie  was  ready  to  run,  and  he  then  secured  employment  as  nuister 
cif  the  steamer  rolillco/sky,  with  wliich  he  remained  for  two  years.     He  left  lier 
for  the  tut;  l'ii<ni;i\  which  he  commanded  for  six  years,  ami  in    1S92  was  inlcr- 
islcil  in  the  construction  of  the  tn^  />iuofiiv,  taking  command  of  her  as  soon 
as  she  «Liil  into  connnission.  and  still  retaining  tliat  position. 

Capt.  James  DelKardno  of  Tori  Townsend  was  one  of  the  arrivals  in 
iSy-,,  rcachiuK  the  .Sound  on  the  lirij;  Afitishall.  Delgardno  was  horn  in  Scot- 
laiiil  ill  iSu  and  went  to  sea  when  hut  a  hoy,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  in  i.Ss2 
ami  K»iiiK  to  llie  .Sound  a  year  later.  After  making  two  trips  north  from  San 
Iraacisd)  lie  left  the  hri^  and  liuilt  the  schooner  .Inn  />iif;iiithii>,  which  he  ran 
111  tile  .Sacramento  trade  until  1S55.  when  he  returned  to  Port  Townsend  and 
took  lip  a  homestead,  suhseiiueiilly  cnterin.n  the  customs  service.  He  piloted 
ami  traded  on  the  Northern  coast  for  ten  years,  and  was  the  lirsl  to  en),'a>;e  in 
-calinj;  fiom  the  .\merican  side,  the  cli\  .liiii  /)(lffiiii/iiii  having  heeii  one  of  the 
lirst  sciiitoners  in  the  Intsiness. 

'■  William  II.  Woolery,  enjjineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  horn  in  .St.  I.ouis  in 
•  "".v  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  when  a  hoy.  His  first  .service  was  hetwceu  .San 
I-'raiuisici.  IIoiioliilii  and  Panama.  He  went  to  the  Sound  in  1S79  and  joined  Hie 
^le.iiiu'!  i'otiii't  as  eii^jiueer.  afterward  following  his  vocation  on  the  /''liU-i^f'skv, 
S  I..  \l,:sliii,  Shiihiiil;.  and  on  the  Oregon  Railway  iS;  Niivi),'alioii  Cumpany's 
sleaim-i^.  remaining  with  the  latter  coni|)any  tour  years.  lie  was  suhseipieutly 
iliief  iiiL;iiiecr  of  the  I'.Iha  .  luJfiioii  ftir  a  short  time  and  was  einployeil  011  the 
-Uaiiishiji  ll'iillii  ll'tillii  uearly  a  year.     He  is  at  present  residiii);  in  .Seattle. 

Robert  Davi.,,  engineer,  was  horn  in  London  in  iS(i,  and  hcKan  sailing' 
oil".  "I  KiihHsU  ports  in  1S60.  lie  arrived  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S75.  and  his 
lir^l  vi>-cl  was  tile  steamer  /uivoiili\  on  which  he  ran  for  a  year.  He  was  next 
oil  till'  l'.li:a  .liit/,'isi>n  and  .liiiii,'  Slrwiir/  for  a  few  months,  and  then  went  to 
\icl(iii  I,  where  he  workeil  for  two  years  on  the  fuihel.  He  afterward  entered 
tlie  ciii|iloy  of  Cajil  Joseph  Sjiratt  and  remained  with  him  fwv  years,  during' 
wliioli  !i.-  served  as  engineer  on  the  ( 'aiihuo  ami  /■'Iv.  ^faiiili\  /liiiiiia,  and  U'ilsnii 
(I.  Hiii:i.  alter  which  he  went  to  San   I'raucisco.     He  suhse<piei''ly  made  a  few 

trips  Im   .\laska   on   the   steamship   .l/\>f;nak,  and   on    leaviii>;   that  route  was  Kiiiikht  Davis 

iiiipluu  rl  on   the  Miiiiiiiaii,  l.os  .■lHi;rlcs.  U'liilishoro.  h'aralloii  and  Caivline. 

William  Hovle  Collier,  one  of  tlie  hesl  known  ciiKineers  on  Pn^et  Sound,  is  a  native  of  Savannah,  '.a.  His  first  marine 
le  consisted  in  sailing  out  of  New  York  and  Southern  ports  to  .\ustralia  and  the  Orient.  He  arrived  in  San  I'raucisco 
Old  henaii  ninuinj;  to  Victoria  on  the  steamship  I'liiicr  .llfiiil.  In  1S76  he  v.enl  to  PuKet  Sound,  and  since  that  lime 
erved  as  chief  engineer  011  nearly  all  the  .steamers  on  the  routes  (Hit  of  Seattle.  When  not  on  the  water  he  makes  his 
Kan^or,  Kitsap  Cou.ity,  Wa.sh. 

I'.eorKe  Kellv,  eiiKineer,  was  horn  in  Itoston  in  i,S(9,  and  moved  to  the  Pacific  Coast  alx  ut  1S71.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he 
ij;ed  to  place'the  machinerv  in  the  tUK  lilaL-elv,  with  which  he  ran  as  r.ijjiueer,  suhseipieutly  holdinj,'  a  similar  position  on 
Jfax.'itH:  Hefore  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  he  was  einiiloyed  as  tiiKineer  in  the  Morgan  Line  out  of  New  York  for  a 
1  years.  In  1879  he  started  a  machine  shop  in  Seattle,  which  he  conducted  for  many  years,  ami  at  the  time  of  the  hi^  fire 
iietor  of  the  .Seattle  Boiler  Works.     He  is  at  present  residing  in  .Seattle. 


•    I 


rir-! 


'.1! 


278 


Lewi's  (J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


f.} 


^..f, 


William  Mum.k  Coi.lii  h 


Kenneth  Nicholson,''  John  Nation,  Julian  Olney,  Otto  Krown.  J.  S.  Oliver,  Cyrus  Olney,  Fred  IVtorson, 
Gilliert  Phelps,  Frank  Parker,  Thomas  I'ieree,  Martin  Paup,  J.  A.  Kol>b,  Thomas  Robertson,  Charles  >iiiTry, 
I'Ulward  Still,  William  Spieseke,  James  Sandill,  Kdward  Stearns,  Joseph  Taylor,  John  Tate,  Philip  Van  'I'assell, 
John  West,  J.  Willininson. 

The  steamer  Dnisy  was  built  at  Seattle  in  iH.So  for  the  Puget  Sound  Transjiortation  Company,  who  |iiil  licr 
in  the  Skagit  trade  in  charge  of  the  following  officers:  J,  G.  I'arker,  captain  ;  Harry  Lord,  engineer  :  S.  M. 
Denny,  pilot.  The  steamer  Augusta,  a  small  propeller,  was  launched  at  Port 
Madison  and  used  in  the  jobbing  business.  Another  small  propeller,  the  Virginia, 
was  brought  to  the  .Sound  in  i.s.So  by  Morgan  '"  &  Gilmorc,  who  had  purchased  her 
in  San  Francisco  for  S2.250.  The  old  steamer  Tfiucr,  constructed  on  the  Columbia 
many  years  before,  was  converted  into  a  schooner.  The  steam  scow  Capital,  built 
by  Allen  '•  <S:  Hnrkins,  the  sidewheel  steamer  .-11  k'i,  by  Capt.  M.  I).  McCall,'"  and 
the  little  steamers  /uiil/i  diair,  Sialtle  and  /or  Aiiaiiis,  were  also  added  to  the 
Sound  fleet.  The  steamer  /'avorilf  was  sold  l)y  D.  H.  Finch  to  X'anderbilt  &  Co. 
of  Portland  for  $5,000.  Steamboat  Insjiector  Hammond,  who  was  appointed  when 
the  Puget  Sound  District  was  established,  was  succeeded  in  1880  by  Captain  Mor- 
gan of  Port  Town.send.  The  sailing  ve.ssels  completed  in  the  Northwest  in  1880 
included  the  Hawaiian  schooners  k'aiii,  Keaouli,  139  tons,  a.\\A  Jennie  Walker,  \y; 

tons,  the  San  Franci.sco  pilot  schooner 

l.ady    Mine,    55    tons,    schooner    yacht 

Agjiie,    so    tons,   and    the    barkentine 

Wrestler,  470  tons,  from  Hall  Brothers' 

yards  at  Port  Ludlow.     This  firm  also 

built  the  Hawaiian  steamer  C.  li.  /lisliop,  28 1   tons.     The  schooner 

State  of  Sonora,  310  tons,  and  the  /::'a.   265   tons,  were  .set  afloat 

at  Seabeck.     At   Coos    Bay,   H.   R.   Reed    launched    the   barkentine 

'''Kenneth  Nicholson,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Srotlainl  in  1S41).  auM  com 
nienced  sleamboatinj;  in  the  Nortliwest  as  fireman  on  tlie  /ili:ii  Aiiil,}\:<ii  in 
iS69.  He  afterward  held  a  similar  ])osition  on  the  U'i/.uiii  (•'.  Hunt  and  ( ihiiifia. 
and  secured  an  enK'neer's  license  in  187N  to  join  the  steamer  (V/cc,  wuli  wliicli 
he  remained  for  tliree  years.  He  left  Victoria  to  enter  the  Oregon  Kailway  & 
Navigation  Company's  service  on  the  Nortli  I'licijie.  and  snt)sei|uenlly  worked 
on  the  (uvrge  n.  Starr  and  (>tyiiifia.  He  left  in  i.SS;  and  w.is  einiilovfil  for 
two  years  on  the  tiiKS  TiUi»>i,i  and  Tver.  He  retnrneil  to  the  .\'i»M  /i;.;//i  .™l 
served  as  cliief  engineer  four  years,  and  then  joineil  the  tuK  />isii>:,iv,  with 
which  he  is  still  connected. 

■"Capt.  James  Morgan  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1S40  and  moved  to  I'liget 
Sound  in  1875.  His  first  work 
was  on  the  steamer  /( rwrt/,  going 
from  her  to  the  Teaser.  He 
then  served  as  fireman  on  the 
Pespati/i  for  a  year,  and  was 
afterward  engineer  on  the  .litilie 
and  Despateli.  He  then  went  to 
,San  Trancisco  and  with  Capt. 
James  dilniore  pnrcha.sed  the 
steamer  l'iii;ii:i'ii,  which  they 
started    on    the    route    between 

Port  Townsend,  Irondale  and  Whidby  Island.     Cajitain  Oilmore  soon  disposed  of 

his  interest  to  Captain  Hastings,  and  the  new  firm  of  Morgan  &  Hastings  secured 

purchased  the 
lit  and  jobbing 
later  the  partner- 
ship was  dissolved,  and  Captain  Morgan  took  the  /)es/>tite/i,  which  he  continued  on 

the  Neah  Ray  route  two  years  longer.     In  company  with   Capt.  \V.  S.  Mann  he 

boufjht  the  steamer  Evanxet  in  1S90,  and  operated  her  in  the  same  business.     I-'rom 

July,   1.S90,  until    iSq4,    tiie    /iiaiigel  carried   the   mail    between    Tort   Townsend, 

Whatcom  and  intermeiliate  ports,  giving  a  very  satisfactory  service  to  the  C.overn 

inent  and  the  people.     The  Straits  Steamship  Company  was  formed  July  i,  1S94,  by 

Capt.  James  Jlorgan,  I..  B.  Hastings.  W.  S.  Mann  and  A.  I,.  Horn.     They  operated 

the  Willapa  on  the  Seattle  anil  Neah   Hay  route,  the  £fanj;et  to  Port  Townsend, 

Port  Angeles,  Dungeness  and  Victoria,  and  the  Ci'iirliuiit  on  the  Neah  Hay  route. 

Captain  Morgan  was  in  command  of  the  Jiiangel  at  the  time  of  the  terrible  boiler 

explosion  in   1892,  and  had  left  the  steamer  only  a  few  minutes  before  the  accident 

happened.     While  running  to  Neah  Hay  he  laid  the  cable  between  Tatoosh  Islaml 

and  the  mainland,  completing  the  task  in  three  days,  and  receiving  J500  for  his 

services. 

"  Cajit.  George  S.  Allen,  Olympia,  Wash.,  is  a  native  of  Maine.     His  first 

marine  work  on  the  Sound  was  with  the  .steamer  Capital,  which  he  owned  with  H,  Harkins,  the  latter  running  as  nuistcr  :r  1  .Mitn 

as  engineer.    They  operated  her  for  two  years  and  then  sold  the  hidl  to  Percival.     Captain  Allen  then  retired  from  the  «    cr  unui 

1892,  when  he  purchased  the  steamer  I'isietta,  which  he  has  since  handled. 

"  Capt.  M.  I).  McCall  was  born  in  Wisconsin  and  was  engaged  in  the  marine  business  on  the  Lakes  for  about  twem     ve.irs. 

leaving  there  for  Seattle  in    1.S77.     His  first  work  on  the  Sound  was  with  the  steamer  Favorite,  and  in  1S80  he  built  the       iwlieel 

steamer  At  Ki,  operating  her  for  eight  years,  towing  on  the  Snohomish  and  Skagit  rivers.     He  then  took  charge  of  ll'.'     leainer 

Cascades,  which  he  ran  for  about  a  year,  and  since  that  time  has  not  been  regularly  employed.     He  is  at  present  residi      a;  Ml. 

Vernon. 


CAIT.    JA.MKS    Mokt.AN 


ms  interest  to  i_apiain  iiasiings,  aim  iiie  new  iirni  01  morgan  oi  nasi 
the  mail  contract  on  the  Neah  Ray  route  for  eight  years.  They  pi 
Despalcli  and  built  the  Enterprise,  running  the  Virginia  in  the  freight 
business  and  the  Enterprise  on  the  Victoria  route.     About  a  year  later 


llAHK\     llAKKlNh 


IU}\  I.K  Cui.l.thK 


[  liiovci!  to  I'li^ft 


Modern  Propeller  Steamships  Appvgr,  Orvyon  Rai!»ay  cj  /Navigation  (iompany  Incorpanitcd  2~9 

(ifon  ('.  /'irkins,  ^fu)  tons.  Other  marine  craft  coiistnicted  this  season  were  the  barges  Atlas,  625  tons,  at  The 
DalU  liy<i/</n'f,  Ihk)  tons,  anil  Hinida,  ^^44  tons,  at  I'ortlanil.  The  schooner  i'li(uiif>ioii  was  l)nilt  at  Tort 
Town   iul  l)y  Capt.  V..  \l.  McAhnond.  and  was  used  as  a  sealer  for  many  years  by  Capt.  Henry  McAltnond. '' 

Tlie  Columbia  River  grain  fleet  in  iHSo  consisted  of  thirty-two  British  and  seven  American  barks,  eleven 
liriti^  anil  six  American  ships,  twoOerman  and  four  Italian  barks,  a  total  of  sixty-two  vessels,  carrying  j,,sfi2,,Vi' 
ci'iita;  ■  Df  wheat,  valued  at  #4,4.s7.><i<).  The  largest  of  the  fleet  was  the  American  ship  /-llhn  A/iXcil,  \.^^2  tons 
anil  tlif  Mualk'sl  the  British  bark  /oiif,  s.-o  tons.  Twenty-five  registered  over  i,ix>ii  tons  each,  nineteen  over 
i.ioi'  tons,  thirteen  over  1,200  tons,  .seven  over  i,,io<>  tons,  and  five  over  1,400  tons.  The  British  shiii 
.l/i(rf.':<//li  ('(fi//c,  one  of  the  arrivals,  saved  over  !S7,(xx)  to  her  owners  by  reaching  Portland  just  before 
Ihc  cxiiiralion  of  her  cliarter,  January  31st.  It  was  laa-  in  the  evening  of  the  thirtieth  before  she  reported 
at  .\stniia,  and  the  steamers  l.iitiinr  a'ul  Oik/nlntma,  directed  by  Pilot  Reed,  made  a  great  race  against  time, 
lowing  her  into  the  harbor  limits  with  but  an  hour  to  spare.  The  amounts  and  values  of  the  wheat  shi|>inents  for 
llie  preceding  eight  years  were  as  follows  :  i,S74,  2,^12,581  centals,  valued  at  14,549,992  ;  1875,  2,1195.532  centals, 
J;,.('i"->72  ;  1X7'^'.  2. ,894. 722  centals.  $4,405,029;  187;,  ,i, 388, 473  centals,  $7,310,529;  1.S78,  2.4211, 7(18  centals, 
54,357.826;  1879,  2,457,0811  centals,  55,3)5.4110.  The  shippers  in  i8,So  were:  Sibson  iS:  Church,  eighteen 
cargiies  ;  Balfour,  CiUthrie  &  Co.,  sixteen;  Kodgers,  Meyer  &  Co.,  ten;  Salem  Flour  Mills  Com|),Tny,  seven; 
Ileiuy  llcwett  iS:  Co.,  seven;  C.  W .  McNear,  three;  J.  M.  Ten  Bosch,  one.  A  regular  line  of  sailing  vessels, 
Sutton  &  Co's  Dispatch  I.ine,  which  is  still  in  operation  l)etween  New  York  aiul  the  Columbia  River,  was 
tstalilished  in  1880.  The  Pilot  Commissioners  on  the  Columbia  in  18811  were,  J.  A.  Brown,  presiden!, 
J.  G,  Hustler   and  J.  H.   1). 

dray,  with    S.    T.    McKean,         -      '  -v*;:.;   ■;•  •  v.;v  -  — >'-^r^:i|| 

secretary. 

l'"ast  passages  made  by 
the  sailing  fleet  were  tho.se  of 
the  /<■.«.«/(  A'ickeisoii,  Captain 
Boiiifield,  ten  days  from  the 
Hawaiian  Islands  to  Hum- 
lidliU,  and  the  IC.  /..  /Itihr,-, 
eleven  days  and  seventeen 
hours  troni  Honolulu  to  Port 
Towiisend.  Both  of  the 
record-breakers  were  Puget 
Sound  productions.  Several 
ve.s.si.ls  met  with  disaster  in 
iSSn.  but,  fortunately,  the 
loss  of  life  was  comparatively 
Miiall.  The  British  bark  /V/- 
hanii\  a  composite  vessel  of 
1,29^  tons  register,  stranded 
at  tile  north  entrance  to  the  Columbia  River,  March  loth.  She  was  crossing  out  from  Astoria  wheat-laden 
fur  Ouuenstown,  and,  in  tow  of  two  tugs,  went  agroinid.  She  was  so  heavily  laden  that  it  was  impossible 
to  float  her,  and  the  heavy  sea  soon  knocked  her  to  [lieces.  The  revenue  cutter  and  the  tugs  rescued  llic 
crew  and  took  them  to  Astoria.  The  disaster  was  caused  by  the  failure  of  the  bark  to  answer  her  helm.  The 
vessel  was  valued  at  $65,000  aiul  the  cargo  at  $78,0110.  The  American  bark  /hiviti  lloadley,  984  tons,  Capt. 
.V.  Swaiiton,  from  San  h'rancisco  for  Puget  Sound  in  ballast,  was  driven  ashore  near  Point  Williams  during  a  gale, 
Deccinlier  I5tli,  and  became  a  total  loss,  but  the  crew  escaped.  The  .American  bark  lioitial  Col>l\  Cajit.  J.  1,. 
niiver,  from  San  Francisco  for  Seabeck,  stranded  three-quarters  of  a  mile  east  of  Portland  Point,  January  14th,  at 
S:i)ii  I'.  M.,  during  a  heavy  gale  from  the  southwest.  The  captain's  account  of  the  disaster  is  as  follows  :  "  We 
sighted  Cape  Beale  at  7:,v>  on  the  morning  of  the  fourteenth,  and  the  vessel  stood  ofl'  under  .shortened  sail  until 
voi  I'.  M.,  when  we  commenced  making  sail  and  continued  standing  off  shore.  About  7:30  i'.  M.  the  main 
topgallant  sail  was  carried  away  and  two  men  were  .sent  aloft  to  repair  the  damage.  Land  was  sighted,  but  before  we 
coulil  get  the  ship  arouiul  she  struck.  The  second  sea  lifted  her  over  and  off  the  reef  and  the  wheel  was  jiut  hard 
up  a;.;,iin,  but  she  immediately  brought  up  on  a  large  rock.  The  ma.'ts  were  cut  away  to  ea.se  her,  and  the  anchors 
Were  dropped.  The  crew  attempted  to  reach  shore  by  crawling  out  on  the  spanker  boom,  but  a  heavy  .sea 
smashed  it  and  washed  one  man  overboard.     All  hands  then  went  forward  and  remained  until  daylight,  when 


,    StUnilNKM    0\|  H    THK   ClMjlll.I.K    K 1 V  !■:  K     \\\K.    HlCIWKt.N     llll'. 
NoRlii    ,\M»  SlM'TH   jKTni-.S 


i  I'i 


I 


n 


'■* 


'Capt.  Henry  Rle.-Miiionil  of  Port  .Aii^^elos  was  born  in  Washiii^toti  in  iS6i.  He  was  lirst  einployeil  on  the  sehnoner 
Chaiiifioii,  stationeil  at  the  Cape,  friini  1H7S  to  1SS2.  lie  then  went  with  her  to  .\laska  on  a  trailing  anil  sea-otter-huntin),'  cxiieililioii. 
lakiiii  ihe  I'lrst  crew  iif  native  hunters  enga^eil  lor  that  ser\iee.  The  hunters  retnrneil  to  the  Sonnil,  anil  Captain  Me.\lnionil  titteil 
out  ll  ./>/,/  as  a  ]iilol-lioat  anil  operateil  her  for  two  years.  lie  next  saileil  north,  fishing  anil  sealing,  with  tlie  sclioiiner  Maiy 
I'iiik  ' .  On  returning  he  was  conneoteil  with  the  .Sounil  steamers  for  a  year,  anil  then  fitteil  out  the  scale.  /■'il:,,iiil  I'..  Wthilci , 
with  "  liicli  he  hniUeil  for  a  few  months.  lie  next  hail  charge  of  the  ruiilaii,  running  .is  a  johliing  steamer,  ami  his  last  vessel  was 
llic  M    ling  sehooncr  Felix,  which  he  sailed  for  a  year  anil  then  purehaseil  a  prune  orehanl  at  Port  Williams. 


,   II.  -S 


2So 


Lewis  <J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


we  made  a  .swinKiiiK  Ixxjiii  of  a  piiirail,  by  means  of  which  we  reached  the  rock,  with  provisions.  Aftir 
remaining  there  two  days  and  one  niglit  we  were  resened  liy  some  Indians,  and,  after  recovering  li..tn  the 
hardships  whioli  we  had  endnred,  were  taken  to  a  small  island  in  Cliiyo<|uot  Sound.  Nineteen  days  later  w« 
reached  Victoria  on  the  schooner  .l/ir/,  Captain  Francis."  The  luiifinl  Cohh  was  Imilt  at  llatli,  Me.,  in  is,),  and 
at  the  time  of  her  loss  was  owned  l>y  W.  J.  Adams  of  San  Francisco.  The  point  where  she  grounded  is  Imt  litiji 
over  a  mile  from  the  spot  where  the  American  hark  A/iis/aHt;  had  heen  lost  fourteen  years  before.  The  m  iKHUier 
O/ifu  Scliull-e,  from  San  Kranci.sco  for  the  Siuslaw  River,  was  wrecked  near  the  latter  place  April  jKili,  aiiil  all 
hands  were  lost.  There  were  no  witne».ses  to  the  di.saster,  and  the  ves.sel  is  sui>posed  to  have  caj)si/.e(l  on  the  liar. 
The  American  barkentine  Joufpli  /'tiiiiis.  a  Pu^et  Sound  built  vessel,  was  stranded  on  Wailui  Riif. 
Hawaiian  Islands,  May  14th,  while  bound  for  Port  Gamble  to  load  lumber.  She  was  beatiuR  out  (if  Knhulni 
Harbor  with  a  pilot  on  board  and  misstayed.  The  strong  breeze  .sent  her  ashore,  where  she  became  a  toinl 
wreck.  The  American  ship  '/'/iriis/ii-r.  Captain  Bosworth.  from  Xanaimo  to  vSaii  Francisco  with  2,6110  tons  of  coal, 
while  in  tow  of  the  steamers  /:7/<j  ll'/ii/i-  and  /Iniirt,  struck  on  (labriola  Reef,  July  14th,  and  liecame  a  tcilal  loss. 
H.  It.  M.  ship  Triumt>li  was  sent  to  the  rescue  but  was  unable  to  render  a.ssistaiice  of  any  value.  The  '/'liiaslin 
was  a  new  vessel  and  remarkably  well  built.  J.  F.  iMixelhart  of  N'ictoria  purcha.sed  the  wreck  for  >,!;i»iaiiil 
the  coal  cargo  for  $50.  The  steamship  (rmsir  /(•//(;//■  ended  a  life  of  vici.ssitudes  at  Rocky  Point,  Coos  Hay,  wliert- 
she  was  wrecked  September  25th,  soon  after  leaving  I-jnpire  City  for  San  I-'rancisco.  In  January,  i.s.So.  aftir  two 
years  in  the  Coos  Hay  coal  trade,  she  was  sent  to  Honolulu,  but,  finding  the  island  traffic  unprofitable,  had 

returned  to  the  Cotts  Hay 
route  oidy  a  short  tiiiif 
before  the  accident  hap- 
pened She  was  insured  for 
#7,5(K),  and  the  wreck  sold 
for  5,S,S<>.  The  barkentine 
IK  //.  Ga-.iliv,  from  Port 
Madison  for  San  I'raiirisco. 
went  ashore  while  entering 
the  Golden  Gate  during  a 

dense  fog  ()ctol)er  2,vl-  The 
vessel  was  in  charge  of  Capt. 
James  Iv  Williams,  who  sent 
his  pa.ssengers  ashore,  and 
with  the  mate  and  a  portion 
of  the  crew  reniainetl  on 
board  until  the  next  morn- 
ing, when  they  were  taken 
off"  by  the  life-saving  crew. 
A  portion  of  the  In  in  her 
cargo  was   saved,   but  the 

vessel  proved  a  total  loss.  She  has  been  previously  mentioned  in  the  history  as  the  Cohieii  /uif;lr.  which  burned 
in  Iwquimalt  Harbor  about  1859.  The  crew  abandoned  her  there,  and  an  Ivnglish  man-of-war  .sank  her  with  a 
.shell  ;  but  .she  was  afterward  raised  and  .sold  to  G.  A.  Meiggs  of  Port  Madi.son,  who  named  her  after  his  ,San 
Francisco  partner.  The  British  bark  (i/en  Fniin,  coal-laden  from  Newcastle  for  Portland,  was  abandoned  in  a 
leaking  condition  off  Barclay  Sound,  December  8th.  The  vessel  encountered  heavy  gales  near  the  eipiator, 
which  started  her  .seams,  and  when  nearing  the  Columbia  southerly  winds  drove  her  northward  out  of  her  conrse. 
The  crew  reached  King's  Island,  where  they  remained  for  a  week,  and  were  then  taken  to  Victoria  by  the  schooner 
Favorite.  The  Hawaiian  .ship  Malhildc,  from  Burrard's  Inlet  for  Callao  with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  was  abandoned 
at  sea  June  24th.  Tiie  crew  e.scaped  in  boats  and  headed  for  Charion  Island,  360  miles  away,  reaching  theru  July 
3d,  but  finding  no  water  they  sailed  for  Sorocco  Island,  distant  216  miles.  Before  reaching  there  a  cyclone  struck 
them,  and  after  it  had  passed  the  captain's  boat  was  not  to  be  seen  ;  that  of  the  mate  reached  Ma/.atlan,  and 
the  survivors  were  carried  to  San  Francisco  on  the  steamer  A'twbini.  The  captain  was  accompanied  by  hi~  wife. 
formerly  Mi.ss  McNatt  of  Port  Ludlow,  to  whom  he  had  been  married  a  few  days  before  sailing.  The  scliioner 
Courser,  wrecked  at  Shoalwater  Bay  several  months  previous,  was  rai.sed  and  repaired  by  Whitelaw,  iIk-  San 
Franci.sco  wrecker,  who  took  her  to  Astoria,  where  she  was  sold  at  auction  Decendier  i.sth,  Captain  Trask  secnring 
her  for  $18,000. 


ASTUKIA    ANli   CATIU.AMKr    BAY      I.IMIKINO    IvASTWAHIt 


CIIAPTHR     XIV. 

Stkamship  "Vaijuina"  Him.t  at  I'okti.ani)  —  Tiik  V'ii.i.arh  Syni>icati';  I'l  kciiashs  Tun  Wki.i.  Known 
Coast  Stkamsiiii'S — Tiik  Stark  Link  on  ProKT  Soi'nd  AcyriRiU)  iiv  tiik  Okkc.on  KAir.wAv  M: 
N'avic.ation  Comi'anv— Thi;  "  Hakvkst  (ji'KKN  "  Hroiciit  Thuouc.ii  Tin;  I)ai,i,i;s  Tiik  "Soitii 
Hknd,"  tiik  First  Stkamkr  Constrictkh  on  Siioai.watkr  Hay  —  Coh'miua  Tkanspuktatidn 
Comi'Anv  —  Pkopi.k's  Transportation  Company  —  Smoaiavatkr  Hay  Transportation  Company— 
Stkamkr  "IIknry  Vii.i.ard"  on  I.akk   I'knd  h'Orkili.k      "  W'ki.comk."   "Annik  Stkwart"  and 

■Rip  Van  Winki.k"  Go  to  I'fc.KT  SofNi)— Nimkrois  Saii.inc.  Vksski.s  IIcii.t  on  I'rc.KT  Soi  nd  - 
Tkkriiii.k  Fatk  ok  tiik  "  I.ipatia  "— Wrkck  oi'  tiik  "Rival,"  "  Fkrn  (Ii.kn,"  "  Ka.mxii.ki.aw," 
"O.  Hkoiciiton,"  '  Iu>itii  I.ornu"  "  Twknty-kirst  oi'  May"  "Corsica,"  "  II  arvkst  Momk," 
"  Mai.i.kym.i.k  "  ANi>  "Rainikr"  Thk  Ship  "Oi.v.mpis"  Hurnko  at  Si:a  — "  Ci.atsop  Ciiikk" 
.Sink  iiv  Stkamsiiip  "Orkgon" — Ci.osinc;  Days  ok  Stkamhoat  Sn-RKMAcv  on  tiik  Middi.k  Rivkr 

-Stkamkrs  "  R.  R.  Thompson"  and  "  Moi'ntain  Qi'ickn"  HRorciiT  <)\-kk  tiik  Cascakks— I'acikic 
Coast  Stkamsiiip  Company  Withdraws  prom  tiik  Coi.imiua  Rivkr  Trauk  —  Portland  Trii 
Company  and  tiik  "1'ionkkr" — Washinc.ton  Stkamhoat  Company. 

U\\  MOST  notable  feature  of  the  marine  business  of  18.S1  was  the  arrival  in  the  Northwest  of 

.several    large   steamships   of  modern   build.       Among   the   niimlier  were    the    \l'i/la»iclle, 

.Uississ/'/'/n'.  Ciiiii/iUti.   Wallii  Walla  and  /ianiaid  Cas/lr.     The  i'ai/iiii/a  and  JAiij  />.  Iliiitn\ 

Oregon  productions,  were  also  added  to  the  fleet. 

The  W'illamdte  was  Iniilt   for  the  Oregon  Iin- 

lirovtnient   Company  at  Cher.tcr,   I'a..   in   iS.Si, 

and  arrived  at  Portland,  June  14th,  eighty  days 

from  Xew  York,  with  .^,,V7  tons  of  iron  for  the 

Oregon  Railway  iS:  Navigation  Company.  She 
wa;.  ill  charge  of  the  following  officers  :  Lewis  Meyer,  captain  ;  John 
k.  I<i)ckhard,  first  officer;  Lewis  Williams,  second  officer;  M.S. 
Starlxick,  third  officer;  \.  A.  Winship.  chief  engineer;  William 
M.  MfhafTy,'  first  assistant  ;  Scott,  .second  assistant,  and  Brennan, 
third  .issistant,  with  a  crew  of  fifty-one  all  told,  among  whom  was 
F.  \V.  Patterson.'  Meyer  was  succeeded  by  Captain  Holmes,  who 
in  turn  gave  way  to  Capt.  I,.  I,.  Simmons.  In  18.S8  Capl.  I).  O. 
Blackburn  served  as  master,  and  a  year  later  C.   K.  Hansen  took 


'  Williiiiii  H.  ]\Iflialiy,  cii).;iiieer,  was  born  ill  I'liiladelpliia  in  1S54,  anil, 
after  ..c  rvipi;  an  appreiiliccsliip,  began  saibng  out  of  Philadelphia  to  Liverpool 
cm  till-  stu.inisbip  OIno,  ami  remained  there  as  third,  second  and  first  assistant 
for  lUMrly  two  years.  .After  a  .short  time  on  oilier  steamers  he  came  to  the 
I'acilii  Coast  as  first  assistant  on  the  steamship  U'illamille  in  iSSo,  was  promotfd 
on  111  r  arrival,  and  held  the  position  of  chief  eiiK'neer  four  years.  I'Vom  the 
ll'ii'i'.iiii,-//,-  he  went  to  the  steamship  I'liiiiler,  running  l<>  Honolulu.  The 
/'/in;/  r  was  wrecked  on  the  islands  a  few  months  later.  MehatTy  joined  the 
slc^iiiar  /lauaiian  Chief  for  a  few  months,  and  then  went  to  the  steamer 
./«(.''  tHa  as  first  assistant.  He  left  her  in  .\ustralia  and  returned  to  San  P'ran- 
oisiM,  «liere  he  joined  the  steam  whaler  lltrhna,  servinK  as  chief  for  two  sea.°  i;.' 
anil  Miliseipiently  acceptinj;  a  similar  position  on  the  steam  whaler  .Winchal, 
wlieri  he  remained  for  thirty-two  months. 


CAI'T.    I).    B.   JACKSUN 


'I'".  W.  Patterson,  engineer,  was  born  in  Portland,  Me.,  in  1850,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  oiler  on  the  steamship 
"'//'  /;,//,-,  which  he  left  at  Portland  to  join  the  George  W.  'ilder.  He  afterward  served  on  Panama  steamers,  and  was  engaged  on 
till-  li;  ;  Tyee  aiul  Hk'  steamer  /■.7hii  .Inileison  on  I'uget  Sound.  He  was  first  a.ssistant  on  the  .  hicon  for  lliree  years,  remaining  with 
lier  11', ill  she  was  lost.  He  snl)se(|uently  served  in  the  same  position  and  as  chief  on  the  .steamers  ll'i/miiit;t,ii  .'ind  l/ayliaii  h'<piihlif 
for  111  ,,rly  three  years.     Since  then  he  h.,i  been  engaged  on  steam  schooners,  and  at  present  is  first  iLssistanl  on  the  sleamer  SidiiiI. 


VI 


■  I  i 


,  I 


282 


Lewis  <J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  oF  thv  Pacific  Northwest 


I 


1 

w 

if.' 

k 

W' 

CHAHI.hH   U  llAHA 


tharKr.  remniniiiK  with  hir  until  iHi;s,  when  he  diet!  suddenly  at  Acapulco.  O.  N.  Jessen  wan  ihiii  nivw 
oiinMiaiid,  with  Jolin  IlnUKhton,'  iliief  cnKincer.  The  M'illnnuilf  collided  with  the  steniner  I'nmin  in  i«)<,, 
witli  fatal  cfll'ot,  on  account  of  which  Hansen's  license  was  sus|>ended  for  a  short  time,  and  Captain  I.iwi^  lucik 
his  place.     The  W'illamdk  wait  i,f>yj  tons  register,  witli  etiKines  thirtyeight  and  seventy  liy  fifty  two  iirIu.,, 

The  AiissUsipf>i.  which  followed  the  Willnmilli-,  arrived  at  I'orllaiiil, 
V  •        August  .>  1st,  ninety  days  from  New  York,  with  Iv  \V.  tlolmes.  (.i|it,iiii, 

C.  Trilton,  first  oBicer,  I,.  M.  (iarrison,'  second  officer,  J.  Jolinsun.  ilijcf 
engineer,  J.  Wliitaker,  first  assistant,  11.  Jackson,  second  assistant,  and 
Charles  O'llara  '  was  also  <nic  of  the  crew.  The  /I//vj/va/>/i/  w  is  tiuilt 
at  Dumbarton  in  i.s6^  for  the  Cunard  Company  to  carry  coppti  ure  in 
tlie  Mediterranean,  and  was  accordingly  very  strongly  conslrucltd. 
Soon  after  completion  she  was  .sold  and  became  a  blockade  tinniiT, 
but  was  captured  on  her  first  voyage  by  the  United  Slates  sli  aintr 
.l/i»i,'"i"'"'  while  making  her  way  out  of  Charleston  harbor  willi  a 
cargo  of  cotton.  The  United  States  {ioverinneiit  transformed  In  r  InUi 
a  fighting  ves.sel  carrying  eleven  guns,  .seventeen  olVicers,  and  one 
hundred  and  five  men.  At  the  close  of  the  war  she  was  purchased  by 
Itaker  &  Sons  of  New  York,  who  ran  her  from  there  to  New  Orliaus. 
.She  was  afterwar<l  operated  between  Hi.ston  and  the  Western  Isl,\nds, 
owned  by  Portugal,  on  the  coast  of  Africa.  In  i8,Si  she  pn.ssid  into 
the  hands  of  the  Oregon  Improvei'ient  Company,  in  whose  service-  she 
came  to  the  I'acific  Coast.  After  her  arrival  .she  engaged  in  the  coal 
trade  until  March,  i8H,v  when  she  burned  at  the  dock  in  Seattle  (set 
wreck  of  steamship  Mississipfii). 

The   Vmatilla,  al.so  owned   by  the  Oregon   ImiJrovement  Com- 
pany, arrived    at    Portland,  October    2d,  sixty-three  days  from  New 
York,  with   Frank  Worth,"  captain,  James   Snow,   first  ofiicer,  II.  A 
Cobb,  second  officer,  O'Hrien,  third  officer,  William  H.  Niemaii,  diief 
engineer,  A.  U.   Hughes,  first  a.ssistant,   J.  S.   Kidd,  second   assistant,  S.   N.   Haines,   third   assistant.     Tiic 

''John  HauKlitoii,  en){inet'r,  was  born  in  I''nKl»«d  in  1846,  served  his  Hjiprenticesliip  at  Koxlinll  I'oiuidry,  I.iverpiidl,  ami  1  ;>tiu' 
to  Hoston  in  1873.  lie  worked  there  for  »  firm  of  shipbiiihiers  until  1874,  then  came  to  the  Paeil'ii'  Coa.st  ami  entered  tlir  enipldv  i>r 
the  I'nion  Imn  Works.  .-Mter  serving  there  for  ahont  two  years  he  joined  the  sitamsliip  (i'(j(//V  tt»  fourth  assistant  cnnineir  lie 
remained  four  years  on  the  (inilii,  eighteen  nn)nths  of  which  he  was  second  assistant,  and  then  hehl  tlie  same  liertli  mm  the 
h'io  Janeim  for  a  year.  lie  was  next  first  assistant  on  the  steamship  Afissisu'fifii,  leaving  her  the  trip  liefore  slie  linrned  to  ^n  as 
first  assistant  on  llie  steamship  Snii  I'lhlo.  He  was  on  the  latter  ou  the  memoralile  trij)  when  she  ran  out  of  fuel  and  arriveil  sivoral 
weeks  overdue.  I'roin  the  Sati  /'ih/o  Hau^hton  went  to  the  Ynqtiina  ('it\\  where  he  ran  as  first  assistant  for  a  short  time,  and  ilicii 
became  chief  on  the  steamship  .//  AV.  He  was  next  in  charge  of  the  engines  on  the  H'lilln  Walla  for  sixteeen  months,  and  lefi  liir 
about  seven  years  a^o  to  take  a  similar  position  on  the  steamship  H'illaiiielte,  with  which  he  has  reniaiueil  up  to  the  present  time. 

'  I,.  M.  Garrison,  steamship  mate,  was  horn 
in  New  llrnnswick  in  1S41.  Mis  first  work  on  the 
Coast  was  on  the  flfississipfii,  which  he  left  atiout  a 
year  before  she  was  burned,  and  has  since  been 
etiKaxed  In  the  stevedoring  and  shipping  business 
at  Seattle. 

■'  Charles  O'Hara  was  horu  in  Ireland  in  1838, 
and  lie^an  sailing  out  of  Continental  ports  when  a 
boy.  In  1.S53  he  was  in  the  tngboat  service  out  of 
Boston,  anil  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  about  twenty 
years  ago,  joininj;  the  (7/r  0/  Sydney  at  San  I'ran- 
risco.  After  sailing  with  her  to  .Australia  for  over 
two  years,  and  on  the  same  route  on  the  Cily  0/ 
i\'eu'  Yoik  for  a  short  time,  he  returned  to  New 
Vork  ami  joined  the  steamer  h'io  Janeiro,  runninx 
to  South  .\mericau  ports.  A  few  months  later  he 
went  to  the  steamer  Nen'/>oit,  running  to  Havana, 
and  thence  to  the  steamship  /.oiiisiana  to  New- 
Orleans.  When  the  new  steamship  fl/ississi'Mi 
started  for  the  I'acific  Coast,  O'ltara  came  with  her 
to  Portland  and  remained  ou  board  for  about  four 
mouths.  He  subseciuently  entered  tlie  tugboat 
service  at  San  Trancisco  and  varied  that  work  with 
occasional  trips  to  .Alaska  on  fishing  schooners. 

•Capt.  Frank  Worth  was  born  in  New  Jersey 
ill  1843  anil  has  followeil  the  sea  since  boyhood,  sailing  on  the  .\tlautic  Coast  until  r,S8o,  when  he  superintended  the  buildinK  f  '''^ 
steamship  Uiiialilla  at  Chester,  J'a.,  and  on  completion  brought  her  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  he  remained  in  charge  lui  lirtf 
years.  After  leaving  the  Utnatilla  he  was  engaged  ou  a  number  of  coasting  steamers,  and  in  1892  took  conitnand  of  the  -'  nner 
Alice  lUiinehard,  .sailing  to  .Maska.  The  /llane/ianf  carried  as  cargo  the  machinery,  timbers  and  all  the  eijuipnient  for  lln  iargi- 
sternwheel  steamer  /'.  />'.  Il'eaie,  which  John  J.  Holland  constructed  at  St.  ^lichaels  for  the  North  American  Transporl.'  in  X 
Trading  Company.  Captain  Worth  and  crew  remained  there  until  the  steamer  was  ready  to  run,  and  since  his  return  li :  luc" 
engaged  on  a  number  of  Sound  steamers.     He  resides  in  Latoiia,  near  Seattle. 

'William  H.  Nieman,  engineer,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1847  and  began  his  marine  career  in  1874  ou  a  steam  .illier 
belonging  to  the  Reading  Railroad  Company.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  chief  on  the  steamship  Uiiialilla  and  occupi.  '  dial 
position  for  five  years,  then  went  to  the  steamer  Xealandia  as  first  assistant  for  two  years,  and,  after  a  few  months  as  chief  11  liie 
Walla  Walla,  accepted  the  same  position  on  the  steamship  Australia,  where  be  has  since  remained. 


STKAMSlin-   "  l'.MAriLI.A  ' 


Thv  dating  Ddya  of  thv  Oolikn  Era  of  Columbia  River  Steamboat ing 


t8$ 


Cai'T.  I-ha.nk  WtiKnl 


r»(.;  7.1  was  Imilt  nl  Chester.  I'a.,  in  tSHi,  and  is  three  hniiilred  nnil  ten  feet  Ioiik,  forty  feet  six  inches  I>eam, 
and  I  irtv  feet  three  inches  hold.  She  run  in  the  coal  trade  in  charge  of  Worth  nntil  i.s,S(,  when  she  met  witli 
an  ac  ulent  at  Cape  I'Mattery  which  retireil  her  from  service  for  a  year  i  see  wreck  of  /  'iiiiililhi,  i8.S.}i,  Captiiins 
lldhii  ■>,  Ulackburn  and  Hunter"  succeeded  Worth  in  connnand.  and  after  several  years  of  service  as  a  collier  she 

was  ei|ui|)|>ed  as  a  passeUKer  steamer  and  is  plyiiiK  hctwcen  San  Francisco 
and  I'ugct  Sound.  The  W'lilh  ll'ii/i'n,  the  fourth  steamer  of  the  Oregon 
Improvement  tleet,  was  Imilt  at  Chester.  I'a.,  in  i.ssi,  and  rcKislcteil  j,  i  ',4 
tons,  with  cnKines  forty  and  seventy  four  hy  tifty  inches.  She  arrived  at 
Portland,  Novemher  J4th,  seventy-one  days  from  New  Vork,  with  W.  II. 
De  W<df,"  captain,  (ieorue  C.  Campbell,  first  ofticer,  Oeornc  I..  Ilohlis, 
second  oflicer,  Thomas  I'orter,  chief  engineer,  C.eorRe  U.  Crosby,  first 
assistant.  I).  I).  Wass,  second  assistant.  I)c  Wolf  was  suiceedeil  in  com- 
mand by  Captains  Simmons,  Hansen  and  Ulackburn.  The  U,i//ii  U11//11 
was  enganed  in  transporting  coal  until  iss.s,  when  she  was  litlcd  with 
passenj;er  accomnuKlations.  At  |>resent  she  is  on  the  San  iMancisco  and 
Puget  Sound  route. 

The  /iiiniiin/  I'lisllf  was  a  Hritish  tramp  steamer,  chartered  by 
Dunsmuir  for  the  Nanaimo  coal  trade,  anil  was  operated  there  \intil  i.s.Sd 
by  Captains  Voun^f,  Colvin,  STuitli  and  rrc|nliarl.  While  in  cliarnc  of  the 
latter  she  was  wrecked  on  Rosedale  reef  in  l.S.So  1  see  wreck  of  luinmid 
Ciisllii.  The  steamship  )\ii/ui>i(i  was  built  at  Portland  by  U.  Sorenson  for 
/..  J.  Hatch  and  D.  S.  Tuthill.  She  made  her  trial  trip  I)ecend)er  2,ul>  in 
connnand  of  Capt.  J.  V,.  Denny.  After  a  few  voyages  in  the  coasting 
trade,  a  lime  cargo  fire<t  her  while  coming  uj)  the  Colund)ia  in  May.  issj. 
She  reached  her  destination,  the  Pacific  dock,  Portland,  where  a  futile 
attempt  was  ma<le  to  smother  the  fire  in  the  hold,  but  several  hours  later 
the  uiiper  works  wore  ablaze.  She  was  cut  loose  from  the  wharf  and  towed 
to  the  east  side  of  the  river  by  the  steamer  /.iir/iii,-,  where  she  was  scuttled. 
The  hull  and  machinery  were  saved  in  a  damaged  coiulitiou,  and  she  was  afterwani  rebuilt  and  comuRiued 
runiiiiig  in  August  in  charge  of  Capt.  !•!.  J.  Moody  and  Ivngineer  A.  Hochau,  but  a  month  later  was  sold  to  the 
I'.icifu'  Coast  Steams!' ip  Company,  who  operated  her  on  southern  routes  out  of  San  l'"rancisco.  The  A/ii>\  /'. 
Iliiiiif  was  built  at  MIensburg,  Or.,  lor  the  Co(iuille  trade,  and  contained  the  engines  Iroin  the  I'iukiui,  wiccked 
in  i.sso.  Capt.  Jame:;  Caughell  was  in  command.  She  was 
ninety-eight  feet  long,  twenty-three  feet  beam,  and  ten  feet  hold. 
The  steamer  Gonral  ll'n'i;/i/  was  purchased  in  San  Francisco  by 
ColdMel  Gillespie  for  Oovernment  work  at  Vatinina  Hay.  Pennell, 
her  first  master,  was  drowned  a  few  days  after  taking  command, 
and  Capt.  S.  K.  Habbidge-^-  succeeded  him. 

The  old  steamship  Oihaha.  a  well  known  vessel  twenty- 
five  years  before,  was  running  between  San  Francisco  ai.d  I'uget 
Sound  ill  charge  of  Captain  Alexander  with  ICngineers  I.ampmaii, 
Wi^'niiis  and  Green.  An  im])orlant  change  in  steamship  circles 
occurred  in  November,  when  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Com- 
pany sold  to  the  V'illard  syndicate  the  steamships  liiireka,  Idaho, 
IhkoUt,  S/ti/f  of  California,  .llcxaiuier  niintau,  Sciialor,  Orizaba, 
.liiioii,  /.OS  Ain;flis  and  Oi/irii  of  tlic  Padfic.     The  luiiika  was  the 

■Capt.  J.  C.  Hunter  was  l)orii  in  Sweden  in  i.S4,^  anil  conniienced 
KoiiiLi  111  sea  wlieii  sixteen  years  olil.  liis  lirst  exinrieiicf  lieii').;  iiii  tlic  .\ini'r- 
ioaii  >hi])  Simla,  from  I.ondnn  to  India.  His  lirst  work  on  tlie  I'aeilir  Coast 
waM'ii  till'  steanisliip  Coiitincniixl,  running  lietwccn  .San  iManiisoo  and  I'lirt 
lanil  Me  was  afterward  tliird  olliier  on  llie  steanislii]>  Conslilulinii,  at  I  lie 
liiMi-  ^hl•  l>uriied  while  in  loiilc  I'rotii  the  .Sound  to  San  I'rancisio.  Siuie  that 
liiMe  In-  has  l)een  engaged  on  nearly  all  the  steamers  operated  liy  the  Pacific 
l.na-1  .Steamship  Company  on  their  northern  routes,  running;  between  San 
I'raihisoo  and  Tuget  .Sonnil. 

'Capt.  \V.  II.  De  Wolf  was  horn  in  Rlioile  Island  in  1S2S  and  arrived 
on  llu  Pacific  Coast  in  i.SSi  with  the  steamship  Walla  Walla,  on  which  he 
sirvi  .1  four  years.  He  was  afterward  engaged  in  piloting  on  the  Sound  and 
retiii  I  from  the  water  ahout  1S92.     He  died  at  Seattle  in  1X94. 

<  Capt.  S.  R.  Ilahhidge  of  Newport  was  horn  Januarv  II,  iSji.  He  coinnienccd  going  to  sea  in  iH.|  (  on  the  .\tlanlic  Coast, 
:iiiil  MiK-e  that  time  has  not  only  heeii  engaged  ill  coasting  hoth  oil  the  .\tlaiilic  and  the  Pacific,  hiit  in  the  Kiiinpeau.  Soiilli 
.VniiMi.ui,  West  Indian,  Mexican,  .Australian  and  .\laskan  trade.  He  sailed  out  of  Rockland.  Hostoii.  New  Vork,  Philaiklphia. 
DalliiiKire,  Mohile  and  New  Orleans,  and  at  the  early  age  of  eighteen  Jie  was  second  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  which  occiipalion, 
tO),'ii  iiir  with  that  of  hoatswain  and  carpenter,  he  filled  for  five  years.  He  was  mate  ten  years,  master  of  Ww  schooner  ( '\<h>iu-  three 
.Vfai-  and  of  the  hark  Cephas  Slannell  ten  years.  He  has  also  oommandcil  the  ..'.  />'.  Fiilil,  (Ifiinal  Wiixlil,  Mniitilaiiiifi, 
l/tinaoii,  Resoliile,  Wilminglon  and  A/isiliiif. 


CAl'T.  S.    K.    Il.xllllllx.K 


I 


li 


;.'*:!•  '1 


!«^    ^, 


'!     )' 


284 


Lewis  c?  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


tn 


Utile  California,  which  had  been  repaired  in  San  Francisco  at  an  expense  of  $25,000.  She  reappeared  <a\  the 
Alaska  route  under  her  new  appellation  in  October  in  charge  of  Captain  Carroll,  who  had  operated  tlu  l.os 
Anireles  in  the  same  trade  while  the  Eureka  was  undergoing  repairs.  Other  steamships  plying  to  the  Xcniluve.st 
in  1881  were  the  Einfiiri,  Captain  Mc/  Hep  ;  .Ireala  and  Hylloii  Caslle  in  the  coal  trade  ;  Dakota,  Captain  Mor.se; 
George  W.  lilder.  Captain  Lachlan  ;  Idaho,  Captains  Alexander  and  Huntin^jlon  ;  and  Victoria,  Captain  H:i\  ward. 
The  St.  Paul,  Captain  Krskine,  was  running  to  Alaska.  The  tramp  steamship  Qiiiiita,  874  tons,  C.iptaiii 
Thomp.son,  arrived  at  Victoria  from  Hongkong  with  514  Chinese.  The  old  Gra/>/>ler  wan  launched  in  I'Vliruary 
in  better  condition  and  with  more  power  than  when  she  left  England  twenty-.seven  years  before  to  take  pari  in 
the  Crimean  War. 

The  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  which  had  secured  practical  control  of  transpoilalion 
on  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers,  now  turned  their  attention  to  Puget  Sound,  and  in  May,  i.sSi, 
purchased  the  Starr  line  of  steamers,  which  included  the  AWtli  Pacific,  George  IL  Starr,  Annie  Stewart,  l.taM, 
.llitia  and  Otter.  They  at  once  reinforced  this  fleet  with  the  Welcome,  which  w.is  .sent  from  the  Columbia  in  tow 
of  the  Tacoma.  The  busines-.  of  this  corporation  did  not  suffer  from  the  change  of  management,  as  durini;  the 
month  of  May  the  earnings  were  as  follows  :  River  Division,  gross  5178,4511,  net  $88,450  ;  Ocean  Division,  gross 
$105,050,  net  $''0,050  ;  Railro.id  Division,  gross  $136, 100,  net  $86,  ion.  During  the  year  ending  June  ^otli  the 
River  Division  handled  131,665  passengers  and  422,082  tons  of  freight.  No  additions  were  made  to  their  river 
fleet,  but  the  Harvest  Queen  was  brought  down  from  the  upper  Columbia  for  service  between  The  Dalles  .mid 
the  Cascades.     She  had  a  perilous  trip  in  command  of  Capt.  J.  W.  Troup,  with  lingineers  De  Huff  and  rarduii. 

The  rudders  were  torn  off,  tlii'  ecieii- 
'  ~     '~  trie  and  pillow  blocks   broken,  ami 

the  wheel,  bow  and  nosing  daniajjed, 
i.She  started  through  Tuniwater,  Keli- 
ruary  8tl.,  and  becau.se  of  her  iniuries 
did  not  pa.ss  the  big  Dalles  until  Feb- 
ruary 18th. 

Capt.  U.  H.  .Scott  launched  liis 
first  propeller,  the  FIcctuood,  at  Tort- 
land,  April  23d,  and  entered  into 
vigorous  coTupetition  with  the  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company. 
The  FIcclawd  was  built  to  nui  in 
connection  with  the  Gold  /hi.ft,  xvliich 
was  taken  above  the  Cascades  in 
March,  and  made  her  trial  trip  M.iy 
28lh,  covering  the  distance  lielween 
Vancouver  and  Portland  in  lorty- 
nine  minutes,  and  making  the  entire 
run  from  the  Cascades  in  three  hours 
and  sixteen  minutes  The  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company  put  the  Dixie  Thompson  on  the  route  to  the  Cascades  and  the  Jfassolo  on 
the  middle  river,  and  carried  passengers  through  to  The  Dalles  from  Portland  for  fifty  cents.  The  war  went 
merrily  on  for  several  weeks,  the  new  line  apparently  having  the  best  of  the  situation,  but  in  August  it  w.is 
crippled  by  the  sale  of  the  Gold  Dust  to  the  big  company.  Captain  Scott,  thus  left  without  a  connecting 
boat,  cast  about  for  a  new  route  for  the  I'lectuvod  and  in  Septendier  started  her  to  Astoria,  where  Ik-  soon 
demonstrated  to  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  that  they  had  made  a  serious  mistake  in  imt 
permitting  him  to  operate  unmolested  on  the  Cascade  run.  The  fare  to  Astoria  dropped  from  five  to  two 
dollars,  and  the  speedy  little  propeller  reduced  the  time  between  two  and  three  hours,  which  enabled  her  to 
.secure  the  best  of  the  passenger  traffic  regardless  of  figures.  In  December  the  Columbia  Transport. ition 
Company  was  incorporated  by  V.  H.  Scott,  Henry  Drake  and  C.  A.  Mann.  The  Flccttivod  was  so  sucn-'-lul 
that  the  patronage  soon  overtaxed  her  capacity,  and  in  1.S83  the  company,  which  had  meanwhile  licen 
strengthened  by  the  vSeeley  Hrothers,  Iv.  W.  Crichton  and  C.  R.  Dt.iiohue,  built  the  7'cle/>lionc,  the  listesl 
stern  wheeler  in  the  world.  On  the  completion  of  the  Telephone  the  Fleetwood  retired  until  kSSi-.  wlieii 
she  was  taken  to  the  Sound  for  'A,  J.  Hatch  bj-  Capt.  George  I).  Me.s.segee.  Hatch  operated  her  in  a  I.i'.;lily 
profitable  manner  between  Seattle  and  Olympia  for  several  years,  but  when  Scott  and  his  associates  ihiiieil 
the  field  on  the  Sound  they  again  took  charge  of  the  steamer  and  have  since  used  her  between  .Seatl;  and 
Tacoma.  While  on  the  Columbia  the  Flcctivood  was  in  command  of  U.  B.  Scott  and  W.  H.  Whit'  I'lul). 
Capt.  J.   H.  Woolery  succeeded   Messegee  on   the  Sound,    and   /,.  J.   Hatch,   Herbert   Parker,  John  Joni-on.'" 

'"Cflpt.  John  Jorilison  of  Seattle  was  l)orn  in  IviiKland  in  1863  anil  lie^an  Koi'iR  to  sea  as  soon  as  he  was  old  enont;:  ;ii  );el 
about  the  ducks  ancl  ri^jKinK.  After  seeing  the  world  as  only  a  sailor  lail  call,  he  arrived  in  .Sun  I'rancisco  in  1S7;  i  tin' 
Itrilish  ship  , /Mi/A(</.     I,eaviii({  the  vts.sel  there  he  went  to  l'iif;et  Sound  and  foHiid  eiiiploytiieiit  on  the  lower  Sound  i')   »iii'd' 


STK.VMliR    "  1-I.1-;K1W()(>I>" 


^M 


TW 


;  reappeared  .n  the 
id  operated  tlu  Los 
g  to  the  Xor; Invest 
oln,  Captain  Morse; 
,  Captain  Ha \  ward. 
.S74  tons,  Captain 
inclied  in  Feliruary 
efore  to  take  pari  in 

il  of  transporialion 
md  in  May,  i.S.Si, 
iiu'c  SifU'tirt.  liabfl. 
lie  Columbia  in  low 
nent,  as  dnriiii;  tlie 
:ean  Division,  j;ross 
[ling  June  ;,olli  liiu 
made  to  llieir  river 
en  Tile  Dalles  and 
;  HufT  and  I'ardnn. 
torn  off,  the  ecoen- 
)locks  liriikeii,  and 
id  nosing  damajjed. 
tfh  Tuniwater.  Peb- 
rause  of  her  injuries 
ig  Dalles  unlil  Feb- 

.  Scott  launched  bis 
?  /■'Iriiuomi,  at  I'ort- 
md  entered  into 
ion  with  the  Oregiin 
igation  Company, 
IS  built   to   run   in 
le  Gold  /his/,  ubicli 
the  Cascades  in 
her  trial  trip  May 
distance  between 
Portland  in  lorly- 
making  the  entire 
ades  in  three  luinrs 
lies      The   Oregon 
ul   the  i/assdio  on 
ts.     The  war  went 
in  August  il  wis 
lout   a   connecling 
ia,  where  he  soon 
)us  mistake  in  not 
from    five   I"  iwu 
icli  enabled  lar  lo 
)ia    Transporl.ilion 
was  so  succL^sfnl 
meanwhile    licen 
■f'lioiif,   the    1  -test 
unlil    i,S.S('.   wliun 
1  her  in  a  1: 11; lib- 
associates  eiiUrcd 
tween  Sealli    and 
A'.   H.   Wbii-.'inb. 
John  Jure'  -on. " 

*as  old  I'lioiiK^  HI  net 
icisi'o  ill  iS7r  ■  !  llif 
lowur  Souuii  !■:  •■'iiinll 


The  Closing  Days  of  the  Golden  Era  of  Columbia  River  Steamboating 


a85 


Heiir\   Carter,"  and    a    luiniber   of  others,  have  since  handled  her.      Newton  Scott  and  Jo.seph  Hayes'''  were 

.11U01U.  her  engineers  on  the  Columbia,   and    Manly   Danforth  had  charge  of  her  machinery  on  the  Sound  for 

severa'.  years. 

The  Vancouver   route,  which,  owing    to   the   large   amount  of  business  furnished  by  the  United  States 

garrison  at  that  point  had  always  been  very  nuich  prized,  was  the  scene  of  a  vigorous  steamboat  war  in   i.SSi, 

when  the  steamer  U'tis/ii')ii;/o>i  appeared.  She  was  built  at  Portland 
by  the  People's  Transportation  Company  of  X'ancouver,  the  directors 
of  which  were  Mat  Brown,  C.  W.  Slocnni,  W.  H.  King,  G.  W. 
Durgin,  Henry  Christ,  M.  O'Connell  and  J.  R.  Wintler,  and  com- 
menced running  in  April  in  coinniand  of  Capt.  Charles  Troup," 
with  Joseph  Hurgy,  mate,  and  Scott  Swetland,  purser.  The  fare 
dropped  to  twenty-five  cents  for  the  round  trip.  The  old  company 
e'.entually  obtained  control  of  the  business,  and  in  1882  the  U^as/i- 
hijLtloii  was  sent  to  the  Sound,  where  she  became  one  of  the  first  boats 
of  the  \Va.-.liington  Steamboat  Company.  After  the  appearance  of 
finer  stes.mers  she  was  retired  from  .service  and  for  the  past  few- 
years  has  been  lai.l  up  near  ICverett  on  the  Snohomish  River,  where 
the  accompanying  illustralion  was  made.  Capt.  Joseph  Burgy  was 
last  in  command  on  the  Columbia,  and  Capt.  Samuel  Jack.son 
operated  her  for  many  years  on  Puget  Sound.  The  Josiph  k'cllogfr. 
constructed  by  the  pioneer  who.se  name  .she  bears,  was  launched  at 
Portland  in  iS.Si.  She  was  a  hand.sonie  sternwheeler  127  feet  long, 
with  engines  from  the  old  steamer  Payloii.  Her  house  and  ujiper 
works  were  of  cedar  and  other  light  woods,  giving  her  great  buoy- 
ancy and  good  speed.  She  was  put  on  the  Cowlitz  route,  where 
she  has  since  remained.  Ht  owner  and  his  sons  Charles  and 
Orriii  commanded  the  .steamer  until  iSijo,  when  \V.  P.  Whitcomb 
took  charge.  She  has  been  snagged  several  times,  but  has  always 
been  raised  without  much  difiiculty  and  is  still  in  good  condition. 

.\notlier  fine  sternwheeler,  i\w  Afainanillo,  was  constructed  at  Portland  in   i.S.Si   by  Capt.  Charles  Bureau,  who 


Cait.  John  jiikihsun 


1S71)  and  till-   foUowiii);  year  was  on  tlie    /.  /.'.  I.ihhw  sulisi-iinciitly 
luiui\ild  ill  .Sail  l"raiH'isco  and  took  a  few  trips  down  tlii'  California 

.  witli  wliiili  lie  reniaimMl  for  nearly  a  year,  aftur  wliicli  lie  went  to 

mas  Hrennan.     lie 


'Oliooliers.  lie  tirst  bewail  steailllKialiiij;  on  the  old  .W/Z/V  it 
tuakiiiv  a  I'oastini;  trip  011  llii-  old  liark  I'.iiuinltl.  He  left  tin 
ooasl,  );iiinn  10  till' .Sound  ayaiii  ill  i.SSi  on  tne  hark  WliislU 
work  oil  tilt'  olil  sti'aiiii'r  ll'elii>iiti\  ooiiiniandi'd  liy  Cajit   Tli 

r.iii  on  iiiarly  all  of  tile  stvaiiiers  of  tlie  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navigation  Coiiipaiiy 
,uicl  riiioii  Pacific  Railroad  in  tlic  capacities  of  malt',  pilot  and  master  until 
.ilKiut  iSSij,  wlitT.  lie  Weill  on  till-  steamer  Wihiaoml  with  Cajit.  Tlunnas  ("■rant, 
KiiiiiniiiK  until  .she  burned.  He  mxl  entered  the  employ  of  the  Columbia 
Kivcr  ,S:  rugcl  Souml  Navi>;aiioii  Company,  comiiiainlint;  at  ililfcrciit  times  the 
yi:-i-lwih>J,  Hdiliv  (,\il:f)l  and  /•'l\,t.  lie  has  been  in  charj^e  of  the  latter 
>U'aiiuM  foi  over  three  years  vithout  losing  a  trip,  and  is  niakiii);  an  cxcclleiu 
ri-cord  as  a  iiavij;ator  and  tlioroa^h  stc.unboatmaii. 

■' Capt.  Henry  Carter  was  Ijorii  in  New  Ilruiiswick  in  iS.sS  ami  moved  to 
IVliiis\lv,iiiia  when  ipiite  yollll(,'.  In  lS7h  he  went  lo  l'u>;el  Sound  and  worked 
;"r  ;i  ti  w  iiKuitbs  on  the  sti-aniev  .  I 'iJii.  Wlu-ii  the  steamer  .  Itiiiir  Sf<-h'iti  f  came 
lomi.l  iroiu  the  Columbia  River  lie  joined  her  as  cpiarlerm:  sler  and  remained 
with  her  and  oil  .  r  steamers  of  the  Starr  line  until  iN-i|,  when  he  went  to  the 
Cohiiiihia  and  shipped  on  the  U'l'iniiirl.i-  (  A/,/' wilh  Capt.  .\.  It.  Pillsbury.  .Xfter 
lii'iiii;  employed  on  the  Wi'lametie  ami  Columbia  for  ei«hteeu  mouths,  he  joined 
tlif  su. liner  Xi'ilh  /'ihi/i,  on  the  Sound,  but  a  few  mouths  later  went  to  the 
mi'lilU-  Coluiiibia,  wlii-ie  he  served  on  the  Mountain  (hn'iit  ami  on  the  .Ihihi'ii  on 
tile  .Sii.ike  River.  lie  afterw.inl  ran  on  the  sti. oners  .V  '/'.  I'liiinh  ami  /hxir 
Thoiiif^^on,  am'  fo-  a  short  tiiiu'  ,'baiiiloiied  ste.iinboatinii  and  en^a|;ed  in  loj.;- 
'Iriviii'.;  oil  the  Vakiina  River.  His  last  work  on  the  Willainetle  ami  Columbia 
was  nil  ihe  (>fii/i>i/  and  A'.  A'.  T/iiiiii/tHin,  leaving;  the  latter  in  IS.S;  to  f;o  to  the 
Soiiiiil,  where  he  has  iiice  lived.  He  has  been  employed  on  all  of  the  Oregon 
Kiiilwn  iV  Navi>;atiou  Coinpauys  sleaineis  in  that  di^tricl.  aiiil  was  with  the 
I'iii'iln  Navigation  Coiiijiain  as  jiihtl  and  master  of  their  steamers  S/it/t-  of 
\\\t'l:i»;lon  and  l\th hnviii,  leaving  that  employ  to  'ake  the  position  of  pilot 
on  th.  I!,iil,v  (fii/ziiI.  He  has  since  reinaiued  111  the  service  of  the  Columbni 
Kiver  \  I'li^et  .Soiiinl  Transjiortation  Company  in  commaiiil  of  the  J-'lft  !:t'i>oil  and 
as|>il..i  oil  the  J-'l\ri . 

'Joseph  Haves,  engineer,  w.is  born  in  Indiana  in  iS^.s,  came  to  the 
Colnni'iia  River  in   1.SS2,  and   commenced   sleamboatinj;   on    the    ll'ist/xii/.     He 

was  .uii'tward  enna^-ed  on  the  /•',',■,•!:, viiil.  was  for  a  loiij;  time  chief  eiinineer  011  the  first  Tili/^liinir.  and  when  the  new  Tfl, [tlioiii 
wasli'lt  lii'hl  a  similar  iiosilion  with  her  for  several  years,  afterward  seivinn  in  the  same  capacity  on  the  (hiiiii  ll'mr.  I'ln/iiir, 
/.Ml/,''  ■  and  other  boats  beloii^iny  lo  Jacob  Kainiii. 

'  Caiit  Charles  Troup  was  born  in  Vancouver,  Wash.,  in  1S5S,  and,  like  the  rest  of  the  family,  coinmeiieed  steaniboatiu),'  at 
a  ver\  ■■.irlv  a|.;e.  He  w.is  first  eii|^ai;eil  as  purser  on  the  sleaintr  (>iit''i/.  riinniii^  on  the  njipi-r  Willamette.  .noiiij,j  from  there  to  the 
iiIi|Ki  i.olumbia  and  Snake  rivers,  where  he  served  on  the  steamers  .hiiiif  /■'iixiui  aini  .l/iiio/ii.  On  returning;  to  the  lowc 
nver  '■  was  connected  with  .1  miinber  of  <iiiall  steamers,  always  nieeliiiK  with  success  in  his  callinj;.  l'"ailiii)4  lieallh  forced  him  .1 
resijit.  iiie  con. maud  of  the  //  aylntti^toH,  and  he  went  to  Calitoriiia,  hoping  the  chau^^e  woiihi  benefit  liiiii.  His  errand  was  fruitless, 
ami  11    |iassed  away  u  few  montlis  !..ter. 


C.M'i.  lliiSMv  e.\Hri-:H 


i 


;# 


11 


Pi 


'  '^Ifl 


11.^; 


I',  VX'"! 


286 


Lewis  ^  Dryd(  n'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


operated  her  on  the  Clatskanine  route,  with  Henry  Pape,"  engineer,  until  i88.s,  when  she  was  purcha>t(l  by 
the  .Shavers,  Captains  George  M.  and  James  W.  Shaver'*  handling  her  until  1892,  when  she  was  sold  to  Waud 
and  Jones.  Her  new  owners  ran  her  for  a  short  time,  and  she  was  then  dismantled,  the  engines  and  house 
subsequently  being  used  on  the  new  /uigeiie.  The  propeller  Arfionaul,  br.ilt  at  Portland  in  issi  hy 
J.  W.  &  V.  Cook,  made  her  trial  trip  March  14th,  with  Fred  Congdon,  captain,  and  Herbert  Holnian,  eiiKiiicer, 
Capt.  John  W.  Brown"'  succeeded  Holman  in  1882  and  had  charge  of  the  steamer  for  seven  years.  Sliu  was 
afterward  in  command  of  Willis  C.  Snow,  and  in  i8go  was  .sold  to  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company, 
after  which  Capt.  Edward  vSuUivan  handled  her  a  short  time.  The  .i>xonaul  is  seventy-six  feet  long,  .seventeen 
feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold. 

The  propeller  General  (iatjield  was  launched  at  Rainier  in  1881  and  was  purchased  by  the  Shoalwatur  Hay 
Transportation  Company,  of  which  L.  A.  Looniis  was  president,  C.  A.  Reed,  secretary,  and  I.  \V.  Cole,  treasurer. 
After  running  a  while  on  Shoalwater  Ray  she  came  back  to  Astoria,  where  she  was  operated  by  Fred  {'.. 
Lewis.  In  1887  she  was  taken  to  Tillamook  by  H.  B.  Johnson,  who  u.sed  her  in  the  towing  and  passenger  trade 
for  two  years  and  then  .-old  her  tn  the  Truckee  Lumber  Company,  who  allowed  her  to  lie  on  the  mud  flats 
for  .several  months  and  then  turned  her  over  to  George  Woodruff  and  S.  F.  Snyder.  She  subsequently  passed 
into  the  hands  of  E.  A.  Snyder,'"  and  is  at  present  owned  by  Claude  Thayer.  The  sternwheel  steamer 
Clara  Parker  was  constructed  at  Astoria  by   H.   B.   Parker,  who  operated  her  for  nearly  ten  years  in  towing 

and  jobbing,  in  command 
of  Capt.  E.  P.  Parker  mo.st 
of  the  time.  The  Lewis  & 
Lake  River  Transportation 
Company,  of  wliich  Isaac 
Thomas  was  tlie  leading 
spirit,  launched  the  steamer 
Deudrop  at  Portland  in  iS.Si, 
She  was  a  diminutive  stern- 
wheeler  with  a  pair  of  misfit 
engines  of  light  capacity, 
and  was  designed  to  run  to 
the  lieadwaters  of  the  streams 
mentioned.  Captain  Thomas 
handled  her  for  .several  years, 
most  of  the  time  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Lnaa  Mawii. 
which  was  started  on  the  run 
two  years  later.  The  first 
steamer  built  on  .Slioahvater 
Bay  appeared  in  i.SSi,  .She 
was  named  the  Sonlli  /find,  in  honor  of  the  place  where  she  was  launched,  and  performed  good  service  on  the 


STKAMKK    "  WASOINtlTON '■    IN   SNOHOMISH    Sl.Ottill 


"Henry  I'ape  was  Imrii  in  Cliioaf,o  in  1S52.  His  first  marine  work  on  tlie  racific  Coast  was  on  the  .'/(fHji;«;//i).  wliii'li  lie 
left  to  Ko  to  I.akc  Cnur  il'.Mone,  where  he  placed  the  machinery  in  the  first  sternwheel  boat  on  the  lake,  the  Oiiir  iVAIi'iit .  mv\ 
ran  as  engineer  with  her  for  live  years.  He  also  superintended  the  hniltliiifi  and  placing  of  the  machinery  in  the  lirsl  ice-lprtakin^ 
steamer  in  the  Northwest,  the  Cieur  d'.Mene  Lake  steamer  Kooliiiai.  which  was  e(|nipped  for  lireakinj;  twenty  inches  of  ^.oliil 
ice.  On  leav'n^  tlie  lake  Mr.  Pjipe  returned  to  Portland  anil  entereil  the  enii)loy  of  the  Willamette  Iron  Works,  where  for  scvetal 
years  he  was  engaged  in  setlinj;  up  steamboat  machinery.  While  so  employed  he  fitted  out  the  I'unet  Sound  steamers  Shi/i'  0) 
Washinxlou,  tu^  Wanderer,  steamer  I'iiiorian  and  others.  When  tile  new  steamer  Sarah  Dixon  w.is  completed  Mr,  I'ape  jniiinl 
her  as  en>;ineer  and  is  still  with  her. 

'■'C.'ipl.  James  W.  Shaver  was  ijorn  in  Silvertou,  Or,  in  1859,  He  Iiegan  steamboating  in  iSHo  on  the  /fydia,  a  ■uiiall 
sternwheeler  owned  and  run  by  Capt.  Charles  Hureau.  Tlie  Hydra  started  from  Portland  for  Salem,  intending  to  carry  wheal  for 
the  mills  at  the  latter  place.  It  took  her  nearly  a  week  to  reach  Salem,  Shaver  narrowly  escaping  a  watery  ({rave  in  nettiii);  1  line 
out  at  I.oiie  Tree  Rapids.  The  Hydra  finally  reached  her  destination,  but  the  water  was  so  low  that  she  could  not  make  cxpviisi's. 
.so  she  returned  to  Portland  and  .startei'  on  the  Clatskanine  route.  Captain  Shaver  remained  with  her  one  trip,  retirin)j  until  lliiie;iii 
completed  a  safer  boat,  the  Afan::aniif.  .  This  steamer  was  one  of  the  ..istest  and  neatest  of  the  small  steamers  on  the  Coluiiihia, 
and  with  her  CajUain  Shaver  ran  lor  many  years.  He  started,  as  purser,  a  year  later  became  mate,  and  served  in  tlii<  i.itler 
capacity  for  five  years.  .-Xfter  Captain  Hurean  left  the  steamer.  .Shaver  took  command  ami  two  years  later  acquired  a  third  imcresl 
in  the  steamer.  His  father  and  brother  afterwanl  purchased  the  balance,  and  with  the  Man:aiiillo  the  Shavers  built  up  a  spliniliil 
business.  When  trade  became  too  extensive  for  tins  steamer,  they  built  the  ^/.  fK  .SV/arv/,  named  after  the  captain's  father.  The 
S/iai'i'r  is  the  birj^est  steamer  that  ever  went  up  so  aniall  and  crooked  a  river.  The  business  continued  to  increase,  and  in  |S  . :  the 
fine  steamer  Sara/i  Di-von  was  added  to  the  (Icet.  In  1894  the  Shaver  Transportation  Company  was  or^.'ini/ed,  Capt.  J.  W.  ^!l.lvt'r 
becoming;  secretary. 

"Capt.  John  W.  Brown  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1855  and  arrived  in  San  Kranciseo  in  1867.  A  few  years  later  h 
to  the  Columbia  River,  where  his  first  steamboalinK  was  on  tlie  Mary  Hell  with  Capt.  James  Fisher,  and  from  her  he  wcui 
Oiler.  Sliiio  /•Viand  SI.  Palnri;  the  latter  bein^  the  first  steamer  in  his  charge.  He  was  afterward  in  '  .iinmaud  of  the  Hen  II 
A'alala,  Sam  and  .hxonaul.  runtunj;  as  master  of  the  latter  steamer  in  the  employ  of  Cook  Hrothers  for  seven  years.  He  lell 
lake  command  of  the  new  Oovernment  tug  (/eurffe  H.  .Veiiilill,  which  he  has  since  handleil  between  Astoria  and  I"ort  Stevir 

''  I*'.  A.  Snyder,  engineer,  Port  Townsend,  w.as  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  iSf>2.     He  comnienced  steamboatin^  oil  the  t" 
River  in   iSSn,  but  afterward  went  to  the  Columbia,  an, I.  with  Capt.   Hrwin   I'arrer,  took  the  (ia:elle  to  Pu^jet  Sound.     1 
subsequently  en^^a^ed  four  years  on  the  steam  schooner  A'osie  Olsen  coasting,  and  was  on  the  steamer  (nirfield  at  Tillainin 
afterward  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  Coquille  ''ivcr.  Koinj<  to  Puget  Soiuid  later  and  entering  the  revenue  service  on  the  SciV; 
left  the  latter  to  take  a  position  as  enj4ineer  on  the  lliiekeye. 


went 
.  liic 

,vr  to 


«as 
He 
He 


purchased  by 
sold  to  Waud 
les  and  house 
in  i.ssi  by 
nan,  engineer, 
irs.  Slif  was 
ion  Company, 
>ng,  seventeen 

ioaUvatcr  Bay 
ole,  trcasnrer. 
A  by  Fred  0, 
js,sengcr  trade 
the  mud  flats 
[ueiitly  passed 
I'lieel  steamer 
ars  ill  towing 
;n   command 

Parker  niost 
The  Lewis  & 
^ansportatioii 

which  Isaac 
the   leading 

I  the  steamer 
Hand  in  iS8i. 
inutive  stern- 
pair  of  misfit 

ht  capacity, 
led  to  run  to 
of  the  streams 
ptaiiiTliiimas 
several  years, 
le  in  connec- 
Lnrca  Mason, 
ed  on  tile  run 
r.      The    lirst 

II  Shoahvater 
n  i.S.Si,  She 
ervicc  on  the 

itillo,  wliirli  hi- 

•.St  ioc-liri'itkiiiji 
indies  "I  ;.olii! 
lere  for  several 
■ainers  ^7ir/("  ('/ 
Ir.  Tape  Joined 


fvilia,  a 
arry  wlie 
1  Ke'uiiit! 
nake  exp 
1^'  inilil  II 
the  Colli 
I  ill  this 
» third  ill 
t  up  a  sp! 
fatlur 
mil  ill  IN  , 
t.  J.  \V.  > 

i  later  \v 
lie  went  ' 

/:eii  II. 
Ik'  lelt  ■ 

t  Stever 

n  the  C 
niiiil,  1' 
illaiiio.ii 
;he.V,v 


■.mall 
a  for 
1  line 
.uses, 
iireau 
nliia, 
hitter 
tercst 
•iidi.l 
The 
.■  the 
laver 

went 
.  the 

ukw 
,rr  tci 

„iille 
was 
He 
He 


The  Closing  Days  of  the  Golden  Era  of  Columbia  River  Steamboating 


387 


C-\1'T.   CllAKl.ES   TkoL'I- 


bay  ('>'■'  many  years.     Capt.  John  W.   Brown  was  her  first  master,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  James  Johnson, 

J.  H.  Whitconil),   A.    M.   Sproule,'"  Fred  W'hitcoinb,  and    a   number  of  others.     Will  A.  Barrows''  was  for  a 

long  t;me  engineer. 

Other  steamers  completed  in  the   Willamette  district  in    1881    were  the  small  sternwheeler  AV///>  by  A. 

Preso'it.  the  propeller  licrtha  by  Jacob  Han.sen,  both  at  Salem,  the   I'avorilc  at  Chinook,  the  Robert  Lincoln  at 

Portland,  and  the  steam  ferries  .llbhia,  Salem  and  Jcanncltc.  The  Nellie  was 
run  by  J.  L.  vSmith.  The  Henry  Villard,  the  finest  steamer  yet  built  so  far 
inland,  was  launched  at  Steamboat  Landing,  Lake  Pend  d'Oreille,  August  17, 
1881.  Capt.  George  Pease  .superintended  her  construction  and  took  command 
on  completion,  with  William   L.  Button,"'  engineer.     Capt.  K.  A.  Swift,''  at 

tpresL'ut  a  well  known  Puget  Sound  steamboatman,  was  one  of  the  crew.  The 
X'illard  was  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long,  twenty-.seven  feet  beam,  and  six 
feet  hold,  with  engines  from  the  Fanny  Patton  seventeen  by  sixty  inches,  and 
was  operated  in  connection  with  the  construction  department  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad.  The  City  oj  Salem  and  Salem  were  purchased  by  William 
Reid.  who  operated  them  in  connection  with  the  Oregonian  Railway.  The  tug 
Mary  Taylor  was  dismantled,  the  machinery  being  used  by  Z.  J.  Hatch  in  the 
steamer  Yaijiiina,  and  the  hull  was  afterward  sold  to  Capt.  jani-j:'  Delgardno, 
who  transformed  it  into  a  .sealing  schooner.  A  mammoth  barge  christen- J  the 
Ark  was  launched  at  Portland  in  December  by  George  W'idler.  The  steamer 
Idaho  was  piloted  over  the  Cascades,  July  nth,  by  Capt.  T.  W.  Troup. 

Steamboat  competition  on   the   Fraser  River  flourished   with    unabated 
vigor   throughout    the    year    1881.      Capt.    William    Moore    was   running   the 
Weslirn  Slope  between  Vale  and  New  Westminster,  and  the  Cassiar  was  pitted  against  her.     The  Royal  City 
\va.s  also  in  the  fight.     Commodore  John  Irving  built   the   splendid   sternwheeler  l-.li:abcth  Irving,  the    finest 
steamer  on  the  river.     She  was  one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  feet  long  and  thirty-three  feet  beam,  with  immense 
power.     Her  keel  was  laid  at  Laurel  Point  in  April,  and  .she  was  launched  in  June,  making  her  first  run  to  Yale 
in  Septemlier.     On  her  .second  trip  she  caught  fire  at  Hope  while  landing,  and  was  cut  loo.se  from  the  dc?k  in 
order  to  save  the  town.     She  floated  down  to  Italian  Bar,  where  .she  .stranded  and  burned  to  tlr»»w«rtef's  tdge! 
Tlie  steamers  Western  Slope  and  Cassiar  were  coming  up  the  river  at  the  time  and  made  an  effort  to  save  the  hull 
by  pumping  it  full  of  water,  but  were  unable  to  accomplish  their  purpose.     The  /iiini;  was  in  command  of  her 
owner,  with  Charles  Jennings,  engineer.     She  cost  over  $50,000  and  was  uninsured.     The  loss  fell  rather  heavily 
(111   Irving,   who,   undismayed    by   a    misfortune   which   would    have 
crushed  a  man  of  ordinary   mold,  rallied  his  forces  and  began  work 
on  other  steamers.     The  Wilson  G.  Hunt  was  sold  to  J.  Spratt,  who 
put  her  on  the  east  coast  route  in  place  of  the  Maude.     Other  small 

steamers  in  British  Columbia  waters  were  the  /ivan^eline,  a  missionary  ,^f 

lina!  built  at  Bales'  shipyard,  Tacoina,  for  the  Bishop  of  New  Caledonia.  ''*' 

The  /ivai/xeline  was  forty-six   feet  long,  ten  feet  beam,  and  four  and  ^4 

one-lialf  feet   hold,  and   made   a   number  of  extended  cruises  to  the  9^    iL<       'J 

outposts  of  civilization.  The  .Ida  was  running  between  Xanaimo  and 
New  Westmin.ster,  the  /ris  in  the  local  trade  out  of  \"ictoria,  and  a 
numlier  of  others  were  following  the  different  routes. 

"Capt.  .v.  M.  Sjiroule,  South  lieiiil,  was  liorii  in  Maine  in  i.Ssi)  and  00111- 
nii'iiiicl  Meanihoating  on  Shoahvater  Itay  on  the  loiii  Monis  in  |SS.|.  He  was 
.illiTVMiril  engaged  011  the  steamers  Sniitli  lU'iul  iiiid  l-Al^itr  and  is  in  coniniaml  of 
Uie  latter  steamer  at  the  present  time.  Before  KO'"K  'o  Shoahvater  Hay  lie  served 
l"r  a  (ear  as  mate  of  the  tUK  lliiiitcr  on  Cray's  Harhor.  Trior  to  coming  to  the 
l-'oast.  Captain  .Sproule  hail  nearly  fifteen  years'  experience  in  deep-water  vessels, 
siilini;  nut  of  Maine  ports  in  the  African  trade  as  mate  and  master, 

'Will  \.  Harrows,  engineer,  wa.-,  born  in  Car.soii  City,  Nev.,  in  1.S67,  and 
iMiiii  10  the  I'arific  Coast  in  i.S.So.  He  was  first  engaged  oil  the  lug  t'ii/«;//A/ii  at 
Aston  I  anil  lias  since  lieeii  employed  on  the  steamers  Novilly,  Lillian,  I'nioii, 
^•ovini.tr  Xewt'll,  (leth'titl  Custer,  Motintain  lliitl\  /Restless,  lutiiar,  .South  Ih'int, 
I'iiiii  Mttnis  and  City  of  .Istorin.  He  is  at  present  chief  of  tile  latter  steamer, 
itiil  li.iN  held  ail  engineer's  license  for  six  years. 

'William  I,.  Hnttoii  was  Ixirti  in  Massachusetts  in  1.S2.1  and  in  early  life  followed  tile  i)rofession  of  a  locomotive  engineer. 
Hk  til  ;  steainliimting  was  in  1S69  011  the  Portland  and  Astoria  route,  where  he  ran  on  the  (U-iiiioQit'i  with  Captain  .Snow,  contiiiucil 
niiuuri.;  on  the  Coliiiiihia,  C'iiSiiiite.<,  /iiiiiiio  //ityuani,  /wvrHf  and  other  boats,  and  then  went  to  I.ake  I'einl  il'Oreille,  where  he 
Iilaocil  the  machinery  ill  the  lleiny  liilaiil,  continuing  with  the  steamer  for  two  years.  He  next  joined  the  kali,  llaltell  on 
Clark  I'ork  of  the  Columhi  1,  and,  when  the  Northern  Pacific  was  coiiiploteil  and  steanilmats  were  rendereil  unnecessary  in  that 
"wiiiv  hf  went  to  the  transfer  lioat  Fiedriiik  /liltiiif^s,  reiiiainiiig  with  her  until  .Viusworl'i's  liriilge  was  completed,  then  retiring 
from  '.  ,1-  water.     lie  is  at  present  living  at  Portland. 

Capt.  IC.  A.  Swift,  .Seattle,  Wash,,  son  of  Capt.  J.  H,  .Swift,  a  pioneer  mariner  of  the  Northwest,  was  liorn  on  Wliidliy 
Maiiii  Voiiiig  Swift  coinnieiiccd  his  marine  career  on  the  steamer  lleiiiy  rillanl  mi  I.ake  Pend  d'Oreille  in  |8S|,  went  from  there 
111  the  laser  River,  where  he  was  engaged  on  a  nuniher  of  steamers,  and  afterward  to  Puget  Soiiiul,  where  he  has  for  several  years 
liken    n  active  part  ill  a  nniiilier  of  steamhoat  ventures.     He  has  commanded  the  steamer  Mal>el  for  the  past  three  year.s. 


Cai't.  John  W.  Ukuwn 


il 


J     1 1       I 


288 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


The  Sound  fleet  was  reinforced  by  the  Welcome  and  Anitie  Stewart,  previously  mentioned  as  coniinj,'  from 
the  Columbia,  and  the  A'//"  Van  Winkle,  which  was  sold  at  Astoria  in  December  by  Capt.  J.  C.  Haiiuw  to 
Jensen  &  Smith  of  Seattle,  who  put  her  on  the  Hood's  Canal  route  in  February,  1.S.S2.  The  tuj;  Ilonut  was 
launched  at  Port  Blakely  and  the  steamer  Jessie  at  Seattle,  the  latter  being  sold  the  following  year   to  Capt,  J.  G. 

Parker,  who  subsequently  operated  her  in  connection  with  tin.'  Ma. 

-' -    •  senger.     The  tug  Hope  was  constructed  in  September  by  Gilmore  & 

Lott  of  Seattle.  She  is  eighty  feet  long,  :  ixteen  feet  beam,  ami  is 
still  performing  good  service  at  Victoria,  where  she  has  been  luiiulled 
for  many  years  by  Captain  Holmes  in  the  service  of  the  Sayward 
Mill.  The  propeller  Loeiist  was  brought  up  from  San  Kraiicisco  and 
used  in  the  harbor  at  Seattle.  She  was  too  small  for  much  business, 
and  the  Jcannic,  built  at  Port  Townsend,  was  not  much  larger.  The 
small  sternwheeler  Lily  was  set  afloat  at  Seattle.  She  is  sevcnty-lhree 
feet  long,  .sixteen  feet  beam,  and  three  feet  hold,  and  is  still  in  exist- 
ence, with  Daniel  Benson  last  in  command.  The  steamer  ISi::  was 
constructed  at  Arcadia.  She  is  a  well  built  vessel,  seventy-seven 
feet  long,  nineteen  feet  beam,  and  .seven  feet  five  inches  hold,  and  is 
still  in  active  service  in  charge  of  her  owner,  Capt.  Edward  Miller.- 
She  has  been  used  most  of  the  time  in  the  towing  and  jol)bing  trade, 
but  in  July,  1883,  was  chartered  to  Capt.  H.  F.  Heecher,  who  had 
purcha.sed  the  Port  Town.send  &  Bellingham  Bay  route.  She  was 
handled  in  this  trade  by  Capt.  J.  1,.  Oliver.  The  steamers  Seattle, 
built  at  Settle,  and  the  Shoo  Fly  at  Coupeville,  were  also  acMed  to 
the  list.  On  Coos  Bay  the  small  propeller  Alert  and  the  scho<iners 
James  A.  Garfield  SlwA  John  G.  AW// were  completed  in  i,S8i.  The 
steamer  Annie  was  sold  in  December  to  go  to  the  Umpcjua.  Other 
CAiT.  K.  A,  swiiT  additions  to  the  fleet  of  steam  and  sailing  ve.ssels  were  the  small 

steamers  . // A7  and  Sea  Witeti  at  Seattle,  the  three-masted  .schooners 
Maria  /;".  Smith,  365  tons,  Lottie  Carson,  286  tons,  and  Annie  Larson,  376  tons,  at  Port  Blakely,  the  barkentines 
Mary  Winkleniaii,  5,^2  tons,  and  Retriever,  548  tons,  at  Seabeck,  Kitsap,  694  tons,  at  Port  I.udlow,  and  the 
schooner  /'ranees  Alice,  125  tons,  at  ,St.  Helens.  The  /.  C'.  Cousins  was  purcha.sed  in  San  Francisco  and  put  on 
the  Columbia  River  bar  as  a  State  pilot-boat,  entering  the  service  in  March  in  opposition  to  the  Flavel  monopoly. 
The  first  cargo  of  wheat  to  go  foreign  from  Puget  Sound  was  shipped  from  Tacoma,  November  5,  iS.Si,  on 
the  American  ship  Dakota,  Capt.  J.  F.  Gilkey.  The  Columbia  River 
grain  fleet  was  larger  than  in  any  previous  year,  and  included  142 
ve.ssels,  five  of  which  loaded  at  Astoria.  The  smallest  of  the  fleet 
was  the  British  ship  Odiilia,  4,^6  tons,  the  largest  the  British  ship 
'/'rafatgar,  766  tons.  Forty-three  were  over  one  thousand  tons. 
The  rapid  growth  of  this  branch  of  the  marine  business  demanded 
additional  pilot  .servue  on  the  bar,  and  accordingly  branch  licenses 
were  issued  to  Captains  J.  Iv  Campbell  "  and  Charles  S.  Gunderson.'' 
The  American  bark  U'caltliy  Pendleton  arrived  at  Portland  in  Novem- 
ber with   the  first  direct  importation  of  tea,  — 1,033   packages  from 


'-Capt,  KiKvard  Miller,  a  native  of  Syracuse,  N.  V.,  has  l)een  eii^agecl  in 
the  marine  l)usiiies:;  lor  forty  one  years.  His  first  experience  on  I'uj^et  Sound 
was  in  1S64.  when  lie  was  enj^aKed  with  the  sloop  Waiidiur,  which  he  operated 
in  the  Iradinj^  hnsiness  for  lifteeu  years.  He  is  at  present  master  and  owner  of 
the  lug  A'/c,  which  he  has  oj)erated  for  twelve  >ears. 

^■'Capt.  J.  H.  Campbell  was  horn  in  Wisconsin  in  1S39,  hegan  sailinf(  on 
the  Lakes  when  a  l)oy  01  fourteen,  reuiainiuj,'  there  two  seasons,  then  H'>'">4  '" 
New  York,  when,  lie  sailed  in  the  Illack  Star  and  Hlaek  Hall  lines  for  sixteen 
years,  lie  came  to  .\storia  in  Noveinlier,  iS;6,  lint  was  afterward  sailing  on  the 
coast  until  iSSi,  when  he  .igain  returned  to  the  Columbia  and  began  piloting  on 
the  bar,  continuing  in  this  work  until  rSSg,  when  the  I'nion  I'acihc  took  charge 
of  the  mouth  of  the  river.  While  in  the  pilot  .service  Captain  Campbell  was 
always  an  earnest  worker  for  the  recognition  of  the  men  employed  in  his  danger- 
ous calling,  anil  his  protests  at  Salem  against  unjust  measures  ignorantly  framed 
to  injure  the  jiilots  was  so  effective  that  ill  1S92  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature.  While  tlieit  he  succeeded  in  having  passed  what  is  known  as  the  Campbell  p'lot  law.  a  measure  that,  while  ii 
all  that  was  desired,  was  more  than  was  expected,  and  for  which  Captain  Campbell  will  always  be  entitled  to  grateful  reiiieni' 
■Soon  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Legi.ilalure  he  was  appointed  to  the  position  of  inspector  at  the  .\storia  custom  house, 

■' Capt.  Charles  ,S.  {;iiii(lerson  was  born  in  Bergen,  Norway,  in  1S54.  His  father  was  a  pilot  on  the  coast  of  Norwa> 
enabled  young  Cluiiderson  to  become  familiar  with  the  sea  ami  various  kinds  of  water  craft.  In  1S69  he  shipped  before  ti  ' 
and,  after  sailing  around  the  world,  landed  in  the  fnited  Slates  in  1S72.  l''our  years  later  he  came  to  this  Coast  am' 
tugboating  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  reniaiuing  there  until  i,S7S,  when  he  went  to  Chicago  and  took  conimaml  of  a  1 1: 
steamer.  The  attractions  of  salt  water  were  too  great,  however,  and  after  a  few  months  on  the  lake  he  returned  to  As!' 
joined  the  tug  C.J.  Hreiilmm  as  mate,  remaining  there  until  i.S.Si,  when  he  was  granted  a  bar  pilot's  license.  He  couli 
this  work  until  iSSy,  when  the  Union  Pacific  inoiiopoli/.ed  the  pilotage  business  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.     Captain  Ouiidei^ 


IT,    J, 


-,  not 
nice. 

This 

man 
lake 

I  anil 
.1  in 

ilien 


coming  from 
C.  Hailuw  to 
IS  I  Until  I  was 
to  Capl.  J.  G. 
with  till-  .)/«. 
by  GiliiKire  & 

beam,  and  is 
i  been  liandled 

the  Sayward 
Francisco  and 
iiiich  business. 
1  larger.  Tlie 
i  seventy-three 

.still  in  exist- 
;amer  lii-^  was 

seventy-seven 
es  hold,  and  is 
Iward  Miller.' 
jobbing  trade, 
;her,  who  had 
ute.  She  was 
amers  Siiillk, 
•  also  added  to 
the  schooners 
in  1 88 1.  The 
ip<iua.  Other 
ere  the  small 
ited  schooners 
le  barkentines 
How,  and  the 
CO  and  pnt  on 
el  nionopiily. 
er  5,  i.s.Si ,  on 


The  Closing  Days  of  the  Golden  Era  of  Columbia  River  Steamboaiing 


289 


C.Vl'T.   Cil.VKI.HK   S.   f.l  NDKRSON 


wliile  11 

^1 

l;i  ta, 
Liiunu 

reiiUMn' 

^1 

use. 
N()rwa\ 

fl 

lii(illi> 
I'rani- 

elori'  til. 

B 

l.v  111,. 

last  nil'! 
of  a  1  ir 

lake            ■ 

iiiasti. 

illlUKl 

Ifl 

1                   j^t 
llieu            B 

iiliinll. 
lH.\i,. 
Irolll  1 

Vokol'.ania.     The  ship  CaronihicI,  in  after  years  a  well  known  lumber  drogher,  made  a  remarkable  run  in  1881. 

In  cuniniand  of  Capt.  VV.  F.  Stetson  ''  she  sailed  from  Yokohama,  October  Stli,  and  twenty-two  tlays  later  dropped 

.incho:  ill  San  Francisco  harbor. 

Di.saster  followed  disaster  with  terrible  frequency  in  iS.Si,  and  a  great  number  of  lives  and  much  valuable 

propel  ly  were  sacrificed.     The  fleet  bound  for  the  Columbia  River  met  with  a  greater  number  of  accidents  than  in 

any  other  single  year.  The  first  of  the  unfortunate  vessels  was  the 
British  bark  A«/n//rt,  from  Iliogo  for  the  Columbia  in  ballast.  vShe  was 
beating  up  the  coast  on  the  night  of  January  3d  in  a  dense  fog.  The 
lighthou.se  on  Tillamook  Rock  was  in  course  of  construction,  and  about 
8:00  1',  .M.  Captain  Wheeler,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  work,  was 
startled  l)y  the  sound  of  voices  outside.  The  weather  was  thick,  with  a 
strong  .southwest  gale,  but  they  at  once  sighted  the  red  light  of  a  ship 
inshore,  and  heard  a  terror-stricken  voice  give  the  order,  "  Hard  aport." 
Captain  Wheeler  immediately  ordered  lanterns  placed  in  the  uncompleted 
tower,  and  as  (piickly  as  po.ssible  a  large  bonfire  was  lighted.  The  glare 
lit  up  the  scene  so  that  Wheeler  and  his  men  could  plainly  .see  the  ves.sel 
struggling  to  escape,  le.ss  than  six  hundred  feet  away.  Her  yards  were 
aback,  and  she  seemed  to  be  working  out  of  the  dangerous  place,  but 
soon  afterward  the  red  light  disapjieared  and  no  further  cries  were  heard 
from  tho.se  on  board.  The  watchers  were  hopeful  that  she  had  succeeded 
in  working  out  of  her  perilous  position,  but  when  morning  dawned  a 
.shattered  topmast  and  other  jiortions  of  the  rigging  were  discovered 
above  the  surface  of  the  water  near  the  rocks  alongshore.  Not  a  soul 
was  left  to  tell  the  tale,  but  the  next  day  the  bodies  of  twelve  men  were 
washed  up  on  the  beach.  Whining  about  them  was  a  half-grown  shep- 
herd dog,  which  had  been  more  fortunate  than  his  human  companions. 

The  Lupixtiii  was  in  command  of  the  mate,  11.  H.  Rav.'n,  her  master,  Irvine,  having  died  at  sea  on  the  way  out 

from  Antwerp.     She  carried  a  crew  of  sixteen  men,  and  most  of  the  bodies  were  recovered,  although  the  difficulty 

of  comniuiiication  with  the  coast  at  that  point  necessitated  their  burial  on  the  spot.     The  American  bark  Rival, 

Capt.  Thomas  B.  Adams,  stranded  on  Peacock  Spit,  September  i.^th.     She  was  fit  loiili-  from  San  Francisco  to 

Kiiapplon  with  a  small  cargo  of  hay  and  shingles.     Pilot  Hansen  was  sailing  her  in  over  the  bar.  when  the  wind 

suddenly  shifted  to  the  east.     The  tug  .  Isloria  was  hailed,  but  the 

heavy  sea  parted  the  hauling  line  attached  to  her  hawser,  .so  that  the 

hark  was  unable  to  secure  it.     The  starboard  anchor  was  then  let  go, 

hut  the  chain  parted  ;   the  .second  anchor  held,  and  .she  brought  up 

witli   three   fathoms  under  the  stern.     At   i:,^o  i'.  .m.  .she   grounded 

and  contiiuied  pounding  heavily  until  21,^,0,   when    she   slipped    her 

anchor  chain  and  drifted  a.shore  between  Cape  Disappointment  and 

.McKciizie's  Head.     Captain  Adams  and  wife  and  the  crew  took  to 

the  lioats   and   landed  in  safety.     The   Rival  was  an  old-timer  on 

luirtlicni  routes  and  at  the  date  of  her  loss  was  valued  at  about  SS.oim. 
The    British    ship  /'cut  G/iii,  the  first  of  a  ([uartet  of  grain 

VLSsels  which  perished  within  a  month,  was  wrecked  on  Clatsop  Spit, 

October  ifith.     She  was  a  compai.  lively  small  vessel  of  8i,S  tons,  in 

command  of  Capt.  F.  Budd,  with  a  crew  of  twenty  men,  bound  from 

Wellington,  New  Zealand,  for  the  Columbia  River.     The  di.saster  was 

caused  by  the  captain's  igi.orance  of  the  presence  of  Tillamook  light 

,iiid  cif  the  corresponding  change  made   in   the  coloi    of  the    Point 

.\daiiis  light.     .She  went  ashore  at  4;!  10  .\.  m.  in  good  weather,  and 

all  hands  remained  with  her  through  the  day  discharging  ballast  and 

rrtiriil  liom  tlii'  walur  iiiid  iMigagiil  In  the  real  estate  liiisiness  at  Astoria  for  a 

slicirt  liiiit'.  hut  afterward,  in  company  witli   Tluiinas  Russell  and  C.  .Soteusen, 

|iiiri'li:is(  d  the  steamer  lilirliic,  wliicii  was  jilaced  on  tlie  Cliilso|i  route,  Cuuder- 

-"II  tiiUiiin  ooiiiiuaiid  and  running  lier  until  a  short  time  ago,  wlieii  tliey  sold  her 

.  \Villmr  liabhidge.     Captain  (.fiinderson  was  elected  recorder  of  Clalsoji  catt   w   i-"  sikvson 

111  i8<j4. 

'  Caiit.  \V.  1".  Slelson  was  liorn  in  Maine  in  iSjo,  niaile  his  first  sea  voyage  in  |H()6  on  the  ship  /.  //,  Slelsan,  owned  by  his 
,  and  remained  with  her  in  the  cotton  trade  until  iS;,;.  In  i.SSi  he  made  a  record  lueakiug  run  from  Vokoliama  to  San 
ro  with  the  .Ainericaii  ship  CaioiiJfUi.  lie  .sailed  from  the  Oriental  port  at  midnight  Oclolier  Stli,  with  Ips  sniji  thirty  inches 
'lead,  and  arrived  in  .San  Francisco,  October  .V'tli,  twenty-two  days  from  anchor  to  anchor  without  steam  or  pilot.  He  was 
ol  the  CiXroiiililcl  for  many  years,  and  afterward  brought  to  I'uget  Sound  the  first  cargo  of  merchaiiilise  ever  received  on  the 
•ea  direct  from  a  foreign  port.  Captain  Stetson  has  made  ten  vo\ages  round  the  world,  the  last  two  of  whicli  were  in  ten 
Old  nine  luoiuhs  and  twenty-eight  days  respectively,  lie  has  made  tlie  record  passage  of  thirty-two  days  from  Port  Ctamble 
dia,  ami  had  remarkable  success  witli  all  of  his  voyages  until  late  in  iSy4,  when  the  bark  /uiiniiizii,  with  a  cargo  of  Innilier 
■rt  Gamble,  was  wrecked  at  Delagoa  Hay,  .Sonlli  Africa. 


I'M 


i-;-  W- 


li-.     1^ 


;;t;|i',  11 


Mr 


ago 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Wrl: 


iD. 


expecting  to  get  her  over  the  spit.  Their  efforts  were  fruitless,  ami  when  a  heavy  southeast  gale  drove  hir  l:irtlicr 
up  oil  the  beach  the  distress  signal  was  hoisted.  The  General  Caiihy  went  to  tlie  rescue  hut  was  unable  tu  itniler 
assistance.  At  i);o<)  .\.  M.  on  the  eighteenth  she  began  to  heel  over  and  at  9:30  the  ballast  shifted.  .Sin.-  soon 
began  to  part  amidships,  and  at  noon  the  crew  succeeded  in  launching  a  boat  in  a  damaged  condition,  uliicli, 
however,  enabled  them  to  reach  the  tug  Columbia,  and  they  were  conveyed  to  Astoria.  The  Hritisli  hnrk 
Lammerhni',  746  tons.  Captain  I'ringle,  from  Newcastle  for  Portland  with  a  cargo  of  coal,  went  aslidif  al 
lyeadbetter  Point,  October  31st,  and  became  a  total  lo.ss.  The  master  mistook  Slioalv  ater  Hay  for  the  nioiilli  of 
the  Columbia  and  was  hard  aground  before  he  realized  his  error.  The  crew  were  taker,  off  by  Capt.  Al  .Strtaiii 
and  a  life-saving  crew  from  the  bay,  and  the  vessel  w^nt  to  pieces  soon  after  their  departure.  Captain  Priiifjlc  of 
the  Lamiiurlaw  and  Captain  Budd  of  the  Fern  Glen  were  both  censured  by  the  board  of  inquiry  for  the  loss  of 
their  vessels.  The  Laitimeilaw  was  an  iron  ves.sel,  three  years  old,  valued  at  Syo.ooo.  The  Brilisli  hark 
G.  lUvuglttoii,  803  tons,  Captain  Payne,  from  Brisbane  for  the  Columbia  River,  was  one  day  beliiml  ilie 
Lammerlan',  and  her  captain  made  the  same  mistake.  He  anchored  on  the  night  of  October  31st  so  close  in  to 
Leadbetter  Point  that  early  the  next  morning  the  rising  .sea  parted  the  chain,  and  she  was  unable  to  get  ofi"  shore. 
When  she  touched  the  sands  the  mizzenmast  was  cut  away  but  failed  to  ea.se  her.  She  remained  in  an  upright 
position  for  three  or  four  days,  until  a  heavy  southeaster  came  up  and  battered  iier  to  pieces.  The  /hviif^htoii  was 
owned  by  Peter  Iredale  and  valued  at  54", ""o.     She  carried  a  crew  of  .sixteen  men,  all  of  whom  reached  shore. 

The  British  bark  lulitli  Lome,  803  tons,  Capt.  William  Watt,  wheat-laden  for  (Jueenstown,  was  wrecked 
November  17th  while  attempting  to  sail  out  over  the  middle  sands  at  the  mouth  of  tiie  Columbia  River.  The 
wind  died  away,  and  the  heavy  seas  caught  her  in  their  trough,  .so  that  she  struck  heavily.  The  tide  kept  her 
moving,  with  the  waves  breaking  clear  over  her.  Three  hours  after  she  .struck  the  sternpost  gave  way,  and  she 
began  to  leak  badly.  Capt.  Al  Harris  arrived  from  I'ort  Canby  with  a  life-'^aving  crew  and  rescued  all  on  board. 
The  ve.s.sel  broke  up  shortly  afterward.  The  lidilh  Lome  was  drawing  but  eighteen  feet  of  water,  while  the 
Ilrilish  ship  Xapier,  which  passed  out  ahead  of  her,  was  drawing  twenty-one  feet  six  inches.  The  /.(i/v.v  was 
valued  at  $60,000,  cargo  at  $44,000.  The  Chilean  bark  Twenty-fiiit  of  May,  830  tons.  Captain  I, unci ,  from 
Valparaiso  for  Port  Ludlow,  was  wrecked  on  Bentic  Island,  opposite  Race  Rocks,  December  loih.  She  was 
beating  up  the  Straits  when  a  squall  struck  her,  and  in  tacking  she  missed  stays  and  became  unmanaj;eal)le. 
Anchors  were  let  go  but  failed  to  hold,  and  she  drifted  stern  first  on  the  rocks,  the  rudder  being  carried  away  as 
soon  as  she  struck.  The  vessel  was  formerly  called  the  Cornelia .  and  owed  her  change  of  name  to  the  victory  of 
the  Chileans  over  the  Peruvians,  May  21st.  The  wreck  was  sold  to  James  Miller  for  $6110.  The  schooner  Kiile  L. 
Heron,  Capt.  Charles  Yarneberg,  from  Tillamook  to  Portland,  was  wrecked  on  Tillamook  bar,  April  Z7tli,  wliile 
sailing  out  with  a  cargo  of  wool.  The  crew  were  saved,  but  the  ves.sel  became  a  total  loss.  She  was  valued  at 
$2,500  and  insured  for  $1,000.  The  sloop  Pilot's  liride,  Capt.  C.  H.  Lewis,  from  Nestucca  for  Portland,  stranded 
on  Nestucca  bar,  August  ist,  and  became  a  total  lo.ss.  The  .-Vmerican  .shij)  Olymftus,  one  of  the  finest  vessels  ever 
Iniilt  in  the  Northwest,  burned  at  sea  in  latitude  47°  19',  longitude  132°  25',  September  14th,  while  en  route  iVoni 
San  Francisco  for  Seabeck  in  command  of  Capt.  W.  F.  ICdwards,  with  a  crew  of  twenty-one,  and  three  passengers, 
all  of  whom  were  rescued  by  the  .ship  War  lla-^'k.  Captain  Hinds.  The  Olyniftiis  was  valued  at  $70,01  n  and 
insured  for  $40,000.     She  carried  a  $12,000  cargo,  which  was  also  fully  covered  by  insurance. 

The  Clatsop  Chief,  a  small  sternwheeler,  with  a  scow  in  tow,  was  cut  in  two  by  the  steam.ship  Orexon  near 
Willow  bar  on  the  Columbia,  February  2Sth,  and  Henry  Aminous,  ciptain  of  the  scow,  Andrew  Ray.  fireman. 
and  John  Sonney,  deckhand  on  the  steamer,  were  drowned.  The  Cliief  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  W.  p;.  .Mileliell  ' 
and  Kngineer  W.  S.  Holmes,"'  the  latter  having  a  miraculous  escajie.  There  were  no  side  doors  from  the 
engine-room,  and  the  steamer  sank  immediately,  so  that  he  was  obliged  to  feci  his  way  along  the  steam  pipe  uiiler 
water  until  he  reached  the  gangway.  The  steamer  was  afterward  raised  and  lengthened.  The  schooner  l\mily 
Stevens,  from  Kureka  with  lumber  for  Portland,  drifted  on  Clatsop  Spit,  F'ebruary  .Sth,  and  was  abandoned  by 
the  crew,  who  were  rescued  by  the  tug  Columbia,  Capt.  Eric  Johnson.  The  schooner  afterward  went  out  over  the 
middle  sands  and  was  picked  up  comparatively  uninjured  and  towed  to  Astoria  by  the  Columbia.  'I'lie  tnj^ 
was  awarded  $95"  salvage,  Capt.  Kric  Johnson,  master,  $250.  Pilot  Hewett,  who  was  aboard,  $2,15,  the 
engineer  $170,  firemen  $.Si)  each,  three  deckhands  and  a  cook  $75  each.  The  American  bark  Av/«/V  fills.  Captain 
Tervert,  from  Port  Town.send  for  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  stranded  at  Mahukona  during  a  heavy  gale  and  liec  miea 
total  loss.  The  United  States  surveying  steamer  Koili^ers  was  burned  in  St.  Lawrence  Hay,  Silicria,  and  tin  caw 
were  subse(|uently  rescued  by  the  whaler  North  Star.  Captain  Owen,  transferred  to  the  revenue  cutter  C'r;, n  and 
taken  to  Sitka.     Among  other  well  known  coasters  of  early  days  which  met  their  fate  in   i.s.Si   was  ll);  bark 


lol 


hi;  I 


"Capt.  W.  1'".  Mitchell  was  born  in  OreKon  in  1S56,  began  steanibo.UinK  on  the  Clatsof>  Cliit[/"\\\  1S76,  ami  lias  been  t 
with  towboats  owned  by  Capt.  I'.  H.  Jones  most  of  the  time  r.ince.     .\t  present  he  is  on  the  steamer  I'liletju. 

'"  W.  .S  Holmes,  engineer,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  185.),  be^an  sleamboatinf,'  al  Portland  in  1S76  on  the  steam  stow  //'  ;)«,'//i' 
.S'(/Hi(.'i',  and  from  this  craft  went  to  the  Hydra  in  1.S.S0.  lie  was  engineer  on  the  latter  ves.sel  when  siie  sank  in  the  Clatskani:  1  Kiyir 
with  a  car^o  of  telef;raph  poles,  of  which  the  crew  made  a  raft  and  floateil  ashore,  aflcrwanl  rigK'"K  •'  windlass,  wiiii  '.vlncli 
they  raised  the  steai!ier,  making  a  temporary  patch  with  sacks  of  nunl.  The  telegraph  jjoles  were  then  rcloatled  and  1  ken  to 
Portland,  where  a  few  repairs  were  made  to  the  honse,  and  the  steamer  proceeileil  to  the  Cascades.  .She  was  rather  liKh'  P  "'■■ '"' 
the  swift  cnrrenl  there  and  was  obliged  to  make  the  last  half  mile  of  her  trip  with  the  aid  of  two  yoke  of  cattle  Ir".  'U'll  to 
the  bow,  canal-boat  fashion.  Sir.  Holmes  was  engineer  on  the  Ctnlsop  Chief  when  she  was  cnt  in  two  by  the  steamer  Oi  .,."<  "' 
iSSi.  The  fireman  and  three  others  were  drowned.  Holmes  escaped  by  following  the  steam  pipes  from  the  engine-roc  1  1  I"  ll'^' 
gangway,  and  thence  feeling  his  way  along  the  timbers  until  he  reached  the  door  and  came  to  the  surface. 


ale  drove  her  iirtlier 
ivas  unalilc  U\  under 
t  shifted.  She-  soon 
ed  condition,  uhidi, 

The  Hritish  hark 
Dili,  went  asluire  al 
liay  for  tlie  nioulli  of 
by  Capt.  Al  Stream 

Captain  l'riiii;lt  of 
quiry  for  the  loss  of 

The  British  bark 
)ne  day  behind  the 
)er  ,vst  so  close  in  to 
lable  to  get  ofl'  shore. 
nained  in  an  npriglit 
The  />roi/i;/i/i>n\\as 
loni  reached  shore. 
istown,  was  wrecked 
dumbia  Kiver.     The 

The  tide  kept  her 
;t  gave  way,  and  she 
■e.sciled  all  on  board. 
of  water,  while  the 
lies.  The  /.oi m-  was 
Captain  I.nnd,  from 
nber  null.  She'  was 
came  iinniana;;eal)le. 
jcing  carried  away  as 
lanie  to  the  victory  of 
riie  schooner  k'nie  L. 
ar,  April  27111,  while 
.  .She  was  valued  at 
or  Portland,  stranded 
.he  finest  vessels  ever 

while  en  roult   from 

iiid  three  pa.sseiij;crs, 

ned  at  5711,111  «■  and 

eatnship  On-jioii  near 
iidrew  Ray,  fireman, 

apt.  \V.  K.  Mitchell  ' 
side  doors  frcmi  the 
the  steam  pijie  nii.ler 
The  schooner  I'.mih 
1  was  abandoned  by 
rd  went  out  over  the 
Columbia.  Tlu'  Ui).; 
aboard,  $i"\.  the 
/iiiiiic  Pills.  C.iptaiii 
y  gale  and  bei.iiiie  a 
Siberia,  ami  tlu-  crew 
ue  cutter  ('"/.-."  ;iii<l 
iSSi   was  tl;  ■  liark 

and  lias  lieen  cuiiuecteil 


steatii  scow  //'.' 

Uie  Clalskaiii 

M  windlass,  will 

n  reloaded  and  ' 

IS  ratlier  li);lu  y 

)ke  of  cattle  \y 

lliu  steamer  C 

the  engineroi 


.'.lllh'ttc 
1  Kivcr 
wliicli 
.keii  to 
mt  for 
■  icd  to 
;ii«  in 
J  u>  111"-- 


Thi'  Closimj  Days  of  the  Go/den  Era  of  Columbia  River  Stt'ambo:itiinj 


291 


(ilim/<i\  which  foundered  off  the  coast  of  Australia  while  <ii  roidr  from  Puget  Sound  to  Melbourne.  The  captain, 
his  .soil,  the  .second  mate  and  cook  lost  their  lives.  The  bark  .inliorh  went  ashore  November  mth  at  Manzanillo, 
the  /  //.  /'I'll  was  wrecked  there  October  z.Sth,  and  the  schooner  (iood  Templar,  built  at  Steilacoom  in  iSfis,  was 
lost  at  the  same  place  011  the  same  date. 

Capt.  David  Horusby,  formerly  of  the  Idaho  and  other  steamships  running  north,  met  with  a  tragic  death 
in  |S^1.  He  left  San  Francisco  in  command  of  tiie  schooner  Eustace,  carrying  explosives,  anil  .soon  after  pa.ssing 
out  of  the  Golden  Clate  was  killed  by  the  crazy  Chinese  cook.  The  murderer  was  at  once  locked  up,  but  he 
]uanaf;ed  to  .set  fire  to  the  schooner,  and  the  crew  hastily  took  to  the  boats  to  get  as  far  away  as  possible  before  the 
iiievit.ilile  explosion  should  take  place.  The  vessel  was  lilown  to  atoms  a  few  moments  afterward.  Tlie  .schooner 
.S7.  G'i'igr,  from  Kodiak  for  Knglish  Hay,  Alaska,  wa.-.  lost  off  St.  I'aul  harbor.  April  J7tli,  the  schooner  I/'.  /•*. 
,I/iiA,  ■/  became  a  total  wreck  in  Golouin  Hay,  August  i.^th,  and  the  whaling  bark  Daniel  Webster  t:i\  Point  Harrow, 
July  ;,d.  The  American  ship  .Mice  fluck.  fiom  New  York  for  Portland,  Or.,  was  wrecked  at  Spanish  Town, 
Jamaica,  September  27th,  ten  of  the  crew  perishing.  Tlie  ship  Geraldiiie  Paget,  from  Hongkong  for  the  Columbia 
River,  stranded  on  Pratos  Shoals.  The  crew  escaped,  l)ut  nothing  was  saved  from  the  ve.s.sel.  The  old  clipper 
Foruiiid  Ho,  while  en  route  to  the  Columbia  River  from  Hiogo,  was  lost  on  the  coast  of  Japan  in  Xoveinber. 

.\mong  the  deaths  in  the  profes.sion  in  r.SSi  was  that  of  Capt.  F.  S.  Kedfield,  who  came  to  the  Coast  in  i.S,S2 
and  for  many  years  sailed  the  schooners  Oliva.  /\ilesliiie,  (ieneral  Uarney  and  A'.  /.  MeK'innon.  and  who 
cominanded  the  old  Susan 
Abi,i;iil  when  Waddell,  the 
pirate,  ended  her  days.  Capt. 
J.  A.  I'ennell  and  seamen 
.McGinnis  and  Wannerniark, 
of  the  Government  tug  Cieii- 
:ml  Wright,  were  drowned 
al  Variuina,  April  7tli,  while 
sounding  a  channel  with  the 
small  boat.  Capt.  Thomas  J, 
Stump  fell  dead  in  the  pilot- 
house of  the  steamer  Spokane 
five  miles  above  Pine  Tree 
Rapi<ls,  Augu.st  i.^th.  W.  C. 
Talbot,  of  the  firm  of  Pope 
>\:  Talbot,  died  on  board  the 
steamer  at  Astoria.  August 
'ith,  while  en  route  to  vSan 
l'"raiioisco  from  Puget  Sound. 
He  was  a  native  of  East 
Machias,  Me.,  aged  sixty-six 
years.  Richard  Wright,  well 
known  in  Puget  .Sound  and 
Hritish  Columbia  marine  cir- 
cles as  "Otter  Dick,"  died  at 
Seattle,  July  i.Sth,  aged  sixty  years  ;  S.  S.  Foster,  purser  on  the  .Multnomah  in  i,S54  and  afterward  in  charge  of 
the  Pacific  Mail  dock  at  St.  Helens,  at  Tahiti  in  February,  aged  seventy  years  ;  Capt.  I,.  li.  Hastings,  a  pioneer 
ot  Portland  and  Port  Town.send,  at  the  latter  place  June  nth  ;  Capt.  Andrew  Rogers  of  X'ictoria,  for  many  years 
one  of  the  regular  pilots  in  the  Victoria  district,  at  San  Francisco,  October  i4tli,  aged  fifty  years  ;  Capt.  .Mexander 
Corle/,  for  a  long  time  master  of  the  steamer  Emily  Harris,  at  Xanaimo,  October  lotli  ;  Capt.  John  T,  Connick, 
a  pioneer  .Sound  tugboatman,  at  .Steilacoom,  December  6th  ;  Capt.  Jo.seph  Gale,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  i,S,^,4  and 
in  IS.).  1  superintended  the  building  of  the  Star  of  Oregon,  which  he  sailed  to  Verba  Hiiena  (San  P'ranciscoi  from 
the  Columbia  River,  at  Fagle  Creek,  Or.,  December  i6th,  aged  eighty  years;  Captain  Waddell,  who  commanded 
tlie  privateer  Shenandoah,  at  .San  Franci.sco,  October  2d. 

Ivighteeu  hundred  and  eighty-two  was  an  important  year  in  the  ainials  of  Columbia  steamboating,  as  the 
opening  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company's  rail  line  between  Portlaml  and  The  Dalles  ended  perhaps 
forever  the  business  of  one  of  the  most  profitable  steamboat  routes  in  the  world.  The  iininense  immigration  which 
for  years  had  been  thronging  to  the  vast  grain-fields  of  the  interior  at  this  nine  had  develojied  vast  tracts  of  rich 
land,  which  were  producing  so  heavily  that  river  transi)ortation  facilities  were  taxed  to  their  utmost.  The  closing 
(lays  of  steamboat  .supremacy  between  Portland  and  The  Dalles  will  not  .soon  be  forgotten  by  those  interested  in 
the  operation  of  the  big  fleet  engaged  in  the  traffic.  Wheat  .shipments  in  January,  1S.S2,  avera.ged  nearly  fifteen 
hundred  tons  per  day.  This  was  handled  by  the  barges  (iovenior  Grover,  Wyatehie,  Columbia,  .  lutoerat.  Columbia's 
l.'liiej.  steamers  Traveler,  Salem,  Champion,  Idaho.  Aliee  and  Willamette  Chief,  beside  the  regular  mail  boats  Wide 
Hi'}/ and  \.  (/.  Reed  below  the  Cascades  and  J?.  A'.  Thompson,  Mountain  Queen  and  /farvest  Queen  on  the  middle 


H.  H.  M.  Ship  "  Waksi'itk  "  in  Or.wim;  Ddck  at  MHniiMAi.r,  li. 


1':: 

1 

• 

,'■  i\  i 

1    '    ]' 

1      1 
1      1 

1  ' 

! ; 
'1' 

I!! 


!!  i 


:!i 


i'ii 
■:8  • 


i   r 


292 


Lewis  (J  Drydcns  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


W 


river.  Tile  Imsiness  was  not  confined  to  down  sliiimients  of  wheat,  for  the  mail  steamers  making;  a  nuiiid  trip 
each  day  were  loaded  to  the  gnards.  The  ninmiiiotli  U'/i/f  Weal,  which  her  hnilders  had  deemed  chilkIous 
enough  for  any  trade  that  might  develop,  left  Portland  with  every  availahle  inch  of  space  utilized,  mul  on 
reaching  the  Cascades  an  extra  crew  in  waiting  discharged  the  big  cargo,  fdlcd  her  with  wheat,  and  in  c  liarnc 
of  another  crew,  which  alternated  between  the  W'isl  and  the  AVcii',  she  was  hnrried  l)ack  to  Portland.  NtiUicr 
steamer  was  permitted  to  cool  down  except  to  wash  the  boilers,  when  an  extra  steamer  was  sul)stitnte(l. 

Meanwhile  the  iron  horse  was  steadily  rolling  toward  the  last  tie  which  would  unite  the  upper  ccniiUry 
with  tide  water.  When  the  surplus  grain  had  been  removed,  the  glorious  days  of  steaniboating  on  the  niiddle 
river  ended  forever,  and  the  best  steamers  were  got  in  readiness  for  the  plunge  to  the  lower  river.  Tlie  first 
to  go  was  the  A'.  A'.  ■/'//t)/«/'.<('//,  which  shot  the  rapids  June  y\  in  record-breaking  time  in  charge  of  Ca|)l.  Julni 
McXulty.  William  Johnson,  first  ofiTicer,  William  Doran,  engineer,  and  C.eorge  Fuller,  assistant.  She  left  The 
Dalles  at  6:io  .\.  .m.,  pa.ssed  Klickitat  Landing,  ten  miles  below,  in  twenty-four  minutes.  White  Salmon,  alidiit 
twenty-three  miles,  in  fifty-one  minutes.  Hood  River,  twenty-five  miles,  in  fifty-eight  minutes,  and  reaclu-d  the 
Cascades,  forty-six  miles,  in  two  hours  and  one  minute.  She  remained  there  a  short  time  and  then  suiiiij; 
into  the  stream  and  entered  the  swirling  and  eddying  waters  under  full  stroke,  making  the  run  to  Uoimeville  in 
six  minutes  and  forty  .seconds,  passing  through  the  heart  of  the  rapids  at  the  rate  of  a  mile  a  miinite.  The  trip 
to  Portland  was  accomplished  in  two  liours  and  fifty  minutes,  and  she  steamed  past  Ash  Street  dock  at  i.'ii; 
p.  M.  Her  actual  running  time  was  five  hours.  The  steamer  Moiinlain  Qiurii,  in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  W.  Troup 
and  Engineer  I)e  Huff,  followed  the  riwiiipsou  to  the  lower  river  Jidy  6th,  making  the  run  in  eleven  minutes  from 
the  upper  to  the  lower  Cascades.  The  train  on  the  Portage  Railroad  started  at  the  same  time,  intending  to  heat 
the  steamer,  but  was  at  least  three  hundred  yards  in  the  rear  when  they  reached  the  lower  Ca.scades.  The 
barge  Atlaf  was  brought  down  the  same  day  liy  Capt.  Fred  Wilson,  who  rigged  her  with  a  huge  s<|uare  sail,  and 
she  drifted  down  stern  first,  reaching  the  lower  Cascades  thirty-five  minutes  after  leaving  the  wharf  boat.  The 
Alias  stood  the  trip  well  and  was  immediately  towed  to  Portland  and  went  into  service  alongside  a  ship  the  same 
day.  The  propeller  EMiia,  which  had  been  lea.sed  to  the  t")regon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  as  a 
tender  for  their  construction  works,  came  over  the  Cascades.  June  -th,  in  charge  of  Capt.  Donald  McKenzie,  \V.  V,. 
Campbell,  first  officer,  and  Donald  Urquhart,  engineer.  She  was  roughly  shaken  up  in  the  big  eddy  and  narrowly 
escaped  a  collision  with  Umatilla  Rock.  Her  steering  gear  gave  way  before  she  reached  Bradford's  Island,  Imt 
she  made  the  perilous  journey  to  the  lower  river  in  safety. 

The  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  were  having  considerable  trouble  on  the  Astoria  route  with 
Captain  Scott's  steamer  J'hrluvod.  The  Ifiu-uaid  and  Iloiiila  were  kept  at  the  heels  of  the  little  propeller 
continually,  leaving  the  freight  business  to  be  handled  by  the  W'illamtlle  C7//('/' and  Dixie  Thompson.  Capt. 
Richard  Hoyt  was  master  of  the  Hayivard  until  March,  at  which  time  he  was  appointed  steamship  pilot,  and 
Clark  W.  Sprague  '"  took  the  steamer  and  ran  her  until  October,  when  she  was  .sent  to  the  Sound.  In  I'diriiary 
the  Columbia  River  business  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company  was  transferred  to  the  Oregon  Railway 
&  Navigation  Company.  The  magnitude  of  this  traffic  is  best  illustrated  by  the  passenger  records,  which  show 
that  between  March  i  and  May  15,  1882,  2,420  cabin  and  10.429  steerage  pas.sengers  were  carried  to  Portland 
from  San  Francisco.  While  portions  of  the  Oregon  Railway  1.S:  Navigation  road  had  been  in  operation  for 
a  long  time,  the  first  through  train  did  not  leave  Portland  until  November  20th.  It  was  in  charge  of  Coiidiiclor 
I'M  Lyons,  at  present  superintendent  of  the  North  Pacific  Terminal  Company.  The  A'.  A'.  Tltomf>soii  was 
used  as  a  transfer  boat  between  Ash  .Street  dock  and  the  east  side  of  the  river.  Capt.  George  J.  .\inswortli  retired 
from  the  superinteudency  of  the  company  October  ist.  As  a  token  of  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held,  the 
steamboat  employees  of  the  company  presented  him  with  a  six  hundred  dollar  silver  .service. 

The  Portland  grain  shippers  had  for  a  long  time  been  dissatisfied  with  the  tug  and  pilot  service  at  the 
month  of  the  river,  and,  with  a  view  to  breaking  up  the  monopoly  enjoyed  by  Flavel,  the  Portland  Tug 
Company  was  organized  in  May  with  the  following  directors :  H.  W.  Corbctt,  president ;  W.  S.  Silison, 
secretary  ;  W.  S.  I.add,  W.  J.  Hums,  D.  P.  Thompson,  Donald  Macleay  and  Henry  Hewett.  They  purchastd  the 
tug /Vi'wtr;-,  built  in  Philadelphia  in  I. S78.  She  was  brought  out  by  Captain  Marsden  and  Ivngincer  Jnliu  S. 
Kidd ''  and  placed  on  the  bar  in  command  of  Capt.  William  Hochau,  Kidd  remaining  with  her  as  chief  eiii;ineer. 
The  Pioneer  was  a  well  built  iron  tug  one  hundred  and  seven  feet  long,  twenty-one  feet  beam,  and  thirtu  n  feel 


■'Capt.  Clark  \V.  .Sprague  is  a  son  of  the  late  Cell.  J.  W.  Spraj^ue,  for  many  years  a  very  prominent  figure  in  traii^|ii 
eireles  in  the  Nortliwest.  Tile  younj^  man's  first  steanitioat  exjierience  was  on  (lie  Colnmttia  River,  where  he  served  in  il 
eapacities  for  a  few  years  and  was  finally  ^iven  eoinmanil  of  the  Ore),")"  Railway  K:  Navigation  Company's  steamers  on  the 
route.  He  was  ni.'isterof  the  W'chome,  /■'iiiiiiii  llaywiiiil,  ll'iilr  ll'rsl.  A'.  A'.  T/hniif'SOii  :\ni\  ll'ill<ii/iii/r  Cliii/',  hni  wiKhvsi  k\i 
tile  Columbia  thronjjli  his  work  on  the  A".  A'.  Tlioiiifsoii,  whieh  he  handled  for  a  nuniher  of  years.  lie  retired  from  the  C" 
ahoiit  1SS5  ,'ind  went  to  Pu^et  Sound,  where  he  was  interested  in  the  new  tn^  Afoi^iil,  whieh  he  coininandeii  for  several  year^, 
disposing  of  his  interests  there  engaged  in  business  in  Taeonia  for  a  short  time,  returning  to  the  water  a  few  years  afjo  as  i;; 
tnglioats  owned  by  the  I'njjet  Sound  Tugboat  Company.     lie  is  at  present  ill  ehar^e  of  the  Sea  I. ion. 

•'John  .S.  Kidd  is  a  native  of  New  York  and  first  eiiKa^cd  in  the  steamboat  business  on  tlie  Ilnd.son  River,  lietweei. 
and  New  York,  on  the  steamer  Coiiiieclinil.  After  coming  to  the  Coast  with  the  /  iiialillii,  he  left  her  in  1.SS2  to  join  tin 
/AiMi  at  San  I'raneiseo,  and  was  next  on  the  City  of  C/ii'ilrr,  between  ,San  h'raneiseo  and  Portland.  He  went  Ivast  in  ' 
eame  out  with  the  new  tuj;  /Vo;;<V'c,  on  whieh  he  served  as  chief  enj;ineer  until  E,SS4,  when  he  aj;,iin  went  Ivast  and  retun 
Captain  Ackley  on  tlie  new  steamer  Olympian.  During  the  next  three  years  he  was  engaged  on  the  Ualhi  ll'iilla  and  .  /'■ 
joined  the  steamer  /llliante  in  |8,S7,  remaining  with  Iter  for  five  years.  Since  that  tiuie  he  has  been  enii)loyed  on  th' 
/( ■;  i'.  LaJd ami  the  tug  H-'alloriti. 


Tiaiion 
iltTetit 
.\-toria 

IWIIOII 

liimliia 
union 
,~terof 

\Ili;niy 
I'.'Uiicr 
^2  and 
!  with 
;.'.  ami 
Ireil^e 


K  a  roiiiiil  trip 
letl  ca|i,ui()iis 
ilizcd,  and  on 
Jiul  ill  iharRc 
and.  Neitlier 
ted. 

ii]>l)er  ciiiiiilry 
oil  tliL'  middle 
,'er.     Thu  first 

of  Cai)t.  John 

She  left  The 
Salmon,  aliotit 
id  reaclacl  the 
d  then  swnnj; 
I  lluiiiieville  in 
ute.     The  trip 

dock  at  i.':i; 
:.  J.  \V.  Tronp 
1  ininutcs  from 
ending  to  heat 
iscades.  The 
(juare  sail,  and 
irf  boat.    The 

.sliii)  the  same 
Company  as  a 
:Kenzie,  W.  li. 
•  and  narnnvly 
d's  Island,  but 

oria  ronte  with 
little  propeller 
mfisoii.     Ca])t. 

hi])  pilot,  and 
III  h'ehniary 
regon  Railway 
s,  which  show 
d  to  rorthuid 

operation  for 

of  Conductor 
'nw>iip-<oii  was 
isworth  lelired 

was  held,  the 


^\' 


.service  at  die 

Portland  Tug 
S.   Sibson, 

pnrchaM.ll  the 
giiieer  John  S. 
chief  en;.;inecr. 

d  thirtnii  feet 

n  traiisiLirlaUon 
rvcd  in  .liilireiit 
Irs  on  llu'  .\~lotia 
isl)est  kii.'wnnn 
111  llle  C'  nmliia 
ral  year^.  ,ii(l  on 
a^o  as  iii.i-terof 

lielwcei.  \lbaiiy 

oin  till'  I'aiiier 

•:asl  in   I  ■^imA 

it  retnii  !  «illi 

and  .1':  ».  ami 

(1  on  til;  Ireilse 


The  Closing  Days  of  the  Gokhn  Em  of  Columbia  River  Steamboatiny 


393 


hold,  with  engines  eighteen  and  thirty-one  hy  twenty-eight  inches.  Hochan  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  J.  IC.  Denny 
and  *.  ipt.  (leorge  Pease,  and  in  1.S.S4  Ca|)t.  Dan  McN'icar  took  charge  and  remained  with  her  until  1S87, 
when  lie  was  sold  to  the  I'ort  Discovery  Mill  Comiiaiiy  for  5-.S.fx«'.  less  tlian  half  her  original  cost.  Tiie 
e.vpeiiiiieiit  was  costly  for  the  rorthinders,  and  if  aii>  henelit  resulted  it  was  reaped  iiy  the  Hritish  shipowners. 
The  sieamship  ll'a//a  W'alhi,  under  the  direction  of  John  dates,  was  used  in  sluicing  out  a  twenty-four-foot 
chaiintl  on  St.  Helens  bar  in  August.  The  big  propeller  moved  forty  thousand  cubic  yards  of  sand  in  five 
(lays,  ind  the  work  was  highly  successful.  A  fine  wooden  steamer  built  for  .service  on  the  bar  and  for  the 
coasting  trade  wrs  launclud  at  Astoria,  June  isth.  by  the  Ilwaco  Navigation  Company  and  christened  the  iitiuial 
.I/;/(>      Capt.  W.  I'.  Wlii'.comb  was  put  in  charge,  with  Charles  Smith, 'engineer,  both  remaining  with  her  until 


^^ 


Capt.  Wks  I'.  WiurcctMii 
Cai'T.  Jamks  I".  Wimx-oMii 


Capt.  Jamks  H.  Wiutcomh 
Capt,  Fkkh  J,  Whiicomh 


Capt.  Wim.iam  H.  Wmitcomii 
Cait,  (■,l;uKtn,:  \,  Wmitcumii 


.\    NOT.\BI.K    1-AMlI.V    01'    STKAMIIOAT    CAPTAINS 

I'lie  .aliove  enj^raviiiH  of  Capt.  James  H.  Wliitconib  and  his  five  sons  portrays  the  largest  family  of  steainlioatinen  in  tlie 
NorlluM-sl.  t'ntil  December,  1S92,  when  the  ^niiip  was  liroken  liy  the  dcatli  of  Capt.  I'Veil  J.  WlulcomI),  llie  eiiliri-  family  wire  in 
aclivf  .  rvice  in  charge  of  steamers  on  Cray's  Harbor,  Shoalwater  Hay  and  the  Columbia  River.  Further  mention  of  the  meinbers 
iiulivi'l.iallv  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  work. 


'i 


!  ;i 


m 


\\ 


%^ 


\ 

%\\. 

I 


'?' 


*  % 


i:,i' 


!l 


294 


Lewis  cj  Dryden's  Mjrinn  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortftwest 


1HS9,  when  she  wan  sold  to  the  I'orthiiid  &  Coast  Steamship  Company,  who  IctiKtheticd  her,  renamed  lar  the 
\\'illaf<a,  and  in  command  of  Capt.  I,.  A.  Hailey  and  John  Peterson  ojieraled  her  in  the  Gray's  Harlwr  trniK.  wjih 
occasional  trips  to  Coos  Hay  and  other  coast  ports.  In  1N94  she  was  leased  hy  the  Hastings  Steamhoat  Coinimiiy 
and  handled  hy  Capt.  A.  VV.  Horn,  with  Herbert  Adams  and  Daniel  Fairfield,  engineers.  In  1895  slu'  wa.s 
piircha.sed  by  Cajjt.  (leorKe  Roberts  and  Ivnuineer  Kent  of  the  Cilv  o/'  h'iiifislon,  and  extensively  ovcrhaiilcMl  ami 
refitted.  They  are  now  operating  her  on  the  Alaska  route.  .\s  originally  built  the  .I/Z/cs- was  one  liun(ln.(l  fvet 
long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  ten  feet  hold,  with  engines  si.xteeii  and  thirty-two  by  thirty-two  inches.  .\s  the 
W'illapa  she  is  one  hundred  and  thirty  six  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  ten  feet  hold.  The  tugboat  lletl  \va.s 
increased  by  the  Jisforl  No.  J,  a  Coos  Hay  production,  which  \n  still  in  service.  She  is  ninety-two  feet  loni;, 
twenty-four  feel  beam,  and  thirteen  feet  hold,  with  engines  twenty  and  thirty-eight  by  thirty  inches.  She  was 
engaged  in  ,San  Francisco  for  a  few  years  after  she  was  built,  and,  when  the  Oregon  Railway  &  XaviKiitioii 
Company  commenced  tugboating  on  the  Columbia  Kiver,  went  into  their  .service  in  command  of  Capt.  Danii-l 
Graham,  with  Engineer  Kelly,  until  iSyi,  when  Fric  Johnson  was  put  in  charge.  Capt.  George  Pease,  wlio 
had  constructed  the  steamer  Henry  I  'illaid  for  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  the  preceding  year, 
superintended,  in  iS,S2,  the  building  of  the  Kutie  Hallelt.  a  fine  steri.wheeler  one  hundred  and  thirty-fivi.-  fiel 
long,  twenty-six  feet  beam,  with  engines  from  the  .UcMinnvil/v,  fourteen  by  forty-eight  inches.     She  was  operakd 

on  Clark's  Fork  of  tlit 
Columbia  in  coiistniciitm 
work  for  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad. 

The  Casaulis  oj  the 
Columbia,  a  splendid  steiii- 
wheeler,  was  lauiicheil  at 
Portland  for  the  United 
States  Engineers,  and  on 
completion  was  put  in  charge 
of  Capt.  John  C.  Gore  and 
lingineer  Charles  Iv.  Ciorc. 
She  was  n.sed  but  little  until 
i.S8,S,  when  Major  Handbury 
operated  her  in  towing 
barges  from  Fisher's  Land- 
ing to  Fort  Stevens,  trans- 
porting rock  for  the  jelly. 
She  was  admirably  adapted 
for  this  service,  beinn  fast 
and  powerful,  and  is  still 
engaged  in  the  work.  Diir 
ing  the  past  six  years  she 
has  been  in  charge  of  Capt. 

\V.  H.  Whitcomb,  Pilot  Andrew  Johnson,  and  Chief  Ivngineer  Ivnoch  Davis.  The  Isabel,  a  small  .sternwliLcIer, 
was  launched  at  Salem  in  1S82  by  A.  Pre.scott,  who  built  the  A'e/lie  the  preceding  year.  She  was  commanckd  by 
Capt.  J.  L.  Smith  "  until  1.H87,  when  Captains  John  Bonser,  John  W.  Ivxon,  and  Nat  H.  I.ane,  Jr.,  ran  her.  She 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Farmers'  Transportation  Company  in  iH8y  and  was  operated  by  Capt.  Isaac  Tlionias 
on  the  Lewis  River  route.  When  Thomas  sold  out  to  the  Hosfords  they  leased  the  steamer  to  Capt.  S.  R.  Smith, 
and  while  in  his  charge  she  sank  at  Sellwood  and  was  dismantled.  The  hull  .subsequently  .served  for  a  short  tinit 
as  a  wharf  boat  at  Vancouver.  The  ShoaUvater  Hay  Transportation  Company  launched  the  steamer  .}/i»i/esiii:o  at 
Astoria  in  18.S2.  vShe  was  a  small  sternwheeler  intended  for  the  Chehalis  Ri\er  trade,  where  she  was  handled  by 
Capt.  George  Whitcomb.  In  1SS6  she  was  sold  to  Dan  Welch  of  Astoria,  and  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  Jolni  \V. 
Welch  until  18S9,  when  she  again  returned  to  Gray's  Harbor.  The  steam  .scow  I'.iileiprise,  built  at  Aslciria  liy 
C.  W.  Shivley,  ran  as  a  freighter  for  a  number  of  years  and  was  afterward  reconstructed  and  used  as  a  Ihialing 
shingle  mill.  Ham,  Taylor  &  Co.  constructed  the  sidewheel  towboat  Rustler  at  Portland  in  1882,  fitting  ln.i  with 
the  lien  Holladaf  s  niachineiy.  She  continued  in  service  for  about  ten  years,  in  command  of  John  E.  Nelson, ' 
C.  H.  Fuller,  Thomas  Campbell  and  Malcolm  McFarland.  She  burned  in  1892  at  Goble,  Dr.,  and  I'j'L^-ineer 
Nelson,  who  had  been  with  her  many  years,  lost  his  life. 


l/'NITKU  STATK8  StEAMKK    "  C.ASCAUKS  " 


™ Capt.  J.  I,.  Smith  lias  been  a  proniitietit  figure  ill  upper  Willttiiietle  steaiulioat  circles  for  over  twenty  years,  heKiii'"")!^'''' 
period  when  vessels  on  tliat  stream  were  small  and  few.  lie  handled  the  steamers  XeIHe  and  hahel  an<l  a  number  of  otlur  stiiall 
craft  until  |8S6,  when  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  it  Navigation  Company,  where  he  has  remained  .since  ll:  it  time, 
with  the  e.\ception  of  brief  periods  when  he  has  been  in  the  service  of  the  Oregon  I'acinc  Company.  Kor  the  past  thru'  "r  four 
years  he  has  been  master  on  their  steamer  Modoc. 

^'  Capt.  John  E.  Nelson  was  born  in  Ohio,  bewail  stcamlioatiiig  with  his  father  011  the  Henrietta  on  the  Willamette  i"  iS'S. 
and  has  since  been  continuously  engaged,  most  of  the  time  as  master  of  a  towboat,  .although  he  spent  several  months  on  liii'  upiier 
Columbia  as  pilot  on  a  passenger  steamer.  He  was  last  connected  with  the  steamer  lintcrprise.  running  on  the  Willaii"  'e  ami 
Columbia  rivers. 


i1  . 


Thi'  Closing  Days  of  thu  Golden  Era  of  Columbia  River  Steamboating 


395 


CAI'I.   J,    I..   SMllli 


Other  small  stt;iimi.'r.s  wliidi  aiipcarcii  in  iSNj  vvcro  tlie  propellers  /i)////  Wis/  ami  Lillian,  laimcheil  at 
Raini'  I.  The  former  is  still  riiniiiiig  in  the  service  of  her  original  owner,  Dean  Ulanchnrd.  The  Lillian,  hnilt 
lurC'pt.  Thomas  Orciitt,  was  afterward  sold  to  the  Knappton  Mills,  for  whom  she  was  handled  liy  Capt.  Frank 
Gro:'iuls     until  i,S,s,S,  when  she  went  to  Alaska.     At  Portland  the  steamer  Oua  was  constructed  for  Capt.  Charles 

Varnebern,  the  llii/>f>fua  for  F.  I'erkins,  the  Sakaiia  for  V.  M. 
Warren,  and  the  /union  for  Capt.  S.  A.  Logan  of  Ya(|uina.  T!ie 
completion  of  the  railroad  by  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation 
Company  naturally  left  seveial  surplus  steamboats  on  the  Columbia 
an<l  Willamette  rivers  without  employment.  The  develo])ment  of  the 
I'uget  Sound  country  was  proceeding  with  giant  strides  and  oflered  a 
line  field  for  .several  of  the  idle  steamers.  The  first  of  the  lleet  to 
make  the  salt-water  trip  was  the  Idaho,  which  went  around  in  Feb- 
ruary. She  was  followed  in  June  by  the  steamer  Cily  of  ijiiiiin'. 
The  lVas/iini;ljn,  intended  for  the  Vancouver  route,  made  the 
run  in  .September,  and  the  Hmma  llayicanl,  J.  Iv.  Denny,  captain, 
D.  I'ardun,  engineer,  arrived  at  Seattle,  October  24th.  The  do-.ellf. 
Captain  Krwin  Farrer,"  Ivngineer  John  Ferrell,  reached  the  same 
port  November  13th. 

The  most  important  event  of  the  year  in  steamboat  circles  on 
I'uget  Sound  was  the  incorporation  of  the  Washington  Steamboat 
Company  at  Utsalady,  May  2yth,  with  a  capitalization  of  5i()o,<m)() 
and  the  following  officers:  D.  H.  Jackson,"  president ;  I).  S.  Jacobs, 
secretary  ;  Hiram  J.  Olney,  manager.  They  started  business  with 
the  Daisy,  Nellie  a.nA  City  0/  Oiiiniy,  to  which  they  added  the  ll'usli- 
inghm  in  September.  The  president  of  the  company  had  enjoyed 
many  years  of  experience  in  the  operation  of  steamers,  and  it  was  to 
his  ability  that  the  subsecpient  success  of  the  company  is  largely 
due.  From  the  small  beginning  made  with  the.se  comparatively 
iiisi);Mificant  steamers  grew  the  I'uget  Sound  &  Alaska  Steamship  Company,  of  which  further  mention  is  made. 
The  W'asliiniilon  was  placed  on  the  Uellingham  Hay  route,  and  the  Oregon  Railway  i!v:  Navigation  Company 
•il.irted  the  W'clrome  after  her,  making  a  rate  of  fifty  cents  for  freight  and  pas.sengers  from  vSenltle.  A  small 
-teaincr  was  launched  at  Seattle  in  1.S.S2  and  in  the  succeeding  years  became  a  central  figure  in  more  varied  and 
iiUeicsling  experiences  than  any  .steam  craft  that  has  yet  appeared  on  the  Sound.  She  was  designed  by  the  Rev. 
J.  P,  Ludlow,  a  Baptist  minister,  and  on  completion  was  christened  the 

■Capt.  I'raiik  Ciroiiiuls.  iiiastur  ami  eiiK''ii-'er,  son  of  Capt.  Ura/.il  (iroiiiids, 
a  |ii(iiuir  of  tile  Coluiiiliia  Kiver,  was  liorii  in  I'ortlaiiil  in  1S59.  His  first  sleam- 
'mitin),' was  oil  the  A'lv/i' on  tliu  Cohiinliia  River,  and  lie  afterwaril  ran  a  iiiiiiilier 
iifsiii;!!!  steamers  ont  of  Astoria.  He  was  in  coniinaiKl  of  tlif  steaniiT  /.illiaii  on 
tile  Kiiappton  route  for  many  years,  ami  after  leaviiiK  lliere  ran  the  /iiiiny  for  the 
Niinli  Pacific  I.iiniheriiiK  Cinniiany,  K"i''K  from  there  lo  I'uget  Sound,  where  he 
was  cinploye<l  for  a  short  time  on  the  st.eanier  Md>xit'.  .\t  present  he  is  engine. r 
on  llif  steamer  Siuigi/  Chief. 

'Capt.  hjwiii  I'arrer,  liorii  in  Minnesota  in  I.S61,  came  to  the  Colunihia 
Kivcr  in  1S79  and  was  employed  on  the  tiiK  lUiiiluim  for  a  year,  K"'"K  from  her 
lo  llie  steamers  Geneial  i'liuhy  wwA  Gcurial  Miles.  In  1SS2  lie  took  the  steamer 
inKiile  from  the  Columhia  Uiver  lo  I'n^jcl  Sound,  ran  with  her  for  a  couple  of 
iiiiiiilhs  after  rei-.-him,'  there  and  on  his  relurn  again  joined  the  Ceneial  .Miles.  lie 
iK\t  took  the  steamer  lio!'einor  .\'e:ee//  to  dray's  Ilarlior  from  Slioalwater  Hay, 
anil  on  arrival  took  charge  of  the  steamer  Afunlesuno,  which  he  hrouglit  in  safely 
lo  tile  latter  place.  He  next  took  the  steamer  Ceneial  Ctiifieh!  \.a  .Xstoria,  and, 
after  ri|i.airing  her,  relumed  lo  the  hay,  where  he  operated  her  for  two  years,  then 
niiiiiiM),'  the  steamer  Monlesmui  for  a  year.  He  has  since  had  command  of  the 
~leaiiiirs  Tom  .Monis,  fiiiieka.  ('(i/i,''i;  and  Cily  of  Astoria,  remaining  with  the 
litltr  vessel  for  the  last  Uiree  years.  He  was  ior  a  short  lime  owner  of  the 
H'lioniicr  .Soiilli  Heitil,  with  which  he  engaged  in  deep  sea  fishing.  Captain  l"arrer 
Ills  held  a  master's  license  fiir  fourteen  years  and  has  hail  consideralile  experience 
ill  ruiiiiing  inland  steamers  on  Ihe  Pacific  Ocean. 

"Capt.  I).  II.  Jackson  was  horn  in  Warren,  N.  H.,  in  kS;,3,  going  from  there 
lo  Ilaiij^or,  Me.,  with  his  parents  when  a  child.  In  1S47  he  left  Bangor  and  made  a 
trip  til  Mexico,  relnrning  two  years  later.  In  1.S52  he  engaged  in  himhering  and 
slcaiiil,oating  on  the  I'enohscot  River,  leaving  in  1S57  for  New  York  and  a  year  later 
Roiiif;  111  California,  where  he  worked  for  a  season  in  the  mines,  then  went  lo  Puget 
.Soiii-.!,  arriving  at  Port  I.ndlow  ami  entering  the  employ  of  .\tnos  Phinney  iS;  Co.,  who  were  owners  of  the  mills  at  that  place.  In  1S71 
In- ail  c  pled  a  ]iosition  with  the  Puget  Jlill  Company  and  remained  with  them  as  agent  for  many  years  in  charge  of  their  steaniboals 
iml  Hillside  hiisiness.  In  |S8(  he  organized  the  Washington  Steamhoal  Company,  which  was  succeeded  hy  the  Puget  .Sound  ^: 
.\lask  1  Steamship  Company,  Jackson  heing  president  of  hoth  companies,  and  during  his  leiiiine  iiurcliasiug  the  elegant  steamer 
iV/v  re  .K'iiifr^io,!  and  hnililing  her  sister  slii)),  the  Cily  of  .Seattle.  I'nder  lii.s  skillful  mauagemenl  llie  small  licginning  m.ide  hy  the 
i'oiii|,  iiitively  insignificant  steamers  Cily  of  (Jiiiney,  H'asliingtoii,  and  one  or  two  others,  developed  into  one  oi^  the  largest  and  liest 
i;i|iii|ii  ill  transportation  companies  wliich  has  yet  nourished  on  Puget  .Sound.  Captain  Jackson  disposed  of  his  interests  in  the 
I'uKi'i  Sound  &  Alaska  Comiiany  in  1.S92,  and  two  years  later  organized  the  Northwestern  Steumship  Company,  operating  the 
eleKai't  new  .steamer  Rosalie  on  the  Victoria  route  iinil  the  steamers  C'eoige  /•.'.  Starr  am\  Idaho  on  the  Port  Townsend  mail  line. 
Mis  W'w  venture  promises  all  the  success  achieved  in  his  former  enterprises. 


CrVl'T.  i-:k\\in  1<'.\kki:k 


1; 


1 
(I 
*:. 

;■.  1 

V  I 


i:-. 


k 

'      I 


li 


\        I 


296 


Lewia  (J  Dryden'a  Marine  Hiatory  of  the  Paoifio  Norihweat 


SlKAMKR    "  I'AANt.l'.l. 


/•hivifiel.  Ludlow's  liol>l)y  for  yenrs  liiul  l)ecn  to  o|K'ratc  a  rosjk'I  ship.  The  chniice  never  ofTcri'tl  until  ahoiu 
iSSr,  when  11  rii-li  relative  <lieii,  lenviiiK  liiiii  several  tliousaiid  (lollars.  Tiiis  ^ave  him  an  opportunity  to  {.iit  his 
ideas  into  praetit'c,  and  lie  at  once  sent  out  u  pamphlet  in  which  lie  explained  his  purposes  as  follows  : 

"  Itiioiril  in  till-  I  mi/  ■  AlUr  live  yi'iirs  of  wailing.  wiilrliiiiK,  wciikiiiK  and  praying  in  tills  faraway  lii'lil,  llit  iltnr  l.iird  in 
now  piTinillinK  nir  lo  k"  forwani  in  llir  I'Xi'iiilion  of  a  iniHsion  wliii-li  lir  has  laid  anil  liipl  iis  a  «|iii'ial  liurdcn  on  my  liiiil      Thj» 

in  iioni-  otlift  lliati  to  linild  and  cipiip  a  s{vi\i\i  l.iiiiuli 
wliiili  nliall  ^o  up  and  down  all  tlicsi'  iiiliiM<l  uiitci 
of  till-  ureal  Norlliwi'st,  intlndlii);  \Va»liin^;iiiii  IVr- 
ritory.  llritiNli  Colnniliia  and  Alaska,  linirni;;  In  nil 
claHNCH  the  prerious  ^OHjad  of  Jusns  witliniii  tnonev 
and  willicnit  prirr.  No  K^andfr  or  niori'  i  niiiprf' 
licimivi'  missionary  work  is  prcscnU'il  an\«lii ,  'ihan 
this.  This  mission  liidil  iniliiilcs  a  siinrc  line  ul 
oviT  2,.s<>'  mill's,  upward  of  lil'y  towns  or  villauts 
with  a  population  of  over  ij,(mki  souls,  an  m-i  t-ssiMf 
Inillan  population  of  3,S,<><>,  an  i-hli  ainl  |{ii»  ni 
3, OKI  seafaring  nU'U  annually,  ami  a  varying  (  liirior 
population  of  .i,5i«i.        *       *  Kvirywlmc  ilie 

religions  ilestitulion  is  truly  sad.  There  arc  luinlics 
r  *  remote  that  they  rarely  see  a  strau^t-r,  iiikI  uiatiy 
of  them  entirely  iuaccessihle  save  hy  Huh  r  i niivev- 
aiii'e  and  ipiite  asiile  from  all  the  riuitis  nl  nsiiiil 
travel.  The  Chinese  element  is  totally  iniinrid  liv 
any  Christian  ell'ort  exeept  ill  one  or  Iwn  of  lli^' 
larger  towns.  The  Indian  element  of  .Alaska  is  lait 
ini'liiileil  in  the  ahove  statistirs,  and  pieseiils  ,1  naiiim 
of  6<i,i««i,  not  only  nrneiit  liiit  iinp:ttient  for  llie  mis 
siimary  and  the  gospel.  We  await  all  opporliiiiitv  In 
visit  them  ami  make  a  full  report  thereon.  In  luj; 
leet  them  longer  will  he  criminal  if  '  Norlli  Anurii.i 
for  Christ '  is  to  coutiiine  as  onr  iiiolto.  Tliiniinliniu 
this  entire  held,  to  each  and  all  its  classes  of  hninaii 
neeil  ami  wherever  the  ciirliiiK  smoke  of  wililwiKnl 
camp  or  cabin  shall  sinnal  us,  we  pnipnsc  in  nn, 
hearing  the  free  and  precious  gospel  of  Jesus,  and  hy  voice  of  cheery  greeting  or  of  printed  page  and  picture,  hy  sermon  or  liy  sniij;, 
hy  the  lone  missionary  or  the  praying  hand,  hv  ininistratioii  to  the  physical,  spiritual  or  .social  needs  of  llie  pe.iplc.  and  hy  any 
agency  or  agents  which  (lod  shall  gi\'e  ns,  we  will  seek  to  educate,  gladden  ami  save.  To  board  every  vessel,  to  hail  every  canoe, 
to  visit  evi.ry  camp,  to  reach  every  Chinaman,  and  ever  take  the  name  of  Jesus  with  us,  is  what  is  in  oiir  heart  to  do.  The  Master's 
voice  li.is  reached  at  once  our  head,  our  heart  and  our  poi-ket,  saying,  '(io  ye  into  the  highways,'  and  He  has  alrtady  heard  nur 
reply,  '  I.ord,  we  go  ,'  and  as  the  Lord  shall  seinl  to  us  Ili:^  cliose'i  laborers,  a  Moody  or  Sankey,  or  any  'ilier  consecrated  wnrker 
with  song  or  service,  this  vehicle  of  coinniunication  is  ever  at  hand.  Here  then  conies  now  and  but  for  once  our  Macedoniaii  cry. 
'  Come  over  and  help  us.'  Will  yon  go  with  ns,  send  us,  or  share  ill  onr  mission  ?  The  boat  is  biiihled,  hut  must  needs  be  enuippe*! 
for  the  Lord's  use.  «  »  »  Ilirewilh  is  a  partial  list  of  articles,  each  and  all  of  which  will  .it  limes  be  needed  for  the  service  of 
our  mission.     Will  yon  not  select  some  one  or  more  ileparlmeilts  and  forward  either  the  articles  or  money  to  purchase  tlurewilli '  ' 

This  Striking  appeal  hiotight  good  results,  and  in  a  short  lime  subscriptions  began  to  pour  in  from  cliiircli 
.societies  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  but,  unfortunately  for  the  neglected  heathen  on  the  2,500  miles  of  slmrc  line 
etc.,  Ludlow  became  interested  in  other  business  before  the  /-.'I'dwi/r/ was  completed.  John  I.eary  of  Seattle  liiid 
underbid  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company  and  secured  the  Alaska  mail  contract.  The  big  company  llieii 
chartered  or  subsidized  nearly  every  available  steamer  on  the  Coast,  so  I.eary  and 
his  as.sociates  induced  Ludlow  to  cut  his  boat,  then  almost  ready  to  launch,  and 
lengthen  her  twenty  feet.  He  decided  to  do  .so  and  promptly  returned  all  the 
contributions  receiv.-  !  from  the  church  organizations,  but  refu.sed  to  sink  all  of 
his  religious  inclinatv  When  the  launch  was  made,  instead  of  breaking  the 

usual  bottle  of  wine  i)\er  the  bow,  a  little  girl  dressed  in  w'  ite  was  stationed 
forward  and  as  the  vessel  slid  down  the  ways  scattered  relig.of. '.  tracts  in  profu- 
sion. A  number  of  old  stcamboatmeii  who  witnessed  the  afl'aiv  prophesied  nothing 
but  ill  luck  for  a  ve.s.sel  that  had  come  into  existence  under  stt  li  peculiar  circum- 
stances, and  in  after  years  they  had  many  occasions  to  u.se  t!ie  familiar,  "  I  told 
you  .so."  While  the  steamer  was  making  her  first  trip  to  Ala.ska  the  crown  sheet 
of  the  boiler  burned  out  when  a  short  distance  from  N'ictoria.  Tbe  Mastiil;  was 
sent  out  to  finish  the  trip,  and  the  l-.vam^cl  limped  back  to  .Seattle,  wiiere  she  was 
laid  up  .several  weeks  for  repairs.  Hy  the  time  she  was  ready  to  run  Leary  had 
surrendered  the  mail  contract  to  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company,  who  had 
offered  Ludlow  $25,000  for  the  steamer  before  she  turned  a  wheel,  and  Ludlow 
was  on  the  verge  of  financial  ruin.  He  started  the  livangcl  on  the  New  Westminster  route  from  Scii'.Mc  in 
charge  of  Capt.  E.  K.  Bucklin,"'  but  she  was  afterward  chartered  to  Capt.  Herbert  F.  Beecher,  '  wlio  ran  I-i  r  to 


KBV.   J.    r.    I.CEIUH 


''Capt.  E.  I".  Ilucklin  was  born  in  Maine  in  September,  1S51.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  entered  a  machine  shop  alL  . 
where  he  remained  until  I.S75.  when  he  moved  lo  I'ugel  Sound.  On  arrival  he  worked  two  years  at  the  Port  Madison  Mi' 
which  he  entered  the  marine  service  as  engineer  of  the  steamer  h'uhy.  After  maiiipulating  the  throttle  for  a  year  be  becaiiii' 
of  the  boat,  continuing  with  her  for  eighteen  months,  when  he  went  as  master  on  the  Itig  Cclilo  for  the  .same  period.  He  iIk- 
over  to  the  famous  /■h'ttiigf/.  When  she  was  laid  up  six  months  later  he  returned  to  the  Port  Madi.soii  Mill  Company  as  caji 
the  tug  ,/(/i/;c.  lie  retnained  in  command  of  the  Addie  for  eight  years,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  months  when  he  was  on  ■■ 
Despalth.     In  18S8  he  took  charge  of  Capt.  V,.  Miller's  tug  A';-. 

"Capt.  Herbert  1".  Ileecher  was  born  in  Drooklyii,  N.  Y..  in  1X5,^  His  first  marine  experience  was  on  Sound  steamei^ 
New  York.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  about  KS7.S  and  was  engaged  for  eighteen  mouths  on  the  steamship  Onxi'ii,  and,  on  I 
her,  ran  for  nearly  a  year  on  the  /(/a/10  on  the  midiUe  Columbia.     He  went  to  I'uget  Sound  in  1880  as  master  anil  pursi 


iiiiK-ii, 
alter 

laster 
went 

.iiliof 

n-  lug 

111  of 
•iviiig 

OU    11 


r/?''  CIniiing  Dnys  o/'  thu  (uilrkn  Fn  of  Columbia  River  Stuamboafing 


297 


Sciii  iliiii'X)  ninl  \'ii't<)rin,  with  S.  W.  MikIki".' tiiK'"'-''^'''  ''''<•'  vciituri'  provnl  uii|ir(>lUiil>li',  ami  hi-  unve  iip  his 
charur  to  Cai)t.  llnrry  l.iitt.  In  iMHfi  Capt.  J.  \V.  Tartc  Uxik  coinmaiiil,  iiiid,  with  W.  K.  Tarlc,  "  fiiKini'tT,  ran 
her  111!  the  island  route.  In  Sfplfnibcr,  ihhs,  I.ndlow  sold  tlii'  stoanicr  tii  Captain  Morunn  of  Port  Townsfiid  for 
f^.S'  ".  her  new  owner  snliseipiently  disposing  of  a  half  interest  to  Capt.  U'infielil   Mann.      In  iSi^.i  she  was  in 

collision  with   the  .S/:iig//  (  hirl   oil'    l-'ive   Mile   I'oint  and  a   \ear  later 

exploded  her  holier  at   Selionie,   killing;   three   men.     She  was   snhse- 

cpiently  rei)nired  and  has  sinee  been  nniniilK  out  of  Port  Townsend  on 

different  routes,  sinkiiiK  at  the   dock   in    Port  Angeles    late    in    1.^94. 

I.udlow,   her   eccentric   owner,   went   to  Japan   after  di.sposinn  of  the 

steamer  ami  ennnned  in  missionary  wurk,  returnini;  to  Seattle  in  iHi^s. 

Other  small  steamers  a))pearin^;  on  the  Sonml  in    iSHj  were  the 

/itmis   Af(  ,\'aii[;lil  Imill   for  the  Skagit  River  trade,  the  //diii  for  Port 

Orchard,  the  Ittih  Mine  launched  at  .Steilacoom,  l.diui  and  Slaxdinsl  at 

Seattle,  the  Cora  and  one  or  two  others.     Tlie  I'^ixisy  was  .sold  hy  the 

Pu^et  Sound  Transportation  t'ompany  to  I).  H.Jackson,  the  /(•.v.v/V   hy 

r.eor>;e  II.  Smith  to  Capt.  J.  O    Parker,  and   the  fosrpliiin   to  J.  O.  Hell 

for   j(7,(«iii,     Harry   I.ott  was   operating    the    //of<r   to   \'ictoria,     The 

X'ictoria    boats    were:     the    iW'illi    I'lUii",    Thomas    Wilson,    captain, 

deorKc   Kolierts,  mate;     tuott^f  /•,'.  S/nrr,  Cyrus  Orr,  captain,  A.  M. 

Mc.Mpine,  raate.     The  AV/rv;  .-liniiisoii,  after  an  idleness  of  five  years, 

sank  at  the  wharf  in  Seattle.     The  fmest  addition  to  the  inland  lleet 

was  the  steamer  A'.  /'.  Rillnl,  constructed  liy  Commodore  John   IrviuK 

at  Victoria   to   take  the  Jjlace  of   the  lost   l\li  iitnth   Iiiiiia.     She  was 

launched  April  :!otli  and  made  her  trial  trip  June  7tli.     .She  was  one 

hundred  and  seventy  six  feet  lon(j.  thirty-four  feet  beam,  av'l  eijjhl  feet 

IidIcI,  and  was  the  first  steamer  in  those  waters  ecpiipped  with  hyilraulic  steeriiif;  >;'-'■"'•     Captain  Irving  handled 

her  liimself  the  first  year  after  she  was  completed,  and  Capt.  J.  I).  Tackaberry  was  master  in   1SS4.     In   iS.Ss  she 

rt:!--  started  on  the  Nanaimo  route  in  opposition  to  the  .  liiirlia,  and  since  that  time  has  been  euKati^^'d  on  the 

Kra--er  River  in  charge  of  Captain  Jagers  most  of  the  time.     The  steamer  (iirlnidc  was  brought  to  the  h'raser 

from  the  Stickeen,  and,   in  charije  of  Captain  Odin,   ran  opposition   to   the   William   /r;i/ix>,  which   had  been 

ixlensively  repaired.     The  steamers  Cussittr,  Wrsliiii  Slof<(-  and  Pacific  Slope  w^ie  also  on  the  Fraser.     The  latter 

was  a  small  steruwheeler  with  a  single  enjfine  and  made  her  first  trip  on  the  Fraser,  April   ist.     The  Wilson  (i. 

Ilidil  was  runniuK  to  Como^4  and  Nanaimo  from  \'ictoria.     On   Kamloops  I.ake  the  /.adr  l^iij/criu,  /'ccilcss, 

A'iiw/(i(i/>.(,  Si-in~y  and  others 

were  engaged.     The   latter 

vessel  was  in  the  service  of  ' 


Cait.  i\.  I'.   HrcKl.lN 


,'     !l 


om  Sea' 

He  ill 

'ho  ran 

ar  to 

illoiJ  at  L 
lisoii  Ml' 

ikU'II, 
a  Iter 

■  liec'iinii' 

■laster 

Ileth.' 

went 

ny  as  im; 

lill  of 

?  was  oil 

r  tug 

stcaiiiiM- 

;Mt  of 

aiiil.  on  ! 

rivillK 

ml  pur- 

"11  a 

^^iX4^^ 


iiuinliiT  of  tlie  Ort'^nn  Kail\va\'  iV 

Na\i^ati(>ii  steamers.     In  iK.S^;  lit' 

cliaiuii'd  llie  /ivii'ixi'l.  opfratiiiH 

lier  for  several    inoiulis,  Ifaviiij; 

lur  in   lime,   |SS5,  when  he  was 

appointed  collector  uf  cnsloms  at 

I'nit  Townsend.     On    retirinj^ 

fmiii  I  he  olhee  n  year  later  lie  wa.s 

in  till'  employ  of  the  Washinfjtoii 

StcMiiiliiiat  Company  as  master  of 

till-  I'.  J i I /i  until  Jaiinnry,  1SS7, 

wlifii  he  was  made  a  special  a^eiil 

of  till-  I'liiled  Slates  Treasury 

ln-p  iiiinent,  holding  ,his  positioii 

until  .\)iril,  iSSi).     He  then   pur- 

cli:i.i'<l  the   steamer   /.   A'.  I.ihhy 

.ind  with  others  foniied  the  Island 

Tiaiisportation  Company,  operat- 
ing llie  I.ihhy,  I'oiiil  .In  11,1  anil 

(iiihiiil    Miles.      The    company 

relii.il    from   husiness  when    the 

A/'' r  hnriie<l  in  Noveinher,  iSSy. 

anl    Ifeecher   shortly    afterward 

entiled  the  employ  of  the  ("lOV- 

eriiiiu'iit   as   pilot   (ii    the    I'unet 

Sniiinl  revenue  cullers, 

■■  S.  W.  iMuiIkc,  engineer,  has  liecn  eiiKaKcd  in  steamhoatinn  on  the  Colnmliia  since  1S79,  heginniuK  on  the  A'li/ii/t)  wii'.i  Capt. 
Stevens.  lie  was  afterward  on  the  stcnniers  .Sum  and  Oidikstcf^  on  the  Coluinliia,  and  in  iSH.)  went  to  I'uj;et  Soniid  ami  was 
Hed  with  Capt.  II.  I'".  Heecher  on  l\\e  fiviiiixil.  I'or  the  iie.vt  three  years  he  was  on  the  I'liited  .Slates  steamers  ,S//«/i/7ii<' and 
■  iiii/a  as  first  Bssislant.  In  iSSS  and  1,S,S9  he  was  en.nineer  on  the  steamer  /iiA;/  /linr,  running  to  .-Maska,  leavinn  ,sall  water  in 
iiid  working  for  nearly  two  years  on  Ihe  steamers  .Vi'  ll'oiii/ii  and  /,  IhJwiiy  with  Captains  l''raiik  and  Josejdi  Turner,  Since 
lie  has  heen  ennaKcd  on  the  steamship  U  ihiiiii,i;lo!i  and  the  stcainer  /,.;  Ctiiiiin.     He  is  at  present  living  al  Ilwaco.  Wash, 

"Capt,  W,   R.  Tarte,  lilaine,  Wash,,  was  horn  in  I'jiHland  in   1S5S,     Ilis  lii   '  marine  work  was  on  the  steamer  />,s/><iliii, 
■■  he  was  emploved  for  three  years,  was  afterward  en)jaKed  as  engineer  on  the  steamer  l'irt;i>iii),  and  was  mate  on  llie  to//,/ 
short  time.    Since  then  he  has  served  as  engineer  on  the  h'lislhi,  Jiiiiiigcl,  llriik,  J'lirilaii  and  others,  occasionally  runiiin 
ister,  holding  botli  licenses. 


SrK.\.MKK     'R.    1'.    KlTUUl 


II.  1 

elll; 

.1/,, 

IS., 

till! 

wll, 
for 

as  11 


"K 


I 


A 


'^>i 

i'. 

,*;i 

V 

^  , 

f   i: 

■  (; 
:'l 

n 

■ 

-     \     \ 

■  it      i 

•\  ■ 

■ 

j. 

■  * 

■  i 

»              ; 

liiJ 

■  r 


11 


298 


Lewis  <$  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


P.'-' 


CAiT.  William  Ueynon 


the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  construction  department,  and,  in  the  summer  of  1882,  was  taken  from  Fort  \  :ilc  to 

the  moulli  of  tlie  Thompson  River  by  Capt.  S.  R.  Smith  and  Pilot  W.  H.  Patterson.     Tlie  steamer  was  aftLiwanl 

dismantled  and  her  engines  placed  in  the  new  Skm:y,  built  on  Kamloops  Lake  by  J.  F.  T.  Mitchell  for  Contractor 

Onderdoak.     The  new  lioat  was  commenced  in  1885  and  was  in  running  order  forty-four  days  after  her  ktcl  w.i.s 

laid.     She  was  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam, 

and  four  feet  six  inches  hold.     Capt.  James  Wilson  of  Portland  was  one 

of  the  last  in  command  of  the  old  Skii::Y  and  in  the  summer  of  188,^ 

handled  her  between  Hoston  Bar  and  Lytton.     Her  boiler  is  now  in  the 

steamer  Lyltoii  on  the  upper  Columbia. 

The  small  propellers  Jof  Adams  and  Nerv  Westminster  were  con- 
structed in  i,S82  for  .service  in  connection  with  the  Fraser  River  Cannery. 

The  propeller  Piineess  Louise,  Jr.,  was  purchased  by   Mr.   Duncan  and 

taken    to    the    Metlakatlah    mission    in    Alaska.      Capt.   J.    D.    Warren 

launched  the  steam  schooner  draee  for  sealing  and  trading  along  the 

coast,  and  Capt.  William  Beynon  "'  was  for  a  long   time   in   command. 

The   northern   trade   had  grown  to  such  proportions  that  a  number  of 

Victorians   purcha.sed    the    British    steamship    Sardonyx,  which    arrived 

from    Liverpool,   May    2olh,  in   charge   of    Capt.   William    Meyers   and 

Kngineer    Madigan.     The    Sardonyx  was   built   at   Greenock    in    1869, 

and  was  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  feet  long,  twenty-six  feet  beam, 

and  fourteen  feet  hold,  with  engines  twenty-five  and  forty-four  by  thirty 

inches.     She  was   eighty-one   days   on   the   way    out   and   entered    the 

northern  trade  June   ist,  in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  D.  Warren.     She  proved 

rather    expensive    for    the   traffic   am'    in    18.S4   was   .sent   to   China   in 

command  of  Capt.  S.   W.   Bucknam,"  with  a  cargo  of  freight  and  two 

hundred  and  fifty  Chinamen.     She  ritnrned  in  May,  1S85,  and  a  year  later  sailed  for  Mexican  ports  under  cliarter 

to  a  Mexican  navigation  company,  Captain  Bucknam  remaining  in  command.     After  a  year  in  that  service  >hc 

returned  to  Victoria,  where  she  was  purchased  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  who  operated  licr 

betweer.  the  Columbia  River  and  British  Columbia  ports  until  1890,  when  .she  was  wrecked  near  Fort  Simpson 

(see  wreck  of  .Sardonyx). 

A  notal)le  arrival  in  steamship  circles  in   1882  was  the  Wilmington,  which  reached  ^'ictoria  on  Ikt  first 

trip  December  20th,  in  command  of  Captain  Ross.     She  was  constructed  at  Wilmington  in  1865,  but  a  lew  ye;irs 

later  was  so  badly  damaged  in  a  storm  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  that 
.:-,  .    ^.(,.i,,i  ...  -   .  she  was  rebuilt  at  Philadelphia  in  1870.     After  reaching  the  Pacific 

Coast  .she  was  purchased  by  Frank  Barnard,  who  operated  her  on 
the  northern  routes  as  an  opposition  steamer.  Ross  was  succecdeil 
by  Capt.  David  Blackburn,  who  was  lost  in  1894  on  the  Moiitserrnl. 
In  his  charge  she  ran  t,.  Puget  Sound  in  1883,  being  the  l''st  o;e:in 
steamer  to  touch  at  Whatcom  since  1S58.  Ivarly  in  January,  1SS5, 
1W*      iK  while  on  a  trip  to  \'ictoria,  her  machinery  was  disabled  in  hititiidt.- 

44"  13',  longitude  123°  2',  and  before  Captain  Blackburn  could  t;et 
her  under  control  she  was  3110  miles  off  shore,  nearly  opposite  Sitk.i. 
She  had  a  crew  of  tw^enty-six  men  and  twenty-three  passengers  anil 
was  out  thirteen  days.     In  August  the  steamer  was  subsidized  and 

"Cipt.  WilHiiin  Hcvnoii  was  lioni  in  .Swansea,  Wales,  in  US411.  inltreil 
the  marine  service  at  his  l)irth|)lace,  and  followed  deep  water  nntil  iSoh,  when 
he  went  to  California,  remaining  there  for  five  years,  and  then  sailing  to  T'  x^t 
Sound  on  the  liark  Gtiii  of  llie  Oaan,  leavinj;  her  for  a  lierth  on  the  (fi'litih  ami 
the  tuK  ri77/?  ll'itHei.  He  then  nimle  a  trip  to  Tahiti  and  hack  to  the  .''oiiiicl 
liy  way  of  San  iManeisco,  and  in  1.S74  joined  the  steamer  i'lii-iiLui,  jiisl  l.inmiuil. 
lie  went  to  Victoria  in  i.S7,s  and  served  on  the  steamer  /\)iiiiia,  and  iVoiii  Iier 
shipped  as  mate  on  the  /llink  Diatnoiiil.  Hefore  J.  ]).  Warren  placed  steam  in 
his  sU.  jp  Tliiinilon,  Ueynon  sailed  with  her  as  ni.ate.  leaving  he,-  to  relnrii  i"  the 
/Uaik  lUamond  and  /:■///(  .i!  ,•  an.l,  when  the  Thoi  1. 1,  ;;  was  litted  as  a  steaii;.  r,  he 
UKain  joined  her  and  has  since  licen  master  of  at'  of  Warren's  vessels.  He  was 
uiale  on  the  steamer  lUubaia  tiowowUz  for  nearly  fonr  years  and  master  nt  the 
t'i(;;A'<i  (;«(//•"/(' and  of  the  .Mfit.  lie  was  in  command  of  the  tiiR  Myitciy  'lien 
she  went  north  with  the  honndaiy  snrvcy  commission  and  ran  her  on  her  ui.irii- 
'"Capt.  S.  W.  Unckiiam  was  horn  in  St.  Johns,  New  Hrnnswick,  in  r.,S". 
commenced  his  career  on  the  .Mlantic  Coast,  running  to  the  West  Indies  imiI  of 
New  York,  and  also  made  occasional  trips  to  Sonth  .\meriean  ports.  His  lirst  visit  to  the  Northwest  was  in  1SS3  in  coinniand  I'l  the 
bark  /«!,"'  'Wi/'',  of  which  he  was  a  jiart  owner.  As  he  was  favorably  impressed  with  the  eonntry,  and  was  accomi)anieil  by  his  f  .iiilv, 
he  dc-ided  to  locate  in  V;,toria,  He  was  niven  command  of  the  steamship  Sutttoiiyx  soon  after  her  arrival  and  remained  wii' 
for  a  year,  ninniiiK'  to  IIiMi>;kon^.'  and  Mexico.  He  then  took  charge  of  the  venerable  Heavei  Uix  a  few  months,  leavinj,'  her  to  ■. 
I\ast,  where  he  pnrchased  the  sealin;;  schooner  .hiil,  with  which  he  made  a  iruise  to  HerinK  Sea,  was  oidered  out  liy  I'"'  I  ■ 
States  revenue  cntter  /\'icliard  A'l/s/i,  and  on  retnrniiif;  to  Victoria  took  conuiiaml  of  the  dredge  l\u>lii\  remaining  with  her 
eijjhteen  uiuiiths.     In  iSyi  he  was  appointed  pilot  for  the  Victoria  and  Ksqnimalt  districts,  and  is  still  engaged  in  i'  it  work. 


\V.  IlreKN.. 


■  her 


le.l 


The  Closiiuj  Diiys  of  the  (loklen  Era  of  Columbia  River  Steamboating 


299 


retiri'l  to  Oakland  Creek,  but  was  sent  to  China  a  month  later.  The  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company  tired 
of  ilii  l>argain,  and  in  iS.SS  Barnard  aji;ain  started  her  on  the  Sound  route  in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  W.  Gage. 
About  1.S91  she  was  purchased  by  the  Merchants'  Steamsliip  Company,  who  ran  her  between  the  Columbia 
Rjvii  and  San  Francisco.  In  ilovember  slie  was  driven  north  during  a  heavy  gali ,  and  reached  Seattle  in  a 
damaged  condition,  with  empty  coal  bunkers.  Ned  Moody,  her  master,  Thomas  Moran,  chief  e!i;.;ineer,  and 
IHi  CVtte,  first  officer,  resigned.  Captain  Angenstein  took  command  for  a  few  trijis,  but  was  easily  satisfied 
anil  i;!^''^  ""•"*>■  *"  ^'-  '^'-  Jessen.  While  he  was  master  the  steamship  crashed  into  the  tug  Astoria,  and  several 
tlioii>and  dollars  in  damages  resulted.  Jessen  left  her  soon  after  this,  and  Capt.  Peter  H.  Crim  took  charge.  l!y 
this  lime  the  U'i7iii/in;h»i  was  in  bad  odor  owing  to  the  belief  that  she  was  engaged  in  smuggling,  her  owners 
having  taken  her  ofT  the  Kan  Franci.sco  route  and  started  her  on  the  run  between  Vancouver,  Victoria  and 
Portland.  She  was  .seized  at  Astoria,  July  11,  1892,  on  a  charge  of  having  contraband  opium  01:  board,  but 
was  released  and  conti.iued  in  .service  until  January,  189^  when  she  reached  Astoria  in  a  battered  condition,  six 
days  from  Puget  Sound,  her  lime  cargo  having  twice  fired  the  vessel.  She  was  taken  to  Llnnton  to  discharge, 
and  while  lying  at  the  wharf  again  caught  fire  and  burned  everything  except  the  hull,  which  sank  at  the 
dock,  warped  and  twisted.  \V.  B.  Jackling  was  her  l.tst  engineer,  and  subsequently  proved  to  be  one  ol  the 
ringleaders  of  the  big  opium  ring  which  was  exposed  soon  after  the  Haylian  Republic  took  the  ll'i/)iiiiij>/oii's 
place  in  the  trade.  The  steamer  registered  752  tons,  with  single  engines  forty-four  and  one-half  by  seventy-two 
inches,  the  power  being 

distributed  by  coj;  gearing.  - 

In  February,   iSof    while  . 

on  licr  way  from  La  Conner 
to  Seattle,  Judge  Green  of 
Seattle  held  a  session  of 
court  on  board,  which  is 
said  to  be  the  only  in.stance 
on  record  of  such  a  pro- 
ceeding. 

Noting  the  .success 
of  liarnard  on  the  northern 
route,  Nicholas  I.uning  of 
Sau  Franci-sco  purchased 
the  old  steamship  W'illiaiii 
Tabor  from  John  T.  Wright 
and  prepared  her  for  the 
Portland  and  San  Francisco 
trade.  A  monthly  subsidy 
of  three  thousand  dollars 
induced  him  to  keep  t  h  e 
Tabor  in  San  F'rancisco. 
The  Pacific  Coast  Steam- 
sliip Company  added  the 
Oidiii  Of  lilt-  Pacific  to  their 

northern  lleet  in  1882,  the  steamer  reaching  Portland  on  hci  first  trij)  September  i8th  in  charge  of  Capt. 
Ivzekiel  Alexander."  She  was  built  at  Philadelphia,  and  was  three  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long,  thirty-eight 
feet  five  inches  beam,  and  twenty-one  feet  two  inches  depth  of  hold,  1,697  tons  register,  with  engines  forty-five 
anl  ninety  by  forty-eight  inches.  She  continued  rniniing  on  the  Portland  route  until  December,  i88_^,  when 
she  was  reiired.  In  September,  i88_v  while  en  ionic  to  Portland  with  a  large  party  of  notables  on  tli  ir  way 
north  to  witness  the  driving  of  the  last  spike  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  she  stranded  on  Clatsop  Spit, 
and  came  very  near  proving  a  total  wreck.  The  tugs  rioiiccr,  llrciiliaiii,  .liioria,  Columbia  and  Ccitcral  Miles 
finally  succeeded  in  floating  her,  receiving  over  jH6o,ik-)<)  salvage.  Heavy  fog  and  smoke  caused  the  accident, 
.IS  tlie  steamer  was  in  charge  of  A.  H.  Wass,  a  pilot  of  uii(|Uestioned  ability.  She  had  on  board  at  the  time  (d" 
llie  disaster  two  hundred  .i"d  thirty-two  passengers  and  a  crew  of  ninety  men.  After  leaving  the  iKirtlieni  route 
tile  (>ue--u  ran  south  from  San  F'rancisco  for  a  long  time,  and  for  the  past  fev,-  years  has   been  in  the  .\laska 


[    !\' 


■   ;  i 


in 


iswick,  iti  !'5o, 


*'  Capt.  l'>.t'kiel  Alexander  was  l)orii  in  Maine  in  1844.  began  his  life  on  tlie  water  on  a  tisliinK  sinaok  at  tlie  age  ofnini'.  ran 
ill  tlu-  tishiujj  aiul  coastinj^  business  for  several  years,  and  iJurinj;  the  Civil  'Var  s])ent  consiilerabJe  time  in  the  Navy.  On  .inival  nn 
tlif  I'.tcilic  Coast  in  1S6H  he  joined  the  schooner  ,  /.A;  /■/  c,  runninj^  In  the  Aictic  Ocean.  He  remained  witli  her  until  she  was  l'\.t, 
Mh\  III  iS7()  went  back  I'lasl.  returtiinj,.^  ajj;aiii  in  iS;.)  ami  eutcrini;  ihe  ei.iploy  of  (loodall,  I'erkins  ^  Co.  I!is  iirf.t  slcRmshi]> 
H'r\,ii-  with  them  was  as  mate  <m  stcamshi^is  with  Ca)il.  ('.eranl  Uebnev.  Ke  wa.i  then  master  oi'  tlie  steanisliips  i  'i>n\/tin/tfrt\  /.t>\ 
.hi-  /rs,  /tiaho,  Atttou  and  (nVf^C'  "'■  AV./r* .  In  I.SS.*  he  went  I'!ast  and  took  char^'e  of  the  steamship  i^iirrn  of  f/tr  i\u'ifi,\ 
lirinv^inj,;  lier  to  the  Tacilic  Coast  and  rnnninj^  as  master  of  her  until  1SS7.  thence  yoinj^  to  the  i'oronti.  /\'i'/.>Hti.  Jfrviio,  (>//:,i/>tJ 
iiiii!  "tilers.  At  present  lie  is  captain  of  the  steamship  .S\i///ii  A'(>m/  on  th'.-  San  Oiej^o  route.  He  was  master  of  the  steamer  Onrrtt 
\\\\:.i  she  grounded  on  Clatsop  Spit  at  tlie  numth  of  llie  Columbia  River. 


300 


Lewis  cf  Drydcn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northw  ist 


summer  excursion  business  in  command  of  James  Carroll,  with  William  H.  Allison,'' chief  engineer.     In  1X90 

the  latter  part  of  her  name  was  eliminated. 

Tramp  steamships  in  great  numbers  came  to  the  Northwest  in  1882.     Among  this  class  of  ocean  wandtrers 

were  the  Euphrates,  Captain  Mitchell,  at  Victoria  with  600  Chinese  from  Hongkong,  the  Escambia  at  the  .same 

port  with  902,  the  Sue:  with  890,  and  the  Siralliairly  with   1,115'^'. 

X    The  latter  vessel   became  involved  in  difficulties  by  carrying  more 

than  ,•'00  passengers  in  excess  of  the  number  allowed,  and  a  fine  of 
fifty  dollars  per  head  for  all  over  750  was  imposed  upon  her  owners. 
She  had  received  $47.50  pa.ssage  money  from  each.  The  liritisb 
steamers  liotlnfcll  Caslte  arrived  at  Portland  in  May  with  1.1  yo 
Chinese,  the  lilciicly  in  May  with  650,  the  Aniicrliy  in  June  with 
8(X),  the  Pcvons/iirf  in  June  with  S46,  the  Afedcs  with  850,  and  the 
steamers  Madras  and  Volincr  also  brought  several  hundred  each. 
Some  of  the  tramp  steamships  bringing  coolies  to  San  Francisco  came 
north  for  coal,  among  the  number  the  steamers  Ca>io/>us,  '/'riiimfi/i 
and  C.  T.  Hook.  British  Columbia  received  the  largest  share  of  the 
incoming  celestials.  The  nunber  arriving  at  Victoria  from  January 
ist  to  June  26th  was  6,676.  The  sailing  ve.s.sels  did  not  overlook 
this  rich  harvest,  and  among  those  engaged  in  the  traffic  were  llie 
I'mpor/er  \\\X\\  395  Chineae.  /o/ia/Zian  Bouriw  6^0.  Kate  Davenport  ly^. 
Charier  Oak  45",  Martha  ^,58,  .Igate  350,  Bessie  6(Xi,  Sun  11.  ;  \i>-. 
The  steamship  Eseamhia,  after  discharging  her  Chinamen  at  \  '' 
went  to  San  Francisco  and  loaded  wheat.  Soon  after  pas.siiig  o  it  of 
the  Golden  Gate  she  careened  and  san':,  carrying  yith  her  eleven 
men.  Captain  Purvis,  the  engineer,  and  seven  others  reached  shore, 
Init  of  the  fate  of  another  boat  containing  nine  members  of  the  crew 
nothing  was  ever  heard.  The  disaster  was  caused  by  too  much  coal 
on  deck,  making  the  ves.sel  so  top-heavy  that  when  she  made  the  first 

roll  she  went  on  her  beam  ends  and  could  not  right,  but  filled  and  went  down  inunediately. 

The  Columbia  River  grain  fleet  for  1882  included  135  vessels,  the  largest  of  whicli  was  the  German  bark 

Elizabeth,  1,770  tons,  the  smallest  the  French  bark  Esmeralda,  384  tons.     Sixty-four  of  the  vessels  were  over 

i,ot)o  tons,  forty-four  over  1,100,  thirty-one  over  1,200,  twenty-two  over  1,300,  nine  over  1,400,  and  four  over 

1,600.     Among  the  fleet  were  sixty-eight  British  and  eleven  American  barks  and  sixteen  American  .ships.     Tlie 

latter  included  the  Belle  of  Oregon, 

C.    S.    Hurlburt,    Indiana,     Western  ~-     '  ■ 

Belle,  Ivy,  Annie  Johnson  and  W.  H. 

Starbuck.  The  shippers  were  as  fol- 
lows: Sil>aOn,  Church  &  Co.  44  car- 
goes,   Balfour,    Guthrie    &    Co.    38, 

C.  C;L'sar  &  Co.   27,  Meyer,  WiLson 

&   Co.   5,  A.  W.   Berry,  Astoria,  2, 

Kinney    &   Co.,   Astoria,    t.    Rogers, 

Meyer  &  Co.  4.  Corbett  &  Macleay  2, 

G.   W.   McNear    5.      Taylor,    Voung 

&   Co.    and   Sibson,   Church    &   Co. 

shipped  a  cargo  together,  and  G.  VV. 

B'lrnsiJe,  .Salem  Flouring  Mills  Com- 

pan\ ,  Allen  &  Lewis,  Taylor,  Voung 

&  Co.,  McKenzie  &  Cavanaugh  and 

E.  H.  Gammans  a  cargo  each.     Tlie 

British  ship  City  of  Carlisle  narrowly 

escaped  the  loss  of  a  valuable  charter. 

7;o(j  p.  M.,  January  1st,  1883,  saving  several  thousand  dollars  by  a  margin  of  Init  five  hours. 


WlLf.lAM    II.   Al.MSON 


SIKAMSIIU-     'tlllili.N    ui'     nil';   I*.\C1I  IC 


She  arrived  at  Astoria,  l):;cember  31st,  at  6;oo  i>.  m.,  and    it  Portlan'l  at 


'-' William  H.  Allison,  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  (.>«<•(■«,  was  boru  in  Benicia,  Cal.,  in  1855,  and  when  iiiiile  >• 
serveil  an  apprenticeship  at  the  Risilon  Iron  Works  in  ,San  I-'rnncisco.  .\fler  mastering  tile  trade  he  workeil  at  en^ineerini;  i- 
nnlil  1S77,  vlien  he  joined  the  steamer  ('(CaHi'  and  made  one  trip  to  China.  He  then  went  to  ilie  steamship  (Uvighi,  and  \v:i' 
her  when  she  was  wrecke.l  on  the  coast  of  Central  America.  He  next  joined  the  steamship  City  of  I'rkiHg  as  oiler  for  a  .  :ii 
went  from  her  to  the  City  of  Syiliuy  as  third  assistant  for  ahont  the  same  length  of  time.  He  then  left  for  a  trip  '''ast  and 
there  worked  for  a  few  months  in  Cramp's  shipyard.  When  the  (_Vr«  o,  the  I'aii/ii  was  n-aily  for  lin  tiiji  f.  '1,  racilie  ^ 
Mr.  .\llisoii  joined  her  as  second  assistant  and  remained  with  her  a  year  ii,  that  cai>acity.  lU  then  '  V  !.■  ..'Vf  V,::  p.it'iion  (i: 
assistant  on  the  .steamship  /iunkii.  hut  after  remaining  with  her  for  a  few  months  returned  to  the  sli;,inship  Quee'i  ..  "rst  assi-^ 
ill  which  capacity  he  ran  four  or  five  years.  He  then  went  back  to  the  /iiirelia  as  chief  engineer,  but  in  a  few  niont'.i  <  ■  appu' 
chief  on  the  Queen,  and  in  that  position  has  been  running  uortli  for  about  seven  years. 


iiing 

'iiire 

,^illl 
.lld 

iiile 
.a  ,t, 
lirsi 
lilt, 


Ill  1S90 


i'ortlaii'l  .It 


i*--* 


.\ 


The  Closing  Days  of  the  Golden  Era  of  Columbia  River  Steamboating  30 1 

The  Astoria  Transportation  Company  was  organized  at  the  City  by  the  Sea,  and  built  a  huge  barge,  one 
hinulii-il  and  seventy-five  feet  long  and  forty-two  feet  beam,  with  which  they  handled  lighterage  between  I'ortland 
and  Astoria  for  sixty-two  and  one-half  cents  per  ton.  The  pilot  commissioners  for  1882  were  J.  A.  Brown,  president, 
Captniiis  Nathan  Ingersoll  and  J.  H.  D.  Gray.  R.  H.  Buddy  was  .secretary  for  the  cuiumissioners.  The  Washington 
Legislature  abolished  pilotage  fees,  and  the  Victoria  pilots  reaped  a  rich  harvest  taking  vessels  to  Port  Townsend 
,it  double  the  rate  allowed  the  American  pilots  before  the  law  was  repealed.  Nearly  a  dozen  large  sailing  vessels 
were  added  to  the  coasting  fleet  in  1882.  The  most  prominent  of  these  were  the  barkentines  C.  C.  J'uiik,  512  tons, 
built  at  Marshfield,  Tropic  Bird,  330,  constructed  at  North  Bend  for  the  island  trade,  and  Makah,  (M.y.}.^(i,Jolm  Sntilli, 
588. 411.  the  bark  /hspcr,  664."^  tons,  and  the  schooners  Alcalde,  321.14  tons,  and  William  licntoii,  447.26,  all 
launched  by  Hall  Brothers  at  Port  Blakely.  The  barkentine  /.  .1/.  Griffith  and  the  schooner  .Imerican  Boy  were 
com])leted  at  Scabeck,  and  the  bark  Nanaimo,  450  tons,  the  largest  built  in  British  Columbia,  was  launclied  at 
Naiiaimo,  vSepteniber  3d,  for  C.  I<.  Carpenter.  The  I/cspcr,  which  was  constructed  for  Capt.  Cyrus  Ryder,"  was 
the  scone  of  a  murder  and  attempted  mutiny  a  few  years  later,  which  for  weird  and  ghastly  details  finds  a  parallel 
only  ill  the  romances  of  W.  Clark  Ru.s.sell.  H.  R.  Reed  also  launched  two  fine  .schooners  at  Marshfield,  Or.  The 
lumber  business,  foreign  and  domestic,  furnished  employment  for  a  big  fleet  on  Puget  Sound,  and  the  Port 
Blakely  Mill  frequently  had  over  a  dozen  vessels  loading  there  at  one  time.  Tiie  regular  fleet  belonging  to  the 
mill  company  was  composed  as  follows :  ship  Topgallant,  Captain  Reynolds  ;  Priisda,  Wickberg  ;  Otago,  Boyd  ; 
barks  Maillia  Ridcoul,  Sears  ; 

/,/::/(■    Ma> shall,    Bergman;  1^ 

A'.  A'.  Ham,  Gove  ;  sciiooner 
Coiiisrr,  Colby  ;  tug  Blakely, 
Libby. 

Wrecks  were  few  in 
I  8  .S  J  compared  with  those 
of  the  preceding  year.  The 
British  bark  Corsica,  Capt. 
\V.  H.  Vessey,  struck  heavily 
in  crossing  out  of  the  Colum- 
bia, I'eijruary  7ist,  and  foun- 
dered soon  afterward  twelve 
miles  sou  th  west  of  Cape 
Hancock.  The  Corsica  was 
wheat-laden  for  Oueenstown, 
and  was  in  charge  of  Pilot 
Hansen,  the  tug  .Astoria, 
Captain  McVicar,  towing.  A 
\or\  heavy  swell  was  run- 
'■'■\^,  11. id  she  struck   three 

iiiiLs.  (Iriwing  nineteen   feet 

'V       hrs.     Captain  Vessey's 

...  .  ,        »  CorjriLLi:  City  Watkr  FRONr 

■■  1.- ;  :id  I  ".by  were  sent  back 

.  rt  o-  J  .'1  the  tug,  while  the  T'cari^  is  stood  I)y  uiiLil  midnight,  when  the  vessel  was  abandoned  \vith  ten  feet  of 
water  ',  .  tli"  hold.  ,Slie  floated  until  5:00  ,\.  m.  on  the  twenty-second  and  then  went  down.  She  was  a  wooden 
vessel,  limteen  years  old,  of  77S  tons,  and  was  valued  at  S^o.oix)  and  her  wlieat  cargo  at  $46,838.  The  .\merican 
bark  Harvest  Home,  Capt.  A.  Matson,  from  ,San  Francisco  fur  Port  Townsend,  stranded  on  the  weather  beach 
about  eight  miles  north  of  Cape  Hancock.  She  had  a  light  cargo  and  went  on  at  nearly  high  tide  during  thick 
weallier.  The  accident  was  caused  by  a  defective  chronometer,  and  the  first  intimation  the  man  on  watch  had  of 
(laiiuer  ViMS  when  he  heard  a  rooster  crowing  in  an  adjoining  l)arnyard.  This  wreck  afforded  a  pleasing  contrast 
to  many  that  happened  in  that  locality,  for  when  d^.y  dawned  all  hands  walked  ashore  without  dampening  their 
feet.  The  frame  of  the  vessel  is  still  in  exisl.iice,  affording  considerable  interest  to  the  thousands  who  summer 
on  the  beach.  The  Harvest  Home  was  owned  by  Preston  iS:  McKinnon  of  San  Francisco  and  was  insured  for 
Si4,'«ii).  The  American  bark  }falleville,  924  tons,  Capt.  E.  F.  Harlow,  from  .Shanghai  for  \'ictoria  with  a  crew 
' '  ei.nlileen  men,  struck  a  ledge  off  the  western  entrance  to  Hesquiat  harbor,  on  the  west  coast  of  X'ancouver 
Island,  about  9:45  r.  M.,  October  Kith,  and  broke  up  immediately,  all  on  board  losing  their  lives.     Captain  Harlow 

..;•  ;  .cnmpanied  by  his  wife  and  three  children,  and  their  bodies  came  ashore,  with  tho.se  of  nine  members  of  the 


•«S/«^il». 


nf  111 
runti; 
whir! 

iiniili- 

tlUMl 

coal  i.aile. 


"Capl.  Cyrus  Ryilur  was  born  in  Massacliusetts  ill  1S46.  He  l)cnaii  Koinj;  to  sea  wlien  a  boy  and  sailed  to  nearly  every  part 
worlil.  lie  arrived  at  San  I'Vancisco  in  1S71  and  lias  Iieen  on  tile  I'acifie  Coast  ever  since.  (Irst  sailiii),'  to  IIoiiKl;onH  and  tlieii 
!■.;  in  tlie  eoasliiiK  trade,  lie  siibseiincntiy  liad  the  liark  llispei  built  for  the  An.slraliaii  traile  and  made  seven  \'oyanes,  after 
lie  sold  her.  So  far  he  had  spent  twenty-two  vears  K*>hij^  to  sea,  ami  duri  i^^  that  iiiin.  had  been  on  three  vessels  only.  In 
:■■  took  eoniinanil  of  the  ship  Kiiiiis  /■'.  H'lHul  ami  ran  her  dnrinn  the  winter.  lie  then  took  eharije  of  the  bark  CtiiiolltKii  and 
1  trip  to  .\laska  with  eoal,  and  piles  for  a  wharf,  .\fler  his  return  he  made  another  trip  to  Alaska  oil  ll' ?  Kii/us  /•.'.  Il'ooif.  lie 
>ok  the  bark  (ienern/  /uiircliild,  ami  in  1.S94  left  her  for  I'l?  ;!;:;i  Elwell,  rnnniiiK  between  San  I'raneiseo  and  .N'anaiiuo  in  the 


At 


?K 


V'l  ■ 


n 


■I  ; 


302 


Lewis  (f  Drydens  Marine  History  of  tfte  Pacific  Nortt)west 


crew.  Father  Brabrant,  a  well  known  frontier  missionary,  was  informed  of  the  wreck  by  the  Indians  and  interred 
the  remains.  He  also  found  a  clock  which  had  washed  ashore,  and  it  had  stopped  at  io:oo  o'clock.  Nothing 
is  definitely  known  of  the  particulars  of  the  disaster,  as  the  vessel  had  disappeared  from  view  by  the  following 
morning.  The  Malleville  was  built  at  Freeport,  Me.,  in  1866,  and  had  been  for  a  long  time  in  the  Puget  Sound 
lumber  trade. 

Another  well  known  lumber  vessel,  the  bark  Rainier,  met  her  fate  in  January,  1882,  in  command  of  Capt. 
John  H.  Wolf.  She  sailed  from  Port  Townsend  for  Honolulu,  December  31,  1881,  and  ran  into  a  gale  January 
3d,  which  .started  her  to  leaking  badly.  On  the  fifth,  while  all  hands  were  at  the  pumps,  the  vessel  was  struck 
by  a  heavy  sea,  which  stove  in  the  cabin,  shifted  the  deck  load  and  threw  the  craft  on  her  beam  ends.  Captain 
Wolf  was  thrown  against  the  mizzen  stay,  fracturing  his  skull  and  breaking  his  back.  He  died  half  an 
hour  afterward.  The  masts  were  cut  away,  and  the  ship  righted.  The  crew  lashed  themselves  to  the  poop,  where 
they  remained  until  the  twenty-fourth,  subsisting  on  five  sacks  of  potatoes,  one  sack  of  flour  and  two  galloii.s  of 
vinegar.  On  the  morning  of  the  twenty-second  the  brig  Orient,  Captain  Williams,  bound  for  the  Umpqua,  fell 
in  with  the  wreck  in  latitude  42°  40'  north,  longitude  126°  24'  west.  A  heavy  .sea  prevented  the  rescue  for  two 
days,  but  on  the  twenty-fourth  they  were  taken  on  board  the  Orient  and  landed  the  following  day.  The  British 
bark  Bulwark,  from  Yokohama  for  Puget  Sound,  foundered  at  sea,  February  27th,  about  three  hundred  miles  off  the 
Oregon  coast.  The  ship  sprang  a  leak  soon  after  leaving  Japan,  and  the  master  promised  to  put  into  Honolulu 
but  failed  to  do  so,  and  she  went  c!  :i  H°for'^  she  could  reach  her  destination.  Three  of  the  crew  reached  Empire 
City,  and  two  were  picked  up  and  t,.  .t  elbourne  by  the  British  ship  Blackwell,  the  remainder  losing  their 

lives.     Among  other  coasting  vessels  w  .et  with  disaster  was  the  American  bark  Roswell  Sprague,  92,^  tons, 

Capt.  J.  L.  De  Laney,  which  caught  fire  w  ,  ..e  leaving  San  Francisco,  June  25th.  She  was  towed  back  and  the 
wreck  sold  for  $3,800.  The  Great  IFestern,  an  old-time  coal  carrier,  was  burned  at  the  wharf  there  a  few 
days  prior  to  this.  The  bark  Annie,  Captain  Sanbourg,  from  Port  Blakely  to  Wellington,  was  wrecked  at  the 
latter  place  January  12th.  The  steamer  Chcltalis,  one  of  Puget  Sound's  pioneer  fleet,  was  caught  in  a  gale  near 
Ten  Mile  Point,  November  9th,  while  en  route  from  Snohomish  to  Seattle,  and  blown  stern  on  to  the  beach,  where 
she  became  a  total  wreck,  her  cargo  being  strewn  along  the  beach  for  a  distance  of  ten  miles.  The  upper  works  of 
the  new  steamer  Yaquina  were  burned  at  Portland,  May  25th,  l)Ut  were  afterward  rebuilt. 

Marine  men  who  passed  away  in  1882  were  William  H.  Troup  at  Vancouver,  April  8th,  aged  fifty-five 
years  ;  Stephen  Coffin,  one  of  the  owners  of  the  pioneer  steamship  Gold  Hunter,  at  Dayton,  Or.,  March  i6th,  aged 
seventy-three  years  ;  Capt.  Hugh  McKay,  a  prominent  sealing  man  of  Victoria,  at  that  place,  June  14th  ;  Capt. 
James  Jones  at  Victoria,  Augrst  20th,  aged  fifty-two  years  ;  Capt.  Horace  Daniels  at  Vancouver,  November  4th, 
and  Captain  Metzger,  a  well  knowti  steam.ship  master,  at  San  Francisco,  January  3d,  aged  fifty-five  years.  Capt. 
William  Bailey,  of  the  tug  J3i~,  fell  from  Ye.sler's  wharf  at  Seattle  to  the  deck  of  his  stea;  er,  November  loth,  and 
was  instantly  killed.     He  was  sixty  years  of  age. 


Whkck  01-  STKAMSIIII' 


CHAPTER   XV. 

The   Canadian    Pacific    Navigation    Company  —  Steamer    "  Yosemite  " — J.    U.    Warren's    Fleet- 
Steamers    "  W.     K.     MERWIN  "     AND    "  W.     F.    MUNROE" — Nl'MEROUS    ADDITIONS    TO    THE    STEAM 

Fleet  on  Puget  Sound— Tug  "Escort  No.  2" — C(Eur  d'Alene  Transportation  Company- 
vSteamer  "Emma  Hume"  Built  at  Astoria — Coal  and  Lumber  Fleet  for  1883— A  Year  of 
Disasters  —  Fearful  Loss  of  Life  on  Steamship  "  Grappler  "  —  Burning  of  Steamship 
"Mississippi"  and  Steamer  "Gem" — Boiler  Explosion  on  Steamer  "Josephine"— Wreck  of 
Steamships  "Victoria"  and  "Tacoma" — A  Quartet  of  Vessels  Wrecked  in  Royal  Roads- 


Loss    of    the    "  Ona,"    "  C.    L.    Tay-  ••' 
"War    Hawk"  —  Mysterious    Fate    of 
Association  —  Arrival    of    Steamers     ' 
"Tklkphonk" — The  Transfer  Steamer  ' 


"    "  Revere,"    "  Whistler,"    "  Cairnsmoke  "     and 

'HE    "J.    C.    Cousins" — The    Marine    Engineers' 

Alaskan  "     and    "  Olympian  "  —  Captain     Scott's 

'  Tacoma"— Steamer  "Coos  Bay" — Tugs  "Astoria" 

AND   "Favorite" — The   "Eliza  Anderson"   Again   Running  Opposition  on  the  Sound— The 

People's   Steam    Navigation   Company   of   Victoria— Steamers   "Amelia"   and   "Teaser"— 

Narrow  Escape  of  the  Steamship  "Umatilla" — "Tillie  Iv  Starhuck,"  the  First  Iron  Ship 

Built  in  America — Wreck  of  the  "Lizzie  Marshall." 

RITLSH  COLUMBIA,  the  birthplace  of  the  marine  industry  of  the  Northwest,  was  the 
scene  of  remarkable  activity  in  1883,  and  steam  and  .sailing  vessels  appeared  in  greater 
numbers  than  ever  before.      The  approaching  completion  of  the  Canadian   Pacific 
Railway  brought  many  foreign  vessels  with 
iron  cargoes,  and  the  increa.sed  output  of 

the  mills  furnished  business  for  a  numerous  \ 

fleet.  The  most  important  event  in  steam- 
boat circles  was  the  organization  of  the 
Canadain  Pacific  Navigation  Company, 
limited.     This  corporation,  which  was  the 

iZ L_         culmination  of  Commodore  John   Irving's 

efforts,  was  fully  as  powerful  in  its  field  as 

the  mighty  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  on  the  Columbia,  and 

no  liifjlier  proof  is  necessary  of  the  genius  of  its  principal  organizer 

than  the  fact  that  now,  after  a  dozen  years  of  uninterrupted  success,  he 

is  still  in  charge  of  its  affairs.     The  articles  of  incorporation  were  filed 

Jaini.iry  6,  1883.     The  company  was  capitalized  for  $500,000,  divided 

into  5,000  shares,   with    the    following   incorporators :    John   Irving, 

steaiiiboat  owner  :    R.  P.  Rithet,  merchant ;   William  Spring,  trader  ; 

I'.   McOuade,   ship  chandler;    M.  W.  T.   Drake,   barrister;    William 

Chalks  and  Alexander  Munroe  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Compan\      Irving 

was  manager,  and  W.   Charles,   R.  P.  Rithet,  Robert  Dunsinuir  and 

.Uexander  Munroe  were  the  other  directors.      The  company,  which 

vv.as  a  con.solidation  of  the  interests  of  Irving's  pioneer  line  and  the 

Hudson's  Bay  line,  took  charge  of  the  steamers  A'.  /'.  Rithcl,  Priiuess 

l.oidu-,   William    /rviitt;,   U'fs/irii    Slof>i\    Enterprise,    Relianee,    Otter, 

MiuiJr  and  Gcrlnuie  in  March.    This  fleet  was  increased  a  few  months 

later  liy  the  Yosemite,  which  Commodore  Irving  purchased  in  San  Franci.sco  from  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad 

Com; any. 


CoMMOiKiKK  John  Irvimi 


'I 


rilli 


%'\ 


;;i- 
■*■; 

■( 

r 

I  .    ■'- 

"1 
■ 

;   1 

Li: 

304 


Lewis  cj  Drydbi'i's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


■ 


The  Vasemitc  was  the  handsomest  as  well  as  the  fastest  steamer  which  had  yet  appeared  in  Northwestern 
waters.  She  was  constructed  for  the  Sacramento  River  tiade  in  the  early  sixties,  and  was  the  third  lovv-picssure 
boat  built  on  the  Coast,  the  /£/i:a  AmiersoH  and  Cbrysopolis  preceding  her.  She  was  constructed  at  tlic  I'ntrero 
l)y  John  G.  North  from  designs  by  R.  M.  Je.ssup.  Her  boilers  were  defective,  and  in  October,  1865,  exiiloded 
with  fearful  results,  killing  fifty-five  people  and  .scalding  and  wounding  many  more.  She  was  hauled  out,  a 
thirty-five  foot  splice  was  put  in  her  hull,  and,  after  being  equipped  with  steel  boilers,  again  commenced  running 
on  the  Sacramento.  In  1876  she  was  once  more  hauled  out,  and  %M'\,<xk>  were  spent  in  fitting  her  with  new 
boilers  and  engines,  .so  that,  when  she  went  into  the  water,  .she  could  easily  reel  ofl"  seventeen  miles  an  hour  and 
was  as  good  as  new.  The  decline  of  business  on  the  Sacramento  left  her  without  a  route,  and  she  was  laid  \\\^  in 
Oakland  harbor  four  years,  when  she  was  sold  to  Irving  for  about  one-third  the  amount  expended  in  repairing 
her.  She  was  taken  to  Victoria  by  Charles  Thorn,  captain,  Roderick  Maclver,'  chief  engineer,  and  Peter 
Cunningham,'  first  assistant,  and  was  used  between  Victoria  and  New  Westminster,  continuing  there  until  the 
present  time,  except  at  intervals  when  she  ran  on  the  Vancouver  route.  Urquhart,  Irving,  Rudlin,  Troup, 
McCuUoch,  Jagers,  and  other  well  known  masters,  have  commanded  her.  Her  dimensions  are  :  length,  two 
hundred  and  eighty-two  feet  three  inches  :  beam,  eighty  feet  overall;  hull,  thirty-four  feet  nine  inches ;  hoUl, 
thirteen  feet  six  inches  ;  wheels,  thirty-two  feet  in  diameter  and  ten  feet  wide  ;  engines,  fifty-.seven  by  one 
hundred  and  thirty-two  inches.  The  later  career  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  will  receive 
detailed  mention  in  subsequent  chapters.  Irving  has  remained  in  charge  since  its  inception,  and  for  the  past  ten 
years  George  A.  Carleton'  has  held  the  position  of  general  passenger  and  freight  agent.  The  coni|)any 
commenced  operations  on  the  northern  route  in  1S83  and  have  built  up  a  fine  trade  on  the  Coast  as  far  north  as 

Ala,ska.  The  old  lleet  has 
l)een  succeeded  by  elegant 
modern  steamers  and  steam- 
ships, and  the  company  has 
become  one  of  the  most  power- 
ful on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Capt.  J.  D.  Warren, 
who  had  been  trading  along 
the  northern  coast  since  the 
early  sixties,  reinforced  his 
fleet  of  steam  .schooners  with 
the  [iarbara  Itosanvil:,  built 
at  \'ictoria,  March  31st.  She 
was  a  stanch  vessel,  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  feet  long, 
twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  ten 
feet  hold,  with  engines  nine 
and  one-half  and  eighteen 
inches  by  eighteen  inches, 
and,  in  command  of  her  owner,  commenced  running  on  the  northern  route  soon  after  completion,  remaining  in 
continuous  .service  to  the  present  time.  Warren  was  succeeded  in  iScS^  by  Captain  Jagers,  and  since  iSSivthe 
steamer  has  been  in  charge  of  Captain  Williams  except  at  brief  intervals.  Benjamin  Madigan  has  been  chief 
engineer  for  many  years.  Capt.  J.  D.  Warren,  who  was  a.ssociated  with  J.  Hoscowitz,  operated  quite  a  licet  in 
1883,  including  the  steam  schooiiers  Graa\  Dolphin,  .hiiiic  Ihrk  and  Thornton.     He  was  also  interested  in  the 

'  Roderick  Maelver,  engineer,  born  in  Scotland  in  1836,  connuenced  RoinK  'o  sea  when  very  youuK,  in  iSsi  went  to  I'lui.iinii, 
and  while  there  met  Jolin  jl.  Pre-ston,  Oregon's  first  surveyor-general.  That  gentleman  took  a  deep  interest  in  young  Miulver  inil 
induced  liiui  to  accompany  him  to  Oregon.  Xtaclver  started  north  on  the  steamship  Coliiinbia,  and  after  reaching  the  Noriliwe.st 
was  employed  as  a  deckboy  on  the  California  and  afterward  on  the  Coliiinbia.  He  remained  in  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Miil  for 
many  years,  ri.sing  to  the  position  of  chief  engineer,  and  running  north  to  the  Columbia  River  and  I'uget  Sound  on  the  t"c'//"«Wi( 
and  a  number  of  other  well  known  vessels.  He  went  to  Victoria  from  San  l-'rancisco  on  the  steamer  }\tst'ini/r  in  1SS3,  and  has 
renuiined  with  her  continuously  since  that  time,  except  at  brief  intervals  when  he  has  been  employed  on  other  steamers  dwiied 
by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company. 

-  Peter  Cunningham,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Ireland  in  1810.  He  began  his  life  on  the  water  at  New  Orleans  on  in«lpoals, 
and  from  there  went  to  the  Mississippi  River,  New  York  and  the  Lakes.  In  1)^6$  he  sailed  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  ol<l  sti.iiiisliip 
Co/oiaJo,  and  afterward  ran  on  the  steamship  Sieiiii  A'evada,  between  San  I'rancisco  and  Portlaiul.  He  served  on  the  slc:ini^lii]is 
(,'o/iUii  City  and  Const ilu lion  as  water-tender,  and  also  on  the  steamships  Sanaiiienio,  Opi'aba  ami  /'ari/if,  and  on  the  ^.l.l^le^ 
.liiiflia  on  the  Sacramento  River.  He  held  his  first  position  as  engineer  on  the  steamer  Elteii,  running  on  .San  I'rancisco  I!  iv,  ami 
was  afterward  employed  on  the  Alice,  Hope,  Moiilney,  Santa  Cms,  Seiialoi;  d'yfisy,  ^hieon  and  A/a/io.  He  was  second  ci;.:inter 
on  the  i'oseiiiite  when  she  was  taken  to  Victoria,  and  was  for  a  short  time  first  assistant  on  the  tug  /i7-.  He  is  at  prcsciu  "ii  tlie 
steamer  .Itire  IHancliard. 

"George  A.  Carleton  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  Victoria,  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  in  1842,  caii^c  from 
New  York  to  San  prancisco  in  i,S68  by  way  of  the  Isthmus,  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  California  Steam  Navigation  Com; . my  as 
purser  ami  freight  clerk  on  the  steamers  Amelia,  Caf>ilal and  C/iiyw/iolis,  lie  was  afterward  transferred  to  Stockton  as  ca>i  ii  ami 
port  stewanl,  remaining  in  that  position  until  the  consolidation  of  the  Sacramento  River  lines.  He  then  ran  as  purser  on  llu'  ■  amei 
//(//((,  and  was  shortly  afterward  appointed  secretary  of  the  new  California  .Steam  Navigation  Company,  of  which  Capt.  T.  C.  \  alker 
was  president.  He  remained  in  that  service  for  several  years,  and  was  for  two  seascms  engageil  as  purser  and  freight  iVrk  011 
the  steamships  S/ate  of  California,  Ancon,  Senator  aiu\  C'eor^'-e  11^.  Ehter.  Shortly  after  the  organization  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Navigation  Company,  Mr.  Carleton  succeeded  the  late  Robert  J.  liyers  as  general  passenger  and  freight  agent. 


^1  i:ami:k    '  Vuhi..MH 


m; 


British  Columbia  Transportation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disasters 


3"5 


scaliiK  schooners  W.  P.  SavTcard  and  /hiiaiisa.     The  steamer  Robert  Dunsnihir  yia>i  launched  at  Victoria  in  1883 

and  made  her  trial  trip  in  Novemlier.      As  originally  constructed  she  was  a  sidewheeler  one  hundred  and 

thirtioii  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold,  with  engines  from  the  steamer  .tdn.     In  1S88  she  was 

overhauled  and  rebuilt  as  a  propeller.     Her  first  work  was  between  Nanainio,  Westminster  and  Comox,  carrying 

mail,  passengers  and  freight.    She  was  commanded  for  many  years  by 
Capt.  William  Rogers, '  at  present  one  of  her  owners. 

The  small  steamer  Lottie  was  built  at  Cypress  Island  and  placed 
in  the  jobbing  trade  out  of  Victoria.  Sf>rnll's  Ark,  an  immen.se  steam 
scow  built  at  Victoria  at  a  cost  of  $75,00",  made  her  first  trip  June  16th, 
and  with  a  crew  of  sixty  men  started  for  the  west  coa.st  to  engage  in 
the  cannery  business.  Further  mention  of  this  leviathan,  which  proved 
(juite  expensive,  will  be  found  later  on.  The  small  steam  yacht  Oyilo 
was  built  at  Nauaimo  for  local  use,  the  steamer  Sir  James  Doiifrlas  was 
lengthened  twenty  feet  and  launched  in  January,  and  the  steamer 
Western  Slope,  with  which  Capt.  William  Meyers  made  the  initial  trip 
abimt  four  years  before,  was  sold  at  auction,  John  Irving  purchasing 
her.  The  charter  of  the  steamship  I/ylton  Castle,  which  Dunsmuir  had 
been  operating  in  the  coal  trade,  expired  in  1883,  and  .she  returned  to 
Ivtigland.  Her  place  was  .supplied  by  the  steamship  Welliiig/oit,  which 
arrived  at  \'ictoria,  June  7th,  sixty-eight  days  from  England.  In 
charge  of  Captain  Young,  who  brought  her  out,  the  IP'ellijitrtoH  was 
immediately  put  in  the  coal  trade,  in  which  she  has  since  continued. 
Her  first  master  was  succeeded  by  Captains  Whitworth  and  Jordan,  and 
for  the  past  six  years  she  has  been  in  command  of  Capt.  Colin 
Salmond,'  with  Robert  Richard.son,*  engineer.  In  1891  she  met  with 
two  serious  accidents  at  .sea  and  narrowly  escaped  destruction  (.see 
steamship  ll'elliiigton,  i8i)i). 

The  steamships  ruiniing  to  Victoria  in   188,^  were  the  Dakota, 

Captain  Mor.se;  George  W.  Rider,  Captain  Hay  ward  ;  Idaho,  Captain  Carroll;  liiireka.  Captain  Hunter;  A/exieo, 

Captain  Huntington  ;   Umatilla,  Captain  Worth  ;    Vielni-ci,  Captain  Reichmann  ;    IVilmiiiirton,  Captains  Ross  and 

lilackburu,  the  latter  taking  her  to  Whatcom  in  October,  which  port 

she  was  the  first  steamship  to  enter  since   1858.     In  the  coal  trade 

were  the  steamships  Walla  Walla,  Mississippi,  Empire  and  Barnard 

Cas/lr.     The  steamship  Bonita,  Captain  I.eland,  made  a  .special  trip 

north  with  gear  for  raising  the  liiireka  (f.ittle  California),  which  had 

slriick   on  Wyanda    Rock   in    Peril  Straits,  April  26th,  while  going 

tlirough  at  the  rate  of  sixteen  miles  an  hour  in  charge  of  Captain 

Iliiiiler.     The  steamer  was  raised  with  but  little  diflTiculty  and  reached 

N'icloria,  June  20th.    The  steamship  Taeoiiia,  Kortz,  captain  ;  Wilson, 

chief  engineer;  and  J.  K.  Grant,  first  assistant,  arrived  at  Seattle  on 


Cait.  wilmam  Mf.vkhs 


'Capt.  William  RoKers  of  New  Westniinstur,  n.  C,  was  bom  in  JIaiiie  in 
iSvi.  .\ftur  sailing  out  of  .Xtlantic  ports  for  several  years,  lie  .irrived  in  California 
as  seconil  mate  on  a  Boston  clipi)er  in  iSjv  He  was  eHKa^ed  for  several  years  in 
stcanitioating  on  the  Sacramento  River  on  tlic  (JiteiH  Cily,  /■'clif'Se,  .Intelofie  anil 
Onv.,ii/io/is.  On  his  first  visit  to  the  north  lie  went  to  Ksi|nimalt  on  the  schooner 
l.iiiy  I..  Hale.  lie  left  therf  shortly  afterward,  hut  aj;ain  returned  to  Ilritish 
Columhia  waters,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  as  niiister  of  the  steamers 
.'All,' ;■/(•,  .Ida,  Robert  Ihinsmiiir,  ll'estcin  Slope,  yliiietia  ciul  the  City  0/ 
.Wiiiiiiiiio,  commanding  the  latter  at  the  present  time.  He  owns  oue-tliinl  of 
the  Robert  Dittismittr  and  is  also  manager  and  a  large  stockholder  in  the  Main- 
lanil  ,S;  Nanainio  .Steam  Navigation  Company. 

'Capt.  Colin  Salmond  was  horn  in  Scotland  and  commenced  a  successful 
iMiiriiie  career  in  1870.  running  in  the  China  trade  out  of  Hnglish  ports.  After 
sailiiin  for  several  years  in  various  parts  of  the  world,  he  entered  the  steani- 
sliip  sirvice  with  the  White  Star  line,  with  whom  he  remained  for  several  years, 
llie  list  four  of  which  he  was  first  olVicer  <ni  their  well  known  liners.  In 
iSSs  lie  took  coniinand  of  the  steamship  Costa  Ix'ieo,  engaged  in  the  coal  trade 
Itetwt'fii  Puget  Sonnil,  Departure  Hay  ami  San  I'rancisco,  also  making  several 
trips  to  I'anama.  lie  handled  the  Losta  Kira  for  two  years  and  was  then  trans- 
ferri'.l  to  'he  steiinishi))  H'ettiiif;loii,  in  the  coal  trade,  which  he  has  commandeil  for  the  past  six  years,  during  which  time  he  has  nici 
Willi  two  narrow  escapes  from  destruction.  In  1892  the  .steamship  lost  her  propeller  and  drifted  around  four  days  before  she  was 
resciu-d  and  towed  into  San  I'rancisco  Bay  by  the  ^fontserrat.  .Six  months  later  she  broke  a  shaft  when  about  one  huinlred  miles 
souUi  of  the  Columbia  River,  and,  after  being  picked  up  and  towed  by  the  Norwegian  steamer  lUarie  for  twenty-one  hours,  was 
abiiiiiUmed  in  a  terrific  gale,  but  four  days  later  was  towed  to  Victoria  by  the  .Son  Pedro.  In  both  of  these  thrilling  exjieriences 
CaiUiin  Salmond  proved  himself  a  master  in  every  sense  of  the  wonl,  and  his  thorough  knowledge  of  seamanship  had  much  to  do 
with  the  preservation  of  the  vessel. 

*  Robert  Richardson,  engineer,  was  born  in  184.1  and  began  sailing  out  of  blnropean  ports  on  steamships  in  the  Mediterranean 
anil  to  the  Orient.  He  came  to  San  Francisco  in  1875  with  the  steamship  Oeeanie  and  has  since  been  miming  on  steamers  on  the 
I'aciin'  Coast,  spending  his  firsi  years  in  the  China  trade  and  the  past  eight  as  chief  engineer  of  the  IVettiiigtoii  from  Nauaimo. 


Cait.  Ciii.iN  Sai.mono 


J        I 


^;- 


k 


I 


.1 


iM 


m 


m 


306 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pucific  Northwest 


licr  first  trii)  January  J2d.  Tlie  Hritish  tramp  steamers  C".  '/'.  //ooA\  Ctenclg  ami  Madras  arrived  at  Victoria  from 
China.  The  (icoixc  I'..  Starr  alternated  with  the  North  Paci/ir,  which  was  the  regular  mail  boat  to  the  Suuiul, 
and  was  relieved  for  a  few  trips  l)y  the  propeller  ('Vfisy,  an  old  Pacific  Mail  tug  which  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship 
Company  had  purchased  a  few  years  before  and  run  coastwise  from  San  Francisco  to  Rogue  River,  Or.,  iiikI  San 
Diego,  Cal.  Nearly  a  score  of  small  steamers  were  built  on  I'uget  Sound  in  i88,v  Among  the  more  preteiilioits 
was  the  W.  A'.  Afintiii,  which  was  launched  March  i.sth  and  sold  .shortly  afterward  to  the  Washington  Stfainlioal 

Company,  in  whcse  .service  she  was  commanded  by  Captains  \V.  K.  MiTwin 
and  Clarence  W.  Sinclair."  The  .steamer  was  one  hundred  and  einlit  fcti 
long,  twenty-two  feet  lieam,  and  four  feet  two  inches  hold.  She  reniaiiieil 
in  the  posse.ssion  of  that  company  and  its  succes,sors  until  a  short  time  ago. 
when  she  was  laid  up  at  vSnohomi.sh.  The  //'.  /■'.  A/iinrof,  which  was  about 
the  same  si/.e  as  the  Afenciii,  made  her  trial  trip  November  loth  in  coiiiiiiaiul 
of  Captain  Brownfield,  and  has  been  actively  employed  since  that  time. 
Among  those  last  in  charge  were  Capt.  George  Hen.son  and  Ivngineer  (luorge 
G.  Swan.  The  Hob  /rx'iiit-.  a  large,  flat-bottomed,  sternwheel  steamer,  was 
built  at  Tacoma,  making  her  first  trip  Octol)er  ist.  She  was  owned  l)jr 
Captains  George  Roberts,  Thomas  Grant,  and  two  or  three  other  well  known 
steamboatmen.  Roberts  commanded  her  for  a  short  time,  and  in  18.S4  she 
was  sold  to  T.  R.  Hrown  of  Tacoma.  She  finally  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Capt.  Hiram  Olney,  and  while  in  his  charge  exploded  her  boiler  April  i,  iS8,s, 
with  fearful  results  (see  wreck  of  Hob  /niiix,  18.S8). 

The  Shigit,  a  square-built  sternwheeler  constructed  by  the  Government 
for  a  snagboat,  made  her  trial  trip  November  3d.  Ivugene  H.  Jefferson,'  in 
whose  charge  she  still  remains,  was  her  first  master,  with  Charles  Jennings, 
engineer.  The  sternwheeler  (i/ide,  length  eighty  feet  five  inches,  heani 
nineteen  feet,  depth  of  hold  four  feet,  was  launched  at  Seattle  in  May  for 
George  \V.  Gove.  She  is  still  in  operation  and  is  now  owned  by  J.  F.  Vanderhoof"  and  P.  J.  Jorgensen. 
The  tug  Oiiceii  City,  length  seventy  feet,  beam  sixteen  feet  eight  inches,  depth  of  hold  eight  feet  four  inches, 
was  built  at  Seattle  for  Captain  Scoland,  who  operated  her  until  1887  and  then  sold  a  half  interest  to  Stet.son  iS: 
Post,  in  whose  service  .^lie  still  remains,  with  John  Fussell  as  master.  At  Ivagle  Harbor  Captain  Hornbeck  !niilt 
the  steamers  /iec  and  iieneva,  the, former  for  Capt.  A.  O.  Henjatnin,"  who  afterward  disposed  of  her  to  \.  V. 
Spaulding.  She  was  used  on  Lake  Wa.shington  for  about  three  years,  and  burned  in  1889,  her  machinery  Koinj,' 
into  the  new  /See,  which  met  a  similar  fate  two  years  later.  She  was  forty-.six  feet  long,  ten  feet  beam,  and  four 
and  one-half  feet  hold.  The  steamer  W'illif  was  completed  at  Seattle  for  the  Nootsack  and  Samish  River  trade 
by  Capt.  \V.  H.  ICllis.  She  was  sixty-seven  feet  long,  fifteen  feet  beam,  and  four  and  one-half  feet  hold,  and  for 
the  past  few  years  has  been  running  out  of  Olympia  in  command  of  Capt.  E.  Gustafson,  with  George  W.  lielloir. 
engineer.  The  steamer  Brick,  a  diminutive  sternwheeler  about  forty  feet  long,  was  constructed  at  Seattle  and  is 
still  in  commission,  at  present  owned  and  run  by  Capt.  J.  W.  Tarte. 

Capt.  Klbridge  Coding '"  and  H.  \,.  Theron  in  May  made  a  trial  trip  with  their  new  steamer  Liiry,  which 
they  operated  until  18S6  and  then  sold  to  the  Treadwell   Mining  Company  of  Alaska.    The  Lucy  was  fifty-two 


Cvi'T.  Ci..\Kf:NcK  w.  Sinclair 


'Capl,  Clarence  W.  Sinclair  is  a  native  of  Port  Madison  and  commenced  steamboating  on  lliey.  A'.  /./Wr  witli  his  uncle, 
Capt  Charles  Low,  in  18.S1.  lie  »as  afterward  engaged  as  fireman  and  watchman  on  the  steamers  ^V<V/;c,  /laisy.  I'/innlom  and 
/('.  /•'.  Miiinih',  and  served  as  mate  on  the  Ditisy,  A/esxeiiffcr,  Ufay  Queen  and  Nellie,  running  for  a  short  time  as  jiilol  on  llie 
(lOvernment  snagboat.  His  first  command  was  the  steamer  Cily  of  (Jiihiey,  on  which  he  hail  previously  served  as  male.  Hi'  was 
master  of  the  (Jiiiney  and  Mei-win  at  intervals  for  five  years  and  was  for  a  short  time  in  charge  of  the  steamer  Itlalio,  retiring  from 
the  water  in  the  fall  of  1S93  and  engaging  in  husiness  at  Snohomish,  where  he  now  resides. 

'Capt.  Ivugene  II,  Jefferson  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  horn  in  Pelaware  in  1845  and  has  been  engageil  in  the  marine  Imsines.* 
for  thirty  vears,  most  of  the  time  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  Great  Lakes.  He  came  to  I'uget  Sound  in  1.SS4  and  took  connnaiiil  of 
the  United  States  snaglioat  Slmgit,  where  he  has  since  remained,  making  occasional  trips  to  Ciray's  Harbor  and  other  ]i(iiuls  iu 
connection  with  Government  work  for  the  improvement  of  navigation. 

'Capt.  J.  I'".  Vanderhoof  was  born  in  New  York  in  1830,  and  in  1850  was  master  of  a  tug  running  out  of  Chicago.  He  ran  on 
the  Great  Lakes  and  on  the  Saginaw,  Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers  for  many  years,  and  came  to  Pnget  Sound  in  1885. 

"Capt.  A.  O.  Beiijannn  was  born  iu  New  York  in  1845  and  has  been  connected  with  the  marine  bu.siness  at  intervals  lorllie 
past  thirty  years.  His  lirst  work  of  this  nature  on  the  Sonnd  was  as  master  of  the  steamer  Evangel,  and  on  leaving  her  \w  look 
command  of  the  I'lianloin.  He  has  since  owueil  and  operated  the  steamers  Itee,  Tressie  May,  Hustler,  S.  I..  Masliek,  (Hfsy  I'lieeii, 
Fenulale,  Moggie  II.  Yaiio,  Portland,  .Maude  and  Fotsa/ten,  and  the  schooner  )\iiiiiietl  Felilz.  He  has  also  been  interested  in  Ihi' 
operation  of  the  steamers  Colby,  Kip  Van  ll'iiiile,  E.  II'.  I'urdy  ami  Fanny  Laltc,  the  schooner  Jraee  ami  other  sailin,t;  vissels. 
Captain  Renjaniin  has  been  engaged  on  the  Soimd  for  a  comparatively  short  period,  but  has  been  interested  in  a  larger  Iket  of 
steauiers  than  any  other  individual  operating  iu  that  vicinity  during  that  time.  In  addition  to  his  steamboat  business  he  h.is  made 
a  specialty  of  diving  and  wrecking.  I'urther  mention  of  his  career  on  the  Sound  will  be  found  iu  connection  with  the  dilferent 
steauiers  with  which  he  has  been  identified. 

'"Capt.  Klbridge  Goding  was  born  in  Maine  in  1834  and  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1876,  after  .spending  many  yiars  on 
deep-water  vessels  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  His  first  work  on  the  Sound  was  as  mate  on  the  steamer  /.epliyr.  He  was 
afterward  master  of  the  steamers  S'ellie,  l^ip  Van  H'in/ile  and  James  Morlie.  In  1883  be  constructed  the  steamer  /,«0'..wl'ii'li  l>f 
ran  for  about  three  years,  then  selling  hei  to  the  Treadwell  Mining  Company  of  Alaska.  lie  next  built  the  steamer  Raini.  1,  and, 
after  disposing  of  her,  was  master  of  the  steamers yoic/>/f/«c,  I'lianloin,  Success,  Augusta,  Michigan,  Mystic,  Violet,  Volgii.  Oiieen 
Cily  and  Grace. 


m 


m 


<•/,  l'o(i:<i  tjiiirii 


British  Columbia  1  ranaportation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disasters 


3"7 


feet  Umg,  twelve  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  hold.  The  lug  /V7//V,  length  fifty  feet,  beam  fourteen  feet,  and  depth 
seviMi  feet,  was  launched  at  .Seattle,  July  Jist,  I )y  J.  K.  T.  Mitchell  for  Captain  Salisbury.  She  was  afterward 
sent  to  Gray's  Harbor,  where  she  is  at  present  running  in  coniniand  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Kirkaldie."  Capt.  Simon 
Raiiliilph  '■'  built  the  /;"(////;  A',  and  gave  her  a  place  in  I'liget  Sound  local  history  as  the  first  steamer  to  go  above 
Fall>  City  on  the  Snoiiualmie  River,  his  son,  Capt.  T.  B.  Randolph,"  being  interested  with  him.  Other  small 
stenniers  built  on  the  Sound  in  i8.S,i  were  the  Swan  at  Tacoina,  .hiv;,'  at  Olynipia,  S(/ii(ik  at  Houghton,  Minnie 
MilUr  at  Lincoln,  /'(>/■/  Siiisiiii  and  /.onr  /'is/irnmiii  at  Seattle,  the  latter  running  on  the  Hood's  Canal  route. 
OtluT  additions  made  to  the  lleet  were  the  (Jnidslrf),  which  was  brought  from  the  Columbia  in  July  in  coMnnan<l 
of  Capt.  Thomas  Doig,  and  the  launclies  //yuc,  I.iiUi  and  i'i>dciwtittr  from  San  I'rancisco.  The  latter  was 
afterward  sunk  by  the  Itritish  bark  I.aloua  at  Port  Townscnd,  while  in  charge  of  her  owner,  Capt.  J.  W.  McAUep. 
The  schooner  Planlii-  was  ecpiipped  with  machinery  and  ran  on  the  upper  Skagit  River.  The  h'.li:a  .  hii/<>si>n, 
after  a  long  period  of  rest,  went  into  .service  again  in  October  on  the  New  Westminster  route,  with  Tom  Wright, 
captain,  IC  W.  Holmes,  first  officer,  and  O.  O.  Denny,  engineer.  The  CJ7v/,v  Walker  also  emerged  from  a  five 
years'  retirement,  in  command  of  W.  Iv  Baker.''  The  Washington  Steamboat  Company  was  operating  the 
.steamers  W'ashini^lon,  Captain  Jackson  ;  City  of  Oiiiiiry,  Captain  Benson  ;  /('.  A'.  .JAv.-iv'//,  Captain  Mcrwin  ;  and 
PaiiV,  Captain  Bailey.  Capt.  H.  F.  Beeclier  secured  the  Port  Townscnd  and  Bellingham  Bay  mail  route  and 
before  obtaining  a  suitable  steamer  was  obliged  to  charter  the  AV-  at  the  rate  of  one  hundred  dollars  per  day. 
He  afterward  acquired  the  Kviuii^el  from  CajUain  Benjamin.  Tlic  (la:elle  was  sold  in  July  to  W.  B.  Scott  &  Co. 
and  the  Hornet  to  lulvvard  .Still.'' 

A   large   number  of  small   steamers  came  into  existence  on   the  Columbia   River  and  in  other  portions 
of  Oregon   and    Washington  in    i,S8,v  but  none  of  the  craft  were  of  great  importance.      The    l.ucea    Mason. 
a  steriuvheeler  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  eleven 
l)y  forty-eight  inches,  was  launched  at  St.  Helens  by  the  Farmers'  Transportation  Company  of  Pekin,  Wash.,  of 
which  Capt.  Isaac  Thomas  was  the  leading  spirit.     The  steamer  continued  on  the  Lewis  River  route  for  about 
eight  years,    sinking  occasionally   but  making  a  great  deal  of  money  for  her  owners.      Thomas  commanded 
the  greater  portion  of  the  time,   and   W.   (5.   Weir  was  also  master  for  several  years.     The  steamer  Governor 
Nci^rll  was  built  at   Portland   for  the  Shoalwater   Bay  Transportation  Company,  and,   in  charge  of  James  P. 
Whitcomb,'"  made  her  trial  trip  August  Jdtli.     She  was  one  hundred  and  eleven  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam, 
and  five  feet  hold,  with  engines  twelve  by  forty-eight  inches.     She  ran  but  little  on  the  route  for  which  she  was 
intended  and  in  1H85  returned  to  the  Columbia,  Capt.  Charles  Haskell 
ruiuiing  her  for  a  short  time.     She  was  pnrcha.sed  by  J.  C.  Trnllinger 
in  1SS7.  and  Capt.  P.  A.  Trnllinger  operated  her  for  a  short  time  on 
the  Westporl  route  from  Astoria.     She  was  sold  to  Capt.  Charles  O. 
Hill  ill  i.S8y  and  has  since  been  bandied  by  Capt.  Minnie  Hill.  n 

"Capt.  J.  II.  Kirkalilif  of  llo(|uiaiM,  Wasli.,  was  liorn  in  Illinois  in  iS6o. 
His  lirsl  marine  experience  was  t)n  Uie  pioneer  steamer  /'////( '  t)n  Cray's  Harbor, 
of  wliiili  lie  was  ninna^  n^  owner  and  niHsler  for  seven  years.  lie  sold  liis  interest 
ill  the  steamer  in  1.S91,  reniaineil  in  eoininanil  for  anotber  year,  and  tbeii  engaged 
ill  faniiiiii;,  making  occasional  trips  since  tlial  time. 

'•'Capt.  .Simon  Randolph  was  horn  in  Illinois  and  has  bail  over  a  (piarter 
of  a  century  of  experience  on  Northwestern  waters,  lie  was  jjiven  command  of 
the  /-'iitiuir  as  soon  as  she  was  completed  at  Tort  Itlakely  in  1S6(),  and  was  after- 
ttaril  in  cliarne  of  many  of  the  pioneer  lioals  on  the  .Sound.  In  186S  he  assisted 
Cant.  Cvrns  Smith  in  bringiii}.;  the  steamer  i^ewi^tou  o\-er  the  Cascades,  and  after 
jimn^  to  the  Sound  was  one  of  the  first  men  to  take  a  boat  up  to  the  lieaihvaters 
of  the  White  and  lilaek  rivers.     He  also  ran  for  a  long  time  on  I,ake  Washington. 

'■'Capt.  T.  H.  Kandolpb,  master  an<l  engineer,  of  Seattle,  Wash  ,  was  hctrn 
ill  Colorado  ill  1S60.  His  tirst  work  was  on  the  steamer  Lillie  as  engineer  in 
18S1.  He  was  afterward  in  the  same  capacity  on  the  luiith  l\.  and  as  master  tm 
the  Edith,  in  the  ownership  of  hoth  of  which  he  was  interested  with  his  lather. 
He  was  also  engaged  on  tlie  steamer  i  '/iiiii,  the  lirsl  <m  Lake  I'nion,  and  on  the 
steamer  Ftt/niie,  the  pioneer  on  I, like  Wasbingttm.  He  is  a  son  of  Capt.  S.  It. 
Kaiiilttlph,  the  pioneer  luuigator  of  Lake  Washington,  and  is  at  present  engaged 
on  the  steamer  Maiuie. 

'Capt.  W.  I').  Itaker  of  Port  Oaiiible,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  iSj.S 
and  in  earlv  \'cars  was  sailing  out  of  .\tlantic  ports.  Ilis  first  coniinand  on  I'ligel 
Sonnd  was  the  steamer  Ci'l/ii.v.  of  which  he  took  charge  in  iSS(,  remaining  witli 
lier  lor  five  years.  He  has  since  commanded  the  tugs  Cynis  Walkey  and  )'iikiina. 
anil  lias  been  engaged  as  mate  on  the  Jhiisv,  lloliiili  and  others. 

''Hdwiii  Still,  engineer,  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Kngland  in  1.S5H  and  liegan  steamboating  on  the  l.iiiiiie  on  I'nget 
Sonnd  in  1879.  He  went  from  her  to  the  tng  lilakety,  and  lias  since  followed  his  calling  on  the  tngs  .SV'ifWc,  lloriul.  ijuickilep. 
\\iU,\  U'as/>  and  Hi:. 

"Capt.  James  I".  Whitcomb  was  horn  in  Ohio  in  December,  i.S4i,  and  crossed  the  plains  in  a  prairie-schooner  with  bis 
parents  in  1847.  He  is  the  eldest  of  a  well  known  family  of  steanihoat  captains  and  was  tiinght  the  rudiments  of  the  Imsiness  by  his 
father,  who  removed  from  Milwaukie,  Or.,  to  Willapa  Bay  in  the  fifties.  Tiie  yonng  man  was  engaged  for  several  years  on  small 
steamers  riiniiiiig  on  the  lower  Columbia  and  .Shitalwater  H.ay  ami  also  ran  as  mate  and  master  on  towboats  owned  by  Ordway,  also 
working  occasionally  for  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  from  1.SS6  to  1.S8S  he  had  command  of  the  (,'eiieiol  Custer 
on  Slioahvater  Bay,  and  was  for  a  long  time  master  of  the  Utountaift  /tttik,  rnnning  on  the  Nasel  River  and  Shoalwater  Bay,  and  on 
lea\  Mg  there  engaged  in  the  fishery  business  at  Ihvaco,  occasionally  taking  command  of  small  steamers  plying  around  Astoria  ami 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia. 


CAIT.    a.    O.    Hl.NIAMlN 


!♦ 


vm  I 


i !?» ■ 


!li 


I  .' 


30.S 


/.eiv/s  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


The  steamer  Tom  Morris,  a  li.'iiulsome  little  propeller,  was  constructed  at  Rainier  l>y  Capt.  B.  F.  SUvciis" 
and  subsequciitly  purchased  by  W.  K.  Warren.'"  In  1S87  she  was  taken  to  the  Sound,  returning  n  few  iiiuntlis 
later,  and  in  18.SH  was  sent  to  Shoalwater  Bay,  where  she  was  handled  by  Capt.  Kred  Whitcomb  and  IviiKineir 
Will  Hall,  Slie  was  condemned  by  the  inspectors  in  1890  and  on  beinj;  rebuilt  was  named  La  Cniiins, 
The  steamer  flaj'  Center  was  completed  at  Montesano  in  1883,  and  the  propeller  (ileanerai  Gray's  River  by  Capt. 
Peter  Jordan,''  who  operated  her  for  five  years,  when  she  capsized  olT  Tongue  Point,  drowning  several  passengers. 
At  Chinook,  Wash.,  Herbert  Petit  built  the  flfoiinlaiiieer,  which  was  afterward  sold  to  John  A.  Devlin.  .Slie 
was  .sent  to  the  Sound  a  few  years  ago,  being  handled  by  Capt.  \V.  H.  Ellis'"  and  Ivnginecr  Charles  W.  I.ihliy, ' 
and  is  still  in  operation.  She  was  handled  on  the  Coluinliia  by  Herbert  Petit,  G.  R.  Habl)idge  and  ]■;.  J, 
Moody.  Petit  also  had  charge  of  her  engines.  The  Mountaineer  is  sixty-nine  feet  long,  sixteen  feet  beam,  ,iiul 
six  feet  hold.  The  propeller  ./.  li.  Field  was  constructed  at  Astoria  for  Badolett  &  Co.,  and  was  for  several  years 
in  the  coasting  trade  between  Tillamook,  Slioalwattr  Bay  and  Gray's  Harbor.  S.  R.  Babbidge  w.xs  her 
first  master  and  was  succeeded  by  M.  P.  Johanson,  John  Gabrielson  and  George  Bell.  She  was  rebuilt  and 
enlarged  in  1S88,  and  ran  to  Tillamook  for  a  luunber  of  years,  most  of  the  time  in  command  of  Captain  liell. 
Capt.  Lewis  G.  Haaven ''  built  the  small  propeller  Maria  G.  Haaven  at  Astoria,  whereshe  was  operated  until  i.SSy 
and  then  sent  to  Alaska.      Haaven  also  completed  the  steamer  Relie,  and  Capt.  William  Rehfield  set  the  CoyoU 

afloat  at  Knappton.  The  Sellwood  Real  Estate  Company  launched  the 
CV/i' o/\SV//?('(wrf  at  Portland.  She  was  a  very  fast  propeller  seveiitytwo 
feet  long,  sixteen  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  with  a  pair  of  ten  liy 
twelve  inch  engines,  and  threw  a  bigger  swell  than  an  ocean  steamship, 
She  ran  between  Portland  and  Sellwood  in  charge  of  Capt.  Charles 
Yarneberg,  who  was  succeeded  in  1886  by  Capt.  J.  N.  Fisher.  In 
1889  the  steamer  was  purchased  by  John  A.  Devlin,  who  renamed  her 
the  City  of  Astoria,  and  Captain  Babbidge  operated  her  between 
Westport  and  Astoria.  She  was  afterward  sold  to  Shoalwater  Hay 
parties  and  is  still  running  out  of  South  Bend. 

Capt.  Stephen  B.  Ives,  an  ardent  admirer  of  "Eloquent  Boh,  " 
launched  a  handsome  steam  schooner  at  Portland  under  the  name  of 
Robert  G.  Ingersoll,  but  becoming  financially  invol\-ed  before  her  com- 
pletion was  obliged  to  part  with  her,  and  her  new  owners  rechristened 
her  Tressa  May.  She  was  sent  to  Yacpiina  and  in  188(1  was  purchased 
by  James  T.  Chatterton,"  who  operated  her  for  several  years.  She  wa.s 
the  first  steamer  on  the  Pacific  Coa.st  equipped  with  a  Westinghonse 
engine.  The  propeller  (  'nion  was  built  at  Ea.st  Portland  by  fi.  .^orciison 
for  a  party  of  Gray's  River  farmers,  making  her  trial  trip  November  2d. 
Capt.  W.  P.  Dillon  and  Job  Eamley  operated  her  on  the  lower  river 
for  a  few  years,  and  she  was  finally  sent  to  Alaska.  Capt.  OeorKe 
W.  Taylor,  who  had  been  interested  in  steamboating  for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  replaced  the  ancient  Commo<loie 
Perry   with  the   propeller   Oswego,    which   was   handled   by   his  son   W.    W.    Taylor,   also  by   Ernest    Loll, 


ClIARI-KS   W.   IvIHIlY 


"Capt.  B.  1-".  Stevens  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  bnsincss  for  over  twenty  years.  He  is  a  hrotlier  of  the  well  known 
steamship  pilot,  Irving  Stevens,  who  died  at  Astoria  in  1885.  Captain  Stevens  was  among  the  first  in  command  of  the  stiiinitr 
K'atata  and  since  her  appearance  has  had  charge  of  nearly  every  small  steamer  rnnning  out  of  the  Hay  City, 

'"Capt.  W.  K.  Warren  was  horn  in  Astoria,  Or.,  in  I.S6,^,  and  has  been  engaged  in  steamboating  at  intu.vals  for  nearly  liflctii 
years.  He  was  master  and  owner  of  the  steamers  Tom  Afoiiis  and  /•'iworite  for  several  years,  and  on  ilisjiosing  of  the  latter  vessel 
was  master  of  the  Piliilaii  for  a  short  time.  He  has  also  had  commaml  of  a  number  of  other  small  steamers  around  Astoria,  ami 
while  not  engaged  in  steamboating  sells  real  estate,  of  which  he  is  a  large  holder  in  Astoria. 

"Capt.  Peter  Jordan  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1857.  His  first  marine  work  was  as  engineer,  in  which  capacity  he  engaged  nn  tlii' 
steamer  A'osetta  at  Astoria  in  1S82,  remaining  with  her  for  two  years.  He  then  went  to  .Shoalwater  Hay.  where  he  sailed  im  llic 
steamers  South  />'e  11  tf  anil  (,'arjietil.  On  his  return  to  the  Columbia  he  purchased  the  steamer  Oleaiier,  which  he  operated  until  she 
met  with  a  terrible  fate  olT  Tongue  I'oiut,  January  2,S,  i8SS.  He  was  afterward  engineer  on  the  steamer  H'e/iona  for  three  years, 
and  in  1S91  look  connuaud  of  the  new  steamer  Queen,  where  he  still  remains. 

""Capt.  W.  H.  KUis  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been  in  the  marine  business  on  the  I'acific  Coast  since  187,8  and  is  iutercteil  in 
several  steamers  011  I'nget  Sound.     His  last  vessel  was  the  /K  //,  /i/tis,  which  burned  about  two  years  ago, 

^'  Charles  W.  I,ibby,  the  well  known  Puget  Sound  engineer,  commence<l  his  marine  career  in  the  Northwest,  rumiiii|^  onl 
of  San  praneisco  in  i.SSo,  and  after  leaving  the  .steamship  .service  was  engaged  on  a  number  of  the  best  known  .steamers  mi  llic 
inland  sea.  He  has  always  met  with  excellent  success,  and  has  a  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  all  of  the  <letails  of  his  prolVssioii, 
Wlien  not  on  the  water  Mr.  I.ibby  resides  ill  Seattle,  Wash. 

"Capt.  Lewis  G.  Haaven,  born  in  Norway  in  1846,  began  sailing  out  of  San  Prancisco  in  1S76  on  the  schooner  I'.onllfl, 
remaining  there  and  on  bay  scliooners  for  two  years.  He  wentto  Astoria  in  1,878.  His  first  steamboat  venture  was  the /i'(//( ,  ami  iifler 
this  he  built  the  steamers  Maria  G.  Haaven,  Annie  and  Frolit,  rnuning  them  for  about  six  years.  He  took  the  Haaven  tt>  Alaska 
in  1888  for  a  cannery  company  to  which  she  had  been  sold,  and  the  following  year  had  commanil  of  the  Alaska  steamer  .W'velty. 
He  also  ran  the  //aaven  for  a  year  in  Alaska  waters  and  was  with  the  steamer  Polar  Hear,  running  to  Bristol  Bay,  for  one  simsoii. 

"Capt.  James  T.  Chatterton  of  Newport,  Or.,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1,851,  and,  after  spending  a  few  years  at  sea,  arrived  011 
the  Columbia  in  186S  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  remaining  with  Ihei'ii  and  their  smu-ssors, 
the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  as  mate,  pilot  and  master  for  thirteen  years.  He  then  took  the  steam  sclioouei  /iMS/i' 
May  from  Portland  011  a  sea-otter-hunting  expedition  for  a  few  months,  and  on  returning  ran  as  pilot  for  a  short  time  on  the  Kilaiiia 
ferry-boat,  afterward  taking  charge  of  the  pontoons  at  Kalaina  for  a  period  of  sixteen  months.  He  left  there  to  go  to  Vacpn:,;!  Bay, 
where  he  took  command  of  the  Tressie  May,  which  he  ran  on  the  bay  until  1888,  when  he  built  the  steamer  T.  M.  A'ietianf-  ',  wltli 
which  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  ferrying  and  towing. 


il  is  iiiteiL'slcil  ill 


British  Columbia  Tnnsportation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disasters 


309 


Cait.  I    H.  Sanihihn 


Freil  O.  Lewis  and  other  masters,  and  is  still  in  service.      The  ])ropeller  Soisii/e,  the  first  steamer  to  cross  the 

Case  iile  Monntains,  was  launched  at  Portland  in   1885  for  William  Miller.     She  was  en^aned  on  the  Willamette 

until  1887  and  was  then  taken  to  the  upper  Columbia  by  rail,  and  afterward  by  the  same  method  over  the  Cascade 

Muiiiituins  to  the  .Sound.     George  W.  Adams  '  was  first  in  command.     Capt.  A.   M.  Simpson   added  the  tug 

Hunter  and  the  steamship  lleda  to  his  extensive  lleet  in  188.V  both  of 
which  were  built  at  Coos  Hay.  The  Uuiiler  was  ninety-five  feet  long, 
twenty-one  feet  .seven  inches  beam,  and  ten  feet  four  inches  hold, 
with  engines  fifteen  and  thirty  by  eighteen  inches.  Capt.  James 
Magee  was  master  while  she  was  engaged  on  Coos  Hay,  and  on  going 
to  Slioalwater  Hay  she  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  Al  Stream.  The  lUda 
was  about  three  hundred  tons  burden  and  was  operated  until  1H86,  at 
which  time  she  was  lost  (see  wreck  of  liidt} ).  The  steamer  Mink 
was  con.structed  at  Marshfield  for  A.  F.  Hurd,  who  intended  her  for 
the  .Siuslaw  River.  Her  owner  ran  as  master  until  18S5,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Clifton  Campbell''  and  A.  J.  N.  Campbell,'"  who 
handled  her  until  1890,  when  Hurd  again  took  her.  operating  her  up 
to  the  present  time.  The  Cnmpl)ells  al.so  built  a  steamer  which  they 
christened  the  Count.  She  was  launched  at  Aumsville,  C.  Campl)ell 
acting  as  captain  until  1885,  when  he  was  relieved  by  Daniel  Roberts. 
The  steamer  was  reconstructed  in  1890  and  has  since  been  in  com- 
mand of  Mauley  Roberts."  On  Va(|uilia  Hay,  Capt.  I<.  Iv  Davis  built 
the  steamer  Kebeaa  C,  which  he  is  still  operating,  and  R.  A.  Hen.sell' 
launched  the  Mary  //all,  a  small  propeller,  for  jobbing  around  the 
bay.  Other  steam  craft  set  afloat  were  the  ferry-boats  I.i::ii-  Linn  at 
Wallula  for  E.  A.  Linn,  Albiiia  No.  J  and  Daisy  Andms  at  Portland, 
•Tud  the  .scow  P.  W.  //'.  for  the  Portland  Water  Company.  Capt. 
George  J.  Ainsworth  placed  the  small  teak  propeller  .Uplia  on  the 

upper  Columbia,  Captain  Pingston  making  a  few  trips  up  the  river  with  her  pending  the  completion  of  the  A'ootniai. 
The  CiLur  d'Alene  Transportation  Company  was  organized  December  i6th  by  James  Lotan,  Z.J.  Hatch, 

M.  \V.  Henderson  and   I.  B.  Sanborn  for  the  purpose  of  operating 

steamers  on  Lake  Cicur  d'Alene  and  its  tributaries.     The  Oregon  '  '        '••         ' 

Steam  Navigation  Company  inaugurated  a  daily  round-trip  service 

on  the  Astoria  route  with  the  steamer  U'idr  U'l'st,  hoping  to  secure  ' 

some  of  the   rich   harvest    which    the   Flirlwood  was  enjoying   on 

account  of  her  fast  time  schedule.     The  river  business  of  the  Oregon 

Raihv.iy  &  Navigation  Company  for  the  year  ending  December  ,^d 

amoimted  to  111,010,145.     During  the  same  period  the  earnings  on 

the  Piiget  Sound  Division  were  $245,449,  Ocean  Division  $980,036, 

Railroad  Division  $2,810,402.     The  most  pretentious  ve.ssel  built  on 

the  Columbia  in   188;,  was  the  steamer  limiiia  Hume,  launched  at 

.\storia,  November   22d,  for  the  coasting  trade.     She  cut  but  little 

figure  in  this  traffic  under  her  original  name  and  in  February,  1885, 

was    lengthened,    rechristened    the    .  llliaucr   and   sent   north    on   a 

whaling  expedition  in  connection   with    the   Northern   Light.     She 

"L'a|it  C.eornc  W.  .Ailains  was  horn  in  Virj;iiiia  i"  1S57  ami  lif^aii  Koinj; 
tosfa  wlieii  a  Imy  011  the  sliip  Isaac  Jeain.  lie  arriveil  at  San  I'raiioisoo  in  1875 
auil  connnenced  rnnninj,'  on  the  sleanishij)  Oeizaha  to  San  Dicno,  leaving  her  to 
ta  to  I'ujret  Sonnd,  where  lie  ran  on  the  steamer  .llida.  On  reaihinK  tlic 
Cohniiliia  he  served  as  tinistcr  of  various  steamers  out  of  Portland  and  Astoria, 
lie  lia.l  eharne  of  the  (n'orge  //.  C/iaine  on  .several  deep-sea  lishinK  expeditions, 
and  Ills  since  run  out  of  Portland  on  ooastinK  steamers. 

'Capt.  Clifton  Campbell  of  Marshfield,  Or.,  master  anil  eUKineer  of  the 
steaiutr  Fa:cii.  has  heeu  steamboaling  on  Coos  Hav  since  1S76.  lie  is  a  son  of 
L'apt.  \.  J,  N.  Campbell. 

"Capt.  .A.  J.  N.  Campbell  of  Marshfield,  Or.,  ma.ster  and  engineer,  was 
Ijiira  ill  New  York  in  1S15  and  serveil  for  a  ureal  many  years  as  machinist  and  engineer  in  the  Ivasl.  lie  moved  to  Coos  Hay  in 
^^1^  iiid  the  foUowiuK  year  linilt  the  Jiiiio.  with  w'lilch  his  son  Clifton  served  as  master  and  engineer.  .After  operating  the 
slfaiiH  r  lor  .seven  or  eight  years  he  sold  her  to  N.  J.  Cornwall,  and  in  1SS4  constrnclnl  the  steamer  ( "<)i>.(,  ran  her  for  a  short  time 
ami  llKii  solil  her  to  II.  Dunham.  He  also  rebuilt  the  steamer  H'asf'  and  purchased  the  lleillia.  In  1S91  he  constructed  the  /'auii, 
whicli  he  still  owns. 

■■  Capt.  Mauley  Roberts,  master  and  engineer,  of  Marshfield,  Or.,  was  born  in  Mis.souri  in  1856.  lie  conimenceil  his  marine 
scrvici-  cMi  the  steamer  .Itiiiie  on  Cocjuille  River  in  iSSi,  was  afterward  engineer  on  the  steamer  Kalie  Cool;,  and  for  fourteen  mouths 
serve!  in  that  capacity  and  as  master  of  the  Comet.     .At  present  he  is  engaged  on  the  steamer  lltatico. 

'Capt.  R.  .\.  Hen.sell  of  Newport,  Or.,  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1S3S  and  commenced  sleamboating  on  Va(|niua  Hay  ill  1S82 
oil  tin  propeller  Ma)Y  Hall,  which  he  ran  for  two  years  between  Yaquiua'and  Hlk  City.  In  1SS4  he  took  charge  of  the  steamer 
(.leZYi  iiul.  which  he  operated  on  the  same  route  for  five  years  and  then  sold  out  his  interests  and  retired  from  the  business. 


CAI'T.   JAMICS   T.   ClIATTIlHTd 


I! 


7 


|j 


m 


I'?' I 


! 
,  i 

-■ 
■,    il:. 

•!     ■       ,      1    > 

■ 

'W 

*  ,: 

I 

^1 

■    I 

I    i 

1   f 

1   1- 

1 

■  ■; 

'  M 

•  i 

,i;l:i 

( 

3'° 


Lewis  <J  Drydon'a  Marine  History  of  the  Paeiflg  Northwest 


w 


remaiiietl  in  that  occupation  until  iHHH,  when  she  was  purchasecl  by  the  newly  orKanizcii  I'ortland  vV  Coast 
Steamship  Company,  mai<inK  her  initial  trip  to  Shoalwater  Hay  and  Gray's  Harbor,  July  7lli.  In  April,  is^y, 
she  sank  near  Postoflice  Har  in  the  VViilaincttc  River  in  a  collision  with  the  steamer  /hiimhi .  She  wns  raised 
and  rejiaired  on  Sauvies  Island  and  continued  on  her  old  run  until  i8ij2,  when  she  was  laid  up.  I<.  A.  IlaiK  \  and 
John  Peterson  were  in  charKc  of  her  most  of  the  time,  and  J.  S.  Kidd  atul  Moses  Yocuin  were  her  engineers.  'I'lic 
.lllianre  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet  long,  twenty-seven  feet  beam,  and  twelve  feet  hold. 

Lumber  and  coal  supplie<l  an  innnense  licet  of  sailiiiK  vessels  in  the  Northwest  with  cargoes  in  i,s«-,.  In 
the  Nanaimo  coal  trade  were  the  //itivt'strr,  li(lvidtit\  lituc  Jiukcl,  Alaska,  Jahe:  /fours.  7uv  Hivlhin. 
Undaunted,  I'luobald,  liiillUm,  Clirysolitc,  Lady  O'/lrien,  /'iiii;!i'e>n,  Jrrri's  /•"  Tlwfnf>son,  l\m  iVhliolas,  A'lnre, 
A'ic/iard  III.,  Nanaimo  and  others.  The  latter  ves.sel  was  built  in  Hritisli  Columbia,  and  in  comniaud  of  Captain 
Dodd  .sailed  for  San  Francisco  on  her  first  voyage  January  Sth,  with  7,^7  tons  1  ;'  coal.  The  Burrard's  Inlet  Uiinbcr 
fleet  included  the  ships  .•/«/< /o/c,  (Uoamim;  and  l^iukc  of  Arnylc,  harks  li/donido,  Corm/,  l-.llen,  Hifihtaiid  Clai. 
lubilee,  JVifilion,  Kainboic,  C/iin-tr  and  li/i:abc//i  llos/ff.  Other  vessels  making  occasional  trips  to  the  Day  City 
were  the  clipper  U'ea/f/iy  I'liidlelon,  harks  ll'i7/ia/n  Tabor,  l-.iioth  I'albol,  SuhUlma,  TUiluind,  CalUroii,  I',//,, 
Moravian,  St.  l.aurtmr,  (irrniania,  I'ori'sl  Oiinn,  Jean  I'iirrc.  Ihirid  I'lnnif,  .Innir  A'tnip  and  .Ufnury,  iIr- 
latter  an  old-line  packet  ship  with  a  record  of  twelve  days  and  fifteen  hours  from  New  York  to  Havre.  The 
.schooner  l.etitia  loaded  lumber  at  Burrard's  Inlet  and  the  W.  H,  Rcnton  at  Cowich.m  for  the  Fiji  Islam's. 
Vessels  arriving  at  Victoria  with  cargoes  were;  the  Rover  of  t fie  Seas,  Captain  Gaudin  ; /«i/c  (hboni.  I.eliy; 
(i rare  Gibson,   Libbet  ;  barks  .I/Zk/vi,  Cantache  ;   Cliasea.  Prideaux  ;  Stormy  I'etrel,  Read;  Prince  Ruperl.  Sliaw  ; 

Princess  Royal,  Barfield  ;  .Uai/ahm, 
Hodge;  Lady  Head,  Van  Guard; 
/.  Sprott,  Hodryddhan  ;  l.ee  lloo. 
Mutch.  Among  these  arriving  with 
steel  rails  for  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  were  the  A'iii.i;  Oohic. 
k'ini;  Ccdric,  John  Pe  Cosia,  An 
Troop,  Campbell,  Rowland  II 
E.  //.  Morris  from  Cardiff  am 
port.  A  great  many  vessels  came 
there  seeking,  among  them  the  ships 
Invincible,  Captain  Strickland  ;  Gov- 
ernor (loodvin,  Leicester;  .Mobel 
Taylor,  Stanley  ;  lultcin  Reed,  Cate ; 
Slraiin,  Cooper  ;  7".  R.  I'osler.  Rngg  ; 
Pacific  Slope,  Hardie  ;  barks  Tiber. 
Newby  ; "'  Nautilus,  Smith  ;  I'liscil/a. 
Young  ;  Montana,  Nelson  ;  Miiutoni. 
St.  Clair;  Granite  State.  Ross-  JMi 
.v.  Thayer,  Davis  ;  Intwerp.  Smith  ; 
Professor  Nordeiiskold,  Jensen  ;  .///((■ 
Cooper.  F.mnia  T.  Croll.  P.li~abeth,  Tlorence  Street,  Coburn.  Corfm.  Litchfield.  John  liunyan.  Ilattie  F..  'Tuplcy. 
fohn  C.  Afunroe.  .S'i>  William  Wallace.  Osvei<o,  Marina  and  Plato.  Most  of  these  put  into  Royal  Roads  to  await 
advices  before  going  to  the  Sound  to  load.  Among  the  American  ve.ssels  in  the  lumber  trade  on  the  Sound  were 
the  ship  Oriental,  Capt.  L.  I..  Simmons;  barks  Charles  A'.  Kenny,  C.  H.  Dahler ;  Li::-:ie  Marshall.  Adolpli 
Bergman;"'  (('.  W.  Cra/xj,  Hardie  ;  //.  W.  Dudley,  DuAWy  :  Otai;o,  Boyd;  //cs/ic/-,  Ryder  ;  barkentines  AVZ/vV.-vr, 
Sloane  ;  Mary  Winkleman,  Ulberg  ;  .Imetia,  Newhall  ;  k'itsap,  Robin.son  ;  schooners /o/tw  /•".  Miller.  Hanson: 
Mary  li.  Smith,  Johnson  ;  William  Renton,  Kschen  ;  and  the  brig  lla:ard,  Paulsen.  The  Columbia  River  grain 
fleet  consisted  of  forty-one  British  barks  and  twenty-five  ships,  nine  American  ships  and  three  barks,  one  .Swedish 
and  two  German  barks.  The  smallest  was  the  British  bark  Coldstream,  546  tons,  and  the  largest  the  .\nurican 
ship  Henry  Villard,  1,5.53  tons.  Forty-one  were  over  i.aiotons,  twenty-nine  over  1,100,  twenty-two  over  i,:i"i, 
thirteen  over  i.^ix),  seven  over  1,400,  and  three  over  1,500. 

The  sailing  fleet  received  many  valuable  additions  this  year.  Hall  Brothers  launched  the  three  masted 
schooner  Dora  liluhm,  330.44  tons,  the  Rosalind,  273,  Corona,  394,  and  the  Hawaiian  steamer  Planter,  a  vessel  of 


Portland  &  Coast  Stkamship  Comi'an\'s  '■  Ai.i.ianck' 


m 


^'••Capl.  John  Nt^wby  was  born  in  I,iverpool  in  1S49  and  entere<l  service  on  sailinj^  vessels  as  an  ajjprentit'e,  receiving  liis  lirsl 
couinianit,  the  hark  Uiasoierc,  in  KS7H.  He  left  her  to  lake  a  ]>osition  as  first  oflicer  on  the  steamship  lien  (w>c.  ruiniiDK  in  tlic 
Liverpool  and  Mediterranean  trade.  In  iSSo  he  became  captain  of  the  liark  Tiber,  which  he  sailed  for  three  years,  losiiiK  lur  in  a 
terrible  gale  in  Royal  Roails  in  1HS3.  While  in  charge  of  the  Tiber  he  rescned  twelve  Japanese  sailors  from  a  sinking  vessel,  uid  for 
that  service  was  decorated  by  their  Government  with  the  order  of  the  Red  Ribbon  iShoknm  Kiokn].  After  the  loss  of  the  .'Vfcv  he 
was  placed  in  conunatul  of  the  ship  Chrysolite,  afterward  sailed  the  bark  Nanaimo  fonr  years  and  was  then  appointed  a  reniil  ir  jillol 
of  the  Victoria  and  Ksquimalt  district. 

'"Capt.  Adolph  Bergman  was  bor?i  in  I'russia  in  1851  and  began  his  seagoing  career  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  He  coiium'Hfeil 
sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  in  1S72  on  the  brig  Curlew  and  continued  running  in  the  coasting  trade  for  several  years.  Hi  «:is  in 
command  of  the  bark  I.izsie  Alarsliall  when  she  was  wrecked  in  l''ebruary,  i8,S4.  I"or  the  last  few  ye.irs  he  has  been  masli :  ol  llie 
bark  lU^  liouanza,  operated  in  the  lumber  trade. 


British  Columbia  Transportation  Companies,  Unpnrallvkd  filumbi'r  of  Dinastrrs 


.^" 


one  liuiulred  and  sixty  feet  keel,  twenty-nine  feet  heain.  niul  twelve  fei't  lioltl.  The  schoontT  Currir  /I.  l.akr, 
afterward  euKOKi'd  in  tlii' (Icep  sea  nHhing  business,  was  also  huilt  on  the  Sound.  The  Imrkentiue  .SX-ri,'//,  481 
tons,  was  built  at  I'ort  I.ndlow,  and  the  three-inasted  schooner  A'«>//c  W'und  i\\.  Marshfielil  l)y  II.  K.  Ueed.  At 
Soutli  Itend  the  schooner  Sttiloi  Hoy,  .^ifi  tons,  was  set  afloat  for  the  lumber  trade.  Other  vessels  constructed  in 
the  Northwest  were  the  .schooners  l\n-ki-rshi(>x .  117  tons,  at  Parkersburg,  Or.;  (ilni,  121,  at  .Marshfiehl,  Or.; 
Oliiiiihia,  26,  at  Knappton,  Wash.;  Kiisller,  46,  at  Ivast  Sound,  Wash.;  and  the  steam  whaler  Halirna.  vSfi,  at 
Hallaid,  Wash. 

The  financial  loss  by  marine  disasters  in  1HH3  ran  into  the  millions,  and  fully  one  hundred  lives  were 
sacrificed  in  the  numerous  accidents.  The  most  terrible  catastrophe  which  had  occurred  since  the  loss  of  the 
Piuifii  in  1.S75  befell  the  steamship  lhaf>plir.  formerly  the  well 
known  guidioat  for  many  years  stationed  at  I'lsquimalt.  After  her 
sale  by  the  Government  she  was  placed  in  the  coasting  service  by 
Warren  Saunders,  and  in  command  of  John  F.  Jagers, "  with  John 
Si -itli,  first  officer,  William  Steele,  chief  engineer,  and  Dyer,  purser, 
saik'd  from  Victoria,  April  28th,  with  a  cargo  of  cannery  supplies 
and  about  one  hundred  passengers,  of  whom  a  large  nund)er  were 
Chinese.  The  vessel  called  at  Departure  Hay,  loaded  forty  tons  of 
coal,  and  then  stopped  at  Nanaimo,  Sunday  afternoon,  and  discharged 
fifty  kegs  of  powder,  starting  north  immediately  afterward.  About 
four  o'clock  she  hailed  the  steam  .schooner  Grace  and  took  pilot 
Sidney  Franklyu  on  board.  Shortly  before  10:00  p.  m.,  and,  just 
after  the  steamer  had  passed  Duncan  Bay,  fire  was  discovered  in  the 
hold.  Ivigineer  Steele  was  the  first  to  notice  the  suspicious  odor  ol 
smoke,  and  at  once  notified  Captain  Jagers,  who  was  on  watch  at  the 
time.  The  latter  gave  orders  to  have  the  hose  laid  and  the  pum]i 
in  readiness  and  then  began  an  investigation.  Smoke  was  curling 
up  from  the  forward  end  of  the  boiler,  near  where  the  coal  for  u.sv  on 
the  steamer  had  been  piled  under  the  upper  deck  fore  hatch,  and 
l)efore  the  pumps  were  started  the  flames  belched  forth  from  under 
the  main  deck  and  spread  rapidly  toward  the  engine-room,  which 
was  located  in  the  bottom  of  the  vessel.  Steele  succeeded  in  starting 
the  pumps,  but  was  driven  from  his  post  and  reached  the  upper  deck 
after  a  'esperate  struggle  with  the  flames.  As  .soon  as  it  became 
evident  that  the  fire  was  beyond  control.  Captain  Jagers  ordered  the  vessel  headed  for  shore,  which  was  but  a 
short  distance  away.  The  helm  was  put  to  starboard,  but,  when  an  attempt  was  made  to  steady  her,  it  was 
found  that  the  wheel  ropes  had  been  destroyed  by  the  flames,  and  the  vessel  swung  round  in  a  circle, 
uncontrollable  and  helpless  in  the  roaring  tide.  Fire  was  blazing  from  the  side  ports  and  hatches,  .scorching 
the  faces  of  the  panic-.stricken  pass.sengers,  who  blocked  the  passages  on  either  side  of  the  deck-liou.se,  retarding 
the  work  of  launching  the  boats.  The  engine-room  was  a  .seething  mass  of  flames,  in  the  midst  of  which  the 
ponderous  engines,  racing  at  full  speed,  were  aiding  the  work  of  death  and  destruction  by  forcing  the  doomed 
craft  through  the  water  with  a  rapidity  which  made  the  lowering  of  a  boat  almost  an  impossibility.  If  one 
reached  the  water  without  swamping,  the  crazed  Chinese  promptly  loaded  it  with  rice  and  personal  effects,  on  top 
of  which  they  piled  in  such  numbers  that  it  inunediately  went  to  the  bottom.  John  McAllister,  one  of  the 
passengers,  had  four  large  fishing-boats  on  board  which  he  succeeded  in  launching  over  the  stern  of  the  steamer, 
and  embarking  in  one  of  them  began  picking  up  the  unfortunates  struggling  in  the  water.  In  this  manner 
several  were  rescued  and  landed  on  Valdez  Island.  Captain  Jagers  was  unable  to  go  aft  on  account  of  the 
blinding  flames  and  smoke,  and  continued  throwing  overboard  everything  which  might  aid  the  unfortunate 
pa.ssengers  in  reaching  shore.  He  remained  with  his  ship  until  the  forward  deck  fell  in,  leaving  him  but  a  few 
feet  of  plank  near  the  stem,  on  which  he  stood  for  a  few  minutes  with  his  face,  hands  and  legs  .severely  burned, 
ami  tlien  jumped  over  the  bow  into  the  ice-cold  water.  Several  of  the  victims  who  had  left  the  deck  before  he 
made  the  plunge  were  hanging  over  the  bow  by  lines,  which  were  burning  apart  and  gradually  ending  the 
une([ual  struggle.  Fearful  lest  some  of  these  unfortunates  might  seize  him  with  their  death  grip,  Jagers  struck 
out  for  the  open,  and  after  recovering  from  that  fearful  sensation  caused  by  pa.ssing  from  intense  heat  to  icy  cold 
;"iiu(l  himself  outside  the  pall  of  fire  and  smoke  which  surrounded  the  burning  vessel  and  comparatively  near 


C.MT.  John  I-'.  Jaukks 


'  Capt.  John  I'.  Jagers  of  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  tx>rn  in  I'leriii.iuy  in  1S51  ami  coiiiiiienced  going  to  se.i  when  a  boy.  .After 
sailiiifT  ill  vatioiis  parts  of  the  world  he  arrived  in  Victoria  in  1878  as  second  mate  on  tlie  ship  Gonilolier,  wliicli  he  left  in  Victoria 
for  a  [losition  as  mate  on  the  steamer  Heaver  with  Capt.  J.  U.  Warren.  He  remained  with  the  pioneer  craft  in  tlial  capacity  for  two 
years  ind  then  took  charge  of  her,  handling  her  very  successfully  for  over  three  years  in  the  towing  anil  general  jobbing  business, 
lie  llhii  assumed  commund  of  the  tug  /Hlol,  from  which  he  went  to  the  steamer  Giapfiter,  remaining  with  her  until  she  came  to  a 
(lisaslnnis  end  in  1883.  As  soon  as  he  recovered  from  his  terrible  experience  011  that  ill-fa'"i'  craft.  Captain  Jagers  was  .igaiii  given 
tharm  "f  the  Beaver.  A  year  later  he  joined  the  big  tug  .■l/e.iaiiuer  as  male,  and  in  the  sp.ing  of  1SS8  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Canaiiiaii  l>aeific  Navigation  Company  as  master  of  the  steamer  I'rineess  f. anise.  He  has  si  ice  reniaine<l  steadily  in  that  service, 
oomni.inding  the  Vosemile,  K.  P.  Kilhel  and  various  otlier  steamers  operated  by  that  company. 


!      \ 


i  ' 

I   \ 

I: 


313 


Lewis  cj  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


the  land,  which  was  illuminated  by  the  flames.  The  tide  was  carrying  him  down  at  a  fearful  rate,  but  by  n  last 
despairing  effort  he  reached  an  eddy,  which  deposited  him  on  a  large  boulder,  leaving  hiin  there  niicuii-iious. 
Several  hoars  laier  he  was  picked  up  by  some  timber  men  who  had  a  camp  near  the  scene  of  the  accident  ami  had 
started  after  the  blazing  steamer.  They  had  been  unable  to  reach  her  before  she  was  carried  through  vSejnioiir 
Nprrows,  and  in  returning  to  camp  found  the  captain,  whom  tliej  succeeded  in  reviving  after  several  hours  of 
hard  work.  Caplain  Jagers  was  the  only  one  who  landed  on  the  Vancouver  Island  shore,  and  the  first  news  lliat 
reached  civilization  -vas  to  the  effect  that  he  had  perished,  as  he  was  last  seen  with  his  vessel  a  few  minutes  before 
her  decks  fell  in.  The  e-tact  number  of  lives  lost  is  not  definitely  known,  as  the  purser's  records  were  destroyed, 
but  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained  the  list  of  deaths  is  as  follows  :  Lambert  G.  Vivalle,  C.  Bush,  Jobn.soii 
Roliinson,  Bradford  J.  Cardam,  Charles  Lord,  Du'ican  McLean,  A.  Dietrick,  C.  Croshong,  Donald  McPhail,  Henry 
McCleeick,  William  .Smith,  George  Thomas,  si.x  Americans,  names  unknown,  who  were  going  north  to  work  in 
Turner.  Beeton  &  Go's  caniery,  sixty-eight  Chinamen  and  two  Indians.  The  survivors  remained  with  tht 
Indians  in  the  vicinity  until  word  was  sont  to  \'ictoria  and  the  steamer  .-//fin«./(*;- dispatched  to  bring  them  back 
to  Nanaimo.  The  members  of  the  orew  saved  were:  J.  F.  Jagers,  "ai'tnin  ;  William  Steele,  chief  engineer ; 
H.  Dyer,  J.  Smith,  M.  Conlin,  George  Bovell,  James  McGura,  D.  Sanguinette,  and  two  Indians.  Pa.ssengers ; 
John  McAllister,  John  J.  Jones,  Henry  llalc'ikamp  Hd'.vard  i.aiie,  W.  Rowe,  Silas  Lane,  R.  K.  Hall,  John  Cardaiio, 
Julius  Sigmund,  Kenneth  Henderson,  'avid  Brown,  Heniy  McClusky,  Cyrus  Frederick  and  thirteen  Chinamen. 

At  2:00  A.  M.,  May  13,  iS.Sj,  w'lde  the  steamship  Mississ'ppi  was  lying  at  tLe  dock  in  Seattle  with  one 
thousand  tons  of  coal  aboard,  a  fire  broke  out  and  spread  so  ra  ;)idly  tuat  Chief  luigineer  K;iapp  was  burned  to 
death  in  the  cabin,  where  his  charred  remains  were  found  the  next  day  among  the  ruins.  F'irst  A.ssistant 
William  Winter '■' also  had  a  very  narrow  escape.  Before  the  fire  could  be  subdued  it  had  reached  the  dock, 
causing  a  damage  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  in  addition  to  the  total  loss  of  the  steamer,  which  was  vahic ! 

at  two  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars. The  tug  Goliali  went 
alongside  of  the  wreck  Mon- 
day morning  and  pumped 
water  in  until  the  steamer 
sank  in  twenty-five  feet  of 
water.  Attempts  were  after- 
ward made  to  rai.se  her  l)ut 
without  avail,  and  in  the  fall 
the  engines  and  boilers  were 
removed  and  the  hull  aban- 
doned. A  similar  catas- 
trophe, with  even  more  fatal 
re.sults,  overtook  the  stem- 
wheel  steamer  dim,  Kebruar; 
7th.  While  fit  route  from 
Seaitle  to  Union  City  in  com- 
mand of  Captain  Williain.son, 
with  P.  L.  Pla.':keit,  '  chief 
engineer,  the  steamer  caught 
fire  and  burned  to  the  water's 
edge  three  mtles  off  Appletree  Cove.  A  con;  iderable  quantity  of  hay  was  stowed  aft  of  the  boiler,  and  in  this 
the  fire  started,  burning  the  tiller  .-opes  and  rendering  the  steamer  unmanageable.  But  four  passengers  were  on 
board,  F.  C.  Vickery  and  wife.  Miss  Vickery  and  F.  G.  Buffum.  The  two  former  were  drowned  in  attempting  to 
get  away  from  *he  .;tpaiiier,  as  also  were  Iv.  Raisback  and  George  Gowan,  deckhands,  and  the  Chinese  cook,  who 
left  in  a  small  boat,  which  capsized.  The  others  stayed  with  the  burning  craft  until  they  were  rescued  by  some 
loggers  living  in  the  vicinity,  and  were  aflerwa.d  picked  up  by  the  steamer  Addie,  which  started  to  tow  the 
wreck,  but  the  Evaiii>cl  came  along  and  threw  such  a  swell   that  it  was  swamped  and  went  to  the  liottom. 

"William  Winter,  engineer,  was  born  in  HMtjlaiid  in  1846  .nnd  l)e(,'a"  liis  marine  career  on  the  .\tlantic  Coast,  ruiiiiiiit;  in 
Webb's  line  to  Cuba.  He  arriveil  on  the  Pacific  Coast  as  water-lender  on  tlie  (i/v  n/ Sail  FrainisiV  in  1S75,  anil,  after  iiiakiii)!  a 
trip  to  .\nstralia  with  that  steamer,  returned  East,  starting  westward  again  in  iSSo.  lie  ran  011  tlie  steanishi])  U'i/miii,i;t,iii  (or 
a  trip  and  then  joined  the  (ii'oixr  11^.  Elder,  on  which  he  served  for  over  a  year,  with  the  exception  of  a  voyage  to  tlie  .\lcutiiiii 
Islands  in  the  service  of  the  .\Iaska  Commercial  Company.  He  was  next  on  tlie  steamship  Mississi/>fii  as  first  assistant  iiulil  she 
burned  at  Seattle,  and  held  the  same  position  on  the  steamship  Viiioiia  for  several  months.  The  .lext  few  years  he  spent  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean  as  chief  on  the  st  amers  JViim'/ia/  anil  Thru  slier,  and  .-iince  then  has  served  on  the  steamship  Oregon  as  third  ii--i'-lant. 
on  the  Ne:i'l>ern  .as  second  assistant,  on  the  steamers  /•'erntl<ile,  Clemie and  M)»rt  as  diief,  and  on  tile  steamships  K'ailiik,  .  //V  1  .'.nde' 
Dakida  and  Xoyo  as  first  assistant. 

■■''  P.  I,.  Plaskett,  engineer,  of , San  I'rancisco,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1S56  and  commenced  his  marine  cnroi'  "M  the 
Pacific  Coast  on  the  steamship  U'illiuiielle  \n  iS.Sr.  The  following  year  he  was  engagcil  on  the  steamer  C.'cw  on  Pngel  .Sound,  ol 
wh'cli  he  was  chief  e:igineer  when  she  burned  in  i.SS.v  At  the  time  of  the  accident  Plaskett  lloated  on  a  gangplank  lor  six 
'  ours  before  he  was  finally  rescued  by  the  steamer  Addie.  He  was  afterward  eng.iged  on  the  steanisliii)s  .hiii'ii,  Cilv  i>/  I'liehh, 
flfe.v  ■),  Queen,  Sliile  0/  Cali/orniii  Mu\  Alexander  Diinean.  He  spent  one  year  ill  the  Arctic  on  the  whaler //i.'/iv/d,  anl '.n  his 
return  joined  the  steamship  .■•''  A7,  where  he  has  since  been  stationed. 


ST1:.^MSHi1'  "(iKAVl'I-.'R  " 


[1  boilers  were 
le  hull  abaii- 


British  Columbia  Transpcrtation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disasters 


3'3 


The  steamer  Josephine,  set  afloat  from  an  adjoining  yard  within  a  few  days  of  the  Gem's  launching,  exploded  her 
boikr  January  i6th  at  Port  Suisun,  instantly  killing  Robert  Bailey,  captain  ;  John  Turner,  purser  ;  Amador 
Boliia,  steward  ;  David  Sparks,  assistant  steward  ;  Johnson,  deckhand  ;  Sam  Cavanaugh,  fireman  ;  K.  E.  Cannon, 
a  traveling  salesman  from  New  York,  and  Samuel  Babbitt,  a  farmer,  passengers.  The  accident  happened  at  noon, 
the  captain  having  relieved  Kngineer  Dennis  Lawlor,  who  had  gone  to  dinner,  leaving  Johnson  at  the  wheel. 
The  steamer  was  about  a  mile  off  shore,  and  when  the  explosion  occurred  the  crown  sheet  went  up  through  the 
pilothouse,  carrying  Johnson  with  it.  The  boiler  was  blown  entirely  out  of  the  boat,  making  a  great  hole  in  the 
bottom.  A  large  quantity  of  wood  in  the  hold  kept  the  hull  afloat,  and  it  was  found  bottom  up  about  four  miles 
from  the  scene  of  the  disaster  by  the  steamer  Polilkofsky,  towed  into  Tullalip  Bay  and  righted,  subsequently  being 
rebuilt.  Ivngineer  Lawlor  and  six  other  survivors  were  re.scued  by  some  Indians  living  on  shore  and  taken  to 
Seattle  by  the  Potitkofsky .  The  Josephine  was  owned  by  Captains  J.  B.  Ball,  N.  Hartman  and  Fritz  Dibbon,  and 
was  usually  commanded  by  the  latter,  with  Hartman,  purser,  and  James  Kirch,  engineer.  Fortunately  for  these 
three  they  had  remained  at  Port  Townsend  to  change  the  boat's  papers. 

The  steamship  Victoria,  which  was  the  old  Bolivar  lengthened  and  renamed,  made  her  last  port  November 
28,  1883.  In  command  of  Captain  Reichniann  .she  started  from  Victoria  for  San  Francisco,  and  in  keeping  too 
^lose  in  shore  piled  up  on  Cape  Blanco  reef,  becoming  a  total  loss.  She  was  insured  for  $120,000,  and  John 
lieriningham  purchased  the  wreck  for 
Jyoo  and  the  cargo  for  $110.  Captain 
Reichmami  was  censured  for  the  acci- 
dent and  temporarily  relieved  of  his 
liceii.se.  The  steamship  Tacoma,  after 
but  thirty  day's  service  on  the  Pacific 
Coast,  was  wrecked  January  2yth 
about  four  miles  north  of  the  Umpqua. 
The  steamship,  while  c.v  route  for  San 
Francisco  with  thirty-five  hundred 
tons  of  coal  from  Tacoma,  ran  aground 
at  full  speed  at  9:00  i>.  m.,  a  faulty 
compass  being  blamed  for  the  disas- 
ter. She  vas  in  charge  of  (korge  1). 
Kortz,  capl.iin  ;  I<.  I<.  Simmons,  first 
officer  ;  C.  Rodman,  .second  ofiicer ; 
R.  H.  Willoughby,  third  ofllcer  ;  H. 
Wilson,  chief  engineer;  J.  K.  Grant, 
first  assistant ;  A.  W.  Moffatt,  .second 
assistant ;  A.  Pringle,  third  assistant.  Captain  Kortz  and  a  few  of  his  men  went  a.shore  for  a.ssistance  the  next 
morning,  and  the  tugs  Escort.  Captain  Magee,  Sol  7'liomas,  Captain  I<awson,  and  J'earlcss,  went  to  the  scene 
but  were  unable  to  be  of  much  use  owing  to  the  heavy  sea  running.  The  cowardly  life-saving  keeper  refused  to 
send  his  boat  to  the  rescue,  but  John  Bergman,"  with  a  volunteer  crew  consisting  of  Andrew  Parson.  Ben  Dexter, 
Robert  Burns  and  two  others,  saved  eigh'"en  lives  at  the  ri.sk  of  their  own.  P'irst  Assistant  Clrant  was  the  hero 
of  tlie  wreck.  When  the  last  boat  was  ready  to  leave,  a  short  time  Ijefore  the  steamer  broke  up,  he  stood  with 
drawn  revolver  and  .'■loMped  the  mad  rush  of  those  still  remaining  on  board,  thereby  preventing  them  from 
overloading  the  boat  an  1  destroying  th'  ir  only  chance  of  reaching  shore.  After  restoring  order  and  discipline 
he  refused  to  enter  the  bi  at  until  all  of  the  other  members  of  the  crew  were  in.  Unfortunately  the  boat  capsized, 
and,  tho  igh  the  heroic  Crant  re.ic'ied  shore,  he  was  so  weak  fn-  n  exposure  and  the  injuries  he  received  in 
the  surf  that  he  lived  but  a  s'liirt  '.ime.  Nine  others  who  were  wiii'  him  perished  in  the  breakers.  These  were 
.Me.Kaniler  Allen,  storekeeper;  Michael  McGnire,  Patrick  Mi  (Inire  and  Patrick  Hayden,  firemen;  Henry 
C.ariliner  and  Patrick  O'Neill,  niessmen  ;  ICdward  Mockle,  secorl  cook  ;  J.  N.  Ca.sey  and  Richard  Farrell.  The 
Titioina  was  a  splendid  new  steamship  built  for  the  coast  coal  trade,  and,  as  she  was  wrecked  before  she  had  earned 
a  dollar,  tlie  loss  was  a  heavy  one.  Bergman  and  his  associates,  who.se  heroism  was  the  means  of  saving  so  many 
lives,  were  each  presented  with  a  gold  medal  by  the  United  States  Government. 

The  steam  schooner  Ona.  with  which  Capl.  Charles  Yarneberg  had  made  the  first  trip  up  Tillamook  River 
as  fur  as  Lincoln,  was  lost  at  Newport,  September  2(itli,  while  in  charge  of  Capt.    F.   H.  Treat. ''     .\  (piartet  of 

"Capl.  John  lierKiiian  was  born  ill  ('.i-iriany  in  1S.17.  At  the  a^t'  "I  lifteeii  he  lie^jaii  deep-water  sailing  from  his  native 
coiiiiiiy  and  conlimied  in  tliat  vieiiiity  until  iS6g,  when  he  arriveil  at  New  York  and  frou"  there  started  for  the  Paeitic  Coast, 
l!i]ipinK  as  sailor  on  the  schooner  I'oiesI  A'iiii;.  The  latter  part  of  the  year  he  made  his  way  to  the  Colnmhia  River  and 
eni;ij;eil  ill  lisliiiiK,  in  which  industry  and  the  cannery  business  he  continued  until  iS.S^.  lie  then  went  to  the  Sinslaw  River  and 
lioiii^lii  all  interest  in  the  steamer  Foivril,\  (iperatiuK  her  for  a  year.  He  was  siihseciuently  on  the  /.illiitii  and  the  Miscliiii.  Captain 
Beii;uian  V  ■I'- at  Ihnpiiua  when  the  Taionia  was  wrecked  and  rendered  valuable  assistance  iu  rescninj;  those  aboard.  In  i.Syi  he 
«'a^  appointed  keeper  of  the  life-saving  station  at  (lardiner,  Or. 

''Capt.  1'.  II.  Treat  was  born  in  .Searsport,  Me.,  in  1S41),  and  began  sailill^'  in  the  coasliiiK  trade  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  when 
a  l'"v,  afterwaril  making  several  deep-water  voyages  to  various  portions  of  the  world.  In  1.S69  he  came  overland  to  the  Pacific  Coa.sl 
an. I  secured  a  berth  on  the  ship  Coquiiiibo,  sailing  in  the  I'liget  Sound  lumber  trade.    I'rom  the  Coijiiinibo  he  went  to  the  barkeutiue 


STKAMliR   "OI.Y^M■IAN" 


T 

i 

i 

'i 

11' III 

m 

1 

I 

i 

•i 

\ 

i 
i 

' 

' 

■ 

\ 

■ 

!    ! 

I' 


,A 


r., 


f-  ) 


\    ! 


314 


Lewis  (f  Dryaen  s  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwest 


m 


shipwrecks  occurred  at  Royal  Roads  in  1883  during  a  high  gale.  The  British  barks  Cw/z/awi,'^/// and  yVAvaiui 
the  American  .ihips  Ccttvsbiiix  and  Soulliern  Chief  were  driven  ashore.  The  Cohiiiuij;/iI,  698  tons,  Captain 
Simpson,  was  wrecked  at  Albert  Heads  with  500,000  feet  of  lumber  aboard,  Welch,  Rithet  &  Co.  purchasing 
her  for  $900.  The  7'iit'r,  1,028  tons.  Captain  Newby,  struck  at  Royal  Bay  and  was  .so  near  a  complete  wreck 
that  the  C'(7««rt?/i,'-/// 'i  buyers  secured  t her  for  $325.  The  Soiilheni  Chief,  1,283  tons.  Captain  Higgins,  was 
purchased  by  Lieutenant  I,ee  of  H.  B.  M.  ship  Swijisure  for  $600.  He  afterward  sold  her  to  San  Francisco  parlies 
for  $1,500,  and  she  was  subsequently  repaired  and  placed  in  service,  running  in  the  lumber  trade  until  1894,  when 
.she  went  to  pieces  off  Cape  Flattery  (see  wreck  of  Southern  Chief,  1.S94).  The  Cicllysbuix,  1,015  tons,  Captain 
Theobald,  was  sold  to  H.  Saunders  for  $[,200.  Her  purcha.ser  raised  her  and  after  some  repairs  disposed  of  her 
to  Captain  Baker  of  the  Richard  III.  for  $9,000.  Baker  made  further  repairs,  loaded  her  with  lurabur  and 
sailed  for  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  reaching  his  destination  in  safety,  though  the  vessel  was  condemned  at  Cape 
Town  on  arrival.  The  American  barkentine  C.  L.  Taylor,  formerly  the  United  States  steamer  Wciiona,  while 
en  route  from  Port  Townsend  to  San  Pedro,  encountered  a  heavy  southeast  gale  and  high  sea  twenty-five  miles 
southwest  of  Cape  Flattery,  and  a  sudden  .squall  threw  her  on  her  beam  ends.  The  masts  were  cut  away,  and  she 
righted.  A  .six-year-old  sou  of  Capt.  Alexander  Bergman  was  washed  overboard,  his  father  jumping  after  him 
but  failing  to  save  him.  After  the  vessel  righted  Mrs.  Bergman  was  found  dead  in  the  cabin.  The  second  mate 
and  six  men  left  the  wreck  for  Vancouver  Island  in  a  boat,  and  the  captain,  first  mate  and  cook  .stayed  by  the 
vessel  and  were  taken  off  by  the  bark  Areturus  at  7:00  i>.  ji..  February  21st. 

The  bark  Revere,  Capt.  J.  F.  Hinds,  795  tons,  from  Honolulu 
for  Port  Townsend  in  ballast,  was  wrecked  September  9th  in  San 
Juan  harbor.  She  sailed  August  22d  and  came  in  during  a  thick  fog 
at  5:00  A.  M.  The  noise  of  the  surf  was  heard,  and,  though  both 
anchors  were  let  go,  she  drifted  and  struck  the  shore  broadside  on 
and  .soon  punched  a  hole  in  the  bottom.  The  crew  and  pa.ssengers 
were  brought  to  Victoria  by  the  Indians  the  next  day,  but  a  heavy 
sea  prevented  saving  much  from  the  wreck.  The  .\merican  hark 
Whistler,  another  old-timer,  in  command  of  Capt.  J.  F.  Soule,  was 
driven  ashore  on  the  weather  beach  between  Cape  Hancock  and 
Shoalwater  Bay,  while  en  route  from  San  Pedro  to  Astoria  in  ballast. 
vShe  struck  at  2:30  a.  m.,  October  27th,  and  became  a  total  loss. 
Thick  weather  and  a  strong  northerly  current,  with  which  the 
master  was  unfamiliar,  caused  the  accident.  The  British  hark 
Cairnsmore,  Captain  Gibbs,  from  London  for  Portland  with  7,500 
barrels  of  cement,  was  wrecked  on  Clatsop  Beach,  September  26th, 
The  captain  lost  his  reckoning  during  a  continued  spell  of  foguy 
weather  and  came  in  on  a  moderately  heavy  swell  at  11:00  i'.  m. 
On  hearing  the  breakers  her  sails  were  put  aback,  but  too  late  to 
enable  her  to  get  away  from  the  land.  A  heavy  surf  prevented  the 
crew  from  reaching  shore,  and  the  presence  of  the  wreck  was  not 
known  for  fifteen  hours.  The  crew  finally  took  to  the  boats  and 
were  picked  up  by  the  steamship  Queen  of  t lie  I'arif'ir  and  taken  to 
Astoria.  The  ves.sel  was  valued  at  $48,000  and  her  cargo  at  $[.s,i>oo, 
1,015  tons.  Captain  Conner,  burned  in  Port  Discovery  harbor  at  1:00  a.  m., 
The  schooner  Phwbe  I'uy,  from  Port  Discovery  for  San  Francisco,  Ijecanic 
water-logged  and  lost  her  rudder  off  Cape  Foulweather,  April  i6th.  The  crew  were  rescued  by  the  steamer 
Mississippi  and  taken  to  Victoria. 

The  /.  C.  Cousins,  which  had  been  used  oflT  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River  by  the  bar  pilots  working  in 
opposition  to  Captain  Flavel,  was  wrecked  October  7,  1883,  and  the  mystery  surrounding  her  sudden  end  has 
never  been  cleared  up.  The  Cousins  had  been  on  the  bar  since  March,  1881.  Captains  Charles  Richardson,"' 
Henry  Olsen,  Thomas  Powers,  H.  A.  Matthews  and  Woods  were  attached  to  her,  the  latter's  name  appearing  on 

/Cureid,  serving  as  second  ami  lirsl  niHtu.  After  coasting  for  several  years  he  shipped  as  mate  on  the  lliihtrt  llhuk.  in  the  Chintsc 
passenger  traile  between  I'orllnnil  and  Hongkong.  In  iHSi  he  located  in  rortlanil,  and,  with  the  exception  of  one  liip  to 
Hongkong  on  the  Co/oiiia,  renmined  there  until  i,SS6,  running  small  steamers  on  the  Columbia  River  and  Vaipiina  Hay.  Ilf  «,is 
master  of  the  steamer  Ona  when  she  was  wrecked  on  Va(|utim  l)ar  in  i.S,S5,  and  of  tlie  A'eqiia,  lost  on  Klamath  River  har.  Wliili'  in 
Portland  he  took  the  small  sidewheeler  Cleveland  around  from  the  Columbia  to  Yacpiina  Hay.  Captain  Treat  is  now  a  resiil.  iii  nf 
San  1'"'  mcisco. 

"Capt.  Charles  Richardson  was  horn  in  New  London.  Conn.,  in  1S50,  and  sailed  out  of  New  Rcdford  on  his  first  voy;i  ;e  in 
1867  on  the  whaling  hark  ('ij*.  After  a  two-years'  crui.se  he  returneil  from  the  north  ami  began  sailing  in  c<msting  siliiiincrs. 
While  in  this  service  he  was  cast  away  ou  I.ong  Islaml  on  the  schooner  A'«M  -VA^ri'  of  I'hiladelphia.  lie  then  relumed  !<■  New 
York,  going  thence  lo  Galveston,  I'cnsacola  and  Richmond,  finally  making  his  wi'y  once  more  to  the  .\inerican  metropolis,  ulitri' 
he  joined  the  yacht  '/'('I// ()//«/(7.  For  the  next  three  years  he  was  sailing-master  on  the  yachts  .S'(7/>/i/;i),  Tidal  Ware,  FiiiU'  m\A 
(•tacie.  He  was  with  the  Sii/'t>lio  while  she  was  engaged  in  the  internalioual  contest  for  the  (Jneen's  Cup.  While  the  yacln  ■  ute 
out  of  service  Captain  Richardson  made  occasional  trips  to  the  West  Indies,  Cuba  and  Kav.- iniali.  In  November,  1S7.J,  he  v mil 
the  lighthouse  tender  Pulmaii  of  New  Yck,  remaining  with   her  five    years,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  MamaiiiLi.  >illi 


CaIT.   CHAKI.HS   KICIIAHUSON 


The  American  ship    War  llatek, 
April   1 2th,  proving  a   total   loss. 


British  Columbia  Transportation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disasters 


315 


hKANK    H.    NBWHAI.L 


the  list  as  master.     Hoatkeeper  Zeiber  had  brought  the  schooner  into  Astoria  for  supplies,  and  sailed  from  that  city 

on  till'  tnorning  of  October  dtli,  three  others  accompanying  him.     She  passed  Fort  Stevens  safely  and  was  seen  in 

tlie  nUernoon  at  anchor  neai  Clatsop  vSpit.     The  tug  A7a>y  Taylor  was  lying  in  Baker's  Bay,  and  in  the  evening  her 

crew  watched  the  Cousins  sail  out  through  the  breakers.     She  ran  off  shore  a  short  distance,  and,  when  last  .seen 

beforo  dark,  was  standing  in.     She  was  .sighted  again  the  next  morning  and  continued  sailing  about  outside  all 

through  the  forenoon,  occasionally  tacking  and  going  off  shore.  About  one 
o'clock  .she  headed  for  Clatsop  Spit  and  came  gracefully  in  before  a  light  breeze, 
striking  at  2:15  v.  M.  People  living  in  the  vicinity,  who  had  been  watching  her 
movements  until  this  time,  had  .supposed  that  she  was  properly  manned,  but  on 
investigation  it  was  found  that  her  crew  had  vanished,  and  no  trace  of  them 
was  ever  found.  The  papers  were  missing  and  also  the  small  boat  used  by  the 
pilots  in  boarding  ships.  Zeiber  and  his  companions  were  never  .seen  again,  and 
their  fate  will  always  remain  a  mystery.  It  was  rumored  that  the  boatkeeper 
had  been  engaged  to  wreck  the  schooner  and  disappear,  and  several  reports 
reached  Astoria  in  after  years  to  the  effe.t  that  he  had  been  seen  in  different 
parts  of  the  world.  None  of  these  stories  were  substantiated,  and  the  only 
plausible  theory  is  that  the  vessel  struck  on  the  spit  in  passing  out  and 
frightened  those  aboard  into  leaving  in  a  small  boat,  which  probably  capsized 
in  the  breakers.  The  Cousins  was  a  very  handsome  piece  of  marine  architecture 
and  was  originally  intended  for  a  yacht.  Her  interior  furnishings  were  elegant, 
and   she  was   a   very   fast   sailer.     The  opposition  pilots   replaced  her  with  the 

City  of  Nti/>a,  a  small   centerboard  sloop,  which  was  chartered  in   San   Francisco  by   Dan  Welch   and   George 

W.  Woods  and  operated  for  a  few  months  until  the  State  built  the  pilot  schooner  Governor  Moody.     The  steamer 

Fanny  Lake,  built   at   Seattle   in    1S7.S,   burned    on  the  Skagit   River  while  passing  the  town  of  Sterling   in 

command  of  her  owner,  Capt.  John   Hill,  May    21,  188,^,  and  all  of  the  upper  works  were  destroyed.     She  was 

afterward  reconstructed  and  continued  running  for  ten  years,  going  up  in  smoke  again  in  189,^  in  Sullivan  Slough, 

near  La  Coinier.     This  last  disaster  ended  her  career. 

The  steamer  .linrusta,  constructed  in  1880,  burned  at  Port  Madison,  but  was  afterward  rebuilt.     She  was 

owned  by  Capt.  William  H.  Hamlin,'"  who  placed  his  loss  at  $1,000.     The  bark  Pomarc,  launched  at  Sooke,  B.  C, 

several  years  before,  under  the  name  Robert  Coitan,  was  wrecked  near  Honolulu,  February  iStli.     Another  I'uget 

Sound   bark,   the    Marllux    l\idcout.  Captain    Sears,    from    Tahiti    for 

Honululu,  was  so  .severely  injured   in   a  hurricane  August  12th  that 

she  was  condemned  on  reaching  her  destination.     She  was  owtu-d  by 

Rentoii,   Holmes   &   Co.      The  new   steamship    Queen   of  II:        •ui/n- 

,t;roun(lcd    on    Clatsop   Spit,  September    ^ith,  and   was    compelled    to 

throw   over   .several    hundred  tons  of  cargo.     At  the  following  iiigh 

tide   the   tugs    Pioneer.   /Jren/iani,    Columbia   and  .Isloria,  assisted  by 

the   Ceneral   Miles,  towed   her   off.     The    Oueen   had    the   narrowest 

escape  of  any  vessel  that  ever  grounded  there.     The  tugboats,  after 

considerable  litigation,  were  awarded  565,000  for  their  services.     The 

sleamship  /leaver,  now  nearing  her  fiftieth  birthday,  struck  a  rock  at 

tlie  rntrance   to   Burrard's   Inlet  and  went   to  the  bottom.     She  was 

raised  with  but  little  difliculty  and  continued  in  active  service. 

Two  lodges  of  the  Marine   Kngineers'   Association   came  into 

cxisknce  in  the  Northwest  in   1.S83.     The  first  of  these,  No.  38,  was 

orj^anized  in  .Seattle,  April   18,   1883,  with   a  charter  membership  of 

Iweiity-ime,   with    the    following   officers :    Robert   Moran,   president  ; 

l'"elix    O'Neill,   vice-president  ;    1).   H.  Callahan,  recording  secretary  ; 

\V.    .\.    Berry,    financial    secretary  ;     I'Vank    W.    Bird,    corresponding 

secretary;    M.  Rounds,  treasurer;   A.  Cutler,  chaplaiti  ;   G.  N.  Gilson, 

ilocirkeeper  ;    James    Dunham,    conductor.      Meetings   were    held    in 

lMi,i;ine  House  No.  i   on  Colmnbia  .Street,  and  the  lodge  had  gained  a  membership  of  .seventy-eight,  when    it 

was  disbanded    in    1885   and   reorganized   at   Port  Townsend,   February  7,    1889,  with   the  following  officers: 


A.  J.  FKi.i.dws 


Shiih 
retin 
Mai: 


Ilk- 
Mil. 
Ill  I 


li  lie  iMiiie  ti)  tlic  I'.n'ilio  Coiisl,  arriving  al  San  I'raiicisco  in  i.S.Sd.  .A  ftw  days  lalt'r  lie  was  appointed  first  iillicer  of  llie  lender 
lick,  lioliliiii;  tlial  position  niitil  May,  lSS,i.  when  lie  resigned  and  was  employed  for  a  year  piloting  on  the  Cohimliia  liar.  He 
lied  to  llie  .S'/iii/iiiii'  soon  afler  tliis,  reinainin^r  with  lier  nnlil  she  went  oiil  of  service,  and  was  then  transferred  to  the 
'.iinitii  as  master,  retaining;  eharKe  iinlil  Ihc  new  steamer  Coliimbiiie  was  oonstriicted  for  the  northern  iiKlillKiiise  district, 
nil  Richard.son  and  Chief  HiiHineer  Lord  were  then  ordered  Kasl  to  liring  the  new  vessel  to  the  Tacific  Coast,  and  since  her 
:il  Richardson  has  been  in  coiiiiiian<l. 

"Capt.  William  H.  Ilainliii  was  horn  in  New  York  in  1S2S  and  hcKan  his  niHrine  career  on  I'liKet  Smiinl  in  1.S77,  niiinin^! 
l//'/«/('  .1/(11'  on  Lake  Washiiinlon.  .Miont  i.SSi  lie  remodeled  the  steamer  and  named  her  the  .1  iii;ii s/n ,  operating  her  from  I'ort 
-oil  to  .Seallle  for  aliont  seven  years,  holding  papers  as  hotli  master  anil  engineer.  He  sold  the  .  Iiii;iis/ii  alioiil  i.Si)ii  and  retired 
i.incli  near  Mdiiininls.     Ilefoie  coming  to  the  I'acilic  Const  he  was  engaged  on  tile  Urie  Cannl  for  a  iiniiilicr  of  years. 


li        ? 


'i 


1  i 


i 


1 


1  "t 
*6 


M 


1 


III 


310 


Lewis  4  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortlwest 


Robert  Turner,  president ;  Frank  H.  Newhall,"  vice-president ;  L.  Harloe,  treasurer  and  corresponding  stcn-tary  ; 
Charles  Tinsley,™  financial  secretary;  Fred  H.  Cosper,'"  recording  secretary;  James  Kirtch,  chaplain;  A.  I,. 
Brightman,  doorkeeper.  Meetings  were  held  at  Port  Townsend  until  December,  i88y,  when  the  assdciation 
moved  back  to  Seattle,  where  it  has  since  remained,  gradually  increasing  in  strength  until  1894,  when  it  fitud  up 

handsome  ([uarters  in  the  Sqnire-I.atimer  Building.  The  officers  in  1894 
were:  H.  M.  Thornton,  president;  C.  H.  Conklin,  vice-pre.sident ;  G.  X. 
Oilson,  treasurer;  F.  H.  Newhall,  .secretary;  William  McKin.sey,  con- 
ductor; 11.  A.  Trumbull,  doorkeeper;  membership,  176.  Association 
No.  41  was  organized  at  Portland,  August  4th,  with  the  followini; 
officers:  Frank  McDermott,  president;  A.  H.  Forstner,  vice-president; 
W.  H.  Marshall,  treasurer  ;  J.  \V.  CoUyer,"  recording  secretary  ;  Henry 
Pape,  corresponding  secretary  ;  Louis  Bert,  financial  .secretary  ;  J.  Pal- 
menter,  chaplain  ;  William  Lewis,  doorkeeper.  Other  charter  members 
were  W.  J.  Maher,  J.  J.  McDermott,  Jacob  Multhauf,  Klias  \'ickers, 
Jo.seph  Cunningham,  Albert  Munger,  Charles  Iv.  Gore,  A.  J.  Fellows' 
and  William  Doran.  J.  L.  Ferguson  was  appointed  inspcctc  of  hulls 
at  Portland,  taking  the  place  of  John  P.  Ward,  who  had  held  the  office 
for  the  past  four  years. 

Deaths  in  the  marine  profession  in  188,1  were:  Capt.  Kdwaril 
Harrington,  who  was  sailing  the  schooner  (innvler  on  the  Victoria  route 
twenty-two  years  before,  at  Oak  Harbor,  Whidby  Island,  January  17th; 
William  Owens,  chief  engineer  on  the  tug  Mastiik,  at  Port  Townsend, 
February  24111,  aged  forty-six  years ;  George  Nichols,  formerly  chief 
engineer  on  the  steamers  (iiisslf  '/el/air  and  I.iltlr  Cali/ornia,  at  Portland, 
July  26th,  aged  sixty-five  years  ;  Capt.  William  Bochau,  of  the  \\\g 
Pioncey,  at  Portland,  August  ist,  aged  forty-three  years  ;  Capt.  Thomas  Pritchard,  a  pioneer  a.s.sociate  of  Capt. 
William  Irving  in  British  Columbia  steamboating.  at  \'ictoria.  October  ,vst,  aged  seventy-nine  years;  Capt.  Jolm 
Harlow,  who  was  sailing  in  the  Cohunbia  River  trade  in  is.si,  at  Portland,  November  24th  ;  and  Capt.  Iv  vS. 
Farnsworth,  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  at  ,San  Franci.sco,  September  2y\.  aged  sixty  years. 

The  most  expensive  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  useless  steamers  yet  appearing  in  the  Northwest  were 
added  to  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Companv  s  fleet  in  18S4.  They  were  the  Olympian  and  Alaskan,  a 
pair  of  fine  iron  sidewheelers  built  in  the  East  for  the  Puget  Sound  and  Columbia  River  trade.  They  were 
of  handsome  appearance  and  quite  speedy,  but  the  exjiense  of  operating  them  was  so  enormous  that  tlity 
were  always  elephants  on  the  hands  of  their  owners.  The  Olympian  wva  built  at  Wilmington  in  i.SS,-,  and 
brought  out  from  the  ivast  by  H.  S. 
Ackley,  captain  ;  W.  S.  Thaxter,  first 
officer;   John  Dixon,  second  officer; 


CAl'i.  O.  A.  A.Nl.l:KsoN 


'■  I'raiik  II.  Newhall,  eiiK'"»'er,  was 
liorn  in  Hriilgewatcr,  Mass.,  in  1S61,  and 
was  for  livf  years  enKa>!eil  on  sailing  ves- 
sels on  the  .\llantic  Coast.  In  1SS2  he  came 
to  I'unet  Sound  ami  joined  the  steamer 
Cflilo,  afterward  serving  on  the  steamers 
/■Aliia.  Hi:,  Qiii-fii  ('ily,  Lollir,  .llaskaii. 
Clara  I!i07cii.  IlililwhoJ,  Skai;il  iliii/', 
Yakima,  St.  Patrick.  .Ulti-rl  l.,a.  Otter, 
flfaid  o/'  Orif;a)i,  <,'arlainl,  Katie,  tfolyike, 
Pioiiicr,  Mogiil  anil  Di.untrry.  He  served 
for  a  long  lime  as  .secretary  of  the  Marine 
Hngineers'  Association  of  .Seattle. 

^'Charles  Tinsley.  marine  engineer, 
was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis  ,  in  i.S,S7.  and 
hegan  his  marine  work  on  the  small  slern- 
wheelcr  Maria  ll'itkiiis,  running  out  of 
I'ortland.  He  continued  on  the  Colunihia 
and  Willamelle  rivers  for  several  years 
and  then  went  to  I'nget  Sound,  where  he 
entered  the  tuglioat  service.  At  present 
he  is  chief  engineer  of  the  lug  /'iinieer. 

'"I'red  II.  Cosi>er,  engineer,  of  Port  Townsend.  Wash.,  was  horn  in  California  in  1S59  aiil  conunciiced  his  marine  serv 
the  tug  .Isloria  on  the  Columbia  River  in  1H7S,  going  from  the  Colnmhia  to  I'nget  Sound,  wli  l-  he  was  engaged  on  sevei.i 
known  steamers.     He  has  recently  been  emjiloyed  on  the  d'ailaiid  and  is  at  present  in  the  tngl.cal  service. 

*'J.  W.  Collver.  engineer,  began  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  about  thirty  years  a>;'>  and  has  been  continuously  en 
in  the  business  siiu'e.  His  first  work  was  in  British  Columbia,  where  lie  ran  out  of  Victoria  <'ii  a  number  of  small  slcamei.- 
leaving  there  he  went  to  the  Columbia  and  entered  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Railway  iS:  .Navigation  Company,  where  he  rein 
for  a  great  nianv  vears,  leaving  their  eniplov  to  take  his  inesent  position  as  engineer  on  the  transfer  boat  lamina  at  ICalani.i 
Collyer  is  a  proinlnenl  member  of  the  Marine  ICugiueers'  Association,  No.  .11,  having  liil.l  the  office  of  secretary  for  a  long  1 

'A.J.  l'"ellows,  engineer,  is  a  native  Oregonian  ami  comniem-ed  steamboating  on  Ihc  Willamette  when  a  boy.  He  li.i 
the  position  of  chief  engineer  for  over  fifteen  years  and  has  always  had  success  with  steamers  in  liis  cliarge.  He  was  for  a  Ion 
chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  /.iiitiiit-  ami  while  in  cliarge  gave  her  a  fine  record  fiir  speeil,  .Mr.  lellous  is  at  present  li' 
I'ortland. 


STKAMKk   "ALASKA.N" 


«cll 

,U,.h1 

On 

liiieii 

Mr, 

inc. 

:ilU-<l 

time 

pjiii 


British  Columbia  Transportation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disasters 


317 


STKAMKR   "TKLKI'HONK' 


AikIk'w  Hill,  third  officer  ;  Puxley,  chief  engineer  ;  Kicld,  first  assistant ;  Barnard,  second  assistant ;  and  Marccy, 
third  assistant.  She  arrived  at  San  Francisco,  March  3d,  and  was  sent  to  the  Sound  at  once  and  placed  on  the 
Victoria  and  Taconia  route,  reaching  \'ictoria,  March  25th,  in  charge  of  Thomas  Wilson,  captain  ;  George  Roberts, 
first  officer;  John  Dixon,"  second  officer;  C.  H.  Dawson,  chief  engineer  ;  J.  S.  Kidd,  first  .assistant ;  and  C.  H. 
Wanoii,  purser.  She  ran  on  the  .Sound  until  the  following  year,  was  .sent  to  San  Krancisco  for  an  overhauling, 
and  nil  her  return  commenced  making  a  round  trip  a  day  on  the  Victoria  route.     In  1886  she  was  taken  round  to 

the  Columbia  by  Captain  Ackley, 
and  was  first  used  in  raising  the  ice 
blockade  between  Portland  and  the 
Ca.scades,  crushing  her  way  through 
and  rescuing  the  beleaguered  pa.s.sen- 
gers  at  Honneville.  In  the  sunnner 
of  1886  h.  A.  Bailey,  port  captain  of 
the  Oregon  Railway  ^:  Navigation 
Company,  handled  her  on  the  Ilwaco 
route,  establishing  the  first  through 
service  to  the  .sea.shore.  In  com- 
mand of  Bailey  she  made  the  run 
from  Portland  to  Astoria  in  four 
hours  and  forty-seven  minutes.  She 
was  chartered  in  1887  by  the  Pacific 
Coast  Steamship  Company  and 
placed  in  the  Alaska  trade  in  charge 
of  James  Carroll,  captain  ;  James  B. 
I'atter.son,"  first  officer;  Benjamin  Craig,  .second  officer;  William  Wilson,  third  officer;  John  Melville,  chief 
engineer  ;  P.  H.  Crim,  first  assistant ;  and  W.  \'an  Tassell,  second  a.ssistant.  She  was  pretty  well  shaken  up 
on  this  run,  but  in  October  \i'as  again  on  the  Victoria  route,  with  Capt.  O.  A.  Anderson''  and  I'jigineer  \'an 
Tassell.  For  the  next  three  years  .she  was  in  command  of  Capt.  George  Roberts,  Anderson  taking  her  again 
in  iSi)o,  and  a  year  later  sb.-  was  brought  to  the  Columbia  and  placed  in  the  boneyard,  her  b-^ilers  being 
worthless.  Since  then  she  has  remained  in  idleness.  The  Olympian  is  two  hundred  and  sixty  feet  long, 
forty  feet  beam,  and  twelve  feet  five  inches  hold,  with  a  vertical,  surface-condensing,  walking-beam  engine 
seventy  by  one  hundred  and  forty-four  inches,  and  with  wheels  thirty-two  feet  in  diameter  and  eleven  feet  face. 

The  Olymfiian  s  sister  ship,  the  .Uaskati,  arrived  at  ,San  l-'ran- 
cisco,  March    17,  1884,  and  was  brought  to  the  Columbia  a  short  time  -^  ^t-^     --     -  - 

afterward.  A  collapse  of  the  boom,  which  was  at  its  height  when  the 
two  steamers  were  ordered,  left  them  without  a  profitable  route,  and 
the  .lliid-aii  was  retired  to  the  boneyard  in  an  unfinished  condition. 
When  Captain  Troup  took  charge  he  put  the  Alaskan  in  good  running 
order  and  operated  her  on  the  Ilwaco  route.  Archie  Pease  serving  as 
pilot,  Thomas  Smith,  engineer.  Captain  Scott's  first  Telephone  was 
in  the  height  of  her  glory  at  that  time,  and,  whenever  she  encountered 
tlie  l)ig  sidewheeler,  passengers  were  treated  to  the  finest  steamboat 

"Cn|)l.  John  Dixon  of  I'ort  Madison,  Wash.,  was  born  in  New  York  in 
iS5().  His  lirsl  marine  work  on  coniinji  lo  llie  I'afitk' Coast  was  in  iSSoand  iSSi 
on  llic  slcainships  ( 'ohniihia  anil  li'nllit  ll'iilla,  with  whioli  lie  came  out  from  New 
Vnrk.  rniiniiii;  north  from  S;iii  I-'raiiciseo.  He  left  the  steamship  service  ami 
rnUrcil  the  employ  of  Uie  Oregon  Railway  .S:  Navinalion  Conipanv  on  I'u;;et 
Scianil.  serving  on  the  sleaniers  (>/yiii/ii,ui.  //ai:,iin/,  Civile  /■.'.  S/iiir,  .llastnii. 
r.  J.  /'»//(•/•  and  Xki'I/i  l\i,ilu.  In  iSyii  he  was  Kiveii  cominanil  of  the  Xoith 
/'u,7//r,  and  was  aflcrward  inasler  of  the  in-oiX''  /■■  .W;*/-.  Siiiome.  S/aIr  of 
Wiisliiui^lon  and  luutlhtviii.  Prior  to  his  arriv.il  on  the  Coast,  Caiilain  Dixmi 
was  iiiiplovecl  for  live  years  on  the  Cireat  Lakes  and  for  the  same  length  of  lime 
rainiinn  soiilli  from  New  York.  lie  also  made  several  voyajjes  to  the  West  Indies 
.inil  the  Caribltean  Sea  in  steam  and  sailing  vessels,  and  in  iSS(>  maile  a  trip  from 
S;iii  l''rancisco  to  China  in  the  steamship  Siiii  I'ttblo. 

"Capt.  Jjunes  H.  ralterson  was  horn  in  New  N'ork  in  1S5S  and  he^an  his 
iiiaiiiie  work  on  (he  Pacific  Coast  ahont  Iweiily  year-;  a^o  on  the  steamship 
Otiij/HJ.  After  le.aviiij;  her  he  was  eii^a^etl  on  steamers  rimnin).;  north  from 
I'uncl  Sonnd  and  for  several  years  has  worked  as  jiilot  on  .Alaskan  steamers. 
He  \\.is  for  a  lonj;  time  on  the  steamship  (  ity  0/'  'J\ff>rkti  anil  other  vessels  owned 
I"  ilic  Pacific  Coast  Sleamship  Com]>any,  and  when  llic  A'n.ui/ie  was  placed  on 
the  iiiirtliern  ronte  comm.inded  her  nntil  the  opposition  ceased. 

"Capt.  O.  A.  .\iidcrson  was  horn  in  Norway  in  iS4,v  lieKaii  KoinK  to  sea  when  thirteen  years  of  a^;e.  and  coiit'iined  in 
iU'c|i  water  ships  in  various  parts  of  the  world  iinlil  1SS2,  when  he  arrived  at  Seattle  and  joined  tile  Oregon  Railway  .S;  Navigation 
Company's  steamer  U'liiOiiir.  lie  remained  in  the  service  of  that  coniiiany  for  ten  years,  nearly  all  of  which  were  spent  as  captain. 
iMiriiii,'  that  time  he  served  on  the  steamers  /'iiiiiui  //i; rri 'i»  1/,  Olym/'iaH,  .-Uaskuii,  Xoilli  7'i,i/ii,  IJulio,  T.  J.  r.illei  Selioiiic, 
oVc.  ,■  ll.SUin\  Htusulo  and  t'iiiKiiaii.  He  look  the  ('/i/H/i/.i;/ and  .Ihukaii  to  the  Sonnd  from  Ihe  Columliia  River  and  had 
cliai  c  of  tlieni  most  of  the  time  while  they  were  on  the  Victoria  roule.  In  i.Syi  he  resigned  his  position  to  .snpurinteii'i  the  PiiKCl 
Sound  drydock  at  ynartermasler  Harhor,  where  he  still  remains. 


Cai'i.  Thomas  n.  e».\.Mi 


;  \ 


I 


i'''A 


Vi 


I    1. 


3 '8 


Lewis  cf  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  IVorthwest 


races  ever  witnessed  on  the  Columbia  River.     The  Telephone,  which  was  in  charge  ol"  Capt.  \V.  H.  Whitcoml,  and 

Chief  Engineer  Newton  Scott,  was  too  speedy  for  the  Eastern  production  under  ordinary  circumstances,  hut  Troiiii 

and    Pease   exercised   considerable   ingenuity  in    keeping   the    Telephone  in   shallow  water,  which  rctankd  her 

movements.    The  two  steamers  were  in  pretty  clo.se  quarters  on  more  than  one  occasion,  but,  aside  from  a  cMt 

of  paint  burnt  off  the  smokestack  of  the  Alaskan  on  each  trip,  no  harm  was  done.     In  i8,S,S  the  steamer  wein  to 

the  Sound  and  in  command  of  Captain  Anderson  alternated  vvilli  Die 

,  Olympian  on  the  Victoria  route,  rendering  a  splendid  .service,  wliich 

was  profitable  oidy  to  the  peoi>le.  She  left  the  Sound  for  the  (."(jIimu- 
bia  River,  November  ist,  in  charge  of  Captain  .\nderson  and  Chief 
Ivngineer  Walter  Swain,  and  the  following  May  started  fur  San 
Franci.sco  to  go  in  the  drydock.  She  never  reached  her  destiiiatiim 
but  was  pounded  to  pieces  in  a  terrible  .sea  off  Cape  Hlanco  nearly 
forty  people  losing  their  lives  (.see  wreck  of  Alaskan,  i,S8i|i.  Tlie 
Alaskan  was  two  hundred  and  eighty  feet  long,  seventy-five  feet  beam 
over  all,  with  a  walking-beam  engine  seventy-three  by  one  linndred 
and  forty-four  inches. 

The  steamer  Telephone,  which  vanquished  both  of  her  big  rivals 
from  the  East,  and  which  her  owners  had  always  claimed  was  the 
fastest  sternwheeler  in  the  world,  was  launched  in  Portland,  October 
30,  1884,  but  did  not  make  her  trial  trip  until  the  following  I'ebniary. 
Owing  to  the  remarkable  success  which  Captain  Scott  bad  enjovod  in 
his  previous  steamboat  ventures,  nmcli  was  expected  of  the  Tclcphom. 
and  she  was  not  a  disappointment.  In  one  of  her  first  attempts  at 
.speed  on  the  .\storia  route,  she  made  the  round  trip  in  eleven  honrs 
and  four  minutes.  July  2,  1SS7,  she  made  the  run  from  Portlaiul  tci 
Astoria  in  the  unparalleled  time  of  four  honrs,  thirty-four  and  one- 
half  minutes,  covering  the  last  forty  miles  in  the  teeth  of  a  gale. 
Captain  Scott  remarked,  on  arrival  at  .\storia,  "They  will  luinnner 

away  at  that  record  for  a  long  time  before  they  will  beat  it."     Eight  years  have  elapsed  since  that  time,  and  it  is 

still  unbroken.     Owing  to  her  great  speed  the  steamer  enjoyed  an 

immense  business,  but  unfortunately  came  to  a  sudden  end  November 

20,  1887,  burning  to  the  water's  edge  at  upper  Astoria.     She  caught 

fire  a  short  distance  below  Tongue   Point,  the  blaze  starting  in  the 

oil-room  and  spreading  so  rapidly  that,  although   the  steamer  was 

beached  in  le.ss  than  ten  minutes,  she  was  a  mass  of  flames  from  stem 

to  stern.     One  hundred  and  forty  passengers  and  a  crew  of  thirty-two 

were  on  board,  all  of  whom  were  landed  .safely,  with  the  exception  of 

one  intoxicated  passenger,  who  lost  his  life  by  suffocation.     As  .soon 

as  the  alarm  was  sounded,  Newton  Scott,  the  engineer,  threw   the 

throttle  wide  open,  and  the  steamer  went  on  the  beach  at  a  twenty- 
mile  gait,  striking  some  rolling  pebbles,  which  broke  the  force  of  the 

shock.     Captain  Scott  stayed  at  the  wheel  until  the  steamer  reached 

the  shore,  narrowly  escaping  death,  for  the  flames  had  burned  the 

steps   of  the   pilot-house   from   under  him,  and  he   was  obliged   to 

escape  through  the  window.     The  Astoria  Fire  Department  promptly 

came  to  the  rescue  and  succeeded  in  saving  enough  of  the  hull  to 

warrant  rebuilding  the  steamer,  and  thirty  feet  were  added  to  her 

length  amidships.     The  new   Telephone,  which  aro.se  from  the  ruins 

of  the  old  boat,  commenced  operating  early  in   18S8  and  is  still  in 

.service.     Capt.  Thomas  H.  Crang'"  has  had  command  for  the  past 

six    years,  with  William    Earkins,  pilot.     Joseph    Hayes  was   chief 

engineer  for  several  years  and  was  succeeded  by  C.  W.  Evans.  C.  R. 

Donohue  serving  as  purser  and  Al  McGillis  as  steward.     In  January, 

1892,  while  in  charge  of  Pilot  William  Earkins,  she  struck  the  Government  revetment  at  the  moutli  "f  llie 


CATT.  WlLt.IAM    H.   I.AKKINS 


C.    W,    KVANS 


BiH'i 


'•Capt.  Thomas  H.  Crang  was  t)orii  in  New  York  in  185.S  and  a  few  years  later  removed  witli  liis  |)arents  to  Mielii),' "i  ''"'" 
tliere  lliey  went  to  Illinois,  thence  to  Iowa,  and  in  1875  started  for  Oregon,  arriving  al  .\storia  in  .Seplendier  of  tU.-it  year  Vnuii); 
Crang  had  served  a  few  months  as  a  printer's  devil  in  the  I';.ast,  and,  on  reaching  .\storia,  went  to  work  as  a  conipositi't  on  the 
Ailorian,  He  continned  in  the  printing  hnsiness  nntil  iS.Sn,  when  ill  liealtli  indnced  him  to  try  the  water.  Ilis  lir.sl  slenirlo.itiii); 
was  on  the  old  steamer  Katala  as  a  deckhand.  He  then  went  to  the  steamer  k'.dilh  .as  mate,  ami  eight  months  later  look  o.nmainl, 
continning  in  that  position  four  years.  Leaving  the  Edith  he  ran  as  mate  on  the  i1rd:ciiy  trir  a  short  time,  and,  on  the  ein;i,>lelioii 
of  the  North  I'acific  Mills'  steamer  Fannie,  he  hecame  her  master,  remaining  in  that  position  nntil  iMay,  iS.SS,  when  he  rt~  ned  to 
go  as  pilot  with  Captain  Scott  on  the  new  Telephone,  of  which  a  year  later  he  was  given  the  capliiincy,  which  he  sti  !  liolils 
Captain  Craug  has  been  very  successful  in  his  steamboat  career  and  has  never  had  an  accident  of  any  moment. 


}U:-'^ 


Whitcfimli  and 
ices,  1ml  Troup 
h  retanUd  her 
rle  from  a  coat 
teamer  wunt  to 
iiak'd  with  the 

scrvicf.  wliich 
for  the  Cohim- 
rson  and  Chief 
tarted  fnr  San 
her  destination 

lilanc'o  nearly 
'/.  i.SHo'.  The 
I'-five  feet  heam 
ly  one  hmidred 

if  her  big  rivals 
aimed  was  the 
rtland,  October 
wing  l''el)rnary. 

liad  enjoyed  in 
f  the  Tilfphon, . 
rst  attempts  at 
in  eleven  hours 
mi  Portland  to 
y-four  and  one- 
;eth  of  a  gale. 
y  will  hammer 

time,  and  it  is 


nioutli  'I'  tlie 


Britiah  Columbin  Trans/xirfaiion  Companies,  Unparallekil  Number  nf  Diaaatem 


Wll.I.IA.M    SiMI'SnN 


William  I,k\ms 

JOSKI'H   CoLLVKk 


Cai'T.  C>i:oK(;k  Oork 

STtiAMKK   "  TaCOMA" 

CiiiKi'  Kni-inkkh  Charles  (;okk 


J"1IN    1  AR^KN 


i:i  IAS    \ICKKRS 

Michael  O  Ni;ill 


,^'9 


1    !  I  ■, 


I.     t 
I    i 


I  If 


1    i 


I  J; 


320 


Lewis  (f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Tld    ■■  l-'AVt)KITK' 


Willamette  River,  tearing  a  big  hole  in  the  starboard  bow  and  sinking  until  only  her  liow  remained  out  of  water. 
It  was  at  first  feared  that  she  would  prove  a  total  loss,  but  she  hung  to  the  breakwater  for  about  a  week  and  was 
then  raised.  The  accident  was  caused  by  a  dense  fog,  which  prevented  the  pilot  from  seeing  the  liglit  at  tlie 
mouth  of  the  river.     The  old  Telephone  was  handled  by  Captains  Scott  and  VV'hitcomb,  with  Newton  Sccitt  and 

Joseph  Hayes,  chief  engineers,  and 
C.  R.  Rarnard,  purser. 

The  largest  steamer  set  afloat 
in  the  Northwe.st  in  1883  was  the  l]ig 
railroad  ferry-boat  built  to  transfer 
Northern  Pacific  trains  across  the 
river  at  Kalama,  Wash.  The  steamer 
was  brought  out  from  New  York  l)y 
the  Atnerican  ship  Tillie  /;'.  Stnrbiuk, 
lier  manifest  showing  the  ferry-boat 
to  consist  of  57,159  separate  pieces. 
She  was  put  together  at  Portland  and 
launched  May  17th  by  Smith  Hrotliers 
&  Watson,  and  was  handled  on  her 
trial  trip  by  Capt.  K.  W.  .Spencer. 
She  was  first  christened  the  h'alama 
but  is  now  known  as  the  '/ticoiiia. 
Capt.  George  Gore  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  steamer,  with  Charles 
Gore,  chief  engineer,  and  that  they  are  both  still  holding  those  positions  is  a  high  compliment  to  their  ability  as 

steamboatmen.     Other  menjbers  of  the  crew  for  several  years  past  and  at  the  present  tinie  are  William  Simpson 

and  A.  F.  Hedges,  pilots  ;  John  I<ar.sen ''  and  Thomas  Poppington,  mates  ;  William  Lewis,  Elias  V'ickers,  Joseph 

CoUyer  and  Michael  O'Neill,  engineers.     The  Taeoma's  dimensions  are:  length,  three  hundred  and  thirty-eight 

feet ;  beam,  forty-two  feet ;  depth,  eleven  feet  seven  inches  ;  engines,  thirty-six  by  one  liundred  and  eight  inches. 
The  steamer  IVildicood  was  built  at  Rainier,  Or.,  in  1.S84,  by  the  John.son  Hrothers.     She  was  a  handsome 

little  propeller,  fitted  with  a  Wells  compound  engine  ten  and  twenty  by  twelve  inches.     Captain  Johnson,  her 

builder,  brought  her  to  Portland  for  a  trial  trip,  and  on  his  return  home  that  evening  he  was  mistaken  for  a 

burglar  and  killed.     The  steamer  then  changed  hands  and  was  run  for  a  while  on  the  Sellwood  route.    .She  was 

then   taken   to   Gray's   Harbor  and  the  following  year  was  .sent 

around  to  the  Sound  and  sold  to  Capt.  Thomas  Grant  for  $8,000. 

She  was  hauled  out  and  exten.sively  repaired,  supplied  with  new 

boilers  and  engines,  the  old  ones  being  placed  in  the  steam  schooner 

Leo.     She  started  running  lietween  Olynipia  and  Port  Town.send  in 

July,  and  a  few  days  later  burned  at  Olympia.     .She  was  rebuilt 

and  afterward  passed  into  the  hands  of  Morgan  &  Hastings,  who 

are  still  operating  her.     M.  G.  Morgan '"  had  charge  of  her  on  the 

Columbia,  and    Captains    Thomas    Grant,  John    Jordi.son.  T.  A. 

Jensen  and  L.  H.  Hastings,"  the  .son  of  the  pioneer  of  the  same 

name,  commanded  her  when  she  went  to  the  Sound.     Aside  from 

the  above-mentioned  steamers,  additions  to  the  fleet  on  the  Colmnbia 

River  and  vicinity  were  of  but  small  importance.     At  Portland  the 

propeller  AVrr  York  was  constructed  by  a  man   named  Crosswaite, 

who  .sold  her  to  W.  H.  Foster,  her  new  owner  using  her  as  a  ferry 

between   Portland  and  Albina.      Foster  was  also  interested  in  a 

small  catamaran  steamer  called  the  V'hiiis.  which  he  used  in  the 

same  trade.     The  A/ere  York  was  fifty-two  feet  long  and  nine  feet 

beam,  with  an  eight  by  nine  inch  engine.     The  .steamer  Ilenniiia 


"Jolin  Larsen,  mate  of  the  .steamer  Taioiiia,  was  born  in  Norway  in 
1S57.  After  foliowiiiK  the  sea  in  various  parts  of  tlie  world  he  he>jan  steam- 
boating  oil  the  Willamette  River  in  iH.So  on  the  ('A/«,  remaining  with  her  and 
other  river  steamers  until  about  18S5,  when  he  joined  the  big  ferry-boat  with 
which  he  is  still  connected. 

"M.  G.  Morgan  wa.s  born  in  Hurlington,  Iowa,  in  1.S45,  and  began  his  steamboat  experience  in  the  Northwest  on  the 
Co.-('//7r  as  cabin  boy.  He  at  first  carried  an  engineer's  liceii.se,  but  changed  his  occupation  and  now  holds  his  eleveiitli 
master's  papers.     Captain  Morgan  left  the  water  several  years  ago  anil  is  at  present  conducting  an  employment  agency  in  1 

"Capt.  L.  B.  Hasting.s  of  I'ort  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  born  at  that  place  in  185,^  and  ill  1881  began  steaniboatiii 
yiiginia,  of  which  he  was  lialf  owner.  lie  ran  her  for  three  years  and  then  sold  out  to  Captain  Price  and  built  tin 
Enterprise,  which  he  operated  four  years  and  then  retired  from  {he  water  tu  look  after  his  holdings  ashore.  He  has  sii 
interested  in  the  steamers  //  'ildxvooa,  Angeles  and  Garland,  and  was  one  of  the  principal  owners  of  the  .Straits  .Steamboat  C 


CAIT.    JAMKS    KOllKKISON 


'earner 
i-sue  of 
iiillaml. 
i  nil  the 
.le.imer 

-■  been 
.•iiliaiiy. 


!#:;  ■■ 


•'■&■ 


British  Colli  riuia  Transportation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disasters 


3a  I 


was  ooinpletetl  at  Portland  for  the  city,  to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  dredges.  She  was  a  propeller  ahout 
sixt\  -five  feet  long,  with  engines  fourteen  hy  fourteen  inches.  Her  upper  works  were  burned  off  a  few  years  later, 
ami,  1)11  being  rebuilt,  she  was  christened  /.oiiisc  \'an);/in.  W.  L.  Iliggins  was  her  first  master,  and  (leorge  Kwry, 
\V.  1'.  Dillon  and  others  afterward  commanded  her.     For  the  past  five  years  she  has  been  owned  and  operated  by 

Capt.  1).  W.  Dobbins  on  Shoalwater  Hay.  The  steam  .scow  I'.iirika 
was  l)uilt  at  Astoria  for  H.  \V.  Robson  of  Knappton,  remained  on  the 
Columbia  until  i.SS,S,  and  was  then  .sent  to  Ala.ska.  Another  steam 
scow,  the  Jhiisii,  was  constructed  at  Astoria  for  George  Harmon  and 
Al  Church,  whom  she  carried  out  to  .sea  a  few  years  later,  both  of 
them  nearly  dying  from  starvation  before  they  were  picked  up  by  a 
steamship.  The  /hum  never  came  back.  The  Hissie  was  built  at 
Castle  Rock,  with  a  permit  to  run  from  St.  Helens  to  the  head  of 
navigation  on  the  Willamette  by  way  of  the  slough,  but  not  to  be 
allowed  on  the  Columbia  River.  The  .  hi/ii'r  was  launched  at  Astoria 
for  I,.  O.  Haaven  and  operated  by  (leorge  Morton.  Charles  Woods 
afterward  u.sed  her  as  a  gunboat  during  the  sanguinary  encounters  on 
Miller's  Sands.  The  Minnie  Hill  was  completed  at  Portland  by  H.  F. 
Jones,  H.  T.  Groves  "  taking  command  a  few  years  later,  and  Capt. 
Charles  O.  Hill''  afterward  running  the  steamer  as  a  trader.  The 
lluntirss  was  a  small  trading  boat  built  by  R.  H.  King  in  i,S84,  and 
burned  at  Kalama  the  following  year. 

The   tug  Favorite,  constructed  at  San    I'Vanci.sco  in    1875,  was 
brought   to   Vaciuina   by  J.  J.   Winant    for   the   Oregon    Development 
Company,  Winant  remaining  in  charge  until   I.S,S6,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  James  Robertson,  Iv.  A.  Abbey,  K.  F.  Wilson  and  Freeman 
Dodge.'      At  North   Hend,  Coos  Hay,  the  tug  Xovelly  was  completed   for  M.  P.  Callender  and  A.  M.  Simp.son, 
Capt.  Robert  I.awson  coiiimanding  the  steamer  when  .she  began  running.     Captain  Simpson's  tugboat  fleet  was 
also  reinforced  by  the  new  Astoria,  built  at  North   Hend.     .She  was  one  hundred  and  nine  feet  five  inches  long, 
twenty-three  feet  beam,  twelve  feet  hold,  and  was  engaged  most  of  the  time  on  the  Columbia  and  Shoalwater 
Bay.     Captains  George  C.   Flavel,''  Daniel  J.  Mc\'icar,   H.  A.  Matthews,  Eric  John.son,  and  other  well  known 
luglioatmen,  .served  with  her  as  master,  and  James  Drennon,''  A.  B.  Hughes  and  A.  F.  Goodrich  were  among 
her  engineers.     The  steamer  Rattler  was  built  at  Ainsworth,  Wash.     She  was  .seventy-.six  feet  long,  nineteen  feet 


■'"Capt.  H.  T.  Groves  was  born  in  Iowa  in  1862  and  moved  to  the  Northwcsl  in  1S79. 
His  first  stcainboatinK  was  11s  frcinlit  clerk  on  the  .steamers  (Uizelle  and  />iiyt<m.  He  was 
aftirwiinl  in  the  einpliiy  of  tile  Gei/delic  .Survi y  nnder  Captain  Rockwell  on  the  Willamette 
ami  Colinnhia  rivers  for  three  years.  He  was  next  mate  on  the  steamers  Wotnter  and 
(Wji.M,  enKa>;ed  in  towing.  In  lS,S4  he  w.as  appointed  nnister  of  the  steamer  7oAh  West, 
wliich  ])osition  he  held  for  abont  two  years,  j;oin;;  back  to  the  Orttway  and  IVottder  ill  liis 
old  lierth  nntil  18S7,  when  lie  serveil  in  a  similar  capacity  on  the  North  Pacific  Lumber 
Company's  steamer  /'tinnie,  after  whicli  he  was  captain  of  the  A/innie  Hilt,  Sellieooit, 
Cychnir  and  other  small  steamers.  In  the  summer  of  1SS9  he  ran  as  pilot  on  the  doverii- 
menl  steamer  Casemlfs  for  a  few  months  and  then  took  command  of  the  steamer  Fannie, 
which  he  has  since  handled. 

'Capt.  Chariest).  Hill  was  born  in  New  York  in  I.S55  and  commenceil  his  marine 
service  oil  the  Governor  Xeurtt  in  iSSv  He  jmrchased  tlie  steamer  in  1SS9  from  J.  C. 
Trulliuj^er  and  has  since  served  as  engineer,  his  wife,  Minnie  Mill,  being  in  command. 

'Capt.  I'recman  Dodge  was  born  in  Elaine  in  1852  and  came  t<t  the  Pacific  Coast  ill 
1.S71.  lie  begiin  running  on  the  schooner  liltioiiili  from  '^'aquina  Hay,  was  afterward  on  the 
schooners /(>////  I/iintey  and  Si^ntit,  and  then  went  ti)  Coos  Hay,  where  he  remained  for  a 
year  on  the  steamers  Coos,  Feartes.i  and  J^fe^i.\eni;rr.  He  ran  between  Vacpiiiia  City  and 
Portland  for  two  years  on  the  famous  /\tite  tinit  Anno,  then  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Oregon  Pacific  on  the  tugboats  Farorile  and  A'esotiite  on  Yaipiina  Hay,  and  then  served  on 
llie  route  between  Va(|nina  and  Portland  on  the  steamers  .luxiiila  and  Harrison.  He  was 
.ilso  on  the  steamer  (iarjiclil  al  Tillamook  for  two  years. 

'Capt.  Cieorge  C.  I''lavel  was  born  in  Astoria  in  1855  and  is  a  son  of  the  most  proiii- 
iiient  ni.arine  man  who  ever  operated  in  the  Northwest.  'I'lie  yonng  mall  inherited  a  love 
for  the  water,  and,  while  yet  a  boy,  spent  the  greater  portion  of  his  time  around  his  father's 
lUKlioals,  Desiring  to  see  more  of  the  ocean  than  was  possible  on  a  tugboat  excursion,  he 
shipped  on  a  deep-water  vessel  and  made  an  extended  cruise  to  various  parts  of  the  world. 
On  rilurning  he  took  command  of  a  tugboat  and  for  .several  years  was  at  different  times  in 
clwrge  of  each  of  the  tugs  controlled  by  his  father.  Ill  health  compelled  him  to  retire 
from  the  water  for  several  years,  but  in  18.S9  he  again  took  command  of  the  Columbia  and 
liamlUil  her  for  several  mouths.  Like  his  father  he  has  always  been  thoroughly  conversant 
with  ihf  practical  details  of  the  towage  and  pilotage  business,  which  has  always  been  a  vexed  question  at  the  month  of  the 
Cohuuhia.     Since  the  dcitli  of  his  father  in  1.S93  he  lias  been  engaged  in  looking  after  the  vast  property  interests  of  the  estate 

''James  Drennon  was  born  in  New  York  in  1852,  arrived  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  iS7.t,  and  began  rnniiingout  of  San  I'rancisco 
o«  tlic  steamship  //  'itliani  II.  Taber.  He  was  in  the  j'acific  Mail  .Steamship  Conipaiiy's  employ  for  several  years  on  the  Panama  and 
China  route,  and  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  steamship  Japan  when  .she  burned  150  miles  out  from  Hongkong,  at  which  time  525 
people  lost  their  lives.  One  hundred  and  twenty  were  saved.  Drennon  being  one  of  the  number.  .Subseciuently  he  w us  shipwrecked 
in  tliu  steamship  I'euUna  at  Point  Sur,  south  o(  San  Fr.'incisco.  He  spent  two  years  on  the  .steamship  Orcffonian,  plying  between 
Vokoliama  ami  Chinese  ports.  He  moved  to  .Astoria  about  a  decade  ago,  and  after  running  a  few  years  .as  chief  engineer  on  the 
liar  lilies  he  was  appointei!  to  a  similar  position  on  the  new  Government  tug  (leorge  H.  Afendelt,  where  he  has  since  remained.  As 
a  tlioiough  iiiacbinist  and  practical  engineer  Mr.  Drennon  is  not  excelled  by  any  man  in  the  Northwest. 


JAMKS  t>REN.NON 


u 


w 


i  1 


?'i' 


it 


;;i: 

'■i  : 

\i\-. 

■•ifh 

f:ll*.  .' 

I- 1 


322 


Lewis  tf  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Paoifio  Northwest 


\'} 


6b  i 


six  inches  beam,  and  four  feet  hold.     The  steam  launches  Leo,  owned  by  T.  F.  I.evens  of  the  Cascades,  and 
T.  L.  Nicklin,  owned   by  White  &  Nicklin  of  Portland,  were  l)rought  to  the  Columbia  from  San  Kraiicisco. 
A.  J.  Knott  constructed  the  Sttxik  Street  I'eiry  No.  7,  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long,  forty  feet  beam,  mid  six 
feet  hold.     W.  H.  Robertson  handled  her  a  short  time  and  was  succeeded  by  Henry  \'an  .\uken.''    The  (I'ln  flow 
a  handsome  propeller  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  twenty-six 
feet  beam,  and  .seven   feet  three   inches   hold,  was  launched  at 
Marshfield,  Or.,  for  tlie   coasting   trade.     She   is  still   in   active 
service  and  is  operated  by  (loodall,  Perkins  &  Co.     The  propeller 
Gold  Diisl  was  brought  down  frouj  the  middle  river,  May  25th,  l)y 
Captain  Martineau  and  luigineer  St.  Martin.     Capt.  Cleorge  Adams 
also  came  over  with  the  steamer. 

Additions  to  I'uget  Sound's  steam  fleet  were  not  so  numer- 
ous as  in  i.S,S3,  but  fully  a  dozen  small  steamers  were  launched. 
The  Riisller  was  built  in  Olympia  and  taken  to  Seattle,  where  she 
W..S  equipped  with  machinery  by  Capt.  A.  O.  Henjainin,  who  started 
I'.er  on  the  Roche  Harlwr  and  Victoria  route  in  opposition  to  the 
l.ottic.  Henjamin  afterward  disposed  of  her  to  Morgan  &  Hastings 
of  Port  Townsend,  who  in  turn  sold  her  to  Captain  Maiison  of 
British  Columbia.  She  was  afterward  owned  by  H.  R.  Morse  of 
Vancouver  and  passed  out  of  existence  in  January,  iHyi.  The 
Washington  Mill  Company  constructed  the  steamer  Louise  at 
vSeabeck.  She  was  a  sternwheeler  ninety  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet 
l)eam,  and  was  handled  by  Captain  Parker  and  Engineer  Robert 
Airey.  The  7V(V,  the  finest  and  most  powerful  tugboat  on  Puget 
Sound,  was  launched  at  Port  Ludlow  for  the  Puget  Mill  Company 
and  is  one  huiid''ed  and  forty-one  feet  two  inches  long,  twenty-six 
feet  beam,  and  iwelve  feet  hold,  with  engines  of  .seven  hundred 
horse-power.  Capt.  William  Gove  was  given  command  and  has 
remained  in  charge  continuously  since  her  first  trip,  while  J.  A. 
W.  A.  Cox,  and  other  well  known  engineers,  have  served  on  the  tug 

were  :    the  Utsaladv 


Capt.  H»'Nhv  Van  Aikkn 


Snyder,"'  Harry  Harkins,"  J.  R.  Ludlow, 
Other  steamers  built  on  the  Sound  in  1S.S4 
length  fifty-seven  feet,  beam  fourteen  feet, 
and  depth  four  feet,  at  Utsalady,  Wash.;  the  liiilerpiise.  length 
fifty-two  feet,  beam  thirteen  feet,  depth  four  feet  six  iiiclics,  at 
Port  Townsend;  the  Cascades,  Peaii,  Colby  and  U'atclimakri .  Ai 
.Seattle  ;  the  Maude,  at  Port  Madi.son  ;  Skookiim,  at  Skookiim 
Hay;  An'////,  at  Whatcom  ;  .SV/oo /7r,  at  Port  Ludlow  ;  C'ii/ki.  al 
Tacoma  ;  Sophia ,  at  Lake  Hay  ;  and  S</iiak,  on  Lake  Wnsliiiig- 
ton.  The  steauier  ll'ilduejd,  completed  on  the  Coluiiiliia  tlie 
year  before,  arrived  on  the  Sound  in  November,  coming  from 
Gray's  Harbor,  where  she  had  been  operated  between  Ho(nii>ani 
and  Moiitesano. 

While  the  new  steamer  Olympian  was  giving  a  service 
unequaled  for  speed  and  comfort,  she  encountered  a  rival  wliicli 
made  serious  inroads  on  her  profits.  The  /ili-a  Anderson,  wlmsc 
prestige  was  unaffected  by  her  weight  of  years,  was  runiiinj;  to 
Victoria,  carrying  pas.sengers  for  one  dollar  per  head.  Tlie 
Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  assigned  the  task  of 
removing  her  from  the  route  to  Capt.  George  Roberts, "  with  llic 

'■'CaiJt.  Henry  Van  Ankuii  is  a  native  of  New  York.  His  inarinv  iviirk 
in  tlie  Nortliwesl  has  lieen  confined  exclusively  to  llie  .Stark  Street  lerry, 
where  he  was  in  continuous  service  for  eleven  years,  (hiring  which  lime  he 
rescued  over  a  dozen  persons  from  a  watery  grave.  He  left  the  ser. iie  of 
the  ferry  company  in  1894  and  with  Albert  Munger  purchased  the  st.Miiier 
Cyclone,  which  they  operated  on  the  I„a  Camas  route  until  she  humeri 

"J.  A.  Snyder,  engineer,  was  horn  in  New  York  in  183.^  and  li  1^  liiul 
an  experience  of  thirty-five  years  in  the  marine  business.     He  coiiinu need 
work  in  tlie  Northwest  on  the  steamer  North  Pacific  in  1883  and  has  runilly 
been  engaged  as  chief  engineer  of  the  steam  ferry-boat  City  of  Seattle. 

^' Harry  Harkins  was  born  in  Minnesota  in  i860.  His  first  experience  on  the  water  was  as  i  .ijjineer  on  the  i'/.  Pali:ck'm 
1881.  He  was  afterward  on  the  Western  Slope,  Glide,  Goliah,  Favorite  and  Yakima  as  second  engineer  and  chief.  Ht-  then 
purchased  a  half  ownership  in  the  Rip  Van  Winkle,  with  which  he  ran  as  engineer  for  two  years,  and  also  bought  an  inltust  in 
the  Wildwood,  going  witli  her  in  the  same  capacity  for  two  months.  Both  steamers  were  then  sold,  and  Harkins,  Capi.  Jacob 
Scoland  and  L.  B.  Perry  built  the  Rainier.  Leaving  this  steamer  Harkins  served  as  engineer  of  the  tug  I\fastick  for  a  yeai  ,iiid  a 
half,  and  then  joined  the  tug  Tyee,  with  which  he  has  remained  for  the  past  five  years. 

"Capt.  George  Roberts  arrived  in  Victoria  in  the  fall  of  1871  on  the  bark  Prince  of  Wales,  and  left  the  vessel  to  commence 
what  has  proven  a  highly  successful  career  in  Northwestern  waters.     He  was  first  on  the  steamer  A''o»'M  Pacific  early  in  1S72, 


CATT.   <;i-.OB<iE   KODERl'S 


Bij  .1 


British  Columbia  Transportation  Companies,  Unparalleled  Number  of  Disastnra 


323 


STHA.MKR    "KAlSltOW."    H<}KMKHI.V   "  TkaSKK  " 


(iei"i;c  E.  Starr.  Roberts'  orders  were  to  pay  exclusive  attention  to  the  movements  of  the  Anderson,  to  leave 
port  when  she  left,  '.o  stop  when  she  stopped,  and  to  carry  passengers  at  half  her  rates,  regardless  of  what  those 
rate-  might  be,  respite  this  fierce  opposition  Captain  Wright  was  keeping  a  little  more  than  even,  while  the  big 
company  was  '.osing  thousands  of  dollars  chasing  him,  and  it  is  uncertain  what  the  result  would  have  been  had 
not  Collecto'.  Beecher  ended  the  strife  by  seizing  the  Anderson  on  the  charge  that  she  was  carrying  contraband 
Chiiiameii.     This  action   ruined 

Wnnlit,  and  the  steamer  passed  into  "         '  'FTJ'sr.S^ 

tiie  li.mds  of  the  Washington  Steam- 
boat Com])any.  While  the  Sturr 
and  tlie  Anderson  were  at  war  tlie 
h'oilli  Piuific  and  the  <  Vynipian  were 
.ilteriialing  on  the  X'ictoria  route. 
The  steamer  /o.upliine,  which  ex- 
ploded with  such  disastrous  results 
in  1SS3,  was  reliuilt  and  made  her 
trial  trip  March  24th,  owned  by 
Mor.iii  Hros.,  N.  I,.  Rogers  and 
James  Duncan.  The  Washington 
Slcambnat  Company  had  practical 
control  of  the  Bellingliam  Bay  and 
Skagit  routes,  and  the  Oregon  Rail- 
way &  Navigation  Company  of  the 
Tacimia  and  Seattle  and  the  Tacoma 
and  l)'iympia  routes,  also  running 
llie  Cyf>sy  between  Tacoma  and  New  Westminster  and  the  Idaho  to  Sehome.  The  Nellie  was  in  the  Snohomish 
trade,  the  Evangel  on  the  Island  route,  the  Siieeess,  Captain  Nugent,  running  to  Blakely,  the  Afessenj;er,  Captain 
Parker,  and  the  Zephyr,  Captain  Ballard,  were  operating  I)etween  Seattle  and  Olynipia.  The  Ga:el/e.  Captain 
l)lney,  and  the  Phantom,  Captain  Hennesy,  were  running  wherever  business  offered. 

The  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  encountered  a  spirited  opposition  in  1884,  initiated  by  a  new 
factor  in  the  transportation  business,  the  People's  Steam  Navigation  Company,  incorporated  May  i,  1884,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  divided  into  two  thousand  shares.  The  trustees  were  :  J.  H,  Turner  and  H.  S.  Jones 
of  Victoria,  J.  M.  Brown  and  P.  .Sabiston  of  Nanaimo,  and  S.  Bednall  of  Chemainus.  The  new  company 
purchased  the  old  steamer  Amelia,  built  in  San  Francisco  in  1S63  for  the  vSacramento  River  trade.  She  was  a 
sidewheeler  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  feet  long,  twenty-nine  feet  beam,  and  eight  feet  six  inches  hold,  with 
a  lieam  engine  thirty-six  by  seventy-two  inches.     She  arrived  at  Victoria,  June  3d,  and  ten  days  later  flew  the 

British  flag  after  paying  a  duty  of  ten  per 
cent  on  the  hull  and  twenty-five  per  cent  on 
the  machinery.  She  commenced  operation  on 
the  Victoria  and  Nanaimo  route  with  the 
R.  P.  Rilhet  as  a  competitor,  and  the  fare 
immediately  dropjied  to  twenty-five  cents  for 
the  round  trip.  The  battle  was  waged  with 
occasional  lulls  until  July  i,  1885,  when  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  were 
granted  twenty-five  per  cent  of  the  gross 
receipts  and  withdrew  their  steamers  from 
that  trade.  The  Amelia  was  in  command  of 
Captain  McCuUoch  and  remained  on  the  route 
lor  about  two  years.  In  July,  18.S9.  she  was 
sold  at  auction  to  Capt.  J.  G.  Cox  and  a  year 
later  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Navigation  Company,  with  whom  .she  ended  her  days.  Captain  Cavin  was  her  last  master.  Capt.  William 
Moore,  who  had  been  conquered  but  not  subdued  in  his  former  steauil)oat  ventures,  launched  the  fine  propeller 
'rra.ivT  at  Victoria  in  i,S,S4,  intending  her  for  the  New  Westminster  run,  but  he  became  financially  involved  the 
following  year,  and  the  Teaicr  steamed  away  to  Petropaulovski.     As  the  steamer  was  obliged  to  stop  for  fuel, 

beginning  ou  deck,  and  continued  with  her  and  other  Sound  steamers  until  1875,  when  he  was  for  a  short  time  mate  on  the  propeller 
Cali'  nnia.  After  leaving  this  vessel  he  served  as  mate  and  pilot  on  various  Sound  steamers  until  1883,  when,  in  company  with 
Robiit  Irving,  J.  C.  Cox  and  Thomas  Grant,  he  built  the  steamer  Bob  Irving,  of  which  he  was  master  for  a  short  time,  but  soon  sold 
out  ,inrl  took  command  of  the  George  E.  Starr  in  1884.  He  afterward  had  charge  of  the  North  Pacific  and  the  Olympian,  having 
been  master  of  the  latter  vessel  during  the  last  three  years  she  was  in  service  on  the  Sound.  When  the  Puget  Sound  &  Alaska 
Sieni;>;hip  Company  brought  out  the  splendid  steamer  0'/>' 0/ A'/H^i^o/i,  Captain  Roberts  was  given  command,  and  remained  in 
char;;c  until  1895,  when  he  purchased  the  steamer  Witlapa,  which  he  is  now  operating  between  Puget  Sound  and  Alaska. 


.\Mt-Hic.\N  snti'  '■Til. I. IK  I-;,  siAum't-K" 


Hi 


iiil' 


!  li 


I  if 


i;  1 


\: 


:)24 


lewis  <f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northmst 


CAlT.  John  u'ilHiKN 


Dcpiily  SlicrifT  Cullibert,  wlio  was  sent  to  sci/.c  her,  sm-cceded   in  ovcrlmnlitiK  lier  nt  ToiiBtts,  and  shr  was 

bron^rht  Imck  to  X'ictoria  ami  sold  at  niortKnRec's  sale  Jannary  ii,  1HS6,  to  Ca|)t.  O.  VV.  Cavin  forjfls.Si"     In 

1HS7  she  was  tcnKtht-ncil  twunty-one  feet,  iinil  wlii'ii  shu  anain  L-nlert'd  service  was  christened  the  /uihihi;,-, 

The  Mftmniil,  a  sidewhccler  ninety-three  feel  lon^f,  seventeen   feet  heani,  and  five  and  one-half  feit  IkiIiI, 

was  lannclied  at  Victoria,  May  list,  for  the  Hastin^;s  Sawmill  Company  at  Hnrrard's  Inlet.    The  steamers  l.fiiin,! 

and  Hi/Ill  were  set  afloat  at  New  Westminster  and  used  in  the  towing  service.     At  Revelstoke,  on  the  Colinnliia 

River,  the  /hs/>alcli,  a  small  catamaran  steamer,  was  luiilt  l>y  J.  Fred  Hume  ''  and 

associates  for  service  on  the  upiKT  Colnmhia  and  Arrow  Lakes.     The  Conboo  <niii 

J'ly  was  relieved  of  her  machinery  and  fitted  up  as  a  liar^e,  to  he  used  as  a  tender 

to  .S'/i/v(//'.t  Ark.     The  steamships  rnnning  ic'Kularly  or  making  occasional  trips 

to  Victoria  and   Pu^et  Sound  in   i.s,S4  were  the  A/cxiro.  Captain   HnntiiiKton  ; 

(iivri^r  //'.  A7(/(V,  Captain  Hayward  ;   (?«(r«  c/' ///<■ /'((///V,  Captains  Ingalls  and 

Hunter ;    Santa   Cm::,  Captain   Gage ;    IVilmingloii,  Captain    lil.ackhurn  ;    and 

Empire,  Captain  Hutler,  the  latter  steamer  Koing  on  in  August  in  opposition  to 

the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company,  who  had  previously  adjusted  matters  with 

the  Wilmitifilou.     The  steamer  .SV.  /'</«/,  Captain  l^rskine,  also  called  at  Victoria 

on  her  Alaska  trips  from  San   Francisco.     The  Idnlio  on  the  Alaska  route  was 

replaced  in  July  hy  the  .hiron.  Captain  Carroll.     The  colliers  /ianinn/  Casllc, 

Cajitain   Colvin ;     WcHingtoii,    Captain   Young;    lVil/iniictU\   Captain    Holmes; 

W'dlla  W'al/a,  Captain  Sinnnons  ;  and  I'liuttilla,  Captain  Worth,  were  al.so  in  the 

Nanaimo  and  Seattle  coal  trade.     The  latter  met  with  a  .serious  accident  Fehruary 

(jtli,  striking  on  Flattery  Rocks  near  the  entrance  to  the  straits  during  a  blinding 

snowstorm.     ,She  commenced  to  fill  rapidly,  and  the  cajitain  and  crew  left  her. 

Second  Officer  Greenleaf  got  away  with  the  first  boatload,  and  the  captain  a'      'he 

rest,  with  the  exception  of  I'irst  Officer  O'Rrien  and  sailors    Hanlin   and      lardness,  followed    in    the   seojiul. 

The  three  mentioned  left  on  a  light  raft,  lost  sight  of  the  captain's  boat  before  a  landing  had  been  made,  an(i  tliin 

returned  to  the  ship.     On    boarding    her   they    set    the    head   sails,  getting   her   off  shore,  and  at  7:i>o  i'.  m.  tlie 

steamshij)  ll'e//iii,i;h»i.  for  San   Franci.sco  from  Departure  Day,  lowed 
■ '■•■    -  her  into  ICsiiuinialt  Harbor,  where  .she  .sank  in  deep  water  the  iiixt 

morning.  The  steamer  was  afterward  raised,  found  to  be  compar- 
atively uninjured,  and  is  still  in  .service.  An  investigation  was  lielil 
at  Seattle  by  Inspectors  Morgan  and  Hinckley,  who  exoniratuil 
Capt.  Frank  Worth  from  all  blame,  as  the  testimony  showed  tli;it  ii 
very  strong  northerly  current  prevailed  during  the  thick  weallicr, 
.setting  the  vessel  on  the  rocks  in  spite  of  any  precaution  that  could 
have  been  taken.  The  inspectors'  rei)ort  highly  commended  V'n>l 
Officer  John  O'lirien  for  his  bravery  in  bringing  the  / 'imi/Mi  into 
port.  Whitelaw  raised  the  steamer  with  but  little  difficulty,  but  she 
remained  in  I'^scpiimalt  nearly  a  year  before  the  insurance  was 
adjusted.     Capt.  Frank  Holmes  then  took  her  to  San  Franci.sco. 

The  Oregon  Pacific  Railroad,  which  had  connnenced  oper;itions 
at  Vaquina  Bay,  brought  the  steamship  )'a<iuhitt  CV/)' to  the  Pacific 
Coast  early  in  i8,S4  and  commenced  operating  her  between  S.,n 
Franci.sco  and  the  Oregon  ports  in  connection  with  their  raihoad. 
The  steamer  was  an  old-timer  in  the  gulf  trade  on  the  eastern  coast, 
where  she  ran  under  the  name  Wrs/rni  Vexas.  She  was  wrecked  at 
Vaquina  Bay  in  1,887.  The  most  important  arrival  among  the  sailing 
fleet  in  1.S84  was  the  7'i7//c  E.  Slarbiuk,  the  first  iron  ship  Iniill  in 
America.  The  Starbuck  was  the  first  and  only  sailing  vessel  ion- 
structed  by  John  Roach.  She  is  a  magnificent  craft  of  i,<),ii  tons  net 
register,  carrying  3,000  tons  of  freight,  and  was  intended  especially 

for  the   North    Pacific  trade.      She   arrived   at  Astoria,  January  loth,  with  a  million-dollar  cargo,  incliidins 

twenty-two  locomotives  for  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  immense  Kalania  Ferry.     William  Roger-,  her 

first  master,  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  Eben  Curtis,"'  who  has  since  made  six  voyages  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  une  to 

India,  and  one  to  Japan.     The  Slarbuck  is  a  fast  sailer  and  in  every  way  a  credit  to  the  flag  she  flies.     SIk  was 

the  largest  of  the  Columbia   River  grain  fleet  in   1884,  the  smallest  being  the  British  bark  Osaka,  537  tons. 


CAi'T.  John  Saiiiston,  jk. 


'■'J.  Fred  Hume  of  Nelson,  B.  C,  has  been  interested  in  steamers  on  the  upper  Coluuibia  and  Lakes  for  several  ye.iis.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  owners  of  the  steamer  /)es/>alrli,  and  a  stockholder  in  the  Colnmhia  it  Kootenai  Company  at  the  linn  "Tils 
organization.     He  is  at  present  proprietor  of  the  W.  Hunter,  the  first  steamer  h  dlt  on  Slocan  Lake. 

"Capt.  Kheu  Curtis  was  horu  in  Sea, sport,  Mc  ,  in  1S49,  coniuieiiced  his  marine  career  in  1S55,  and  has  since  sailed  ill  over 
the  world,  having  been  a  master  for  twenty  years.  He  took  command  of  the  Titlic  E.  Slurhuik  in  iS.Sj  and  has  since  rii  i  iiicil 
with  her. 


British  llolumbin  Transport;)! ion  Cnmpnniun,  Unpnr:illr/e<l  Number  of  Disasti'm 


32,S 


Til'  llfct  incliided  forly-lwo  Uritisli  Imrk.s  anil  twenty-three  ships,  fourteen  Ami'ricnn  shipji  unit  lour  Imrks,  (ino 
N'diwcKian  mul  two  (liTnian  barks.  I-'ortysix  of  these  vessels  were  over  \.'«*i  tons  register,  twenty-six  over 
i,..o,  sixteen  over  1,400,  anil  two  over  i.Soo. 

Pngel  Somiil  anil  Hritisli  Colnnibia  marine  commerce  hail  reaeheil  immense  proportions,  and  in  the  fiscal 
ycai  ending  June  ,v>,  1HH4,  eighteen  hundred  mid  si'iy-ninc  vessels,  with  a  total  tonna>;e  of  over  one  million  tons, 
passed  Tatoosh  IjKht.  Included  in  this  luimlier  wire  two  liundred  and  seventy-nine  ships,  six  hundred  and  one 
liaiks,  twenty-three  bri^s,  four  hundred  and  fourteen  schoonirs,  five  hundred  and  forty-four  steamers,  and  ei^ht 
sloiips.  The  fleet  kept  tile  tnjjs  exieedinnly  busy,  and  all  of  the  old  pilots  and  several  new  ones  found 
ciiiployinent.  An,  mg  the  latter  was  Capt.  John  Sabiston,  Jr.,'"  who  received  a  deep-water  pilot's  license  for  the 
Naiiainio  pilotayje  district.  The  .schooner  (iiii,-ni/  /Unuiiiifr  was  ensaKed  for  n  few  months  in  the  local  trade 
litlueen  Astoria  and  Gray's  Harbor  but  was  withdrawn  March  17th  on  account  of  lack  of  business.  Anions  the 
sail uiK  vessels  built  in  1.SS4  were  the  schooner  /,/::/(■  /'liiii,  ninety  tons,  at  Parkersbur^,  Or.,  and  the  /<iiiil\\ 
tHvnty-two  tons,  at  Deception  Pass,  Wash.  The  Cu  ur  d'Alene  Transportation  Company,  orKani/ed  in  i.s.s^, 
completed  their  steamer  Otiii  1/ '. l/fiie,  Iht:  finest  slernwheeler  yet  built  .so  far  inland.  She  was  handled  by 
Captain  Sanborn  and  Kngineer  Henry  Pape,  and  enjoyed  a  highly  lucrative  trade  for  .several  years.  Captain 
Saiiliorn  sold  the  steamer  to  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  a  few  years  ago  replaced  her  with  the 
l,(\ni>ic  Oaki;:,  one  of  the  fastest  sternwheelers  in  the  Northwest.  The  house  and  ui)per  works  of  the  diiii 
(/'.//(//(•  were  used  on  the  f'uXv.v,  and  the  hull  was  converted  into  a  barge.  Captain  Sanborn  commanded  the 
sleainer  nearly  all  the  time  she  was  in  .ser- 
vice, and  Captains  (leorge  Reynolds''  and  „. 
William  Nisbet  were  also  engaged  on  her, 
while  Fred  Hell,  James  Kent,  V.  F.  Wilson 
and  several  others  succeeded  Henry  Pape  as 
iiifiinccr.  Post  Tr.ider  King  at  Fort  Ciuur 
d'Alene  was  the  owner  of  the  steamer  (iciinal 
Slii'niiaii,  l)uilt  by  Captain  Sorenson  for  the 
lake  trade.  The  Slicniian  was  a  small  i)ni- 
pullir,  eiiuipped  with  a  Westingliou.se  engine. 
-ilic  is  still  in  service  on  the  lake,  and  is  at 
'  sent  owned  by  Captain  .Sanborn,  who 
operates  her  as  a  towboat. 

The  year  1S84  was  a  fortunate  one  for 
the  Northwestern  fleet,  and  wrecks  were  few. 
Tlie  only  one  of  much  importance  was  the 
.\iiierican  bark  l.i:~ic  A/uisliall,  4,^4  tons, 
lust  on  Hoiiilla  Point,  Vancouver  Island,  Feb- 
ruary 22d.  The  vessel  was  fourteen  days  out 
fniiii  San  Francisco  when  she  first  sighted 
Cape  Flattery,  but  was  driven  offshore  twice. 
Coming  in  the  third  time  the  cape  was  sighted 
for  a  momeiil,  but  a  fog  set  in  and  the  wind  died  out,  leaving  the  ve.s.sel  without  steerage  way.  No  foghorn  was 
Koiiig  at  Tatoosh,  and  a  heavy  swell  running  off  the  coast,  together  with  the  tide,  .set  the  ves.sel  toward  lionilla 
I'oiiit.     Hoth  anchors  were  dropped  in  twenty  fathoms  of  water  on  the  morning  of  F'ebruary  21st  and  a  boat  with 

"  dipt  John  Siil)istoii,  Jr.,  of  Victoria,  U.  C,  is  iiislinctivuly  a  mariner,  his  fatliur  Ijeiii^  a  veteran  iiaviKator.  He  was  l)nni 
ill  r.ritisli  Colinnl}ia  in  185^^  and  has  l)een  in  the  marine  1)nsiiiess  for  twenty-five  year.s,  having  l)e^nn  in  i>Sf)9  jis  an  apprentice  jjilot 
ciii  vessels  rnnniii).;  l)elween  Nanrinio  anil  San  Traiicisco,  on  which  ronte  he  serveil  for  several  years,  anil  in  1S70  made  a  Irij) 
to  l.imilon.  After  "learning  tile  ropes"  as  a  pilot,  he  was  master  of  the  )f';«(/(/v;,  of  which  he  was  owner,  until  iSS4,  when  he 
recL-iveil  his  first  pilot's  license.  He  has  followeil  this  calling  ever  since  in  what  is  known  as  the  Naiiainio  Pilolaj^e  District.  In 
i'<7;,  when  the  f>>ii;;i,v  .S'.  U'riglil  was  lost,  Captain  Sahiston  was  at  Discovery  l'assa);c,  aliout  one  hnnilreil  miles  from  the  scene 
of  llie  ilis.'ister.  While  there  a  nnmher  of  Inilians  came  np  in  canoes  and  said  that  they  had  just  come  from  the  lost  ship,  and  were 
al  111  si  disposed  to  tell  all  they  knew  ahont  it.  I'nfortnnately  there  was  a  Ilclirew  tr.ader  named  Levy  in  company  with  Captain 
SaliKion,  who  ipiestioneil  the  Indians  so  eagerly  that  they  became  snspicious  before  relatiiif;  anytliint;  of  importance  and  rcfnsed  to 
j^ivi*  any  fnrther  information.  Had  Captain  Sahiston  been  given  an  opportnnity  to  interrogate  the  Indians  cantionsly,  he  nii^lit 
liavi- gained  information  which  wonld  have  been  of  great  valne  in  clearing  up  that  mystery.  When  the  anthorities  arrested  the 
lnili;iiis  they  stnbbornly  refused  to  talk  and  were  finally  released.  Captain  Sabiston  was  on  the  A'<iiiiii/i<s  when  she  j;rounded  on  a 
roi-k  in  I'ortier  Pass,  Alarcii  ,^0,  1S93.  .\  bi^  hole  was  made  in  her  bow.  which  immediately  filled  with  water,  but  no  other  serious 
ilaiuMK'e  resulted,  and  after  a  stay  oi' five  hours  on  the  rock  she  was  Moated  and  ran  into  Ivsiinimali  Harbor  for  repairs.  He  was 
pilnl  on  the  steamer  .S'jM  J/ii/('ij  when  she  was  damaged  by  a  coal-^as  explosion,  October  29,  1S93,  in  Semiahmoo  Hay.  One  man 
Mas  lilown  overboard,  two  wjre  badly  burned,  Init  none  lost.  He  was  also  pilot  on  the  lliiirainuta  jnst  before  she  was  damaged  in  a 
similar  manner  on  .\ugiist  27,  1893.  Hoth  e.xplosions  were  caused  by  takinv;  lighted  candles  into  the  hold.  Aside  from  these  slight 
aciilents,  none  of  the  vessels  in  Captain  Sabiston's  charge  have  ever  been  injured. 

•■'Capt.  George  Reynolds  w.as  born  in  Maine  in  iS53  and  at  the  ajje  of  seventeen  began  sailiiif;  in  the  coasliuf;  trade  between 
Ntv  York  and  southern  ports.  In  1.S73  he  shipped  on  the  bark  (iciirral  />'iit/fi- al  llaltimore  and  came  to  San  l'"rancisco,  goinj; 
from  there  to  I'uget  .Sound  and  back  again  on  the  barkentiue  Ifi-bt'oot.  He  then  went  to  Portland  on  the  schooner  l>iriulihiii!;lit, 
and  'in  arrival  began  steanihoatin^on  the  bonanza  as  deckhand.  He  soon  afterward  commenced  running  as  mate  with  Captain  (lore 
ami  ill  due  se.ison  was  (jiven  command  of  the  steamer  Cliajii/'ion.  He  also  had  charge  of  the  Willamette  River  steamers  Orinit  and 
('iv;7c);/,  leaving  tile  Willamette  about  iS,SS  to  go  to  Cii'ur  d'.Vlene  I,ake,  where  he  has  since  rnti  the  steamers  ('/('«;•  (/',7/i7;c, 
l\''.K'fiiai,  Gi'iiria/  Slieiiiian  ami  SI.  Joe,  still  having  coinmand  of  the  latter. 


Stkamkk  '  CiI  I  k  i>'Ai.i:nk 


•i'v 


'■•- 


'  ■   : 


m 


t     t 


326 


Lewi's  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


m 


four  men  dispatched  to  Neah  Bay  for  assistance.  A  heavy  southwest  gale  started  the  vessel  to  dragging',  ami 
though  the  masts  were  cut  away  they  could  not  save  her.  Hoth  cables  parted,  and  she  struck  broadside  (111  and 
broke  in  pieces  in  a  few  minutes.  The  stern  of  the  bark  from  the  miz/.enmast  aft  held  together  and  was  jaiimied 
between  two  rocks  inside  the  reef,  forming  a  bridge  over  whicli  the  crew  reached  the  rocks  and  from  thtiii  went 
ashore.  A  German  sailor  named  Hibler  lost  his  life  in  attempting  to  save  his  clothes.  Mrs.  Adolpli  licv^man, 
wife  of  the  captain,  was  badly  bruised  by  being  thrown  against  the  rocks,  but  her  injuries  did  not  result  .sericjiisly. 
The  I.izr.ie  Marshall  was  built  on  the  Sacramento  River  in  1S76  and  was  originally  owned  by  Prescott  &  Marshall 
and  Capt.  Henry  Dahler,  who  was  her  first  master.  The  tug  Sol  Thomas,  Capt.  James  Hill,  exploded  her  boiler 
at  Empire  City  while  starting  from  (he  dock  with  a  vessel  in  tow.  All  of  the  crew  with  the  e.xcei)tioii  tif  tlie 
captain  were  instantly  killed.  The  latter  was  blown  aft  and  fell  on  a  coil  of  haw.ser,  e.scaping  without  serious 
injury.  The  bodies  of  George  Wadleigh,  engineer,  Lewis  Depew,  deckhand,  and  Tuff,  fireman,  were  reccvL-red, 
but  no  trace  was  ever  found  of  Graham,  the  mate,  or  the  cook. 

Other  deaths  in  1884  were  Capt.  William  Spring,  a  resident  of  Vancouver  I.'-land  since  1S55.  at  Victori.i, 
March  25th,  aged  fifty-three  years;  Capt.  L.  H.  Drinkwater,  a  well  known  steamship  master  and  mate  in  the 
employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigatio;'  and  Oregon  Steam.ship  companies,  at  San  Francisco,  October  j;,d, 
aged  sixty-three  years:  Hben  White-,  an  old-lime  purser  on  east  coast  steamers,  at  Victoria,  June  i6th,  aged  {m\.\ 
years;  Capt.  Charles  Callahan,  formerly  of  the  ships  Slorm  h'iiii;  and  Chaniier.  washed  from  the  deck  of  the 
steamship  Willamette  on  the  Columbia  River  bar,  December  9th  ;  and  Captain  Nelson  of  the  American  bark  lilln 
S.  Thayer,  drowned  in  the  Willamette  at  Weidler's  ?.ni;.n,  Portland,  September  24th. 


f.   S.   CKl'lSKRS   "  HAI.TI-.lliRK  "    \NI'    "  Cll  ARLK?,  1  (IN    ■    IN    roKTLANK    IlAKllUK 


,A  A 


CHyVPTHR    XVI. 

Ni:\\  Sthamhrs  on  Uritish  Coli-mhia  Lakks  and  Rivkrs — The  "  Kootenai"— Willamettk  Steamhoat 
Company — Sjiai.i,  Steajikrs  on  I'ickt  Sound  and  the  Coi.umhia— Revenue  Cutter  "Richard 
RiSH " — Coi.uMHiA  River  Grain  Fleet — Wreck  oe  the  "  Ahhey  Cowper  "  and  "  Dewa 
Gungadhar  "— The  "Dolphin"  and  "  Rosie  Oi.sen"— The  Orec.on  Development  Company's 
Steamers  "Three  Sisters"  and  "  N.  S.  Bentlev"— The  "Fleetwood"  Goes  to  PuciicT 
Sor.ND— Tic.  "  Moc'.iL  "  —  The  "  Yikon  "  and  Her  Rkmarkahle  Trip  to  Alaska  —  The 
Stkrnwheelhr  "Alaskan"— The  "  Manzanita  "— The  Kootenai  Lake  Steamers  "Spokane" 
and  "  Madi'.e  "—Steamer  "  I, eo  "—Canadian  Pacific  Railway's  First  Tea  Shipment— Great 
I.oss  OE  Life  and  Property  hy  Shipwreck — Steamship  "  Beda  "  F'ounders  —  Mvsteriois 
Disappearance  OK  the  Bark  "Sierra  Nevada" — Wreck  oe  the  "John  Roseneeld,"  "Kitsap," 
"  W.  H.  Besse,"  Steamship  "Barnard  Castle,"  "Sir  Jamsetji:e  Family,"  "  Carmarthan 
Castle,"  "  Ivlla  S.  Thayer,"  '  Lilly  Grace,"  "  Harvey  Mills,"  "  Trcstee  "  and  "  Belvideke  " 
—  Burning  of  Tusi  "Wehfoot." 


lIvA\'V  traffic  on  the  interior  waters  of  the  Northwest  was  a  noticeable  feature  of 
the  advent  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  and,  temporarily,  steamboat  building  on 
the  upper  Columbia  and  lake  regions  of  British  Columbia  experienced  a  boouL  several 
fine  steamers  being  built.  The  best  known  of  these  was  the  k'ook-nai,  launched  at 
Little  Dalles,  April  27,  1885,  for  Henderson  ix.  McCartney,  railroad  ronliurtors,  to  be 
used  in  transporting  supplies  for  their  work.  She  made  her  trial  trip  May  jlh  in 
charge  of  A.  L.  Pingstone,  captain,  John  Chamberlain,  first  officer,  W.  H.  Coates, 
engineer,  L.  Johnson,  second  engineer,  and  L.  H  Burton,  purser.  The  k'ooldiai  was 
one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  l)eani,  and  five  feet  hold,  with  engines 
from  the  Clark's  F'ork  steamer  A'n/ir  llaiUtt,  fourteen  by  .  ixty  inches.  She  was 
operated  by  iier  original  owneri  until  the  road  was  completed,  and  afterward  came  into 

till-  |i()sscrtsion  of  Lhe  Columbia 

^S:  Kootenai  Steam  Navigation 

Ciiinpany,  in  whose  service  she 

Is  still  engaged.    The  steamer 

was  iilaced  under  the  British 

ll.ii;  in   iSSfi,  and    is  at  pres- 

I'lit   commanded   by   William 

N'isbet.'     On   Lake  Kamloops 

a  fine  sternwheeler.  christened 

ill  liuiior  of  that  body  of  water, 

was  built  by  Watson  of  \'ic- 

toii.i  for  J.  A.  Mara  &  Co.  to 

run  between  Van   Horn   and 

I{ai;k-    Pass.       The   h'nmloof>s 

was  (iiie  hundred  and  tweiity- 

sevtM  feet  long,  twenty-eight 

ftit  lieam,  and  eipiipped  with 

inaihiiiery  from    the   steamer 

M}i  I.        She     commenced  Sti-amirs  "Lvtton."    'CmiMniA"  and  "Kivitknai'  at  Rotisom.  n.c, 

'  C:»pl.  WilliiUM  Nislu't  commenced  st(.*:niih():itin^  in  the  Northwest  on  Lake  Cii'nr  il'.XU'ne  ahonl  rSS4.  st'tviiiK  as  inaU*.  pihil 
M\'\  nasU'r  on  several  of  the  lake  steamers.  He  was  for  a  long  lime  on  the  A'liii/i-iiiii  anil  Cuiii  <!' .Ilriii-  anil  left  lhe  lake  lo  lake  a 
posi,  on  wilh  lhe  Colnmliia  >S;  Kootenai  Sleain  iN'avigatioii  Company,  where  he  was  engaged  as  pilot  vvilh  Capl.  John  C  Ciore  on  lhe 
ste, liners  Cohtmhiti  anil  i.ytton,  anil  in  iSys  was  given  conunaiul  of  the  steamer  A'oi'/intii. 


.  mi 


ilii 


I?     1 


n 


328 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


running  in  April.  In  November  Mara's  fleet  was  increased  by  the  sternwheeler  Peerless,  one  liundnd  and 
thirty-one  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  six  inches  hold.  T\\e  Skii'sy,  the  second  stear.iLr  of 
that  name,  was  built  on  Lake  Kamloops  in  1885  by  J.  F.  T.  Mitchell,  who  completed  her  in  forty-four  days. 
She  was  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  four  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  fourleen 
by  fifty-four  inches.     The  Lady  Dufferin,  a  small  sidewheeler,  also  appeared  on  the  lake.     The  propeller  Hahv 

was  built  at  Victoria  for  K.  J.  I'idcock  of  Comox.  She  was  stvciity- 
five  feet  long,  fourteen  feet  six  inches  beam,  and  was  first  in  coiuniaiicl 
of  Capt.  John  W.  Glaholra.'  The  People's  Navigation  line  aftirward 
chartered  her  for  the  east  coast  route,  and  in  1S86  she  was  punliascd 
by  Croft  &  Angus  of  Chemainus. 

Two  vigorous  steamboat  wars,  which  had  been  prolonged  for 
.several  months,  came  to  an  end  in  1885.  The  Canadian  Pacific  Nav- 
igation Company  witlidrew  from  the  east  coast  route  in  consideration 
of  twenty-five  per  cent  of  the  gro.ss  receipts  from  the  business  handled 
by  the  People's  Navigation  line.  The  liliza  .hidtisoii,  wliieli  had 
withstood  all  efforts  to  remove  her  from  the  route,  was  seized  by 
Collector  Beecher  of  Port  Town.send,  charged  with  carrying  contra- 
band Chinamen.  Wright  was  ruined  and  the  opposition  ended,  Init 
the  cliarge  was  never  proven.  In  May  the  Xoil/i  /\ui/'ii-  broke  lier 
walking-beam  and  cylinder  and  was  otherwise  damaged  to  the  e.xteiit 
_  of  about  jS^o.odo.  and  the  Olympian,  which  had  retiirnt.'d    from  ,San 

'  Franei.sco,  at  once  commenced  making  a  daily  round  trip  1)et\veen 
Victoria  and  Tacoma.  In  September  the  Cariboo  and  I'ly,  after  a  few 
months'  service  as  a  barge,  was  again  converted  into  a  steamer,  Tlie 
Maude  was  also  refitted  with  machinery,  making  her  trial  trip  .Sep- 

■^  tember  28th.     Puget  Sound's  steamer  J'/iaiitoin,  after  several  years' 

1^  .service  on   those  waters,  assumed    the  Hritisb  colors  in    i.s.Ss.     The 

Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Comiiany's  steamers  l\itUrhrisi  and 
A'.  /'.  Rilliet,  on  the  Victoria  and  New  Westminster  route,  colhded, 

July  28th,  off  Ten  Mile  Point,  and  the  linlerprise  was  so  badly  injured 

that   the   hull    was   .stripped  and  abandoned.      She  was    in  charge  of 

Captain  Rudlin  and  Engineer  Maclver,  and  the  Rilliet  was  commanded 

by  Captain  Insley  and  Engineer  David  Kennedy.     The  Rilliet  struck 

the  linlerprise  on  the  port  bow  and  cut  through  her  side  almost  to  the 

wheel-house.     Captain  Insley's  license  was  suspended  becau.se  he  had 

allowed  a  greenhand  in  the  pilot-house. 

Business  on  the  various  Puget  .Sound  routes  in  1885  was  handled 

by  the  following  steamers:  On  the  Victoria  route — Olympian  and  A'ortli 

Pacifie,  CaiHain  Wilson  ;    liliza  Anderson.  Captain  Wright  ;   (ieoixe  li. 

Starr,   Captain    Roberts.      Whatcom    route — \V.   /•'.  Munroe,    Captain 

Brownfield ;    lVasliini;lon,  Capt.  Sam   Jack.son  ;  Idaho,   Captain  Green. 

Olympia  route  —  (('.  K.  Meruin,  Captain  Munroe  ;  Messen^^er,  Captain 

Parker;     W'ildnood,  Captain  Jordi.son.      Snohomish    route — Josephine. 

Capt.  N.  L.  Rogers;  Nellie,  Capt.  Charles  I,ow.     Skagit  River  route — 

('ity  of  Oiiiney,  Captain  Denny;    Glide.  Captain  Gove.     The  .Sneeess, 

Captain  Nugent,  was  running  between  Seattle  and  Port  Hlakely  ;    the 

Lone  Fisherman,  Captain  Willey,  on  Hood's  Canal  ;  the  Zephyr,  Captain 

Wood, 'and  limma  Ifay.eard,  Captain  Ball,  between  Seattle  and  Tacoma  : 

the  Helen,  Capt.  W.  H.  Ellis,  to  Port  Orchard  ;   the  Phantom,  Captain 

Hennessey,  and  the  /.  /?.  I.ibby,  Capt.  W.  F.  Munroe,  to  Seabeck  and 

Port  Gamble.     The  lii-ani^el  was  on  the  island  route  in  command  of 

H.  F.  Beecher,  who,  when  he  was  appointed  collector  of  customs,  was 

succeeded   by  Harry  Lott.     Beecher  turned   his  mail    contract  over  to  A.  O.  Benjamin  of  the  steamer  A'  '>//,;, 

The  small   steamer  Pearl,  built   by  J,  Theo.  Lohr,  was  .sold   by  the  United  States  marshal    to  .\.  J,  Eduirds, 


I'T.  Ai.kxamu:k  Woor' 


-Capt.  John  \V.  Olaholm  of  Namiimo,  H.  C,  was  born  in  KnKland  in  1853  and  went  to  sea  ai  tlie  an''  of  sixlecMi.     II: 
vessel  was  llie  hrij^  Edith  Mary.     On  arrival  in  llie  Northwest  Ins  initial  work  was  on  the  ste.'itner  .■tme/iii.  running  Itelwcen  N' 
and  Nanainio.     He  was  afterward  master  of  the  steamers  I'nneess  l.nHi.^e  and  .Sit  Joote-i  lh<iti:/ii^.  \)\ln[  on  the  /sliindir,   i 
and  Chiirnter,  and  is  now  a  re^jnlarly  lieensed  pilot  of  deep-water  vessels  in  the  Nanaimo  ilislriet, 

'Capt,  Alexander  Wood,  a  native  ofOlynipia,  Wash.,  has  been  steandmalinn  on  Ihc  .Sonnd  for  twenty  years,  connnen- 
I S75  on  the  steamer  .lutiir  .S'/crci///,  rnnnin^  between   Port  Townsend  and  Olympia.     He  was  afterward  en>;a^ed  on  the  •' 
/f^/i/m.  KoinK  from  her  to  the  Afessenger.     Since  that  time  he  has  had  charge  of  a  lar^e  nnnd)er  of  well  known  steamer-. 
inland  sea. 


first 
ioria 
itttff 


lllRT 

tlie 


New  Steamers  on  Interior  Waters,  Tremendous  Losses  by  Marine  Disasters 


Cait.   W.    11.   I'OI'K 


The  marshSl  also  disposed  of  the  schooner  Carrie  fl.  Lake  to  F.  M.  Wald  for  5i,ioo,  and  she  was  afterward 
purchased  by  the  Portland  Deep-sea  Fishing  Company.  The  steamer  Kmma  I/i(»ie,  constructed  at  Astoria, 
was  bought  by  J.  McKenna,  Charles  Mott  and  others  for  a  tender  to  the  whaling  fleet,  and  was  renamed 
the  Alliance,  February  12th. 

Ocean  steamships  plying  north  were  the  same  as  in  18X4.  Tlie  Wilmiiii^ton,  which  Frank  Harnard  had 
liecii  operating  as  an  opposition  steamer,  was  withdrawn  in  August.  The  Queen,  Captain  Alexander  ;  Mexico, 
Captain  Huntington  ;  George  W.  Elder,  Captain  Ackley  ;  Idalio  and  Ancon,  Captain  Carroll  ;  l-.mf>irc,  Cajjtain 
Butltr  :  and  . //  A7,  Captain  Gage,  were  all  on  the  routes  north  of  the  Columbia  River.     Duiismnir  was  al.so 

operating  the  colliers  Wellington,  Captain  Young,  and  liarnard  Caslle,  Captain 
Smith.  The  Sardonyx,  Captain  Bnckuian,  returned  from  Hongkong  in  May  and 
made  a  few  trips  in  the  northern  trade.  The  tramp  steamer  F.iiphrales,  Captain 
Mitchell,  arrived  at  Burrard's  Inlet  in  March  with  a  cargo  of  rails.     The  I'malilla, 

4  after  lying  in  Fsquimalt  for  a  year  awaiting  a  settlement  with   the    insurance 

companies,  was  taken  to  San  Francisco  in  the   fall   by  Captain  Holmes.      The 
steamship  Arago,  a  handsome  little  propeller,  was  launched   in    March  at  the 
Union  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco,  for  the  Coos  Hay  coal  trade.     She  was  two 
hundred  and  .seven  feet  long,  thirty  feet  beam,  si.xteen  feet  hold,  with  engines 
twenty-two  and  forty-four  by  thirty-four  inclus. 
The  Willamette  Steamboat  Company  was  incorporated  at   Portland,  May 
14,  1.SH5,  by  S.  G.  Reed,  H.  W'.  Winch  and  W.  H.  Pope,  and  built  the  steamer 
Multnomah  for  the  Oregon  City  route.     She  was  one  hundred  and  forty-three  feet 
long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  three  inches  hold,  with  engines  sixteen 
by  seventy-two  inches.     On  her  trial  trip  she  made  the  run  from   Portland  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Willamette  River  in  forty-four  minutes.     The  Miiltnonnili  ran  on 
the  Oregon  City  route  a  short  time  in  charge  of  Capt.  W.  H.   Pope,'  and  was 
then  placed  on   the   run   to  the  Cascades  in  command  of  Capt.   .\rcbie  Pease. 
I'ope  and  Winch  operated  the  steamer  until  18S7,  when  she  was  chartered  by  the  Oregon  Railway  i\:  Navigation 
Comiiany  and  in   i8Sy  sold  to  parties  at  Olympia.     She  was  taken  round  in  .\ugusl  by  Capt,  W.  P.  Wliitcoud). 
James  Staidey,  her  first  engineer,  going  with  her  and  still  remaining 
in  charge.     John  Davidson  •'■  was  also  engineer  on  the  steamer  for  a 
short  time  after  she  left  the  Columbia.    Since  reaching  the  vSonnd  she 
has  been  in  constant  service,  running  most  of  the  time  on  the  Seattle 
and  Olympia  route.     The  Multnomah  was  one  of  the  most  economical 
steamers  for  her  si/e  that  had  yet  been  built,  and  when  new  was  very 
fast,  van(|uishing  nearly  everything  of  her  class  on  the  ri\er.     The 
steam  ferry-boat  liliza  /.add  was  sold  to  Capt.  Thomas  Callahan  and 
Michael  O'Xeil.      Her  new  owners  rebuilt  her  as  a  stern  wheel  .scow 
and  under  the  name  J/argey  operated  her  in  the  freighting  business 
inilil  1890,  wdien  she  was  bought  by  Hall  i!t  Myrick  of  Seattle,  who 
in  turn  disposed  of  her  to  Stetson  iS:  Post,     She  is  still  in  .service  on 
tlie  Sound  and  is  owned  by  .\.  O.  Pcnjaniin  of  Seattle. 

The  propeller  fleet  on  the  Willamette  was  increased  by  the 
/.  A'.  .Slefthens,  built  for  the  Stark  Street  I'erry  Company  and  handled 
l)y  \V.  H.  Rol>ertson  ;  the  .  Il/'any.  constructed  at  Portland  for  Charles 
Mi)nlieth,  with  (V'orge  I'lwry,  master  ;   the  /ndustiv  at  blast   Portland 

'C.ipl.  W.  II.  I'ope  was  liorn  in  Ni-w  Viirk  City  in  1S40  and  arrivnl  al 
ilre:4(ni  City  with  liis  parcius  on  llif  bark  CkIiiiiii  in  [.S51.  Ilis  lin)tlier,  Capt. 
Cliarlts  W.  I'oiio.  w.'is  !i  well  known  steanihoatnian  in  early  ilays.  Ca])tain  Tojiu 
viiiianeil  in  mercantile  pnrsnits  al  Orej^on  Cit\'  for  several  years  anil  on  llie 
urnaniz.ilion  of  tlie  Willamette  Sleainhoat  Com]iany  commenceil  rnnniiiH  on 
tlu-ir  steamers.  When  the  comjiany  relireil  from  business  Captain  Pope  entered 
the  employ  of  tlur  Oregon  Railwav  iS;  Navi^jation  Comi)any  jind  commamled 
-evi  lal  of  their  steamers  between  I'lirlland  and  .Astoria  nntil  i.Siji.  when  he  was 
ajipt, lined  branch  i>ilot  for  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  rivers,  where  he  has  since  been  enj.;a;;ed  in  li.iniUin^  ilee]i-\v.'iter  vessels. 

*Jolin  Davidson,  enyineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in  i.s^j  .and  ctnnmenceil  his  m.irine  career  at  the  a;;e  of  se\'i*nlcen  on  the 
N'l.c'.na  River  steamer  //«(//«(■.  He  then  entered  the  naval  service  as  machinist  on  the  t'niled  Slates  steamship  //<////!»/</.  and 
"11  this  vessel  and  her  comjiaiiion  ships,  the  /;'.(.«  i',  .llcii  and  Jiiiiiitla.  he  remaiiieil  four  years,  Iraversin;;  a  distance  of  ijh.ss  I 
mill'.  He  was  on  the  I'ssex  al  the  time  she  was  sent  to  the  .Marshall  Islands  to  rescue  the  crew  of  llie  siii|> /\'(;(/"Vr,  of  which 
Ci) 'liii  Humphrev.  at  present  a  well  known  Pacific  Co.ast  inarine  man.  was  an  olVicer.  .\ller  leaving  the  iiav>.  Mr.  D.ividsoii 
niDnied  to  New  York,  but  c.iiiie  back  to  the  Coast  in  1.SS7  and  joined  the  I'nited  .Slates  steamer  .  If/>.i/):i<s,  willi  which  he  went  to 
Hei  mi; , Sea  on  a  scientific  cruise  in  the  interest  of  the  I'Mslieries  I  lepartnienl.  .After  leaving  the  . ///'(///vw  he  joiiUMl  ihe  steamer 
''/  ■  I'  on  Pnv;et  Sonnd,  reinaininj;  with  her  for  eighteen  moiilhs  and  then  K'>inK  to  the  steam  schomier  l','iii/  .  htiiii.  lie  was  also 
on  ''le  Mtiltttotnah  on  the  Seattle  .nid  Olympia  run  for  a  short  time  and  then  went  to  Portland,  where  he  serveil  as  chief  engineer 
ill  ''.I-  employ  of  the  Ilowers  DrcdKinj;  Company  for  a  year.  He  has  ,ilso  owneil  and  operated  a  small  steamer  al  Catalina  Island. 
.Al  ptcsenl  he  <iwns  several  valnalile  patents  in  connection  with  dred^inj.;  maeliiiiery,  and  is  the  inveiilor  of  the  I>a\  idsoii  Steam 
I'm  i|i,  from  which  he  receives  a  good  royally,  his  oilier  patents  also  proving  reiininerative.  When  not  at  sea  Mr.  Daviilson  resiiles 
ill  ^  ni  I'rancisco. 


Joli.s    Il.\\ll>^ 


ii: 


i  i 


1 1   ' 


33° 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  l\lortfiwest 


;  (I 


i'i 


Ik 


for  Capt.  Andrew  Dempsey  ;  the  U/ir/c  Richard  at  Portland  for  Floyd  &  Brown,  M.  A.  Ilackett,  master;  the 
Rowoia  for  W.  B.  Hampson  ;  the  Polaris  {m  F.  W.  Molson  ;  the  Marion  for  Kugene  Taggert  ;  and  the  '/i'/>>i  at 
Corvallis  for  Kemp  Bros.  &  Wheeler,  Robert  Copely,  master.  At  Astoria  William  Rehfield  completed  the  stiiuiier 
fiiiprovemenl,  afterward  owned  by  John  Pickernell,  Max  Skibbe  and  others.  The  steam  lannch  /Vim rod  was  Imill 
at  Marshfield  by  H.  R.  Reed,  and  the  /■:.  7".  /ia/tii  at  vSouth  Bend.  On 
the  Sound  the  steamers  /uoiiomy  and  Eslclla  were  built  at  Tacoraa, 
Capt.  J.  A.  Williams '  owning  and  operating  the  latter  ves.sel.  The 
revenue  cutter  Ricliard  Riisli,  the  second  to  bear  this  name,  was  con- 
structed by  Hall  Brothers  and  launched  August  22A.  Her  dimensions 
are  :  length,  one  hundred  and  sixty-one  feet  ;  beam,  twenty-five  feet  ; 
depth  of  hold,  fourteen  feet.  The  schooner  (.iiin.  one  hundred  and  six 
feet  long,  three  feet  beam,  and  .seven  feet  hold,  was  set  afloat  at 
Parkersburg,  and  H.  R.  Reed  launched  the  schooners  (//<■«,  /\ikola 
and  VikiitiT  aX.  Marshfield.  William  Cro.sswaite,  who  had  built  the 
Ne7v  )  ('/'/'the  previous  year,  completed  the  propeller  Mitliii;aii  at  Port- 
land. She  was  sixty-two  feet  long,  thirteen  feet  eight  inches  beam. 
six  feet  five  inches  hold.  The  steamer  Ma  was  launched  at  Skookuni 
and  the  propeller  Seal  at  Sitka,  Alaska.  The  steam  .schooner  nolpliiii 
was  constructed  at  Victoria  by  J.  D.  Warren,  who  .sent  her  on  a  seal- 
ing expedition  to  Bering  Sea,  where  she  was  one  of  the  first  Canadian 
sealers  .seized  by  the  United  States  Government.  William  Beynon  had 
charge  of  her  for  a  short  time,  with  William  Warren,"  engineer.  After 
her  seizure  she  was  condenuied  and  sold  to  Capt.  William  Olsen,  who 
rechristened  her  the  l.oiiii  Olscii  and  operated  her  as  a  sealer.  She 
was  also  used  for  a  short  time  as  a  pilot  .schooner  by  the  opposition 
pilots  off  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  Further  mention  of  the  craft 
will  be  found  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  the  sealing  business.  The 
total  number  of  steamers  in  the  Victoria  district  in  1885  was  sixty-two, 
with  a  gross  tonnage  of  12,338.  Six  new  ones  were  added  to  the  fleet  this  year,  and  four  were  condemned.  The 
steamer  Pilot  was  l)ought  from  the  British  Columbia  Towing  Company  by  R.  Dunsmuir  for  $35,000.     Caviii  and 

Urquhart  were  her  first  captains  under  the  new  ownership,  and  liuller ' 
Bendrodt"  and  Cliristiansen  also  .served  as  masters.  The  I)ark  Isabc! 
arrived  at  Tacoma,  August  i6th,  with  1,9118,77;,  pounds  of  tea,  llic  first 
cargo  of  this  nature  to  arrive  on  the  vSonnd.     Capt.  Henry  Morg;iii  was 

O  succeeded  as  inspector  of  hulls  in  the  Puget  Sound  district  h\  Capt. 
W.  J.  Bryant.* 
The  entrance  to  the  Columbia  River  since  the  days  of  Capt.  Kcihurl 
_          _  I  Gray  and  his  ship  Columbia  had  always  caused  more  or  less  trouble  for 


Cat't.  Jami:s  E.  nt'TLl-:!* 


'  Ca])l.  J.  \.  Williams  of  Si.'IIUlt,  Wash.,  w.is  born  in  Illinois  in  rS54  aii'l  l),is 
been  engaged  in  the  uiarinL'  business  for  abinil  ten  years,  llis  first  venlnre  in  llic 
Nortliwesl  was  the  yacht  ( 'nhn.  built  at  Tort  Townseml.  .\fter  rnnninj;  her  a  year 
he  coustrucled  the  steamer  hlstillo  for  the  Tacoma  anil  Ilenilcrson  Hay  roulr.  mv\ 
was  next  on  the  .Ut'sstniit'r  iis  master  and  pilot,  bolilin^  .1  similar  jiosition  on  llit- 
(Jfiirks/r/>.  Ho  aflerwanl  assisted  in  the  construction  of  the  steamer  />t's  M'intt\ 
which  he  commanded  for  two  years,  retiring  from  the  water  in  1890. 

'William  Warren,  engineer,  of  I.angley,  I!.  C  ,  a  son  of  Ca])l.  J.  Ii.  W.imii, 
was  born  in  \'ictoria  in  1.S6S.  His  first  marine  exjierience  \\as  on  the  steam  '.i-ii'tonci 
(•'rtur  as  tireman  for  eighteen  months.  He  workeil  in  Ciowaii's  machine  shop  lur  a 
short  time  and  then  as  engineer  of  the  steam  schooners  '/'/li'in/ini^  ^ /;(/(>•  and  /A  "'/>/////, 
He  was  snbseipiently  mate  on  the  scaling  schooner  Miiiy  'I'tiylor,  and  has  since  scryii! 
as  engineer  on  the  steamers  Joi'  .h/iniis,  II 'i  11  i /'in/.  /■'Iniriur  ami  (  hii'/'liiiii.  reniaia- 
ing  with  the  latter  ve.ssel  since  August,  iSg^.  Since  commencing  work  as  eiii;iiiei'i 
Mr.  Warren  shipped  as  seal  hnnter  on  the  schooner  liiitfi prise  for  one  season. 

'Capt.  J.inies  K.  Ilutler  was  born  in  Yarmouth,  Nova  .Scolin,  in  i.Shi,  ami 
began  his  marine  career  in  the  employ  of  W.  1).  I.ovitt,  sailing  out  of  his  native  oily 
to  luiropean  and  American  ports,  ile  came  to  the  I'aoilic  Coast  as  mate  ol  tlie 
slii])  .ln/wei[>,  and  a  very  short  time  after  his  arrival  was  m.ide  cajitain  of  ilie  liii; 
/';/»/.  I^eaving  the  I'i/i)/  he  look  charge  of  the  fsoli,-/,  and  afterward  of  the  \>\v.  tiiK 
.l/i:viiniler,  which  he  ran  until  the  Dunsninirs  built  the  hanilsome  steainc  1  /m", 
when  he  took  command  and  ran  her  snocesslully  until  December,  i.Sy4,  wlun  lie 
received  an  apiioinlnient  as  regular  pilot  of  deeji-water  vessels  in  the  X'ictoria  district. 

■'Capt.  J.  1'.  Ilendrodt  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1X59  and  has  followed  the  water  since  boyhood.  He  began  his  career  in  the 
Northwest  as  mate  on  the  old  schooner  /\',ili\  trailing  between  Victoria  and  h'ort  .Simpson.  In  1S79  be  made  a  trip  to  .-Vnsli  ilia  as 
second  mate  on  the  brig  lli>:aiil.  Relnrning  to  Victoria  he  entered  the  employ  ol'  the  Ilndson's  Hay  Company  as  male  mi  llie 
steamers  ( VA  ;  and  I'ritiirss  l.oiinr.  He  remained  there  four  years  and  in  1S.S5  shipped  in  the  same  capacity  011  the  tug  .  /A 
owned  by  the  Dnnsmuirs.  In  iS.S;  he  was  given  command  of  the  ve.ssel,  and  contiiined  in  that  employ  until  November,  iS., 
be  was  appointed  pilot  for  the  Nanaimo  district. 

Capt.  W.  J.  Bryant  was  born  .at  sea  between  Liverpool  and  New  Orleans  in  i.S|2.  .\t  the  age  of  eight  iiis  name  appi 
a  ship's  articles  at  twenty-live  cents  a  month.  When  twelve  years  old  he  shipped  on  the  bark  /'Jsiiioie,  and  at  eighteen 
ni.ite  of  tile  ship  .hiierimn  IJninii,  carrying  materials  for  constructing  the  Suez  Canal,     He  received  his  first  oomniand,  1' •  lirig 


CAI'T.   J.    P.    HKNnHOl.T 


i/l/lT, 

uheii 


,aim 
,■  was 


New  Stenmers  on  Interior  Waters,   Tremendous  Losses  by  Marine  Disasters 


331 


COI.rMIlIA    RIVFR   Jl'TTY 


ves-.t.ls  crossing  in  or  out.  The  immense  volume  of  water  flowing  seaward  spread  over  the  sands  between  Cape 
Disappointment  and  Point  Adams  to  a  width  of  six  miles,  forming  from  one  to  four  separate  and  distinct  channels, 
in  none  of  which  was  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  for  the  larger  class  of  vessels  built  for  the  modern  carrying  trade. 
As  tlie  commerce  of  Oregon  and  Washington  increased,  the  Government  was  induced  to  take  some  action  toward 
concentrating  the  water  into  a  single  channel.  To  accomplish  this  the  engineers  proposed  to  build  a  jetty  from 
Fori  Stevens  extending  in  a  westerly  direction  out  across  Clatsop  Spit.  The  first  appropriation  of  $100,000  for 
this  work  was  made  in  the 
River  and  Harbor  Hill  of 
July,  i'S84.  Active  work 
was  commenced  in  April, 
18S.S,  and  continued  until 
October,  over  a  thousand 
leet  of  the  jetty  being  com- 
pleted. When  the  first 
appropriation  was  expended, 
work  was  abandoned  until 
September,  i.ScS6,  when  a  .sec- 
ond sum  of  $187,500  was 
allowed.  There  were  no 
further  appropriations  until 
Augu.st,  188S,  and,  as  tho.se 
previously  made  were  com- 
paratively small  considering 
the  magnitude  of  the  work, 
the  progress  was  necessarily 
slow.  It  had,  however,] 
reached  a  point  where   the 

splendid  results  were  becoming  apparent,  and  hence  it  was  easy  to  induce  Congress  to  grant  half  a  million  dollars 
in  .August,  1888.  When  this  sum  was  available  the  plant  was  extensively  improved,  the  Government  steamer 
CamiJis  was  placed  in  commission  to  tow  the  rock  barges  betv.>  en  the  quarry  and  Astoria,  and  the  tug  Gci'r^c 
II.  Meiidiil  was  built  to  take  the  barges  from  .\storia  to  the  jetty.  The  rolling-stock  on  the  jetty  was  increased 
to  live  locomotives  and  sixty-two  cars,  a  new  receiving  wharf  was  built,  and  with  these  equipments  the  work  was 
pushed  to  completion.  Ample  funds  were  provided  until  April  i,  1894.,  when  work  was  suspended  for  .several 
mouths.  The  plant  was  put  in  operation  again  in  August.  1894,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  delays  caused 
by  had  weather,  work  has  been  steadily  carried  on.     The  construction  of  this  jetty  is  probably  without  a  parallel 

ill  the  history  of  Government  work, 
for  the  reason  that  it  will  be  com- 
pleted for  a  trifle  more  than  half  of 
the  original  estimated  cost,  which  was 
5,^,710,000,  The  total  cost,  including 
a  number  of  features  not  originally 
specified,  will  be  but  52,025,000. 
Nearly  half  a  million  lineal  feet  of 
piling,  three  million  feet  of  timber, 
and  about  nine  hundred  thousand 
tons  of  rock,  were  used  in  its  con- 
struction. Transporting  rock  from 
the  quarries  by  the  steamer  Ctiscadf.t 
and  the  barges  aff'orded  a  striking 
illustration  of  the  cheapness  of  water 
carriage.  The  average  cost  of  towing 
from  the  quarry  to  the  jetty  and 
returning  the  empty  barges  has  been 
Its^  than  twenty-one  cents  per  ton,  including  all  the  incidental  expenses  of  repairing  and  maintaining  the  ster.mers 
anil  l)arges.  The  distance  of  the  round  trip  is  nearly  J25  miles.  The  jetty  is  about  twenty-five  thousand  feet 
Ion;;,  and  when  completed  the  rock  at  the  shore  end  will  be  twelve  feet  above  water,  sloping  to  ten  feet  at  a 


V.    S.   StFXMKR   "CASCAnHR"    AND   HAROKS 


M:  V  ('.  (',111/,-iv,  M  llu'  tine  of  Iwi'iityone.  In  1S71  lie  Imill  in  Ivist  lioston  the  1>iirk  A'i);/Hi,'  Stii/m,  witli  wliicli  he  niaile  tiiary 
^ii.\  s^fiil  vdvanes  iiiuil  1877,  when  slie  was  cann''!  in  a  lyphoon  at  Yokohama  ami  thrown  on  the  heacli.  The  entire  crew  weie 
savi  I,  altliou').;]!  the  lioai'h  was  strewn  witli  ileail  from  a  'lar),'e  niimher  of  other  vessels  whieh  were  lost  in  the  same  storm.  Captaip 
Ilrv  Ml  eontinneil  following  the  .sea  nntil  1S79,  when,  after  an  extenilcil  trip  to  the  Orient,  he  ahamloneil  the  water  ami  settleil  in 
Cii;  ,  irnia,  remaiiiinK  there  until  iSS^,  when  he  went  to  the  Sonml  to  lake  charge  of  the  shipping  Inisiness  of  John  I..  Ilowarl.  In 
iss    he  was  appointed  I'liited  Stales  inspector  of  hulls  for  the  I'nuel  -Sounil  and  .Maska  ilistrict. 


m 


*)■■! 


I 
.1 


lU 


I  i 


332 


Lewis  cf  Dryden  s  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


distance  of  one  and  eight-tenths  miles  out,  and  thence  to  four  feet  above  low  wafer  at  the  outer  end.  U  lias 
already  practically  accomplished  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  intended,  and,  instead  of  several  crooked,  sliullow 
channels  straggling  seaward  over  a  wide  expanse  of  sand  spits,  there  is  a  single  straight,  deep  channel  showing  a 
depth  of  thirty  feet  of  water  at  low  tide.  Naturally  this  marvelous  change  has  had  its  effect  on  the  adjoining 
sands.  Inside  of  the  jetty,  where  the  breakers  formerly  curled  at  low  water,  is  a  tract  of  about  three  tliousand 
acres,  nearly  all  of  which  is  bare  at  low  water  and  on  which  there  has  been  an  average  deposit  of  five  feet  of 
sand.  This  is  constantly  increasing,  strengthening  the  jetty,  and  insuring  the  permanency  of  the  improvement. 
The  work  almost  from  its  inception  has  been  in  charge  of  G.  B.  Hegardt,  superintendent,  with  J.  M.  .Stoneman. 
manager,  and  K.  M.  Philabaum,  chief  clerk. 

The  Columbia  grain  fleet  in  1885  included  the  British  barks  c  /«//  J'ogKsoii  799  tons,  .Annie  HI.  l.aic  i.ijy, 
Gwyiifdci  1,05,^  Martha  Fisher  811,  Ophe/ia  1,184,  liaiilcJnle  t,3,v8,  ■'""  Millirent  994,  Ifelia  530,  Li:-.if  jlell 
1,036,  Craig  Mullen  ■jfti,  I'llock  779,  Varuna  1,371,  Valparaiso  730,  /iarraivula  fiio,  Chileiia  680,  .Sai'Hii  S.16, 
Awcdi'rtJ' 446,  Emhieton  1,196,  Ren/reii'shire  i<i)^,  yo.fenii/e  -jM,  A/ar/ahin  -jTiJ,  />o;(7//i)' 848,  William  /).  .Si-al  ~^u, 
h'ircarJineshirc  1,282,  A'ineliine  yi)i,  /ohn  Nicholson  6S5,  Slaghoinnl  973,  Cambrian  1,053,  Monmoulhsliirc  1,161, 
Ilanca  1,000,  A'enlris  668,  Roslyn  Caslle  644,  lirilish  Afoiiarch  1,262,  Oban  /lay  1,068,  /uluaid  Pciry  ,S6o, 
.lllahahad  1,143,  ''^'  '^  •'^'  ^<"'  '.i!*'.  '*><^"  f-"'^  S9'.  ,/(""''  McNeil  890,  Kcmonslraiil  1,045,  /.amora  i,i,So, 
.'laililinglonshire  1,149,  Archer  765,  lilina  772,  Carnanon  Caslle  720,  A'/V/r  803,  llaidec  758,  Sitilclma  i/u, 
lirilish  Army  i,2Sg, /osie  Troop  1,098,  Glenaflon  1,109,  W'esI  York  679,  Caonabo  666,  /\ri  897,  /uirl  Derby  ij(n. 
Mcreia  751,  Columbus  744,  Highmoor  1,143,  Carnmoiiey  1,255.  Connoraul  1,073,  Primera  ^'.y-,  Crosshill  i.oi:, 
(ilcrshee  840,  Saiiliago  979,  Dilbnur  1,281,  /.alia  Kookh  811,  Parlhia  1,022,  Lord  k'iiniard  S^\,  .Ihcniylc  -on, 
Norcross  897,  /aza  890,  Compadrc  890,  .Singapore  656,  Clan  McLcod  646,  Northcrnhay  1,221  ;  British  ships 
Citadel  1,363,  Yarra  Yarra  1,242,  Perthshire  596,  Sovereign  1,173,  Montgomery  Castle  871,  llccmah  954,  fain- 
Sprout  670,  A'agpore  1,209,  Po>tia  1,424,  .1/.  E.  Watson  1,670,  City  0/  /lenares  1,567,  City  of  Hankow  i.uji, 
nunidcer  989,  City  of  Florence  1,200,  J'ricdeburg  760,  Crisdale  1,222,  Grasmere  1,246,  .1/acdarmid  1,530, 
Pespigadera  1,629,  -ibcona  979,  Carniarthan  Castle  1,407,  .Ibcrcorn  1,252,  Winnipeg  1,308;  American  ships 
McNear  1,335../.  F.  Frown  1,551,  /'V/""  F.  Starbuck  1,931,  P.  F.  Oakcs  1,893,  Harry  Morse  \,t,(\o,  John  P.  Ilcny 
1,420,  Olive  S.  Southard  1,193;  American  barks  Western  Felle  1,135,  ^-  •*>•  Hurlburt  1,038,  George  S.  Homer 
1,267,  General  Fairchild  1,428  ;  German  barks /(Wc/ii  875,  liritannia  841,  Flora  970,  German  ship  .Mollkc  ^a^. 
The  largest  of  the  fleet  was  the  American  ship  Tillie  A".  Starbuck,  1,931,  and  the  smallest  the  British  bark 
Lucayas,  446  tons.     Fifty-five  registered  over  1,000,  thirty  over  i,20(3,  eleven  over  1,400,  four  over  1,600,  and  two 

over  1,800  tons. 

Two  British  barks  boiintl  for 
the  Columbia  Kiver  left  their  bones 
on  North  Beach  early  in  1885.  Tla- 
first,  the  .Ibbey  Cozipcr,  699  tons,  in 
command  of  Capt.  William  Ross. 
with  a  crew  of  eighteen  men.  sailed 
into  the  breakers  near  Shoalwaler 
Bay,  January  4th.  and  became  a  total 
loss,  all  hands  reaching  shore  in 
safety.  The  bark  was  in  ballast  from 
MoUendo  for  the  Columbia,  and  on 
Hearing  the  mouth  of  the  river 
encountered  a  fog,  which,  with  tlie 
captain's  ignorance  of  the  strong 
northerly  current  at  this  point,  was 
the  principal  cause  of  the  disaster. 
Two  weeks  later  the  A;.V7  liiiiiijd- 
dhar,  Capt.  John  liattersby.  from 
Magdalena  Bay  for  the  Columbia  River,  struck  within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  the  wreck  of  the  .Ibbey  Co;ifer 
under  the  same  conditions,  and  the  result  was  a  similar  catastrophe.  As  their  clo.se  proximity  to  the  breakers 
became  known,  the  crew  of  the  Gungadhar  let  go  the  anchors  and  tried  to  work  out  of  the  difficulty,  InU  the 
ship's  bottom  was  foul,  and  this  and  the  heavy  sea  running  jirevented  her  getting  away  from  the  land,  ami  .she 
gradually  drifted  in  and  pounded  to  pieces.  The  Gungadhar  was  of  594  tons  register,  twenty-five  years  old  and 
carried  a  crew  of  twelve  men.  The  bark  .Irabclla,  Captain  Williams,  luiiibcr-ladeii  from  Burrard's  Iiilrt  for 
Montevideo,  was  wrecked  on  the  south  shore  of  Trial  Island,  December  25th,  '.vhile  in  tow  of  the  tug  Pilot,  Captain 
Douglass.  The  accident  happened  at  five  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  tuf,  striking  first  but  afterward  getting 
clear.  The  Arabella's  injuries  were  such  that  she  could  not  be  moved,  and  the  wreck  was  .sold  to  the  Doininimi 
Sawmill  Company  for  $355,  and  the  cargo  of  lumber  for  $1.50  per  thousand.  The  vessel  was  built  at  (jiu'rc  in 
1875,  registered  7*9  tons,  and  carried  479,387  feet  of  lumber. 


V.  S.  KKVKNn:  Cl'Ttkr  '■Ricmaku  KfSll' 


B.''i.'!' 


Now  Steamers  on  Interior  Waters,  Tremendous  Losses  by  Marine  Disasters 


333 


Tlic  Ga~f/U,  which  was  consti  acted  on  the  Coluinhia  several  years  before,  and  owned  and  operated  by  Capt. 
Hiram  Ohiey,  was  bnrnud  on  the  Slillagnaniish  River  on  March  12th,  the  fire  starting  in  the  galley.  The  steamer 
burned  to  the  water's  edge,  and  the  hull  then  sank.  The  steamer  Wihhtvod  caught  fire  at  Olynipia,  July  21st, 
siisl.iining  daujages  nmounting  to  several  thousand  dollars  ;  and  the  Iliinlress,  a  small  trading  steamer  on  the 
Columbia,  burned  to  the  water's  edge  at  Kalama,  December  i.Sth.  The  Hritish  bark  /faddiiitflonshhr.  Captain 
Fni/ier,  one  of  the  Columbia  grain  fleet,  while  outward  liound,  went  ashore  on  the  California  coast  a  short  di.stance 
below  San  Franci.seo,  .\ugust  20th,  her  master  and  all  but  two  of  the  crew  peri.shing  in  the  breakers.  The  pioneer 
bark  Monlana  was  lost  at  Newshagak,  July  27th,  and  the  steamer  .Utwaiiiicr  Ditiican,  from  Hueneme  for  San 
Francisco,  was  wrecked  at  Fort  Point,  September  9th.  The  Hawaiian  bark  T/ionias  A'.  Foster,  from  ICsqnimalt, 
IkCLiuber  9,  18S5,  with  1,650  tons  of  coal  for  Honolulu,  encountered  a  heavy  southwest  gale  .soon  after  leaving 
port  and  connnenced  making  water  very  fast  on  the  twelfth,  the  leak  increasing  until  all  hands  were  obliged  to 
keep  at  the  pumps  to  prevent  her  sinking. 
She  was  then  headed  for  Cape  Flattery  before 
,1  southeast  gale,  sighted  the  cape  on  the 
sixteenth,  but  there  encountered  a  northeast 
jjale.  and,  as  the  water  in  the  hold  was  increas- 
ing, was  he.ided  for  the  beach  eight  miles  east 
of  Cape  Cook  and  rini  in  with  twelve  feet  of 
water  in  the  hold.  Two  of  the  boats  were 
destroyed  by  the  sea,  but  in  the  other  the  crew 
re.u'lied  shore,  where  they  lived  on  mussels, 
seaweed  and  a  few  nuce  for  twenty-two  days, 
and  were  then  taken  to  Kyotiuot  village  by 
the  Indians,  with  whom  they  remained  nearly 
two  months,  when  the  steamer  .S7;-  James 
Poiio/os  took  them  to  X'ictoria.  The  vessel 
was  commanded  by  Capt.  l'\  \V.  Rugg,  with 
P.  Green  and  William  Dean,  mates,  and  a 
crew  of  fifteen  men. 

Several  men  prominent  in  marine 
circles  passed  away  in  1.S.S5  Among  the 
(leatlis  occurring  at  Portlaiul  were  those  of  Capt.  Jolin  Wolf,  a  pioneer  steamboatman,  October  i4tli,  aged 
sixty-four;  Capt.  Xathaniel  1!.  riigersoll,  who  brought  the  steamship  /la/cola  to  the  Pacific,  Decetubcr  5th. 
aged  sixty-one  ;  Capt.  J.  O.  Fairfowl,  formerly  of  the  Nortii  Pacific  Transportation  Company,  January  tSth.  aged 
sixty-two  ;  and  John  II.  Carney,  a  well  known  purser  on  ocean  and  .Sound  steamers,  August  9th.  Peter  .\Ic(Juade, 
interested  in  Hritish  Columbia  marine  matters  since  lS^S,  died  at  Victoria,  aged  sixty-one  ;  Daniel  Longfellow, 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Washington  Steamboat  Company,  at  San  Franci.seo,  October  5th  ;  and  Capt.  Irving 
Stevens,  for  twenty  years  a  pilot  between  Astoria  and  Portland,  at  his  home  on  the  Cowlitz  River,  May  29th. 

Fully  fifty  steamers  came  into  existence  on  Puget  Sound  and  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  in  i.SSri, 
ami,  while  none  of  them  were  so  pretentious  as  some  of  the  productions  of  former  years,  each  one  proved  of  value 
in  the  particular  field  wherein  it  was  employed.  The  steamer  Dolf>/ii>i  was  built  at  Astoria  by  Capt.  D. 
Mackenzie"  and  his  associates,  who  intended  h  'r  for  deep-sea  fishing,  but  after  making  a  few  trips  .she  was  sold  to 
tile  llwaco  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and  afterward  to  the  Portland  &  Coast  Steamship  Company, 
who  operated  her  in  the  coasting  trade.  The  /lo/f'/ihi  was  eighty-seven  feet  five  inches  long,  twenty-two  feet  four 
inches  beam,  and  eight  feet  hold,  and  was  connnanded  l)y  Thomas  Neill.  John  Peterson,  Thomas  Latham  ard 
J.  li.  Patterson.  She  went  to  Puget  Sound  in  1X9,^  and  from  there  to  Alaska.  The  steam  schooner  AVt/c  O/seii 
was  launched  at  Sorenson's  shipyard  at  Portland  in  .\pril  and  commenced  running  to  Tillamook.  She  was 
owned  by  William  Olsen  and  handled  by  F.  A.  Johnson  and  O.  R.  Staples.  She  retired  from  the  coasting  trade 
.abiml  i,SS9,  and  was  used  in  the  halibut  fisheries  and  also  in  sealing,  and  while  engaged  in  the  latter  work  was 
lost  ill  Japanese  waters  in  1S95.  Capt.  J.  J.  Winant  Iniilt  the  steam  .schooner  Mheliief  a\.  Oneatta  on  Vaquina 
Hay.  ])laciiig  her  in  the  trade  between  Va<iuina  and  the  Columbia  He  operated  her  until  1S90,  when  she 
emliarked  in  .sealing,  and  for  the  past  three  years  has  been  in  the  Hritish  .service,  acting  as  a  tender  to  the  Hering 
Sea   Meet,  Capt.   Hamilton  R.    Foote."'  the  well  known    Hritish    Columbia  y.achtsman,   having  command.     The 


~  ■""■"  •  ■--''>JSir-i'--.-^ 

I'DKTI.ASI)  ,S:   COASr   STKAMSnil'  COMl'ANV'S  ' 


ami 

r,./i, 

fiir.l 
lies 
Colli 
/■',/,-, 


SCVll 

ofll: 


'Capt.  I).  Mackenzie  was  horn  in  .Scollaiul  in  1S63  anil  cointnenced  his  marine  service  on  sailing  vessels.  He  went  to  Aincrieti 
lUereil  llie  stcanislii])  service  on  Ihe  I'.reat  Lakes.  After  two  years  at  this  work  lie  luoveil  to  Astoria  ami  served  on  the  tUf; 
'iibin  as  fireman  with  Captain  .Staples.  On  leaviii);  that  cm])lt)vinent  he  joined  his  hrotlier  iiml  constructed  the  sloop  Venfitte 
I'ep-sea  fishing,  and,  meeting  with  success,  liuilt  the  steamer  Pi'lfiliiii  for  the  same  purpose.  Kiicountering  financial  reverses 
lid  her  and  went  to  .Maska  on  the  steamer  i'ninii.  Me  remained  there  three  years,  then,  after  a  visit  to  Scotland,  went  to  liritisli 
iiiliia  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  tug  (Vi'i/c,  which  he  soon  disjOTSed  of  and  en^.-iged  as  engineer  on  the  steamer  liliza 

'"Capt.  llaniiUon  U,  I'oote  was  horn  in  Uuhlin.  Ireland,  in  1S5S,  and  was  in  the  steanisliip  service  out  of  European  ports  for 
111  years,  afterward  c(iniiii),'  to  the  t'niteil  States  ,ind  serving  on  I.ake  Ontario.  He  went  In  Victoria  in  iJSyo,  and  was  in  charge 
I-  steamers  '/'.  W.  Oilier,  .S/iiiis/er  ■,i»i\  Miicliie/,  making  a  iiuinher  of  trips  to  Alaska  and  the  niirthern  coast  with  the  latter 


I  ■        1 
J 


^1 


V.  I 


334 


Lewis  4  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwest 


steam  tug  Cruiser  was  constructed  at  North  Bend,  Coos  Bay,  in  1886,  for  A.  M.  Simpson.  Slit  was 
seventy  feet  long,  sixteen  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  nine  and  sixteen  by  twelve  inrlies. 
Captains  J.  C.  Reed  and  Edward  Gunderson  "  have  handled  the  steamer  on  Gray's  Harbor  and  Shoalwater  Bay 
nearly  all  the  time  since  her  completion.  The  steamers  Antelope  and  Butcher  Hoy  were  launched  at  Mnrslifield. 
The  former  belonged  to  O.  Reed,  who  ran  her  as  captain  until  1888,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  H.  B.  Lockwood. 
The  Dunhams  and  X.  J.  Cornwall 

afterward  owned   the  steamer,  and  -,  -    .  

J.  H.  Yaeger,''  Daniel  Roberts  and 
George  I.eneve "  served  as  masters 
and  F.  A.  Fox  "as  engineer.  The 
liuleher  Hoy  was  a  small  propeller 
built  by  S.  C.  Rodgers,  who  handled 
her,  with  August  Schmidt, 'engineer. 
The  Electric,  a  handsome  little 
propeller  sixty-four  feet  long,  fifteen 
feet  beam,  and  four  feet  hold,  was 
constructed  at  Astoria  by  Capt.  A.  C. 
Fisher,  who  operated  her  until  1890 
and  then  sold  her  to  Capt.  Charles 
Gunderson  and  Thomas  Russell.  In 
1894  she  was  purcha.sed  by  Capt. 
Wilbur  Babbidge,  has  run  steadily 
on  the  route  between  .Skipanon  and 
A.storia,  and  is  one  of  the  best  steam- 
ers of  her  class  on  the  lower  river. 
The  Favorite,  a  sixty-foot  propeller, 
was  built  at  Astoria  for  Capt.  William  P.  Dillon,  who  used  her  on  the  Westport  route  until  i8,S8,  when  she 
was  purchased  by  Capt.  W.  R.  Warren,  who  handled  her  for  a  year  and  then  disposed  of  her  to  Capt.  J.  J.  Wiiiaiit 
and  M,  G.  Buckley.  The  Oregon  Development  Company,  which  was  in  reality  the  Oregon  Pacific  Railroad 
Company,  launched  two  fine  sternwheel  steamers  at  Portland  in  1886.  The  T/iree  Sisters,  the  first  to  enter  the 
water,  was  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  long,  thirty  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  four  inches  hold,  with  engines 
twelve  by  forty-eight  inches.      She  commenced  running  on   the  upper  Willamette  in  charge  of  J.   L.  Smilli. 


STKAM   SCIKtONF.R    "MlSCIIIRr 


vessel.     Ill  1893  he  took  the  .V/scA/V/' to  St.  Michael's    Islaml    with    the  first   car^o   of   Hritish  f;oO(ls  since  the  Russian  orcnpatimi, 

nearly  thirty  years  previous.     Captain  I'oote  has  always  taken  a  ^reat  iiileri'sl  in 

^  yachting  matters,  and  was  the  first  coniniortorc  of  the  N'orthwcsterii  International 

:  Vachtin^  .Association,  which  is  composed  of  the  \-arious  clul)s  of  Wasliin^tnn 

and  British  Coluniliia,  and  has  also  held  the  olTice  of  treasn'-er  of  the  associalion. 
"  Capt.  I'Mwiird  Gunderson  of  North  Cove,  Wash.,  was  horn  in  Norwa\'  in 
i,S57  and  hegan  sailing  out  of  San  I'rancisco  in  i.S;!)  on  the  liarkentine  l'i<iil,iinl. 
running  from  the  Columbia  River.  He  was  afterward  on  the  steamer  luiilh  :inrl 
the  tug  Sen  I. ion  at  San  Francisco,  and  on  the  tugs  'J'rm'iier,  Runner  and  l'iiiil,r 
on  dray's  Harlior  for  three  years.  lie  then  sailed  for  a  year  on  the  scliootier 
/>iire,  and  on  returning  lo  Shoalwater  Hay  w.is  engaged  on  the  steamers  I'.ili;,!), 
Siinlli  llenct  and  Ciiiis.  r. 

"J.  H.  Y.aeger,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Michigan  in  i.S44aud  weul  todrcgon 
in  1H74.  His  first  marine  work  there  was  on  the  steamer  /Innir,  where  he  ran 
as  engineer  for  a  year.  He  afterward  held  the  same  position  on  the  Ci'ics  for 
four  or  five  years,  leaving  her  to  run  as  master  of  the  ^Inlclope.  On  leaviiii;  the 
latter  steamer  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  al  present  is  proi)ri('lnr  of 
a  store  al  Randon,  Or. 

"Capt.  George  I.eueve  of  Myrtle  Point,  Or.,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  I'-si, 
and  in  iS-Si  commenced  steamboating  on  the  l.itt/e  .-Innii ,  which  Cwe  years  Inter 
was  his  first  command.  He  was  next  in  charge  of  the  steamer  Ceirs  Un-  two 
years  and  of  the  A\-s//t'ss,  owned  by  Capt.  Robert  I'redericks.  He  was  aftoiward 
master  of  the  .inle/ope  and  Aleii,  remaining  with  the  latter  steamer  ahonl  l!iree 
years,  and  after  a  few  months  on  shore,  in  July,  1894,  taking  the  steamer  M\r!!c, 
of  which  he  has  since  had  charge. 

"F.  A.  Fox,  engineer,  was  born  at  Rainier,  Or.,  in  1S5S,  connmiKcl 
his  marine  service  on  the  tug  Escort  at  Coos  Ray  in  1S82,  and  was  on  iIr'  Ings 
Escort,  Fearless  and  Columbia  for  about  five  years.  He  was  afterward  engineer 
on  the  steamers  Antelope,  Afontesano,  Myrtle,  /iiilcher  /loy  and  liertlia  on  Coos 
Ray,  and  in  1893  was  engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  steam  schooner  //'■■  'tt  at 
San  Francisco,  serving  for  a  short  time  as  engineer  on  the  tug  Ethel  and  M,  non. 
He  has  retired  from  the  water  and  is  at  present  engaged  in  the  hotel  busim  -s  at 
Florence. 

"August  Schmidt,  engineer,  was  born  in  Austria  in  1848,  came  to  this  country  in  1864,  ran  out  of  New  York  until  iScj,  .ind 
then  moved  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  he  worked  for  a  while  in  a  machine  shop  and  then  joined  the  steamer  Prince  Alfred,  rii;niinj! 
north  to  Victoria.     He  went  to  Coos  Bay  in  1873,  was  employed  on  shore  until  1879,  and  then  served  as  chief  engineer 
steamer  Verona,  owned  by  R.  D.  Hume,  for  two  years,  and  also  occupied  the  same  position  on  the  Little  Annie  while  she 
Coos  Bay.     He  afterward  ran  on  the  finlcher  Boy,  Milton,  Restless,  Alert  and  a  number  of  other  steamers. 


Capt.  Hamilton  R.  Footb 


llic 


ni  ill  Niirwav  in 


nfiiiieer  on  the 
hile  she  m:i5  al 


New  Steamers  on  Interior  Waters,  Tremendous  Losses  by  Marine  Disasters 


335 


\V.  1'.   .Short '"  then  took  command  and  retained  it  for  three  years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  J.  I).  Miller  in 
rSyi.     Capt.  Robert  Young  was  master  in   1893,  and  Thomas  J.  Hardy''  was  engineer  for  several  years.     The 
M  N.  Ikntley  was  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long,  thirty-two  feet  beam,  and  four  and  one-half  feet  hold,  with 
entiiiies  sixteen  by  sixty  inches.     She  made  her  trial  trip  December  13th  in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  L.  Smith,  and 
two  weeks  later  sank  at  vSalem  while  loaded  with  3,800  bu.shels  of 
whciit.     She  was  raised  and  continued  in  the  Oregon  Pacific  service. 
Capt,  J.  P.  Coulter  succeeded  Smith,  and  Sherman  V.  Short  had  com- 
mand in  I.H.HS  and  i.S.Scj. 

David  Stephenson  '"  built  the  steam  launch  Mikado  at  Portland 
for  Capt.  J.  A.  Hrown,  a  stevedore,  who  used  her  in  his  work  in  the 
harlior  and  as  a  pleasure  boat  for  hunting  excursions.  She  was 
leiiK'liened  in  iHSy  and  in  June  sold  to  parties  on  the  Sound,  Capt. 
Tluiiuas  Doig  taking  her  round.  On  reaching  her  destination  she 
ran  l)etween  I'airhaven,  Sehome  and  Whatcom  and  made  a  great  deal 
of  money  for  her  owners  during  the  boom.  She  was  afterward  taken 
to  Lake  Washington,  and  after  ruiniing  there  a  short  time  returned 
to  llie  Sound.  Claud  Troup  "  handled  her  on  the  Columbia  River, 
and  John  W.  Hrooks  "  and  Charles  Hergman,  her  present  owner,  have 
l)eeii  her  masters  on  the  Sound.  Other  small  steamers  constructed  at 
I'orlland  were  the  Jhiisy  by  William  Pride,  the  Lena  for  the  Lewis 
River  trade,  the  Julia  and  the  Oiiiiiaiil.  The  ferry  steamer  Alhina 
No.  I  was  completed  at  Portland,  the  Nellie  at  Columbus,  and  the 
Rallli-r^i  Ainsworth.  The  steam  launch  /(Vi//W(7/(',  built  in  New  York, 
was  l)rought  to  Portland  l)y  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Com- 
pany and  handled  by  Claud  Troup.     The  steamer  /■'lec/avod.  which 

'''Capt.  W.  r.  Shoit  was  horn  in  Hnttevillf,  Or.,  in  1852,  and  coniineiu'i-'d 
his  luarinu  life  011  the  Oovurmnent  stcaniur  C'lisiwIfS  in  i8,Si.     After  working  a  Cai't.  w.  r.  Smmi 

short  time  as  a  dcekhanil  he  was  ap))(>inteil  mate,  hohlinj;  that  position  on  the 

steamer  for  three  jx'ars  ami  then  entering  tile  employ  of  Joseph  Kelloj^j^  as  mate  on  the  steamers  'I'tileiio  and  Jowph  i\t'lln^ii\  He 
It'ft  Kello^'^'s  emplov  three  years  later  and  entered  that  of  tlie  Orej^on  I'aeitic  as  nnite  on  the  steamer  ,\'.  .V.  lU'ntlry  for  a  year,  and 
was  then  ^iven  comnnind  of  the  steamer  /'///vi'  Si'sleis,  rnnidng  her  for  two  years.  Karly  in  1S91  he  was  ennaKed  by  Captain  Troup 
to  ^o  to  the  upper  Cfilnmhia,  and  in  the  service  of  the  Colnmbia  ^:  Kootenai  Steam  Navij^ation  Company  was  engaj^ed  on  the 
S/':ii\iiii-,  l.ylli'ii,  llliiilli-.i.if:l,  k'liiileiiiii  and  Ci'liiiiihiii  on  Kootenai  I.ake  and  the  upper  Columbia.  He  returned  from  the  Columbia 
Kivir  in  i.Sy;  ami  ran  for  a  little  while  as  male  on  the  IXitles  City,  and  in  .\p.  il,  i.Sg4,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  steamer  A'fi;iiliiliir 
nil  ilie  middle  river.  Cajilain  Short  is  a  brother  of  Capt.  .Shermau  \'.  Sliort  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Coinpauy's 
sliaiiurs,  and  of  Capt.  Marshall  .Short,  who  was  killed  at  .Astoria  while  ill  command  of  the  Oel'ldliiiiiiii. 

'Thomas  J.   II  irdy,  engineer,  was  born  ill  St.  I.oiiis  in   1.S40.      .\t  an  early  age  he  began  running  on  the  lower  Mississi|)pi, 

where  he  was  first  employed  as  a  pilot  and  afterwanl  as  an  engineer.  In  the 
latter  capacity  he  served  for  several  years  on  the  Mississippi  and  upper  Misstmri, 
coining  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  iSSo.  His  first  work  was  as  chief  engineer  of  the 
.  ///Vf'.  which  he  left  a  year  later  and  worked  ashore  for  live  years,  then  Joining 
the  Tlitre  Sisters,  where  he  remained  for  a  similar  jieriod.  He  was  afterward  in 
charge  of  the  engines  on  the  S/iiU'ir  and  a  number  of  other  steamers.  He  has 
held  all  engineer's  license  for  nearly  twenty-four  years. 

'"  David  Sleplu'iison,  shipbuilder,  of  rortland,  Or,,  was  born  in  .St.  Johns, 
New  Uniuswick,  in  i,S_^5.  and  learneil  his  trade  at  his  native  town,  where  he  built 
a  great  many  sailing  vessels.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  iSS^  and  in  iS.Sh 
constructed  (he  steamer  ,1///i?i/ii  for  Cajjt.  J.  .\,  Hrown.  He  afterward  built  the 
sternwheel  steamers  .\'it  H'ofuler,  .Ittiuiii  and  J/esseiii^ef  and  the  propellers  tl'iit- 
lir.en  and  /uiiiviKli.  He  then  went  to  Kootenai  I.ake,  where  he  completed  the 
steamer  .\'t't\i"i  for  the  Columbia  .S:  Kootenai  Navigation  Company,  He  alsn 
built  the  twin  propeller  /(■'.  l/iiiitei  Ai  New  Denver,  on  Slocati  I,ake,  for  J,  I"rcil 
Hume  and  nthers. 

''Capt.  Claud  Troup  was  bom  in  Vancouver,  W.ish.,  November  25,  iSfi.s, 
and  followed  in  the  footsteps  of  his  father.  William  H.  Troup,  and  his  grand 
father,  Ca])l.  James  Turnbull.  by  evidencing  at  an  early  age  a  ])assioii  fiirste.'iin- 
boatiug.  When  a  mere  boy  lie  successfully  acted  as  master  of  the  little  steamers 
i)is/i<it</i  and  /(iiwHcZ/caud  followed  this  with  an  apprenticeship  at  the  Wilhimelte 
Iron  Works,  .After  leaving  there  he  snperinleiuied  Ihe  building  of  the  little 
steamer  Mikiiilo,  on  which  he  served  as  master  and  engineer,  autl  then  entered 
the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Conip;iny  as  engineer  on  several 
of  their  best  boats,  but  soon  left  them,  and.  in  company  with  several  others, 
built  the  celebrated  sternwheeler  Creylwuud.  Captain  Troup  placed  the  machin- 
ery in  the  steamer  and  went  with  her  to  Pnget  Sound,  occupying  the  position  of 
chief  engineer  for  several  years.  He  afterward  took  comniand  of  the  steamer 
and  is  now  her  managing  owner.  Since  arriving  on  the  Sound  the  Gieylioiiiht 
has  beaten  every  boat  she  has  raced  with  and  has  a  record  for  speed  that  is  plie- 
iioinenal  for  one  of  her  size  and  construction.  Much  of  the  success  which  has 
marked  her  career  is  due  to  the  practical  knowledge  of  steamboating  which  her 
Capt.  Clacd  Trovp  master  has  displayed.     While  a  young  man.  Captain  Troup  has  had  a  long  and 

varied  experience,  having  filled  almost  every  position  on  board  a  steainl)oat, 
«hcro  he  is  as  much  at  home  in  the  engine  room  as  ill  the  pilot-house,  and  is  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  management  and  operation 
of  suaniers.     He  resides  at  Seattle.  Wash, 

■"Capt.  John  W.  Hrooks  was  born  in  Wyoming  in  1.S62  and  came  to  I'uget  Sound  in  1879.  He  commenced  steamboating  011 
llie 'i.iamer  .\V///c  and  has  followed  the  business  continuously  since  that  time.  For  the  past  few  years  he  has  been  master  of  the 
steamer  K.  I).  Smith. 


Il'i 


jii  r; 

;  ;_,i   ; 

if 


,•     1 


H    . 


ii ; 


336 


Lewis  cf  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortf)west 


hail  earned  money  and  fame  on  the  Cohimhia,  was  taken  to  Piij^et  Sound  in  Noveml)er,  making  the  rim  irDin 
the  Colunil)ia  bar  to  Neah  Hay  in  twcnty-fonr  hours,  encountering  a  li'rrific  gale  on  the  way.  Oemnc  I). 
Messcgce  handled  hur  on  the  trip,  and  she  narrowly  escaped  destrnction.  In  tile  midst  of  the  lieavy  v.:\\v  iiiid 
hijfh  .seas,  whicli  kept  her  propeller  out  of  water  ibout  half  the  time,  her  house  caught  fire  near  llic  ImikT, 
hut  the  flames  were  extinj^uished  before  any  great  damage  was  done.  The  h'lcclwood  commenced  riiiiiijni; 
between  Olyinpia  and  Seattle,  where  she  met  with  a  reception  fully  as  generous  as  that  accorded  hti  uliun 
she  first  appeared  on  the  Columbia.  She  also  encountered  her  olil  Columbia  River  rival,  the  lliiyuutd,  aiid 
there  was  spirited  competition  between  the  two  steamers.  The  propellers  Gold  Dust  and  Michigan  were  alsd 
taken  to  the  Sound.  The  tug  .I/()i,"'/ was  launched  at  Tucoma,  March  -'oth,  for  the  Tacoma  Steam  Navigation 
Company,  the  principal  members  of  which  were  James  Orifliths,  '  Oen.  J.  W.  Sprague  and  I.  W.  AndirMin. 
She  was  ninety-four  feet  long,  nineteen  feet  eight  inches  beam,  and  ten  and  one-half  feet  hold.  She  ciilncd 
the  towing  service  as  soon  as  completed  and  was  for  several  years  in  command  of  Capt.  Clark  \V.  Spriigiic, 
a  well  known  Columbia  River  steamboatman.  In  i,Sy4  .she  was  placed  under  the  British  flag  and  practiciilly 
rebuilt  at  Victoria  by  her  new  owner,  Capt.  Henry  Smith.  When  she  was  again  put  in  commission  she  ^va^ 
considered  as  good  as  new,  but  in  May,  iSixs,  she  collided  with  a  ship  she  had  been  towing  and  sustained 
injuries  which  necessitated  immediate  beaching,  and  she  became  a  total  wreck. 

The  yi(l;oii,  a  small  propeller  of  about  thirty  Ions  burden,  constrncteil  of  thin  iron,  was  launched  in  .Swittle 
in  iSSfi  l)y  a  blacksmith  named  Holmes.     While  the  craft  was  in  process  of  construction  the  roof  of  the  shop  kll 

in  and  damaged  the  hull  considerably,  and  nothing  further  was  done 
with  it  until  this  year,  when  Holmes  engaged  Charles  Sperry.  a  well 
known  engineer,  to  put  the  machinery  in  and  run  her  to  Jiwieaii, 
Alaska,  for  a  net  sum  of  $.v>o.  Capt.  II.  J.  Gillespie'  was  cnnaj;t'd 
as  master,  and  a  few  passengers  were  also  secured,  who  were  to 
supply  their  own  food  and  blankets.  Holmes  was  in  a  hurry  to  j-et 
away,  and,  although  the  i'  'linery  was  new  and  untried,  he  refnstd 
to  make  a  trial  trip.  Oillc  .j  ic  and  .Sperry  made  an  inventory  of  the 
stores  and  e<|nipment  and  found  five  loaves  of  bread,  one  roll  of 
butter,  a  boiled  ham,  five  piHinds  of  crackers  and  a  few  ounces  of  tea. 
rather  limited  provisions  for  so  long  a  journey.  They  also  discovered 
that  a  compa.ss,  chart  and  clock  were  missing  and  at  once  entered  a 
protest,  but,  on  the  repeated  promises  of  Holmes  that  all  of  llic 
needed  articles  would  be  secured  at  Nanaimo,  where  they  were  to  call 
for  fuel,  reluctantly  steamed  out  of  the  harbor.  At  Port  Towii-eml 
the  steamer  was  seized  on  a  charge  of  having  whisky  aboard,  but.  a.s 
the  customs  authorities  failed  to  find  it,  she  was  released.  On  aaoli- 
ing  Xanaiino  the  coal  was  not  forthcoming,  and  with  little  fuel  anil 
less  food  the  Yukon  steamed  away  on  her  thousand-mile  voyaye. 
The  eight  passengers  on  board  were  highly  indignant  on  leaniiiif; 
the  true  state  of  affairs,  and,  as  they  had  all  of  the  provisions,  lliey 
retaliated  by  refusing  to  divide  with  the  crew.  This  worked  very 
well  as  far  as  Gillespie  and  Holmes  were  concerned,  but  in  this 
dilemma  Sperry  was  master  of  the  situation,  and  wdienever  he  was 
hungry  the  engine  was  stopped  until  food  was  forthcoming.  He  would  occasionally  extort  enough  for  liis 
shipmates,  but  usually  the   pa.ssengers  were   inexorable,  and  he  was  obliged   to  surreptitiously  divide  with  his 


CAI'T.    n.    J.   OlLI.KHI-IK 


"  Capt.  James  ("irillilhs  was  liorii  ill  Newport,  I'jinlanil,  in  i.S()i,aii(l  arrived  at  'racoiiia  in  1.SS5.  With  (len.  J.  \V.  .SpniKue 
an<l  I.  \V.  .\ii(lers()n  he  built  the  tug  Moi^ul ,  anil  in  September  of  that  year  opened  a  braiieh  otlice  in  P<trt  Townsend  and  eiij^a_i;vil  in 
the  towiiiK  business.  The  firm  was  elianged  to  drinitlis.  Stetson  S:  Co.  in  1SS7.  In  i,S,SS  the  Taconia  ofTice  was  ilisrontinudl  mv\ 
Captain  Crifliths  removed  to  Port  Townsend,  from  where,  until  i.Sy2,  he  operated  the  tu^  Collis  in  conjunction  with  the  AA\i;iil.  In 
1S90  the  finn  boiij^ht  the  old  bark  Litiili>:o  juid  tried  the  experiment  of  towing  her  to  S.an  I'rancisco  with  a  cargo  of  coal. 
The  trip  was  fairly  successful,  and  the  l.iitllou'  has  since  made  several  trijjs  up  ami  down  the  Coast.  Captain  Cirillitlis  was  appointecl 
agent  for  the  whaleback  C  11^.  IVi'tinitrt'  before  she  started  across  the  Atlantic,  and  coiitiiuie<l  as  agent  until  she  was  Inst  at 
Coos  Bay. 

-'^Charles  Sperry.  engineer,  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  is  one  of  the  old  school  on  llie  Sound  and  was  handling  the  throttle  on  some 
of  the  pioneer  steamers  before  .some  of  the  present  generation  of  steamboatmen  were  born.  He  was  for  ,1  long  time  on  the  sliiuncr 
'Ai'phyy  when  she  was  considered  the  finest  sternwheeler  on  the  .Sound,  and  since  that  time  has  been  engaged  on  nearly  jsI!  llie 
steamers  of  any  prominence  plying  on  the  inland  sea,  being  a  practical  tnachiiiisl  and  having  a  thorough  kuowledne  cii  liis 
])rofessioii.  Mr.  Sperry  never  met  with  a  serious  jiccideiit  with  any  of  the  steamers  in  his  charge.  Ilis  famous  trip  on  the  Yukon, 
starting  on  a  journey  of  hundreds  of  miles  without  even  a  trial  trip,  was  a  \\\^\\  testimonial  to  his  ability  in  putting  machimry  in 
place  in  so  perfect  a  manner  that  she  made  the  run  without  a  break.  lie  was  l^or  several  months  chief  engineer  of  tlie  Criikii.  anil. 
despite  the  fact  that  she  was  provided  with  the  most  intricate  ami  coini>licated  macliinery  of  any  steamer  on  the  Sound,  her  miiiicrous 
>lelay.s  and  mishaps  did  not  occur  while  he  was  ill  charge. 

■^'' Cai)t.  H.  J.  (iiUespie  was  born  in  New  York  in  i.S^o  and  commenced  sailing  between  there  and  Liverpool  when  .1  i)oy, 
afterward  running  to  China  and  Japan.  On  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  he  sailed  for  several  years  in  the  coasting  trade  nii  the 
(hieiiiti/,  Otrii/eniii/  i\]i(\  YiKsniiiU',  leaving  them  to  take  the  steam  schooner  l.i-o  to  Alaska.  He  was  afterward  in  chargi' ' 'I' tlie 
steamers  Oi.imo/<o/is,  Viikoii,  Utopia  and  Cliiloit.  lie  also  went  to  .\laska  as  pilot  on  the  steamer  Alice  /ilaiuiianl  when  she-  took 
the  sternwheel  steamer /'  li.  //''<'«;•(■  to  St.  Michael's  Island.  Captain  ("Fillespie  is  one  of  the  best  known  pilots  that  have  ei.lered 
Alaskan  waters,  and  has  been  very  successful  witli  vessels  in  his  charge. 


m 


N>'W  Steamers  on  Interior  Waters,   Tremendous  I  osses  by  Marine  O/sas/crs 


Si7 


the  mil  Iriiiu 

flUdl^JL'     I). 

Mvy  Kalt  and 
ir  the  liciiliT, 
ifed  ruiinini; 
k'd  hci  uliuii 
'/(lyuaii/,  and 
ail  wen-  also 

II  Niivi(;ali(in 
V.   Andi-rsdn. 

She  eiilmd 
W.  Sprajjiic, 

III  practically 
ision  slie  was 
111(1  sustained 

heil  in  Scar.lc 
r  the  sliop  icll 
tlier  was  done 
Iperry,    a  well 
ler  III  Jnnean, 
was  ennai;ed 
who  were  to 
a  hurry  to  ^et 
ed,  he  refnsed 
veiitory  uf  the 
d,   one  roll  of 
ounces  of  tea, 
ilso  discovered 
once  entered  a 
Ihat  all  of  the 
ey  were  to  call 
t  Towii'-uiid 
)oard,  lint,  as 
On  reach- 
lillle  fuel  and 
mile  voyaye. 
on  learniii); 
•ovisions,  tliey 
worked  very 
Imt  ill  this 
never  he  was 
noush  for  liis 
ide  with  his 


,J.  \V.  Siira^ue 

and  eiij,Mv;i'il  i" 
liscoiitinui'il  and 

the  lUi'xii/.  1" 
a  car^o  "f  l-m''' 
IS  was  appoinleil 

she  was  Insl  iit 

throttle  on  some 
on  the  slfiimer 
11  nearly  ;ill  llic 
iiQwledKi'  "I  h's 
on  the  )'i(ti»i, 
iK  niacliiiury  in 
the  did-,  t.  an.l, 
d,  her  niinnrous 


lool  wlieii  .1  lioy, 
UK  track'  mi  the 
ill  clKir>;c  oithe 
'  when  sill-  look 
lathaveii  tered 


less  lortuiiatc  companion!*.  When  the  scanty  stock  of  fuel  was  exhausted,  the  steamer  was  headed  lor  the 
lieaili,  and  Holmes  agreed  to  aUow  the  passengers  four  dollars  a  cord  for  chopiiiiiK  wood.  I-'reciueiit  stops 
of  this  nature  were  made,  and  at  Safety  Cove  a  number  of  large  hears,  which  had  apparently  been  lasting  for 
scviral  weeks,  desceiuled  on  the  parly,  couipelliiig  them  to  take  to  the  boat,  leaving  their  saws  and  axes.  In 
the  absence  of  a  chart,  compass  or  clock  it  was  far  from  an  easy  task  to  lind  the  way  along  the  coast,  (lillcspje 
would  occasionally  give  ]dace  to  Holmes  and  take  a  few  hours  of  rest.  On  one  of  these  occasions  Holmes 
circiiinnavigated  a  large  island  and  bad  started  around  it  the  second  time  when  Sperry  happened  to  notice  the 
plaic  wheia  they  had  rut  wood  the  previous  day.  This  and  other  diversions  of  a  similar  nature  enabled  the 
YiiLni  to  consume  seventeen  days  between  Naiiaimo  and  Juneau,  where  they  eventually  arrived.  Here  the 
pasM  ngcrs  sued  Holmes  for  their  jiay  as  woodchoppers  and  also  for  the  time  they  had  lost  on  the  way.  The 
steamer  was  sei/td  by  the  I 'iiited  States  marshal  and  sold.  Holmes  receiving  but  $.'511.  With  this  he  started 
for  the  Yukon  River  but  died  on  the  way.  Gillespie  and  Sperry  have  made  fiecpieiit  trips  to  Alaska  since, 
lint  il  is  doubtful  if  they  have  ever  participated  in  one  which  has  furnished  them  with  so  many  reasons  for 
renieniberiug  it. 

A  stcriiwheel  steamer,  eighty-five  feet  long,  twentyonc  feel  benm.  and  five  feet  hold,  was  built  at  Seattle 
for  .Moore  6c  Meyers,  who  started  her  lujrlh  at  the  same  time  the  )'iii-(>i/  left.  She  was  christened  the  .■//'"<■<;// 
and  was  operated  for  a  while  on  the  Stickeeii  River.  The  sternwheel  steamer  C'/citi  /Itouii,  one  hundred  feet 
long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  four  feel  hold,  was  launched  at  Taconia  in  i.s,'<6  and  is  still  in  active  service, 
althongh  she  has  sunk  several  times 
and  has  never  proved  a  profitable 
venture  The  W'ashiiiglon  Steamboat 
Company  could  hardlv  keep  pare  with 
its  rapidly  increasing  business.  Ivarly 
in  the  year  they  reinforced  the  fleet 
witli  the  steamer  I'.dilh,  built  in  San 
Francisco  as  a  private  yacht  for  \V.  C. 
Ralslon.  The  h'.dith  was  a  propeller, 
one  hnndred  and  twenty  feet  long, 
twenty-four  feet  beam,  and  nine  feet 
seven  inches  hold,  and  was  handled 
on  the  Sound  for  several  years  by 
Capl.  Walter  McWilliams.  '  with  R.J, 
Murray,  '  engineer.  Her  new  owners 
received  a  four  years'  contract  for  car- 
rying the  mail  from  Tacoma  to  Port 
Towiisend  at  the  rate  of  $24,500  per 
year.  She  has  been  out  of  commis- 
sion for  .several  years  on  account  of 
the  advent  of  finer  steamers.  Other 
steamers  built  on  Pugcl  Sound  in  i,s,S6 
were  the  (.ileaiier,  Gnur,  .Uay  Oiircii  and  /riiiiif  Cmrol/  at  Seattle,  the  FJifli  A',  at  Houghton,  f.ilt/e  for  and 
Bessii-  at  Tacoma,  and  Ji/ohc  at  Olympia.  The  Liirv  was  .sold  by  Captain  Coding  to  the  Treadwell  Mining 
Company  of  Alaska  for  53,7,1"  The  .V.  /..  .T/iis//,/,-  was  purchased  by  .\.  O.  Henjamin,  who  in  turn  dispo.sed  of 
her  to  Capt.  David  Oilniore  for  5,v.si>o.  The  old  lighthouse  tender  Sliiibn'if:.  which  went  out  of  .service  in 
Deceniber.  i8,Ss,  was  sold  at  auction  in  March,  i.s.Sfi,  to  C.  Dcnsbrovv  of  San  Fianci.sco.  Her  place  in  the 
Northwest  was  supplied  by  the  Maiizanita,  which  was  first  in  charge  of  H.  M.  Gregory,  captain,  Charles 
Richardson,   first  officer,  William  K.  Gregory,  '  .second  officer,   Iv  A.   Peek,  chief  engineer,   Walter  Mudge,  first 

'Capt.  Walter  Mi'WilliaiMs  was  lioni  in  Ireland  in  1S6;,  and  coiniiieiu'ed  i,'oiiig  to  sea  at  the  a),a' of  thirteen.  He  irrived 
at  San  I'laiieisco  in  1S81  as  thinl  mate  of  tlie  ship  .S'A;;-  of  l\isia.  He  joincil  the  steanishi])  (  'ook  Hay  for  a  yuar  and  from  lur  went 
to  thisieanisliips  (^'niri;,'  II'.  /{/,/,■>■,  Oin'eii  and  .  hiii,ni.  In  iSS.)  he  was  on  the  Eililh  as  mate  .iiid  afterward  as  master,  ecmiiiioiding 
her  Inr  seven  years.  He  was  then  captain  of  the  tug  Coltah  for  a  short  time  and  was  pilot  of  the  ll'aicn  for  a  year.  In  1.S9,;  Captain 
lIcW  illianis  took  eharf;e  of  the  tug  /.  /•,'.  Iloydeii,  continuing  with  her  for  eight  months,  and  since  tlien  has  heen  I'ligaged  as  pilot 
on  tile  steamer  I  'topia. 

•'  K.  J.  Murray,  engineer,  was  horn  in  West  Virginia  in  i,S4S  and  arrived  on  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  steamship  (•iriuuta,  on 
whicli  he  remaiiiecl  four  years  and  eight  months  and  was  tlieii  transferred  to  the  Cilv  nl  Paiimiia,  .Xfter  ninning  in  the  I'aeific  Mail 
Sleaiiiliip  Company's  emphiy  he  went  to  I'unet  .Sound,  where  he  served  as  chief  engineer  of  the  I'.Jilh  for  two  years,  going  from 
her  I.,  ilic  steamship   '/'iinkiY,  where  he  ran  north  and  soiilli  from  San  I'rancisco  for  two  years  and  then  remained  ashore. 

"Capt.  William  !•;.  dregory  was  horn  in  Duhlin,  Ireland,  in  1S4S,  came  to  New  York  in  1S65,  and  conimenceil  his  marine 
career  1111  coasting  steamers,  afterward  sailing  in  the  .Swallowtail  line  of  packets  as  seaman  and  third  mate.  He  followed  the  sea 
in  tin-  merchant  st-rviee  for  over  twenty  years,  running  as  third  mate  on  the  ships  .biiii iniii  I'niiiii,  I'Iriiwiilh  A'oii:  and  -Virc 
"'«'//,  second  male  on  tlie  barks  Culomn,  St'iiiinoli',  daiihl,  I'ltlianI,  SI.  Mark  and  hanc  /vViv/,  first  mate  on  the  H'ii.i/iiiig/<in, 
hced'iii.  Ciillivaloi  AhX  //ixliliiiiit  I. i,i;lil  nwiiWxii  Peruvian  steamer  .^faiia  f.oiiis,!.  In  kS7,s  he  was  on  the  shi|i  (.'»;«(•/ when  she 
liurih  1  otrCapc  Horn,  and  was  piekeil  ui)  tiy  the  liritish  ship  l.atoiia  and  landed  in  Holivia.  Cajitain  Gregory  came  to  the  Cohitnliia 
Rive;  on  the  liark  llixliUviii  l.i)!;lit  ahoiil  ten  years  ago  and  joined  the  steamer  Manzanita,  remaining  witli  her  for  nearly  ten  years, 
llie  l,,si  three  of  whicli  he  lia.s  had  command. 


,  Sr(.;.A.MHl'       Man/.\mtv" 


U  If 
'V 


\  \ 


?!      I 


I    I 


ii>^ 


Lewis  4  Dr^den  a  Marine  History  of  the  Paoiflo  Northwest 


ha, 


CAPT.   W.   a.   i'.KKCH 


assistant.     OreRory  was  succeeded  by   Ridmrdsoii,   with  Harry  Lord,  chief  engineer,  and  Altwrt  kickanls," 

first  assistant.     Tiiey  retained  tlieir  positions  until  llic  new   steamer  Cohimbiiic  was  lnnnKht  to  ihe  Coast  ])y 

Kicliardsnn  and  I.ord.     Captain  (Iregory  was  then  nivcn  clinr^f  of  tile  flfiiir.diiild,  with  Kickards,  chii'f  enKiiieer. 

The  Mitiiziinilii  is  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  feet  Iouk,  twenty-six  feet  hcani,  eleven  feet  eight  inches  hold,  with 

euKincs  twenty-two  and  thirty-six  hy  thirty-four  inches.     While  in  ,ser 

vice  in  the  California  district  she  was  in  charge  of  Cnpt.  David  Davis." 
Two  small  steamers  appeared  on   Kootenai  Lake  in  |S,S6.     The 

first  of  these,  the  Sf<okaiu\   was  hrought  in  hy  a  man  named   l.undy, 

who  kept  her  there  until  fall  and  then  took  her  to  I.ake  Tend  d'Oreille, 

where  she  ran  for  a  short  time  and  was  then  taken  to  Ctiur  d'Alene 

I.ake,  where  she  capsized  and  drowned  three  or  four  people.     She  was 

less  than  thirty  feet  long  and   was  moved  around  without  much  diffi- 
culty.    The  steamer   .lAn/i/r  was  brought  out  from   Ivngland  by  the 

reclamation  company  engaged  in  improving  the  lands  along  the  Kootenai 

I.akc  an<l  River.     She  was  taken  in  over  the  trail  from  Kootenai  station 

on   the    Xortherii    Pacific   to    Honner's    Ferry,    Idaho,    where   she   was 

launched  and  remained  for  several  years.     T.   II.   Davis  was  her   last 

owner.     The  Idaho,  another  small  propeller  with  a  penchant  for  travel- 
ing, was  launched  at  Medical  I.ake  in  1886,  shortly  afterward  going  to 

I.ake  CiLur  d'Alene  and  thence  into  Kootenai  I.ake.     She  was  about 

thirty-five    feet    long   and   is   still   engaged   on    the    lake   near    Kaslo. 

Okanagan  I.ake  was  also  favored  with  the  presence  of  a  steam  y:icht, 

the  Maiy  Victoria  (ireenlwa\  launched  April  21st  by  T.  I).  Short,   the 

entire  name  being  carried  on  a  hull  le.ss  than  twenty-four  feet  in  length. 
The  /,(ii,  which  came  to  this  Coast  as  the  revenue  cutter  Kcliaiuc, 

was  operated  by  the  Sitka  Trading  Company  along  the  northern  coast  in   i8Sr.,   with  Captains  Gardiner  and 

I.ennen.     The  Lio  was  built  at  Baltimore  in   18^.3,  and  after  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  was  coudemntd  by  llii.' 

Government  and  .sold  to  Captain  Tichnor.  who  rigged  her  as  a  schooner 
and  operated  her  between  San  Fraiici.sco  and  Humboldt.  She  was 
unsuccessful  there  and  was  then  bought  by  the  trading  company,  who 
ran  her  first  as  a  schooner  and  then  e(|uipped  her  with  the  engines  from 
the  Wilt/jiVOt/.  Captain  Rodgers  of  \'ictoria  then  assumed  coiiiiiiMiul 
and  was  succeeded  l)y  Wagner  and  King,  the  latter  taking  Dr.  Jackson 
from  Southeast  to  Western  Alaska.  When  the  J.ro  returned  fmiu  lliat 
trip  I.eunon  took  her  to  Port  Towusend,  and  after  handling  her  for  :i 
.short  time  was  succeeded  by  Capt.  Harry  Gillespie.  She  struck  a  mck 
in  Port  Houghton  Hay  in  November,  i,SS,S,  and  sank.  The  ciij^iiies 
were  removed  ami  remained  for  several  years  m  die  warehouse  at  Sitka. 
The  sternwheel  steamer  d/adys  was  built  for  the  Fraser  River  trade  in 
1886.  She  has  been  in  charge  of  Capt.  H.  II.  Hurr"'  most  of  the  liiiie 
since  her  completion,  and  is  still  engaged  on  the  river.  The  slcanier 
San/oinv  sailed  from  Victoria,  March  6th,  for  Mazatlan,  vSan  lilas  ritul 
Manzanillo  under  charter  to  a  Mexican  navigation  company.  'I'lie 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  which  had  reached  its  western  teriiiiiuis  at 
Port  Moody,  or,  as  it  is  now  called,  Vancouver,  I!.  C,  received  its  first 
tea  shipment  July  26th,  the  Atuerican  bark  I/'.  />.  F/iii/,  79,3  tons. 
Captain  Pearsons,  arriving  from  Vokohania  after  a  passage  of  thirty-five 
days  with    17,4,^^  half  chests  of  that  commodity.     The  German  hark 

/ic/sfia  arrived  a  few  weeks  later  with  ,^30  tons  of  tea  after  a  record-breaking  passage  of  twenty-two  and  a  half  clays 

from  Yokohama  to  Cape  Flattery. 


Ar.HKHr    KlCK.\HI)9 


•'  Alljurt  Rickarils,  engineer,  was  Imrii  in  Porllanil,  Or.,  in  1859.  .ind  lieKan  liis  marine  career  witli  tlic  Pacific  Mail  Ste.iiMship 
Company  in  iSHo.  sailing  out  of  San  I'-rancisco  on  ttie  steamship  Colimti.  He  was  afterward  on  tlie  steamslii])S  Willainettt\  )'ii</ii!iiii 
City,  Sail  Jose,  Wliitestwro  and  il'cst  Const,  leaving  deep  water  for  a  short  time  and  goinj^  to  Pn^et  .Sound,  where  lie  was  ein]>loyeil 
on  the  steamers  Lone  Fislirnnan,  Piaii.  Srnttlr,  WiHif,  Celilo,  lulith  and  Sncirss.  He  was  also  chief  en>;ineer  of  tlic  sU;uncr 
AV;ir//)',  Koing  witli  her  from  tile  Columl)ia  River  to  tlie  KnssalotT  River  in  Western  Alaska.  In  1.S86  he  joined  the  I'nited  .'Elates 
steamer  Maiiznnita  as  assistant  engineer  and  has  remained  with  her  conlinnonsly  since,  for  the  last  tlirce  y^.rs  filling  the  ])o^iiioii 
of  chief  engineer. 

-'Capt.  David  Davis  was  born  in  Wales  in  1.S31  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Co.ast  in  1S54  as  second  mate  on  the  steamer  ./w> 'vVii. 
with  which  he  reniaineil  about  fonr  years.  He  was  afterward  third  mate  of  the  steamsliip  Rcpiihtic  in  the  China  trade,  and  alsc  -.rived 
as  second  and  first  mate  on  the  steamships  ihi::aba,  Ni't'iiilii,  Los  .lii^t'lt'S  and  Pocifw.  I'or  the  past  fourteen  years  he  has  Iit'cii  in 
the  lighthouse  service.  He  was  master  of  the  flfanzaiiita  for  two  years,  until  she  was  sent  north,  and  then  took  the  Mihlroiiii, 
which  he  has  since  commanded. 

'''Capt.  Hans  Harford  Burr  was  born  in  1855.  He  began  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  in  1868  on  the  Praser  Ri\er  as 
deckhand  on  the  old  sternwheel  steamer  Hopt',  afterward  running  on  her  as  watchman  and  then  as  mate.  Among  other  stt-.tmers 
he  has  been  engaged  on  are  the  Utloctt,  Oii7o,ird,  Koyat  City,  Retinncc,  (Slcnoia,  (hin,  Victoria,  .Idelaidc  ani\  dtadys.  lie  was 
master  of  the  latter  steamer  six  years  and  of  the  Victoria  and  .li/ctaiite  fonr  years. 


Wl'    1 


New  Stoamen  nn  Inturinr  Watrrn,    Tremeinlnun  /osscs  by  Marinv  Dtnnfttrra 


,V10 


The  Coltiinbin  River  grain  fleet  for  iHHfi  incUided  one  hutulred  ami  fivi'  Uritish  Imrks  and  thirly-ff)ur  sliips, 
twci  Anicricaii  liarks  uiid  nine  sliips,  one  Norwi'^iiiii  sliip  and  tliree  Oerinaii  linrlts.  As  in  tlie  previous  year,  tlie 
■////.'(•  /;".  Sloibmf:  was  tiie  larxest,  wliile  liie  Hrilisli  Itarlj  K'iiij^dom  ii/  Sawny.  s.^H  tons,  was  tlie  smallest  of  the 
ves-.L'ls.  Ninety  were  over  i,()(K),  forty-seven  over  1,200,  twenty-three  over  i,4ck),  cIkIu  over  i,6ihi,  and  six  over 
1,71.  1  tons.  One  hundred  and  twenty-nine  carried  wheat  and  twenty-three  flour,  while  two  handled  both  wheat 
iUiil  llour.  Shippers  were  as  follows  ;  Sihson,  nnackeiilmsh  iS:  Co.,  forty-nine  cargoes  ;  C.  Ciesar  iS:  Co..  forty-four  ; 
Italliiur,  Guthrie  iSc  Co.,  thirty-nine  ;  Portland  Flour  Mills  Company,  nine  ;  Mrver,  Wilson  iS:  Co.,  live  ;  Allen  iS: 
I.euis,  three  ;  Reid  \  Co.,  two  ;  Steel  iV  Co.,  McDonald  iS:  Scluval>aeher,  ami  l,aiillaw  it  Co,,  one  each.  I'uget 
Sound,  which  had  commenced  foreign  grain  shipments  in  iSHi,  cleared  three  cargoes  in  iH.'H'i,  the  American 
ships  /amis  Diummond,  l,,s.S7  tons,  lloijiimiii  /■'.  /'mkinj.  2,117^,  and  .hlisatt,  i.Kn).  constituting  the  fleet. 

A  uund)er  of  fine  sailing  vessels  were  launched  in  i,s,s6,  Hall  Itrothersof  Port  Hlakely  heading  the  list  with 
llie  three-masted  schooners  U'  .V.  liowiif  and  <  owe/,  the  harkentine  .S.  N.  Casl/c,  and  the  Hnwuiiau  steamers 
K'li//'/'' ami  .Uihilialii.  The  harkentine  /'lon/rr.  .pjH  ions,  was  built  at  Port  I.ndlow,  and  the  sealing  .schooner 
.•////<•  /.  Al);ei,  75  tons,  at  Seattle.  The  schooner  iVinrlly,  5^4  tons,  was  constructed  at  North  Hend  for 
A.  M-  Simpson,  who  also  completed  the  tug  7'rmr/<'r  at  the  same  place.  The  '/)inr/<r  was  one  hundred  and  six 
feel  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  ten  feel  nine  inches  hold,  and  is  still  in  active  service,  having  been  engaged  in  all 
the  liar  harbors  in  the  Northwest.  The  .schooner  .U/oii,  H\  tons,  was  launched  at  Marshfield.  The  first  master's 
.111(1  pilot's  licen.se  ever  issued  to  a  woman  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was  granted  Mrs.  Minnie  Hill  "  in  i,s,S6.     The  young 


1  .y  had  been  jireviously  engaged 
scvvral  years  and  was  thoroughly 
The  property  lost  by  ship- 
ami  a  number  of  lives  were  sacri- 
Ld^Y,  owned  by  the  Portland 
sailed  by  Capt.  John  Ivxon,  with 
North  Mcach,  about  eight  miles 
(luring  a  thick  fog  January  y\,  and 
Chinese  cook  were  drowned.  The 
liuilt  on  the  Sound  in  iS.s,^  and 
icait  ship  /i>/iii  A'onii/M,  2,2().S 
arcliilecture  as  ever  floated,  was 
February  lyth,  by  the  lug  '/'iKVii/a. 
wa>  less  than  two  years  old  and  at 
from  Nanaimo  to  San  Francisco 
drawing  twenty-six  feet  six  inches 
I'eet.  The  tug,  with  but  twelve  feet 
and  was  towing  her  at  a  six-knot 
wlitii  the  tide  receded  broke  her 
Captain  Haker  at  once  stripped  her 
she  was  left  to  her  fate.     She  was 


Cai'T.  Minnik  Mir. I. 


with  her  husband  on  steamers  for 
conversant  wi  th  the  business. 
wreck  in  18M6  ran  into  tlie  millions, 
ficed.  The  schooner  Carrie  /I. 
Deep-sea  Fishing  Company,  and 
a  crew  of  five  men,  stranded  on 
north  of  the  Columbia  River, 
Captain  Kxon,  A.  Jamison  and  the 
ves.sel  was  a  total  loss.  She  was 
valued  at  about  S.^,o<hi.  The  Ainer- 
totis,  as  fine  a  specimen  of  marine 
towed  on  a  reef  near  Satiirna  Island, 
Captain  Cameron.  The  Konnfiid 
the  time  of  the  disaster  was  en  route 
with  ,1,9'>,S  tons  of  coal.  .She  was 
of  water  and  struck  in  twenty-one 
draught,  had  ]>asscd  over  the  reef 
rate.  She  struck  at  high  water  and 
back  and  filled  i  111  media  tely  , 
of  the  rigging,  furniture,  etc.,  and 
valued    at   #150,000,  Sewell  i\:  Co. 


holding  a  .seven-eighths  interest,  the  balance  being  owned  by  the  man  whose  name  she  bore.  The  tug  is  said  to 
have  been  nearly  two  miles  out  of  her  course  when  the  accident  happened.  \V.  I).  I-ogan  '  chartered  the  steamer 
liiiivcr  and  secured  a  cargo  of  coal  from  the  wreck.  The  American  barkeiitine  /\'//s<i/>,  Capt.  David  Robiii.sou,  for 
Melbourne  from  Port  Gamble,  was  wrecked  on  Palmerton  Island  at  !:,^o  A.  M.,  May  2,vl-  The  A'ilsup  was  built  at 
I'orl  Ludlow  in  i.SSi  and  was  valued  at  $4(),o(i().  The  crew,  thirteen  in  number,  reached  shore  in  .safety.  The 
.\iiiericau  bark  Sierra  Nevada,  the  first  of  a  large  fleet  of  coal  ves.sels  which  met  with  disaster  in  the  winter  of 
i.S.S(i-,S7,  sailed  from  Seattle,  September  k;,  i.ssr>,  in  cominand  of  Capt.  F.  H.  de  la  Roche,  with  a  crew  of  twelve 
men.  She  passed  Cape  Flattery  on  the  twentieth  and  was  never  sighted  again.  No  wreckage  was  found,  and 
her  fate  adds  one  more  to  the  long  list  of  mysteries  which  have  made  .so  in.iny  dark  pages  in  marine  records  in  the 
Northwest.  The  American  ship  7'niiiiif>/iaiil,  Captain  Lawrence,  while  oil"  Cape  b'lattery  twenty-four  hours  after 
the  Sierra  jYevada  passed  out,  encountered  a  terrific  northern  gale,  accompanied  with  a  heavy  sea,  and  the 
supposition  is  that  the  Sierra  AWada  foundered  in  that  gale,  and  the  fearful  sea  running  prevented  any  of  the 
crew  escaping  in  the  boats.  The  ves.sel  was  of  but  ^64  tons  burden,  was  twenty-three  years  old,  and  deeply  loaded 
with  i.2(Hj  ions  of  coal,  a  fact  which  probably  had  much  to  do  with  her  disappearance. 

'"Capt.  Minnie  Hill,  who  iiijoys  the  disiiiiclion  of  lieinj,'  Uie  only  sleainliont  captain  of  licr  sex  wesl  of  llie  Mississippi  River, 
was  liorn  in  Albany,  Or.,  in  l86v  Slie  conmieiiccd  sluiiiiilioaliiiK  willi  lior  liiislianil,  Capl.  Charles  Mill,  on  the  Coluniliia  Kiver 
sltdiiier  (,'orerii(ir  A'c,-.r//.  Tlie  yoiiii^'  lady  mastered  the  details  of  steaiiiboatin^'  with  hut  liltle  troiihle  and  in  due  season  received 
a  re;:iilar  license  perniiltiiiK  her  to  take  full  charge  of  :i  steamer.  She  has  been  remarkably  successfnl  in  her  calling  and  has 
liaiiilled  the  (ioreniiir  iVerce/i  for  the  past  eight  years,  her  husband  running'  most  of  the  time  as  engineer. 

"  \V.  I).  I.ogan,  engineer,  was  born  in  rcnnsylvania  in  1.S59  and  conimeuced  his  marine  service  on  Chesapeake  Bay  in  1,876. 
He  went  to  Pu^et  Sound  in  iR.Si  as  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  /.eo,  and  was  afterward  connected  with  the  tUKS./.  N,  Co/einaii 
and  k'ltiiiier.  He  left  the  Sonnd  in  i.Sqn  and  went  to  San  l"rancisco,  where  he  started  a  repair  shop,  which  he  still  owns,  and  is  at 
prcM  Ml  running  as  chief  engineer  on  the  steamship  Alice  llliuulhirj. 


^«:'i' 
ii'i 


f      !■ 


R! 


.Vio 


Lewi's  cf  Orydcn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


..'i 


C.APT.  John   W    UHUtiKS 


The  stcaiiisliip  />f(ftt.  while  (//  nvi/r  from  Knapptoii,  Wash.,  to  San  I'rancisco,  heavily  laden  below  with 
railroad  iron  and  a  deck  load  of  hinilier,  foundered  about  forty  miles  west  of  Cape  I'erpetua  about  March  171I1. 
The  /Vci/k  sailed  from  KnapptiMi,  March  i-jtli.  with  the  following  crew:  P.  Halley,  master;  K.  Donouj;li  first 
officer  ;  1'.  Murphy,  second  oHicer  :  M.  l^'oley,  chief  eiij^ineer  ;  1'.  Murpl.y,  second  engineer  ;  K.  Martin,  sttwiud  ; 
James  Thompson,  cabin  boy  ;  John  Thnrlow  and  H.  Throw,  firemen  ;  I.ancett,  Ro.ss,  Solomon  and  H.lll^(.■n, 
seamen.  She  cros.scd  the  Colunilna  bar  at  icoi- a.  m.  on  the  fourteenth,  encoinitering  a  strong  southwest  luceze 
and  heavy  sea,  which  had  prevented  a  nuiiilier  of  other  vessels  from  attempting  the  pa.ssage.  Outside  the  wuul 
was  not  so  strong,  but  a  high  se.i  was  running,  and  Sunday  afternoon,  when  Fireman  Thnrlow  went  on  watch. 

Chief  Ivngineer  Foley  told  him  that  the  pumps  were  not  working  liglit 
and  could  not  keep  the  ves.sel  clear.  During  this  and  the  folluwiiig 
walcl;  the  water  continued  to  pour  in,  and  at  11:00  .\.  .m.  Moiulrv 
morning  extinguished  the  fires.  The  vessel  had  then  been  hove  to  for 
half  an  hour.  Her  deck  load  was  thrown  overboard  but  failed  to  lighten 
her,  and  at  yyi  i'.  m.  she  was  abandoned,  the  captain,  .second  mate, 
engineer,  steward,  .ui<l  Solomon  and  Han.sen,  seamen,  taking  one  boat, 
anil  the  rest  of  the  crew  the  other.  The  boats  were  connected  bv  a  long 
line,  but  :it  ;,:oo  \.  m.  on  the  sixteenth  the  ca])tain  feared  a  collision  and 
cut  it.  .\t  daylight  his  boat  had  disappeared  from  view,  while  those 
with  the  mate  siglited  land,  and  by  rowing  and  sailing  reached  the  ontcr 
line  of  breakers  at  7:01  >  i>.  M.  on  the  .seventeenth.  They  stood  off  iimil 
2:00  r.  M.  on  the  eighteenth,  when  Second  luigineer  Mnrpliv  and  the 
/  boy  Thompson  died.      It  w:is  then  decided  to  go  through  the  lireakers, 

but  in  running  for  the  beach  the  first  breaker  capsi/ed  the  boat,  ami  the 
only  ones  who  reached  shore  were  Fireman  Thnrlow  and  Seaman  Louis 
Lancett.  who  struck  the  beach  about  five  miles  north  of  the  rmpipia, 
near  where  the  steamer  Tucoma  was  wrecked  in  iX.S_v  After  recovering 
from  the  terrible  ordeal  they  were  taken  to  San  F'rancisco  by  the  steamer 
(lOliinia.  The  Ihi/a  was  built  at  North  Bend,  Or.,  in  1.S83,  and  was  of 
about  ,^71)  tons  register. 

The  American  bark  //'.  //.  Hess,-,  Captain  Oibbs,  from  New  York  for  Portland  with  a  cargo  of  railroaii 
iron,  and  with  a  crew  of  .seventeen  men,  was  wrecked  on  Peacock  Spit,  July  23d.  The  captain  accounted  tor  tlic 
disaster  by  saying  that  he  had  stood  in  for  Cape  Hancock  light  until  by  cro.ss  bearings  the  bar  was  one  mili 
distant,  and,  when  he  wore  ship  to  stand  off  for  the  night,  she  struck.  It  was  the  general  belief,  however  that 
he  was  attempting  to  sail  in  without  a  pilvt,  and  with  an  old  chart.  Hundreds  of  .seasiders  were  on  the  beaeh  at 
the  time,  and  all  were  aware  of  the  critical  position  of  the  ship  for  several  moments  before  she  struck.  She  was 
soon  knocked  to  pieces  by  the  >ea,  but  all  the  crew  reached  shore  in  safety.  The  Hes.se  Ihioy,  which  now  marks 
the  spot,  is  a  last'-.ig  monument  to  the  carelessness  of  an  over-confident  captain.  The  Hissf  was  valued  at  over 
$45,1100.  with  a  575,00"  cargo.  The  steamshi])  /uii/i<in/  Cusf/r,  a  well  known  collier,  struck  on  Kosedale  Keel 
near  Race  Rocks,  November  23d,  commenced  filling  immediately,  and  was  beached  at  Pilot  Hay,  Pentick  Islai"! 
The  steamer  was  in  charge  of  Pilot  llniuhart,  from  Nanaimo  for  San  Francisco  with  2,300  uns  of  coal.  The 
first  officer  was  on  watch  when  the  accident  happened.  The  shock  was  so  light  that  it  was  at  first  thouglil  the 
damage  might  not  be  .serious,  and  she  was  accordingly  headed  for  Fsiiuimalt  with  all  pumps  going,  but  the  water 
gained  so  fast  that  the  engineer  notified  tlio  captain  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  keep  her  atloat  more  than 
fifteen  minutes.  She  was  then  lieached,  going  down  in  six  fathoms  of  water  and  ])roving  a  total  loss.  Her  ■•ister 
ship,  the  Ilvlton  Citsl/r.  which  had  formerly  been  in  the  same  trade,  was  wrecked  Januarv  r  rth,  twelve  miles  -.iiitli 
of  Fire  Island  light,  while  cii  loiilc  from  New  York  to  Rouen  witli  a  cargo  of  corn,  the  e-a])tain  and  ten  men  Insinj; 
their  lives.  The  liritish  bark  Sir  Jiuiis,li,r  /'niiii/y.  1  .o4()  tons,  in  command  of  Capt.  John  Thonip.son,  with  a  rrew 
of  fifteen  men,  went  ashore  near  Point  Crenville,  December  ist,  while  cii  route  from  Melbourne  to  Port  Toun^end 
in  liallast.  The  thick  weather  had  prevented  an  observation  for  several  days,  and  the  ship  was  running  on  ileail 
reckoning  under  sliortened  sail  when  slie  brought  up  in  the  lireakers  off  the  Indian  reservation.  The  crew  reaelieil 
sliore  in  safety  and  made  their  way  to  Gra\  s  Ibirbor  and  thence  to  Astoria.  The  vessel  was  twenty-two  > ears 
old  and  valued  at  5-'5.ooo. 

The  British  ship  Carmartlmn  Ciisllc  an  iron  \e.ssel  of  1  407  tons  burden,  stramleel  near  Nestucca  |l,i\  at 
three  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  December  2d,  wliile  cii  rout,  from  ,San  Pedro  to  Portland  in  ballast.  She  u  1-  in 
connnand  of  Cajit.  William  Richard-,  with  a  crew  of  tweniy-eighl  men.  I, ike  the  Sir  famsitjfe  Family,  th'  -lii]' 
had  run  on  dead  reckoning  for  several  days,  and  until  she  struck  during  a  strong  gale  with  a  heavy  -e  i  the 
c.iptain  supposed  she  was  thiity  miles  off  shore  and  eighty  north  of  Tillamook.  The  American  bark  A.',';  .S. 
fliiiYir.  Captr.in  Math.son,  from  T;icoma  for  San  F'rancisco  with  a  cargo  of  coal,  fouiuiered  at  .sea  :  bout  lilleeii 
miles  off  Cape  Flattery  December  I'ltli.  'iMie  b;;rk  encountered  heavy  weather  for  several  days,  aid  all  ■  '  lur 
boats  were  destroyed  except  one  twenty  feet  long.  Into  this  the  fifteen  men  dragged  themselves.  Mild,  \\\  iMiit 
food  or  water,  drifted   about    for   thirty-six   hours  before   they  were   finally  picked    up    by   the  German    'ark 


"Tffl 


Ntiw  Steamers  on  Interior  Waters,   Trewendous  Losses  by  Marine  Disasters 


34' 


n  below  witli 
:  March  17111, 
)i)noiigli  lirst 
rtiii,  stowaril  ; 
and  Hanst.-ii, 
thwest  lireezc 
Iside  tin-  uiiul 
ent  on  walcli, 
working  liijlit 
ihc  follounif; 
V.  M.  Mouthy 
1  hove  to  for 
iled  to  lighten 

second  male. 
king  one  Imal, 
ctcd  by  a  lotig 
a  collision  and 
V,  while  those 
ched  the  outer 
stood  ofT  nniil 
iirphy  and  llio 

the  breakers, 
e  boat,  and  the 
Seaman  I.oiiis 
f  the  rnii)(|ua, 
fter  recovering 
by  the  steamer 
83,  and  wa>  of 

rgo  of  railroad 
•onnted  lor  tlie 
r  was  one  niili 

however,  thai 
ni  the  beach  at 
lick.  Slie  \va.>- 
ich  now  marks 
\  a  hied  at  over 

Kosedale  Keel 
ientick  Islai-i 
1  of  coal.  Tin 
,t  thouglit  the 
but  the  walci 
oat  inoie  than 
Her  -ister 
Ive  miles  s.intli 
ten  men  losing 
in,  witli  a  ( rew 
t  Tou  n~en(l 
nniiiig  on  dead 
le  crew  reached 

eiity-two  years 


roil  Moltke,  Captain  Cox,  and  taken  to  Victoria.  Tile  Ella  S.  T/invrr  was  built  at  Hath,  Me.,  was  twenty-one 
years  old,  and  had  been  on  the  Coast  a  little  over  two  years.  ,She  was  owned  by  Charles  A.  \utson  of  San 
Francisco.  The  Cliilean  bark  Lilly  (irare,  a  composite  vessel  of  54s  tons,  became  water  logged  a  few  miles  north 
of  Cray's  Harbor,  December  aotli,  while  rii  roii/c  from  I'ort  Discovery  to  Valparaiso  in  command  of  Capt.  Charles 
Wall.  She  sailed  December  ulh,  passed  Cape  l'"lattery  on  tlie  morning  of  the  fourteenth,  on  the  fifteenth 
Cdnuneiiced  leaking,  and  during  a  terrific  gale  and  heavy  sea,  witli  eleven  feet  of  water  in  her  hold,  the  deck  load 
iiegaii  breaking  up,  and  the  foreca.stle  deck-house,  galley  and  forward  cabin  were  washed  away.  The  crew 
constructed  a  raft,  which  they  towed  astern  as  the  ves.sel  was  going  to  pieces  ;  but  on  the  nineteenth  they  lost  the 
rafi  and  the  bark  was  headed  for  the  beach  to  .save  the  lives  of  those  on  board  A  heavy  surf  prevented  them 
from  landing  until  twenty-four  hours  after  the  ves.sel  went  into  the  breakers.  They  were  then  rescued  by  the 
Indians,  who  came  out  in  a  surf-boat,  and  made  their  way  (>verland  to  Olympia. 

The  American  ship  llarvcy  Mills,  Captain  Crawford,  from  .Seattle  for  San  hVaiicisco  with  a  cargo  of  coal, 
foundered  about  sixty  miles  off  Cape  I'Mattery,  December  14,  i,S8fi.  The  Milh  was  a  vessel  of  2,70(1  tons  register 
and  deeply  loaded.  She  encountered  a  very  heavy  gale  December  i;,th  and  was  on  her  beam  ends  all  night. 
.\boMt  ,V'«>  A.  M.  on  the  fourteenth  the  inizzenmast  was  cut  away  in  the  hope  that  the  ship  would  right.  It 
carried  the  mainmast  with  it,  and  half  an  hour  later  t' e  hip  went  down.  Ivight  men  esc'aped  on  two  hastily 
constructed  rafts,  and  twelve  were  left  on  board.  When  daylight  came  one  of  the  rafts  and  all  traces  of  the 
ship  had  disappeared.  !  *n  the 
other,  Cushman,  first  mnte, 
and  Alexander  \'algreni  and 
Jacol)  Hrown,  seamen,  floated 
nnlil  the  eighteenth  without 
food  or  water  and  with  the 
sea  continually  breakirg  over 
them.  For  two  days  their 
frail  support  ca.  1  another 
seaman,  wdio  became  in.sane 
and  inmiied  overboard.  The 
niher--  were  finally  pickeil  up 
1m  the  iMajfstii.  Captain 
liergmau,  who  landed  them 
at  San   l'edii>. 

The  schooner  '///( 
hinilier-laden  from  Oray',- 
Harbor  for  San  Francisco, 
Aeiit  ashore  at  Peterson's 
Point,  April  /4th.  She  was 
towed  out  by  the  tug  //inilrr, 
hut  after  letting  go  of  the 
hav  ser  the  wind  failed  and 
the  current  carried  her  ashore. 
■Ml.  !;.-'ish  bark  IVebfool, 
\X'r'  Tacoma  for  Callao  with  .sru.oim  feet  of  lumber  and  joo  cases  cjf  salmon,  was  burned  in  the  Straits  of 
Fii'  1,  November  13th.  The  \{'<h/ool  sailed  from  Port  Townsend,  November  loth,  in  command  of  Ca])!.  Gilliert 
Ye.it<"»,  itiul  arrived  at  Cape  P'lattery  the  next  nioriii  ig  leaking,  owing  to  a  very  heavy  scmtluvest  sea  .\ 
p'Mtloii  of  the  deck  load  was  thrown  oft",  but  this  did  not  seem  to  help  matters  much,  and  on  tlie  twelfth  tlie 
crew  went  aft  and  asked  the  captain  to  j>wf  back,  as  the  slii])  was  filling  too  rapidly  to  proceed.  .She  was 
then  headed  for  Ruyal  Roads,  and  a  pilot  was  taken  <,ii  board  at  5  "<>  i'-  ^i  T-,eo  hniirs  later  the  bark  was 
reporled  on  fire.  I'',fforts  were  made  to  extinguish  it  but  without  avail,  and  at  i.'.m  i'.  >i.  all  hands  took  to 
the  boats  with  the  exception  of  Captain  Veatcs  and  one  sailor,  who  remained  on  board  until  driven  off  by  the 
intense  heat.  .\ll  hands  were  then  taken  to  N'ictoria  by  the  tug  /'ilol.  The  U'<-l>f\h>/  was  thirty  years  old  anil 
registered  1,061  toti.s.  The  American  ship  lielridne,  1,255  tons,  in  comniaiid  of  C.ipl.  J.  S.  Ciilison,  wi'li  a 
'■rev  of  nineteen  men,  was  wrecked  on  IJonilla  Point,  Novemlier  j^tli,  wliile  tii  >ci(ti  from  V-'ilniingtoii  to 
Usparture  Hay  in  ballast  During  a  dense  fog,  accoiii])anied  by  a  heavy  sea,  she  struck  a  reef  and  was  aftei w:'.rd 
pulled  off  by  the   'I'xic,  but  had  reeeived  such  injuries  ti'.it  she  foundered  bcl'oie  the  tug  <-ould  beach   her  and 


si  K.'\MKK 


>ll    ItAKK         ,\l  t.lAN^ 


% 


"Capl.  I.  S.  Cfilisoii  is  one  of  ^he  best  known  sailing  eaplainii  <ui  l!ie  I'aeitie  c'o.isi  anrl  is  'Iso  a  raiiiiliar  li>;iire  iii  .\tlaiitie 
port' ,  .\fter  die  loss  of  (he  lliiiiilnr  he  had  eoiiunaiiil  of  oilier  eoastiiix  vessels  111  the  Uiiiil>er  and  eoal  traile,  the  last  one  lieinj; 
till'  itld  liiirk  i'tiliiiihl'K  \v!ii''Ii  he  left  in  iHt>(  lo  lake  Ihe  p  isttioii  of  first  otheer  on  the  steamship  HttJ^^'ii,  plying  lieUveen  New  York 
aiiil  \ew  Orleans.  When  tlie  wlialeliaek  s'Miiier  ( '/,'r  it/'  Kviiiil  was  |il,i<ei!  in  siTvice  on  the  I'aeKie  Coast,  her  owners  seenred  the 
scrvi  es  of  Captain  C.ihson  as  hrst  ollii  er.  Wliile  the  sleainer  is  In  eliaixe  of  Ciiptain  llueknaiii,  who  is  a  new  man  on  the  Coast,  not 
a  Inlr  of  her  success  is  <!ac  lo  the  Iohk  expcrieiiee  I'ul  piaelieal  knowledge  of  raeitie  Const  navigation  possessed  hy  Capt.  J.  Is. 
Gil.  on. 


,V12 


I fwin  ('f  Drydcn'n  Mnrina  llislory  n/'  Ihr  Pucilk:  Nniihv/vnl 


liccamc  a  toliil  loss.     Tlii'  vivssrl  was  owiiimI  liy  Captain   Ntls.ni  and  (ino 
and  wns  ntulcr  cliaitiT  to  K.  Dnnsiniiir. 

Two  wfll  known  sti'anii'is  were  (k'stroycil   l>y   fiiv  on   the   Colnniliia   l<i\ 
Capt.  /.  J.  Ilatc'li  had  taken  to  tlic  lower  Cascades  with  tlie  expectation   of  lining.-  1 


I'crkins  iSr  Co.  ol  San  !■' 


, /.  ./.  .)/,(  Ill/ 


1(1  over  the  rapi 


1',  u 

els  (lUIMI)'. 


Ilhll 


une   iVeshet,   tmrtu'd   to 


tlie 


ater's    ed^e    at    thi'    hiwei   Casea(U-s,    May   -'^d.     Slic  was  insnied   lor  il 


wdiifli  was  at)oMl  all  she  was  wortli.  'IMie  steamer  \\'est/>i>ii  Imrned  at  Westporl,  Decinilxr  iMtli.  'I'he  sli  iinicr 
(hkidlKiiiiii  was  till  vietini  of  a  peculiar  accident  in  I'ortland.  She  was  alonnsiiU'  llie  Hijllsh  hark  ,l//i,iiii,- 
June  17II1,  lor  the  ])Mrpose  of  moving   lur  awa\    from   the   the   dock,  l>nt,  hclnrc  leavitin,  tlie   hark  caiceiuil  mikI 


came  over  on  top  of  llie  steaiiihoat,   sniashinn  the  pilot-house,  ho>;  chains  and  smokestack,   and  dam  leiiif;  ilic 
steamer  to  the  extent  of  sever.il   thousand  <lolIars.     Capl.   H.  A.  Ivnikcn  of  the  (Ifhliiluiiiii)  was  in  Ihc  pilol  Ikmim- 


at  the  time,  and  sccmiiiuls 


miracle  escaped  comp.iiatuely  iiiilmrl.      Despite  the  immense  wei^lil ,  llie  sh  muh  1 


supported  the  hark  until  she  was  linhled.     The  .Mlia 
owners  had  claimed  that  she  would 


was  mnlcled    for  the   dama^;es  to  tlu'  (hhiiiluuihi. 


Ih 


stand   alone   withoul    li; 
expensive  iieeidcMts  ill  iH.Sfi.     She  liroke  a  shall  when   loi  I  v 


The  steamship   Slttlr  k/   I'lililoiiiiii  had   Iv 
I  south  of  the  Colninltia  Kivci.  ,\piil  V'Hi.  n 


the  ^'/VX'OW  was    awanled    Jli2,5in)    for    tovviii);  lu'i    into    Asloiia.     Wlidc   inlerinn    '^i'"    iMaiM  i-,<o    harlior   limi 
I'ortland,  April  7th,  she  was  struck   liy   the  harkeiitine    I'iH llniid.  and   sustained   damages   amonnlinn  lo  s(  vc  i;i 


thousanil  dollars,  over  sixty  feet  of  lu'r  iron   liulwarks   heiiij^    l( 


.ir 


the 


Alhiiilii,  Captain   Warren 


driven   ashore    near    the    Cliff    House   iluiiu 


U;    .1    lieavv    lo).; 


Ml  dick 

f.i 


The  wlialiii);  l.:'ik 


l)e( 


ccmlier  I'lll 


thirty-six  lives  were  lost  in  the  lireakers. 


Several  pioneer  niari:ie  men  passed  away  in    iX.So,  the   liisl   ou   the  de.illi  roll  In  ni);  (."apl    John  lixcm 


111(1 


\\v 


was  drowned  when  the    (in  tie   II     l.(il<c    was   wrecked    in   J:i 


Joseph 


'//■«(•  oil  the  .Sound  in     1.H77,  died    at    Scillle,  March     iJtl 


lary.     (.'.ipt. 
Capl.  ,\.  1 


W.  Sinilli,  who   built  llie  sli:iiii(  1 


iilHslniie  of   the  steamer  A^ 


,>l(lhli  u:i 


accidentally  sliol  at  I.illle  Dalles,  April  J7tli,  and  liled  to  death.     .Stiainlioal    Inspeclor   \iKor  of  \icloria  dud  in 


that  city  May  f)tli  ;  Capl.  Charles  Iloli 


ill  I'ortland,  July  ,\i\  ;  Capt.  Setli  I'ope  at  St.  Helens,  Jiilv  2\i\  .   C.ipl. 


I,.  I,.  Siminons,   of  the  steamship    ll'ii//ii    Wn/ln.    at   .Sail    iMancisco 


uij-us 


•  \i\  :    I'raiik    I""aiiihaiii 


p..I.Ml:ir 


engineer  011  the  .Sound,  at  .SiMltlc-,  ( Icloher  1  ;lh  ;   an<l  Capt.  ( 'icor^e  Jerome  al  I'mllaiid    \'ii\emliei  J7II1 


ylf?' 


(  ii,\rii:u   wii. 

Tin;  Canadian  I'aiiik'  Kaii.wav  Companv's  Si'Hamsiiii'S  Inch  hash  in  Iturnsii  Chi.imiiia's  Stham 
I'l.Hi'.i'  Okhcon  I'acii'u'  Uaiiavav  Company's  Si'icamsiiii's  "  VVim.amkt'i'i'.  Vai.i.hv"  anh  "  I'!as'i'i;i<n 
( IKHCON,"  ANii  'ii;s  "  Uiiscii.r'ri',"  "U\N(;i;u,"  " 'riiis'n.i'.  "  and  "  j.  M.  Ccu.I'MAn"  'I'm;  Sti'Amhk 
"Wasiip  "    lirii.i'   ON    Tin;    Miudi.i;    Kivi;i(     Kuhiiinai    Lakh   Sii;  amhks     "  Siki'kisi;,"    "  (".ai.hna  " 

AND    "  III, in     lll'l.l."        I'l  CUT    SolND    I.IMIIHK     AND    Cul.lMIIIA    KlVltK    CiKAIN     IM.IU'.T       Ni  M  HH(  PI  S    I'"lNlt 

Saii.ini.  \'i;ssi';i.s  liiii.T  in  i'iih  Noutiiwhst  An  I'.riDHMH'  m-  Makinh  I)isasti;i(S  M vs'i'I'.kiois 
DiSAi'i'HAKANii'  111  tiih  "Sihhka  Ni;\'Ada"  and  "St.  Si'Hi'iM'.Ns "  Wi<i;(.K  iti'  Tin;  SiI'.aimsiiips 
"VAniir;A    Cnv  "     and    "  \'A(ii  ina     I!ay"       Canadian     I'aiii'K'    Sti;a:m     Na\ii;atiun    Cdmi'Anv's 

STHAMKKS    "  ISI.ANDI'K  "    AND      "  I'KIMIICH  "       STHAMSIIII'S     IN    'IIIH     N<  HM'll  WTSI  UK  N     'pKADK     IN     iS.Sj 
Till'.      "  T.     J,      I'uTTIiH,"      "tlNDlNl';"      AND      '  "riCl.lil'IK  )N  H  "        STHAM      ScIK  )I  )N  I'.KS      "MU'IIIIIAn"      AND 
"1,AK-Ii;"       S'I'KAMSIIIP     SHin'K'H     lisi   MII.ISIIHD     TO     C.UAV'S     IIAPIIOK       'V\i.    "Si;A     I.IoN  "    ON     I'l  (,h;T 

ScuND     Tiih.    "lI»s:,Ai.o  "    Shoots    i'iih    (."asi'adi.s     l'ri.i:T    SorxD'!;    Coai.    and    I,i  miu'.k    1'i,i;i-,'i' 
1'f:awm  I.  W'kiak   oi'    riiiv   "  A  iiriuiiKN  "      lioii.iii;    Ism'I.osion  on   tiiic  "lion   liniNi;"      I'.iikninc  oi' 
Tin;    I'lciri'  Soind  Si'I'A.mhu   "I,ii;i    IO-'ukson." 

I  »N' I  )|',U  i'l   I,  S'rumi'.S  ui'iv  m-Mv  in  miiiiiu'  <lfvcl(i|iiiii'iil  willi  llic  (iiiiipliliiiii  of  the 
Caii:iili:Mi  riirilii'   Kiiilwiiy,  Mini   :i  dii-jcii'il    U'vi\;il   \v;is   iiolii  r.pjili'   in  Hiilisli    I'Dliiinhia 
uiitiTs.      I'l'iiciinj;   llu'  consli  iirtidii  nl    llic   niannHicinl    sliainslii|is   /■.'iii/>ii\-,  .>/   Iiiilin, 
/(iiif>i<\\  11/  /iifuni  aiKJ  h'jiil'iiw  ,>/    (  I'ltiiii,  llu-  lailway  cuiniiaiu   s<-<'IIhmI  scviial  Atl.inlic 
liiicis    Id   |>ly    lirtwiii   X'anciiii  vci ,   as    llicy    liail    naiiuil    llu-ii    wi-sli  in    lirininns    o.i 
llniianrs  liilil,  and 
tile    Oiicnl.       'riu' 
liisl    visst'I    (if    till' 
new   (  )iiciilal    line, 
llu-  slcainsliiip    l/'\\ 
\iiii(i,     aniviil     at 
Vancouver,      June 

I  |.    r->f<7,    Willi    i,^},'<  Ions   of    nieiilianclisp. 

She  was    followid    July    sHi    I'V    llu-    /'ni/lnn. 

I  Mslcr  slii|)  in  tlic  Allnilie  Irailc,  (llliet 
traiiiiis  (il  the  line  were  ll'e  /'oi/  ,liii;iislii 
v\  /\'il  I  hloi ,  llie  Iwn  '  iitri  making  Inil  lew 

lup  ,   while    llie    olliers    leinaineil    in    service 

iiiilil  till-  arrival  of  Iho  new  sleainsliips.      'Plic 

I'.iilliiii  was  llleii  seciinil  hy  llie  N(nlli  I'acilii 

S|r:niislii))  Coniiiaii\   ami    allei    lnakin^;   a  few 

vns.i.M  s  iinilei   liei  oil!  name  reliuneil    to  I'.ii); 

iiml    wlieii-  she  was   leniiideliil,  'I'lianii-d  and 

■u|i|>lii'd   with    new  eii>',iiies   and    fill  ni^liinj'.s, 

l.nDiin  loi  the  Taeilie  Coast  a^aiii  as  llie   I'li/inin.     She  has  sIikh'  lieeii  le^nlaily  incased   in    llie   liade  liehvem 

TaiMiiia   and     the    (  )rii'nt        Mel    dilllelisinns   aie       leilr.lh,  tliiee   hlindli'd    and    sixlv    leel    live    inilu-.;    healli,  loilv 

I'll  Nun  inches,   deplli   nl    hold,  thirty    feel    loin   iiichc  ,    );ioss  l(niiiaj',e,   ,i,  I '''■./'' ,    with   liiplc  cxiiaiisioii  enj'.ines 

llnil',  one,    lillv,    and    se\'ent\M'-;,    li\'    lillv  loin    inclic.       .She   is  in   cliai(',eol   Ci|il     jojin   r.inlon,   U.  N.   U  ,'  ami 

'  ('.i|i|  liijiil  r  I II  Inn,  IS  :slel  fif  II  ir  '.Il  ;illlsiil|i  t  h  fi'Hil,  \v,ls  liiil  n  III  ScnlljilKJ,  all' I  w.ls  l>>l  lll.ilu  M'.ir.  wllli  I  In-  W  llltr  .SI  in 
HI'  lllllil,  .rriillil  Mll'l  lilsl  ■  ill-  Mild  it'i  tllaslcl  I  tr  r.lllle  to  I  he  Nnl  I  liursl  in  I  S^%7  :is  lie. I  nllli  »  I  nl  I  III-  -,1  i-aill'.Ini.  fit  1 1  hi  it,  wllli  11 
'i''  ■'■  '  iwillil  I'nnilll.illli'd,  WllMi  llli'  /''lil/*l,\\  <'/  /n,/t<t  anil  III  I  SI'. In  slllp'.  ;i|»|ii-illril,  lllc  /'//////./  was  jilm  III  nn  llu-  Innli  hrlwt-i'll 
I. II  <  :ii.i  mill   [m  I  111  II  II I  'tri   lilt-  a, I.  II  I-    t'fi  /,>!  I<t,  ,11 II I   \\HH  SI  111  r  lin-ll   III  i  ll.il}M'  ol    i'.i]il]|in   I '.I  ill  nil. 


■■*-*P- 


I  ll.\M-.llll-    "  W'll  I    \MI    I  I  I-     \    VI   I   I    \ 


11  i; 


m 


«';iii 


,V1.: 


Ifwis  (J  Dryilcna  Mitrino  Hiatory  o/  //)(.•  Pitcillc  Nortlwufit 


l ' 


Cliic-C  IvnuiiU'fi  Thoni.is  Skinner,  and  t-imics  a  crew  of  einliteen  I'.nropeans  and  sixty-five  Asiatics  The 
/l/>i:s.\iii/(i  returned  to  the  Atlantic  in  iHi)i,  and  alter  making  a  few  trips  hiirncd  at  sea  Decendier  id,  is.,i  lui 
crew  and  passenj;ers  liein^  rescued  l)y  tlie  steanisliip  .S/>;vv 

l''or  a  connecting;  link  lietween  the  Cana<lian  I'acific  Kailway  terniinns  and  the  t'nited  Stales,  the  C.iiiailiiin 
I'acilic  Navijjation  Company  lonstrncled  the  steamer  /'ifiiiirr.  She  was  hiiill  liy  the  I'liion  Iron  Works  ol  Siiii 
l-'rancisco,  was  two  hundred  feet  loii^.  fort>  three  feel  Ixam,  and  ten  leet  hold,  with  a  steel  hull  and  wnmliii 
upper  works,  and  was  fitted  with  triple  compound  eii^jines  twenty  three  and  one  half,  tliirly-fonr  and  one  li;il|, 
and  fifty  fonr  ami  one  half,  liy  thirty  six  inclus,  with  an  eleven  foot  propeller.  She  anived  at  Victoria,  ()rlolnr 
Sth,  in  charjje  of  W.  II.  iMirKeson,  captain,  and  J .  I'.  Jackson,  iliiel  engineer.  She  was  at  once  pl.iced  on  tin- 
roulo  in  command  of  Capt.  iMank  While,  who  had  been  rnnninn  the  /'r/'/in.u  l.oiiisc  an<l  A'.  /'.  h'illiil.  While  w;is 
succeeded  liy  Capt  John  O'Brien,  and  in  alioilt  i.So'>Capt.  W.  (lillioy  was  given  the  c.iptainey.  While  i)i  i.iul,- 
from  Port  'rownscml  in  chaiHC  of  the  latter,  with  Iv  ('..  MaiiKhman,  pilot,  the  steamer  collide<l  with  the  steaiu--lii|) 
W'illaiiKiti-  off  Manowstoiie  Point  at  i:,V'  a.  m.,  October  H,  i.Sijj.  The  I'teiiiiir  sank  in  a  few  momeiils,  ami 
several  of  her  passengers  were  instantiv  killed  (see  wreck  of  I'niiiiei,  1S9J).  .She  was  afterward  raisid  1;\ 
Commodore  John  Irving  and  placed  mi  llie  \anconver  ronte,  where  she  has  since  been  lunninn  in  charge  ol  Cipi 
Oeorne  Uudliii,  uilh  'I'    ('•.  Mitchell,  eiinineei.      Her  n.ime  has  lecently  been  chan^jed  to  I'luiniicr. 

The  Minnie,  the  fust  steamer  built  at  \'aiii'onvci ,  li.  C,  was  laniiched  in  is.s;  by  J.  Iv  T.  Mile  lull  nl 
Seattle  and  is  still  in  service.  The  /liult;ir,  a  propeller  seventy  live  feet  loiiy;,  foniteen  feet  beam,  and  si;;  li  1 1 
hold,  w;is  1, lunched  at  X'ictoria,  ( htobci  loth,  for  Hare  .V  Oakes.  ,Slie  was  used  in  towinj;  scows  between 
NIanaiino  and  Victoria,  and  was  wrecked  1  >>  i  iiiibcr  1(1,  i.Scin.  The  underwriters  sold  her  to  the  owner.-,  for  jids'i, 
and  she  was  subseipienlly  laised  and  repaired.  The  steamer  /lasi-i  was  lciij;thened  twenty-one  feet,  and  as  llie 
A'((/«/'<>ri' coinminccd  rniinui^;  on  the  New  Weslininster  and  Victoria  loiite  ill  command  of  Captain  Caviii,  ulm 
reinained  with  her  until  l.Sijo,  wluii  hu  was  succeeded  by  Cipt.iins  James  (loff  and  Oeorne  Marchaiit.  'I'lie 
steamer  Miiii'i.  teiiv;lli  seventyeinlit  feet  six  inches,  beam  toiirtceii  feet,  depth  of  hold  seven  feel  six  iinhiv, 
was  lamiched  at  Victoria,  Oitober  J.'d,  for  I,.  (1.  I  )ninbletoii.  Captain  .Savary  was  first  in  chaine.  and  u.is 
succeeded  by  l.'uniiinnhain,  Uogers,  Marcliaiil  and  <illiei  captains,  ( '.eorne  .VIc( '.ienor  serving  as  eii^;ineer.  'I'lic- 
steamer  IhniMiiiiii  was  also  added  to  the  lleet  in  1H.S7,  ruiiiiiii>;  out  of  Vancouver  most  of  the  time,  and  in  is.s., 
w.is  operated    in  opposition   to  tin-  h'niiihiih'  between  Nanaiino  and  Vancouver.      Captain  Kogeis   has  liandleil   lui 

almost  continuously  since  her  <'oiisti  iiclion.     The  /\'iil  Slii>\  a  diiiiimilivi- 

propeller   tliiity  feet   loiin    iiitin<led   for  the   Sicamoiis,  was  coiiipleti  il  ;il 

'  Victoria   for    the  Columbia   .Milling   Compaiiv.       Other    small    sleaiiiiis 

appearing  in  the  Victoria  district  this  year  were  the  AV//,  l'.i|ii.iiii 
.\Iadili-n  ;  l-'.li  ,1.  Ml  I'h.iidcn  ;  and  the  lii\,  a  steam  launch  biiill  al 
Wrangel,  Alaska.  'I'lii'  ancient  llai.i-i  was  cominanded  in  iss;  li\ 
Capt.  (icorge  Hiowii,  who  made  a  few  trips  to  Valde/  Island  uilli 
emigrants.  Captain  Williams  w.as  handling  the  llnrhniii  llo\ii>:.ii  on 
northern  routes.  Other  small  steamers  eng.ined  al  V'aiu'oiiver,  Viclmia 
and  Nanaiino  were  the  /lii/,  C.apt.iin  Johnson;  /'.'/A/  H'liilf.  Siiillli 
l.otlii\  Hrowii  ;  Mitiuli\  Meyer  anil  Jones;  \\',ui(/sii/i\  Oaidiiiei  ami 
Trenchaicl  ;  Sii  Jiiiius  /)<)iii;/<n,  Cianliner;  and  the  tug  AUxniiilti. 
Pamphlet.  The  steamship  .Sr(/(/««r  i  was  purchased  by  the  Canadian 
Pacilii-  N'aviKalion  Company  and  plaied  on  the  route  betwieii  Poillaml 
and  Hrilisli  Columbia  points  as  ,1  feeder  for  the  Canadian  I'acilic 
Railway,  The  liaiiip  sleaniship  liiloiiio,  built  at  Siiiidei  land  in  iss;, 
arrived  at  Victoria,  Octobei  j.d,  from  Hongkong,  wlieie  she  was 
secured  bv  l>niisiiinir  for  the  coal  trade.  The  Sun  I'fdyn  was  iNci 
chartered  Icji  the  same  business.  Other  steamships  in  the  coal  and 
passennei  trade  between  ,San  I''r;iiici.sc<)  and  Hiitish  Coluiiibia  uciv 
the  /imf>in\  Captain  liutler  ;  .///<.>//,  Iliiiilei  ;  //  AV,  Crawford  iiicl 
lilackbiirn  ;  (.lOj^r  W.  AAA/-,  .\cklc\  .ind  lliiiilcr:  (i/v  0/  ('liislri,  Wallace;  /,l(ilii>.  Cairoll  and  Innalls;  .lA  'i>,<. 
I  Iniitinnton  :  I 'iiinli/id,  Mlaikbiiin  and  llciliiics,  W'lllnii^loii ,  Whitworth  ;  Wntla  Wal/.i,  Hansen;  and  llic 
W'illiuiii  ll,\  Hlackbniii.  The  1. 10,  Captain  I.ennen,  and  the  k'nilitk.  C'aptaiii  .\nclersoii,  weic  llll;nill^;  to  Al  1  I..1. 
The   \\'ihiihli;liui.  Captain  Ciage,  also  made  a  few  tiips  north. 


rnilM.AS    SKIN-NI   K 


Tliiiiiiiis  Ski  11  Her,  cliiereiiniiicLT  Dfllie  sliMiiisliip  t'iiliiiiii,  was  licirn  III  l.i'illi,  Sculliiiid,  unci  lias  lici  n  rliHci);  'd  in  I  lie  inaiiicc 
Imsilifss  led  l\\fnl\  six  \c-ars.      Me  was  a  picnaM-i  ciiLMMcc-r  mi   iIimm-  clin.-ie-iil    stc.ainshiii  lines  ln-lwcrn  (I.ina  .ctnl  llic  I'acitic   i  o'cil, 

v\ll4M<*  he  iiiri\c-c|  in   iSS7wilIi   lln*  /'//////(/,  rnninnv,   licl  w  c  en  Vat i\e(.aiicl   lIicciMfiil       I'lioi    Ici  Ins  actvenl    c,>;   Ihcl'aiilii   c  ,,,!sl, 

Mr.  Skillllet  ilail  ser\fc|  ini  passeli^el  sleaint-is  cml  cil    l.onclciii  ,in<l  l.calli   Icn   inaiu    \i-ais,  tilnl   li.aci  also  li<  i-n  (-ii>',.i^ecl   in  cii-c  |    -..ilea 
service  in  iiemly  ever\-  pari  cl"  tin*  j^lcilie. 

'(i*-c)i^<>  Mi'C.te^in,  engineer,  nC  V'iclctiia,  |{.  C,  was  lienii  in  Sccllancl  in  iH(n,  and  i-c)iiiiiiiin('il  sleaiiilMcaliii^  cat  I'.'tuaa^ 
Inlcl  Ml  iKSH  as  I'lininetT  (in  llic  Ahiiirl  willi  C'apl,  (',eor>^e  Mareliant,  He  wits  allerwiiici  on  llie  l.ollii'.  Ilt^f*!'  ancl  liu  I  ■  ^ol'i 
ea))laiiis  MnnriK',  Ilcilnies  ami  Nickersoii  lie  is  |iart  nwnei  and  enf;iii<  c  t  mi  the  In^  S<uiu\  willi  wliic  h  he  wiaki-'l  li»t  c  1^  ,iU-i-ii 
nionlhs  mi  lln-  «rerk  id  Ihc-  ■.liainsliiii  S,iti  /'ulm 


I  iinjf  lncrt::iHf  in  Hrilisli  liolnnibiii'n  Inhml  ami  Ooi'iin  .S'/i'.j/h  //(•(;/ 


.545 


ii;ili(s  Tlic 
I'l,    l>^'/l.  \m 

llir  l',ni;iili:iii 
Vdiks  (il  Siiii 
aiicl  uiiodin 
and  (iiic  liall, 
iiiria.  OclciluT 
ilaci-il  (III  ilif 
.  Wliilcwas 
I'liili-  III  i.'iili- 
lllc  .sl(.-aiii-.lii|i 
llollR'Uls,  ami 
nil  raisril  hv 
iar^;f  <il  (.'.qil 

'.  Milclwll  (j| 
,  and  M.:  Ictl 
'OWS  |jrtW(i-|l 
nei.>  1(11  5i  i'l. 
■I,  and  as  llic 
n  Cavin,  wlin 
iicliaiil.     'I'hc 

l-l    Ni\    illrllis, 

iim',  ami   U.I-. 

i^;ini(  T.     Till- 

■,  and   ill  i  ss., 

■>  liandliil  lui 

•,  a  diiniiuilivi- 

i  loinpli-li  (I  Mt 

nail    sti-aiiiiis 

AV//,   l'a|.l.iui 

llcll    lilllll    :il 

in    ins;  \i\ 

Island    uilii 

/!o\io:,ii    nil 

ivn.  Virldiia 

\'/iili\   Siiiilli: 

■  aidilici    anil 

H    .  til  \ II mil  I. 

llic  Caiijdi;iii 

,vi'i-n  I'm  lliiiiil 

adiaii     r.ii  ilic 

land   111  1.SS7, 

nil-    she    was 

'I'll  uas     ilsii 

llic  riial   anil 

dllinliia    were 

'lawfnld    mil 

■alls;  Ml  >ii,>. 

n  :    and    llii- 

ny\  to  Al.iska. 


<l  in  llic-  iiMir.if 

J,-  l';l.-ilii  I  "'iM, 
H-  I'inilli  litisl, 
.1   III  dc-f|'  «mUt 

inn  11"  I'liii  III''' 

,,.\    '/■/,i  A, mill 

.1    lol  1  1;  iili-i-ll 


'rile  <  JrcK'in  I'aiilic  Uailvvay  wi-n-  making  hiliU  (.lloils  to  islaldish   a  scapDil   at    \'a(|iiina,  and   incnaMil 
lliiii    Ik'fl  ill    1HH7   with   tliu   W'llliiiiiflli-  I'lilliv  and  luisleni  Oi-ii^oii.     'I'la-  lalti'i  was  a  li^lil  'lialt  iron  stiainslii|i 
limit  at  Ciii-stfr,  IVnii.,  in  iKH^  lin  the  Cliarli'ston  X:  I'lorida  Slfanislii|)  Ccini|iaii>',  who  iiilcnik-d  liii    to  intir  the- 
iiinnlli  of  till'  Si.  Jolin's  Uivi-r.      Slii'  was  ihiistiiiod  tlic  (  ily  «'/  I'lilnlkn.  Init  tin-  yillow  ItNii  and  tlii'  Irost  iilayi'd 
,111  11  havoc  with  thi'  toniisl  ami  oraiini'  IraiU-  that  she  was  sold  at  a  sacriluv  to  the  <  )ri'^;on  I'aiihc.      Capt.  < '.i-ornu 
I'alnii   was  luT  liisl   master  iiiukT  this  owiu-rship,  and   in    i.Sijci  she  was  piiichascd   liy  the- ( )i(j;on  Iniprovi'mcnt 
Ldiiipaiiy.      After  making  a  few  trips  lietweeti  San  l'"raiuiscii  and  the  Sound,  she  alternated   with   the   I'nmiir  on 
llic  V'aiU'oiiver  route  until    Deeeiiiher,   iKijl,  when   she  euilKl'l   fire  on  the  ^■ridiron  at   Olyinpia,  and  everything 
CXI  cpl  the  hare  liiill   was  ilestro>ed.      The   W'illiiiiulli-  Williv  \\.\s  hiiill  at   Wilininnloii   in    1  .S,H,(  and   was  fust   in 
cuiiiiiiand  of  Captains  Mall  and  Kelly,  who  weie  snceee<led  liy  I'alon  ill   l.SH(;,      When  the  (tie>;on    I'aiilic   hecaine 
liii  incially  Involved,  the  steamer  was  seized  in  San  hVaiieiseo  and  has  been  in  the  hands  of  tlie  court   most  of  the 
lime  siiiee,  the  receiver  ]ireferrill){  to  leave  her  there  and  to  perform  her  work  with  smaller  steamers,  which  ran  lie 
(j|K  lateil  at  less  expense.     The  company  iilso 
lilllll  the  Inn  Nisiiliilf,  which  was  hatnlled  on 
lliclMr  until  i.S.S.S  hy  Capl.  James  kiilieilson,' 
and  sniiseipieiitly  liy  VV.  J.  Kickards,  Chaili  1 
I'    l.ncky  and   S.  J.  Wheeler.      As  a  feeder  to 
lliiii    lail   and  sleaiiislii|>  lines  the  company 
cuiislrncted    the    ri\'cr    steamer    Williniii  M. 
Iliiiit;,  a  sternwlieeler  one  hnndred   and   fifty 
licl   loiiK.  thirty  two   feet   lieam,  live  feet   six 
iiii  lies  hold,    with  engines  sixteen    liy  sixly 
iiii  lies.     She   was   handlid    hy  Capl.  Cicorne 
Kaahe    until     l.Siji,    and     then     liy    Captains 
Uiilicrt  \'ounn  and    Miles  Hell.      In    i.s.;(   she 
WIS   cliartert'd    by    the    Oregon    l<ailwa\    iV 
.\',ivi;;alioii  Company  and   has  been   opciated 
lis  Iheill  most  of  the  lime  since.      The  sUaiii 

MliiiDiier    Sii;iiiil,   lenj;lli    one    hnndred    and  ,■,,,     „,, ,, 

lillv    feel,  beam   thirty  four   k-v{   limi    inches, 

ileplli  of  hold  thirteen  feet  cinht  inches,  w.is  lannchcil  at  North  Bend  in  1.S.S7  .lud  has  been  ennaj;cd  in 
llie  I'oastiiiK  Ir.ide  siiire,  most  of  llie  time  in  comiuand  of  Captain  Heudcnaid.  The  sleanier  was  operated  lor  a 
liw  nionths  between  I'orlland  and  Vancnuvci  in  ciiniicctiou  willi  the  Canadian  I'acillc  Uailwa\.  but  piuviii^;  too 
sliiw  lor  that   route  icsunied    her  work   as  a   lieinhtei. 

The  tn^  A'ii//i;ii\  leiixlh  one  liundnd  and  six  feet  four  inches,  beam  Uvciily  two  Icel  nine  iiK  Ins.  ilcplh 
111  hold  ideveii  iiet  two  inehes,  was  also  set  alhial  al  N'nrlh  Mend  and  has  since  been  employed  on  several 
1)1  the  bar  harbors  of  the  Northwest.  The  steamer  lliisllc  was  completed  at  San  l'"raucisci)  by  Matlhiw 
Turner  for  K.  1).  Hume  al  a  cost  of  ;j^i(,,i.iij  She  was  intended  for  the  Uogne  Uiver  trade  and  was  a  ilonble- 
eiider.  having  a  four  fool  jiropeller  forward  and  another  six  inches  larner  astern.  Her  dimensions  were, 
leii^;lh  seventy  two  feet,  beam  eighteen  feet,  depth  ten  fei-1,  with  engines  ten  and  twenty  by  twelve  inches. 
Capl    |oliiiX».  W'alvi).;  Was  placed  in  command,  remaining;  with  her  several  years.      W.  V,.  Hiown. 'William  fox,' 


Ii'iiii-,  allcl   having'  slinili;.; 

■il  NMi|iiiiia  liny  cm  llii-  liij;  /■',i:;>iilr  in  iSHs 

'^'iipl.  Jnliii  ^'  W'nKi^  was  1 1(1111  in  Sdi  vva\   111  r-  [S.      His  lit  st  111:11  in  c  ex  iiciicticc  w.c.  in   tin    Niiiwct^imi  Nav\     •>  (icic  he  was 
(-lll|'i<>\(-(|  lis  (lilfT  (111  tile  ^linlioal   l\'lliti>l.      1 1(- cmilc  l>.  lilt'    l*.ii  llic  ^dasl  in   l.Sd;.  Ins  lirst    service   llleie   U'liifi   as  Ill;iri     .in   tJK*  scdw 

"         '  ' i.'..i:..>  ....(.  ..(....(.  1 1  ■-  .     ...  •'--,.,    VI  als,  ,.il"t(.rw;iri| 

llKidlHT  III/,-      V 


■  ...c.  .' ^  ..,.»  I  >,<>  >,,.   ^.,1,,,. ....   ,^  i,,t,ri .      I  il   >  tiiiiT-  ,..  1 ,11     I'.ii  llic  ^  (lasl  in   l.sii/ .  Ills  nrsi    service   1  neie   iM'iiifi   as  Ill;iri     .in   UK*  scdw 

■■I  liiiiHicr  (■irrii.'fiiiul,  siiliseiiiiciilU  l.ik  inj.'  1  'iiihiimiiiI  nl  llie  sclKKincr  /•')  ll::i<ll,  willl  wllieli  lie  iclliailleii  lot  over  llirei    vi  .irs,  ,'ill|.ru:iri| 

^. .  i-     .  :         ■!  .  .1  .     .  ■  .1  >  ..  11.      .!• :...!.  .11    1    ,   ■ I  r..    .1 ...1.      .1.        .1.  */     /  w 


■■I  iiiioiicr  ifli'riui'iiKil,  siilisei|ii(.iill\  I. (kill)..,  I  'iiiiiiiMliil  111  llie  scliiKincr  fi  il::,>H,  with  wllleli  lie  iclliailleil  lot  over  Ihrei  vi  .its,  ,'illeru:iri| 
Mniii^  lis  niiisiei  i'lir  a  siniilai  IciikHi 'it  time  (ill  llie  s(li<iiiii('is  .llii  f  k'iml'nll  .\\\A  (  oiii  ,  i .  Ili'llicn  loul'  llie  scliiKUicr /A7/ •  V 
l\niiliiill,  wliicli  he  sailed  fot  iicail\  Imir  \c.irs,  (.vinn  Ikiiii  lier  In  llie  I'-l  ,V'ii///' 1111  I  ,V(i.(7<i,/i,  ii'iiiainiiiK  "illi  H"-  liiller  iiniil  iln- 
111)'    ////\/A'  was  (■(inslrneUsl.      Al'lei    leavilli.;   llie    r/mtlr  lie   Idineil   llie   sr»-alll   scllddllel    ir////(  (/((lid,  e(illlliiaii(|liij'.    I»,      iiiiil    Iln     I >r/ 

■N'."/(' allerilalelv  lllllil  Ucldlier,  iHi^ii,  win  11  li(.  lodk  llic  sle.iinei  .Suhi'I  ulijcli  lie  Iiu^  .-inct    .*iiccessliilh   li, 111. lied,  rm iil^;  In  wiiiniis 

jHMi.  Ill  Utet^dii,  Wasliinnlon  .iiid  (   ililiiini.i. 

■^  \\  .   !■;.    IllilWll,  cllvjilleel  ,   u.(.    lilllll    ill    San    l-'uillclsi  (i    in    ISIH    and    c(illllllellri-.|    Ills    Millline    si  r\  ii  c    111    I  SSj    ;(s   dilet    (in  llle 

sl(MrisIii|i  /.'i7j,'/(,  ^iilia'  lilllll  llel  Id  tile  t'llhlhll'i       lie  scr\eil   (ill  llle  (hii-t->l  loin   vi-iis  ,is  liliirnl,  seidiiii  .iiid    licI  assislanl,  .-illd  w.is 

111' 11  a|i|i(iiii|e(|  cliiel  111  llle  sleanier  /  ii/'w.  Il(  mIsii  Iu-l.,1  llliil  iiiisilldli  (III  Ihi-  Uu;  I'lii  .11.1  i\\  Ki.iiiic  Uiver  lur  11  lew  ninnllls,  ami 
I'll  'lie  DaHt  rmir  veiirK  Iium  liecii  in  eli.'irifc  iA   llie  eiiuiiie-i-vHiiii  (III  llii.  stiiiiav^lilsii  .-ii^trd 


,    ,  «M     .lie    sillllllil     /    linrrt:  i  *,'     ,,,sd    iie»"i     iiiiii      ),ii:,iiiimi    ",,     lui.      t  iii^      # 

I'll  llie  paKt  font  VflltN  llMft  Iiefll  ill  ell.ir^»e  iH   the  ell^ille-rvMdll  oil  llle  sleit««>llliyi  .-l^ti;i' 

'  VVil  lilllll  I'ox,  engineer,  of  I  Cm  pit*-  I  il\ ,  (It.,  was  Iiorii  in  *  Ite^toii  »t»(.l  l^rTti.ii  in  'he  iiiai  tin  set  \  iee  dii  !lie  did  ini;  t  I'liiiiihui. 
ri'tiMiiiiii^  with  her  lur  ne.irl\'  hiu'  veins  Me  was  iilteiw.trd  (■n^ia^^e(l  a-  nr^*!  i^ssx^ti.uii  and  etiii  I  (  n^ineei  iiti  llle  sieiiiiKt  ii'ii'ii^i'  II. 
f  >i  ;'hi\  1111(1  111  ih(.  l.iii.-f  !>'»siiid(i  nil  the  scliniiiiri  I htti.i!  i **w  .  and  i»»4i  nw'mii  bs  on  'he  iii^;  /./•«(/  /  .,  which  he  Iheii  cliatliMed. 
Ih  wan  iiilrrwiird  uii  tliir  Ui^  .  ItiHie  lor  liKlllveli  »i%nit>>.  anil  feuH  reeuili';   liMat  in  etliimK  iil  tlit:  e-iiKiiius  on  llie  I ln\lli . 


«l 


f* 


t:i 


if 

i 

f 


II II 


ii? 


346 


Lewis  (J  Drydtin's  Marine  History  -J  the  Pacific  Northwest 


v.  I 


1'cti.T  Mnrrigan"  ami  M.  Herry'  wtiu  aiiioiiK  lier  t•ll^;illeers.  I'uj{t'''  Sound  a(l<lt'(l  a  fine  tH){l)oat  to  tlie  toaslinn 
lU-L't  in  i«.H7,  till-  /.  ,)/.  Cii/riiitiii.  wliiili  left  Ihc  ways  at  Scalllf,  ()(-ti)l)cr  12II1.  Slit-  was  inti'iiilecl  for  lowing  at 
Oray's  Hailioi  ami  SlioalwaUr  Hay,  ami  in  tliat  survia  li'.s  been  liaii'llcd  liy  Cajit.  Cliris  Olsen.''  Iler 
iliinuiisions  arc,  l(jnnlli  sLvcnty-oni'  fict  five-  inclus,  Ix-arii  fij;lit'-;!.n  ffit  tVinr  inclii-S,  dc'iitli  seven  feet  (bur  iiiclics, 
with  engines  twelve  and  twenty-four  by  eighteen  inches.  The  tug  /'ioinrr  was  sold  by  the  rorttan<lers  in  May 
for$25,()i«)  to  A.  I).  Moore  of  I'orl  Discovery  and  taken  round  by  Capt.  Dan  McV'icar,  who  had  commanded  Ijer 
while  she  was  on  the  Columbia.  'I'he  tuj;  Miisliik\  on  which  Captain  (lilniore  had  spent  %2ii.i*»>  in  repair-.,  made 
her  trial  trip  May  27,  1H.S7.  Tlie  /.  //.  I.ihhy  reappeared  in  August  as  a  propeller.  Captain  Hritlain  li.iviiij; 
expended  {517,0011  iu  altering  .and  remodeling  her.  The  Pacific  N.ivigation  CoiU|)any  was  organi/e  1  at  Tai  ciium 
.March  7th,  and  engaged  Capt.  J.  J.  IloUaiul  to  construct  the  steruwlieeler  .S'/v/i///  f'/r/V/,  length  one  hiuidred  ainl 
thirty  .seven  feet  five  inches,  beam  twenty-six  feet  three  inches,  depth  of  hold  five  feet  five  inches.  The  stcaiiar 
is  still  in  service  on  the  local  mail  route  between  Tacoiua  ami  Seattle  and  has  recently  been  liandled  by  Ca])l. 
August  Hanson"  and  ICngineer  Frank  fironnds.  The  steamer /w»////Vv-,  length  eighty-one  feet  four  inches,  Iw-aiii 
twenty  leet  nine  inches,  depth  of  hold  nine  feet,  was  launched  at  Seattle,  July  J7th,  for  J.  Scoland,  II.  Ilaikiii-, 
and  J.  I'euny.  Her  original  owners  solil  her  soon  after  coini)letion,  an<l  she  has  recently  been  in  charge  of  C.ipt. 
Mlmer  Iv  f.ibby.'  Morgan  it  Hastings  disposed  of  the  /\'iisl/i>  to  liritish  Columbia  |)arties  and  aftcrwaid 
purcha.sed  the  Wi/ihroo,/.  (Jther  snniU  steamers  built  in  the  I'uget  Sound  district  in  f«.S7  were  llu'  A'uilli  /!,iy 
at    Olympia,   '/'o/a  .it    Ivigle    Harbor,  /lissif  at  Tacom.i,  /><■  //mo  at   I'l.ist  .Sound,  Jiiiiiii-  Juue  for  ,S(|uak   I.ake, 

/.iiiiKi  Mdiiil  at  Lake  Washington,  and  the 
Violcl  anil  /'al;an  at  .Seattle.  The  /..  J. 
/'(■n\\  constructed  at  Port  Oamble  in  1.S75, 
was  supplied  with  steam  in  1.SH7  and  is  still 
running  on  the  Sound  as  a  freighter.  The 
steam  launch  (hiavo,  an  Ivastern  built  craft, 
also  appeared  at  Seattle  ;  the  old  sternwlieelir 
/ip/iyr  was  soUl  to  the  Tacoma  .Mill  Cum 
pany  to  be  converted  into  a  towboat  ,  .nid 
the  steamer  Qitfcn  Cily  was  jmrchased  by 
.Stetson  iS;  Post.  The  livaufiel,  Ca])tain  Tarte, 
was  on  the  island  route,  and  the  h'orlli  /'mi/n 
and  (iio>i;r  /:.  Slarr  were  rnnning  to  Mctoria 
in  command  of  Capt.iius  Anderson,  Koberts 
and  Wilson.  The  ()/yiii/iui>i  had  been  leasid 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company,  vvlio 
rail  her  to  Alaska  until  October,  when  she 
.igaiii  took  her  jilace  on  the  Mctoria  route 
ill  I  barge  of  Captain  Auderscjii  and  Iviigiiitir 
\'an  Tassell.  While  in  the  Alaska  trade  she 
w.is  handled  by  Capt.  James  Carroll  miiiI 
Chief  I'jigineer  John  Melville.  The  steaiiKis 
/7/v7,.  .,/ aii<l  /■jiiiiiii  //iiy.iiinl,  vi\-\k\\  had  'imnuiiced  ihvir  racing  career  on  the  Columbia  several  years  before. 
engi^ji-d  in  contests  of  speed  ne.irly  every  ':ay  between  s<,ittle  and  Tacoma. 

.Several  ye  \rs  had  elapseil  since  a  new  steamer  liad  ajipearcd  on  the  middle  Cnlumliia,  Iml  in  1H.S7  tl.i- 
Columbia  Transportation  Coinpanv  ,  mI   which  the  Coe  Brothers,  well   known  steaiiiboatmen,  were  leading  spirits, 

'  t'etcr  Iliirri;;aii,  eiinincer,  wa.s  horn  in  lr»-latnl  in  18,(7  anil  fnlloweil  the  water  for  several  yi*;irs  on  llio  Atlaiillr  Coast  iiii<i  *tii 
tii^liimls  at  llie  niDnlli  of  the  lielawari-  Kiver.  lie  ninveil  I'l  Uii-  I'aiifir  CoaHt  aliniit  twenty  vi-ars  .inn  anil  jiiincil  the  sti-ain'.lii|i 
/)iU'i>lti.  He  was  in  itie  sti-ainsiiij)  servii-i-  to  Panama,  t'lima  anil  .Al.islta,  anil  llirn  went  to  X'irj^inia  ('it\'  ami  wurkeil  jislioii'  (or 
i-ij:Iil  ye;'.!--.  On  liis  n-inni  In-  joini-'l  lliu  ^1-  inslii|i  fhtit//,  willi  wliuli  In-  r.-m  iiDrtli  lor  aI)ont  six  inontli-..  Hi-  vvas  .'ifliTward  will'. 
Uii-  Inn  I  liisUf  .1'  Konni-  Kr.^-r  lor  a  year  aij.i  .1  hall  vjoiiiK  from  I  In  11  In  l.aki-  Tahoc,  whin-  In-  si-rvi-il  as  rliii-f  of  tin-  sU-annr  /.///</i 
lor  llirei-  M-ars,  ImiI  weni  iMck  to  sail  water  iml  ioincd  llie  /■'nitillnu,  rnnning  to  Ilnmliolilt.  Wlien  sin-  was  laiil  nti  lie  went  in.illi 
on  a  whahiin  rrn-se  as  rhiel  of  Ihi-  steamer  'I htstle.  He  ma'k-  a  lri|(  norlh  fot  ihr  ■  antu-rieH  in  the  same  vessi-l,  atnl  on  k-avhi^  In  1 
|oim-il  tin-  /riiiiiiillr  as  lirsl  assi-iant,  Koinn  "n  1  Mlialinij  voyage  lasting  -.i  Miiteen  months.  On  his  rfliirn  In-  joiniil  tin-  sic  anisliip 
//tntify,  with  whirh  Vm-  lias  sinet-  hi-*ii  roiinet  ictl. 

'  M.  Ilrrrv  I  iii'ineer,  was  ho  '1  in  Halttmon-  iii  iS)(j  and  arrivi-il  on  the  l*a''ine  Co.'ist  m  1S55  on  i he  ri  .i-niie  cutter  /  iuiohi, 
noinv  I'.asl  two  \i-»i»  later  and  retnn  hik  on  >tie  H'viiHi/n  in  iS^ii).  Ilir  ri'iiiiiniil  with  her  fonr  years  and  tlien  wi-nl  Hast  a^ain  '.vlnrr 
lie  IVV^iineil  luitit  tilt- .S/.  /!/«/ slnins,!  lot '.li»  I'oast,  when  ho  slii|i|iid  uvoile,.  I'or  the  next  dei-adi-  he  was  enniKeil  on  dilfcriiit 
Htvnot  Mhooner^,  .Old  was  for  at«iul  .1  \  em  .  hii-f  of  llic  Inn  /'lu\llr  on  >i'.-n[nu  River  bar.  He  is  at  present  on  tin  sli-aniei  .  Ilinz'ii. 
"Ca|>«  «  hris  Olsen  »»>  horn  In  \oiway  in  cS.si  and  Ijennn  sm  ,nn  ont  of  San  l-ranrisro  as  mntr  on  1  hi-  si  hoiniir  /.  vi.vi' 
ll'aiii/.  I  Mini  thi  IV  III'  wi'iil  In  1  |>ilot  lio.'it  on  .San  I'ramisio  liar  h.i  iwo  years,  lea\  mn  her  lo  inlir  Ihr  roaslinK  trade- on  llii- 
si-liooiiii  titHNv  ,Ut/i\  lie  left  h»*  lo  join  Ihi-  tiig  (  oli  iiinii  on  Shiial«nliT  May,  \vl:ich  he  has  roinmaiided  for  the  jiast  eight  v  irs, 
with  111  itili|l)artfis  a\  Vortli  Cow.  towing  on  dray's  Harhor  and  Uillapa  liars. 

"Capt.  .AuKiisI  Hanson  was  liorn  in  Sweden  in  i.Ss.V  Alter  folI'miiiK  tin;  si-a  in  various  parts  of  tin-  world.  In  arriiid  in 
;l*orlIanii  and  roiiimeiii-i*»l  sic-tmhoatinn  on  the  Willanietli-  Rivi-r,  Iron  Iheie  goiiin  to  I'uget  .Sound,  when-  hr  was  first  uii^jat;i  d  ai 
Ihe  steam.  T  )  utiiiiu.  Sittcv  then  he  has  had  i-harKC  of  several  well  known  steamers  on  the  Sound,  and  li  is  ifrenlly  been  enj',.i;;iil 
on  the  sti-arnrr  t  'hiPii  /ituwn. 

<  -tpl.  lUiner  Iv  l.ililiy  was  liorn  In  .Maine  In  is'i^,  arrived  on  the  I'nilir  Cnasl  alionl  1S77,  and  lii-nm  rnnning  hi-t«ei-n  San 
l-'raniisi-w  and  Coos  Hay  on  llie  sli  amship  /V///irw.  afu-rward  noin^  to  r^i^el  Sonn-l,  wlieii  In-  has  siini-  lu-i-n  ronneitril  wth  a 
luilMtier  of  hUiall  slcaniers,  his  last  Louiiiianil  hc-ing  the  /i'tiiitni . 


I     .M. 


I 


Laryii  Incrnaw  in  British  Columbian  Inliind  anil  Ocean  Stf:ini  fluat 


347 


Cai-i  .  hAMI'KL  A,    lln 


liiiiii' In-'<1,  at  Ilodd  Kiver,  Ih  IVa.uo,  a.  cr)iiiino(lii)US  i)ro]K;lliT  Dm-  lniiidrcil  iiiid  lliitly  five  fiet  long,  twfiitytwo 
feel  Ipciiin,  1111(1  six  feet  eiglit  iiu-lies  liold,  with  eii^jiiies  twenty  1)V  twenty  im  Ins,  and  slie  arrived  at  The  Dalles 
(iij  In  r  (irsl  trip  <  )(lol)er  2i>tli  in  command  DlCapt.  U.  C\  Coe.  Slie  was  employed  imt  a  short  time  on  the  ronte 
|(ir  which  she  was  intended,  was  liron^lit  over  tlie  Cascades  in  iMSi;,  and  a  year  later  sent  to  I'n^et  Sonnd,  where 
sill-  was  snl)se(inently  purdiased  l>y  Capt.  Samuel  A.  Hoyt,'    who  ran  lier  for  a  short  time  and  then  sold  lier  to 

Ca])t.  W.  H.  ICllis,  Tile  North  Pacific  I.ninher  Com|)any  at  I'ortland 
l)uilt  the  steriiwlicel  steamer  /'uiiiiif,  one  of  the  hest  towhonts  that 
had  yet  appeared.  She  was  one  hundred  and  forty-two  feel  five 
indies  loii^,  twenty  einhl  feet  four  inches  heam,  and  six  feet  six 
inches  hold,  with  engines  sixteen  hy  seventy-two  inclies.  Capt. 
fa,_  Thomas  Craiij;  and  Chief  IviiKiiieer  II.  J.  VViiiterhothani "  were  first 

in  ciiarj^e,  and  in  iSSH  Capt.  I'raiik  (iromids  was  master.  \h:  was 
siiooeeded  a  year  later  by  II.  T.  (lioves,  who  has  since  coniinanded, 
M.  Coates  sirviii^  for  a  loiiK  linu-  as  enniiieer.  The  steamer  .  \lii\hiiii, 
which  had  been  lyiiiK  'd  the  boneyard  since  her  arrival  from  the  Ivast, 
made  her  trial  tri])  May  .Mst,  with  J.  W.  Troup,  captain,  Thomas 
Smith,  engineer.  .She  was  shortly  afterward  placed  on  the  seaside 
route  with  the  s.ime  captain,  .\.  I,.  I'ease,  iiilol,  \V.  <',.  Dillingham, 
purser,  and  in  the  course  of  the  summer  eii^ajjed  in  several  very 
iiiterestinn  races  with  the  Tilephonr,  in  which  the  Oregon  production 
proved  a  trille  too  speedy  for  the  bij;  sidewlieeler.  The  I'ortland  lS: 
Coast  .Steamship  Company  was  ornani/ed  December  i  Jtli  by  C'i.irles 
i''.  lieebe,  I'".  K.  Arnold  and  Iv  U.  Stroiij^,  the  principal  object  being 
to  secure  for  I'ortland  a  larj^er  portion  of  trade  from  the  small  towns 
aloii)^  the  coast.  They  secured  the  .\lliaiu,\  Ihilftliiii  and  (iiinrnl 
.'///«,  remodelinn  and  enlarj;lu(;  the  latter  steamer  and  n;uiiin>(  her 
the  \\'ill<if>ii.  With  this  Meet  the  new  company  enjoyed  a  lucrative 
ti.ule  until  the  coinoi:  tic:,  of  the  railroad  to  Ciray's  Harbor  and 
Shoalwater  Hay  cut  ofl  iwc/  of  their  best  sources  of  re\eiiue. 
I'".  M.  Warren,  the  canueryniau,  built  the  fast  propeller  i'miliui  ;it  I'ortland  in  rMS7,  Tin-  I'liiilaii  was 
-.ixlv  cij^lit  feet  loii^;,  fifteen  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  liolil.  with  two  ten  by  twelve  incli  engines.  She  w;is  first 
ionini;iiidcd  !)>■  Cajit.  Charles  I  looglikirk,' '  who  ran  her  belvv  cii  S-iiid  Island  and  Cathlamet,  carrying  fish,  and 
iilteiwanl  by  h'red  (',.  I.ewis,  A.  1'.  Warren  and  W.  Iv  Warren,  .'n  i  Hc,2  she  was  boii;;hl  by  I),  h".  Drysdale,  a 
pniiiiineiit  salmon  caiiuer  at  I'oint  Roberts.     Capt.  V,.  W.  Sliencer  con- 

striii  ted  the  steanur  .Mann  at   Portland  for  use  as  a  ferry  between  the  , 

'ily  iiid  the  suburb-,  on  the  eastern  bank.  He  operate<l  her  successfully 
iiMlil  i,H,H(j  and  then  disposeil  of  her  to  h'oster  &  Sales.  She  was  afti  r- 
Uiinl  sold  to  Vincent  Cook,  the  Clifton  cauueryniaii.  and  handled  by 
1-'.i]p1  Wilbur  liabbid^je.  The  .llnnn  was  sixty-nine  feet  ei^jht  inches 
loiij;,  thirteen  feet  beam,  and  five  feel  hold,  with  ten  b\'  twelve  inch 
i'Mihle  engines.     The  old  I'mKOir.ri  was  jiurchased  by  V   li.  Jones,  who 

Cjipl.  S;uiiiu-I  A.  Ilovl  (il  Sc.'iUle  was  Itdiu  in  Hnsu.ii,  .Miiss.,  in  is^.^,  itinl 
All'  11  .1  \()irti^  iiiiin  fiiti'tcil  tin-  finiilin  ot  the  Ho^lnn,  Itiiltnimu-  \  Norldlk  Mcmii 
'i  :  ^'''inpjin\-.  Ill'  <  aiiif  In  the  I'.n  ilu'  t'nasl  il.  r>77  ami  ran  fm  a  slu.r'  tiiiu- 
''■i'.\' en  San  i'ralicisro,  I'oillailil  anil  I'li^i-I  SoiiimI,  li-avinj^  litis  rniitf  lo  cn^a^;!-  in 
^u-;inil,.)alin^i  "n  Ilu-  Soum!,  where  hr  lias  <  nniinamlc'l  M-\cial  well  know  ii  su  .iincis 
iii'i  lias  hafi  nnirormly  ^nn.l  In<k  with  r\rr\  vcss(l  wuli  whi<  h  he  has  itrn  itiii 
intliil.  Ill-  was  harbor  inasUT  at  St-a'llc  tor  Ihrt'i-  years,  anil  soon  aflei  letillri^ 
'■'iiii  this  position  pnrchaseil  the  steamer  U'ti^m  ami  opemleil  her  on  various  routes 
"HI  il  SeattU'.  Ca|)tain  llnyt  was  a  hoyhooil  lonipanion  nnil  life  lon^  frieml  ol 
I'llni  Hoyle  O'Ueilly,  ami  roouieil  with  him  in  Moston  for  a  iiiiinher  of  years  when 
III. 11  ^jifted  man  was  nnknnun  lo  lame. 

"II.  J.  Winterholham,  engineer,  was  horn  in  .Maine  in  |H,|>,<;,  at  the  .a^;e  of 
liflci  II  he^jan  HoiiiK  to  sea,  ami  on  his  first  trip  was  shipwreekeil  olf  the  eoasl  ol 
^^'  ■  I'lundianil,  when  he  was  one  of  three  resciUMl  in  a  erew  of  thirteen.  \'oniij; 
^^11  ■■  ilioihatn  was  taken  to  lilas^ow  hy  the  reselling  shiji  aini  from  tiiere  went 
''111.  Ill  M, line,  where  hi-  .'i^ain  shippeii  on  a  men-hant  vessel  for  X'ene/m-la.     On 

'!■■  11  iinn  he  enlereil  the  serviee  of  llie   Doslon   .V    Hannor  .Steamship  l.'onip;ili  v  as  "    I    Wisi  i  mn.i  ii  vm 

i'liiiini  anil  woikeil  np  to  the  jmsilioii  of  i  hiel  engineer.     In  the  wirit.T  «)f  ISS? 

-11  1'  ilii-'l  the  Uohimhia  Uiver  ami  sei-iiii-il  employment  on  llii-  sti-.-mier  t-'.dilli,  wlinh  he  left  in  a  few  tnonihs  lo  lake  a  position  u\\ 
■111  .  iMi-iiiiver  .-iii'l  Alhina  ferries  Win  n  I  lie  .N'ortji  P.iillie  I. mnhi-r  Company  hiiill  llie  sli-amer  /■,/««;'/  he  was  plai-c-il  in  ^llar^;e  of 
■I'-i  urines,  remaining  there  tor  line**  yi-.-irs  ami  a  half.  I-'or  the  pas!  live  \ears  In-  has  heen  in  the  serviee  of  the  \  amonver 
Iriin  .portalion  Conipniiy  as  ihii-f  engineer  of  llie  steamer  l.uitiiie. 

'Capt  Charl*--  JEoo^hkirk  came  lo  ihe  racilii-  Coast  ahoiil  iSSi,  havin;;  jirevimisly  lu-en  eiij^a^eil  in  sleamhoalin^  on  Ihe  .St. 
I'll;  1  Ohio  and  Missi.-..sippi  rivers.  He  was  in  the  employ  of  llie  Colnmhia  kiver  Transiiortation  Com|iany  on  the  steamers  /■'//■rliiinoit 
iii'i  Urf^/iintr  ri>r  several  vearB.  and  on  .,-a\in^  there  look  eomm.-nni  of  the  new  rttilltiti,  wliii  h  he  hamllt-d  sneeessfiilly  for  tw't 
\i-t'  He  was  next  in  ■  li»rr»-  of  Ihe  (  \<lt>ui\  rniinin^^  as  a  lerry  hetwei-n  .-\lliina  and  I'or'land,  and  when  llie  (-lerlrir  t-ars 
'il---'"-  111  that  lield  for  sleiiii|i*T    'n-  seriiied  an  interest  in  the  Itnlilii.     He  was  also  master  of  Ihe  steamer  Hatltc  /It'llf  for  a  shrirl 


ii 


.VI « 


Lowis  (J  DryJen's  Marine  History  of  tlm  FncHlc  Nnrthwvat 


!;'i 


iisc<l  the  macliiiit'iy  and  lioiisc  in  i-oiistructiiiK  the  A/drin,  a  towlioat  one  hiiiidrcd  and  lil'teen  feet  loiij;,  t\vciil\  inm 
fi'fl  lieain,  ami  live  ('eel  nine  inches  hold.  Tiie  steamer  Wallmk-i  was  hnill  at  Astoria  hy  J.  II.  1).  (liay  and  lulm 
(1.  Ulake  and  alter  johhinj;  aliont  the  lower  river  for  a  few  years  was  sent  to  Yai|nina.  Capt.  Wdliam  Keliliild  oj 
Astoria  foMDWed  np  his  former  sneeesses,  the  I'oyotr  and  /iiipnn'iiiinil,  with  the  steam  scow  O.  A',,  wiiidi  is  siin 
in  .service.  T.  K.  Jolin.son,  tlie  diver,  ei>mplete<l  llie  small  propeller  Si>f>/iiii  at  Astoria  for  use  in  connection  with 
his  divinj;  operations.  Ca])t.  I.ewis  (l.  Haaven  of  Astoria  lannciied  a  pecidiarly  constrncted  craft,  wlin  li  In- 
christened  the  J'nilii.  It  was  nearly  Hat  on  the  l)ottoni  and  was  desijjned  to  skim  alon^  the  snrliue  of  tin-  u.iiir 
witli  Kri^iit  speed.  Unfortnnately  the  new  deimrtiire  was  a  failnre  and  had  to  he  relniilt  to  meet  tlie  appiovil  i>| 
tlie  iiisi)ectors.  She  was  afterward  sold  to  J.  ().  Ilanthorn,  the  Astoria  cainieryman,  and  is  still  in  iisi  mi  tin- 
lower  rivi  r. 

The  steam  launch  /)is/>(itili,  which  is  said  to  have  cost  the  United  States  (Government  over  j^ido.och),  w.is 
sohl  in  I,s;-i7  to  ("leor^e  T.  Meyers  and  snl)se(|nently  sent  to  the  Sound.  The  /'A/k/A//  had  lieen  alleniaUly 
lenKthene<l  and  shortened  and.  trans|)orted  to  an<l  from  different  places  in  the  Northwest  for  several  years,  and  lor 
half  a  decade  hefore  Meyers  .secured  her  had  heeii  used  as  a  pleasure  and  dispatch  boat  hy  the  officers  ai  I'dil 
Vancouver,  Captains  Claud  Troup  and  John  Ja>{>;y  rumiiuK  as  masters,  with  Kred  C.  Hell,'"  engineer.  The  sli;jnur 
Kfsl/css  was  huilt  at  I'arkershinn  hy  Capt.  Oeinnc  W.  I.eneve  and  Hvan  Morgan"  and  afterward  passed  iiitu  lln- 
hands  of  Robert  p'redericks,  who  operated  her  for  a  numhcr  of  years,  A  small  steam  launch,  the  /uniiln,  w,is 
ciHni)leled  at  I'orterville  hy  William  koss  and  ran  out  of  Marshfield  for  a  short  time.  At  Astoria  the  Clalsii]i  Mill 
Company  launched  a  handsome  little  ])r(>|)eller,  the  '/'oiu/nin.  She  was  sixty  four  feet  lon^;,  sixteen  feet  live  inc  lies 
heaiu,  and  five  feet  one  inch  hold.  A  similar  craft,  the  h'usl/ii,  was  constructed  at  Ilocpiiam,  Wash.,  and  is  slill 
in  the  service  of  the  Iloiitiiam  Mills. 

Other   small    steamers   set   alloat   in  -   /  • 

18.S7  were  the  Smi  Juan,  built  in 
ICasl  Portland  and  afterwar<l  sent  to 
I'unel  SouikI,  the  llallie  at  Astoria 
for  I.  N.  llenness,  to  run  on  Shoal- 
water  Hay  and  the  Nasel  River,  and 
the  Moro,  a  steam  launch  with  a  five 
by  seven  inch  engine  at  l'orllan<l  by 
!•;.  R.  Willard.  'Plie  lliilli,  is  at  i)res- 
cut  owned  by  Otto  Hall  of  Ilwaco. 
The  steamer  Miihi\^n)i,  comiileted  at 
Portland  in  iS.S),  was  sent  to  Puj(et 
Sound,  Capt.  W.  II.  Hobs(jn  .nid 
luigineer  O.scar  Wilson  lakiuK  her 
arimnd.  Steam  navijfation,  which 
had  been  inaugurated  on  Kootenai 
River  and  I.ake  by  the  steamer 
Miidiif  in  i.S8f),  was  continued  the  fol- 
lowing vear  by  the  Siit/»i.si\  (mliiiii 
and  /HiK  Hell.  The  .Siir/»i.si\  the  second  steamer  on  the  lake,  was  a  steam  lauiuli  thirty-five  leet  long,  of  IvisUiii 
conslruction,  brought  in  on  wheels  b\  the  Kootenai  Mining  &  Smelting  Company,  who  operated  her  lielwieii 
Honner's  h'erry  and  the  point  where  Nelson,  H.  C,  now  stands.  The  (inlnni,  the  i)ioneer  on  the  lake  with  siiil:i'ik- 
accomnuMlalions  for  pa.ssengers,  was  a  twin-screw  pro]>eller  built  ;il  Honner's  I-'erry  in  1.S.S7  by  the  Konlniai 
Milling  iV  Smelling  Company  She  made  regular  trips  on  the  lake  and  river  for  four  or  five  seasons  and  is  lill 
in  existence,  with  lHii(l(piarters  at  Pilot  Kay,  H.  C.  Capt.  (icorge  Ilay ward,'' now  with  the  Colund)ia  \-  KonlniMi 
Navigation  Company,  was  her  first  master,  and  Hiram  S.  .Sweet"  was  engineer.  The  steamer  Ji/iir  Hi  II  was 
launched  at  Honner's  Kerry,  but  alter  making  one  trip  to  the  boundary  line  was  taken  to  I.ake  I'eiid  d'Oreille. 


It    V 


"■■'redC.  Kill,  eiinimer,  was  lioni  in  Ohio  in  i.Sd?.  His  liisl  nnirinc  evin'iirncc  w;is  iiii  Ilie  ('.Dvcrnniinl  slranicr  Pi./idlJi 
al  VanionviM  in  iS.Sj.  lie  left  there  aliDUi  |SS.|  and  fur  the  past  ten  yi-ais  ha.  hciii  I'lina^inl  <in  slranu-rs  <in  the  nip|R-r  I'lihiiiiln  c  and 
lakps.  On  Cum  d'Alcnc  l.aki-  he  served  as  ehlef  ennmeer  <in  tin-  .liiiiii,!  ll'hiiilnii ,  I  ulllillm .  I\,lh\  <  .'nlii:ll  Slii'i  iiiiin,  i  riii 
it' .-Unit',  A'lh'/rniti,  fi'ivtxtti  (>(i/v*\  and  a  iinndier  ol'  others  Me  was  for  several  eamths  in  the  eni|do\  of  the  Colmnhiji  vt  Kooli-iiai 
Steam  Naviv;ation  Company,  and  was  in  rharge  of  the  engines  on  their  line  steamer  ( 'i>lninl>i<t  nntil  she  hnrneil  near  tlie  hinuid.-iry 
line  in  is>|.|. 

"  ICvan  MotKan,  engineer,  of  Itandon,  Or.,  was  horn  in  Illinois  in  1S61  nml  I'omnieneed  in  the  nnirine  serviee  at  .San  I'l.ini  isiii 
in  1.S72.  His  lirsl  work  .is  enj^tneer  was  on  the  tng  A'lt/ir  Ciio/,\  where  he  remained  for  six  years.  lie  was  afterwaicl  on  the  s!r;tMiei 
A'ii//i  ■,■,  for  a  year  and  the  .  Ilii/  for  three  years,      lie  is  at  present  chief  of  the  sti-amer  />i\/'(il,/i 

'*Capt.  ( letir^^e  I  lay  ward  has  seen  nM)re  vears  of  serviee  on  the  npper  ("olumliia  kive''  and  Kootenai  I.ake  than  an\  oi  ti,  '!i:tii 
eny^a^ed  in  the  husiiiess.  .Xfter  leavinj^  the  (litleiln  he  ellti-ted  the  employ  ol  the  Colinnhia  iSc  Kootenai  .Steam  Na\i>^aIiori  Cinn'j.inv 
at  the  time  ol  then  organi/.ation  and  has  been  with  them  sime,  iecenll\  h.iviuj:  eh.ir^e  of  Ihestcnner  Xt-I\i>n.  Wlnle  i  ri-.M^jed 
ill  sleamliuatin^;  Ciptain  Ilayw.ird  oi-e.isionally  furnished  niineis  with  ;i  "  ^nil>  sl.ike,"  and  -me  cif  these  inveslmeiits  tinned  .n'  su 
well  that  he  is  III  a  fair  way  to  heeonie  a  inillic>naire  frcmi  the  proeeirds,  hein^  the  piineipal  owner  of  llu'  Nohle  I-'ive  iniin  die 
Kootenai  eoiinlry. 


'''Ilirain  S.  Sweet,  engineer,  of  Nelsim,  II,  C,  was  horn  in  Charleston.  S.  C,  in  iS.(7.     After  fol!owin^;  the  steainshi|>  I'l 
in  various  parts  of  the  world  for  several  years,  he  airived  in  the  Northwest  in  the  fall  of  ISH^J,  and  the  following  spriiiK  w.i*  ei 


|«<-' 


,  tweiil\  1(1111 
ay  ami  JmIui 

II    Kclllic'icl   III 

wliii  ll  is  still 

lll'<llllll    Ullll 

It,  wlmli  lie 
111  till-  u.iicr 
L'  a|iiiiij\.il  III 

I  use   nil    llif 

ilOO.dlKl,     W.IS 

II  altLTiiatrly 
'ears,  anil  Im 
"u't'is  al   I'liil 

Tin-  stiaiiuT 
ssimI  iiitii  till- 
•  Itoiiilii,  was 

Clatsop  Mill 
cl  (wv  inrliis 
I.,  Ullll  is  still 


^;,  III  Ivisti-ni 

IT  lll-lWltll 
with  siiitaiik- 
lllu  Kniilinai 
anil  i-'  till 
\  KuotriKii 
UiK'  lull  was 
il'Oivillc. 


nim-r  Pi^lMl.h 
l',,liiinl.i:i  iiimI 

■<hi'>  IHilH.  I    I  lit 

>iii  ,S:  Kiiiililiai 
I  (lie  liuiiii.l.iry 

I  San  1m. Ill'  i-'i" 
III   Hit-  ^li.uiu-l 

i\  cillu  I  111:111 

illlClll    C()1M|I.II1V 

WlillL-i'ii;:iiKi'il 

Uiilli'.l  Mill  »u 

VI-  iiiim-   '■  till" 

insliip  liii  im-»» 
m  wiinciuvigwl 


I  nrgt)  Increase  in  British  Coliimbi-iH  Inland  and  Ocean  Stvam  Fhot 


349 


'I'lic  I'lini-t  SdiiiiiI  iSt  Hritisii  Cotiiinliisi  liiinlicr  nnd  tin-  Ciiliiml)iii  Kivtr  uriiiii  niid  nmir  fluct  were  nlioiil  tin- 

saiiii-  as  iliniiiH  tlif  jin-vioiis  year.  Tlie  latter  iiicliuli'i!  sc-viiity  livo  vL'.ssels,  the  largest  of  wliiili  was  llii'  Mritisli 
slii|i  I'liDi  liiiihiiiiiiii.  -'.nyj  tons,  anil  the  siiialli-st  the  Miitisli  liaik  .him,  .(Ho  Ions,  .Sixty  two  of  the  vessels  were 
iiM  I    i.Mou   tons,  twenty  nine  over    i,,(i"i,  sixteen  over    i.so",  einhl  over    1,7110,  lour  over    i.ijui)  and   three  oM-i 

2, li'oiir  uraiii  earj'oes  were  also  shiii|)eil   loreinn   lioni   the  Soniiil  ;   the  Uritish  hark   Afailiixi,  His  tons,  shij) 

\\-,'hlii>,  i.ijHj,  Aineriean  slii|)  .S7.  /hiviil.  i,.s.l'i,  and  .S7.  /•riunh,  i,Sii,  All  iiii|iortaiit  arrival  was  the  first 
vi's  i-l  to  load  at  an  I'jinlish  port  I'or  I'liKel  Soniiil,  tlie  Aineriean  ship  (niviiiMi/,  Capt.  W.  I'".  .Stetson,  ut  I'orl 
Tiiwiisend,  .Mareli  nth.  The  Itritish  ship  (  khw/i' (>/  /l/c/vi/z/cM,  one  of  the  Portland  uraiii  lleet,  had  an  exi-itinj; 
ran  anaiiisl  time  in  |H,S7.  .She  left  Astoria  in  the  inorninn  and  aniliored  in  the  I'ortlaiid  harlior  limits  in  the 
tvi  iiiiiK.  li^'*-'  minutes  lieloie  her  ihaiter  expired,  tliiis  Siivinn  over  #7,oik)  lor  her  owners.  She  was  lowed  as  lai 
as  Kalaina  liy  the  Oiklnhmiiii  and  from  there  into  I'ortl.'ind  was  assisted  hy  the  Ihxif  '/'lii<iiif>si>n,  lioth  steamers 
iiiiiiiiiiH  wide  open  all  the  way.  .Sailing;  ves.sels  hiiill  in  the  Northwest  in  1.SH7  inelnded  the  (ollowin^;  :  At 
I'liil  lllakely  liarkeiilincs  AVAc;/  Smlilfii,  one  hundred  and  sixty-seven  feel  Ioiik,  thirty-seven  feet  seven  inelies 
liciiii,  loiirteen  feet  two  inelies  hold,  tonnage  (nU  ;  S.  (i.  Wililrt,  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  feel  ei^lit  iiii  lies 
liiiiH.  thirty  seven  feet  three  inelies  he.ini,  hfteen  feel  liolil,  toiinane  fm.;  ;  seliooners  l.ir.Lie  I'li/nr,  one  hiinilreil 
ami  liMty  einlil  feet  lon^,  thirty-six  feet  one  iiieh  lieain,  eleven  feel  three  inelies  hold,  loiiiiav;e  1,^4. 97  ;  /■'/-(/  A'. 
.S<i//(/(-;,  one  hnndred  and  fifly-.seven  feel  loiiK.  thirty  seven  feet  one  iiieli  lie.im,  eleven  leel  three  iiulies  liold, 
liiiiiiaKe  \(i,',  ;  /■.  .V  A'ii//ii'/i/,  (Uie  hundred  and  lifly-nine  feet  six  ineliis  Ion;;,  .seventeen  lii  I  lour  iiiihes  heani, 
i-li-vin  feel  tour  iiulies  hold.  At  I'orl  l.udlow  sehooiier  //'.  I'.  Jiiciil,  one  liuiidied  ami  fifty  live  feet  seven 
Ini  Ins  loiiK,  thirty  seven  feet  seven  inches  he.aiii,  twelve  feet  hold,  toiiiiay;e  |SJ.  p;;  four  masted  .sihoonei  h'i/sn/'. 
tiiiiiiaKe  7.S,S.f<.l-  At  I'orl  'rownseiid  sihoniu-r  /.iiiii/in,  one  hiindred  and  forty  three  feet  loiiy;,  thirty  six  feel 
lieaiii,  tell  feel  four  inelies  hold.  At  lIoi|uiain  si-hooni-is  \'i>liiiilci> ,  one  hiindriil  and  twenty  eij^lit  feet  foiii 
iiiilies  loiin,  tliirty  eiKhl  feel  nine  inelies  heam,  twelve  feet  hold,  tonnage  ,S7"..S.S  ;  I'ikiui) ,  one  hundreil  and 
Uiiity  eij^lit   feel   live  inelies  lonn,   thirty-six   feel   three  inelies  lieain,  Isvelve   feel  live   inches  hold,  lonnane  .ii;7- 

.\  perusal  of  the  wreck  reports  as  ehronieled  in  these  pa^es  will  iiii|)iess  even  Ihe  casual  reader  with  tlie 
siiij;ular  lad  that,  lioiii  the  time  when  the  .Uiiiliit;iiiii-  and  /.iml  /\'iii;/iii/  sailed  to  their  unknown  fate,  and  I'latsoii 
Ili-arli  w.is  slrewil  with  the  bodies  of  the  victims  of  the  (niiirnl  It'unri/,  to  llie  winli-r  of  lKi)|  i>s,  wlii'ii  the 
Iviiiiliiif,  AV  .1  V'-z/rt/r  and  il/nw/.v/v^yf/ carried  their  eiitiri.- crews  to  .1  eomiiion  ^rave  somewhere  in  the  depths  ol  the 
(Hi-aii,  the  j;reatest  marine  disasters  of  the  Nnrtliwest  have  seldom  eoiiie  sin),;ly,  II  is  a  iilieslion  whether  this  is 
ilm-  to  perioilieal  relaxiitions  of  vi^;il.■lllee  on  the  part  of  the  brave  men  who  "  jjo  down  to  the  sea  in  ships,"  or 
wlullier  al  irregular  iiilerv,ils  the  Pacific  belies  its  name  and  sweeps  out  of  existence  the  ailveiilurons  spirits  who 
fill  years  h.ive  lloatcd  safely  on  its  bosoiii.  However,  the  lad  remains  tli.it  the  N'orthwcst  has  siiffeiid  from 
several  of  these  epidemics  of  marine  disaster.  An  epoch  of  this  nature  licnaii  in  September,  i.S.S^,  when  the  baik 
Sii  nil  Nivitila  sailed  from  the  Sound  for  .'.,111  I'lancisco  and  was  never  licanl  lioin.  A  lew  niouths  later  the 
lliui'iv  Mills  louudered  olf  Cape  l'"l,ittery,  only  two  e,'.c;ipiiin,  nnd  in  .April,  iH,S7,  tin-  ,S'/.  .\li/>liiii\  w.is  lost  oil 
\'aMciiuver  Island,  not  one  surviving;  to  tell  the  story  of  tin-  last  struj;nle  with  the  waves. 

The  American  s\\i\i  /■.lilnnn/ii.  from  Seattle  for  San  iMancLsco,  foninlered  ofl'Cape  I'Mattciy,  Apiil  isl,  li-.iviiin 
Iml  two  survivors,  .She  left  the  (Jueeii  City  in  tow  of  the  tu^  /t'l'',  March  .'otli,  with  1,001 1  Ions  of  coal  aboard 
aii'l  the  following;  crew  :  .S,  I,.  Humphreys,  master;  Charles  Wilson,  first  male;  Charles  baickson,  seiond  mate; 
.•saiiniel  l.elilormann,  carpenter;  Minknowii).  steward;  ImciI  Mills,  cabin  boy;  Peter  Peterson,  John  Chrislianseii, 
J.iims  Scott,  fled  Melsoii,  Charles  Hill,  J.iines  Carlson,  Peter  Miller  and  Michael  Anderson,  seamen,  .She 
L-iniiiinteied  a  terrible  sontlie.ist  ^.ale  soon  alter  leaving  the  cape  and  sprang;  a  leak  April  isl.  The  ]>umps  weic 
iimilile  to  keep  her  frei-,  .-11111  al  .S:iiii  e.  m,  she  laid  nvei  and  would  not  recover.  While  in  this  position  two  01 
tliMi  lar^e  seas  boarded  her  ami  sent  her  to  the  bolloin,  'flie  second  mate  and  three  seamen,  who  wx-ie  on  lop  nl 
till  aller  house,  made  a  r.ill  on  which  lluy  lloatcd  away  from  the  rest  of  the  wreckage.  Mricksoii  and  one  of  tin- 
MMiiK-n  perished  from  exposure  on  the  second,  and  Peter  Miller  and  Michael  Anderson  were  picked  up  soon 
afleiwaid  by  the  .sehooiu-r  /'iiiiiiii-  /hiliin/.  Capl,  I 'an  barley,  and  taken  lo  Taconia.  Tin-  /■'.lilfniiln  was  of  1.07(1 
tuns  re(;islei  and  fiftei-n  \eais  old.  .She  was  owned  b\  A.  M,  .Simiison.  William  I'alleisou,  II  1.  ;,ind  Thomas 
IViiiiell,  The  American  ship  .S7.  Sli'/>lii  in,  from  .Seattle  for  .San  P'rancisco  with  a  carno  of  coal  -vas  'osl  on  tlie 
wesl  coast  of  Vancouver  Island  about  April  i;tli,  all  on  board  ]ierisliinn  with  her.  Captain  ;)oitKlass  was 
aniiiiipanied  by  his  wile  and  three  cliildieu  and  a  crew  of  seventeen.  Details  of  the  disastei  will  ne\ci  be  known, 
as  iiothillj;  was  seen  of  the  vessel,  after  she  left  t'api-  b'laltery,  unlil  soiiu-  Indians  saw  her  sliikc  a  reel  oil' 
KMii|Uol  Sound  on  the  e\-t-iiiiin  of  ,\|)iilolh  'flic  next  moiuiii/;  a  small  portion  of  her  hull  was  all  that  was 
vimMc  above  the  water.  Two  Whilcliall  Imals  washed  .isliore,  one  of  them  badly  d.-iinancil  and  the  oilier 
c'iiiii|iaratively  uniiijnred.  The  heavy  sea  which  was  riiiiuinn  at  the  time  had  uudonbtedly  reuilered  any  allcinpt 
to  i-scape    by   such    means    nseless.       Several    days    after    the    wreck    a    coiu|)ass   case    conlaininn    H"'    pri\ali- 

1111  ilu-  Co-nt  irAli-iu-  l,;iki-  stratniT  < >iiifiiil  Sliri niiiii  with  (,'aptiiin  Snit-nsKti,  j^oin^  (mm  lu-r  In  Iln-  jnoin'IU-i  Idalu*,  now  ni;  K noli- 11  hi 
i.iik--  III-  siili'.i-i|U(-nll\  spent  a  IV-w  monllis  nii  tin-  sli-ami-r  i'uitiir.  thiir  ami  llii-n  wi-nt  to  Alaska  (m  a  M-ai  ,-iml  a  half.  In  ISS; 
111-  i\.is  i'in|iln\i'il  Inr  a  shnrt  tiim-  on  slisinirrs  lirlwi-i-n  San  j-'iam-iscu  .iml  Porllaml  ami  tlirii  itlnini-il  to  tin-  inli-iinr,  wlii-n-  In- 
111'  .'H-'l  till'  fiij.;iiu-s  nn  llir  I'l-ml  iroii-illi-  l.aki-  sti-ami-i  rii'sii'U  ■  \\v  tlini  si-i  \i'<l  on  tin-  Hint'  lU-ll ,  nwneil  liy  I*r,  Hi-mli  i\.  In  ilie 
111!'  .1  iHSS  Ik-  \\«-iiI  to  Kooli-nai  j.aki*  ami  jilaii-'l  tin-  inatlum-i\-  in  tin-  i<iil>itn,  wlwit-  lie  was  i'I1^,i>^(m1  as  i-llii-l  ellKini-ei  toni  \-eais, 
li-.i    nn  Iht  til  eiilri  tin-  riii|iloy  orilu-  Colninliia  .S:  Kooli-nai  .Sli-ain  .Navi>;atlon  l.'onipaiiy. 


I       [ 


,VS" 


lowis  cf  Dryrlvn's  Marine  HIstnry  of  tho  Pacillc  Northmutt 


corri'spniulc'iicc  of  Ciiptniii  Donjjlass  ciiine  iisliori' ami  was  scciiumI  by  tlie  Indians,  Imt  notliinn  furlliiT  was  rvcr 
heard  ol  the  ill  slarivd  vtssid  and  Irt  faU'd  cii'W 

Si'ViTal  othiT  sailing  vi'smIs  init  with  disasUT  in  1HM7.  Thf  first  of  the  (lii't  to  coini'  to  ^riif  wns  iliu 
llolivian  hrin  /tiiir,  Capl.  William  Sllhrr^;,  Ininlur  lailon  from  I'ort  Towiiscml  fur  tlu-  l-'iji  Islands.  Shv  siulul 
from  I'ort  Townsi'iid,  January  ist,  and  that  I'vcninj,' t'ni'oiiiitcrc<l  a  heavy  naif,  whii'li  started  her  to  leaking  mi 
liadly  that  all  hands  at  the  pumps  conld  not  keep  Iut  free.  The  deck  load  was  thrown  over  liut  to  no  pni|'iisc 
and  at  .S:,v>  A.  m.,  January  2d,  she  was  altandoned  thirty  miles  west  southwest  of  Ca|)e  I'lattery.  The  iii  w  ui  ic 
picked  up  hy  the  ship  //dy;/()/,v  and  landed  at  I'ort  Townsend.  The  vessel  was  old  and  rotten.  The  Ainii  ic  :iii 
hark  .liishia,  Capt.  (leorne  \\.  De  I, ami,  while  iii  roidc  from  .San  l''raiicisco  to  Tacoma  with  one  passcnuii  .mhI  .1 
crew  of  sixteen,  stranded  on  I'latlery  Rocks,  aliout  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  m.iinliind,  January  21st  Tin 
ves.sel  was  carrying;  coiisideralile  sail,  an<l  the  wind  was  lilowiu);  a  hurricane.  I'nder  these  comlitious  shi  liail 
little  chance  to  esca|)e  after  striking.  A  strong  current  and  heavy  swell  are  jjiven  as  causes  for  the  disaster.  The 
vessel  registered  1,2,10  tons,  was  sixteen  years  old,  .ind  was  owned  liy  A.  M.  Simpson.  The  steamer  Loltiv.  luiill 
at  Cypress,  W  ash.,  in  1H.S2,  strni'k  the  rocks  and  liecame  a  tot.il  loss  while  k"'"K  lhronnh  Deception  I'liss  <hiiiii^; 
a  blinding;  snowstorm  in  I-'elirnary.  .She  was  owned  liy  C.ipt.  .S.  .Sweeny.  The  sealing  schooner  l\i(^l',<, 
helonjjin;;  to  J.  I).  Warren  and  commanded  liy  Capt.iin  Itodd,  was  driven  ashore  near  the  Nitnat  Uivcr,  .iIkhiI 
thirty  miles  south  of  Cape  licale    Iiecendier  2'ith,  and  became  .1  conijilcte  wreck.     The  cnplain  and  crew  reaclml 

shore  in  safety.  The  Anar 
icaii  ship  Dicaii  A'li/i;,  Cajit. 
C.  H.  .Sawyer, "a  fom-inastti 
of  2, .(.14  tons  re^;islcr.  fomi 
dered  at  .sea  forty  miles  west 
northwest  of  Cajie  lil.uicn, 
while  rn  roiilf  from  NaiiaiMwi 
to  ,S;in  I'cdro  ailh  .V'^^so  tuns 
of  coal.  A  strong;  ^alc  ami 
heavy  sea  caused  her  to  leak 
liadly,  and  soon  afterw.ird  llu 
puni])  KCixt  broke.  It  u.■l^ 
repaired  so  that  one  pump 
was  ke|it  K"i'iK  for  three  davs 
before  she  was  idiaiiiloiicil. 
The  crew  were  taken  oil  liy 
the  schooner  An^cl  lh)ll\\ 
Captain  Tellus,  which  lr,iiis 
ferred  them  to  the  I'Mileil 
.Slates  steam  launch  ('i<>iii(n, 
by  wdiicli  they  were  lamltil 
at  I'ort  Townsen<l,  .May  i.'lh. 
.She  was  valued  at  Js"""' 
and  her  c.ir>;o  at  jtr  s.ooo. 

The  bark  />i<i>i(i.  (.'up 
tain  Meyer,  from  I'ort  Ci.un 
ble  for  .Sydney  with  a  carKu 

of  lumber,  was  lost  011  Starbuck  Island,  in  the  .South  I'acific  Ocean,  August  iilli,  and  all  hands  were  saved. 
The  steam  schooner  Oiicrn  of  llic  liny,  owned  and  sailed  by  Capt.  lira/.il  (ironnds.  was  wrecked  at  the  mouth  of 
the   Xeli.ilem   River,  Septendier    1  r  th.  draKK'"K  ashore  with  both  anchors  clown  and  becoming  a  tot.al  los>,     Tlu- 


S     lAMSllll' 


Hritish  bark  /huluss  ,1/  .1  ri;ylc,   i.Thji;  tons,  Capt.  II.  IC.  Heard,  from   I,iverp( 


ir   liurr.ird's   Inlet,  went  aslmn 


dnrillK  a  thick  fo^  five  miles  south  of  I'ort  .San  Juan,  October  rith,  and  was  r.ipidly  iioundeil  lo  |)ieces  by  llic 
surf  .She  was  a  handsome  f<inr master,  two  hnudred  and  fifty  feet  lon^;,  forty-one  feet  beam,  and  twenty  one  led 
hold.     The  barkentiiie  dracc  h'ulicrh.  one  of  the   first   lar^e   sailing;  vessels   built   on    I'ti^et   .Sound,  was  lost  on 

December  ,Slh.      She   'as  in  cll,•lr^;e  of  Capl    M. 


North    lie.ich,  a   few   miles   above   the 


nil   of  the   Coll 


r<arseu,  went  on   diirinj;   ,1   thick   fii^.  and.  as  she  was  old   and   tender,  soon    went   to   jiieces.     The   wreck   ums 


|iiirchased   by  .Martin   Fi 


.f  Asto 


The  Oregon   I'acific  steamship  Ydi/niiiii  ( V/r  parted  her' 


I'hile   enleriuH    \'ai|uina    harbor.    December    (tli,   and    drifted    ashore,   becomiu^;    a    total   loss  ei^ht  days  laUr, 


•■"Ciipl.  C.  II.  SawyiT  w.is  lirirn  in  Maine  in  iS^i  ami  cninnicmi'il  K"inK  lo  •~i-.i  mIioiiI  [.S.!";.  lie  scrveil  fur  lliiee  year-  in  tlic 
I  iiilnl  Sl.iU-s  Nnvy  ilurinf;  the  W.ir  of  lln-  kiliillinn  ami  alU'rwanl  saili-d  in  llu-  mcrcli.inl  tn.i  :ine  lo  variims  parls  nl  llie  hipiM  ""•'' 
iS.S'i.  wlien  lu'  ln'Han  ciiaslinn  ipmI  iif  San  I'ramisid  willi  the  liij;  Oinrina-.teil  slii|i  (hfuii  A7«i,',  wliieli  was  .ilpanilnned  in  M.iv,  I'^^l- 
He  has  reeenlly  eoiiiinamleil  Ihe  ship  h'ftnirhi-f. 

-'  Martin  p'oaril  nl  Asloiia.  Or.,  has  pnreliaseil  ami  wreckeil  sim-e  1S71)  ihe  rollowinn  ve.sels  cast  away  near  llie  inoulli  ■  1  i'»' 
Ciilnniliia:  l/niir^l  /fniiir.  11.  II.  r,i'\u\  CiiiiiisiiKiif,  U'lii.l/fi,  lliiiiiy.lilnii,  l.niiniwilo.r.  Ahhic  Cn^upfi ,  J .  ('.  <iin\iii\  iihur 
Riihfrls,  Maka/i,  lulith  In; nt-  Atu\  DfTcti  (iiift^nu/Z/ar. 


Mfi  u;is  cvir 

rii'l  w:is  Ilk' 
sill-  s;ul,,| 
1)  Iciikini;  Ml 
I  no  inniiiiM', 
111'  ciiw  were 
he  Aiiin  n  ;iii 
si'linri  ;iiii|  ,1 
y  2rsl.  'I'lu' 
ions  slic  had 
wisUl.  Till' 
■  l.ollii-.  hiiill 
1  I'ass  (lining 

Uivcr,  .ilidiil 

crew  nailicil 

Tlif  Aiiui 

AV//I,',  Oil  I  it. 
n  fourni.ihki 
l•^;isl^l,  fiMiii 
ly  iiiik's  uost 
'a]K'  Itlaiic'ii, 
oni  N'anaiiiiii 
til  .vf<S'i  tuns 
)IIH  K''l''  •"!'' 
il  lii-r  t(i  U-ak 
iiflurward  llio 
(ikf.      1 1   was 

t    (lllf     1IUI11|I 

or  llirci-  ilavs 
s  iiliaiidoiuil. 
taken  (ill  liy 
.;«!,.,■/  /'.i//r, 

wliicli  trans 
llie   I'niled 

lu-li   TiMW/in. 

wen.'   landed 

il,  May  i.'lli. 

at     f.Sli.niiii 

$1  s.'i""- 

/'/(/«('.  Cap 

1   I'ort  (lam 

with  il  raiK" 

were  saM-d, 

la-  iiiontli  III 

il  loss.     The 

went  asliuic- 

|iieees  hv  llie 

eiity  iiiK'  led 

was   Idsl   iin 

of  Capl    M. 

I-   wreek   was 

wlieel  chains 

t   (lavs  hiler. 


■I'  yriirs  111  tile 
lliL'  winl'l  iiiilil 
.1  in  M.-r,  i--^?- 

(■  nidiiUi  "I  die 


I 

i 


/,■(/'(/(,'  hn:n:iin(j  in  British  (^()luinbi;i's  hihind  and  (Jcuin  Slmni  I  hid 


.15 « 


Tlie  steam  si'ow  Pawn,  owned  liy  Capt.  A!  Cliiirch  and  I'jiKineer  (leorne  Harmon  of  Astoria,  Imrsl  a  steam  jiipe 
I'Vlii nary  ,vl  wliile /■«  ;««/^' from  Hungry  llarlior  to  Astoria  and  drifted  out  to  sea.  She  si^jnaled  the  steamer 
lull,  ml  Caiihw  bill  Capl.  Tlionms  Parker  olTered  no  a.ssislanec,  and  the  frail  craft  continued  her  journey  on  the 
I'ai  ihc  with  no  fuel,  and  provisions  consisting  ol  a  loaf  of  hreiid  and  a  ham  hone.  Afti-r  drifliiii;  for  nine  days 
.hi  i\  IS  sii;hte(|  liv  the  sle,iiiislii|i  /■.in/<ht-,  thirty  live  miles  olf  shore,  seventy  live  miles  south  of  the  Cdhiniliia 
Kivi  I  The  men  were  in  a  famishing  condition  when  liroiiHlit  on  hoard  the  /■.iii/<iir,  and  the  Ihitrii  was  taken  in 
Inw  lor  Coos  Hay.  Koiinh  weather  prevented  an  entrance  there,  so  the  steamship  attempted  to  take  the  vessel  to 
.Siiii  l''raneisco,  Iml  when  olf  Cape  Itlanco  li^hl  il  hroke  adrift  and  was  ahandimed.  Tin-  small  sleaim  i  SfioKdnr 
sirii' k  a  siian  in  the  C(enr  d'Alene  River,  Ajiril  stli,  and  eapsi/ed, 
ilnnvniiin  ICdward  Jerome  of  l.ewiston,  I,.  I'ike  of  rorlland,  Col.  N  J. 
lliy;^;ins  of  llaiiKoi'.  Me  .  J  C.  Ilaiitia  of  Spok.ilie,  and  an  iinkiKiuii 
lU'ikliand. 

'file  schooner  /'nnillil.  from  San  I'raneiseo  for  Astoria  with 
iii(i,i""p  pounds  of  ^;ianl  jiowder,  was  lilown  np  January  i  stii  ojiposite 
the  ("idldeii  <iale.  She  sailed  out  of  San  I'rancisco  al  noon,  and,  the 
wind  dyiiiK  out,  licnan  to  drift  in  toward  shore.  Aiitii  ipalinn  the 
prolialile  result  when  she  struck  the  licai  h,  the  eiew  hastily  left  the 
vessel  and  pulled  lustily  for  the  op|i(isite  shore.  They  landed  near 
Sausalito  and  awaited  the  result.  The  schooner  did  not  strike  until 
nearly  iiiidniKhl,  lint  the  explosion  was  I'riKhlflil,  almost  completely 
Kiniilishinn  the  Cliff  House  and  Ineakiiin  windows  for  miles  around. 
.Sivcial  pi'rsons  were  seriously  injiiii'd  liy  the  concussion.  The  ship 
CimiiiKxIoir,  Capl.iin  Jordan,  felt  the  shock  plainly  fifteen  miles  off 
shdie  .\  few  )iieces  of  lloatiiiK  wreckage  were  all  that  remained  of 
wsM  1  iir  carno.  The  liri^  A'orlli  S/iir,  Ca|>tain  Williams,  from  Seattle 
I'll  S.in  Dieno  wilh  a  car^o  of  liimher,  was  wrecked  in  April,  and  .ill 
hands  were  lost.  The  vessel  was  aflerward  found  bottom  np  near 
I'lirllaiid  I'oinl.  The  Columbia  Kiver  steaiiier  '/i/i/tf/o/r,  the  fastest 
sternwlieelcr  ill  the  world,  was  destroyed   by   fire  at  upper  Astoria, 

Ndviiiibei    2(ith  (see  Chapter   W'l.     The  steam  ferry-boat  f  V/ii  was  bn  rued  to  the  walei 's  cd^je  at  Si  llw 1,  t)i., 

Sipleiiilier  (;tli.     The  steamships  (hi.julni,  (.'oiislmiliiif  and  (  o.i/rf  h'ini  were  broken  ii|i  in  ,Saii  I'liiiicisco. 

Several  of  the  pioneer  steainboatnien  of  l'nnet  Sound  made  llieir  lasl  jiorl  in  iSSj.  Cajil.  Thomas  Wilson, 
ui'll  and  lavor.ibly  known  for  many  years  on  the  Victoria  route,  fell  dead  al  his  |(osl  on  the  \',iilli  /'<iii/i<,  a^cd 
flirty  ei^lit  years.  James  Orillilhs  and  Charles  li.  Sweeny,  early  eii^;iiieers  on  the  /•.'//  ii  .  ludiisiiii,  died  at  .Seattle, 
the  former  in  December  and  the  latter  in  June.  Capl.  Charles  I.ow  died  al  Seattle,  June  i.'tli  ;  Cajit,  I,.  .\1.  .St.in 
the  successor  of  l-'iiicli  vS:  WriKhl  in  the  I'nuel  .Sound  steainboal  monopoly,  al  Oakland,  Cal.,  October  jntli  ;  Capl. 
K.  K  Ham,  of  the  firm  of  Kenton,  Holmes  iV  Co.,  al  San  Jose,  Cal  ,  November  jd,  a^ed  sixty  years  ;  Tliomas 
Cartel,  who  shipped  the  liisl  caij.;o  of  lumber  from  the  Colniiibia  River,  al  N'cw  Wliatconi,  ,Seiiteiiibci  loth,  ,i^;c(l 
linlily  three  years;  Capl.  Oeorne  .\Icl'"arlaiid.  of  the  schooner  .'//>/,  al  I'ort  Towiiscnd,  .\pril   i  (111. 

I.ar^e  nitnibers  of  steam  and  s.iilinn  crall  came  into  exislenee  in  all  parts  of  llie  Xoi  III  west  in  iM.H.s,  I'li^cl 
Siiind  and  the  X'ictoria  district  especi.illy  sliowint;  a  marked  increase  in  vessels  of  ewry  description.  The 
Canadian  Pacific  Navij;alioii  C'oiiipany,  with  their  customary  enler|)rise,  forestalled  an)'  opiiosiliuM  in  their  Held  bv 
''rill^;ln^;  out  llie  finest  ste.imer  which  had  yet  appe.ired  in  llie  Northwest.  The  newconier,  wlin  li  was  cliiistened 
the  /^liDhlii ,  was  .1  inaHiiificeiit  twin  screw  steel  steamer  two  hnndred  and  forty  feel  loiiK.  forty  two  feel  be.ini.  and 
liiiiilrcn  feel  ei^lil  inelies  hold,  w'.lli  engines  twenty,  thirty,  and  fifty  two,  by  thirty  six  iiiidies.  She  was  built  al 
'"ihis'j,dw  al  a  cost  of  over  j!ij(ni,o(Ki,  and  arrived  at  \'ictoria,  December  vth,  in  charge  of  (ieorne  W.  Robertson, 
iipliin  ;  John  T.  Walbran,  '  chief  ollicer  ;  John  Ivdwards,  second  odieer  ;  Alexander  hraser,  third  olficir  ;  John 
.\ii(U  rsoii,  chief  engineer  ;  H.  .Shanks,  second  engineer;  John  McC.raw,  third  engineer.  .Soon  alter  liei  ariiv.il 
she  (iinimeiiced  rniininj;  on  Ihe  X'icloria  and  Vancouver  ronle  in  charge  of  Capl.  (leorne  Riidlin  and  in  i,si|ii  made 
MViial  trips  to  Alaska.  She  has  since  been  ciu;aj.;e(l  in  llie  \'ancoiiver  tr.ide,  occasionally  Koin^  to  .Mask.i  and  the 
Cdlnniliiii  River,  Coiilin  d..:!,  I'vinn  himself  eoniiiiandiii^;  while  on  the  latter  routes.  The /iAf//(/(7|)(issis.ses  ureal 
■■peel,  has  elegant  acco  niinnl.iM.iiis  for  several   hnndied  passeiif^ers,  .and  a   \;\\y,v   Ircinlil  cap.icily.     ,S1k-  ranks  ;il 


CAI'I.    |omn  T,   W.xiiima.n 


■lu.  /■ 
I'ini, 
I  yi*;ll 

"Iflil 
:il  r 
i-lllci, 
Oik. 
iii.'iiii 


'  Capl,  r.cor^'c  \V.  K'  'i'.-iis,.ii  nf  V'iiiiidiiviT,  H.  I'  ,  was  Impiii  in  I.ivcipddl  in  is^j  .m,!  i-oiiiincinr.l  Iiis  iii,itiin-  st-rvici-  in  is<)^i, 
III  dci-p  waliT  stcimislii(,  ,  I.  II     ii:iil\'  \  cars.      In   I  S77  lit-   jiiiiicil  tin-   f  1111,11 'I  stcalllsliiji  line  ;is  sn  oti.l  iilln  rl*  a  in  I  rjlit-r  dltict-r  mi 

/  HI  lift  a  nil  dill  IT  vcssils,     I  ;,■  U-ji  this  t-nipldv  id  .'issist  in  iIk-  (■dn-.tnictidii  cil  tin-  /\/iiui/t'i ,  I  in  ill  dii  tin-  ll\ili'  lur  tin-  r.ni.'tilian 
Navi|;,llidn  Cdin|iall\  ,  ,illd  wllill  slit-  was  Cdtnpli-U-il  Iddk  In-l   Iri  \'irldlia.  rcllLillllll;;  in  lllr  st-tvii-r  dl  tlial  »  ..iiipall\    hit   .iliinil 

lie  lias  sluci.  lifi-n  i-ii^.i^t-d  as  pihA  I'lir  nnrrard's  InU-l  and  tin-  l-'rast-r  Kiver, 
■' C.-ipt.  [dim  T.  Walliran  w.ts  horn   in    I-ai^t.-ind   in    iS.|S,  served    in   tin-  Mritisli   Navy  rrnni  iH^j  to  iSdi,  ;iiiil  was  llien  in  lln- 
iill  marine  Idr  eleven    \-e.-irs,   aflerw.-iril  en^a^inj^  wilh  a  n.'ivi^;atidii  edtniiaitN-  at  I.iverpddl.     On  arriviti)^  dii  Uie   rai-i(ie  I'dast 
Willi  the  /\/,ini/'f,\w  reniaiiierl  in  llie  eittpld\ of  the  Canadian    Piieilie  .\;ivi^;ilidn  Cdin]t;in\    until   .\pril,    iSd'.  and  ihi-ii 

'I  llie  service  ol  the  I'.'dia.lian  r.ovei iiini-nt  as  einiiiiiandi-r,  sn]ierinU-iidin}4   the   Iinihlin^  ol    Ihe   Iioininidii  sleainer  I'l/mfiii. 

aiplelidii  lie  Iddk  her  td  the  N'drtlnvest  .iiid  has  since   remained  in   (-harni-      Captain  W'altnan  has  made  a  slii.ls-  ol  tlit-  i-.-irli 

r  history  oflhe  .N'oilliwesl.  and  wi-  .tie  iiide'iled  to  him  li.r  many  vatiialile  •Idciimeiils  in  ediinectidii  llierewith. 


\-M:'\\ 


^ 


r\ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A 


^  *?^% 


1.0 


I.I 


IA4  12.8     |2.5 
|5o  *^"    !!■■ 

11^ 


11-25  i  1.4 


6" 


1.6 


%... 


7 


^^  J^" 


^5. 


■v 


<> 


(? 


/ 


Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


\ 


^ 


,v 


^ 


'^S 


^;\ 


6^ 


^ 


23  WB(  MA:»;  .TRfliT 

WIBSTIR.N.Y.  I4S80 

(716)  873-4503 


-<8 


^ 


% 


6^ 


352 


Lewia  cf  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


the  head  of  the  modern-built  steamers  in  the  Northwest.  The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway's  F.mpress  0/  Chinn  and 
her  companion  ships  were  not  yet  completed,  and  their  Oriental  business  for  1888  was  handled  by  a  numlv^r  of  old 
Atlantic  liners,  with  an  occasional  Pacific  Ocean  tramp.  In  addition  to  the  Parthia  and  Abyssinia,  which  were  on 
the  route  in  1887,  the  steamship  /iatavia.  Captain  Walton,  appeared  and  remained  on  the  line  until  1890,  K()l)ert 
Curry"  of  Victoria  serving  in  the  engineering  department.  She  was  then  secured  by  the  new  Upton  line  to  run 
between  Hongkong  and  Portland.  In  1892  she  was  renamed  the  7<?«>;»a  and  entered  the  service  of  the  North 
Pacific  Steamship  Company.  Since  1890  she  has  l)een  commanded  by  Captain  Hill,  who  in  1888  had  chaige  of  the 
Danube,  also  belonging  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway.  The  latter  steamship  was  rather  small  for  the  ( )riental 
trade  and  was  subsequently  sold  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company,  and  in  charge  of  Capt.  William 
Meyers  has  been  on  the  northern  route  from  Victoria,  with  occasional  trips  to  the  Columbia,  for  several  years  past. 
The  Zambesi,  an  old  Peninsular  &  Oriental  liner,  was  for  a  little  while  in  the  service  of  the  railway 
company,  in  command  of  Capt.  John  R.  Tiddy.''  Like  the  /iatavia  she  was  afterward  used  in  the  I'pton  line. 
Other  steamships  in  this  trade  were  the  Aberdeen,  Captain  Taylor  ;  the  Albany,  Captain  Powers  ;  the  Dnkr  of 
WestmiHsler.  and  the  Port  Adelaide.  Dunsmuir's  new  steam  collier  Antonio  was  running  to  Nanaimo  with 
Captains  Crawford  and  Wallace.  The  Wellington  was  in  the  same  trade,  handled  by  Captain  Whitworth  and 
Captain  Jordan,  formerly  of  the  ship  Commodore.  The  coal  fleet  was  further  increa.scd  by  the  big  tramp  steamer 
Costa  Rica,  flying  the  Hawaiian  flag.     She  was  commanded  by  Captain  Salmond  and  has  lieen  steadily  engaged 

on  the  Nanaimo  and  San  Francisco  route  since  'hat  time,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  months  in  1891,  when  she  was  sent  north  as  a 
tender  for  the  British  warships  in  Bering  Sea.  She  was  extensively 
overhauled  and  supplied  with  new  boilers  by  the  Albion  Iron  Works 
^^^^  of  Victoria  in  1894.    Salmond  was  succeeded  in  command  by  Captain 

^KKUt^  Mclntyre.     The  steamship  Walla  Walla,  for  many  years  in  the  coal 

^[  ^^  trade,  was  fitted  for  passenger  .service  in  1888,  and  in  command  of 

^^  Capt.  David  Blackburn  commenced  running  between  San  Francisco, 

^H  ifiSi^  ^  Victoria  and  Sound  ports.    The  old  Wilmington  embarked  on  another 

^^  ™  of  her  periodical  opposition  ventures,  entering  the  Puget  Sound  trade 

in  July  in  charge  of  Captain  Gage.     Other  steamships  on  the  northern 

route  were  the  .  //  A7,  Captain  Bennett  ;   Ancon,  Captain  Carroll ; 

J      ^H^^  Cieorge  11'.  lildcr.  Captain  Lyon;   Empire,  Captain  Butler;  Idaho, 

^^^L      >^^.  ^  Captains  Carroll,  Hunter  and  Wallace  ;  Jeanie,  Captain  Humphrey  ; 

^^^^B^^^^K>-  Me.xico,  Captain   Huntington  ;    Queen  of  the  Padjie.  Captain   ;\lex- 

^^^^^^H^^^V^Hf^  ander  ;  Willamette,  Captain  Hansen  ;  and  Cniatilla,  Captain  Holmes. 

«^^^^^B^V ^^^H|['  The  Jeanie.  a  large  four-masted  steam  .schooner  built  at  Rath,  Mi'.. 

'imiJHHI^B^^^HIr'  1883,  is  one  hundred  and  eighty-six  feet  four  inches  long,  thirty- 

^^^^  .seven  feet  nine  inches  Ijeam,  eighteen  feet  eight  inches  hold,  and 

has  run  on  nearly  every  route  between  San  Francisco  and  tlie  Arctic 

Ocean,  handled  most  of  the  time  by  Capt.  Omar  J.  Humphrey." 


W*^- 


"Rol>ert  Curry.  en){inet'r,  of  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born   in  Scotland  in 
Capt.  omak  J.  himi-iihkv  1858.     After  serving  liis  apprenticesliip  he  ran  for  a  year  in  the  Liverpool  ami 

African  trade,  and  mllowed  his  profession  in  various  steamship  lines  until  i.ss;. 
when  he  joined  the  steamship  /iaIaT'ia,  serving  with  her  as  first  assistant  for  two  years  on  the  China  and  Vancouver  line,  I'  ■  w.is 
also  first  .issistant  on  the  .  /Aivwh/h  for  a  short  time  and  licld  a  similar  position  on  tile  /uii/>iis.s  of  (  hinn  for  two  years. 

■'Ca])t.  John  R.  Tiddy  was  liorn  in  Cornwall.  ICu^land,  in  1S4S,  and  was  on  sailing  vessels  from  iS.sS  until  1S82,  when  he  was 
^iven  command  of  ste.'utisliips  runniuf;  in  ttie  tea  trade  from  London  to  Jap<-in.  lie  was  afterward  cliiefoflicer  of  Royal  Mail 
Steamships  four  years  and  then  took  charge  of  the /fa(«*(i/,  on  which  he  was  severely  injured  by  falling  down  the  hold  ami  left 
her  to  go  to  Japan.     lie  went  from  there  to  the  Pacific  Coast  at)ont  four  years  ago. 

"Capt.  Omar  J.  Kumphrey  of  San  F,ranclscii,  while  still  young,  has  hail  a  long  and  varied  career  in  the  marine  hu^iness. 
He  was  Imru  in  Yarmouth  in  1S56.  and.  like  the  majority  of  Maine  youngsters,  went  to  sea  when  tmt  a  lioy.  his  first  vessel  txiiif;  llic 
.\merican  ship  Ciria  of  Yarmouth.  His  first  visit  to  the  I'acific  Coast  was  in  187.),  when  he  arrived  as  thiril  mate  on  the  SI.  I.iinn, 
leaving  her  in  San  I'raucisco  to  eute.-  the  employ  of  ("loodall,  Perkins  S:  Co.,  running  as  freight  clerk  on  several  of  their  well  kiuiwn 
oid-linie  steamships,  atnoi<g  them  the  .  hiton,  .Sati  t.iii-i.  t)riziit>tt  I'.iul  Senntoy.  In  1S7S  lie  was  on  the  Idaho,  tlien  in  opposilinn  to 
the  old  Oregon  .Steamship  Company,  on  the  Portlaml  route,  hut  left  in  ll.e  winter  to  go  l)ack  to  deep  water,  sailing  as  fourth  mate 
on  the  ship  .SV.  Nicholas,  p'roni  the  .SV.  Niiholas  he  went  to  the  Oracle  of  New  York  as  second  m.ite,  and  on  the  following  ■  o/.i^e 
became  first  mate.  He  remaiueil  with  the  Oracle  four  years,  until  she  was  driven  ashore  during  a  hurricane  at  Cape  Horn  in  .M.iroli, 
18S2.  Returning  to  the  Kast.  Captain  Humphrey  shipped  as  first  mate  on  the  American  ship  Rainier,  of  Hath,  in  which  \w  .luain 
came  to  grief  in  January,  iSS^.  the  ship  striking  a  coral  reef,  unknown  at  that  time,  in  latitude  y"  north,  longitude  ihs"  ?ii' lasl 
while  en  ronte  from  Philailelphia  tfi  Japan.  After  enduring  numy  hardships  the  crew  were  finally  rescued  Ity  the  man-of-war  A'^wM" 
and  taken  to  Vokolnuna,  whence  Captain  Humphrey  went  to  San  I'rancisco  on  the  steamship  A'io  </.  Janei.o,  On  arrival  .it  llic 
Bay  City  after  his  exciting  ft)ur  years'  absence,  he  joined  the  steamship  Qncftt  of  'he  Pacific  as  third  oflicer,  and  was  soon  afltrwanl 
appointed  to  the  steamship  Santa  i'ru:  as  first  ofiicer.  He  next  had  charge  of  the  steamer  Falcon  of  .San  I'cilro,  and  was  aflirwapl 
in  command  of  the  steamships  (iypay,  .Salinas.  .Santa  Cm::,  llonila,  .11  Ki,  Jesse  //.  t'reenian  and  Jeanie.  On  the  latii-r  he 
remained  fiir  two  years,  running  l)etween  San  l''rancisco,  Puget  .Sonnil  and  the  .\rctic  Ocean.  I'ew  mariners  are  better  accpi.ilnted 
along  tile  Pacific  Coast,  from  .San  Oiego  to  Puget  Sound,  through  the  Oulf  of  (Georgia  ami  the  inland  waters  of  .\laska  to  Sitka, 
along  the  .\lentian  Islands  and  through  Bering  Sea  to  the  Arctic,  than  Captain  Humphrey,  as  he  has  visited  nearly  port  of  inipuii  iiice 
in  the  Northwest.  He  resigned  the  captaincy  of  the  Iconic  about  five  years  ago  to  superintend  the  huililing  of  a  cannery  in  .\!;tska 
for  the  Pacific  Steam  Whaling  C<mipany.  with  which  he  has  since  In-en  connected,  s|)enillng  the  summers  in  Alaska  and  the  wiiters 
in  San  I'rancisco  with  his  family.  Captain  Humphrey  has  written  a  very  interesting  book  on  the  las*  voyage  of  the  A'ii/«/i/ and 
the  trials  and  hardships  which  beset  her  survivors,  handling  the  subject  in  a  most  graphic  manner,  and  without  any  of  those 
eiubellishtnents  which  are  too  often  found  in  tales  of  the  sea. 


Large  Increase  in  British  Columbia's  Inland  and  Ocean  Steam  Fleet 


m% 


of  Chiiiii  and 
numl)';r  oloUl 
which  wtre  on 
il  1890,  Ri)l)ert 
an  line  to  run 
e  of  the  North 
i  chasge  of  the 
or  the  ( )ricntal 
Capt.  William 
:ral  years  past. 
of  the  railway 
le  I'pton  line, 
i  ;  the  Diikr  of 
Nanainio  with 
Vhitworth  and 
tramp  .steamer 
eadily  engaged 
time,  with  the 
ent  north  as  a 
^&s  exteii.sively 
on  Iron  Works 
and  by  Captain 
ears  in  the  coal 
n  command  of 
San  Krancisco, 
ked  on  another 
jet  Sound  trade 
on  the  northern 
iptain  Carroll : 
Butler;  Idaho, 
in  Humphrey  ; 
Captain  Alex- 
iptain  Holme.s, 
t  at  Bath,  Me., 
es  long,  thirty- 
ches  hold,  and 

and  the  .\rclic 
Humphrey." 

ill  Scotlaiiil  in 
lie  I,iver|n)(jl  ami 
"iiies  until  i.^S;, 
er  line.  Ii  -■  w.is 
ears. 

S.S2.  when  he  was 

r  of  Roval  Mail 

the  huM'and  left 


Frank  Bragg"  was  for  .several  years  chief  engineer,  and  J.  V.  B.  Perry"  and  Edward  J.  Powers"  have  also  held 
that  position  on  the  vessel.  The  steam  collier  .V<i«  Afalec  was  also  added  to  the  Northwestern  fleet.  She  was 
purchased  in  London  and  came  out  by  way  of  Hongkong,  calling  at  Honolulu,  where  she  was  registered  under 
the  Hawaiian  flag.  She  is  still  in  the  coal  trade,  and  narrowly  escaped  destruction  by  an  explosion  of  coal  dust 
in  1S94.  The  Oregon  Pacific  Railway  replaced  the  lost  Ya</iiiiia  Cily  with  the  new  steamship  Yaquina  Bay,  built 
by  Cramp  &  Sons  in  1881.  She  was 
a  handsome  vessel  two  hundred  and 
fifty-seven  feet  long,  thirty-four  feet 
team,  and  twenty-one  feet  hold,  reg- 
istering 1,200  tons,  but  was  unfor- 
tunately wrecked  on  her  first  trip, 
Decenilier  10th. 

Among  the  additions  to  the 
minor  steam  fleet  in  British  Columbia 
were  the  Clara  Young,  constructed 
by  Benjamin  Young,'"  the  Fraser 
River  canneryman,  for  a  tender  to 
his  cannery  ;  the  Horseshoe,  by  J.  H. 
To<ld,  for  a  similar  purpose  ;  the 
.\fnmaid.  Captain  Bridgeman  ;  the 
PriiKcss,  a  propeller  seventy-six  feet 
long,  fourteen  feet  beam,  and  seven 
feet  hold,  built  for  the  Public  Works  Department  ;  the  Stella  and  the  Sf>ilfiri\  On  Okanagan  Lake  a  fifty-foot 
steamer  bearing  the  name  cl'  that  body  of  water  was  launched  in  August.  The  R.  DunsinKir,  Captain  Rogers, 
was  changed  from  a  sidewheeler  to  a  propeller.  Victoria  had  the  finest  pas.scnger  service  to  I'liget  Sound 
ports  that  she  had  ever  enjoyed.  The  Alaskan,  Captain  Anderson,  alternated  with  the  Olympian,  Cai)t  George 
Roberts,  these  two  magnificent  .steamers  making  a  daily  round  trip,  afTordiiig  a  great  contrast  to  the  tri-weekly 
service  of  the  /r//>rt  Anderson  in  times  gone  by.  This  service  was  maintained  but  a  short  time,  as  the  running 
exjienses  were  enormous. 

Port  Captain  J.  W.  Troup,  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  demonstrated  his  ability  as  a 
practical  steamboatman  in  1888  by  building  the  T.  J.  Poller,  the  fastest  sidewheel  steamer  in  the  Northwest.     The 

Poller  was  modeled  after  the  famous  Hudson  River  steamer  Daniel 
,.  ,  _..!j  .^.  :  .  /?/-<7i',  but  Troup  made  .some  changes  of  material  benefit  in  the  design. 

She  is  two  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long,  thirty-five  feet  lieatn,  and 
ten  feet  four  inches  hold,  with  engines  thirty-two  by  ninety-six 
inches.  The  hou.se  and  upper  works  were  taken  from  the  old  Wide 
W'esl.  and  no  faster  or  finer  steamer  of  her  size  has  ever  floated.  She 
was  placed  on  the  seaside  route  soon  after  completion,  in  charge  of 


STKAMI'.M    '■'!".   J.    PtITTKK  ■ 


-'I'rank  IlraKK,  secretary  of  the  San  fraiicisco  Marine  KiiKineers'  Asso- 
ciation, was  liorii  ill  San  fraiicisco  in  1X5,1  anil  coniirenceil  liis  marine  service  in 
1H75  as  oiler  1)11  the  City  ol  Syditiy.  lie  reniaineil  Ihere  for  two  ytars  anil  then 
accepte<l  a  position  as  iiiacliinist  in  the  I'liiteil  States  Navy,  leaving  there  to  enter 
the  .service  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steanisliip  Company  as  fourth  assistant  engineer 
1)11  tlie  steamship  tV/l' (1/  /V'/;«c,  from  which  he  was  transferred  to  the  Cotiiiiii, 
where  he  reniaineil  for  nearly  six  years,  occupying;  the  positions  of  third  and  first 
assistant.  He  next  ran  to  Alaska  as  chief  on  the  steam  schooner  Jianie  for  three 
years.  Other  steamers  with  which  he  has  ln'cn  connected  are  Ihe  XiUiboy,  i., 
which  he  placed  the  engines  and  ran  as  chief,  the  U'ist  Coast  iiiil  flfendoiino 
as  chief,  niiil  the  steamshi]>s  .S'i/«  juon,  I'eiii,  and  the  steamer  /hiiiiitliss,  as 
first  assistant.  He  was  then  elected  business  maiianer  and  financial  secretary 
of  the  San  l-'raiicisco  Marine  I'ji^jinecrs'  .Association,  No.  t,^.  and  was  re-elected 
ill   1S95, 

'■J.  V.  11.  I'erry.  eiiKineer,  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  1.S52.  His  first 
marine  work  was  in  the  service  of  a  coast  wrecking  comjiany,  ami  be  came  to  the 
I'acific  Coast  in  1S78,  joiniiiK  the  steamer  . //j.vXii  as  oiUr.  He  was  next  water- 
leiiiler  and  assistant  eiiKineer  on  Ihe  steamer  Cily  ol  Votio,  ami  tliiril  and  second 
assistant  on  the  steamships  OVi  01  t'oiiiiiiiti  and  i'ily  ii,  A'ic  i/<  Jantiio,  anil  then 
entered  the  employ  of  the  I'acific  Coast  Steamship  Company  as  first  assistant  on 
the  steamship  <,i'o)j;i-  II'.  lildii.  lie  was  next  chief  mi  the  steamers  i'oos  /Iny, 
Honila,  Jennie,  Soulli  Coast.  MagKif  Uoss.  Smlia  ami  tun  /\'isiiie,  and  was  also 
first  assistant  on  the  steamships  iolima  ami  Sun  IHos.  He  retired  from  the  water 
a  few  vears  bro  and  has  since  been  eUKineer  of  the  Colnmbia  UnildniK  in  San  Francisco. 

'I'Mward  I  Powers  engineer,  was  born  in  San  l"rancisci)  in  1866.  He  coinmcnceil  work  in  the  steamship  .service  in  1SS4 
ami  Miveil  on  the  .-//  AV  Queen,  Jennie,  State  of  Ca  ifotnio.  luvieliior  and  others.  He  went  to  Alaska  in  1.S9J  as  first  assistant 
on  tlu-  steam  .schooin  -  /lanie  with  chief  enRineer  V.  C,m\0\.  who  died  at  sea  and  was  Imrieil  at  Kort  Wrannel.  Mr.  Powers  then 
look  1  liarKe  for  the  remainder  of  the  two  months  trip,  and  with  but  two  engineers  brouKht  the  steamer  hack  to  San  Irancisco, 
remaiiiiiiK  with  her  until  she  was  laid  up.  He  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Merchants'  Ice  &  Cold  Storage  Company,  where  be 
has  since  remained. 

"lleiiiamin  Yohuk  of  Astoria,  Or.,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  i84,v  He  built  the  steamer  Claia  Yoitnx  at  Westmirater  in  1SS7 
•nil  sold  her  with  his  cannery  interests  in  1892      He  was  also  interested  in  a  numlier  of  other  steamers  in  the  Northwest. 


CAI'T.    liDWAsn   SCLI.IVAN 


1    : 


.VS4 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Archie  h.  Pease,  captain  ;  Edward  Sullivan,"  pilot ;  Thomas  Smith,  chief  engineer  ;  Phil  Carnes,  assistant  :  and 
Daniel  O'Neil,  purser.  She  made  remarkable  time  on  that  run  and  was  taken  off  in  Septenilwr  and  sent  to  l'iii»et 
Sound,  Captain  Pease,  lingineer  Smith  and  Steward  Charles  Petrie,'-  going  with  her.  She  was  engaged  on  ilie 
Seattle  and  Olympia  route  until  the  seaside  business  opened  on  the  Columbia  in  1889,  when  she  returned  t»  the 
traffic  for  which  she  was  intended.  She  was  on  the  Sound  again  in  i8(;o,  indulging  in  some  lively  steanilxiat 
r.-ces,  and  in  June  made  a  record  of  one  hour  twenty-two  and  one-half  minutes  lietween  Seattle  and  T.nioma. 
While  on  the  inland  sea  she  raced  with  the  Ci/j'  of  Seattle,  liailiy  Gatzert  and  Multnomuh,  and  returned  to  ihe 
Columbia  with  a  gilt  greyhound  and  a  broom  on  her  pilot-house.  Captain  Pease  re-signed  his  position  in  iSi;i  to 
engage  as  a  branch  pilot,  and  Capt.  I^dward  Sullivan  has  handled  her  most  of  the  time  since,  making  a  roiiiul 
trip  a  day  on  the  Astoria  route,  alternating  with  the  A'.  A'.  Tliom/ison.  Critics  have  failed  to  appreciate  >otue 
of  Captain  Troup's  steamboating  methods,  but  the  steamer  /".  /.  /'otter  and  her  remarkable  performances 
demonstrate,  in  the  best  possible  manner,  the  talent  and  ability  of  her  builder. 

Jacob  Kanim,  who  constructed  his  first  steamboat  on  the  Willamette  over  a  tliird  of  a  century  before,  in 
1888  came  to  the  front  with  a  companion  for  his  famous  Lurline.  The  new  boat,  which  was  christened  tlie 
Undine,  was  launched  from  J.  H.  Steffen's  yard  January  ,;d.  She  is  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long,  twenty-seven 
feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  sixteen  and  one-fourth  by  sixty  inches,  was  intended  for  the  N'ancouver 
route,  and,  with  the  exception  of  occasional    trips   to    Astoria   and    in    the  excursion  business,  has  remained 

there  since.     Her  machinery  wps 

r  placed    liy  C.  \V.   Kvnns,  and    Capt. 

Charles  T.  Kantni  was  master  until 
i.'^yz,  when  Joseph  Burgy  took 
command  and  has  since  had  charge. 
Fred  .S.  Shepherd,"  engineer,  and 
^'  .  JJ  Frank   Malniquist,  purser,  have  been 

"  with  the  steamer  during  the  greater 

part  of  her  existence.  She  is  at  pres- 
ent making  two  round  trips  a  day 
on  the  \'ancouver  route.  The  new 
Telephouc ,  which  had  arisen  from 
tiie  ruins  of  the  old  steamer,  was 
launclied  April  28th  and  made  lier 
trial  trip  to  .\storia.  May  20tli.  She 
is  .still  running  on  the  Astoria  route. 
and  in  1894  made  312  round  trips 
lietween  Portland  and  Astoria,  cover- 
ing a  distance  of  65,920  miles  and 
making  12,731  landings.  Her  officers 
for  the  year  were  Thomas  H.  Crang, 
captain  ;  William  Iv  Larkius,  pilot ;  J.  U.  /Cumwalt,  first  officer  ;  Charles  W.  I^vaiis,"  chief  engineer  :  William 
Coffin,  first  assistant;   C.  R.  Donahoe,  purser;    A.  R.  McGillis,  steward;    Iv.  B.  Scott,  freight  clerk.     The  tng 


i 


Steamkk  "Tklkpiionr' 


"Ca{  1.  Kilwaril  Sullivan  wa.s  born  in  Portland  in  i860  and  commenced  steaniboating  on  tlie  Manziinillo  in  |}>.Sj.  He 
afterward  rai,  to  llie  Cascniles  for  I'ope  &  Winch  on  their  steamers  Calliope  «nl  Mulliioinnh,  le.ivinn  their  employ  for  that  ol  ilie 
Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  where  he  was  en|{a);ed  for  a  short  time  as  purser.  .Not  oatiuK  for  this  position  he  ri'si!.;iii.il, 
was  appointed  mate  and  then  pilot  on  the  company's  steamers,  and  in  188S  was  given  command  of  the  /;'.  A'.  C<wk.  After  rui.iiiii); 
her  a  short  time  he  joined  the  A*.  A'.  Thompson  as  pilot,  with  Capt.  Samuel  Colson,  and  in  this  capacity  made  an  excellent  reidnl. 
He  was  suhseimently  with  Capt.  Archie  I'ease  on  the  T.  /.  I'oller,  );°inf(  with  her  to  the  Sound,  hut  returuiuK  to  icsumc  his  fcirniir 
twrth  on  the  '/'hoiiifisoH.  Soon  after  Captain  1'ea.se  was  made  a  branch  pilot,  Sullivan  was  appointed  master  of  the  T.J.  Pulli'i,  .iinl 
has  since  handled  her  on  the  Astoria  route,  meeting  with  success.  Captain  Su^.ivan  i .  of  a  very  (|uiet  and  unpretentious  iiiiiuic, 
and  has  l>een  advanced  to  his  j, resent  position  solely  on  his  merits  iis  a  practical  steaniboatnuui. 

"Charles  Petrie,  .steward,  was  horn  in  I'rankfort-onthe  Main,  (fermany,  in  1S45,  saileil  out  of  Holland  |>orts  from  t^'«^  \u 
1871,  and  then  ran  on  Mississippi  River  steamers.  In  the  spring  of  1.S74  he  was  cast  away  in  the  South  Pacific  and  with  iirial 
(litficulty  reached  Callao.  Prom  that  time  until  iSSo  he  was  engaged  in  deep-water  service  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  He  jnincl 
the  steamship  Cilv  of  Chfsler  at  San  Prancisco  and  ran  with  her  to  Portland  for  a  short  time.  He  then  entereil  the  employ  "I  ilie 
Oregon  Railway  ^  Navigation  Company,  serving  with  them  and  their  successors  for  a  number  of  years,  going  from  the  Coluiiit^ia  to 
Puget  Sound  on  the  steamer  T.  /.  /filler,  and  reni.uuing  with  her  and  the  .  llnsktin  for  several  years.  He  was  also  on  tin-  .\  /M 
/'iici/if.  I'irlohan  anil  /•'hvi  on  the  Soinnl.  When  the  latter  steauier  burned  he  joincil  the  llnylioii  Hipiihlu ,  leaving  her  in  I'driliiiMl 
to  accept  a  |>osition  on  shore. 

"  pred  S.  Shepherd,  engineer,  of  Portland,  Or,  was  liorn  in  Massachusetts  in  |S.)4  His  first  steamboat  c^ipcriemv  in  the 
Northwest  was  on  the  tug  (iolinh  on  Puget  .Sound.  After  running  there  for  a  time  he  came  to  the  Coluuibih  River  and  for  llii  i>.isl 
few  years  has  been  in  the  service  of  Jacob  Kanim  as  engineer  on  the  (Jniliiif  and  /.urli'ir.  He  was  also  employed  on  the  si  iiiicr 
Notiiia  on  the  upper  Snake  River,  anil  while  there  engaged  in  about  the  roughest  steambnating  that  could  )>e  JTound  anywlKiu  nil 
the  Coast.     He  is  at  present  chief  on  the  Umliiie,  running  to  Vancouver. 

"Charles  W.  Kvans,  engineer,  was  born  in  Nauvoo,  111.,  in  1856,  and  has  spent  over  twenty  years  in  the  marine  bii'iu'ss. 
serving  as  chief  engineer  on  the  Mississippi,  Ohio,  Missouri  and  Red  livers.  He  arrived  at  Portland  in  December,  1.SS7,  an  I  Ha* 
employed  in  fitting  the  engines  of  the  Uiiitine.  His  work  on  this  steamer  was  of  a  nature  which  made  his  services  eagerly  sni^jht. 
Mr,  Ivvans  was  appointed  to  his  present  position  as  chief  of  the  Teliphoiie  about  five  years  ago,  and  the  remarkable  record  <•(  die 
steamer  since  that  time  is  an  ample  recommendation  of  his  abilities.  His  career  on  the  I'acific  Coast  has  not  been  marked  !  any 
exciting  scenes,  but  while  on  the  Kastern  Slope  he  was  on  the  llnnnork  Cilv  when  she  sank  in  the  Ouchita  River,  and  ou  the  /'.  . '. 
Miudoiiitid,  which  collided  with  the  railroad  bridge  over  tlie  Mississippi  at  Keokuk,  Iowa. 


issistaiit :  ami 
sent  to  I'u^et 
iigaged  oil  the 
turned  to  the 
■ely  steamlmat 
and  Taioma. 
turned  to  the 
ion  in  i.Scji  to 
aking  a  round 
ipreciatc  some 
performances 

lury  l)efore,  in 
christened  tlie 
,  twenty-seven 
the  N'ancouver 
has   remained 

hinery  w?,s 
lis,  and  Capt. 
i   master  until 

Burgy  took 
e  had  charge, 
nigineer,  and 
ier,  have  lieen 
ig  the  greater 
.She  is  at  prcs- 
d  trips  a  day 
ite.  The  new 
id  arisen  rrom 

steamer,  was 
ind   made   her 

ly  2()tli.     She 

Astoria  route, 
round  trips 
\storia,  cover- 
i2u  miles  and 
Her  officers 
as  H.  Crang, 
leer  ;  William 
erk.     The  tug 


'lo  ill  i.SSj.  He 
y  for  llmt  ol  ilie 
ion  lie  rfsii;m.'il, 
After  ruijiiii^' 
xcellent  ri'rr)nl. 
suine  liis  liiinifr 
7'. ./.  Polti-i .  :uu\ 
tentioiiH  nitttiir, 

rts  from  i^'«)  to 

anil  with  u-rtat 

111.     Ileiiiiiii"! 

ic  employ  itl  the 

llie  ColiiiTiliiii  to 

so  on  the  X  iilli 

her  in  I'liriliiml 

;j|)erieniv  in  the 

mil  for  till-  ]>ast 

on  the  hi.  liner 

ml  «ny\vln'ii-  on 

narinc  Im-  'U"^s. 
!r,  1SS7,  ai'  '  nas 
eajjerly  '.oii^'ht. 
le  recoril  '  '  the 
marked  !  my 
III  on  tilt  /'.  .'■ 


Large  Increase  in  British  Columbia's  Inland  and  Ocean  Steam  Fleet 


355 


^>1 


CAl'T.    I-KKD  SliriKMAN 


(„,'iXi-  II.  Mendell  was  .set  afloat  from  J.  H.  Steffen's  yard  May  10th  for  the  United  States  Knginetrs,  to  lie  used 

ill  lowing  stone  barges  between  Astoria  and  the  Fort  Stevens  jetty.     She  is  ninety  feet  five  inches  long,  eighteen 

feci  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold.     On  completion  she  was  placed  in  charge  of  Capt.  John  W.  Brown  and  Chief 

Engineer  James  Drennon,  who  have  since  handled  her  in  a  highly  satisfactory  manner.     The  tug  Louise  Vaughn, 

owned  by  the  city  of  Portland,  appeared  in  1888,  having  been  rebuilt  from  the  wreck  of  the  Hcrmina.     She  has 

.since  lieen  used  as  a  tender  for  the  dredges  and  has  been  handled  by  George  Kwry,  M.  A.  Hackett,  Willis  C.  Snow 

and  Henry  Kindred.  The  steam  schooner  Augusta  was  constructed  at 
Oneatta  or.  Yaquina  Bay  by  Capt.  Paul  Schrader,  who  has  operated  her 
in  the  coasting  trade,  S.  V.  Leabo  serving  as  engineer  most  of  the  time. 
The  Augusta  is  .seventy-nine  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  seven 
feet  hold,  with  engines  twelve  by  twelve  inches. 

The  Polar  Dear  was  launched  at  Astoria  in  1888  for  the  Alaska 
Packing  Company.  She  is  sixty -seven  feet  nine  inches  long,  eighteen 
feet  two  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  four  inches  hold,  with  engines  eight 
and  one-half  and  six  by  twelve  inches.  Despite  her  comparatively 
small  size  the  steamer  has  made  yearly  trips  to  Bristol  Bay,  Alaska. 
On  returning  in  charge  of  her  first  master,  Charles  A.  Johanson,  .she 
covered  over  two  thousand  miles  in  fourteen  days  without  sighting 
land.  Capt.  John  M.  Olsen ''  was  in  command  for  about  four  years,  and 
Louis  O.  Haaven  handled  her  one  sea.son.  Her  headquarters  at  present 
are  in  San  Francisco.  Another  fine  propeller,  the  Woiona,  was  built  at 
Astoria  for  M.  P.  Callender  of  Rnappton.  She  is  sixty-three  feet  six 
inches  long,  sixteen  feet  four  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  four  inches 
hold,  with  engines  twelve  by  twelve  inches.  Capt.  J.  H.  Laniley  has 
been  master  of  the  steamer  since  her  completion,  with  Oscar  Wilson, 
engineer.  The  steamer  Rival  was  launched  at  Knappton  by  Capt.  John 
Pickernell  and   H.  W.  Robson.      Pickernell  operated  her  until   1890, 

when  she  wus  succeeded  by  the  Mayjloicer.     Capt.  Brazil  Grounds,  who  lost  his  steam  schooner  Queen  of  the  Day 

in  1887,  replaced  her  with  the  Maid  of  Oregon,  length  ninety-one  feet  three  inches,  beam  twenty-five  feet,  and 

depth  of  hold  five  feet  nine  inches.     He  ran  her  on  the  Columbia  River  until  1892  and  then  took  her  to  the 

.Sound,  where  she  has  since  been  engaged.     The  Aberdeen  Packing  Company  of  Ilwaco  built  the  Volga  at 

.\storia  as  a  tender  to  their  cannery,     li.  Farrell  and  W.  E.  Parrott 

were  masters  of  the  steamer  on  the  Columbia,  and  in   1891  she  was 

sent  to  Puget  .Sound,  where  she  has  been  handled  by  the  Barringtons 

and  a  number  of  other  .Sound  captains.     The  \  'olga  is  forty-eight  feet 

three  inches  long,  thirteen  feet  three  inches  beam,  and  four  feet  four  j^i^^^^^^^^^^Kii  '>■ 

inches  hold,  with  engines  eight  and  one-half  by  ten  inches.     J.  B. 

.Montgomery  of  Portland,  who  had  extensive  property  interests  at 

Alliina,  completed  the  fast  propeller  Cyclone  to  run  in  the  ferry  service 

lietwcen  the  city  and  her  suburb  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Willamette. 

The  Cyclone  was  seventy-eight  feet  long,  fourteen  feet  beam,  and  six 

feet  hold,  with  a  pair  of  ten  by  twelve  inch  engines,  which  gave  her 

great  speed.     Fred  Sherman  "  had  charge  of  her  until  1890,  when  he 

was  succeeded  by  Charles  Hooghkirk.     Frank  Brunger  was  engineer 

for  several  years.     When  the  bridges  and  electric  cars  appropriated 

this  traffic,  the  Cyclone  was  operated   on  a  number  of  routes  out  of 

Portland  by  Harry  Montgomery,  and  in  1894  was  sold  to  Capt.  H.  V'an 

.\ukeii  ai"d  Al  Muiiger,  who  placed  her  on  the  Vancouver  route.     She 

afterward  ran  to  I,a  Camas,  where  .she  burned  early  in  1895. 

Capt.  James  T.  Chatterton,  who  had  been  running  the  Tressie 

May  on  Yaquina    Bay  for  .several   years,  in  1888  built  the  steamer 

T.   I/.  Richardson  at  Oneatta,  and  has  since  been  operating  her  out  of 

Newport.    The  &\.f:M\\Qr  Mountain  Duck  was  .set  afloat  at  Nasel  in  1888  by  Dubois  and  Barrow.    She  was  intended 


Capt.  I),  w.  Doiihin!: 


''Caut.  Juhu  M.  Olscii  was  born  in  Norway  in  1850,  eaiiie  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1877,  and  began  running  as  mate  on  the 
Ml!  ii-  Afacleay  between  the  Columbia  River  and  Honolnlu.  After  leaving  her  lie  remaineil  ashore  for  several  years  and  in  r888 
look  I  oinmaiKl  of  the  /'ii/io  /t'ccii \  which  he  ran  to  .Maska  for  several  seasons,  and  ill  the  winter  operated  her  on  coast  routes  north 
anil   outli  of  the  Columbia.     He  also  hanilleil  the  steamers  (icoiffc  //.  Chance  and  .  /.  /I.  Field.     He  died  in  Sau  Francisco  in  1894. 

"Capt.  I"reil  Slieriimii  coinmeneed  steaniboating  nearly  twenty  years  ago  on  small  steamers  plying  out  of  Astoria.  He  was 
iiiasu-r  of  J,  (f.  Meglar's  steamer  Edith  for  a  short  time,  was  afterwanl  engaged  as  mate  and  pilot  on  the  Fleetwood,  and  also  held  a 
sinii  ir  position  on  the  passenger  steamers  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  running  to  Astoria.  After  leaving  the 
wrvue  of  that  company  he  haudleil  the  Cyclone  for  a  lille  while,  and,  when  The  Dalles,  Portland  &  .Vstoria  Navigation  Company 
was  Mijraiiizeil,  he  liciame  one  of  the  stocklioUlers.  He  was  given  cuuimaud  of  the  Regnlator  soon  after  her  completion,  reinaniing 
Willi  lier  until  1X94,  when  lie  came  back  to  the  lower  river  and  was  engaged  as  pilot  on  the  steamer  Sarali  Dixon. 


r  n 


yi 


ff 


il ! 


Il- 


'A 


!ii    ■  1 


356 


Lewis  4  Dryden  s  Marino  History  of  the  Paoifio  Northwest 


■S^-ift'^*'' 


for  service  on  the  Nasel  River  and  Shoalwater  Bay  and  has  ))een  commanded  by  Captains  Knud  Bull,  J.  p. 
Whitcomb  and  J,  M.  Mclntyre.  The  steam  launches  Urisk  and  Jessie  were  constructed  at  Portland,  the  fornicr 
for  Pred  R.  Coggeshall  of  Eureka,  who  lost  his  life  while  boarding  her  in  1889.  She  is  now  owned  by  Peterson  Ac 
Larsen  of  Astoria,  and  the  Jessie  by  Capt.  D.  W.  Dobbins"  of  Aberdeen.  The  small  propeller  Herald,  length 
sixty-one  feet  four  inch<^s,  beam  fourteen  feet  nine  inches,  and  depth  of  hold  five  feet  three  inches,  at  presi-iit 
owned  by  C.  B.  Weatherwax,  was  launched  at  Aberdeen  for  service  on  Gray's  Harbor.  The  Aberdeen,  Itiiyth 
seventy-seven  feet  and  beam  sixteen  feet,  was  completed  at  the  same  place.  Two  fine  sternwheelers  were  built  at 
Pasco,  Wash.,  in  18K8  for  the  upper  Columbia  business  by  Thomas  L.  Nixon  and  L.  E.  Post  of  Tacoraa.  The 
larger,  the  Thomas  L.  Nixon,  was  one  hundred  and  fifty-eight  feet  six  inches  long,  thirty-six  feet  one  inch  beam, 
and  five  feet  eight  inches  hold,  with  engines  seventeen  by  sixty  inches.  Capt.  W.  P.  Gray  was  first  in  command, 
and  A.  W.  Gray  afterward  had  charge  of  the  steamer.  The  other,  the  City  of  Ellensburg,  was  one  hundred  and 
I  teteen  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  nine  inches  beam,  and  four  feet  five  inches  hold,  with  engines  twelve  by 
t  'ty-six  inches.  Capt.  Al  Gray  was  her  first  master.  She  was  purchased  from  the  Nixon  estate  in  1892  l)y 
J.  R.  Peters  and  M.  S.  Donohue,  and  for  the  past  two  years  has  been  run  by  Capt.  C.  E.  Hansen."" 

The  Michigan  and  the  Lakme,  two  fine  steam  coasters,  appeared  in  1888.  The  first  mentioned  was 
constructed  at  Skamockawa  on  the  Columbia  River  for  William  M.  and  George  L.  Colwell,  recent  arrivals  from 
the  East.  She  was  one  hundred  and  fifty-eight  feet  three  inches  long  and  thirty-four  feet  beam,  with  engine.s 
eleven,  fourteen,  twenty  and  thirty-one  by  twenty-four  inches.     She  was  placed  in  charge  of  Captain  Killnian, 

who  was  succeeded  by  C.  H.  Lewis,  and  proved  a  very  unlucky  .ship 
She  caught  fire  at  sea  in  November,  1890,  while  en  route  from  the 
Sound  to  Portland,  and  after  a  wild  run  down  the  coast  readied 
Astoria  all  ablaze.  The  Astoria  Fire  Department  pumped  her  full  of 
water,  the  damage  was  repaired,  and  she  again  started  out.  She  was 
seized  soon  afterward  for  smuggling  and  put  under  heavy  lionds,  and 
in  January,  1893,  was  wrecked  on  Vancouver  Island  near  Cape  Heale 
(see  wreck  of  Michigan,  1893).  The  steamer  was  built  by  L.  Mor- 
tenson  and  was  one  of  the  most  strongly  constructed  ves.sels  of  her 
class  that  ever  floated.  The  Lakme  is  one  hundred  and  seventy-six 
feet  eight  inches  long,  thirty-eight  feet  eight  inches  beam,  and  twelve 
feet  hold,  a  trifle  smaller  than  the  Michigan,  and  was  constructed  at 
Port  Madison,  making  her  first  trip  in  February,  1889,  with  Captain 
Harrison.  She  was  chartered  by  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation 
Company  in  September,  1889,  and  in  command  of  Captains  Carter 
and  Graves  was  engaged  in  their  service  for  a  long  time  in  coniiectinn 
with  the  Michigan.  She  is  at  present  running  to  Puget  Sound.  A 
regular  steamship  service  between  Gray's  Harbor  and  San  Fraii^-isco 
was  established  in  18S8,  the  Point  I.oma  being  the  pioneer  in  that 
traffic.  She  was  afterward  assisted  by  the  new  Cosniapotis,  Capt. 
George  Dettmers,'"  completed  in  San  Francisco  in  1887.  The  /'<'inl 
Loma  is  still  engaged  on  the  route,  and  since  her  advent  several 
diflTerent  steamers  have  been  in  the  same  trade.  Wallowa  Lake,  one 
of  Oregon's  interior  waterways,  was  favored  in  1888  with  its  first  and 
only  steamer,  the  Alpha,  a  small  propeller  with  a  ten  horse-power  engine.  After  running  a  few  years  '.lie 
machinery  was  removed  and  the  hull  laid  up.     F.  I).  McCully  wiis  her  owner  and  Charles  B.  Turner,  engineer. 

Fully  a  score  of  new  steamers  appeared  on  Puget  Sound  in  1888.  The  Pacific  Navigation  Company 
launched  the  sternwheeler  Henry  Bailey  at  Tacoma.  She  was  one  hundred  and  eight  feet  six  inches  long, 
twenty-five  feet  four   inches  beam,  and   four   feet  seven   inches   hold,  and   was  commanded   for  a  while  liy 

"Cajit.  I).  W.  Uobtiins  was  horn  in  ()rcKO»  >"  ■M.S4  and  IkK""  steanilioatinK  as  a  (■a1)in  l)oy  on  tile  Astoria  route,  running  »ii 
the  Coluiulna  River  for  ten  years  in  viirious  capacities.  He  tlieii  went  to  San  fnincisro.  wliere  lie  held  the  position  of  second  iiuitf 
on  the  Conslanltne  and  other  steamers  in  Ooodall,  I'erkins  it  Co's  employ  for  nearly  a  year,  returning  to  the  Columbia  111  iil'niil 
1876  and  serving  as  mate  on  the  JVrsilic  and  Chamfiion.  He  then  reniaineil  ashore  for  a  Tew  years  and  in  IHMH  was  innster  i>t  the 
steamer  haltel.  On  leaving  her  he  purchased  the  Nnv  Ys'ik,  which  he  look  to  Shoalwater  Bay  in  iSSij,  o|)erBting  her  there  li>r  :i 
year  and  then  purchasing  the  Jessie,  which  he  has  since  heen  liandling  out  of  Alierdeen.  Harly  in  1K95  he  built  the  steainiT  /  .11 
at  Aljerdeen,  intending  her  for  a  passeiiKer  and  towboat  for  the  riv?r  riiKlliarbor  trade. 

^^Capt.  C.  H.  Hansen  was  bom  in  Denmark  in  1S5S,  atnl,  afier  sailing  nu  deep-water  vessels  for  a  iiumlier  of  years,  re.i^licd 
the  upper  Columbia  in  iS8^  anil  commenced  work  on  the  steamer  Sfintunc.  He  was  afterwaril  mate  on  the  steamer  /-Wif'  'ict 
Hillinxs  for  five  years,  going  from  her  to  the  Cilv  of  Ullensbur);,  where  he  held  the  same  position  until  1S92.  He  then  left  In  1  m 
take  charge  of  the  steamer  Thomas  t..  Xiron,  which  he  ran  as  a  transfer  boat  at  Weiiatcliee  for  eighteen  months,  then  Mkiuk 
command  of  the  Citv  0/  KIleKshiirg,  where  he  still  remains. 

"Capt.  Ceorije  Dettmers  was  born  in  Germany  in  18^5  and  sailed  out  of  his  native  ports  in  deep-water  ships  until  I1S75,  "  In'" 
he  came  to  the  I'acinc  Coast  He  arriveil  in  San  Francisco  from  China  on  an  American  man  of  war,  leaving  her  there  and  s1m|'I  hik 
on  the  Hassler,  from  which  lie  went  to  the  steamers  Sea  Xymph  ami  Coiicoidia.  About  1S76  lie  went  as  mate  on  the  srln  "it 
ll'eslern  Home,  afterward  occupying  a  similar  position  on  the  Killy  .Steiens  and  I'auline,  and  later  having  cliarxe  of  the  latter,  lie 
was  mate  of  the  schooner  (ieoige  K.  /fii^fins  for  eiKliteen  moiitlis  and  master  of  her  four  years,  leaving  her  to  take  cliarne  oi  ilie 
steam  schooner  Celia,  which  he  ran  until  the  steam  schooner  Cosmofiolis  was  built.  He  began  running  as  master  of  the  Cosiih'f  " 
about  seven  years  ago  and  still  has  charge. 


Km  AND   K.    DAVIS 


Large  Increase  in  British  Columbia's  Inland  and  Ocean  Steam  Fleet 


,VS7 


Capt.  Samuel  Denny.  Herliert  Parker"'  afterward  had  charge  of  her.  In  1894  she  was  chartered  by  Capt. 
A.  K.  I<e  Ballister,"  but  sank  a  few  months  later,  and  on  lieing  rat.sed  was  sold  by  the  United  States  marshal  for 
al)i)Ut  one-fourth  of  her  original  value.  The  steamer  De//a,  length  forty-nine  feet  two  inches,  beam  thirteen  feet 
two  inches,  and  depth  of  hohl  five  feet,  was  built  at  Stanwood,  and  is  owned  by  Capt.  D.  Troutman.  She  is  still 
ill  .service,  running  out  of  Seattle,  and  has  recently  been  handled  by  Captains  Charles  Madison  and  Daniel 
Troutman,  with  Engineers  William  Headland  and  Theodore  Burrell.  The  Harry  Lynn  was  constructed  at 
Tacoma  by  Harry  and  L>ynn  Maloney,  railroad  men.  She  was  fifty  feet  four  inches  long,  fifteen  feet  six  inches 
lH-:im,  and  six  feet  one  inch  hold.  J.  A.  Williams  was  first  in  charge,  and  she  has  recently  been  run  by  Capt. 
Roland  E.  Davis."  Perley  and  Dean  of  Samish  were  owners  of  the  sternwheeler  Mary  F.  Perley,  which  appeared 
in  !888.  The  .steamer  was  one  hundred  and  four  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  five  inches  hold. 
She  l)elongs  at  pre.sent  to  Thomas  Redding  and  has  recently  been  handled  by  Captain  Benson  and  Engineer 
J.  R.  Drury.  Capt.  J.  R.  Matthews  launched  the  propeller  Edison  at  Samish  and  used  her  in  the  jobbing  trade. 
The  steamer  A".  W.  Piirdy  made  her  trial  trip  at  Seattle,  Deceml)er  4th.  She  was  owned  by  E.  W.  Purdy, 
VV.  K.  Merwin,  E.  M.  Barrington  "  and  J.  A.  Thomp.son,  and  was  afterward  sold  to  Merwin  and  J.  W.  Young.  The 
tug  /.  E.  Hoyden,  length  eighty-five  feet  four  inches,  beam  nineteen  feet,  depth  of  hold  nine  feet  eight  inches,  was 
.set  afloat  ot  North  Seattle  by  T.  W.  Lake  for  Capt.  T.  A.  Jensen  and  is  still  in  active  service.  Up  to  the  pre.sent 
time  the  traffic  on  Lake  Washington  had  not  required  a  very  pretentious  steamer,  but  in  1888  a  fine  propeller  was 
l)iiilt  at  Houghton.     She  was  christened  the  Kirkland         and  was  ninety-five  feet  five  inches  long,  nineteen  feet 


fuiir  inches  beam,  and  eight  feet  two  inches  hold 

the  Meta,  completed  at  Olympia,  the  Halys  at 

soUl  her  to  the  San  Francisco  Bridge  Company, 

L;ikt',  the  Jayhauker  at  Seattle,  and  the 

liroiight  from  San  Francisco.    The  lirick 

James  Tarte  ;    the  Dispatch  was  .sold 

K.  Oibbons  and  1'.  Pierce  for  four 

taking  her  to  Alaska  ;  the  Helen 

Ellis   to   Captain    Pratt ;    the 

Allen,  was  brought  from 

the  Lone  Fis/ierman  was 

liy  the  Cutting  Packing 

the  Evaufrel  of  J.  P.  Ludlow 

Townsend  for  nine  thousand  five 

Isabel  was  sold  by  the  Oregon  Rail- 

Dtinsmuir,  the  coal  king,  of  Victoria, 

purchased  by  British  Colunil'ia  parties 

Seattle  was  brought  around  from  Portland 

!•■.  Steffen.     Her  dimensions  are:  length,  one 

beam,  thirty-three    feet    two   inches ;    depth   of 

niiig    between    tl;e    Puget    Sound   metropolis   and 

The    tugboat    bi:siness  of   Puget 
friiin  .San  Francisco  of  the  Sea  Lion,  Capt. 


Capt.  K.  M.  Harbisi.ton 


Other  small  steamers  appearing  on  the  Sound  were 
Seattle  by  Rev.  R.  B.  Dilworth,  who  afterward 
by  whom  the  was  shipped  to  Pend  d'Oreille 
steam  launches  Hadloek,  Fawn  and  Hattie, 
was  lengthened   and    refitted   by   Capt. 
by  George  T.  Meyers  to  J.  T.  Martin, 
thousand  dollars,  the  new  owners 
was  disposed  of  by  Capt.  W.  H. 
Jennie  June,   Capt.  James 
Squak  Lake  to  Black  River : 
purchased  of  H.  E.  Levy 
Company  in  February,  and 
by   Captain   Morgan   of   Port 
hundred   dollars.     The   steamer 
way   &    Navigation    Company    to 
who  refitted  her,  and  the  Phantom  was 
The  large   sidewheel   ferry-boat  City  of 
where  she  had   been  constructed  by  John 
hundred    and    twenty-five    feet    five   inches ; 
hold,  eight  and  one-half  feet.     She  is  still  run- 
West  Seattle,  Capt.  W.  \.  Waitt   .serving  as  pilot. 
Sound  was  slightly  disturbed  by  the  arrival 
Samuel  H.  Randall."     .She  was  constructed 


at  Camden,  N.  J.,  in  1884,  and  is  one  hundred  and  seven  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  thirteen  feet  hold. 
She  is  fast  and  powerful  and  made  matters  interesting  for  the  Sound  tugs  until  a  compromise  was  effected. 

'"Ciipt.  IIrrl>ert  I'arker  is  a  imlive-l>orii  steaiiilioatuiaii,  and  first  saw  the  \\^\X  at  Olympia,  Wash.  His  father,  Capt.  J.  U. 
r.irker,  was  the  pioneer  steaiiihoatnian  of  I'uKet  Sound,  and  nalnrally  enough  the  vounK  man  adopted  that  profession.  He  handled 
the  steamers  Daisy  and  Messenger  wliile  yet  a  lioy,  afterward  servinn  as  mate,  master  and  pilot  on  a  number  of  well  known  .Sound 
^tianiers.  Captain  I'arker  was  ma.ster  of  the  Fleetwood  for  several  months  after  she  went  around  from  the  Columbia,  and  in  1894  lie 
nt'iit  to  California,  where  he  was  employed  for  a  sliori  time  on  the  .Sacramento  Kivcr,  returning  to  the  Sound  in  1895. 

"Capt.  A.  Iv.  he  Hallister  was  born  in  California,  and  hiis  been  steamlmating  on  I'uKet  Sound  since  1877.  His  first  ves.sel 
»  IS  the  h'aivrite,  and,  after  leaving  her,  he  eiitereil  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  anil  has  since  run 
as  master  and  pilot  on  a  il07.eii  well  known  steamers.  He  was  with  the  Afonlieello  for  several  months  and  left  her  to  charter  the 
( /,(/ii  Hrowii,  which  he  ojierated  until  she  sank  in  1)194. 

"Capt.  Roland  K.  Davis,  of  Roach  Harlior,  Wa.sli.,  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  and  commenceil  his  marine  service  on  the  tuj; 
.V  /..  Masliik  on  I'uget  Sound  in  iSSu.  He  was  afterward  eniployeil  on  the  steamers  Helen,  llespahh,  Holyoke,  Daisy,  Washington, 
II'  A'.  .lA-ffci// and  0'/i'()/'('«i«fi' as  fireman  and  euKineer.  When  the  steamer  San  yuan  commenced  running,  he  joined  her  in 
tlu  latter  capacity,  afterwarif  takiiiK  commanil,  and  since  that  time  has  been  engaKed  as  master,  having  charge  at  different  times  of 
thf  I'hanlom, ,/.  H.  l.ibby,  W.  F.  alunroe,  Nellie,  IHIot,  J.  A'.  Mi/)onald,  A'afiia  Transit  and  Harry  Lynn,  remaining  with  the 
laiier  steamer  since  1892. 

"Capt.  U.  M.  Harrington  was  liorn  on  Wliiitby  Islaml  in  1866  and  is  a  son  of  the  pioneer  captain  of  that  name.  He 
I'niiinienced  steamlioating  on  the  d'aselle  in  1S82,  and,  alter  serving  in  various  capacities,  secured  a  master's  license  in  1.SK6.  taking 
1  h  irgu  of  the  steamer  Seattle,  built  by  James  .Nugent.  Harrington  continued  to  operate  tlie  Seattle  until  188H,  when  she  was  sold  to 
Ml  Lord  of  the  Fraser  River  Cannery.  He  then  ioined  the  steamer  .//  A7,  whicli  he  coinmanded  for  a  year,  going  from  her  to  the 
ll'isid.  He  was  master  of  the  U^asio,  /ilalni  anil  Hassalo  for  alraut  a  year  and  then  took  the  steamer  (ireyhoiind,  which  he  handled 
iMi  the  Hverelt  route  for  two  years,  making  occasional  trips  on  the  same  run  with  the  Sehome.  He  has  recently  had  charge  of  the 
sti  luiier  Cricket,  and,  though  one  of  the  youngest  masters  011  the  Sound,  has  always  met  with  success  in  his  ventures. 

"Capt.  Samuel  B.  Randall  is  a  native  of  Nantucket,  Mass.,  and  has  been  in  the  marine  business  over  forty  years,  nearly  all 
ol  his  work  having  been  in  connection  with  tuglioats.  He  secured  his  first  Pacific  Coast  license  twenty-one  years  ago,  although  he 
li.i'l  previously  held  master's  papers  for  twelve  year'       rving  on   the  Atlantic  Coast  and  in  Australia.     He  went  north  from  San 


35* 


Lewis  (J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


On  the  Columbia  the  tugs  Donald  and  Escort  were  sold  to  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  wliicli 
had  been  striving  for  some  time  to  secure  a  monopoly  of  the  towage  and  pilotage  business  at  the  mouth  or  tlu' 
river.  The  Portland  &  Coast  Steamship  Company,  organized  the  previous  year,  started  their  steamer  Allianie  on 
her  initial  trip  July  yth.  The  /fassalo  was  brought  over  the  Cascades,  May  26th,  by  Capt.  J.  W.  Troup  ami 
Chief  Engineer  Peter  De  Huff,  making  the  run  to  the  lower  Cascades  in  seven  minutes,  in  less  depth  uf  wntir 
than  had  prevailed  on  any  previous  trip  of  this  nature  with  the  exception  of  the  Okanogan.  The  steamer  came 
through  without  a  scratch  and  was  hauled  out  in  Portland  for  repairs,  after  which  she  was  sent  to  the  Somul  in 
command  of  Capt  O.  A.  Anderson,  arriving  at  Seattle,  June  3Sth,  and  commencing  work  on  the  Bellinghani  liay 
route  at  once.  The  D.  S.  Baker  took  the  Hassalo's  place  on  the  middle  river.  Captain  Troup  bringing  her  over 
Tumwater  in  June.  Alaska's  local  steam  fleet  for  1888  included  over  a  dozen  small  steamers,  the  best  known  of 
which  were  the  Eureka,  owned  by  B.  A.  Seaborg  of  Ilwaco  ;  the  Julia  and  Afarion,  Juneau  Ferry  Company  ;  tlie 
Lucy,  Alaska  Mining  Company  ;  Louise,  Northwest  Trading  Company  ;  Octavia,  Union  Mining  Company ; 
Union,  Tongas  Packing  Company  ;  Takoa,  Captain  Carroll ;  Lively,  Captain  Wilson  ;  Jayhawkcr,  Captain  HoKiie ; 
and  Rosa,  Northwest  Trading  Company. 

The  lumber  aud  coal  trade  on  Puget  Sound  gave  employment  to  the  greatest  number  of  sailing  vessels 
which  had  yet  appeared.  Nearly  500  cargoes  of  lumber  and  397  of  coal  were  .shipped  from  various  ports  on  tlie 
Sound.  The  foreign  lumber  fleet  included  131  vessels,  as  follows  :  Hriti.sh  ships  twenty-eight,  barks  twenty-ciRht : 
American  ships  fourteen,  barks  seventeen,  barkentines  thirteen,  schooners  two ;  German  barks  two ;  Swedish 
barks  three ;   Hawaiian  barks  Ave  ;    Norwegian  barks  ten,  ships  three  ;   Chilean  barks  two,  ship  one ;   Italian 

bark  one,  and  Portuguese  bark  one.  Kight  of  the  above  vessels  were  over 
y  ,is  2,000  tons  register.  The  coasting  lumber  fleet  included  3,^4  catRoes, 
shipjjed  as  follows :  Tacoma  fifty-eight,  Port  Madison  fifty-si.x.  Port 
Gamble  forty-nine,  Port  Hadlock  forty-four.  Port  Discovery  forty-tliree, 
Port  Ludlow  thirty-five,  Port  Blakely  twenty-four,  Utsalady  fourteen, 
Seattle  nine.  An  idea  of  the  immensity  of  this  traffic  is  shown  in  the 
custom-house  records  for  June  i6th.  Seventy  vessels  were  loading  at  tlie 
various  Sound  ports  on  that  date,  as  follows  :  at  Seattle  seventeen,  with  a 
tonnage  of  22,993;  Port  Gamble  ten,  12,150;  Port  Discovery  ten.  9,>Syo; 
Tacoma  eight,  9,113;  Port  Hadlock  .seven,  4,369;  Port  Madison  nine, 
5,092  ;  Port  Ludlow  two,  2,564  ;  Ut.salady  three,  2,515  ;  Port  Blakely  two, 
2,107;  Port  Townsend  two,  2,342;  total  tonnage,  73, 135.  The  vessels  at 
Seattle  were  loading  coal,  at  Tacoma  four  were  loading  coal  and  four 
lumber,  and  the  rest  of  the  fleet  loading  lumber.  The  Puget  Sound  mill 
owners  who  supplied  this  immense  volume  of  business  did  not  permit 
outsiders  to  monopolize  the  carrying  trade,  and  each  company  owned 
.several  fine  sailing  vessels,  the  Puget  Mill  Company  coming  first  with  a 
fleet  of  fourteen,  as  follows:  .Ships  Carondetet  i,43.S  tons,  lionan-.a  i,,vsf>- 
Palmyra  1,359  ;  barks  ./rXT^'/vi,'///  1,209,  Atlanlic  824,  Coiclil:  740,  Emerald 
1,134,  Eresno  1,187,  Skagil  481,  (iciieral  Ihiller  1,163,  Sagamoic  1,341; 
James  Cheston  945  ;  barkentines  Kitsap  665,  Klickitat  468  ;  tugs  Tycc. 
Goliah,  Favorite,  Cyrus  Walker  and  Yakima.  Port  Hadlock  Mills — WvxV^  Arcturus  1,007  tons,  Eearl  509;  sliip 
Guardian  1,072;  barkentines/.  M.  drijfith  576,  Kelriever  c,2o;  tugs //o/ivXr  and  ('o//(7.v  and  the  steamer /.iih/V. 
Port  Madison  Mills— Barks  7'idal  Wave  603  tons,  Northwest  515,  Vidette  616,  Oakland  534,  Nonantum  i.nyi), 
A'if///V  ..I/o)' 699  and  the  steamer  .-i(/(//c.  Tacoma  Mills — Ship />(ii///«jf  Wave  1,054;  barks  Shirley  996,  Oiihida 
1,444,  Samosel  601  ;  tugs  Tacoma  and  Katie  and  the  steamer  Zephyr.  Port  Discovery  Mills — S\\\\)  Jeremiah  i.s^i, 
bark  Mary  Glover  700,  brig  Deacon  402,  and  tug  Pioneer.  Fast  passages  were  made  in  1S88  by  the  British  liark 
Kaiso7v,  Captain  Davies,  which  sailed  from  Bangkok  to  Cape  Beale  light  on  Vancouver  Island  in  nineteen  days ; 
the  ship  Ne;v  York,  which  arrived  at  Nanaimo  four  days  from  San  Francisco  ;  and  the  American  ship  Jaiiiii 
Drummond,  which  made  the  trip  from  New  York  to  Astoria  in  105  days. 

The  Columbia  River  grain  fleet  for  18S8,  while  not  equal  in  number  to  the  Puget  Sound  lumber  Ikct, 
included  over  one  hundred  vessels,  the  largest  being  the  British  ship  Lancaster  Cattle,  2,095  tons,  and  the  smallest 
the  British  bark  Dora  Ann,  589.  Kighty-one  were  over  1,000  tons  regi-ster,  thirty-nine  over  1,300,  sixteen  "ver 
1,600,  seven  over  1,800,  and  three  over  2,000.  Puget  Sound's  grain  fleet  included  fourteen  American  and  s(.\eii 
British  ships  and  one  Norwegian  and  five  British  barks.  The  largest  was  the  British  bark  Lord  Raglan,  :,2oo 
tons,  and  the  smallest  the  British  bark  Madeira,  845  tons.  Eleven  of  the  vessels  were  over  1,600  tons,  eight  (iver 
1,800,  and  six  over  2,000.  Northwestern  .sailing  vessels  built  in  1888  were:  At  Port  Blakely— four-ni.isted 
schooners  /;.   K.   Wood,   length  one  hundred  and  seventy  feet  three  inches,  beam  thirty-nine  feet  five  iiulies, 

Francisco  alwjut  1S86  with  the  tug  fiscort  No.  1,  with  which  he  enKaged  in  towinK  on  the  Colinnhia  har,  rei.iainin|{  there  for  siveral 
month!).  Ou  reluming  to  San  I'rancisco  he  was  sent  to  the  Sound  in  charse  of  tlie  tug  .Sea  I. ion,  which  lie  handled  with  sim-e* 
in  opposition  to  the  regular  tuRs.  The.SVii  I. ion  was  succeeded  hy  tlie  new  tuj;  Cot/is,  which  Katidall  operated  on  the  Sound.  He 
returned  from  there  several  years  ago,  aud,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  weeks  when  he  was  in  command  of  the  tug  Lorn.',  lias 
since  been  engaged  in  California  waters.     His  sou,  Capt.  Clem  Randall,  is  a  well  known  tugboatman  iu  Spreckels'  employ. 


Capt.  Chaiii.ks  1".  Jtni.ssuN 


Large  Increase  in  British  Columbia's  Inland  ami  Ocvan  Ste:un  Fleet 


.VS') 


depth  of  hold  eleven  feet 


L'lies, 


and  Koberl  Searles,  length  one  hundred  and  eighty-two 


CaIT.    HiHAM    J.   OLNIiV 


tonnage  \. 
feel  eight  inches,  iK-ani  thirty-eight  feet,  depth  of  hold  thirteen  feet  six  inches,  tonnage  6i)o  ;  three-nmsted 
schooners  /.  M,  CoUnutii,  length  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  feet,  l>eam  thirty-seven  feet  one  inch,  depth  of  hold 
eleven  feet  five  inches,  tonnage  46,^;  and  Oceania  I'aiue,  length  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  feet  five  inches, 
be.iiii  thirty-six  feet  one  inch,  depth  of  hold  eleven  feet  three  inches,  tonnage  4,VS-  At  Port  Madison— schooner 
Pidilaii,  length  one  hundred  and  seventy-two  feet,  beam  forty  feet  eight  inches,  depth  of  hold  twelve  feet  seven 

inches,  tonnage  5S,v     At  North  Bend,  Or. — five-masted  schooner  /.oitis  length  one 

.  ••       hundred   and   ninety-three  feet  eight  inches,  Iwani  thirty-six  feet,  dejjth  of  hold 

eighteen   feet,  tonnage  Si 9.     At    Handon,  Or. — .schooner   A'a/p/i    /.   I.oiif;,  length 

eighty-seven  feet,  l)eam  twenty-.seven  feet  four  inches,  depth  of  hold  five  feet  .seven 

J^^^^^  inches,  tonnage   85.     At   Albion    River,  Or. — schooner  I.ila   am/  Mattii\  length 

^^^^^K^  ninety-three  feet,  beam  twenty-seven  feet  eight  inches,  depth  of  hold  six  feet  six 

^^^^^^^f  tonnage  luo. 

^^^^^H  The  tuimber  of  ships  wrecked  and  lives  lost  in   188S  was  fully  up  to  the 

j^^^H  average  of  preceding  years.     The  most  distressing  disaster  of  the  sea.son  occurred 

^^l^^BI^^^  in  January,  when  the  British  bark  Abenoni,  Capt.  William  Irvine,  from  MaryjMjrt 

^^^^^j^^^^^^         for  Portland  with  a  cargo  of  railroad  iron,  was  wrecked  about  ten  miles  north  of 

^^^^f       ^^Hr  dray's  Harbor,  the  entire  crew,  with  three  exceptions,  perishing.     The  Abcranii, 

^^^1  ^f^  an   iron  vessel  of  1,262  tons  register,  arrived  off  the  Columbia  about  the  loth  of 

January  and  took  on  board  Pilot  Charles  K.  Johnson ''  of  A.storia.    The  weather  was 

very  thick  for  .several  days,  and  the  tugs  were  unable  to  locate  the  vessel.     When 

it  finally  cleared,  she  had  disappeared  from  view,  and  the  next  news  received  was 

from  the  three  bruised  and  battered  survivors,  who  reached   Gray's   Harbor   and 

reported  the  di.saster.    Johnson  was  a  skillful  pilot  and  had  had  several  years' 

experience  in  the  locality,  but  with  the  long-continued  fog  it  was  .supposed  that  he  lost  his  l)earings,  and  the 

northerly  current  set  him  inshore.     The  vessel  .struck  at  6:00  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  her  masts  began  going 

bv  the  board  immediately.     The  heavy  surf  prevented  launching  the  boats,  and  the  deeply  laden  vessel  struck  so 

far  from  shore  that  it  .seemed  almo.st  a  miracle  that  any  one  escaiied.     Those  losing  their  lives  were  :  William 

Irvine,  captain,  Charles  Johnson,  bar  pilot,  Charles  Kbergh,  A.  Dunn,  James  Cam,  Archie  McKeller,  A.  Wilson, 

William  Duff,  J.   Patterson,  J.   Durst,  K.   Foster,  P.  Tallent,  J.  Case,  J.  Baxter,  J.  Leeds,  J.  Pearsons,  William 

Tingle,  H.  Aiuler.son,  J.  Wood,  J.  Kobert.son  and  H.  Gowan.     Fourteen  of  the  bodies  wa.shed  o.shore  and  were 

buried  in  one  grave.     The  wreck  continued  to  work  in,  and  five  years  later 

Capt.  George  A.  Pease  built  a  long  trestle  ')ut  to  it  and  recovered  about  j.ocx) 

tons  of  the  iron. 

The  small  steamer  (HcaiiiT,  owned  and  operated  by  Capt.  Peter  Jordan, 
c.ipsi/.ed  off  Tongue  Point,  above  Astoria,  at  1 1:00  A.  m.,  January  28th,  while 
<ii  )vi(/r  from  Astoria  to  Deep  River.  The  steamer  carried  thirty  passengers, 
who  took  refuge  in  a  fishing  boat  which  was  in  tow  ;  but  three  of  them,  Jacob 
Rennell.  Mary  Holt  and  Hilda  Wilnier,  were  drowned.  The  disaster  was 
occasioned  by  a  heavy  gale,  which  causcil  the  cargo  to  shift,  and  l)efore  she 
could  recover  the  sea  swamped  her.  The  German  ship  Salisbiiiy,  1,017  tons, 
while  (11  route  from  Port  Discovery  to  Montevideo  in  command  of  Captain 
Kcitzeiistein,  with  a  crew  of  eighteen,  encountered  a  hurricane  with  a  terrific 
cross  .sea  two  hundred  miles  west  southwest  of  Cape  Flattery  and  soon  became 
waterlogged.  The  pumps  became  choked,  and  the  crew  took  to  the  boats 
and  were  picked  up  by  the  British  bark  Scriel  W'yn,  Captain  Storm,  February 
1;.  1S8S.  The  vessel  was  valued  at  $2o,joo  and  the  cargo  at  $8,5(X).  The 
British  steamer  W'oodside,  from  Victoria  for  Alberni,  was  lost  near  Pacheiia. 
Tlie  rudder  carried  away  when  she  was  about  five  miles  from  the  Nitnat 
River,  and  the  crew  and  passengers  look  refuge  in  the  boats  at  11:30  \.  m., 
March  12th.  They  landed  three  miles  from  Pachena  and  were  .subsequently 
taken  to  N'icloria  by  the  Nitnat  Indians.  During  the  night  the  steamer 
iliil'ted  ashore  and  broke  up.  The  steamer  was  owned  by  Muir  Brothers  of  Sooke  and  wa^  in  charge  of  Ca])t. 
Ci>lin  Cluness.  The  Puget  Sound  steamer  Rob  Irving  went  skyward  in  a  terrific  boiler  explosion  April  ist, 
while  en  route  from  Sainish  to  Sedro  on  the  Skagit  River  with  a  cargo  of  hay  and  oats.  The  accident 
happened  at  2:00  i".  M.,  while  the  steamer  was  climbing   Balls  Ritlle.     Five  men  were  on  board  at  the  lime  : 

"Ciipl.  Charles  l'.  Johnson  was  l)orn  in  Walthani,  Mass.,  in  185,1.  At  llu-  n^e  of  twenty  lie  enibarkvil  on  a  wlialor  Ixminl  for 
till'  .\rctic,  ami  on  liis  return  from  lliat  voya^je  aliipneil  as  mate  in  tile  niercliant  service.  He  arrived  in  .Astoria  alionl  iS.Sii  on  a 
vi>.sel  loaded  with  railroad  iron,  leaving  her  there  and  commencing  work  on  the  bar  tugs,  from  which  he  soon  ^raduateil  as  a  jiilot, 
C'Nitinning  in  that  profession  until  he  nut  bis  fate  on  the  Abenoni. 


John  R,  Siwki.i. 


\S  i 


•i 


1:1 


360 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwest 


1 


Capt.  Hiram  J.  Oliiey,"  n  pioneer  steainboatmun  of  Puget  Sound  ;  John  R.  Sewell,"  Lngineer  ;  Herman  HaroldMii, 
fireman  ;  Andrew  Julinsun.  deckhand  ;  and  a  Chinese  cook.  The  boiler  was  .split  wide  open  and  thrown  into  the 
stream,  and  the  fireman  was  literally  blown  to  atoms.  OIney,  who  was  in  the  pilot-house,  was  struck  by  the 
wheel,  auf'.  his  head  was  found  twenty  feet  from  the  body.  The  Chinese  cook  had  both  legs  broken,  but  the  uiliir 
two  men  were  not  seriously  injured.  The  steamer  A/'/j',  which  was  lying  at  Sterling,  a  mile  above,  immediately 
went  to  the  rescue  and  picked  up  the  dazed  survivors.  The  hull  sank  soon  afterward.  A  defective  Iwiltr  was 
supposed  to  Iw  the  cause  of  the  explosion,  as  it  had  previously  seen  many  years  of  service  in  the  Ci/j'  "/  {.>"'"<) 
and  was  probably  unable  to  stand  the  pre.ssure  needed  when  the  boat  came  to  the  riffles. 

The  American  bark  /«//«  Foard,  a  craft  whose  launching  was  veiled  in  antiquity,  was  wrecked  at  Knrliik, 
/Maska,  May  27th,  while  <•//  route  from  Astoria  with  cannery  supplies  and  twenty-five  Chinamen.  A  heavy  sta 
swept  her  on  the  rocks,  and  being  old  and  tender  she  soon  commenced  filling.     The  crew  and  passengers  escaiied 

and  were  taken  to  San  Francisco  by  the  schooner  Frames  Alue. 
The  vessel  was  owned  by  A.  P.  Lorentzen  and  sailed  by  Captain 
Treanor.  The  American  bark  Olago,  870  tons,  from  Seattle  for  San 
Francisco  in  command  of  Capt.  W.  M.  Collins,  with  a  crew  of  four- 
teen, went  asho'e  during  a  thick  fog  four  miles  north  of  Point  Reyes 
at  4:00  A.  M.,  July  28th.  The  crew  abandoned  her  two  hours  later 
and  landed  in  Drake's  Bay,  going  from  there  to  San  Francisco.  The 
vessel  proved  a  total  lo.ss.  The  American  bark  Cassandra  .Uiams, 
one  of  the  fastest  clippers  ever  built  in  the  Northwest,  .struck  a  reef 
near  Destruction  Island  during  a  dense  fog  at  8:15  A.  m.,  .XuKUst 
i6th.  She  was  en  route  from  San  Francisco  to  Taconia  in  charge  of 
Capt.  F.  F.  Knacke,  who  .succeeded  Captain  Gatter  or.  this  trip.  The 
bark  was  .set  on  the  reef  by  a  strong  southerly  current,  and  the  island 
was  not  sighted  until  she  was  hard  and  fast.  It  was  impo.ssihic  to 
save  anything  fronuthe  wreck,  which  was  soon  knocked  to  pieces  by 
the  heavy  sea.  The  vessel  was  owned  by  the  Taconia  Mill  Company. 
who  had  purchased  her  a  few  months  liefore  for  one-third  of  lier 
original  cost.  Among  other  freight  she  had  new  boilers  for  the  tug 
Tacoma.  The  steamer  fhrmina  of  Portland  caught  fire  on  VV'ilUnv 
bar,  on  the  Columbia,  August  23d,  and  was  burned  to  the  water's 
edge.  The  lioiiama,  an  old-timer  on  the  Willamette,  struck  a  rock 
while  lauding  at  Wullings,  above  Portland,  Novemtier  nth.  and  sank 
in  twelve  feet  of  water.  As  she  was  old  and  tender  she  was  stripped 
of  her  machinery  and  abandoned.  The  I.eo,  Captain  Whitfonl, 
owned  by  the  Sitka  Trading  Company,  struck  a  rock  in  Port  Houghton  Bay,  November  27th,  and  sank.  The 
machinery,  wh'ch  was  from  the  old  Portland  steamer  W'ildwood,  was  saved. 

The  steamship  y'aquina  Hay  was  wrecked  at  Yaquina,  Decemlier  9th.  She  had  just  arrived  from  the  Ivist 
to  take  the  place  of  the  Krt</«/«a  City,  wrecked  the  previous  year,  and  was  in  command  of  Captain  Lord,  who  had 
brought  her  out  from  the  East.  The  i'ai;uina  Hay  was  built  by  Cramp  &  Sons  in  1 88 1  for  the  New  York  and 
West  India  trade,  where  she  was  known  as  the  Caracas.  Her  dimensions  were  :  length,  two  hundred  and 
fifty-seven  feet ;  beam,  thirty-four  feet ;  depth  of  hold,  twenty-one  feet.  The  disaster  was  caused  by  the  parting 
of  a  hawser  by  which  the  tug  was  towing  her  in.  The  steamship  City  of  Chester.  Thomas  Wallace,  captain, 
Prank  Cookson,  chief  engineer,  was  .struck  by  the  steamship  Oceanic  while  leaving  San  Francisco  harbor, 
August  22d,  and  went  to  the  bottom  in  a  few  minutes,  thirteen  persons  losing  their  lives.  The  American  ship 
John  Brycc.  Capt.  Thomas  Murphy,  from  Port  Ludlow  for  Melbourne,  became  water-logged  in  a  hurricane 
December  8th  and  ivas  abandoned  eight  hundred  miles  west  of  the  Samoan  Islands.  Captain  Murphy  and 
nineteen  of  the  crew  reached  Apia  in  boats  and  from  there  were  brought  to  San  P'rancisco  on  the  stea'iisliip 
Alameda.  Martin  Neilson,  one  of  the  crew,  lost  his  life  at  the  time  of  the  wreck.  The  John  liryce  was  twenty 
years  old  and  valued  at  $50,000.  The  I.ief  F.rickson.  built  this  year,  met  with  a  terrible  fate  in  December 
while  off  W  Ki  Point  en  route  from  Seattle  to  Sydney.     The  steamer  was  in  command  of  John  H.  Nibl)e,'"  with 


Capt,  Joii.n  h.  Nihhk 


'*  Capt.  Hiram  J.  Olney  is  a  native  of  the  Pacific  Coast  and  was  for  many  years  one  of  the  best  known  steambontuu  11  uii 
I'uKct  .Sound,  tie  was  employed  at  difTerent  times  on  nearly  all  the  pioneer  craft,  and  in  1S79  built  the  twin  propeller  Siisif  Ui 
18S2  lie  was  interested  witli  I).  II.  Jackson  in  the  orjjanization  of  tile  \Vashin);ton  Steamboat  Company,  and,  after  leavinj;  lliat 
corporation,  purchased  the  old  Columbia  River  steamer  (•aset/c.  which  he  operated  until  he  secured  the /»t'iH/r.  Hewastlmtv- 
eight  years  of  ajje  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

••John  R.  Sewell.  eii),'ineer,  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  on  Whidby  Island  in  1863,  commenced  steamboating  on  the  sieMincr 
iVellie  in  1S79,  and  has  since  been  engaged  on  nearly  all  the  .small  steamers  on  Puget  Sound.  He  was  with  Captain  Olney  mi  ilie 
/iub  /ri'iiii;  when  her  boiler  exploded  in  1.S89,  totally  wrecking  the  boat.  Sewell  has  recently  been  employed  on  the  slciiiiier 
Casiades. 

"Capt.  John  H.  Nibbe,  of  .Sydney,  Wash.,  was  boru  in  Germany  in  1846,  and  began  running  between  Hamburg  an<l  New 
York  when  a  small  boy.  In  1S61  he  entered  the  United  States  Navy,  and  was  on  the  gunboat  /}/><'/ when  she  was  blown  up  at 
Yazoo  City,  near  \'icksburg,  fifty-one  out  of  the  fifty-four  persons  on  lioard  losing  their  lives.  Captain  Nibbe  and  the  other^  «lio 
escaped  were  taken  prisoners  and  sent  south.     After  the  close  of  the  war,  Nibbe  returned  to  deep-water  sailing,  rounded  the  IIuiii  in 


Large  Increase  in  British  Columbia's  Inland  ami  Ocean  Steam  Flevt 


361 


W.  W.  Gates,'"  chief  engineer,  and  Charlen  Poulnen,  mate.  At  ,s:oo  P.  M.,  when  ahotit  five  niilen  out  from  Seattle, 
a  l.unp  exploded,  setting  fire  to  the  l)oal.  The  flames  ran  through  the  cabin,  creating  a  panic  among  tlic  thirty 
people  on  board,  and  several  jum|)ed  into  the  water  and  were  lost.  Captain  Nibhe  at  once  launched  the  raf\,  and 
many  of  the  passengers  put  on  life  preservers.  A  niece  of  Captain  Nililie,  Annie  ToUner  of  Sydney,  drowned 
almost  within  reach  of  her  uncle,  who  made  frantic  efforts  to  save  her.  The  .steamers  Skagil  I  hiff  and 
MoHHiaineer  were  alxiut  four  miles  away  when  the  fire  broke  out,  and  crowded  on  all  .steam  iiossible  in  order  to 
be  of  service.  When  within  half  a  mile  of  the  steamer  they  la-gan  to  pick  up  the  survivors,  and  in  this  manner 
over  twenty  were  saved.  The  lltnry  Ilaiify,  Polilkojskv  and  lidilh  also  hurried  to  the  rescue.  Those  losing 
tlieir  lives  were  John  H.  Xorens  of  I'ort  Orchard,  Annie  Tollner,  K.  Coombs,  James  Smith  and  Jack  Simmons  of 
Sydney,  Thomas  Kendall,  and  J.  H.  Brandson  and  wife.  The  steamer  sank  as  soon  as  she  had  burned  to  the 
water's  edge. 

Five  whalers  were  caught  on  a  lee  shore  in  a  tremendous  gale  and  wrecked  on  Point  Barrow.  August  .^d. 
Several  other  vessels  of  the  whaling  fleet  were  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  l)ut  esca|)ed  with  .slight  injuries.  The 
lost  ve.s.sels  were:  the  barks  ^fll^y  and  Susan,  I,.  C.  Owen,  captain,  O.  W.  Porter,  J.  A.  Silvia,  Charles 
CoKgeshall  and  W.  R.  Mengo,  mates,  and  thirty-one  men  ;  h'lcehving,  H.  M.  Giflford,  captain,  C.  T.  liifford, 
!•;.  Perriman,  A.  Cabral  and  A.  Lester,  mates,  and  twenty-eight  men  ;  Young  Phanix,  Willard,  captain, 
R.  1).  Cleveland,  A.  F.  Cooiier,  J.  Anderson  and  J.  V.  Hurd,  mates,  and  twenty-nine  men  ;  schooners ./(»«<•  ''iicy, 
\V.  il.  Kelly,  captain,  A.  H.  Cleveland,  W.  J.  Greenwood  and  T.  Clark,  mates,  and  eighteen  meii  ,  Ion, 
N.  Wagner,  captain,  O.  W.  Crapo,  A.  Osterberg  and  W.  H.  McKen/ie,  mates,  and  .sixteen  men.  The  baiV't 
hailed  from  New  Bedford,  and  the  schooners  were  owned  in  San  Franci.sco,  which  was  the  home  of  most  of  tlv 
crews.  AH  hands  were  rescued  by  the  revenue  cutter  Hear,  Captain  Healy.  The  barkentinc  Makali,  from  Por^ 
Discovery  for  Australia  with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  in  charge  of  Captain  Larsen,|two  mates  and  eight  men,  was 
found  bottom  up  near  Tillamook 
Head,  October  24th,  eighteen  days 
alter  leaving  Port  Discovery.  No 
trace  was  found  of  the  crew.  The 
proiieller  Susie,  built  by  Capt.  Hiram 
Ohiey  in  1H70,  exploded  her  boiler 
at  Tacoma,  December  19th,  seriously 
injuring  Capt.  Patrick  Doyle  and 
William    Uowen. 

The   steamer  Heaver,  which       1^ 
was  old  when  the  keel  of  the  Hliza 
Anderson  was   laid,  when    the   Con- 
slititlion,  Siir/>rise  and  .SVa  Hird  were 
running  on   the  Sound,  and  even  • 

when  the  Lol  IVhiUomb  first  dis- 
turl)ed  the  waters  of  the  Columbia, 
came  to  an  untimely  end  in  1S8.S. 
Tlie  word  untimely  is  u.sed  advisedly,  for,  despite  the  weight  of  years  which  would  have  ended  the  life  of  an 
ordinary  steamer  generations  before,  the  Heaver  was  still  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation,  and  it  wouhl  be  diflicult 
to  predict  how  long  a  period  of  usefulness  she  might  have  enjoyed  h.id  not  an  unkind  fate  pursued  her.  She  had 
been  granted  a  license  to  carry  passengers  this  season,  and  in  charge  of  George  Marchant,  captain,  Dave  Simons, 
chief  engineer,  and  Charles  Johnson,  mate,  .steamed  out  of  Vancouver  on  a  foggy  July  morning,  and,  having  light 
steam,  was  caught  in  a  treacherous  eddy  and  thrown  on  the  rocks,  where  she  soon  filled.  The  experience  was  not 
a  new  one  for  the  Beaver,  but  so  many  modern  steamers,  better  adapted  in  every  way  to  the  trade,  had  api)earcd, 
that  no  effort  was  made  to  raise  the  pioneer.  She  hung  on  the  rocks  in  a  li.stle.ss  manner  for  several  weeks,  her 
owner  refu.sed  to  .sell,  and  finally  efforts  were  made  to  float  her,  unfortunately  without  success.  When  it  became 
apparent  that  the  first  steamer  which  ever  plowed  the  waters  of  the  Pacific  was  in  a  fair  way  to  l)e  lost  forever,  a 
strong  effort  was  made  to  preserve  her.  The  Reaver  in  reality  was  a  commonplace  towboat  which  had  never  been 
considered  of  much  consequence,  but  the  Heaver,  as  an  historic  relic,  was  now  regarded  as  valuable.  A  company 
was  formed  for  the  purpose  of  raising  and  repairing  her,  and  taking  her  to  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  but  the 

1S67.  and  a  year  later  reached  tlic  Sound,  where  he  was  en^aKed  on  the  steamers /■(irD/iVi',  I'lyin);  Oiiuhman  and  other  Northwestern 
irail  for  three  years.  He  then  returned  to  California  and  coa.sted  out  of  Kan  I'rencisin  until  1S86.  when  he  a>;ain  went  lo  the  Sound, 
w:i^  for  a  short  time  master  of  the  steamer  Seotlle,  and  afterward  |uirihased  the  W'tilihmakei \  whieh  sank  in  the  latter  piirt  of 
iss'i.  He  then  secured  the  sloop  Sen  liird.  which  he  used  as  a  ferry  between  Seattle  and  Port  Orchard  until  Mav,  iS.SS,  wlien  he 
ac'|iiired  the  ill-fated  steamer  l.ief  Krickson,  and  operated  her  until  she  hurneil  in  Decemlier,  i8.s,s.  Captain  Nii)lie  next  Innif-hl 
tilt'  steamer  S'ellie,  which  he  ran  on  the  same  route  lor  a  few  months  and  then  sold  her  and  secured  a  half  interest  in  the  steamer 
San  /nan,  running  her  there  for  three  years,  and  then  engagiuK  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Sydney. 

"  W.  W.  dates,  ergineer,  of  Sydney,  Wash,  began  steamboating  on  the  CoUimbia  River  in  |S6^  on  the  steanuT  Afinntliaha, 
ami  subsequently  served  as  engineer  on  a  lumiber  of  other  well  known  vessels  on  the  Columbia  River.  He  left  the  Columbia  several 
vt'^rs  ago  and  has  since  been  running  on  several  Sound  stiamers.  He  was  in  charge  of  the  engines  of  the  l.ii/  liritltsoH  when  she 
ijiuned  lu  18S8,  atd  on  the  Ellis,  which  met  the  same  fate  in  1894. 


Stkahrr  "  Wii  mam  IlrNTKM"  tiN  Si.(k:.\n  I.akf. 


II 


1 31 


i'-i^. 


ti 


36a 


Ltwi$  4  Dryden'i  Marine  Hi$tory  of  the  PaoiPio  Northwett 


tardy  recognition  of  her  workit,  an  in  tia-  cnite  of  many  linnuin  niiikcrN  of  liiHtury,  cnnie  tiM>  late,  and,  nlxnit  the 
time  the  company  was  ready  to  |)lnrc  tier  again  in  \\vt  vli-nicnt,  tlic  Mk  sldi'wIii'i'Ur  >ii.»7«/'/«- cnnio  Hwi-tpin,;  |iy 
at  high  water,  thriiwing  a  Hwaith  which  hftcd  the  Uriitt-i  Iriitn  the  roi'ks  whii-li  iiiipalfd  htT,  and  she  slipind  oflT 
into  dee|>er  water  (Mee  frontiNpiece  i.  That  |Hirti(in  of  lii-r  Iioum'  and  hnll  wiiii'li  liml  nut  iilrciidy  lievn  cnrriiil  nlT 
by  the  relic  huntem  was  gradually  pulled  apart  liy  tin-  KrnppliiiK  h(H>ks  of  thosi-  who  still  souKht  tnenicntois  of 
the  famouH  old  craft.  An  enterpriHinK  N'ancouvvr  firm  scoured  several  large  pieces  (if  timlicr  from  the  hull.  Iniin 
which  they  manufactured  a  great  numlier  <if  canes,  gavels,  picture  frames  and  other  similar  mementues.  and 
which  have  since  lieen  scattered  to  the  most  remote  corners  of  the  glolie.  The  copper  liolts  ntid  sheathing  \\v\k 
meltetl  into  medals,  and,  with  the  wooden  relics,  will  serve  t<i  keep  the  iiieuiory  of  the  /liinri  fresh  loiij;  after 
that  of  her  palatial  successors  has  vanished.  The  venerahle  ('//<•»•,  which  was  for  many  years  the  /Iravii's  only 
companion  on  Northwestern  waters,  als<i  passed  out  of  existence  in  iKHS.  .She  was  disninntled  in  March,  ami  the 
hull  wan  used  for  a  coal  lighter.  iWw  had  lieeii  out  of  service  for  the  past  two  years  and  was  owned  liy  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company.  The  steamer  ( 'o>ilH>o  tiiid  /■'(),  while  iii  louli-  from  Skeeiia  to  Victoria, 
was  wrecked  in  Granville  Channel,  hut  was  afterward  hauled  olT  ami  repaired. 

Joseph  Spratt,  a  pioneer  marine  man  of  \'ictoria,  <lied  at  San  Jose,  Cal.,  January  i  J,  iSH«.  lie  was  horn 
in  I<ondon  in  18.14  B"d  came  to  California  at  the  age  of  uineteeii,  working  at  the  machinist's  trade.  lie  inovcci  to 
Victoria  about  iSfti  and  establishe<l  the  Athion  Iron  Works,  afterward  o|ieratiiig  the  steamers  Mamie  and  Caiibw 
and  Fly  on  the  east  coast,  and  sub.sequently  purchasing  the  W'ihon  G.  /fuiil.  which  he  ran  to  Nanaimo  for  a  short 
time,  then  selling  her  aiul  the  Maude  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Coiii|iany.  In  1S.S.2  he  dis|)ased  of  the 
foundry,  which  at  that  time  had  become  ipiite  an  extensive  estalilishineiit.  At  the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Spnitt 
still  retained  the  ownership  of  the  Cariboo  and  l-'ly,  lili:a,  limma  and  S/ira//' i  .Itk.  He  always  evinced  a  deep 
interest  in  any  project  for  the  development  of  the  city  he  had  made  his  home.  The  important  part  he  took  III  the 
marine  business  has  lieen  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  work.     His  (lortrait  apfxinrs  on  page  175. 


r.  S.  CiiA»r  DKi'H.NiiiiH   ',Mu^TKllK^' 


CHAPTER    Win. 

Till!   PudKT    Sound    iV    Alaska     Stuamsiih'     Company      Stkamkks    "Statk   of   WashinCiTon  "    ani> 
"  Faikhavkn  "-  AimiTioNS  to  i hk  Sin  nh,  Siioai.watkk   Hay  ank  Okay's  Hakiiok  Fi.kkt    Tins 

"I,OHNK,"  "Al.KKT,"  "ACTIVK,"  "ThII'MPII,"  "  WaI.I.OWA  "  AND  "  I'RINTKK  "  —  StKAMKKS 
"  DKI.AWAKK,  "     "(i    W.  SlIAVKK,"  "  loNK,"   "  MolHlC    "    ANK   "  No  Wo"  "I"  "— STKAMSIIII'S  "  HaYTI  AN 

Rhi'I'hi.io,"    "Corona,"    "  Citv   oi-    Toi-kka"    and  "City   <>i'    I'rKi  ;.    "    -  Stkikk    Amoni;   thk 

NoRTIIWKSTKRN   STKAMHOATMKN  — ICnD  Ol'    Till'.     "  Al.ASKAN  "  -- TuO    "  FKAKI.KSS  "    WrHCKKD— I.OSS 

OI'  TiiK  ".\ncon"  and  "  Idaho"  -Stkamkrs  "J.  H.  I.iiiiiv,'  "  Dksi  atcii,"  "  Ukk,  '  "Nhi'Tunh" 
AND  "North  Hay"  Ht'RNKD  on  thk  Soi'nd— "  Ci.an  Mackkn/.i'  '  Sunk  i./  Stkam.ship  "Orkoon" 
—Stkamkrs  "City  oi'  Kinoston"  and  "City  oh  Skatti.k'  —  Skatt'.h  .  ikam  Navu-.ation  & 
TKANSi'oRTAT:.)r  I'oMPANY  —  Stkrnwhkhi.krs  "  Uaii.kv  Gat/.kkt"  and  "  Orkviioi'nd" -Union 
Stkamship  Company  oi'  Vancocvhr  —  Hritish  Coi.umiiia  Sthamiks  "  My.stiiry,"  "  Chiki'Tain," 
"Till''.  i.K,"  "  Standard"  and  "  ICarlk"— Coi.umiiia  &  Kootknai  Sti;am  Navioation  Company  — 
Sthamkr  "  I.ytton  "  — Canadian  1'acii'ic's  Orikntai,  I.inkrs  "  I'arthia, "  "  Batavia  "  and 
"Ahyssinia"-  Stkamsiiip  "Ai.ick  Hi.anchard"— Ship  "Thkrmopyi..h"— Disapphakanck  oi'  Bark 
"  Nkli.ik  May  "  and  Sciioonkr  "Doidi.As  Dkariiorn  "— W'rkck  ok  thk  Stkamship  "Sardony.x, " 
Bark    '  Atalanta,"  Ship  "  Straun  "  and  Otiikr  Vkssri-s. 

lORlv  THAN  A  SCORK  of  fine  .steamers  came  into  existence  on  Piiget  Sound  in  1S89, 
and  tlie  CoUiml)ia  River  and  Victoria  di.stricts  also  received  nuiiicruus  additions  to  the 
steam  fleet.  Several  new  steamships  appeared  in  the  coasting  service,  the  number 
of  vessels  engaged  in  the  Sound  luml>er  trade  was  the  largest  up  to  this  time,  and 
marine  business  flourished  in  all  its  branches.  The  remarkable  growth  of  this  traffic 
on  the  inland  sea  is  best  shown  by  the  records,  which  give  a  total  of  892,000  passengers 
carried  by  Sound  steamers  in  1H81).  The  most  iin|Hirtant  event  of  the  year  was  the 
organization.  Septemlwr  17th.  of  the  Puget  Sound  &  Alaska  Steamship  Company,  the 
successor  of  the  Washington  Steamboat  Company,  started  in  a  very  humble  manner  a  few 
years  l)efore  by  Capt.  I).  U.  Jackson.  The  new  company  was  capitalized  at  Sfmu.ixK). 
with  head(iuarlers  at  lltsalady,  and  its  stockholders  were  :  I).  B.  Jackson  and  VVat.son  C. 
S(|iiire  of  Seattle  ;  Charles  II  I're.scott,  Isaac  W.  Anderson  and  George  Brown  of  Tacoma  ;  Colgate  Hoy t  and 
J.  M.  Bookman  of  New  York.  .\s  in  the  oUi  corporation,  Jackson  was  the  prime  mover,  and.  realizing  that 
the  fleet  then  in  operation  was  inade(|uate.  he  immediately  went  I'"ast,  purchased  the  Hud.son  River  steamer 
( ;Vr  of  Kingston,  and  placed  an  order  for  a  companion  ship,  the  (V/r  of  Sitttlle,  two  .steamers  which  would  be 
.1  credit  to  any  port  in  the  world. 

The  Pacific  Navigation  Company  set  afloat  the  fine  .stern wheel  steamer  .S'/a/r  (y"  W'asliiiiirton  at  Tacoma. 
Slif  was  built  by  John  J.  Holland  and  was  launched  with  steam  up,  her  wheel  lieginning  to  revolve  as  soon  as 
slu'  struck  the  water.  The  Slate  is  one  hundred  and  .seventy  feet  four  inches  long,  thirty-one  feet  three  inches 
lieaiii,  and  .seven  feet  hold,  and  made  her  trial  trip  July  12th,  going  from  Tacoma  to  Seattle  in  one  hour  and 
thirty-five  minutes,  which  at  that  |H;riod  was  nearly  record  time.  The  steamer  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
service  of  her  original  owners  since  her  completion,  most  of  the  time  on  the  Beltingham  Bay  route.  She  was  for 
a  lung  while  commanded  by  Capt.  Henry  Bailey,  and  has  also  been  handled  by  Captains  Harry  K.  Struve,'  G.  H. 


'Capt.  Harry  K.  Struve  of  Seattle  wag  born  in  Vancouver,  Wasli.,  in  1863.  Hig  first  marine  experience  was  on  tlie  ship 
On.ntal,  sailing  from  fuvet  Souml  to  Australia.  On  reachiu);  tlie  Antipoles  he  sailed  for  a  short  time  in  the  coasting  business, 
tlieii  ruturneil  to  the  Sound,  ami  began  steambonting  in  18S1.  Me  served  as  mate  and  master  on  tugboats  for  a  number  of  years  and 
was  lirst  in  command  of  the  steamer  Flyer  upon  her  arrival  at  Seattle.  lie  ofterwanl  took  the  .steamship  Haylian  Republic  and  ran 
her  until  her  owners  lost  her  through  their  smuggling  operations.    Captain  Struve  then  went  back  to  I'ujfet  Sound  ami  handled  the 

I'nc  lie  Navigation  Company's  steamer  .S'/rt/^  11/  )rrtj/ii»/f/o«,  resigning  after  a  f- "--' ' ' ...:... 

of  I  Sy5  to  take  charge  of  a  steamer  on  the  Vukou  River. 


1  few  months'  service  and  going  to  Alaska  in  the  spring 


,1 


3*4 


Lewis  cj  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Parker,  Harry  Carter,  A.  N.  McAIpiiie,  and  a  number  of  other  well  known  Sound  steaniboatmen.  David  ranluu 
was  engineer  until  his  death,  and  Nichola-  C  Perring' was  among  the  last  in  charge  of  her  engines.  Nelson  lieiiiiett, 
who  had  large  property  interests  on  Bellinghani  Bay,  constructed  a  fine  sternwheeler  at  Taconia  and  christened 
her  the  J'airhairn,  in  honor  of  his  favorite  town.  The  steamer  was  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long,  twintysix 
feet  five  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  two  inches  hold,  and,  after  running  under  Bennett's  management  for  a  lew 
months  was  purcha.sed  by  the  Pacific  Navigation  Company  and  alternated  with  X\\c  State  0/  Washington  i^w  W\ii 
Bellinghani  Bay  route.  The  old  steamer  Mountain  Oiieen  was  rebuilt  as  a  sidewheeler  at  Portland,  renamed  the 
Sfhome,  and  sent  to  Puget  Sound,  wliere  .she  commenced  running  in  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company'.s 
service  December  14th,  in  place  of  the  North  Pacijii:  The  Sehonie  is  one  hundred  antl  ninety-two  feet  four  inches 
long,  thirty-two  feet  two  inches  beam,  and  ten  feet  five  inches  hold.  She  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  \'ictoria 
route  and  subsequently  to  Bellingham  Bay.  When  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  suspeiuled 
operations  on  the  Sound,  the  steamer  was  tied  up  for  .some  time,  and  early  in  1895  was  chartered  by  the  Xortlierii 
Pacific  and  used  on  the  Victoria  run  in  charge  of  Captain  Clancy.  Captains  McAlpine,  Stetson,'  O'Brien,  Parker 
and  Barriiigton  have  handled  the  steamer  on  the  Sound,  and  Philip  Van  Tassell,  Charles  S.  FoUett '  and  several 
other  engineers  have  served  with  her.  The  Port  Blakely  Mill  Company  launched,  in  iS.Sij,  the  Sarah  M.  koilon. 
a  fine  propeller,  for  their  local  .service.  She  is  ninety-one  feet  five  inches  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  ten 
feet  four  inches  hold.  Capt.  \V.  H.  Hob.son  commanded  her  for  several  years  and  was  succeeded  by  \V.  H. 
Primrose,  who  had  .served  as  engineer.  H.  M.  Thornton  has  had  cliarge  of  her  engines  for  the  past  four  years. 
The  tug  Disaivery  was  built  at  Port  Town.send  by  Capt.  Thomas  Grant,  who  is  still  operating  her.  She  is 
eighty-three  feet  six  inches  long,  twenty  feet  three  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  four  inches  hold,  and  has 
performed  excellent  .service  as  a  towboat.  Capt.  H.  F.  Beecher,  who  lost  the  steamer  /.  /i.  J.ihbv  by  fire, 
purchased  the  Cicneral  .^filcs  and  also  secured  the  Point  Art-na  for  the  Island  route.  The  latter  was  a  propeller 
registering  171  tons,  constructed  in  San  Francisco  in  iS.Sj.  She  is  one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet  long,  thirty  feet 
beam,  and  nine  feet  hold.     The  propeller  Ih'troit,  length  eighty-one  feet,  beam  fifteen  feet  three  inches,  depth  of 

hold  six  feet  nine  inclics,  was 
launched  at  Detroit,  Wash., 
in  i8,Sy,  and  is  still  in  use. 

The  /'irmialf.  a  one 
hundred  and  fifty  ton  pmiKl- 
ler,  was  brought  up  from  San 
Franci.sco  and  engaged  in  the 
Island  trade.  Her  career  on 
the  .Sound  was  brief,  and 
while  in  charge  of  her  owner. 
Capt.  A.  O.  Benjamin,  she 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
December,  1890.  Anioiij;  the 
steamers  appearing  mi  tlie 
Sound  were  the  .■hii;iit:\ 
length  fifty-eight  feet  five 
inches,  beam  .seventeen  feet 
seven  inches,  depth  of  hold 
eight  feet  three  inches,  at 
Port  Angeles,  recently  han- 
dled by  Capt.  Harry  l.oll  ami 
Engineer  J.  A.  O'Neal;  /Vs 
Moinis,  length  forty-nine  feet,  beam  ufteen  feet  three  inches,  depth  four  feet  seven  inches  ;  A/ocA-ing  liitd,  leii^'tli 
thirty-one  feet  five  inches,  beam  fourteen  feet  eight  inches,  depth  two  feet  seven  inches,  at  Tacoma  ;  .''  AV, 
length  seventy-two  feet  four  inches,  beam  .seventeen  feet  four  inches,  depth  four  feet  three  inches,  at  I'tsalady  : 
Dispatch,  length  ninety-seven  feet,  beam  sixteen  feet  four  inches,  depth  six  feet  four  inches,  at  Seattle  ;  linliirm. 


SlltAME'Il-    "C[TV    OK    KlNCSTON" 


■;.!• 


'Nicholas  C  Perring,  engineer,  was  l)orM  in  I'^ii^IhikI  in  |S6(>  ami  liegaii  sleaniliuatiiig  on  I'ligel  Sound  aliont  iSSu.  He  was 
first  on  tile  steamer  (:\<liali  and  afterward  on  the  Favoii/,-,  .lil,lie,  Itoh  /niiig,  Ctiira  llrown,  Sl!iii;it  Cliii't.  U'nsio  and  ,1  nuiiilici  ul 
others.     He  has  receiitly  lieeu  chief  engineer  of  the  Slalf  of  ll'as/iini;ton. 

'  Capt  A.  !•'.  Stetson,  a  well  known  innster  and  pilot,  is  a  native  of  Maine  and  licgan  steanihoatiii)^  on  rnget  Sound  in  iS;i. 
His  first  tri|)  was  on  the  steamer  North  Pacitii,  and  since  that  time  he  has  run  as  master,  male  or  pilot  on  nearly  all  the  piiiuipal 
sleaniers  on  the  inland  sea. 

'Cliarles  .S  I'"ollett,  engineer,  of  Seattle.  Wash.,  was  born  in  Iowa  in  isfi.?,  and  coninienced  steanihoatiii);  in  1S79  "ii  tlit 
Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers,  where  he  served  until  i.S.S;,  when  lie  moved  to  Taeonm.  He  was  .sent  from  there  to  I'ascoe  to  I :i.,i  lliv 
steamer  C'ily  0/  /it/iiis/iiiri;  to  ihe  month  of  the  Okanagan  River,  and  remained  with  her  three  years,  riiniiin)r  from  Rock  IsI.,ih1  1" 
the  month  of  the  Okanagaii.  .Vfter  leaving  the  lillnishuii;  he  was  with  the  Pacific  Navigation  Cinn|iany  for  a  short  time,  iifu  uvani 
going  to  the  <,'iiy/ioiiiiit  and  to  the  liailfv  (Outsell,  with  which  lie  went  to  Portland  in  1.S92.  Returning,  he  worked  ashore  h  r  two 
years  and  then  joined  the  Sehumf. 

■''J.  A.  O'Neal,  engineer,  of  Port  Town.send,  Wash.,  was  horn  in  Maryland  in  1849  and  has  been  steamhoating  on  Paget  .Souml 
since  1HS9,  commencing  on  the  tug  llolyoke.     He  was  also  ou  the  Louise,  Sea   /.ion,  .Ingelts  and  other  steamers. 


Finest  Steamers  in  the  Northwest  Appear  on  Puget  Sound  Waters 


365 


leiintli  eighty-six  feet  two  inches,  beam  fourteen  feet  eight  inches,  depth  tlirce  feet  five  iiicli'--i,  at  Mt.  Vernon  ; 
;!/. •/.'/(•  Uleaker  aX  Tacoma,  Albert  Lea  at  dig  Harbor,  Advance  at  Wliatcoin,  /iJna  at  Olyinpia,  /sahelle  at  Hood's 
Canal,  Thistle  at  Blakely,  Mascolte  at  SeatUe,  I'ixeit  at  Maple  Grove,  and  I 'tsalaJv  a\.  I'tsalady.  The  Sound 
fleet  was  further  increased  in  18S9  by  the  Lillian,  built  at  Astoria  in  i8S^,  the  Sa>i  Juan  at  Portland,  the  Kalie  at 
San  I'rancisco,  and  the  Prospect,  a  steam  launch  brought  from  the  I<;ast.  On  Gray's  Harbor  the  steamer  A/ontesano, 
leiiglh  one  hundred  and  ten  feet,  beam  twenty-three  feet,  depth  of  hold  five  feet,  was  constructed  at  Cosniopolis  ; 
the  lug  Printer,  length  ninety-seven  feet  five  inches,  beam  twenty-two  feet,  depth  ten  feet  four  inches,  at  Hocpiiam  ; 
the  Wislikah  Chief,  a  small  sl?rnwheeler,  at  Aberdeen  ;  and  the  Hlma,  length  seventy-four  feet,  beam  eighteen  feet 
Iwiiiiiches,  dei)th  three  feet  five  inches,  at  Cosmopolis.  Shoalwater  Hay  steamers  in  1S89  were  the  Ji>/^'<J,  Nexv 
Yolk,  Cruiser,  Favorite.  South  liend,  Tom  Morris,  Rustler,  Tillie,  /funter  a\\(\  Traveler.  The  tug /.<'/«<  was  the  best 
marine  production  of  the  X'ictoria  district  in  1889.  She  was  launched  at  Victoria.  June  4tli,  making  her  trial  trip 
Aiii;ust  28th  in  iliarge  of  Captain  Christiansen  and  Ivngineers  Fowler"  and  Hickey.     She  is  about  one  hundred 

and  fifty  feet  long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  fourteen  feet  hold,  with  triple 
,  .  compound  engines.     Captain  Christiansen  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

and  Capt.  vSamuel  Randall  was  master  a  short  time.  I""or  the  past  two 
seasons  she  has  been  handled  by  Capt.  I,.  1'.  l.ocke.'  The  tug  Alert, 
a  propeller  of  about  forty-five  tons  register,  was  launched  at  \'ictoria 
in  1S89  and  run  for  several  years  by  Cai)lain  Clarke.  The  steamers 
Spallamacheen,  Lady  l^ujferin  and  .Marion  were  plying  in  the  lal:e 
districts  of  British  Columbia,  and  the  I'ietoria  was  out  of  service.  The 
tug  .letive  was  also  added  to  the  \'ictoria  licet.  .She  was  a  good-sized 
propeller  and  has  recently  been  in  the  towing  service  in  charge  of 
Capt.  Donald  Patterson  and  Chief  ICngineer  John  H.  Gray.  Capt. 
Asbury  Insley  launched  the  Pelauare,  length  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
six  feet,  beam  twenty-seven  feet,  depth  of  hold  five  feet,  at  New 
Westminster  in  May.  The  /hlamtre  was  a  handsome  steamer,  but 
was  not  a  success  financially,  and  her  machinery  was  removed  at 
\'ancouver  in  1894.  Other  steamers  in  Ilritisli  Colutnl)ia  this  year 
were  the  Falcon  and  Northern  Chief.  The  /saiel,  again  in  service, 
was  running  to  Comox,  Nanaimo  anil  Vancouver  in  command  of 
Capt.  J.  P.  Bcn'rodt.  The  .Amelia  was  sold  at  auction  July  17th, 
Capt.  J.  G.  Cox  being  the  purchaser. 

The  finest  steamer  built  on  the  Willamette  in  1889  was  the 
(/.  I/'.  .Shaver,  launched  at  Portland  for  the  People's  Trading  Com- 
pany, the  name  under  which  the  Shavers  were  operating.  The  .Shaver 
was  constructed  to  replace  the  .Uainaiiillo,  which  had  become  too 
small  for  thCjClatskanine  trade.  She  is  one  hundred  and  forty-five  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  and  five 
feel  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  sixteen  by  sixty  inches,  and  was  eipiipp'ed  with  Turner's  steam  steering  gear, 
a  iliinkey  engine  for  hoisting  freight,  and  all  modern  imiirovenients.  She  was  put  in  commission  June  2.?d  in 
ciiminaud  of  Capt.  James  W.  .Shaver,  with  Henry  Pajie,  engineer,  Lincoln  Shaver,  pilot,  and  was  the  best  .steamer 
ever  operated  on  that  route.  She  was  withdrawn  about  a  year  ago  and  has  since  been  employed  on  other  routes. 
Tile  lone,  length  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  four  inches,  beam  twenty-four  feet,  depth  of  hold  five  feet  six  inches, 
with  engines  fourteen  by  seventy-two  inches,  was  set  afloat  at  Portland,  July  .lOtli,  for  Capt.  W.  S.  Huchanan, 
wliii  operated  her  on  the  Portland  and  W^ishongal  route  until  1S92,  when  he  .sold  her  to  the  Ilosford  Brothers  of 
MoMiil  Tabor,  Or.  The  elder,  Olin  W.  Hosfonl,  took  command  of  the  steamer,  and  while  in  his  charge  she  has 
Muik  and  been  rai.sed  seviral  times.  She  has  lost  much  of  her  speed,  but  when  she  was  launched  few  boats  on 
ihe  liver  could  pass  her.  John  Douglass  was  her  first  engineer,  and  I'rank  Brunger  has  been  for  several  \ears  in 
charge  of  her  engines.  T'lc  steamer  .Modoc,  built  at  Portland  in  18S9  by  J.  U.  StelVen  for  the  Oregon  Kailway  i<i 
Navigation  Conipar.y'.'^  Willamette  servicv.',  is  one  hundred  and  forty-two  feet  long,  tliiity  leet  one  inch  beam, 
,iinl  lour  feet  four  inches  hold,  with  engines  fourteen  by  sixty  inches.     She  made  her  trial  tri])  to  Oregon  City, 


C.M'I.    I,.    IV     I.Ol-KK 


P 


m.  > 


% 


\-    \ 


out  iSSo.     lie  was 

(1  and  ,1  miinlitr  of 

and 

-Um 

gel  .Sound  ill  iS73> 

liui'.c 

ly  .ill  the  iiniuipiil 

lilul. 

the 

ng  ill   1S79  ""  llic 

I'Hsene  li)  t.i..r  llif 

loli 

0111  Rock  Isl.iM.l  1" 

Ilia- 

oil  time,  ufu  iwaril 

rem 

kcd  ashore  i.r  two 

olia! 

Ill,/ 

ig  on  I'liget  Souiul 

sle., 
tiiiii 

''JiispL'i  i'owk-r  of  Victoria.  H.  C,  was  Imrii  in  I^'itli,  Scollainl.  in  1S57,  oainc  to  Victoria  on  II.  M.  S.  '/'nnt///>/i  in  iS7i», 
was  tlietf  transterrt'il  to  U.  M.  S.  A'ockc/,  willi  wliidi  ho  rt'inaincu  for  two  yoars.  IW  Uu-n  U-U  llu-  s^rvicf  ami  joitu'il  the 
iiKT  H'th'J.s :'(/••  as  vw^'xuvvY.  \lv  was  at'terward  coniitH'tt'ii  witli  the  ( ini/^/'/t'r.  S^ittfiniv.v.  />c,i:'/-t  a:iil  /'/A'/,  anil  as^istt-i!  ni 
lin>^  till' machinery  for  thf  In^  /.crw*' and  placiiitj  it.  When  she  was  hiiinduM!  he  was  appointeil  j.;naraiilei' cn^;iiiccr  hy  the 
liTs  for  twelve  months,  at  the  expiration  of  wliidi  he  was  en>^a);e(l  hy  K.  IMmsmuir  vS:  Co.,  owners  ot  the  /.<>/ rft\  to  remain  with 
-'.earner  peini.tnently.     Three  years  afterwant  he  hecanie  nnister  I'lei'hanie  for  the  I-!s(inimall  vS:   Nanainio  Railway. 

'Capt.  L.  r.  Locke  was  horn  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1S52,  an«  -ommenceil  a  seafarinj.;  life  at  the  aj^e  of  sixteen.  rnnnin>; 
M'  West  Indies  with  his  father,  Capt.  Khen  J.  Kocke.  He  was  snhseqi  "Uly  en^aj,;ed  in  the  coastitijf  tratle  and  ran  as  mate  ancl 
er  on  the  V.'  'siern  ( >cean,  ^oinj^  thence  to  Antwerp,  where  he  entered  ;he  employ  of  the  Red  Star  I.ine  Steamshii)  Companv, 
iinini;  from  i.vSi  ti>  iSH^  as  thiril  and  second  offieer  while  in  their  service,  sccnriii).,'  hydro)^raphic  data  to  assist  in  making;  odot 
K  for  the  North  Atlantic.  On  leavinyj;  the  Red  Star  line  he  went  to  Hritish  Columhia  as  *irsl  olVicer  on  the  steamship  //  f  v/ 
-■'/  and  was  with  her  duriuK  hiT  exciting;  episodes  at  h|iiiipii.  (tn  retnrniii);  to  Ilritisli  Colnmhia  he  look  connnand  of  th.- 
iishii)  H'rliitnifon  for  a  few  trips  dnriiij;  tlie  .hsence  of  Captain  Salinond,  was  atlerward  first  ollicer  on  the  I.otut'  for  a  shoa 
.md  was  then  appointed  master  of  the  in^. 


I.i 


366 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


June  28tli,  with  Miles  Bell,  captain,  Edward  McKeely,  chief  engineer,  and  Harry  Blanchard,  purser.  Bell  relaimd 
his  position  until  1S91,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  J.  L.Smith,  who  has  since  handled  her.  The  Willaiiuiti' 
Steam  Mills  &  Lumbering  Company  completed  the  JVo  (('<)«</(•/■,  length  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feel  t'uni' 
inches,  beam  twenty-seven  feet  eight  inches,  and  depth  of  hold  three  feet  six  inches.  The  steamer  was  coiislnuli.il 
under  the  supervision  of  Capt.  Frank  Turner  and  was  equipped  with  a  number  of  improvements  for  handliiij;  ioj; 
rafts.  Turner's  long  experience  in  this  business  enabling  him  to  turn  out  tlie  finest  craft  of  this  kind  wliirli  had 
yet  appeared.  Her  builder  remained  in  command,  with  VV.  H.  Marshall,  chief  engineer,  until  iXg^,  iiiul  simc 
that  time  she  has  been  run  by  Capt.  Charles  Spinner.  Capt.  Joseph  Kellogg,  who  had  been  engaged  in  marine 
pursuits  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  rivers  for  forty  years,  in  i.S,Sij  launclied  the  steamer  A'orlhur^l.  a 
light-draft  sternwheeler  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  feet  .seven  inches  long,  twenty-.seven  feet  five  inches  licain. 
four  feet  eight  inches  hold, 
with  engines  twelve  and  one- 
half  by  fifty  inches.  She  has 
been  engaged  in  the  Cowlitz 
trade  since  ker  completion,  in 
charge  of  Captains  Orrin  and 
Ivdward  Kellogg.  J.  B.  Mont- 
gomery's propeller  cyclone 
proved  such  a  remunerative 
venture,  that  in  1.S89  he  set 
afloat  the  steamer  'J'yphooH, 
length  -seventy-four  feet  five 
inches,  beam  fourteen  feet, 
depth  of  hold  four  feet  five 
inches,  with  engines  eleven 
and  twenty-two  by  twelve 
inches.  She  was  engaged  but 
a  short  time  on  the  route  for 
which  she  was  intended,  and 
in  June,  1890,  was  .sold  to 
George  Kmerson  of  Gray's 
Harbor,  where  .she  ran  for  a 
short  time  and  was  then  dis- 
posed of  to  C.  O.  Lorenz"  of 
Tacoina,  who  is  still  operating 
her.  George  \V.  Adams  was  her  first  master  on  the  Willamette.  The  tug  PonaU  went  out  ol  .service  in  iS,Si|.  ami 
her  machinery  was  placed  in  a  new  hull  constructed  at  Portland  for  the  Oregon  Railway  iS:  Navigation  Company. 
The  new  tug  was  christened  the  W'alfbua  mv\  is  one  hundred  and  eleven  feet  six  inches  long,  twenty-three  ket 
nine  inches  beam,  and  eleven  feet  six  inches  hold.  She  has  been  in  charge  of  Capt.  R.  Iv  Howes  since  lar 
completion.  A.  F.  Goodrich  was  her  first  engineer,  and  John  ,S.  Kidd  has  recently  filled  that  position.  Tlie 
steamer  (icoi^e  //.  C/kihiy,  built  at  Vaquina  for  a  deep-.sea  fishing  coinpany,  was  launched  I'Vbruary  i,",Ui  ^ni'l 
made  several  successful  trips  to  the  halibut  banks  in  command  of  George  W.  Adams  and  Peter  H.  Crini.  TIk' 
fishing  business  proved  unprofitable,  and  in  1892  she  was  handled  by  Capt.  J.  J.  Winant  in  the  coasting  trade.  Slie 
was  lengthened  and  rebuilt  in  1893  and  has  since  been  running  as  the  //n/u/orM-,  Winant  still  remaining  in  charj;e. 
Other  steamers  completed  at  Portland  in  1889  were  the  Ci/y  0/  .Isloria,  which  was  the  old  Cily  of  Sellvood 
remodeled,  the  liaranoff  io\  the  BaranofT  Packing  Company  of  Alaska,  the  Volunlcer,  which  is  still  jobbing  ahmit 
Portland  with  James  Good,  captain,  the  F.  P.  \\'i-i\ihl  for  Green  C.  Love,  and  the  l.ina,  a  small  stcrnwlieekr  for 
the  Lewis  and  Lake  rivers  trade.  At  Astoria  the  C.  W.  Rich,  a  diminutive  propeller,  was  constructed  for  llie 
Lewis  and  Clarke  River  ;  the  Eclipse  was  built  by  Capt.  Max  Skibbe  for  towing  and  jobbing  ;  the  A'cs/lcss  lor 
Capt.  Harry  Finley,"  who  has  since  operated  her  on  Shoalwater  Hay  ;  and  the  J'islier.  which  was  Capt  liii 
Haaven's  /"/v/zV  rebuilt,  by  J.  O.  Hanthorn.  The  /fariest  Moon,  a  .sternwheeler  eighty-two  feet  long,  sevenUuii 
feet   eight    inches   beam,   and    three    feet    seven    inches    hold,    with    engines   eight   by    thirty-.six    inches,   w.is 


I.IN'Cni.N   Sll.A\'KK 


\v.  Smaviih  ■ 


Cait.  .1.  W.  Shavi  k 


'?!■:;! 


"Capt.  C.  O.  Lorenz  of  Taconm  was  l)orii  in  Ciermany  in  i8.?4.  His  first  steanibontiiiK  in  llie  Nurlliwcst  was  at  Taimiia. 
wlierc  he  liuill  llie  steamer  Sof'hia,  wliicli  lie  iijierateil  in  connection  with  his  hiniher  Imsiness.  In  1.SS6  he  secured  the  mail  cumtait 
on  the  Henderson  Bay  route  and  with  his  son,  Capl.  Ivdward  I.orcnz,  constructed  the  steamer  Afcla  in  uSSS.  Tliey  operaleil  '  "tli 
steamers  nntil  a  short  time  ago,  wlien  the  Snfi/iia  was  solil  to  Capt.  I'rank  Hihhiiis.     Capl.  Ivilward  I.oreii/.  is  still  ruuniiiK  the  .1/  Ai 

'Capt.  Harry  I'inley  was  liorn  in  Denmark  ill  11X47  and  followed  his  calling  on  .\llaiilic  sailing  vessels  for  a  number  of  ;.  irs. 
coining  to  tlic  I'acific  Coast  in  1S64,  where  he  first  ran  on  the  schooner  /uiipsc  from  San  I'rancisco  to  Coos  Hay.  After  a  year  ^"i-ul 
coastwise  on  the  schooner  T:ci>  Hiolliers,  he  returned  to  New  Vork  and  went  from  there  hack  to  Deninark,  where  he  reinaintil  iilil 
1870,  when  he  left  for  San  I-'raticisco.  On  arrival  that  year  he  went  on  the  schooner  HotcH'C  cojistwisc.  .and  was  shipwrecUt  ;  on 
her  that  fall.  He  afterward  sliippeil  on  the  following  vessels:  brigs  />Vii«,(i  and  /./>'.  /•',i;i/,  bark  ( 'ii/(7((«(/,  schooner /'i, ./  ind 
others,  rnnning  between  San  l'"raneisco  anil  I'liget  Sound  and  coast  ports.  In  1875  lie  went  to  .Shoalwater  Hay,  where  he  h.i-  if" 
connectetl  with  the  steamers  A'lmvna  and  A'est/ess. 


K. '  ■" 


Hell  retained 
lie  WillaiiRiti" 
live  feel  I'mii- 
as  coiislniclcil 

■  liandliii);  Icij; 
ml  wliiili  liul 
<93,  and  sime 
a[ed  ill  marine 

A'orllnir^l.  a 

■  inches  titani. 


e  ill  iSScj.  and 

ion  Company, 
nly-tluee  ket 

wes  since  liir 
)sition.     Tlie 

.lary  i;,lli  and 
Crini.     The 

n>;  trade.  Slie 
nj;  in  cliar);c. 
r  0/  SrllUiHhl 
ohliiiig  aliiint 
riiwheeler  lor 
ucted  for  the 

le  A'cslk.o  liir 

was   Capliin 

UK,  sevenliun 

inches,   was 


was  at  Taiiiin.i, 
lif  mail  cuir.i.n-t 
|ieratfil  '  "ili 

MIMIK  the     I/'- /'I. 

iinilicr  of  ;.  irs, 
icr  ;i  year  -■  cut 
reiiiaiiuil  nlil 
Iii])wrecU^  I'll 
iner  /'i.  //.  aul 
ure  lie  ha-  :  leti 


Finest  Steamers  in  thv  Northwest  Appear  on  Puget  Sound  Waters 


367 


laniiched  at  New  Era  hy  Capt.  James  Welch,  and  the  Chiitiuik  at  Chinook  on  the  Columbia  for  the  Bartlett  Bay 
Packing  Company.  The  Gold  Callnnr  is  a  seventy-foot  steam  .scow  huilt  in  the  interior  of  Idaho  to  run  between 
Huntington  and  Salmon  Falls  on  Snake  River.  She  was  used  by  her  owners  in  prospecting  and  washing  out 
gull  from  the  sands  along  the  stream,  and  formed  the  basis  for  an  extensive  suit  against  the  Oregon  Short  Line 
Company,  who.se  bridge  across  the  Snake  River  would  not  permit  the  Hold  (iathcirr  to  pass  down.  The  steam 
tui;  Tn'i(inf>h  was  completed  at  I'arkersburg,  Or.,  for  the  Coijuille  Mill  iS:  Tug  Company.  J.  I'arker  was  her  first 
ma--tcr,  and  for  the  past  five  years  she  has  been  in  charge  of  Capt.  Levi  Snytler.  The  l.ibetly  was  set  afloat  at 
Bandon  by  Averill,  Long  iS:  Co.,  anil  has  since  been  bandied  on  the  Cocpiille  by  Capt.  John  Erick.son.  The  .small 
sle, liner  Louise  v.'as  brought  from  San  iMancisco  to  the  Xestticca  River  by  I).  A.  I'inlay  &  Co.,  and  the  Lillian 
from  the  same  place  to  the  Siuslaw,  where  she  was  run  by  Capt.  John  Hergmaii  for  her  owners,  Meyers  &  Kyle.'" 
The  llaytian  Republic  commenced  to  run  between  San  Francisco  and  Seattle  in  1889,  and  in  the 
comparatively  few  years  of  her  career  has  furnished  the  newspaiiers  with  more  startling  items  than  any  other 
steamship  ill  Northwestern  waters.  The  llaytiiui  /uf>iihlii  was  built  at  Hath,  Me.,  in  1.SS5,  for  Captain  Compton. 
.She  is  one  hundred  and  ninety-one  feet  five  inches  long,  thirty-six  feet  one  inch  btam,  and  twenty  feet  two  inches 
hold,  with  eii.i;iiies  twenty-two  and  forty-four  by  tliirty-six  inches.  Her  sensational  career  began  almost  with  her 
first  trip.  While  running  to  Hayti  during  the  Ilippolyte  rebellion,  Compton  sold  a  small  brass  cannon  and  some 
ammunition  to  the  rebels.  Vox  this  act  she  was  seized  by  Legitime,  but  the  United  States  Government  compelled 
hi'  i  to  release  her.  Before  she  left  the  harbor  at  Port  an  Prince,  one  of  Legitime's  gunboats,  the  Nanetlc 
I  ,i:'dr<<i/iti;  tried  to  sink  her  in  a  deliberate  collision,  the  marks  of  which  were  still  visible  when  she  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast.  In  i.SSij  she  was  purchased  by  the  Kodiak  P.icking  Company  and  brought  around  the  Horn  to  be 
used  in  connection  with  their  cannery  interests,  .She  proved  too  large  for  this  purpose,  and  was  soon  laid  up. 
.She  was  u.sed  for  a  short  time  as  an  opposition  steamship  between  San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound,  and  in  June, 
iX  )2,  was  chartered  by  Dnnbar,  Hluin  iV  Thompson  of  Portland,  with  the  option  of  purchase  if  the  payments  were 
made  as  agreed.  Dunbar  and  his  as.sociates  were  operating  as  the  Merchants'  Steamship  Company,  ostensibly 
carrying  fr'^igh*.  and  passengers  between  \'ancoiiver  and  Puget  .Sound  points  and  the  Columbia  River,  but  in 
reality  contraband  Chinamen  and  opium  constituted  the  imisl  ])nifit:ib'e  ])art  of  her  cargoes.  The  smuggr.ng  ring 
made  the  first  and  secoiul  payments  <in  the  ship,  but  the  loss  of  the  \\'iliii/>if;loii  and  several  thoiisan  .  dollars' 
worth  of  opium  compelled  them  to 
turn  her  over  to  the  mortgagee,  the 
Northwest  Loan  .S:  Trust  Company  of 
Portland,  in  whose  hands  the  steaiiu  r 
was  repeatedly  .seized,  charged  with 
inijioiting  Chinese  and  opium,  but 
was  always  promptly  released  under 
liond.  When  the  i-xpt'sr  of  the  big 
smuggling  ring  came,  she  >as  taken 
to  Portland,  where  she  remained  for 
several  months,  pending  the  result  of 
licr  owners'  trial,  at  the  coiicliisiuii  uf 
which  she  was  sold  by  the  Oovern- 
mcnt  to  .Sutton  &  Heebe  for  Si''.<'c;ii. 
They  made  extensive  repairs  and 
renamed  her  the  /\uil<iiid.  disposing 
of  her  a  short  time  afterward  to  ,^au 
Pr.iucisco  parties.  On  her  first  trip 
mukr  the  new  ir^inii  she  left 
Xanainio  with  a  large  cargo  of  coal, 

in  charge  of  Capt.  !■;.  W.  Holmes  and  „  '-  _ 

Pir-l  Officer  I L  K.  Struve,  her  fi)rnier  —^——  .-^-^  .  -- 

,  ,  .    •         ■  Ti  '.  '■  TRirxM-H  ■ 

nl,l^ter,  and  was  caught 

storm  that  .sent  the  k'tictrmtli  and  Moiitsnral  to  the  bottom.  The  /\<iit(iiid  escaped  by  a  miracle,  putting  in  to 
Victoria  in  a  damaged  condition.  Her  cargo  was  discharged,  and  after  a  few  repairs  she  proceeded  to  San 
I'r.cncisco,  where  she  was  secured  by  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  to  operate  between  Panama  and  the 
co;;ee  ports.  Capt.  V,.  T.  Rogers  was  her  master  when  she  was  transferred  to  the  new  company  and  has  since 
Continued  in  charge. 

The  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Ci  mpaiiy  replaced  the  Aiuvii  with  the  haud.soine  new  propeller  Corona,  built 
in  Philadelphia  in  i.SSS.  The  ( 'i'/.>(/(f  is  two  huiulreil  and  twenty  feet  long,  thirty-five  feet  beam,  nine  feet  five 
indies  hold,  was  brought  out  Ironi  Philadeliihia  liy  Cajit.  Charles  Ooodall  and  went  north  in  March  in  charge  of 

'"  William  Kyle  of  l-'loreiioc,  Or.,  was  liorn  in  Scollaiul  in  iSjS  ami  caiiie  \'<  .\sliiria  in  1S75  on  llie  lirilish  Iwrk  /'•ii.ur.  lie 
let:  he  vessel  at  .\sloria,  where  he  resiileil  tititil  1SS7,  when  lie  went  to  I'lorenee  ami  inirehaseil  tlie  steamer  t.illi,tn  M  Coos  H.iy  and 
lilt    11)5  Kitbaiis  at  San  l''rancisei),  openilinn  llie  two  vessels  in  conneeliou  with  Ins  nicrcanlilc  Im.siness  and  salmon  cannery. 


.jS* 


"i 


ill  I   I 


il     ' 


;( 


368 


Lewis  cf  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


James  Carroll,  captain  ;  Edward  Cheney,  first  officer ;  J.   A.   Williams,  chief  engineer ;  G.   Mitchell,  assistant. 
Carroll  was  succeeded  by  David  O.  Wallace,"  who  ran  her  until  Novenilier,  when  the  O'/)'  of  Topeka  was  sint 
to  take  her  place.     Richard  K.  I'omlin  "  afterward  served  as  chief  engineer,  with  Henry  l,ux,"  first  assistant.     Tlie 
latter  steamer  has  lieen  on  the  route  continuou.sly  since  that  time,  with  David  Wallace,  master,  and  William  I,;uv, 
chief  engineer.     The  City  of  Topeka  was  built  at  Chester,  Penn.,  in  1884  for  some  Hoston  people,  but  was  sold  .i 
few  years  afterward  to  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  .Santa  F6  Railroad  and 
.sent  to  the  Coast  about  1886.     She  is  one  hundred  and  ninety-eight 
feet  long,  thirty-five  feet  beam,  and  twelve  feet  hold.     The  steamship 
City  of  Puebia  was  placed  on  the  Puget  Sound  route  in  1889  in  command 
of  Captain  Debney,  who  was  for  many  years  master  of  the  State  of 
California.    A.  H.  Kress  was  chief  engineer,  and  in  October  the  steamer 
made  the  fastest  passage  on  record  between  San  Francisco  and  Victoria, 
covering  tlie  distance  in  fifty  hours.     This  tinie  was  reduced  by  the 
same  steamer  a  year  later  to  forty  eight  and  one-half  hours.     The  City 
of  Puebia  is  three  hundred  and  twenty  feet  six  inches  long,  thirty-eight 
feet  six  inches  beam,  seventeen  feet  hold,  and  is  still  on  the  Victoria 
route.     Capt.  James  L.  Ferguson,  who  had  held  the  office  of  inspector 
of  hulls  for  the  Willamette  district  since  i88,v  was  succeeded  in  1889 
by  Capt.  E.  S.  Edwa^-ds,  who  still  fills  that  po.sition  in  a  very  satis- 
factory manner.     Frank  McDermott,  appointed  boiler  inspector  in  1887, 
remains  in  charge  of  that  department  at  the  present  time.     Capt.  U. 
Sebree,  one  of  the  most  popular  lighthouse  inspectors  who  ever  served 
in  the  Northwest,  was  succeeded  in  18S9  by  Capt.  W.  W.  Rhodes. 

With  the  exception  of  the  Smith-McAlpine  trouble  a  few  years 
later,  the  only  strike  of  any  consequence  in  which  Northwestern  steam- 
boatmen  participated  took  place  in  1889.  The  trouble  was  the  result 
of  an  order  from  Omaha  directing  a  cut  in  the  pay  of  masters,  pilots 
and  engineers  on  the  river  and  Sound  steamers  controlled  bytlie  Union 
Pacific,  which  hra  recently  assumed  control  of  the  Oregon  ^.lilway  & 
Navigation  Co.iipany.  The  new  schedule  allowed  the  men,  in  who.se  charge  hundreds  of  lives  and  many  thousoiul 
dollars'  worth  of  property  were  daily  placed,  about  the  same  wages  earned  by  a  hod  carrier  or  truck  driver.  The 
Northwestern  steamboatmen  not  only  refused  to  accept  the  terms  offered,  but  surprised  the  Eastern  railroad 
managers  by  striking  for  a  slight  advance.  Every  steamboat  of  any  consequence  on  the  Columbia  River  and 
Puget  Sound  was  tied  up  for  several  days.  No  better  evidence  of  the  ignorance  of  the  men  who  were  responsible 
for  the  trouble  is  needed  than  a  telegram  sent  from  the  railroad  headciuarters  at  Omaha  stating  that,  if  the  men 


Cai't.  Oaviii 


'Capt.  David  O.Wallace  was  Imrn  in   NewlierKh,  Scotland,  January  22,    1S5V  and  coninii'iircd  K"'"K  '"  ^^'a  when  a  Imy, 

sailing  on  deep-water  vessels  to  various  pans 
of  the  world.  He  arrived  on  the  Calilnriii;i 
coast  at)out  twenty-five  years  aj;o,  entered 
tile  sleainship  service  as  seaman  on  llie 
Santa  Crw:.  and  was  similarly  en^jaj^ed  uii 
several  other  Fteanisliijis  running  sonlh  (Voiii 
""  San    Francisco,  afterward   lieinj^  appoiiitcl 

mate  on  the  t.os  Angilii.  The /lA;//.'  a. is 
his  first  command,  and  from  her  he  went  111 
the  Anion,  which  he  coniinanded  until  she 
was  wrecked.  lie  was  then  Kiven  charge  i>r 
the  steamship  City  0/  7'iif<fka,  and,  willi  tlie 
exception  of  intervals  when  she  was  replace' 
liy  the  Afiviio,  has  handled  her  on  the 
.Alaska  route  continuously  since  the  liissnl 
the  .tnion. 

'■  Riclinrd  K.  Tonilin,  euniiieer,  u.is 
horn  in  New  Jersey  in  i.S4<;  and  l)ef;aii  liis 
marine  career  in  the  I'nited  States  Navy.  He 
remained  with  the  engineering  departiiieiil 
of  the  Navy  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and 
then  ran  on  various  .Atlantic  Coast  ste  1111- 
sliips  until  1NS2,  when  he  came  to  the  I'.uitic 
Coast  oil  the  steamship  (Jnifii  of  tlif  l\h:iii 
as  water  teniier.  He  remained  there  a  slhirl 
time  and  then  returned  Kast,  coming  nut 
again  as  tirst  assistant  on  the  tug  Kil:rl. 
leaving  her  to  go  in  the  same  capacity  on  the  steamship  lyUlametle  and  afterward  on  the  Qiiern  and  luiirJta,  and  was  then  proiiu'lcd 
to  chief  of  the  liiiifka,  where  he  ran  for  .about  fourteen  months,  leaving  her  to  go  .as  first  assistant  <ni  the  I  iiialilla.  He  was  i.ext 
chief  of  the  steamship  Co'   na  for  nearly  three  years,  and  for  the  same  length  of  time  has  heeii  first  assistant  on  the  .-lusiia/ia. 

'■'  Henry  I.ux,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Cermany  in  I.S66  and  came  to  San  Trancisco  when  three  years  of  age.  After  .serviii.;  an 
apprenticeship  he  worked  in  different  machine  shops  until  iSSi,  when  he  joined  the  steamship  San  /iiaii  as  water  tender.  He  lias 
since  lieeii  engaged  on  the  City  0/  I'anaiiiii.  San  lltas,  San  /i)\,\  I'lnati/la,  (f(7/(i»/^//c  aiid  ri)>()«r/,  serving  in  dilfereiit  capaiines 
until  1889.  when  he  was  appointed  first  assistant  on  the  Corona.  He  has  held  a  similar  position  on  the  ll'iltamettr  ani\  Ct/y ''I 
riiehia  and  for  the  past  three  years  has  lieen  cngageil  on  the  Corona. 


Stkamsimp  "Citn 


Finest  Stfimers  in  the  Northwest  Appear  on  Puget  Sound  Waters 


369 


Hid  not  take  the  steamers  out  within  twenty-four  hours,  steamboatmen  would  be  started  from  the  East  to  take 

tliiir  places.     When  they  were  informed  that  it  re((uired  several  years  of  practical  experience  on  these  waters 

bi  lore  a  man  could  secure  a  license,  a  change  of  tactics  was  adopted,  and,  after  transportation  had  been  practically 

blocked  for  a  week,  the  engineers  were  granted  an  increase  in  wages, 

and  the  order  reducing  the  salaries  of  the  masters  and  pilots  was  «,- 

willidrawn. 

Some  very  fine  productions  swelled  the  numljer  of  Pacific  Coast 

built   vessels    in    1.S89,   Port    Blakely    leading   with    the    four-masted 

schooners    (ioldeii    Shore    and    Kobrrt    Leurrs    and    the    barkeiitine 

lrmj!;ard.     The   latter  is  one  hundred   and   seventy-six    feet    long, 

thirty-seven    feet   eight    inches   lieam,  and    fourteen   feet   four  inches 

hold,  net  tonnage  670.     The  Golden  Shore  is  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
five  feet  one  inch  lon^,  thirty-eight  feet  five  inches  beam,  fourteen  feet 

two   iiiclies   hold,  tonnage    6(14.      The    /.erirrs   is   one   hundred   and 

eifjlity-five    feet   one   inch    long,  thirty-nine    feet    two   inches   beam, 

fourteen  feet  three  inches  hold.     The  schooner  Gmdiiur  Cily,  length 

one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  feet,  beam  thirty-nine  feet,  depth  twelve 

feet,  tonnage   451,  was   launched    at    Xorlh    Hend,  and    the    Sophia 

Sii/her/itiid,  length  o!ie  hundred  and  five  feet,  beam  twenty-five  feet 

seven  inches,   depth  ten  feet  three  inches,  tonnage   148,  at  Tacoma. 

The  Columbia  River  grain  fleet  for   1S89  included  sixty-five  vessels, 

the  largest  of  which  was  the  British  .ship  Scollish  Glens,  2,061   tons, 

and  the  smallest  the  British  bark  Janet  J'crgiison,  5,Si  tons.     Forty- 
nine  were  over  i,()ootons  register,  thirty-six  over  1,200,  sixteen  over 

i.;,ix),  eleven   over   1,600,  four  over   i,Soo,  and  two  over  2,000  tons. 

PiiRet  Sonn-l's  lumber  fleet  far  eclipsed  this  record,  over  four  hundred 

vessels  loading  at  the  various  mill  ports  cm  the  inland  .sea.  The  Puget 
Mill  Company  was  at  the  head  of  the  list,  with  fifty-eight  cargoes  from 
Port  Gamble,  thirty-four  from  Port  Ludlow  and  twenty-five  from 
Utsalady.  Port  Blakely  shipjjed  eighty-nine  cargoes,  Tacoma  seventy- 
one.  Port  Discovery  sixty-five,  Port  Hadlock  forty  and  C.ig  Harbor 
nineteen.  Puget  Sound  also  sent  foreign  seventeen  cargoes  of  grain  as 
follows:  British  ships — Cambrian  Prince  \.s\'C),  Francis  Thoif>e  1,257, 
A'ilh  yijo.  Lady  Cairns  1,265,  .1/ar//>oro  Hill  2, ,^63,  Dunboyne  i,;,79, 
I.eyland  Hros.  2,238,  John  R.  Kelley  2,254,  I-i-~ic  Hell  1,036,  Craiifend 
.',218:  American  ships — /uhcard  O' /Irien  2,154,  Reaper  1,395,  ""d 
Senator  1,695  '•  Briti.sh  barks — k'icr  1)^6,  Edinburghshire  1,277.  Madeira 
S45,  and  Dunbartonshire  915  tons. 

The  worst  marine  catastrophe  since  the  burning  of  the  Grappler 

in  1883  occurred  in  May,  1889.  when  the  splendid  sidewheeler  Alaskan 

\        fl^^H^^^^^^^^^^U^         foundered   olT  Cape    Blanco,  carrying   down   over   thirty    men.     The 

\        ^T^m^Bn^^^^^Ec'^         steamer  was  bound  for  San   Krancisco,  where  she  was  to  go  on   the 

drydock  for  repairs.  vShe  left  Portland,  Mav  loth,  with  the  following 
ofilcers  and  crew:  R.  K.  Howes,"  master;  (1.  W.  Wood,  first  officer; 
Seymour  T.  Weeks,  .second  officer;  Walter  Swain.''  chief  engineer; 
A.  G.  Mitchell,  first  assistant  engineer  ;  Albert  Rabies,  steward  ; 
James    Stevenson,  watchman  ;     W.    Knier.son    and    James    McGeary, 

w.il.r  tenders ;    M.   McLean  and  T.  Wallace,  oilers;    William   Hunter,  George   Shielderup,  J.   N.  Graham  and 


CAl'T.    R.    H.    HOWKS 


\ 


?HBPP»*'' 


"Ciipt.  R.  K.  Howes  was  liorn  at  Cape  Coil,  Mass.,  in  1S46,  and  beKau  sailing  on  coasting  ves.stls  at  llie  age  of  twelve.  He 
rc.nhtil  .San  l'"raniisco  in  I.Sfii  on  the  ship  /•'/yi'ii;  .S'cHi.',  reUirning  with  her  to  New  York  hy  way  of  hpiiipii  anil  Liverpool.  He  was 
■^iitiM.iueiitly  in  llie  West  Imli m  anil  Meiliterranean  trade  for  six  years,  and  also  made  a  trip  lo  (Ireetdand.  In  1S6S  he  was  master 
"I  tin  liark  t.fiiiiie/  and  afti.ward  lomniamled  the  lloiiut.  lie  then  sailcil  from  New  York  for  .Australia  and  China  with  the  hark 
MiJ I',  wliiili  was  lost  on  a  coral  reef  while  <;/  (ii«/f  from  Hongkong  to  Manila.  Going  back  lo  New  York,  he  started  for  Portland 
as  in  lie  of  the  I'rceiiian  Claik,  leaving  her  at  .Astoria  to  lake  a  similar  position  on  WkJuiw  .1.  Fnlkeiihog.  He  remaiued  ai.l.ire  at 
I'liril. 111(1  for  a  year  and  in  i.S7y  joined  the  Mary  '/'iiy/nr  ou  the  liar,  going  from  her  to  the  pilot  schooncry.  C.  Cousins.  lie  was  next 
■i|ili"iiileil  pilot  ou  the  steamship  Mississi/ifii,  serving  with  her  until  she  hnrned,  then  joining  the  steamship  ('(,;'(iH,  where  he 
aolnl  as  Columbia  bar  pilot  for  nearly  ten  vears.  When  bar  pilots  were  no  longer  employed  on  the  San  I-'rancisco  steamers,  C.'iptain 
lliiucn  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  tug  Donai.t,  which  he  operated  on  the  bar  until  she  «as  replaced  hy  the  new  tug  ll'allir.ca,  of 
will,  h  Ik-  then  took  coininaud  and  has  since  handled.  With  the  exception  of  his  terrible  experience  with  the  .l/iisi'ttri,  Captain 
H'lvws  has  always  been  fortunate  with  his  charges,  and  at  various  times  while  working  ou  the  bar  has  takeu  steamers  from  the 
Ciilimibia  River  to  I'uget  Sound. 

'  Walter  Swain  was  born  in  Nantucket  in  1855.  He  reached  the  I'acific  Coast  as  assistant  engineer  on  the  steamship  Walla 
ll\i,\i  ill  iSSi,  remaining  on  her  for  a  short  time  and  then  going  to  the  Orei^on.  He  was  afterward  chief  on  the  Afogiil,  Holyoke 
ami  "ilicr  tugboats,  and  first  assistant  on  the  T.  J.  Poller,  leaving  her  to  go  to  the  Ahisliaii,  with  which  he  went  to  his  death.  Prior 
to  III-  arrival  ou  the  I'iicific  Coast  he  was  engageil  as  assistant  engineer  ou  Atlantic  Coa.st  steamships  I'etwecn  Hoston,  Savannah  anil 
ClMili-ston. 


!|lif 


t,  !. 


I! 


i 

■;   I 
1;   i 


370 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


J.  N.  O.  Hrown,  (luartermaNters ;  Tlioiiias  Gilligan,  Patrick  Manny,  Patrick  Conner,  V.  I{.  Wheelanii,  Jiliii 
Carrington  and  M.  Kellelicr,  firemen  ;  J.  Ahem,  Willinin  Collins,  Henry  Mahon,  ICdward  Sliarpless,  G.  H.  Ruvs, 
Patrick  Snllivan,  John  Welch  and  Charles  Alhert,  coal- passers  ;  William  Johnson,  porter;  Iv.  Ward,  pantryin.m  . 
Ivinil  Wenzle  and  James  Keweley,  cooks  ;  J.  Monaghan.  waiter  ;  Hred  Norman,  baker  ;  H.  Bernhardt  and  I'  A. 
Carlson,  mess  hoys  ;  Walfred  Johnson,  Andy  \'enson,  R.  Jewell,  W.  Denny,  J.  Roscoe.  W.  Norris  and  TlK'nlore 
Froid,  seaman  ;  and  three  stowaways,  names  unknown.  The  steamer  carried  neither  freight  nor  passengers, 
and  only  enough  coal  for  the  voyage.  The  story  of  the  terrible  di.saster  is  briefly  toUl  in  the  following  extracts 
from  the  log  kept  by  Captain  Howes,  which  with  the  crew  list  was  secured  by  the  captain  before  the  ste.iiner 
went  down  : 

"  SleniiiiT  .■llaskaii  left  I'orliaiiil,  I'riilBV,  May  loth,  .it  iiiiiliiiKlit,  arriving,'  iit  .Vstoria,  .Satunlay,  May  lltli,  at  .Sioci  \  m. 
I.efl  the  OreKiin  Railway  iS:  .VaviKatioii  Coiii|>aiiy  ili)ck  at  ii:,vi  A.  M.,  irnsscil  out  i)ViT  tile  liar,  whii-li  was  very  siiionlh,  wiiiil  liiihl 
from  the  westward.  Took  our  ilepartiirc  fniiii  llie  whistling  liuoy  at  i:i>:i  v.  M..  sit  the  patent  loj,;,  evervthiiij!  working  well,  ship 
iiiakiii)' nine  miles  an  hour,  anil  slinpcil  our  course '.iiilh  by  east.  At  irim  i'.  M.  Foulweathcr  liKht  liore  east  r.ortheast,  fniirleeii 
miles  distant,  wind  liKht  south  sontlieast,  pas-l,i){  rain  showers,  liaroineter  29.S5,  steailv.  Sunday,  May  12th:  l,oii);ituile  by 
observation  4.5°  5',  ei(jhteeii  miles  ofT shore  ;  wind  increasiiit;,  sea  (■eltiiiK  rouKli,  ship  laboring  heavily  ami  ooniniencing  to  make 

water;  slowed  the  ship 
down  dead  slow.  .At  ^:u> 
I'.  M.  set  main  trys.iil  to 
keep  ship's  head  to  wiiii'. 
an  d  sea.  At  .|:c«i  i'  M 
port  Kuard  be);:in  to 
break  up,  and  aTler  licmse 
be>;aii  to  work  so  t  li  :i  t 
water  came  in  freely  ; 
tried  to  stop  tlie  le  .1  k  5 
with  beildinj;.  .-\t  bum 
I'.  M.  port  ^nard  wein, 
just  forward  of  1  In- 
wheel,  carrying!  away 
the  covering  lioanl  aiul 
liiirstiuK  one  of  the  iip|>iT 
plates.  I'p  to  this  tinif 
iiail  kept  the  shiji  Irtc : 
pumps  reported  as  duiiij; 
well,  and  by  slulliiij;  llit 
rents  with  blankets  wc 
had  yreat  hopes  ol  sav 
iiiK  the  shi)i  if  it  iiiodcr- 
ated  at  all,  but  it  ili<l  not. 
wind  and  sea  increasetl, 
and  the  ship's  u]>]ier 
works  gradually  went  tn 
pieces,  water  pouring  in 
on  all  sides,  iiuinps  work- 
inj^  to  their  fullest  eajiac- 
ity  but  water  increasing 
rapiilly.  Put  the  ship 
before  wind  and  sea  at 
I  I  :qo  p.  m.  and  inaiie 
preparations  to  save  lite. 
Kannched  all  four  lioats 

suceessfnlly.  but  one  not  stove  in  before  we  could  ;;et  any  one  in  her.  The  fires  were  out  before  we  undertook  to  launch  the  tmals. 
and,  before  the  last  boat  was  lanncheil,  the  ship  had  stopped  turning.;  her  wheel  ;  all  bands  obevinj^  orders  and  doinj;  well.  The 
boats  were  astern,  and  the  men  were  ordererl  to  put  on  life  preservers  and  ^o  on  a  line  to  them,  but  were  afi  lid  to  j^o,  preferring'  to 
stay  by  the  ship  rather  than  take  the  chances  of  beiiiy  picked  up  by  the  boats.  .At  1:00  o'clock  Monday  morning  saw  a  vessel's 
liKlits  to  the  northward,  sent  up  rockets  and  buriieil  torclies,  and  at  2:15  the  ship  went  ilown  stern  first  and  broke  in  two,  the  captain, 
engineer  and  about  ten  others  oil  board," 

The  condensed  language  of  the  above  log,  while  eloquent  by  its  brevity,  gives  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  terrilile 
scenes  dtiring  the  last  hours  of  the  fine  vessel  Al  Rallies,  the  veteran  steward,  bowed  down  by  weight  of  years, 
was  l)egged  to  leave  the  wreck  and  take  his  chances  of  reaching  a  boat,  Captain  Howes  .sending  him  af)  for  llial 
purpose  with  two  seamen  ;  but  when  the  last  boat  had  left  the  ship,  and  Howes  and  these  remaining  witli  liim 
were  awaiting  the  inevitable,  the  old  man  came  back  to  the  pilot-house,  and,  when  remonstrated  with  lui  not 
going,  pointed  to  the  terrific  seas  curling  over  them  and  said  :  "  It's  no  use.  captain  ;  I  am  loo  old,  and  could  not 
make  it.  I  will  have  to  go  down  with  the  ship.  "  Swain,  chief  engineer.  Weeks,  second  olVicer,  and  W.  iKiiiiy. 
a  seaman,  al.so  refused  to  go  in  the  boat,  which  was  cttt  Ioo.se  at  i:<m)  a.  m.  Weeks  was  last  seen  a  few  niimiles 
before  the  steamer  went  down.  He  left  the  bridge,  where  he  had  been  talking  with  Captain  Howes,  to  go  below. 
and  before  he  could  reach  the  deck  again  the  Alaskan  had  gone  to  the  bottom.  When  Captain  Howes  fotiiid  his 
steamer  sinking  beneath  him  he  leaped  as  far  as  po.ssible  to  one  side  in  order  to  keep  clear  of  the  suction,  .mil 
when  he  came  to  the  surface  she  had  disap|)eared.  He  succeeded  in  reaching  a  portion  of  the  deck,  ami.  alter 
floating  for  about  an  h)ur.  saw  Chief  I'jigineer  .Swain  on  another  piece  a  short  distance  away.  They  iiiaiiiipcd 
by  paddling  to  bring  their  rafts  together,  and  .Swain  got  o'-  that  of  Captain  Howes,  where  they  both  reniaimd  a 
yhort  time,  and  then  the  pilot-house  floated  by  with  three  men  on  it.  Swain  wished  to  go  to  it,  and,  altliotigli 
Howes  tried  to  persuade  him  to  .stay  where  he  was,  he  took  a  couple  of  planks  and  attempted  to  paddle  ;ii  its 
direction.  He  was  very  much  exhausted  and  discouraged,  and  after  starting  made  but  little  elTort  t(.  aacli 
his  destination.  Those  on  the  pilot-houso  .,aw  him  drift  by  fully  one  hundred  yards  away  and  shouted  ti'  him. 
but  he  did   not  answer  and   soon  disappeared   from  their  view  and  was  not  sighted  again.     The  tug  /  V.  ''■■'///, 


I.Asr  Hocks  ni   MKAMKK    'Alaskan."  ikom  a  I)ka\\'ing 


m 


Finest  Steamprs  in  the  Northwest  Appear  on  Puget  Sound  Waters 


371 


Cant.  Kdward  McCoy,"  witli  a  Howers  dredge  in  tow  from  San  Diego  for  Taconia,  encountered  the  same  storm 
wliuli  sent  the  Alaskan  to  the  l)ottoin,  and  was  not  very  far  from  her  when  she  went  down,  but  was  seriously 
iiu  mvenienced  by  her  heavy  tow,  which  she  dared  not  let  go,  as  it  had  five  men  on  board.  As  rapidly  as  possible 
she  moved  toward  the  scene  of  the  wreck,  an<l  Monday  evening  picked  up  the  three  men  on  the  pilot-house  and 
aiKither  from  a  life-raft,  which  also  bore  the  body  of  John  Welch,  a  coal-pa.sser.  The  next  morning  First  Officer 
Wood's  boat  was  sighted  from  the  masthead  of  the  Vigilant,  and  in  steering  for  it  Captain  Howes  was  picked  up 
afti  1  floating  for  thirty-three  hours  on  a  piece  of  deck  hardly  large  enough  to  carry  him.  He  had  been  compelled 
to  1  email!  on  his  hands  and  knees  for  twelve  hours  before  he  wiis  picked  up,  to  prevent  being  washed  overboard, 
ami  this  po.sition,  with  .seas  breaking  over  him  and  neither  food  nor  water,  had  left  him  almost  uncon.scious. 
(Jiiarteruiaster  Shielderup's  leg  had  lieen  caught  in  the  wheel  and  nearly  severed  l)efore  leaving  the  .ship,  and  he 
had  suffered  so  from  loss  of  blood  that  he  died  a  few  hours  after  he  was  rescued  by  the  /  'igilant.  His  remains 
and  those  of  John  Welch,  found  on  the  raft,  were  given  sea  burial  from  the  tug.  The  survivors  saved  by  the 
Vij^ilixnt  were  taken  to  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  and  there  transferred  to  the  steamship  Columbia,  which  took 
thtiii  to  Portland.  The  second  boat,  containing  V,.  A.  Carlson,  H.  Johnson,  J.  Murray  and  lulward  Karnes, 
seamen  ;  M,  Kelleher,  James  McKinley,  Kdward  Sharple.ss  and  G.  H.  Ross,  coal-passers  ;  M.  McLean,  oiler,  and 
Eniil  Wenzle,  cook,  came  ashore  at  Siuslaw,  but  nothing  was  ever  heard  of  the  other  members  of  the  crew. 
While  the  Alaskan  was  not  intended  for  an  ocean  steamer  she  was  supposed  to  be  a  stanch  ves.sel,  and  her 
navigating  officers,  Howes,  Wood  and  Weeks,  were  of  more  than  ordinary  skill  and  experience,  so  that  the  only 
cause  for  the  lamentable  disaster  was  the  fearful  storm,  against  which  no  human  skill  could  contend. 

The  tug  Fearless,  Capt.  James  Hill,  was  wrecked  on  North  Spit,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua  River, 
November  20th,  while  en  route  from  Astoria  to  Coos  Bay,  and  not  a  soul  was  left  to  give  the  details  of  her  fate. 
.\t  ;,:oo  l>.  M.  the  day  of  the  accident  she  was  seen  off  Upper  Ten  Mile,  steaming  slowly  down  the  coast  just 
outside  the  line  of  breakers,  which  were  running  very  high,  and  at  d-.cn  o'clock  her  whistle  was  heard  off  the 
mouth  of  the  Umpqua.  At  6:45  .she  gave  three  .sharp  blasts  in  rapid  succession,  and  nothing  more  was  seen  or 
heard  of  her  until  the  broken  pilot-house,  a  small  boat,  the  stern  and  one  side  of  the  hull,  and  numerous  other 
pieces  of  wreckage,  floated  up  the  Umpqua  River  on  the  incoming  tide.  The  Fearless  was  old  and  tender,  and  the 
supposition  is  that  she  .sprang  a  leak  and  was  attempting  to  enter  the  river  in  order  to  save  the  lives  of  those  on 
l)oard.  This  theory  is  sul)stantiated 
l)y  the  fact  that  she  was  off  the  mouth 
of  the  Umpqua  for  over  an  hour  before 
the  accident  happened,  and  the  cap- 
lain  had  no  other  reason  for  entering 
the  river  at  that  time,  while  he  was 
but  a  few  miles  from  his  destination. 
Captain  Hill,  who  was  in  charge,  had 
been  master  of  the  tug  at  intervals  for 
fifteen  years  and  was  thoroughly  con- 
versant with  the  dangers  attendant 
on  entering  the  Umpqua  when  the 
tide  was  ebbing.  His  action  can  only 
be  accounted  for  as  a  last  resort. 
With  him  on  the  tug  were  Walter 
Keating,  engineer;  Henry  Grove, 
fireman  ;  two  deckhands  ;  a  Chinese 
cook  ;  and  George  Marshall,  propri- 
etor uC  the  Kmpire  City  Cannery.  The  latter  was  found  on  the  beach,  with  a  life  preserver  on,  several  feet  from 
the  tide  line,  showing  that  he  had  reached  shore  alive  but  perished  from  exposure  before  he  was  discovered. 

The  pioneer  steanishi])  A /iron  came  to  an  untimely  end  in  the  harbor  at  I.oring,  Alaska,  August  asth.  She 
was  in  charge  of  D.  Wallace,  captain,  Robert  Hackley,  chief  engineer,  H.  H,  Lloyd,  jiilot,  and  was  on  the  down 
trip.  When  backing  out  from  the  wharf  at  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  she  started  to  swing  round  on  her  stern 
line,  which  was  made  fast  to  prevent  her  from  drifting  on  the  reef  An  excited  Chinaman  on  the  dock  cast 
iilTthis  line  before  the  steamer  brought  up  on  it,  and  the  strong  tide  set  her  over  on  the  rocks  before  she  could  be 
controlled.  She  drifted  broadside  on,  punching  a  hole  in  her  bottom,  and,  as  the  tide  receded,  the  great  weight  of 
her  largo  broke  her  back,  and  she  became  a  total  loss.  The  . I  neon  wan  an  early-day  coal  hulk  at  Panama  and 
wa.s  brouglit  to  San   Franci.sco  in    187,^  and    rebuilt    as    a   sidewheel    steamship.     She    was  two  hiitidred  and 


\VKl:t.K    (U     SrKAMSini'    ■■AN\.4>.V' 


I  I 


I  I 

'jr.! 


'Capt.  lidwaril  McCoy  was  lioni  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1854,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1874,  shippeil  on  llie  />.;>//;«(,' 
I'll;  and  niaile  fifteen  trips  tietweeu  San  l'"rancisco  and  tlie  Sound  witli  her  and  other  sailing  vessels  In  1.SS2  he  entered  the 
employ  of  Spreckels'  Towhoat  Company,  running  as  male  fi)r  three  years  and  then  connnantlin^,  first  the  .  /Av/  atiil  I'ii^t/it/tf.  and 
for  til'-  |)ast  six  years  the  A'e/iif,  witli  which  lie  has  accomplished  some  of  the  longest  dws  ever  made  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  taking 
the  U'wcrs  ilreilge  from  San  Diego  to  Taconia,  and  the  sehooner  Dm,)  llliilin  from  Ma/atlaii  to  San  prancisco.  a  distance  of  1,21x1 
Ulil^■^  iuil  1,400  miles  respectively.  lie  also  towed  the  schooner  /Viwcc/'  1,200  miles  from  Cape  St.  I.ucas  to  San  I'rancisco,  mak'  g 
tli»  r  i  ind  trip  of  2,  ic«i  miles  without  coaling  after  leaving  the  Hay  City. 


I 


'I 


i; 


372 


Lewis  cf  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


CAI'T.  \,.  K.  Anokkstein 


sixty-six  feet  long,  forty-nine  feet  beam,  and  seventeen   and   one-half  feet  hold.     The  Pacific  Coast  Steamship 

Company,  who  owned  her,  valued  her  at  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

Another  pioneer  steamship,  the  Idaho,  was  wrecked  on  Rosedale  Reef  near  Race  Rocks  lighthouse  in 

the  Straits  of  Fuca,  November  29th.     The  Idaho  left  Port  Townsend  early  in  the  morning  during  a  den.st-  fog. 

Before  reaching  Race  Rocks  lighthouse,  the  foghorn  was  lieard  at  regular  intervals,  but  after  that  was  silent 

for  a  lotsg  time.     When  it  was  again  heard  Captain  Angerstein  "  ordered 

a  full  stop,  but  the  command  came  too  late,  and  in  another  instant  the 

steamer  struck  the  rocks  amidship.     She  carried  as  cargo  800  barrels  of 

lime,  150  of  fish  oil,  ,^70  of  salmon,  65  bales  of  hops  and  200  tons  of  coal. 

She  commenced  leaking  as  soon  as  she  struck,  and  the  water,  coming  in 

contact  with  the  lime,  caused  a  fire,  which  drove  the  crew  from  their 

quarters  between  decks.     Holes  were  bored,  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of 

water  was  let  in  to  drown  the  flames.     The  weather  was  calm,  and  there 

was  but  little  swell,  but  the  Idaho  had  begun  to  feel  her  af;e  and  could 

not  be  released  from  the  rocks.    She  remained  there  until  December  20th, 

when  she  became  dislodged  and  floated  off",  and  while  adrift  was  picked 

up  by  the  tug  Alert,  which  proved  too  small  to  handle  her,  although  the 

captain  refused  a  liberal  offer  to  turn  her  over  to  the  steamship  I  'malilla. 

The  tug  Discovery  met  her  the  same  day,  but  the  machinery  had  appar- 
ently disappeared.     It  was  afterward  discovered  that  her  engines  had 

become  attached  to  the  heavy  chain  which  still  remained  fast  in  the  hull, 

and  this  drag  accounted  for  the  difficulty  in   towing  her.     After  the 

steamer  left  Race  Rocks  she  drifted  back  to  the  American  side,  and  was 

finally  picked  up  by  the  tug  Mogul  and  towed  into  Port  Angeles,  where 

she  sank.     At  the  time  of  the  disaster  the  Idaho  was  under  charter  to  the 

Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and  carried  a  crew  of  forty-two 

men,  with  L.  K  Angerstein,  captain ;  Cheney,  first  officer ;  Carr,  .second  officer ;  and  Cookson,  chief  engineer. 

No  blame  was  attached  to  Captain  Angerstein,  as  the  masters  of  several  vessels  in  the  vicinity  corroljorated  his 

testimony  that  the  fog  signal  was  not  sounded  (see  illustration  on  page  302). 

The  hull  of  the  steamer  Wide  West,  which  had  been  for  many  years  the  pride  of  the  Columbia,  was  fitted 

out  in  1889  with  a  small  engine  and  propeller  by   the  Puget  Sound   Steam  Lighter  &  Transportation  Company, 

and  while  on  her  way  to  her  new  field  of  labor  came  to  an  ignoble  end  on  Destruction  Island.     She  left  .Astoria 

December  25th,  without  the  knowledge  of  the  inspectors,  in  command  of  Frederick  Sparling,  a  vSeattle  youngster 

with  a  limited  knowledge  of  steam  navigation,  and  encountered  a  heavy  sea  and  wind  soon  after  crossing  tlie  liar. 

Her  huge  bulk,  which  gave  full  sweep  to  the  gale,   rendered  her  unmanageable.     A  squall  carried  away  the 

spanker  and  boom,  and  at  2:30  a.  m.  the  propeller  was  lost.     Slie  then  drifted  in  a  helpless  condition  until  4:00 

A.  M.,  when  she  struck  on  Destruction  Island,  the  seas  lifting  her  over  so  far  that  the  crew  reached  shore  with  but 

little  difficulty.  On  reaching  the  mainland  the  shipwrecked  crew  made  their  way  on  foot  over  the  mountains  to 
Pysht  River,  where  they  took  the  steamer  hlvaiificl  for  Port  Town  -end.  Captain  Sparling 
had  with  him  on  this  venture  R.  Golding,  chief  engineer  ;  William  Walter,  mate  ;  George 
Campbell,  Charles  Nortius,  Henry  Hansen,  Frank  Wilson,  William  W.  F;i.se  and  a  Chini.se 
cook.  He  was  also  accompanied  by  his  brother,  Dr.  G.  H.  Sparling.  The  first,  las',  and 
only  trip  of  the  Wide  West  after  being  refitted  was  the  beginning  and  end  of  Captain 
Sparling's  steamboat  experience  in  the  Northwest. 

The  /.  //.  l.ibby,  one  of  the  pioneer  steamers  of  Puget  Sound,  burned  to  the  water's 
edge  on  November  10th.  She  was  en  route  from  Roche  Harbor  to  Port  Townsend  witli  500 
barrels  of  lime  and  other  freight,  and  when  about  ten  miles  off  Whidby  Island,  lietween 
Smith's  and  San  Juan  i.slands  in  the  Straits  of  Fuca,  encountered  a  stiff  breeze,  anil, 
getting  caught  in  the  trough  of  the  .sea,  lost   her  rudder.     Capt.  Frank  White  tried  to  run 

her  ashore,  but  fire  was  soon  discovered  by  the  engineer  in  the  forward  port  hold,  where  lime  was  stored,  and 

the  passengers  were   forced  to  take  to  the  lifeboats  and  the  captain  and  crew  to  the  rafts.       At  the  lime  of 

the  disaster  there  were  seven  pas.sengers  aboard  and  an  equal  number  in  the  crew.     After  drifting  about  for  two 

hours  or  more  they  were  picked  up  by  the  steam  schooner  Jcaiiie,  Captain  Humphrey,  for  Nanaimo,  and  taken 

to  Port  Townsend,  where  the  Jeanie  also  towed  the  burned  hull  of  the  steamer.     The  /.  />'.  I.ibby  was  owned  hy 

H.   F.   Beecher,  who  had  bought  her  in  April,  1889,   for  $12,000.     In   i.Syo  the  wreck  was  sold  at  auction  to 


Capt.  David  H.  nn.i. 


"Capt.  I..  K.  .Angerstein  was  born  in  Cerniauy  in  1849  and  lias  liad  over  a  (iiiarter  of  a  century's  ex])crience  on  sUiiii  aiiil 
sailing  vessels  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  His  career  in  tlie  Nortliwust  coinnieuceil  in  tlie  employ  of  the  Oregon  .'^l,  Hiiiship 
Companv  under  Captain  Connor  on  the  George  U'.  /'/iter.  .Vfier  leaving  her  he  was  for  many  years  first  officer  on  the  sti  iinsliip 
Coliimhla  with  Captain  Holies,  anil  during  the  leniporary  iihsence  of  the  latter  was  given  coniiiiand  of  the  vessel.  When  tlu- '  ireK™ 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company  placed  the  Iditlio  on  the  Columbia  Kiver  and  I'uget  Sound  route,  Captain  Angerstein  «  1-  Ki>'f" 
charge  and  remained  with  her  until  her  final  trip.  He  next  took  coiuniaud  of  the  steamship  ll'i/miiiffton,  but,  not  liliinj;  tlic 
vessel,  resigned  after  making  a  few  trips  and  engiiged  In  other  pursuits  in  Portland. 


)ast  Sttainsliip 


Finest  Steamers  in  the  Northwest  Appear  on  Ptiget  Sound  Waters 


373 


Frt'l  R.  Strong  of  Portland,  but  no  attempt  was  ever  made  to  rebuild  her.  The  steamer  Dispatch,  constructed  at 
I'ori  Madison  by  Captain  Honibeck  in  1S76,  burned  to  the  water's  edKC  at  Seattle  at  2:00  a.  m.,  May  22A.  She 
twluiiKt'd  to  Captain  Morgan  of  Port  Townsend,  and  at  the  time  of  the  fire  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  David  Hill  and 
Knuiiiccr  Frank  Dye.  The  hull  was  afterward  sold  to  Iv  Iv.  Caine,  who  refitted  it  and  placed  the  craft  in  .service. 
Tlu'  .schooner  (ifiural  Harney,  after  numerous  wrecks  in  the  past  thirty  years,  in  1S89  encountered  one  which 
proved  fatal.  She  was  en  route  from  Dungeness  to  Whatcom,  in  command  of  Capt.  VV.  G.  Clarke  of  Seattle,  and, 
while  si)eeding  before  a  gale  in  the  darkness,  stranded  on  Goose  Island  in  the  San  Juan  pa.ssage  and  became  a 
total  loss.  The  American  bark  Lizzie  Williams^  Captain  Cushman,  was  wrecked  at  Tugidak  Island,  sixty-five 
miles  from  Karluk,  Alaska,  April  22d.  She  was  owned  l)y  the  Karluk  Packing  Conmany  and  had  a  cannery  outfit 
ami  .seventy-five  Chinamen  aboard.     The  latter  reached  shore  in  .safety,  and  a  |>ortion  of  the  cargo  was  recovered. 

The  British  ship  Port  Cordon,  from  An.lro.ssan  for  Taconia,  was  wrecked  near  Destruction  Island  during  a 
heavy  fog  at  ,^:o<)  A.  m.,  Feltruary  27th.  The  vessel  stranded  at  high  water,  and,  as  she  was  a  fine  new  ship,  did 
iiol  j;i)  to  pieces  for  some  time.  Two  of  the  crew  were  drowned  and  two  died  from  exposure.  Those  lost  were 
Matthew  Campliell,  V^alentine,  Lackey  and  Gas.sey.  The  American  bark  Emerald,  which  had  been  in  the  Puget 
Mill  service  for  eighteen  years,  burned  at  the  wharf  at  Port  Gamble  at  iioo  A.  M.,  May  26,  1889,  while  partly 
loaded  with  lumber.  The  lunerald  was  built  in  New  York  in  1855.  and  was  of  1,134  '""^  register.  Her  la.st 
master  was  Capt.  A.  Ford.  The  ship  Flying  Venus,  from  Port  Ludlow  with  a  cargo  of  lumber  for  Hobson's  Hay, 
.\iistralia,  was  wrecked  on  Perhyn  Island  in  November  and  became  a  total  loss.  The  crew  were  saved.  The  tug 
Ike.  Captain  Recil,  owned  by  Capt.  A.  P.  Spaulding,'"  burned  at  Seattle,  June  2d.  She  was  constructed  at 
Ha^le  Harbor  in  188,^  and  was  engaged  on  Lake  Washington  for  three  years.  The  steamer  Neptune  was  destroyed 
by  fire  while  in  the  drydock  for  repairs  at  Seattle,  June  6th.  The  steamer  North  /lav,  Capt.  John  Gill, 
burned  in  North  Bay.  Marcli  5,  1889.  The  steamer  Alliance  was  sunk  by  the  Danube  near  Postoffice  Bar  on  the 
Willamette,  April  25th.  The  disaster  was  caused  by  a  misunderstanding  of  signals  when  four  steamers  were 
bundled  at  that  point.     The  Alliance  was  afterward  hauled  out  and  repaired. 

A  disastrous  collision  occurred  on  the  Columbia  River  near  Kalama  at  i:t>o  a.  m.,  December  28th.  The 
steamship  Oregon,  in  charge  of  Capt.  George  Pea.se,  the  river  pilot,  struck  the  British  ship  Clan  Mackenzie,  lying 
at  anchor  in  the  channel.  The  ship 
was  on  her  way  up  the  river  in  tow 
of  the  Ocklaliama,  which  had  dropped 
her  a  short  time  l)efore  for  the  pur- 
pose of  wooding  up.  The  Oregon 
was  moving  at  pretty  good  speed 
and  was  heavily  laden.  She  struck 
the  Clan  MackenJe  between  the  stem 
and  the  cathead  on  the  port  bow, 
'cutting  her  down  to  the  keel  and 
sending  her  prow  into  the  ship  nearly 
thirty  feet.  It  was  reported  that  two 
of  the  ship's  crew  were  killed  by  the 
collision,  but  no  trace  of  their  bodies 
was  found,  and  their  shipmates  were 
of  the  opinion  that  they  took  advan- 
tage of  the  opportunity  and  deserted. 
The  Chin  Mackenzie  was  rai.sed  January  27,  1890,  by  T.  P.  H.  Whitelaw  of  San  Francisco  and  towed  to  Portland, 
where  .she  was  repaired,  loaded  grain  and  sailed  for  Liverpool,  June  2d. 

Among  the  deaths  in  1889  were  Capt.  ,S.  D.  Libby  at  .Seattle,  March  17th,  aged  sixty-two;  Robert 
Dnnsnniir,  the  Vancouver  Island  coal  king,  at  Victoria,  April  13th.  aged  sixty-four,  Isaac  Buchanan  at  Astoria, 
Jidy  29tli  ;  and  Capt.  C.  L.  Dingley,  who  was  interested  in  the  ship  Ericcson  and  other  coasters,  at  San 
Francisco,  November  5th,  aged  sixty. 

The  year  1890  brought  about  a  radical  change  in  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound,  and  fully  a  million  dollars' 
worth  of  steamers  were  added  to  the  fleet  on  the  inland  sea.      By  far  the  most  important  of  these  were  the 


Stkamkk  ■■  ORKVHOr.M>" 


"Capt.  A.  1'.  SpftuldiiiK.  manager  of  the  Seattle  Tuk  S-.  Ilarge  Company,  was  boiu  in  Maine  in  December,  1839,  and  liegan 
Iiis  marine  career  in  1865  ns  a  cabin  boy  on  the  seliooner  H.  M.Jenkins.  In  i.SsS  he  .sbipped  as  an  alile  seaman  on  llie  bark  I'eri 
ill  tlieWe.st  India  traile,  wliere  after  three  years  he  liecanie  mate  of  the  ship  St.  John,  sailing  Ui  Havre.  In  1861  he  entered  the  navy 
anil  was  connected  with  the  Kensington  of  the  Western  (inlf  Sipiadron,  the  ilispatch  lioat  I'ctocily,  and  tlie  llanship  Hailfimt, 
Rfnvniiig  from  tlie  service  in  1S63,  he  re-enlisted  with  the  land  forces,  serving  nndcr  Cieiierals  Terry.  Hntler  and  Grant.  In  1S64  he 
retiiiiiud  to  his  lionie,  and  shortly  afterward  made  a  voyage  to  Knropc.  after  which  he  went  as  mate  of  the  shi))  Hc>\ild  of  the 
.'/,'<  nini;  to  San  I'rancisco,  where  he  took  command  of  llie  schooner  Ocean  Wave,  le.signinn  after  several  trips  to  go  as  mate  of  the 
bark  Sioltiind.  He  left  llie  bark  on  I'liget  Sound  and  remained  at  I'ort  Orchard  until  1S68,  when  he  went  Kast,  and  in  iSfig  sailed 
for  Liverpool  as  master  of  the  brig  />'.  /•'.  Nasli.  He  followed  the  sea  for  another  decade,  when  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Oregon 
Iiii|,r,,venienl  Company  at  Seattle,  remaining  with  them  until  18.85,  when  he  purchased  the  steamer  lUc,  on  I.alie  W-ishington, 
rumniiK  her  there  until  1.S.S7,  when  he  took  her  around  to  Klliot  Hay.  The  lie.  was  burned  in  June,  lS8g,  but  the  machinery  was 
savi  I  and  placed  in  another  hull.  He  afterward  huill  the  steamers  Wasp  and  Hornet,  with  which  he  is  now  conducting  a  general 
tomii);  anil  jobbing  business. 


"pi 

n 

i 

ill 

1 1 

i: 

III 


I     i 


374 


Lewi$  4  Drydena  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


magnificent  steamers  City  of  h'iiigsloii  &nA  Cily  of  Sea///e,  placed  on  the  Sound  routes  by  the  I'uj;et  Souihl  iV 
Alaska  Steamship  Company.  The  I'l'/y  0/ Kingston  was  built  at  Wilmington,  l)cl.,  in  1884,  for  the  Hudson  Kmr 
trade.  Slie  was  bought  in  1881)  by  Capt.  D.  H.  Jackson,  and  her  performances  since  have  demonstrateil  ilie 
wisdom  of  the  purchaser,  for  a  more  economical  steamer,  size  and  .speed  considered,  has  not  yet  apjK'ared  on  ilic 
Sound.  The  AV«i,'a7i>m  is  two  hundred  and  forty-six  feet  long,  thirty-three  feet  five  inches  iK-am,  and  twclvi  l^i't 
hold,  net  tonnage  S16.  She  has  three  decks  and  is  elegantly  fitted  up  with  stateroom  accommodations  for  nver 
three  hundred  passengers.  !^he  was  brought  from  the  Kast  by  Melville  Nichols,'"  captain  ;  W.  A.  Cofliii,  first 
officer;  William  Andt.sjer,  .second  officer;  W.  J.  Green,  chief  engineer;  C.  H.  Wolford,  first  assistant ;  Harry  R. 

Dann,  .second  assistant ;  W.  C.  Hogan,  steward  ;  Nicholas  Van  INiiion 
and  James  Martin,  ([uartermasters.     Her  actual  running  time  lr():n 
New  York  to  Port  Town.send  was  sixty-one  days,  and  on  her  wa\  nut 
she  stopped  two  days  at  the  Harbadoes  and  four  at  Rio  Janeiro,  wliirc 
she  coaled.     She  came  through  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  and  on  riiuli- 
ing  Valparaiso  laid  up  for  a  week  for  repairs  to  her  machinery.     Hit 
fastest  day's  work  on  the  voyage  was  after  leaving  Valparaiso,  wlicii 
she  logged  ,^27  miles  in  twenty-four  hours.     The  h'ingslon  rcaclicnl 
Port  Townsend,  February  17th,  and  commenced  running  March  1  sili 
in  charge  of  George   Roberts,  captain,  G.  H.  Lent,  chief  engineer. 
Edward  Clements,'"  pilot,  John  Hrandow,  first  officer,  G.  H.  Tlwirii- 
dyke,''  purser,   nearly  all   of  whom   have   remained  in  contimioiis 
service  on  the  steamer  since  her  arrival.     Captain  Roberts  resigned 
early  in  1895,  and  was  succeeded   by  Captain    Clements,  with  Jolin 
Brandow.  pilot ;  James  liurns,  first  officer  ;  Patterson,  second  oflicer. 
The  A'iiigs/on' s  sister  ship,  the  Ci/y  0/  Scallle,  built  at  Philadul|)liia 
under  orders  from  D.  H.  Jack.son,  was  completed  in  May,  1890,  at  a 
cost  of  $225,001.     Capt.  Melville  Nichols,  who  had  made  such  a  suc- 
cessful voyage  with  the  k'ingstoii,  returned  l-last  and  brought  the  new 
steamer  to  Seattle.     With  him  were  Robert  Turner,  chief  engineer; 
Charles  K.  Ames,  first  officer ;   and  F.  A.  Woodman,  second  oflicer. 
Since  her  advent  on  the  coast  Captain  Nichols  and  Engineer  Turner 
have  been  in  charge,  except  at  intervals  when  she  has  been  handled 
by  Captains  Edward  Clements  and  George   Roberts.     The   Cily  0/ 
Seattle  is  two  hundred  and  forty-four  feet  six  inches  long,  forty  feet  beam,  and  fifteen  feet  hold,  net  tonnage  'ii:. 
The  Seattle  Steam  Navigation  &  Transportation  Company  was  incorporated  at  Seattle,  May  31.' "..  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $500,000,  by  John  Leary,  Jacob  Furth,  Edward  Newfleder,  W.  R.  Ballard  and  H.  G.  Struvc  and 
con.structed  the  finest  sternwheelcr  on  Puget  Sound,  the  Bailey  liatzeit,  launched  at  Salmon  Bay,  November  J-'d, 
from  the  shipyard  of  John  J.  Holland.     She  is  one  hundred  and  seventy-.seven  feet  three  inches  long,  thirty  two 
feet  three  inches  beam,  and  eight  feet  hold,  with  poppet-valve  engines  twenty-two  by  eighty-four  inches.    .She 
made  but  a  few  trips  under  her  original  management  and  early  in  1891  was  purchased  by  the  Columbia  River  iV 
Puget  Sound  Transportation  Companj',  who  operated  her  on  the  Seattle  and  Olympia  route.     She  remaineil  on 
the  Sound  until  1892  and  was  then  taken  to  the  Columbia  River,  where  she  engaged  in  the  excursion  trade  until 
1895,  when  she  was  extensively  overhauled  and  placed  on  the  Astoria  route.     Captains  Harry  Struve,  Carter, 
Jordison  and  others  handled   her  on   the  Sound,  and  Captains  Scott,   Frank   B.  Turner,   Thomas  Crang  .nul 
W.  E.  Larkins  were  her  masters  on  the  Columbia.     Another  remarkably  fast  sternwheelcr  appeared  on  the  inl.ind 


Cait.  Mmlvii.i.k  Nichols 


"Capt.  Melville  Nichols  wasbnrn  at  Searsport,  Me.,  in  1858,  and  began  his  seafaring  life  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  sailitii;  in 
the  deep-water  trade  to  all  parts  of  the  world  until  1S86,  when  he  went  to  I'uget  Sound.  His  first  work  there  was  on  the  slt'iimr 
Cily  of  (Jiiinn;  and  he  was  afterward  ni.ister  of  the  /('.  A'.  M'lriiii  and  other  vessels  operated  hv  the  Washington  Steanilioal 
Company.  When  Capt.  1).  IS.  Jackson  purchased  the  OVv  <)/  Kingston,  Captain  Nichols  was  selected  to  bring  her  from  the  llast. 
ami  was  so  successful  in  this  undertaking  that  he  was  chosen  to  bring  out  the  new  steamer  City  0/ St'itltli\  of  which  he  has  bi-fii  in 
command  since  her  arrival.  .\11  of  his  steamboating  in  the  Nortliwest  has  been  with  the  Washington  Steambo.-it  Company  anil  its 
successor,  the  I'uget  Sound  &  .\laska  Steamship  Company,  ami  he  has  never  had  an  accident  wliile  in  charge  of  their  steamer^. 

'"Capt.  lulward  Clements  was  born  in  Maine  in  1862  and  arrived  on  the  I'acific  Coast  in  1876  on  the  American  ship  A'iMi.'.h 
from  Itoston  by  way  of  Japan.  His  first  work  on  the  Sound  was  as  a  cabin  boy  on  the  Goiia/i  in  1877.  He  then  went  to  llif  uik 
Favortle  with  Capt.  William  Oove  and  afterwaril  to  the  lilakely,  where  he  ran  as  mate.  The  SI.  I'alrick  was  his  first  coninwinl. 
and  he  left  her  to  take  charge  of  the  iiotiah,  remaining  on  that  venerable  craft  but  a  short  time,  then  going  to  the  A'/,  and 
/'olilko/sky.  f)n  leaving  the  latter  steamer  he  joined  the  /.epiiyr,  going  from  her  to  the  tug  h'alie.  He  then  went  to  the  ,Sanil«ii'li 
Islamts,  where  he  remained  for  two  years.  On  his  return  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Tuget  Sound  &  Alaska  Steamship  Coini'.iny, 
remaining  with  them  and  their  successors  since  that  time.  He  has  been  master  of  their  steamers  Cily  o/Seallle,  Xorlli  I'aiili.  and 
Olympian,  was  also  with  Capt.  George  Roberts  as  pilot  on  the  Cily  of  Kingslon  for  about  four  years,  and,  when  Captain  Ki'lirls 
embarked  in  his  .Maska  enterprise,  Clements  succee<le<l  liini  in  charge.  .Mthough  still  young.  Captain  Clements  has  enjoyed  a  tirai 
deal  of  practical  experience,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  steamboatmen  on  the  Sound. 

-'  O.  H.  Thorndyke,  while  .still  young,  has  enjoyed  more  years  of  continuous  service  on  I'uget  Sound  than  any  purser 
running  on  that  body  of  water.  He  inherite<l  a  love  for  the  water,  his  father  having  been  for  many  years  master  of  sailing  vi 
and  his  uncle  was  the  owner  of  the  well  known  ship  .llice  Thorndyke,  which  made  several  trips  between  I'uget  Souuil  anil  .\n  ' 
in  the  early  sixties.  His  lirst  steamboat  experience  on  the  Sound  was  on  the  ste:imer  /.ephyr,  which  has  furnished  sdi"' 
for  a  large  number  of  I'uget  Sound  steamboatmen.  He  was  afterward  in  the  employ  of  tlic  Washington  Steamboat  Com; 
subse(|uently  goin^  to  the  I'uget  Sound  &  Alaska  Steamship  Company,  in  whose  service  he  has  remained  for  the  past  five  ;. 
most  of  the  time  on  the  steamer  City  of  Kingston. 


-fls, 
ilia 


Finest  Steamers  in  the  Northwest  Appear  on  Paget  Sound  Waters 


J  73 


St  i  liefore  the  lialjtrl  was  completed.  The  newcomer,  npproprintely  iiamc<l  tht-  drnhoiiHd,  wan  hiiill  ot  I'ortlaiid 
1)\  Capt.  Claud  Troup  and  taken  round  to  the  Sonnil  iti  Septenil)er  liy  C'a|itain  I,ewis.  Tlie  Girvliouiul  is 
OIK  hundred  and  tliirty-nine  feet  three  indies  U)iik.  hut  eighteen  feet  five  inelies  heain,  and  six  feel  four  inches 
lioM,  with  engines  fourteen  and  one-half  hy  seventy-two  inches.  She  was  hiiilt  aliiuist  exclusively  for  the 
|),i.seii>;er  traflic  and  showed  reniarkalile  speed.  On  reachiiij^  her  deslinalion  she  indulged  in  sonic  lively  races, 
luititiK  all  the  crack  lioats  on  the  Taconia  and  Seattle  route.  She  was  sold  hy  Troup  in  Novenil)er.  iHyi,  to  the 
Si  ittle  iS:  Taconia  Navigation  Conipany,  of  which  he  was  president,  and  has  since  lieeii  operated  on  the  Ivverett 
aii'l  Seattle  route,  making  three  round  trips  a  day.  Captain  Troup  has  lianilled  the  lioat  himself  most  of  the  time, 
anil  she  has  al.so  heen  run  hy  Captains  Parker.  Harrington  and  others.  Charles  Burt  has  been  chief  engineer  for 
tlif  past  few  years. 

The  steamer  (iarlaiiil,  launched  at  I'ort  Townsend  for  Hastings  iS:  Horn,  was  a  well  huilt  iiropeller 
seventy-seven  feet  seven  inches  long,  seventeen  feet  six  inches  heam,  and  six  feet  seven  inches  hold,  and  was 
originally  intended  for  towing  and  freighting.  She  has  recently  lieen  lengthened  thirty  feet,  fitted  up  with 
liaiidsonie  passenger  accommodations,  and  has  run  on  the  \'ictoiia  route.  Capt.  Charles  Kraft  Iniilt  the  fine 
tvvni  screw  jiropeller  A/tity  Kraft  for  the  F.ake  Washington  tralVic.  The  steamer  cost  #i,vi««i,  hut,  after  a  successful 
career  of  a  year,  hurned  to  the  water's  edge  in  September,  i,Si)i.  The  steamer  Cily  ol  l.aloiiii,  length  sixty  feet, 
beam  twelve  feet,  was  built  for  the  Lake  ITiiion  trade.  She  is  at  present  owned  by  M.  Iv  Knnkler.  .\notlier 
addition  to  the  lake  lleet  was  the  ( '.  C.  Calkins,  a  handsome  propeller  seventy-eight  feet  f<Hir  inches  long,  sixteen 
feet  three  inches  beam,  and  five  feet  five  inches  hold.  The  Calkiin  was  one  of  the  best  steamers  built  on  the  lake 
Iml  has  never  been  steadily  employed.  She  was  built  at  Houghton,  as  also  was  the  steamer  Katlurini-.  length 
forty-four  feet  three  inches,  beam  eleven  feet  two  inches,  and  depth  of  hold  three  leet  .sewn  inches.  The  latter 
vessel  at  present  belongs  to  J.  C.  O'Connor.  The  Ihick  lluiitfi  was  completed  at  I'tsalady  in  i8,S4  and  taken  to 
the  lake,  where  she  is  at  present  owned  by  W.  J.  Costell.  She  is  thirty-four  feet  long,  nine  feet  eight  inches 
beam,  and  two  feet  nine  inches  hold.     The  Laloiia  was  built  by  Capt.  \V.  H.  Cloiigh. 

Ivagle  Harbor  was  (piite  prominent  as  a  steamboat  building  center  in  1.S91).     The  tug  //'(m/>  was  launched 
tliere  in  I''ebruary  and  the  Hornet  in  June  for  Capt.  A.  I'.  .Spaulding  of  .Seattle.     The  former  was  fifty  feel  nine 
iiiciies  long,  I'ourteen  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  two  inches  hold,  while 
tlie  Hornet  was  thirty-six  feet  six  inches  long,  twelve  feet  two  inches 
Ijeani,  and  four  feet  three  inches  hold.     The  A'eseiie,  /•,'(/i,' /<•  and  .-///« 
were  also  constructed  at  that  jwint.     The  latter  is  thirty-.seven   feet 
long,  ten  feet  five  inches  beam,  and  three  ft^et  nine  inches  hold,  and  is 
still  running  l)etween  Seattle  and   ICagle  Harbor,  commanded  by  her 
owner,  J.  \V.  Russell.     The  /.  A'.  MePonald,  a  large  steam  freighter, 
was  set  afloat  at  Lake's  yard  on  Salmon    Hay,   March    i.Uh.   for  the 
I'emiington  Navigation  Company.     Capt.  George  VV.  McGregor  '   was 
first  in  command,  and  the  steamer  proved  a  profitable  vessel  of  her 
class.     She  burned   at    Prevost    Island    in    i.Sij^,   and   was   afterward 
rebuilt  and   put  under  the  Hritish  flag  at  N'ictoria.     Other  steamers 
constructed  at  .Seattle  were  the  Ahc  /'erkiiis,  a  thirty-two-foot  propeller, 
owned  by  R.  VV.  Riddle,  the  /iiirkeve,  length  sixty  feet,  beam  fourteen 
feet  .seven   inches,  and  depth  of  hold  six    feet   nine  inches,  and  the 
ChalleHfiC.     The   sternwheeler    Ainiie   .)/.    /'eiiee.  length    eighty-nine 
feet,  beam  eighteen  feet  eight  inches,  depth  of  hold  six  feet  one  inch, 
was  completed  at  Lunimi  and  has  since  been  engaged  on  a  number  of 
Sound  routes,  most  of  the  time  in  coiumaiul  of  Capt.  I'eler  Falk,'  one 
of  her  owners.     She  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  June,  iSy.s.     The  steamer 
0((/\/(>it,  length  seventy   feet,  beam  fifteen   feet  si::  inches,  depth  of 
hold  six  feet  four  inches,  was  built  at  Hallard,  and  is  at  pre.sent  owned 
l)\  !•'.  O.  Woodward.     The  steamers  A'ettie  It.  and  ( 'ilia  were  launched 
at    I'ort   Town.send,   the    Antelope   at   Oak    Harbor,  the   Amanda   at 
\'asho!i  Island,  che  Nellie  .UeCrearv  at  Union  City,  the  Doetor  at  Olynipia,  the  liditli  li.  at  .Seattle,  the  Lizzie  A. 
at  lleuderson    Hay,  and   the   steam    launches    k'lanaek.   Papoose.  La  Palonia,  Swan,  Jeavnetle  and   .It/iiilla  were 
brought  in  from  outside  districts.     The  latter  was  built   for  W.  H.  Hearst  of  .San  Francisco  and  in  her  time  was 
one  of  the  fastest  afloat.     The  Snoqualmie,  the  first  and  only  fireboat  in  the  Northwest,  was  launched  at  Seattle. 
She  is  seventy-nine  feet  seven  inches  long,  twenty-two  feet  nine  inches  beam,  and  nine  feet  three  inches  hold,  is 
built  on  fine  lines  with  considerable  power,  and  etpiipped  with  immense  pumps,  which  on  more  than  one  occasion 


C.VI'I      I'lliWAKli  Ci.t:Mi:NTs 


■'Capt.  Cieorge  W.  McOrej,'i)r  of  SeiiUlu,  Wasli.,  owner  of  the  sleniner  IJIofiia.  was  Ijorii  in  Caiiaila  in  I.S,J7,  came  to  the 
SiMuiil  in  18S9,  and  was  first  eiiKaHei!  on  llie  steamer  /.  A'.  McDonald,  replacing  liur  with  the  ('lo/>iit. 

"Capt.  Tettr  I'alk  was  liorii  in  .Sweileii  in  iS^S  anil  wlien  a  l).\v  liCKan  sailing;  in  llic  deep  water  trade.  In  1S84  lie  arrived  on 
I'u^it  Sound,  where  lie  was  first  enfjaKed  on  the  II'.  A'.  J/c; .-. /«  as  a  deckliand.  lie  was  afterward  mute  on  tlie  steamers  (VVr  i^ 
Qiinity,  Washifi^tott  ami  Henry  Htiiley,  was  then  master  and  part  owner  of  tile  steamer  Fanny  Lake,  and  suhscipiently  of  the 
Hi  louer  Annie  M.  I'ence,  which  he  coiuiiiaudud  until  she  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1895. 


1 

t 


376 


Lemiia  <J  Drydvna  Murine  Hisfory  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwvtt 


M  \  I  u  »-   l-iKHimr    ■  SNtMjl  \i  MIJ 


liiivi-  (loinoiistr.iliil  lu'i  viiUiiv    Till-  -ttfuiiier  \\s\*  iKt-n  in  nolive  >ii'rvioi'  siiiif  (•oiiiplctioii.  most  of  tin-  timi-  in  dinj;, 

olj.  \V    MiAllip  mill  RaV  CoiiiioT,  '  witli  II.  II.  Kent,    iiiniiutT,  iiiul  I).  T.  M.ivi-.  '  pilot.     Tlii' tuj;  \\\i>i,lri,i  w,\> 

si't  iillo.it  at  Port  Ulakilv  in  iS.)o,  is  one  Inimlrcil  iuul  twi-ntv  rinlit  li'i-t  liKlil  iiiilus  loiin,  twi-iity  tlirct-  fict  iii;lit 

inclii's  liiMin,  .iiul  clcvi'ii  I'lvt  seven  iiK-lics  Imlil,  and  is  onr  ol'  tltc  ln'st  towlioats  on  the  Soiiml.     Slii-  is  at  jiiim  ni 

ooniniamlnl  liy  \V    Iv    Uailoy,  with  V..  \V.  PiivkhotT,  cnniniir 

Olianni's   in    ownersliip   of   Soiiml    steamers    in     i.s,,,.   were    tlie    .hii;i/,<.    pnrehaseii    liy    tlie    llaslni>;s 

'I'r  insportation  Company,  tlie  /•;»/;•//,;.•,•<;  !»    the   I'aeilic  Navigation  ^.'onipany,  the  A'<///i   liy  CamplK-ll  Hti)llier>, 

the  /'/iii>i/i<»i  liy  the  Stinison  Mill  Company, 

ami   the    />is/>ii/,/i    liy   Meyer    iS:    lle!is|K-ter.  .-■— ■    - 

The  steam  soow  A/iirgie  arrived  from  Tort- 

land  in  An^nst  for  Mall  iV  Myriek,  and  the 

/'.   /.  /\>tli>  was  hroiiKht  from  the  Colnniliia 

in    Septemlier.    in    ehar>;e    of    Capt,    Anhie 

I'ease,  Iv  J   Moody  and  ICngineer  Tom  Smith. 

The  iNistal   reports   for    iSijo  show  that   the 

State  of  Washington  had  over  nine  hundred 

miles  of  water  mail  routes,  (m  which  steamers 

traversed    three    hundred    thonsand    miles   a 

\ear,   a    striking   i-haii);e    troin    thirty    years 

liefore,   when   "  llnmlHildt   Jack"    Cos>;rove 

and  his  sloo)!  and    the   old  /■//  ij  .l)i,iiiM<ii 

were  the  only  mail   carriers  in  that  portion 

of   the    Northwest.      The  steamers   Chilui/is. 

length   seve'itylhree    feet    six    inches,   lieam 

sixteen     leet,  depth     of    hold    six    feet,   and 

h'.lma.  were  Imill  at  Cosmopolis.  (Iray's  Harbor,  in    iSijo,  and   a  small  steam  launch,  the  Romp,  at   lloi|ii;.uii. 
The  Hnrrards   Inlet  Towiiij;   Company,   which    was   originally   composed  Ki'i  Allied    N.  C.  Kinj;.  lliii;li 

Stalker.  John    Morton    and    Donald    Mcl'haiden. '"  in    iSijn  liecame    the    I'nioii    Steamship    Company  ol    limisli 

Coliimhia.     Their  lleet  at  this  time  coiisisteil  of  the  steamers   /.tv>ii>iii.   .S'iHii/i<>   and   Siii/it;,i/i\   to  which  tlu-\ 

.idded  the  passeii>;er  steamers  (  ;(/i/;  and   l\>iiii'\    and  the  tVeinhteis  (  .'///(///iiw  and  ( '((/i/Ai//,'.      The  /.tii^c'/ii  was  a 

wooden  proiK'ller  fifty  seven  feet  loiij;,  nine  feet  heam,  and   live  I'eel   three  inches  hold,  with  liinh  pressure  doiilile 

engines  .seven  and  one  half  liy  ei){hl  inches.     She  was  constructed  at  Victoria  in  1,^7(1  hy  J.  Spiatt.     The  Siii,i/r> 

was  completed  at   Moody ville  in   i,S,Si   and  is  liftyone    feet    five    inches  lon>;.   twelve  feet  Ueam,  and  four  lirl 

hold,  with  doulile  en^;ines  seven  and  one-(|narter  liy  ei^ht  inches.     She   is   used   as  a   passenger   ferry   iKtwiiii 

\'ancouver  and  Moodyville.  The  tiij;  Sii\/,i;ii/i-.  seventy  six  feet  loiin. 
twelve  feet  lieani,  and  five  and  one-half  feet  hold,  was  launched  in  iS;,) 
and  in  i,Sgj  was  eipiipped  with  new  cotupouiul  engines  eleven  ,iii(l 
twenty-two  liy  fourleei;  inches.  The  (  nU/i.  the  first  addition  to  llie 
company's  lleet,  was  liuilt  at  Hull  in  i,s,S4.  She  is  a  schoonerrii^mvl 
Jiropeller  of  ,5.'4  tons  gross  register,  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  lung, 
twenty-three  feet  two  inches  lieam,  ami  eleven  feet  seven  inches  holil,  .iiui 
is  liceiiseil  to  carry  150  passengers.  She  is  eipiipped  with  coiU|ioiiiul 
engines  twenty-five  and  forty  eight  liy  thirty  inches,  ami  has  a  noniiii;il 
sjiced  of  twelve  miles  per  hour  on  a  coal  consumption  of  twelve  tons  in 

•'Ciipt.  R.  C.  Cninuir  is  ,-i  n;itivi'  of  S\r,u-usr,  N,  \'.,  aiul  his  lirst  iiiaiitu'  f\iu' 
rifiice  WHS  <iii  llie  I'uili'tl  ,'sl.iles  itiati  iit-wai  /'i<t'Hi/i'ii>xti.  with  whii-h  he  irni.muii 
I'nim  iSh2  lo  |S(\S  .\t  tlu*  t'h>!»f  of  tlu-  war  he  \v,is  cii^a^fil  in  China  ami  lapai;  u.ttti-- 
for  IwiOve  years,  lUirin^  Iwii  of  whieh  he  serveil  as  pihii  cm  the  Van^  Ise  River.  WliiU 
ill  Ihe  .\sialic  Iraile  he  was  pilot  of  Ihe  I'eninsnlar  ,"v  (Irienial  steamer  lloiiih^n  hIum 
she  was  in  eollisictn  in  the  (iull  of  Vethlo  with  the  I'nileil  Slates  sloojvofwar  i  '':/■  ..v, 
linriiig  wliieh  one  hmitlrcil  am!  twelve  lives  were  hist.  lit-  was  also  wreeketi  on  i!u- 
Hiitish  steamer  /\i:i  n  in  the  China  Sea  in  iS7,i,  ami  nariowl>  eseapetl  losing  Ins  hie 
al  the  haiiils  of  pirates  (.'a]<taiii  Connor's  lirst  wmk  in  the  Northwest  was  on  ilic 
steamships  I'mtitilla  Hinl  )\tiiuiti,i,  ami  he  was  siihse(|nently  einj>loyeil  on  the  (,,'..'.;//. 
.V,  /..  Mi\fiit,  Hiiil  a  numlier  of  other  well  known  .Souml  sieainers.  I'or  the  past  u» 
years  he  has  eotninamled  the  lirehoat  .S>/('<///,i/i;//V  at  Seattle, 
C.viT.  K.  c   CiiNNon  »|l    II,  Kent,  enni'ieer,  was  horn  in   Huston  in   iSs2  and  l>enaii  sUnmhoaliiij; 

ill  the  Norlliwesl  on  the  /.irr/v  in  the  Cieoilelie  service  in  i.S;)      Alter  leaving  h>  i  la- 
ran  on  a  iitiuilicr  of  oilier  steamers  on  I'n^et  Souml,  ami  has  reeeiillv  heeii  ehief  engineer  on  the  ,Seattle  lirehoat  Siuh/iiiihnu- 

-'"Capt.  II.  T.  Davis  is  a  native  of  ('ireat  Hrilain  ami  has  heeii  sleanihoatiiif^  sinee  1S77  on  I'li^et  Simml.  where  his  llist  su  ina-r 
wa.s  the  luiiiiiir  l.iikc.  lie  w.is  Hlterwanl  pilot  on  the  steamer  (  lii  halis  ami  was  ennaneil  as  mate,  pilot  ami  m.ister  for  several  >■  ii-- 
ill  the  service  of  the  C>re).;on  Railwav  vS:  Navij^alioii  Coinpativ.  lie  has  recently  Iteeti  connecteil  with  the  lirehoat  SfiiUjiuti".:  .it 
Seattle. 

'■Capt.  nonahi  Mcl'liaiclen  of  Vancouver,  H.  C,  was  iKirn  in  Scotlaiul  in  1S27  ami  has  had  forty  \ears  of  exiierienct  i-- a 
mariner,  twenty-live  of  which  were  spent  sailing  out  of  Melliourne.  lie  reacheil  the  I'acilii-  Coast  in  1.S.S.1  and  soon  alterwaul  wis 
interested  in  the  steamers  Siiuitoi ,  /.fotiota  and  SkuttXiiit\  snhse(|neiitly  jniiiin^  forces  willi  the  t'nioii  .Steamship  Compati) . 


Finrst  iiteuiiii.'rs  in  thu  fi/orthwvst  /ffifwnr  on  Puyrt  Siwml  Watvrs 


377 


mciii  ill. 1 1  m 

Wlllilflil  ^\.|^ 
■I'f  iVvt  iil;1iI 
is  at  iMi'-itit 

III'  Ilasliii^;^ 
nil  llidUiirs, 


ilt    Il(ii|ui:llll 

Kiii>;.  IIii,i;li 

iiy  1)1    Itritisli 

1  which  Ihev 

'.lOiioi It  was  a 

cssmv  ilmilik' 

The  S(iiii.\'> 

ami  I'uiir  liil 

I'lrv   IkIwiiii 

X   U-cl   liiiin, 

lull  in   is;<) 

cliviii   anil 

ition  til  the 

ooiK'rrinmil 

ly  lirt   \nu^. 

lidUI.  .inii 

h   i'i)ni|Mminl 

s  a   luiiiiir.al 

wclvc  ti)n>  Ml 


»l  niaritii'  >\i«' 
■ll  lie  trln.tnu'l 
il  lalial;  »..Ui- 
RiviT.  Willi.- 
/li^tiihttv  wtit'ti 
111'  war  I  ''.',■  /il. 
,ii-i'ki'il  nil  llic 
Icisinn  lii>  lili- 
•St  was  on  tlu- 

nil  till-  (,,',.•,/*. 

or  till'  past  liw 

II  stiaiiitinaiiiii; 
Ifaviiif.  liii  lif 

his  first  sli.nmT 

[ir  sevi'ral  >  i  in* 

Sniiijiiaiii,:    .it 

i'x|ierii'iici  »■-  a 
I  altiTwaii!  vv.is 
iiiiliaiiy. 


IlKNItN     I)  \H1  IM. 


t\M'iity-f()ur  liotirs.     Slu'  wiis  Imiiglit  from  i'lu.illihiii  Jooinnlihoy,  ailininistnitni  ol  iiti  i-stati-  in  llnniliay,  whcni-i' 

C'lpt,  W'illiatn  Wi'listiT  htoiiKJit  Ikt  liy  way  nl'  the  Inilian  (U-ian  to  Sinnaiioiv.  ihi'nri'  lu-mss   tho  China   Sea   tn 

J.i|i.in.  .mil  limn   tlu'ie  tn  \  nnmnvi'i,  whi'te  she  has  sinee  been  en^a^eil  nn  the  mnte  hetween  the  terminal  eity 

nii'l  Nanaimo.    Ca|itain  Welister  was  lirst  manager  nl  the  i-iim|iany  ami  was  sneeeeileil  hy  W    I-'.  To|)|iin){  anil  lie 

ill  liirn  liy  Henry  DarliiiK,  '  who  at  (nesent  is  in  ehar^e  of  its  afl'airs. 

Till'  three  other  Hteailiers  of  the  loinpany  were  hrotiKht  from  (llasjjow 

ill  sections  anil  |)iit  together  at  \'ani'o\iver  liy  Darling. 

N'ictoria's   steam    lleet    receiveil   several   im]iortant   aililitions, 

iiihiiiK  them  the  ,I/)m7(»;i  .  constnicteil  for  Harle  iSt  Siunier  at  a  cost 

III  iweiity  tholisaml  ilollars.     The  steamer  is  still  in  existence  ami 

has    recently   lK.i'n    commamleil    hy   Oajit.   William    Iteynon.     The 

iliiilliiin,  Ca|itain   Ilarniilt.  was  lanncheil  May  .Sth  lor  CnnninKhain 

\  Son.  '  the  Skeena  Kiver  cannerymen.     She  was  a  hamlsomc   little 

|ii.i|ii'ller  eiHhty  five  feet   loiin.  sixteen   firt  heam,  ami  einhl  feet  six 

Mil  Iks  liolil.     The  piopeller   /'liislli    niaile   her   trial   trip  Septemher 

j.sth  in  char^'e  of  Captain  Mansoti,  is  still  in  active  hcrvice,  ami  has 

nnntly  lieeii    haniUcd    liy  Capt.   Wallace  I.aiiKley  "  in  the  halilmt 

lisliiiij;    traile.      The   propeller    S/iiHt/iiit/   was    Imilt   at    \ictori.i    lor 

Hiiuial  joliliiin;,    afteiwanl    passeil    into   the    li.imis    of    Cap!     John 

Iniiij;  ami   k.   I'.    Uithet,  ami   foitmlereil  oil  Ciipc  Miiilj;e  in    i.Sijv 

Till   tun  /••''"''■.  length  eighty  feet,  licatn  sixteen  feet,  ami  depth  of 

liiilil    seven    feet    six    inches,  wa.s   set    atloat    at    Vancouver.      The 

sie.imcrs  I'ltiiivir.rr  iwu]  the  wrecker  .lA/.((ii//<- ajipeareil  in  iSiju.      The 

sUriiwheeler  />'i"/   .lio'id.  einhly   feet   lonj;,  foiirteeii   feet    lieain.  anil 

iuiir  feel  six   inches  liolil,   was  completcil    for   the   iMaser  liy    I  >.   ('■. 

Miinn  iV  Co.     The  l\>ili,l,ui.  a  small  steamer,  was  liuilt  on  Okanaf-an 

I,.ike.   .VuKiist  .V'tli,  anil  cotnmamled  liy  Capt.  T.    I>.  Short.      The 

steamer  i'l'Hs/ano',  seventy-six  feet  lonj;.  thirteen  feet  heam,  and  six 

feet  hold,  was  lannched  Jaiinary  7th  liy  K.  Colviii  for  ICwen  iS:  Co.  of  New  Weslminsler  and  was  commanded  liy 

Capliin  Odin.      The  attractions  ol  Shawninan  Lake  as  a  slimmer  resort  were  enhanced   in    i.Siju  liy  the  advent  of 

•lie  steam  launch   /■.'>i/ii/>rt'sr.     The  lii);  tun  ■Ui\,tii,/i>,  constructed  on  the  vSkceiia  in  1.S711.  was  this  year  sold  to 

T   I'.  11.  Whitelaw  of  San   I'"raiuiscii.  who   converted    her    into   a   whaler.     The   Canadian    I'acilic    Navigation 

Company  aci|iiired  the  steamers  .Inii/iii  and  Niiiiibow,  relics  of  their  latest  opposition.     The  Ollri,  after  nearly 

flirty  years  of  ti.sefuliie.ss,  was  liurned  at   X'ictoria  in  June  to  ohtain  her  copper,  and  the  ll'i/.wii  (i.  Iluut  was 

Uroken  up  almut  the  same  time  liy 
Cohen  iS;  Co.  of  .San  l''iaiicisco,  who 


'lli'iiii  liarliii^  ill'  N'ancniii  ri . 
H.  C,  itiaiia>;i'r  nt*  tin*  liiinii  Sli-aiiisliip 
(.'iiiiipaiiv.  WIIS  Imrii  in  Ni'W  /imIihuI  in 
iSd;.  Ill-  st-rM'tl  an  aiiini'iiliii'slii|t  al  llii' 
Hiirk^  ol  |.  ,\  II.  I'lWylllli's.  I.olliloll.  lillj; 
land,  lor  tivi-  ami  oiie-liail"  \i'ais.  allrr 
wliirli  he  entiMi'il  tin*  si-rviri'  ol  llir  llrilisli 
Imlia  SliMiii  Niu  ij.;ation  Conipany,  willi 
whom  111"  riMiiaini'il  Tor  six  mmis.  working 
lip  to  till-  jxisitioii  III  si'i'oiiil  t'liKini'i'r.  Mi* 
thi'ii  joiiifil  till'  Hritish  lliiinit-si-  .'sii-aniship 
Coiiiiiany  tor  a  \rar  in  the  same  rapai-it\, 
Inning  llial  eiiiplox  lor  a  position  as  iissis 
taut  siiperinteiiilt'iii  o'  the  riiion  .Sieani 
ship  Company  ol  New  /i-alainl.  of  which 
his  lallier,  John  Iiarliii|^.  was  ilireetor  ami 
general  sii  per  i  nteliilent .  I'iarly  in  iStii 
Henry  Iiarliny  lieeaine  eoiineeteil  with  the 
I'llioll  Sti-amsliip  Collipiili>  .  ol  wllii-h  lie  is 
now  seereliir\  anil  treasurer.  Mr  |ijirl'n>; 
is  well  litteil  I'roni  his  praeiual  experieiue 
lor  tile  position  in  wliieli  he  is  eii^ia^eil. 
'Hie  or^ani/iilion  ol'  the  eonipany  was  a 
leiulin^  factor  lemliii^  lowaril  tlii'  proj^ress 

S'.iiieoiiver.  anil  the  varions  routes  Iraverseil  liy  their  steamers  have  ilevelopeil  remarkalily  in  the  last  few  years. 

■'k.  (1.  Cunningham  ot'  Port  Mssiii>;toii.  11.  C,  was  Iiorn  on  the  Naas  Kivir,  It.  C.  in  1.S6.S,  ami  for  the  past  twi-lve  >*ears  has 

II  assoeiateil  with  his  father  in  marine  ami  eannery  enterprises.     In  iSS\  they  hnilt  the  sehooner  Skt'tiui  lor  trailing'  purposes,  in 
■s  ]mri'linseil  the  steamer  Mut  r  I  for  work  in  eonnei'tioii  with  their  i-annery  interests,  ainl  in  1.S90  eonslriieleil  the  ( 'hirftiitv,  one 

ilie   neatest     little   steamers    in    Itritisli    Colninhii    waters.       Her   ealiiii    ami     upper   works    weie   ilesinneil     liy    the    yonn^jer 

.  Ciiiiiiiii^hain,   who,  while  lie  has  never  applieil   for  a  lieense.  has  a  thoroiij^lily  praetieal    knowleilj^i-  of  the  operation   of  a 

imlKiat,  ami  has  hail  eliai>;e  of  tliis  hraneh  of  the  lirni's  hnsiiiess  siine  iSSi. 


51_SE, 


-!-■■     'J.' 


SrK.lMKK 


'"Capt.  Wallace  l.anuley  was  liorii  in  Nova  ."^cotia  in  i.SWi  ami  lias  liecn  encnued  in  tlie  marine  hnslness  for  sixteen  years. 
■  first  work  in  Hritish  Cohimliia  was  on  the  steamer  /^iiisy  in  i.S.SS.  anil  he  was  siihseiinently  in  the  employ  of  the  Canaiiian  Pacitie 
i\iKation  CoinjiHiiy  as  mate  ami  liilot  on  their  steamers  anil  as  master  of  t'  v  Tnins/i'r.  He  has  recently  lieen  in  cliarge  of  tlie 
liner  I'liisllc  in  the  lisliiiiH  Imsiness. 


ii 


1  j  t 

I  I    i 

1  I 


37^ 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


\m 


n^m; 


k.    O,    Cl'NNlNltllAM 


had  bought  her  to  secure  her  iron.     The  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company's  magnificent  steamer  /ilan.i,, 

made  a  few  trips  on  the  Alaska  route  in  charge  of  Captain  Irving.     She  was  especially  adapted  for  this  trade  ami 

would  no  doubt  have  proved  profitable  had  not  the  American  customs  law  compelled  her  to  withdraw  from  tlie 

field.     The  steamer  Whs  was  chartered  by  Capt.  James  I<.  Anderson"  and  placed  in  the  halibut  fishing  trails, 

where  she  was  highly  successful. 

A  quarter  of  a  century  had  i  i.ip.sed  since  Capt.  I.tiiiiaid 
White  had  opened  navigation  on  the  upper  Columbia  with  tlie 
Forty-nine,  and  this  magnificent  stretch  of  water  had  been  negkcttil 
for  many  years,  when  in  1S90  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  vSUani 
Navigation  Company  was  organized,  with  a  capital  stock  of  i.iie 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  with  headquarters  at  Revelstoke.  'Die 
incorporators  were  Hon.  J.  A.  Mara,  Commodore  John  Irving,  Robert 
.Sanderson,  F.  S.  Barnard,  J.  Fred  Hume  and  William  Cowen.  Tlieir 
announced  intention  was  to  operate  passenger,  freight  and  towing 
steamers  on  the  Columbia  and  on  Kootenai  River  and  Lake.  Their 
first  steamer  was  the  f.yllon,  and  the>-  afterward  secured  the  h'oolniai 
and  S/>oA-<ini\  which  they  placed  under  the  Urili.sh  flag,  and  then  Imilt 
the  jYt/son  and  Columbia,  all  fine  sternwheelers.  The  ColiiniOia. 
Lyilon  and  Kootenai,  and  the  freighter  Il/icil/i-uaet,  were  u.sed  on  the 
Columbia  River  and  Arrow  Lakes,  between  Revelstoke  and  Little 
Dalles,  and  the  Spokane  and  iVelson  on  Kootenai  Lakes,  between 
Honner's  Ferry.  Nel.son  and  Kaslo.  For  the  past  three  years  Cajit. 
J.  W.  Troup  has  been  superintendent  of  the  company,  and,  owing  to 
the  rapid  development  of  the  mining  industrie;,  of  that  region,  the 
steamers  have  enjoyed  a  very  lucrative  traffic.  The  largest  and  finest 
of  their  fleet,  the  Columhia,  was  destroyed  by  fire  near  the  boundarv 
line  in  1894.  Her  place  was  filled  in  August,  1895.  by  the  XukKs/^. 
as  perfect  a  sternwheeler  as  ever  floated.     The  small  propeller  Allou 

was  brought  out  from  Chicago  by  William  l{aton.     She  was  commanded  by  her  owner  and  I).  C.  Long. 

The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company's  new  Driental  steamsliip  line  enjoyed  an  immense  traflic  from  its 

inception,  and  the  Pacific  Mail  Company  suffered  accordingly.     They  made  a  feeble  attempt  at  retaliation   by 

sending  the  steamships  City  of  Peking  and  City  of  Rio  Janeiro  to 

Victoria,  while  en  route  10  and  from  the  Orient,  and  finally  abandoned 

the  business.     The  regular  liners  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  were  the  ' 

Abyssinia,  Captain  Lee  ;'"  liataina.  Captain  Hill  ;  and  Parthia,  Cap- 
tain Wallace.     The  steamers  Danube  and  Mom^kut  also  made  a  few 

trips   to   China,     Captain    Hill   handled   the   former  until  she  was 

purchased  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company.     She  was 

then  commanded  by  Captains  Walbran  and  Meyers,  while  Captain 

Mill  took  the  Jiafavia.     The  steamship  West  Intlian.  Captain  Scott, 

First  Officer  L.  P.  Locke,  arrived  at  \'ictoria   from    Liverpool,  was 

subsequently  placed  in  the  coasting  trade,  and  acquired  considerable 

notoriety  from  frequent  trouble  with  the  Sailors'  L'uion.     She  was 

wrecked  in  189^  off  Acajutla  with  a  cargo  of  coffee.     The  Wellington, 

Captain  Salmoiul,  was  plying  regularly  in  the  Xanainio  coal  trade, 

and  the   Hawaiian  steamers  Costa  A'ieu   and  A/ontserrat  were  also 

■"  Capt.  James  K.  .Anderson  of  \'ancouvcr,  H.  C,  was  among  llic  first  to 
lake  advantage  of  the  lialilinl  fishing  grounds  in  the  Niirtliwest.  lie  was  horn 
in  .Vova  Seotia  in  i.Sji  and  liegan  going  to  sea  with  his  father  wlien  lint  ten  years 
of  age,  sailing  in  llie  A'c/iert  llnue  of  Halifax  for  seven  vears.  Dnring  the 
following  (juarter  of  a  lentnry  he  was  cmnniainler  of  eleven  dilTcrent  vessels  on 
the  Haslern  eoast,  the  sehooners  /iirv,  Moiiiiiii;  /.iqlil,  I'esatctiir,  Ida  '/'iiuntiuc, 
Iteii  /Ids/cel/,  (,',ot,i;e  .V.  /.a;e.  Sriti  SloikhriJi^e.  ,/.  J.  Clarlt,  Joieph  Storey, 
ll'illia>n  II.  Jordan  and  Mountain  l\inKt  owning  all  or  a  part  of  most  of  them. 
Dnring  his  long  eareer  he  was  east  away  three  time:,, -in  iSfiJi  hi  1S84  and  in 
1.SS6.  In  l.Si)o  he  reacheil  this  Coast,  chartered  the  steamer  I'elvs,  and  went  on 
a  fishing  ernise  for  halibut.  He  has  made  a  great  many  trips  since  then  and  in 
Septemher,  iSyj,  came  in  willi  2,066  of  these  fish,  aggregating  ,So,ixki  ]iouiids.  Dnring  his  entire  eareer  as  master,  Captain  .\ndei-oii 
has  never  lost  a  man,  and  his  ventures  have  always  been  financially  snccessfi'.l. 

'■Commander  Ceorge  .\.  I,ee  of  the  Koyal  Mail  Steamship  I'.inpres^  01  Jaf'an  was  liorn  in  Cotinvall,  l')iigland.  in  1S51.  ;ni(l 
when  a  hoy  entered  the  marine  service  as  midshipman  on  the  /n//;;  A',  /('o/vvi/c;-,  siihsei|nently  serving  in  the  lllack  Hall  liiu- to 
.Australia  and  India.  He  was  for  over  eight  years  lirst  ollieer  on  Royal  Mail  steamships  plying  iielween  Mngland  and  Australia  :niil 
arrived  on  the  Coast  on  tlie  steamship  .  Ihys.Mnia.  willi  wliich  he  remained  until  the  liin/ireM  was  completed.  lie  has  had  spliiidiil 
success  with  his  elegant  command  and  has  encountered  no  disaster  with  the  exceplion  of  a  fire  which  broke  ont  in  Angusl,  1  ^>)2, 
after  leaving  Japan.  The  steamer  was  iinmediHtely  put  hack  to  Hakodati,  and  no  .serious  damage  resulted.  Commander  l.ci  iiul 
his  oflicers  were  rewarded  for  their  prompt  action  with  a  present  off 3,500,  to  lie  divided  auioug  them. 


Cact.   Jamks  r.,   .\.Nn|.,KS 


3!n 


Finest  Steanivrs  in  the  iVorthwest  Appear  on  Puget  Sound  Waif 


379 


engaged  hi  this  traffic.  The  Montseiral  was  commanded  by  Capt.  David  Bhickbiirn,  and  nndcr  his  charge  became 
(|uite  notorions.  She  was  a  remarkably  strong  iron  vessel  two  hniidred  and  twenty  feet  long,  thirty  one  feet  beam, 
and  eighteen  feet  hold,  bnilt  in  luigland  in  i.S.Si  for  the  International  Company  of  Lower  California  tocarry  copper 
(iiu  from  IJnsenada  to  the  Hay  City.     After  considerable  time  in  this  service  she  was  sold  to  John   Ro.senfeld  and 

J.  I,.  Howard  of  San  Francisco,  and  by  them  chartered  to  Blackbnrn, 
who  handled  her  as  a  collier.  He  afterward  .secured  an  interest  in 
the  steamer  and  took  her  on  a  blackbirding  expedition  to  the  Gilbert 
Islands.  After  making  a  few  trips  between  those  islands  and  Mexico 
with  coolies  he  again  placed  her  in  the  coal  trade,  handling  her 
himself  Knowing  that  she  was  stanclily  built  he  invariably  over- 
loaded her,  and  in  the  terril)le  storm  of  December,  i8y4.  she  went  to 
the  bottom  somewhere  off  Cape  Flattery,  and  no  trace  wa.i  ever  found 
of  vessel  or  crew. 

The  steamship  IuisIidi  (hri;o>i  was  taken  to  the  Sound  in  July 
and  p'aced  on  the  Hellingham  Hay  route  in  charge  of  Captain  (Ireen 
and  Chief  Ivngineer  .Su.ton.''  She  remained  there  until  the  following 
year,  when  she  was  burned  on  the  gridiron  at  Olyuipia.  Other  steam- 
ships in  the  Northwest  in  ihyo  were  the  German  tramp  A'niiiis, 
Ca])tain  Simonsen  ;  Saiila  Cm-,  Treddle  ;  Mixiro,  Gage  ;  Midii^aii, 
Graves;  llaytian  Republic,  Hrown  ;  (ii\>n;i-  (/'.  I'icr,  Lewis  and 
Patterson;  Queen  of  the  Pneijie.  Carroll;  Cily  of  Topeka,  Wallace; 
City  ofPueblit.  Debney  :  L'nuitilla,  Holmes;  steam  .schooner /.ifX'wc, 
Carter;  \\'iliiiiiii;toii,  .l/iee  ///aiie/iani,  Jeaiiie  iuu'  Sussex.  The  latter 
vessel  was  the  first  of  Frank  I'pton's  steamship  line  between  the 
Columbia  River  and  the  Orient.  The  Saiitu  AV.w,  Captain  Gage, 
made  a  few  trips  to  Portland  in  ph  ce  of  the  O/vx'iv/,  which  with  the 
State  of  California  and  Columbia  was  running  regularly  on  that  route. 
The  .lliee  lilanchani,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet  two  inches 
long,  twenty-eight  feet  two  inches  beam,  and  eleven  feet  nine  inches  hold,  was  built  at  Tacoma  in  1890,  and  was 
first  commanded  by  Captain  Coffin.  .She  was  on  the  sands  at  Vaquina  for  three  days  in  1893,  but  was  towed  off 
cdmparatively  uninjured,  and  has  recently  been  engaged  between  Portland  and  San  Francisco  in  charge  of 
Ciiptain  Dunham.  The  steamers  Mieliii^an  and  Cosinopolis  were  running  between  Puget  Sound  and  the  Columbia 
River  under  charter  to  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and 
were  tied  up  August  i.st  for  lack  of  traffic.  v  '      ",ik,i-    i. 

The  marine  business  in  the  Columbia  River  district  showed  no 
such  increa.se  as  that  on  the  .Sound  either  in  volume  or  in  the  number  of 
vessels  launched,  and  none  of  the  steamers  bnilt  there  could  compare  with 
llie  splendid  productions  appearing  on  the  inland  sea.  The  Oregon  City 
Transportation  Company  completed  the  .  Iltona,  a  hand.some  little  stern- 
wheeler  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  long,  twenty-one  feet  beam,  and 
five  feet  two  inches  hold.  She  made  her  maiden  trip  to  Oregon  City, 
June  2d,  in  connnand  of  Arthur  W.  Graham,  '  with  Horace  Campbell,  ' 
engineer.  She  was  '.ciuipped  with  twelve  !)>  forty-eight  inch  engines, 
which  gave  her  very  good  speed,  and  her  cabins  were  superior  to  those  of 

any  craft  yet  operated  on   that  route,  where  she   is  still   ruiniing.  and  ^^^^^H   .^k. v  IBIif!i4^ 

iidlding  her  own  in  spite  of  the  advent  of  the  electric  line.  Cajit.  H.  H. 
Parker  of  Astoria  built  the  steamer  Astoiian,  one  hundred  and  forty-two 
feet  long,  twenty-six  feet  beam,  anil  four  feet  hold,  with  engines  fourteen 
l)y  forty-two  inches,  at   Portland  in    1S90.     .She  started  on   the  Astoria 


II ! ;. 


Cai't.  r.KoKiiK  A.  Lee,  R,  N.  R. 


^^ Samuel  Sullon,  eu^itu'er,  \Mis  horn  in   Delaware.     On  arri\al  on  the  Coa.st 

was  in  the  etniiloy  of  tlie  Pacitic  Mail  Steanisliip  Ci>ni|>aii>  for  ahout  lour  \ ears.  _ 

■,  first  woik  on  rn^et  .Somid  was  t>n  the  0/ymf*ian.     lie  was  afterward  on  a  nnniher  iiohal-k  Cami-heli. 

ilie  Oregon  Railway  ^t  Navigation  Coiii])an\''s  other  steamers,  and  was  cliief  on 
:  /uisteni  Otef^on  when  she  burned  at  OlNiupia  in  iSyi.     When  tlie  flvii  was  sent  aroinid  to  tlie  Sound,  Mr.  Sutton  was  placed 

rharjje  of  her  en^^ines,  whioli  had  heen  working  very  utisatisfaetttrily.     lie  s<ioii  sneeeeded  in  adjustiuj^  them  so  tluit  they  have 
,  en  the  owners  neither  Ironhle  nor  expense  sinee,  and  is  still  chief  on  the  steamer. 

^' Capt.  .\rtliur  \V.  (iraham  was  horn  in  Windsor,  Nova   Scotia,  in    iSCo.     lie    has   heen  connected  with  the  marine  business 

'le  boyhood,  sailing;  in  tlie  .-\thintic  trade,  first  as  cabin  boy,  then  working'  his  way  up  to  the  jiosititni  ol'  boatswain,  third,  sei-ond 

■I  iirsl  mate  of  sailing;  vessels,  and  eventually  receiving  master's  papers.     On  reaching  Portland  in  i.s.sd  he  first  joined  the  steamer 

ili'iiii,  goiiif,'  from  her  to  tlie  h'a»ioiia,  and  has  since  handled  all  the  steamers  owned  by  the  Oregon  City  Transportatmn  Company. 

■"  Horace  Campbell,  enj^ineer.  of  rortland.  Or.,  has  been  cngaj^ed  on  rivei  steamers  rnnn:n>i  out  of  Portland  for  fifteen  yeais, 

1  has  also  worked  .is  a  locomotive  en^jineer.      He  was  for  many  years  on  steamers  running  to  Lewis  and  Lake  ri\ers,  and  while  so 

.i^ed  devoted  his  spare  moments  to  perfecting!  improvements  in  confection  with  steamboatinv;,  receiving  a  number  of  patents  of 

isiilerable  value.     He  designed  the  machinery  for  the  steamer  Altofta  and  after  placing  it  in  position  ran  on  her  as  engineer,  anil 

(••^yi  designed  the  machinery  for  the  Okanagan  Lake  steamer  .Ibenleen. 


\\ 


i 


I 


f   ; 


I 

4     ■ 


'  \ 


li 


ii;!; 


!■  t 


v:\ 


38o 


Lewis  (J  Dryden'a  Marint  history  of  the  Paoifio  Northwest 


route  January  gth,  in  charge  of  E.  P.  Parker,  captain,  Al  Church,  pilot,  and  John  Phillips,  engineer,  and  was 
afterward  chartered  by  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and  operated  on  the  Cascade  route,  but  was 
too  slow  to  be  much  of  a  success  anywhere.  The  sternwheel  stenmer  Mascolte,  length  one  hundred  and  thirty-two 
feet,  beam  twenty-four  feet,  and  depth  of  hold  five  feet  five  inches,  with  engines  fifteen  by  sixty  inches,  was 
constructed  at  Portland  for  the  Lewis  and  Lake  rivers  trade,  where  she  has  been  steadily  employed  since 
completion.  John  Bonser  was  master  until  1893  and  was  succeeded  by  A.  W.  Gray.  For  the  past  few  years  she 
has  been  owned  by  Jacob  Kamm.  Elmore,  Sanborn  &  Co.,  the  Astoria  cannerymen,  launched  the  fine  propeller 
R.  P.  Elmore  for  use  in  connection  with  their  business  at  Tillamook.     She  was  sixty-seven  feet  two  inches  lonj;, 

eighteen  feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  five  inches  hold,  with  engines  nine 
— ■  -      -■    -  and  eighteen  by  twenty  inches.     Capt.  James  Tatton  ^  has  commanded 

her  since  her  construction,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  in  iSy_^, 
when  George  W.  Wood  handled  her,  and  James  C.  Fox  has  been 
engineer  for  the  past  few  years.  Captain  Tatton  took  her  to  Alaska 
two  seasons,  and  she  has  recently  been  running  regularly  i'j  the 
passenger  and  freight  service  between  Astoria  and  Tillamook.  The 
steam  schooner  W.  H.  Harrison  was  built  at  Alsea,  Dr.,  by  Capt.  Paid 
Schrader.  She  was  ninety- two  feet  long,  twenty  feet  one  inch  beam, 
and  six  feet  eight  inches  hold,  with  a  twelve  by  twelve  inch  engine, 
which  was  afterward  replace-i  with  a  compound  engine  eleven  and 
twenty-'  wo  by  twelve  inches.  Thomas  I.atham  was  her  first  master  and 
was  L,t.'?ceeded  by  Peter  Crim  and  Thomas  Neil.  She  is  still  engaged 
in  the  coasting  trade. 

The  steamer  La  Camas  was  built  at  Portland,  the  machinery 
and  part  of  the  house  being  from  the  Tom  Morris.  The  C.  M.  Behhaw 
was  brought  from  San  Francisco  by  George  W.  Hume,  and  has  since 
been  in  charge  of  Fred  Lewis,  Andrew  Johnson  and  George  W.  Adams. 
The  Star  Sand  Company  of  Portland  launched  the  sternwheeler 
Enterprise,  especially  equipped  for  dredging  sand  from  the  bottom  of 
the  river  and  loading  it  on  barges,  which  she  also  towed.  She  has 
been  very  successful  in  the  work  for  which  she  was  ititended  and  has  been  handled  by  Capt.  John  Randall, 
M.  W.  Sprague  and  John  Nelsoi  .  The  steamer  Edgar,  sixty  feet  long,  fourteen  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold, 
with  engines  seven  and  fourteen  by  twelve  inches,  was  built  in  San  Francisco  by  tl  Northwestern  Lumber 
Company  in  1S90  and  taken  to  Shoalwater  Bay.  J.  H.  Sparrow  was  in  command  \.iitil  1892,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  A.  M.  Sproule.  The  tug  Katie  O'Nfil,  length  eighty-nine  feet  five  inches,  beam  eighteen  feet  si.x 
inches,  depth  of  hold  seven  feet  five  inches,  was  completed  at  Coos  Bay  for  service  on  the  bar,  and  the  propeller 
Milton,  on  which  Jacob  Ernst,  W.  F.  Elrod  and  Robert  Jones  have  served  as  masters,  by  the  California  Lumber 
Company.  Other  steamers  set  afloat  at  Coos  Bay  and  vicinity  in  1890  were  the  Citmtux,  owned  by  P.  C.  Durgan 
and  subsequently  by  Lightner  &  Lockwood  ;  the  Express,  by  Henry  Sengstacken,  commanded  by  W.  F.  Elrod  ; 
the  Varro  at  Porter,  by  Captain  Pendergast,  E.  OConnell  and  others  ;  and  the  sternwlieelers  Alert  and  Dcspahh 
at  Bandon.  The  former  is  handled  by  George  \V.  Leneve  and  the  latter  by  Robert  J.  Dunham  and  Robert 
Fredericks.  The  propeller  Mascutle  was  launched  at  Yaquina  by  H.  G.  and  E.  J.  Burrows  for  local  .service  on  the 
bay,  and  the  steamer  Moonlight,  length  sixty-eight  feet  five  inches,  beam  twenty-four  feet,  depth  of  hold  seven 
feet,  at  Siuslaw.  She  is  at  present  owned  by  W.  H.  Elliot.  The  ferry  steaiaer  Alice  V.  was  built  at  Salem  for 
Henry  G.  Hastings  and  the  Rush  at  Hood  River  for  R.  O.  Evans.  The  Harvest  Queen  shot  the  Cascades,  May 
i8th,  in  the  presence  of  the  largest  crowd  which  had  ever  witnessed  a  similar  feat.  She  made  the  perilous  trip  in 
charge  of  J.  W.  Troup,  with  Peter  De  Huff,  chief  engineer,  Charles  Dehni  and  Z.  A.  Moody,  a.ssistants,  while 
Capt.  Miles  Bell  assisted  Captain  Troup  in  the  pilot-house.  She  covered  the  first  four  miles  of  the  run  in  fonr 
minutes,  and  carried  with  her  fully  twenty  passengers,  among  whom  were  Capt.  E.  S.  Edwards,  United  States 
inspector  of  hulls,  Frank  McDermott,  U:iited  States  inspector  of  boilers,  Peter  Carstens,  Capt.  W.  H.  Whitconib, 
Capt.  Harry  Baughman,  Sam  Lotan,  C.  C.  Cherry  and  Russell  Sewell.  The  Union  Pacific,  which  had  secured 
control  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  was  reorganized  April  ist,  and  Port  Captain  Troup  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  water  lines. 

Sailing  vessels  built  in  the  Northwest  in  1890  were  the  schooner  /.  /'/.  W'eat/iencax,  one  hundred  and  fon> 
feet  long,  twenty-seven  feet  eight  inches  beam,  eleven  'eet  four  inches  hold,  at  Aberdeen  ;  the  bark  Albert,  (Sj 
tons,  and  the  four-masted  schooners  Carrier  Dove  707,  f^ing  Cyrus  702,  and  Spokane  639,  at  Port  Blakely.    'I'lie 


Capt.  Jahks  Tatton 


"Capt.  James  Tatton  was  born  in  Maine  in  1848  aiid  began  coasting  with  his  father  on  the  Atlantic  when  a  boy,  afler^aid 
sailing  to  the  West  Indies  and  Kurope.  He  reached  the  Columbia  River  in  1877  and  engaged  in  fishing  for  a  few  years,  subse(|ueiiily 
running  small  steamers  in  the  neighborhood  of  Astoria.  In  1S87  lie  was  interested  with  VV.  E.  Warren  in  tlie  schooner  Aiph,i, 
one  of  the  first  American  sealers  seized  by  the  Government.  Captain  Tatton  was  in  charge  of  tlie  schooner  at  the  time,  ami  iiiur 
the  vessel  bad  been  taken  by  the  emissaries  of  the  Government,  which  utterly  failed  to  protect  its  citizens  in  the  sealing  (luestmii, 
he  made  his  way  back  to  Astoria  and  has  since  been  engaged  on  steamers  running  coastwise  from  the  Columbia  River,  having  li  I'l 
charge  of  the  R.  P.  Elmore  for  ihe  past  four  years,  running  to  Alaska  and  Tillamook. 


Finest  Steamers  in  the  Northwest  Appear  on  Paget  Sound  Waters 


381 


dimensions  of  the  Cat rier  Dove  and  the  King  Cyrus  were  nearly  the  same,  the  former  being  one  hundred  and 
eighty -eight  feet  seven  inches  long,  thirty-nine  feet  beam,  and  fourteen  feet  two  inches  hold,  and  Mie  latter  one 
hundred  and  eighty-eight  feet  five  inches  long,  thirty-eight  feet  four  inches  beam,  and  fourteen  ftet  seven  inches 
hold.  The  schooner  Baltic  was  launched  at  Port  Townsend  ;  the  Blakcly,  length  one  hundred  and  sixteen  feet 
two  inches,  beam  twenty-four  feet  seven  inches,  depth  nine  feet  two  inches,  at  Port  Blakely  ;  the  Vine,  length 
one  hundred  and  seven  feet  nine  inches,  beam  thirty-one  feet  one  inch,  depth  eleven  feet  three  inches,  at  Gig 
Harbor ;  the  Aida,  length  one  hundred  and  eighty-three  feet  one  inch,  beam  thirty-nine  feet,  depth  twelve  feet, 
at  present  owned  by  G.  S.  Hinsdale,  at  Port  Ludlow  ;  and  the  b.irkentine  Willie  R.  Hume,  632  tons,  length  one 
hundred  and  eighty-three  feet  one  inch,  beam  thirty-nine  feet  six  inches,  depth  fourteen  feet  six  inches,  at  North 
Bend.  The  British  ship  Tliermopyltc,  which  had  won  a  world-wide  reputation  for  her  remarkable  performances 
as  a  tea  clipper,  was  purchased  in  1890  by  Hall,  Ross  &  Co.  of  \  'gloria,  and  has  .since  been  regularly  engaged 
out  of  that  port.  The  ThermopyliC  was  built  in  Aberdeen  in  1868  by  Walter  Hood  &  Co.  She  sailed  to 
Melbourne  on  her  first  trip  in  sixty  days,  afterward  from  Newcastle  to  Shanghai  in  twenty-eight  days,  which  is 
record  time,  from  Chefoo  to  London  in  ninety-one  days,  which,  with  the  exception  of  the  Sir  Launcelot's 
ninety-day  trip  over  the  same  course,  is  the  best  time  yet  made,  and  from  Shanghai  to  London  in  one  hundred 
and  six  days.  She  has  a  record  of  380  miles  in  a  single  day.  A  rtiic  of  her  prowess  in  the  golden  age  of  clipper 
ships,  a  handsome  carving  of  a  crowing  cock,  with  a  motto  signifying  that  while  she  lives  she  crows  over  all,  is 
still  displayed  on  her  forward  deck-house.  This  trophy  was  plactu  there  early  in  the  seventies,  when,  with  p 
double  crew  of  thirty-two  men,  she  distanced  all  competitors  in  reaching  London.  Since  entering  the  Victona 
trade  she  has  been  sailed  by  Capt.  J.  R.  Winchester,''  who  has  had  her  rigged  as  a  bark,  apparently  without 
altering  her  speed,  for  the  old  flyer  i"  .still  noted  for  rattling  passages.  She  is  two  hundred  and  ten  feet  long, 
thirty-six  feet  beam,  and  twenty-one  feet  hold,  net  tonnage  947. 

The  Columbia  River  grain  fleet  for  i8go  included  fifty-three  vessels,  while  Puget  Sound's  grain  and  flour 
sliipments  numbered  twenty-five  cargoes.  The  largest  vessel  in  the  Sound  fleet  was  the  British  ship  Marlboro  Hill, 
2,363  tons,  the  smallest  the  British  bark  Cairnsmore,  878  tons.  Twenty-two  of  the  ve.ssels  were  over  1,000, 
twenty  over  1,200,  fifteen  over  1,500,  nine  over  1,700,  and  five  over  2,200  tons.  This  fleet  was  insignificant 
compared  with  that  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  where  the  shipments  aggregated  430  cargoes,  consisting  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  million  feet  of  lumber,  loaded  as  follows:  From  Port  Blakely  105  cargoes,  Tacoma  -,i. 
Port  Discovery  50,  Port  Ludlow  43,  Port 
Gamble  42,  Port  Madison  44,  Port  Hadlock 
3+.  Gig  Harbor  25,  Utsalady  16.  Twenty- 
five  hundred  and  ninety-eight  vessels  passed 
Flattery  light  between  June  30,  1889,  and 
June  30,  1890,  including  1,210  steamers,  340 
ships,  478  barks,  529  schooners,  15  brigs  and 
24  sloops. 

The  long  list  of  ves.sels  which  have 
sailed  to  a  mysterious  fate  received  another 
addition  early  in  1890.  The  bark  Nellie  May 
started  from  Port  Madison,  January  23d,  for 
San  Francisco  with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  and  the 
only  trace  which  has  ever  been  found  was 
some  wreckage  of  one  of  her  boats  discovered 
by  the  Indians  on  Clayoquot  Sound,  and  her 
name-board,  which  was  picked  up  off"  Cape 
Flattery  by  the  tug  Lome,  May  4th.  The  Nellie  May  was  built  at  Newcastle,  Me.,  in  1S67,  and  owned  by 
Capl.  Axtel  Austin  and  W.  P.  Sayward  of  Port  Madison  and  E.  M.  Herrick  of  San  Franci.sco.  She  was  in 
charge  of  Captain  Austin,  with  J.  D.  Wilson,  first  mate  ;  C.  Wright,  second  mate  ;  J.  E.  Perkins,  Edward 
White,  G.  Larson,  Paul  Ritters,  Otto  Nasch,  P.  Peterson,  John  Bowers  and  one  other,  seamen,  and  a  cook 
and  steward,  whose  names  are  unknown.  The  schooner  Douglas  Dearborn,  from  San  Francisco  for  Puget 
Sound,  was  found  floating  bottom  up  off"  the  Columbia  bar  January  4th,  and  all  of  her  crew  are  supposed  to 
i<ave  dro\..ied.  The  schooner  Rosalind  ran  ashore  three  miles  north  of  Rogue  River,  February  i8tli,  and 
liecame  a  tot.il  loss.  The  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company's  steamer  Sardonyx,  while  en  route  from 
I'ori  Simpson  to  Skidegate,  running  thirteen  knots  an  hour,  .struck  an  unknown  reef  between  Skidegate  Harbor 
and  Rose  Spit,  and  became  a  total  wreck.  The  pas.sengers  and  crew  reached  Skidegate  and  were  taken  to 
\'i:t()ria  by  tue  steamer  Barbara  Bost07vitz.  The  wreck  was  sold  to  R.  Hroderick  for  $650.  The  Chilean  bark 
Savona,  from  Valparaiso  for  Tacoma,  went  ashore  four  miles  west  of  Dungeness.     The  American  bark  Alalanta, 

"'Crpt.  J.  R.  Winchester  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1847  and  lias  been  eUKaged  in  the  marine  service  for  over  thirty  years, 
lie  took  cl  .irf;e  of  the  famous  clipper  Tlieniicpyta'  in  i8Sg  and  has  since  sailed  her  in  the  tea  trade  between  Japan  anil  racilli-  Coast 
,H>rls.    lae  famous  skimmer  of  the  seas  shows  fully  as  much  speed  as  in  the  days  of  her  youth. 


Ci.iiTKR  Hark  "  Tuermoi'VI-i:  ' 


ill 


If.' 


Lewis  (f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Capt.  Frederick   Masher,"  from  Port  Gamble  for  San  Francisco,  was  wrecked  in  a  gale  fifty  miles  off  Cape 
Flattery,  December  i6,  1890.     Her  master  gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  her  last  voyage  : 

"  We  left  the  mill  at  Port  Gamble,  in  tow  of  the  tug  Tyre,  December  8th,  All  went  well  until  I  put  sail  on  off  Flattery  ;  llie 
vessel  then  began  making  water,  but,  being  lumber-laden,  I  did  not  tliink  it  worth  while  to  go  back.  We  got  down  as  far  as  ttie 
mouth  of  the  Coluinb)a,  and  the  wind  shifted  from  northwest  to  southwest,  with  snow  squalls,  and  it  was  then  that  the  forty  ytars 
that  the  Alalanla  had  been  afloat  told  on  her  with  fearful  efTect.  The  sails  all  blew  away  on  the  night  of  the  thirteenth,  and'stinn 
after  the  heavy  deck  load  of  eighty-foot  timbers  broke  adrift,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  fourteenth  the  fore  and  main  mast  went  by  the 
board,  the  foremast  smashing  the  long-boat,  destroying  our  means  of  leaving  the  ship.  The  seas  were  washing  over  us  fore  anil  .ift 
at  that  time,  and,  at  we  had  been  many  hours  without  food,  I  went  to  what  was  left  of  our  cabin  and  found  a  cau  ol  tomatoes  and  (mi- 
of  peaches.  From  these  each  man  was  given  a  mouthful  to  relieve  his  thirst.  About  noon  of  the  fourteenth  tlie  vessel  conmienceil  to 
break  up,  and  about  3:00  p.  m.  she  parted  just  abaft  the  main  hatch,  leaving  fourteen  of  us  on  the  after-house,  with  nothing  to  eal  nx 
drink,  the  two  cans  having  been  lost  in  the  excitement.  Niglit  began  to  set  in,  and  a  night  in  the  month  of  December  off  Vancouver 
Islaud  is  a  long  one,  even  when  one  is  comfortably  situated.  The  mizzenniast  went  shortly  after  daylight  and  took  nearlv  one-li.ilf 
of  our  limited  raft.  Through  all  that  day  and  the  next  night  the  sea  was  making  a  clean  breach  over  us,  but  on  the  morning  of  the 
sixteenth  we  sighted  laud,  which  was  a  relief  even  though  it  was  far  away.  The  steward,  John  W.  Wilhurn,  became  temporari'iv 
insane  at  noon  on  the  sixteenth,  the  first  officer's  leg  was  broken,  and  all  hands  were  inclined  to  feel  desponilent.  We  had  fully 
made  up  our  minds  that  we  would  either  be  dead  or  ashore  before  morning,  as  we  were  all  very  badly  chilled.  The  sailors  exchanged 
addresses  in  case  any  should  get  ashore,  and  in  this  way  we  passed  the  longest  night  I  have  ever  experienced  When  morning 
came  we  were  still  afloat,  but  few  of  the  men  could  speak  on  account  of  thirst  and  cohl.  Tlie  rudder  had  become  jammed  with  a  lot 
of  the  deck  load,  forming  quite  a  raft,  and,  as  our  house  was  breaking  off  piece  by  piec»,  John  Anderson,  the  second  mate,  and  four 
men  went  to  it  so  as  to  make  room  for  us  on  the  house.  They  had  hardly  crawled  on  the  timber  before  it  parted  from  the  rest  of  the 
wreckage,  and  we  drifted  away  from  each  other  at  8;oo  A.  M.,  aiul  by  a  singular  coincidence  we  both  came  together  again  at  5;ix) 
p.  M.  in  an  eddy  that  sent  us  directly  on  shore,  aiul  we  landed  within  two  hundred  yards  of  each  other  in  Clayocjuot  Sound,  having 
drifted  170  miles  on  the  raft  in  four  days  and  four  nights,  in  the  month  of  December,  without  losing  a  life.  The  Indians  were  very 
kind  to  us,  and  we  were  taken  to  Victoria  by  the  sealing  schooner  k'nlherine." 

The  Atalanta  was  built  at  Araesbury,  Mass.,  in  1851,  was  for  a  number  of  years  in  the  pas.senger  trade  to 
lyiverpool,  afterward  sailed  in  the  cotton  trade  to  Mobile,  Savannah  and  New  Orleans,  and  was  then  bought  by 

Pope  &  Talbot  and  brought  to  the 
Pacific  Coast,  July  22d.  The  wreck 
was  sold  to  R.  W.  De  Lion  and 
F.  A.  Bartlett  for  $1,410.  The  pilot 
schooner  Governor  Moody,  in  charge 
of  Capt.  Peter  C.  Cordiner, '"  with  a 
crew  of  four  men,  was  wrecked  at 
North  He,'  d,  near  tlie  mouth  of  the 
Columbia,  September  20th.  She 
drifted  in  during  thick  weather  at 
4:15  A.  M.  and  was  nearly  in  the 
breakers  before  the  danger  was 
discovered.  There  was  not  wind 
enough  to  get  off  shore,  and  a 
heavy  sea  soon  battered  her  to 
pieces  against  the  rocks,  which  the 
captain  and  crew  reached  from  tlie 
mast.  The  life-saving  crew  at  Fort 
Canby  afterward  succeeded  in  saving 
portions  of  her  rigging.  The  Governor  Moody's  place  on  the  Columbia  bar  was  taken  by  the  schooner  Sati  Josi'. 
which  P.  W.  Weeks,  the  pilot  commissioner,  purcha.sed  in  San  Franei.sco.  The  schooner  Gratitrer,  from  Rodie 
Harbor  for  Seattle  with  eight  hundred  barrels  of  lime,  burned  in  the  straits  April  15th,  Captain  Melander  and  tlie 
crew  of  three  men  escaping  in  a  small  boat  and  landing  at  Point  Wilson.  The  Ferndale,  from  San  Juan  for  I'ort 
Townsend  in  command  of  her  owner,  Capt.  A.  O.  Benjamin,  burned  in  Richardson  Bay,  Lopez  Island,  December 
15  h.  On  leaving  San  Juan  the  steamer  encountered  a  very  heavy  sea,  to  escape  which  she  turned  liack.  Shortly 
afterward  an  I'.t'.usually  heavy  swell  struck  her  and  broke  the  guys  of  the  smokestack,  which  went  adrift,  setting 
fire  to  the  steamer,  and  liefore  the  flames  could  be  extinguished  her  steam  pipe  broke,  and  she  drifted  helple.ssly 
on  the  south  side  of  Lopez  Island.  Her  cargo,  consistini.;  of  five  hundred  barrels  of  lime,  caught  fire,  and  tlie 
vessel  was  soon  consumed.  Her  anchors  were  let  go  before  the  lime  was  ignited,  but  failed  to  hold.  The  total 
loss  of  vessel  and  cargo  w.is  about  thirty  thousand  dollars,  with  an  insurance  of  nearly  thirteen  thou.sand  dollars 
on  the  steamer.     The  twenty-one  persons  on  board  narrowly  escaped  a  horrible  death. 

The  Norwegian  ship  Slraiin,  from  Port  Discovery  for  Melbourne,  with  one  million  feet  of  lumber,  was 
abandoned  off  the  Oregon  coast  in  December  in  a  water-logged  condition.  The  crew  were  rescued  bj'  the  British 
bark  Tamer.  The  vessel  was  subsequently  picked  up  by  the  steamer  Scotia,  which  attempted  to  tow  her 
into  port,  but  was  obliged  to  let  her  go  off  Nestucca  after  rescuing  a  dog  which  had  been  left  behind  by  the  crew. 


^4S^^* 


Stfamer  "Lvtton" 


™Capt.  Frederick  Masher  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1856  and  has  'wen  filing  in  the  deep-water  trade  for  over  twenty 
years.  He  commenced  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  i.SSH  with  the  bark  .'Itlanta,  which  he  left  on  V.iucouver  Island  in  1890.  He  is  at 
present  in  command  of  the  //,  P.  Clieuiy. 

™Capt.  Peter  C.  Cordiner  of  Astoria,  Or,  was  l)orn  at  Cape  Dreton  in  1856,  commenced  going  to  sea  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
and  went  to  Puget  Sound  in  1883  on  the  sliip  Ivy,  with  which  he  sailed  in  the  lumber  trade  for  about  six  years^  going  to  Astmia 
with  her  as  master  in  1H89,  He  left  her  to  join  the  pilot  schooner  Governor  Moody  as  boalkeeper,  when  she  was  lost  entered  llie 
tugboat  service,  and  about  three  years  ago  was  appointed  bar  pilot. 


Finest  Steamers  in  tl)e  Northwest  Appear  on  Puget  Sound  Waters 


383 


The  Straun  drifted  ashore  a  few  days  later,  and  the  settlers  along  the  beach  in  that  vicinity  built  new  houses 
witli  her  cargo.  The  schooner  Dare,  Capt.  F.  A.  Berry,  foundered  on  Bonilla  Point,  near  Vancouver  Island, 
pfceniber  23d,  during  a  thick  fog,  and  was  soon  beaten  to  pieces  by  the  heavy  sea,  the  crew  reaching  shore  in 
safety.  The  steamer  Oiler  was  in  collision  with  the  Hassalo,  February  17th,  near  Des  Moines,  and  received 
injuries  which  ended  her  existence.  The  steamship  Cosmopolis  went  ashore  at  Bella  Bella  in  May  while  en  route 
fiDin  Port  Townsend  to  Wrangel  Island  with  coal.  The  Dispatch,  formerly  owned  by  the  United  States 
Government,  was  blown  ashore  and  wrecked  in  Seymour  Channel,  January  22d,  while  towing  a  raft.  She  was 
in  ciiarge  of  her  owner,  Capt.  P.  Pierce,  with  Edward  Thornton,  engineer.  The  steamer  Despatch,  belonging  to 
Capt.  Henry  Mortjan,  bur.ied  at  the  dock  at  Seattle,  May  22d.  The  Willamette  River  steamer  Isabel  .sank  at  the 
wharf  at  Sellwood,  January  22d,  while  laden  with  eight  thousand  bricks,  and  when  the  tide  went  out  it  left 
her  on  the  rocks,  which  injured  her  to  such  an  extent  that  she  was  never  repaired.  The  steamer/.  Ordway  burned 
to  the  water's  edge  at  Weidler's  Mills  in  Portland,  January  8th,  and  the  loss  was  about  five  thousand  dollars. 
She  was  afterward  rebuilt.  The  sloop  Augusta  capsized  off  Port  Angeles,  October  2d,  drowning  her  owner,  Olof 
Anderson.  The  old-time  steamship  Ajax  was  lo.st  off  the  California  coast,  September  i8th,  her  passengers 
landing  in  safety  at  Shelter  Cove.  The  Victoria  steamer  Badger  was  wrecked  on  James  Island,  December  i6th, 
and  sold  by  the  underwriters  to  the  owners  for  $150.  She  was  subsequently  raised,  brought  to  Victoria  and 
repaired.  The  steamship  Michigan  caught  fire  at  sea  November  ist,  and  after  a  fast  run  of  seventy  miles  reached 
Astoria,  where  the  fire  was  extinguished  by  the  Astoria  Fire  Department.  The  loss  was  about  ten  thousand 
dollars,  as  her  salmon  cargo  was  badly  damaged.  She  was  in  charge  of  Graves,  captain,  Adams,  chief  engineer, 
and  F.  M.  Bucklin,  purser. 

Among  the  prominent  marine  men  passing  away  in  1890  were  Capt.  A.  F.  Hedges,  who  purchased  the 
machinery  for  the  first  steamer  on  the  upper  Willamette  and  was  for  many  years  interested  in  steamboating  on 
the  river,  at  Yakima,  March  6th,  aged  seventy-three  years  ;  Capt.  Allan  Noyes,  of  the  Garibaldi  and  Alden  Rcsse, 
at  Portland,  January  7th  ;  and  David  Pardun,  the  well  known  engineer,  drowned  on  the  Sound,  October  20th, 
from  the  steamer  State  of  Washington. 


Royal  Mail  stkamsiiip  "K-MfRBHS  of  China' 


i  H 


chai'ti<:r  XIX. 


Columbia    Rivhr    &    Puget  Soi'nd    Navigatton    Company  —  1'uokt   .Soind  Ti'gboat   Company  —  Tin; 

WllALEIlACK    "C.    W.   WKTMORK  "  —  ;.:"  !AMKRS    "VICTORIAN"    AND    "  Fl.YKR  "  ^  DAI.I.KS,    PORTLAND 

&  Astoria  Navigation  Company— Ini.anu  Steamers  "  Coi.i'mhia,"  "Norma"  ani>  "Spokank" 
—  Canadian  Pacific  Railway's  Royal  Mail  Steamship  Link  —  British  Steamers  "Comox  " 
"Capilano"  and  "  Caledonia  " — The  "Kmhlkton's"  Long  Passage — Wreck  ok  the  Stkamsiiip 
"San  Pedro" — Boiler  ICxplosion  on  the  "  Ivvangei.  " — British  Ship  "Strathhlane  "  Wkkckkd 
ON  North  Bkach— Numerous  Disasters  on  Sound,  River  and  Ocean — The  Oregon  Railway 
&  Navigation  Company  Withdraws  From  Puget  Sound  — Steam  and  Sailing  Vessels  on  the 
Inland  Sea  —  The  "  B.  P.  Weare"  on  the  Yukon  River  —  The  C<kur  d'Alenk  Stkamkr 
"  Georgik  Cakes"  —  Kootenai  Steamers  "Annkrly"  and  "State  ok  Idaho" — Steamers 
"Sarah  Dixon,"  "  Ramona,"  "  Hattie  Belle"  and  "  Chii.kat  "—First  Lu'.htship  on  Pacific 
Coast — Dominion  Steamship  "(Juadra" — Oriental  Steamship  Lines  —  Wreck  ok  thi; 
"  Ferndale,"  "  Friccson,"  "C.  W.  Wetmore"  and  Other  Vessels  —  Collision  ok  the 
"Premier"  and   "Willamette." 

jURING  THE  VKAR  1891  several  very  important  steamboat  enterprises  were  organi/cd 
on  Puget  Sound.      Tlie  Columbia  River  &  Puget  Sound   Navigation  Company  was 
incorporated  in  February,  with  U.  B.  .Scott,  president ;  John  Leary,  vice-president ;  L.  li. 
Seeley,  second  vice-president  ;  E.  W.  Creighton,  .secretary  and  treasurer  ;  E.  A.  vSetley 
and  Z.J.  Hatch.    The  new  company  absorbed  the  steamers  liailcy  Gatzert,  I'lectuvodawiX 
Tfle/>honc,  built  the  new  steamer  Flyer,  and  are  still  operating  them.     Hatch's  interest 
was  purchased    by  the  other   members  of  the  company   shortly  after  organization. 
The  liailcy  (.iaizcrt  was  sent  around  to  the  Columbia  and  is  at  present  alternating  with 
the  '/'elephonc  on  the  Astoriu  route.     The  company   is  al.so  handling  the  sidcwliecler 
Ocean  //'rtji*' under  a  lease  from  the  Ilwaco   Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  giving 
them  an  equipment  .second  to  that  of  no 
other  steamboat  company  in  the  North- 
west.    Their  Puget   .Sound    business  is 
handled  by  the  steamers  Fleet-wood  and 
Flyer,  the  latter  being  the  fastest  propel- 
ler ever  constructed  in  the  Northwest. 
Her  keel  was  laid  in  Portland,  March 
31st,  and  she  left  for  the  Sound,  Novem- 
ber 13th,  in  charge  of  Graves,  captain  ; 
Thomas  Neill,  pilot  ;    Thomas    Devlin, 
jhief  engineer ;    A.   J.   Taylor,   purser ; 
George  Murray,  steward.     Capt.  Harry 
:  'lUve  was  first  in  command  after  she 
reached  Seattle  and  handled  her  on  the 
Seattle  and  Tacoina  route.     He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Capt.  John  Jordi.son,  who  has 
since  remained  in  command,  with  Samuel 
Sutton,  chief  engineer  ;  Thomas  Short, 
first  assistant;  Henry  Carter,  pilot ;  A.  J. 
Taylor,  purser.     The  entire  upper  works  of  tlie  .steamer  were  destroyed  by  fire  in  1892,  but  she  was  rebuilt  with 
larger  and  finer  cabins  and  was  again  on  the  route  in  June,   1892.     Her  record  since  that  time  is  rather  a 


STKAMKK   ■'  I'l.YKR  ■ 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  cj  Savigatinn  Company  from  Paget  Sound 


385 


''1 


m 


R'inarkable  one.  .She  has  \xen  almost  continually  making  four  round  trips  a  day  between  Seattle  and  Tacoma, 
Covering  the  distance  of  twenty-eight  miles  in  less  than  an  hour  and  a  half  arriving  and  departing  on  a  lime 
sclicdule  with  the  regularity  of  a  railroad  train.  Her  [lerforniances  offer  a  high  testimonial  to  the  skill  of  those  in 
eliarge,  and  neither  storm  nor  fog  have  ever  delayed  the  steamer  more  than  a  few  moments.  The  Flyer  is  one 
lumdred  and  seventy  feet  long,  twenty-one  feet  beam,  with  engines  twenty-one,  thirty  and  fifty-four  by  thirty  inches. 

The  Puget  Sound  Tugboat  Company  commenced  operations  June  ist,  with  the  Tacoma  Mill  Company, 
Piii,'et  Sound  Commercial  Company,  Port  Hlakely  Mill  Company  and  Washington  Mill  Company  as  stockholders. 
Tlifse  corporations  were  given  stock  based  on  the  valuation  of  tlie  tugs  as  follows  :  Puget  Sound  Commercial 
Company,  Tyfe,  5^70,000 ;  Port  Hlakely  Mill  Company,  Wanderer,  $66,ckx)  ;  Kendrick  iS:  Adams,  Riehard 
11,'lvokr,  $35.<>"f>  ;  Tacoma  Mill  Company,  Tacoma.  ^(4,^000.  K.  P.  Hlake  was  elected  president  :  Cyrus  Walker, 
vice-president  ;  Iv  G.  Ames,  .secretary  ;  W.  I)e  Witt,  treasurer  ;  and  J.  H.  Libby,  manager.  The  Seattle  & 
Tacoma  Navigation  Com])any  was  incorporated  October  3tst  by  Henry  Carstens,  Claud  Troup  and  Frank  W. 
("loodhue,'  and  purchased  the  steamer  Gnyhoutid  from  Capt.  Claud  Troup.  Business  on  the  Bellingham  Bay 
route  reached  high-water  mark  in  iHgi,  during  which  year  nearly  a  dozen  of  the  best  steamers  on  the  Sound 
were  running  to  the  new  towns  on  the  bay.  Among  the  best  known  in  tliis  trade  were  the  Fairliaveii,  Slate  of 
U'iis/iiii_t,'-/0,/_  Cily  of  Seattle,  hlmma  //ayicard,  l^reiiiier,  Seliome.  Eliva  Anderson,  It'aseo,  //as.uilo,  W.  A'.  A/ern'in 
anil  /uistern  ()reifon.  The  latter  vessel  was  placed  on  the  V'ancouver  route  in  November,  alternating  with  the 
Premier,  and  burned  on  the  gridiron  at  Olympia,  December  ist,  Charles  Ncitchwartz  losing  his  life. 

Soon  after  the  retirement  of  Captain  Troup  from  the  superintendency  of  the  water  lines  of  the  ITnion 
Pacific,  Capt.  Edward  J.  Rathbone'  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  company's  interests  on  the  Sound.  Kvery  large 
steamer  in  that  vicinity  was  tied  up  for  .several  days  in  1891  as  a  result  of  a  misunderstanding  between  the 
cii),'iiieering  and  navigating  departments  of  the  Olympian.  Henry  F.  Smith,  first  assistant  engineer,  l)ecame 
involved  in  a  quarrel  with  a  deckhand  .soon  after  leaving  Victoria,  October  20th.  The  trouble  connuenced  by  the 
deckhand  starting  a  pump  used  for  washing  decks,  and  in  a  short 

time  a  general  row  ensued,  tlic  engineers  and  firemen  taking  one  side,  "  

and  the  mates  and  deckhands  the  other.  Captain  McAlpine  came 
down  from  the  pilot-house,  quieted  Mr.  Smith  with  the  aid  of  a 
revolver,  and  the  disturbance  ended.  At  Seattle  half  of  the  crew- 
walked  ashore,  McAlpine  remaining  there  awaiting  an  investigation. 
The  official  records  give  the  following  account  of  the  difficulty  : 
"Shortly  after  leaving  port,  trouble  occurred  between  Henry  F. 
Smith,  first  a.ssistant  engineer,  and  the  deckboys,  which  nearly 
resulted  in  a  mutiny.  All  the  officers  became  involved  in  the  trouble, 
and  Mr.  Smith  at  one  time  had,  in  a  manner,  charge  of  the  ship. 
Tills  case  was  carefully  investigated  and  a  decision  rendered  October 
29,  1891,  resulting  in  the  suspension  of  the  license  of  A.  N.  McAlpine, 
master,  for  thirty  days  for  negligence  and  inattention  to  duty  (.section 
4,?;,9.  United  States  Revised  Statutes).  Chief  Kngineer  H,  C.  Lawson's 
was  suspended  thirty  days  for  negligence  (section  4441 ),  James  Hums, 
mate,  suspended  thirty  days  for  misbehavior  (.section  4440),  and  F.  W. 
Patterson,  second  a.ssistant  engineer,  was  suspended  thirty  days  for 
misbehavior  and  inattention  to  duty  (section  4441).  The  licen.se  of 
Henry  V.  Smith,  first  assistant  engineer,  who  was  the  cau.se  of  the 
troulile,  was  revoked  for  misbehavior  and  insubordination  (sections 
4441  and  4450)."  This  settled  the  niatlcr  until  McAlpine's  furlough 
ex])iied.  He  then  took  charge  of  the  Seliome,  but  Smith  in  the 
meantime  had  induced  the  Marine  Engineers'  Association  to  take  up 
his  side  of  the  controversy,  and  the  engineers  on  the  Seliome  immediately  quit  work,  and,  at  a  .special  meeting  of 
tlicir  order,  decided  that  no  member  should  serve  on  a  boat  commanded  by  Captain  McAlpine.     The  American 


Capt.  Hdwaru  ,|.  Kathmo.nk 


'  Frank  W.  Goodhue  was  l)orii  in  Walla  Walla,  Wash  ,  in  i,S6i,  and  at  the  a^e  of  fifteen  wa.s  running  as  purser  of  the  Caribim 
aftii  My,  !)elween  Victoria,  Nanainio  and  Coinox,  ami  was  also  on  the  Maude  on  the  same  route.  In  1S77  he  was  on  the  Willaiiielte 
slfaniers  Occident  and  Champion  and  afterward  on  tile  steamers  John  (,'ales.  /lanes/  Queen  and  Mountain  Oueen.  lie  retired  from 
ste;unhoatiiig  iu  1S7S  and  subseciuently  tilled  a  miinber  of  political  olfices  at  Walla  Walla,  then  going  to  Seattle,  where  he  was 
manager  and  cashier  of  the  Security  Savings  Hank.  Goodhue  afterward  hecaine  interested  with  Capt.  Claud  Troup  in  the  steamer 
('levhonnd  and  is  now  secretary  of  the  company  running  her. 

•Capt.  Edward  J.  Rathbone  was  horn  in  Wans.iu,  Wis.,  in  1862,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  when  a  boy.  His  first 
sieaniboating  was  on  the  steamer  Traveler,  niiining  from  Portland  to  the  Cascades.  He  ran  for  several  years  on  that  route  in 
viiri.ius  capacities  on  difTerent  steamers,  and  left  there  to  go  as  purser  on  the  .Astoria  route.  When  Captain  Troup  was  appointed 
''iiIH-rintendent  of  the  water  lines  of  tlie  I'liion  Tacific,  he  selected  Captain  Rathbone  as  his  assistant,  and  on  his  resignation 
Rallibone  was  ap|)ointed  superintendent  of  the  Sound  division  of  the  company's  lines.  He  held  that  position  until  the  company 
withdrew  from  the  Sound  Imsiness,  and  then,  in  company  with  some  Pnget  Sound  steamboatinen,  leased  the  Oregon  Railway  & 
Navigation  Company's  Sound  steamers  and  carried  the  mail  on  the  Whatcom  route,  afterward  transferring  the  business  to  the 
I'arific  Steam  Navigation  Company.  Captain  Rathbone  then  acted  as  agent  for  the  steamer  Sif^nal.  running  between  Portland  and 
the  Sound,  until  Mr.  McNeill  was  appointed  receiver  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  when  he  was  selected  to  fill  the 
posiiioii  of  port  captain  as  the  successor  of  Capt.  II.  I'".  I'egram. 


til; 


1'i 


;«■: 


Si- 


386 


Z.et^/3  cj  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Brotherhood  of  Steamboat  Tilots  iminetliately  adopted  McAlpiiie's  cause,  and,  at  a  special  meeting  (if  Hailmr 
No.  i6,  at  Seattle,  resolved  to  uphold  him,  and  agreed  not  to  work  on  a  steamboat  where  an  association  engine  ur 
was  employed  until  the  boycott  was  raised.  Hoth  parties  remained  firm  for  several  days,  with  honors  al)out  vwu, 
A  steamer  would  occasionally  get  awny  with  a  lirotherhood  captain  and  a  non-union  engineer,  or  an  associalinn 
engineer  with  a  non-union  captain.  Committees  from  both  organizations  labored  earnestly  to  effect  a  .seltleiiKiu, 
in  which  they  were  finally  successful,  not,  iiowever,  until  the  unfortunate  occurrence  had  aroused  a  public  sentinniit 
which  was  far  from  favorable  to  either  order. 

In  1891  a  new  style  of  marine  craft  steamed  into  the  waters  of  the  Pacific  Northwest.  The  late  arrival  was 
one  of  the  famous  whalebacks,  the  (".  /('.  W'llmotc,  built  in  the  interior  of  Wisconsin,  hundreds  of  miles  from  salt 
water.  This  homely  appearing  craft  made  her  way  through  the  lakes  and  locks  until  she  reached  the  sea,  and 
then  carried  a  cargo  of  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  bushels  of  wheat  across  the  Atlantic  to  Liverpool.  On  her 
return  .she  wiis  loaded  with  material  with  which  to  construct  other  steamers  of  a  similar  type,  and  started  on  a  long 
journey  around  the  Horn  in  charge  of  Joseph  Hastings,  captain  ;  Robert  ,S.  Blauvelt,'  chief  engineer  ;  and  J.  J. 
Chisholm,'  first  a.s.sistant.  The  (".  /('.  W'elmorc  was  two  hundred  and  sixty-five  feet  long,  thirty-eight  feet  luain, 
and  twenty-four  feet  hold,  net  tonnage  1,075.  with  a  dead-weight  capacity  of  3,000  tons.  Her  engines  were 
twenty-six  and  fifty  by  forty-two  inches,  and   she  had   two  Scotch   boilers  eleven  feet  six  inches  in  diameter 

and  length.  Below  the  water  the 
ll'c/more's  lines  were  not  greatly  at 
variance  with  tho.se  of  ordinary  sea- 
going ve.s.sels,  but  the  small  portion 
of  the  craft  that  was  visible  above 
bore  a  striking  re.semblance  to  the 
object  from  which  she  derived  her 
name,  a  whale's  back.  Whatever  the 
good  points  of  this  radical  departure 
might  be,  the  C".  (K  (((/wiw demon- 
strated that  few,  if  any,  more  unlucky 
vessels  have  ever  appeared  in  the 
Northwest.  She  made  a  good  start 
from  the  East,  splashed  her  way 
through  the  "roaring  forties,"  and 
was  undisturbed  by  the  death-dealing 
blasts  which  have  their  headquarters 
off  Cape  Horn,  but  before  she  reached  her  destination  trouble  began.  Her  rudder  was  lost  off  the  California 
coast,  and  for  a  long  time  she  drifted  around  almost  unmanageable,  and  was  finally  picked  up  off  the  mnutli 
of  the  Columbia  by  the  British  steamship  Xambcsi,  which  started  to  tow  her  into  the  river.  The  hawser  parted 
before  they  got  in,  and  the  whaleback  had  a  decidedly  narrow  escape  from  the  breakers  before  another  could  lie 
got  aboard.  Bar  pilot  George  W.  Wood  =i'  left  the  Zambesi  and  went  to  the  Wetmorc,  and  the  steamer  then 
succeeded  in  getting  her  into  anchorage  at  Astoria.  The  Zambesi  was  awarded  nearly  fifty  thousand  dollars  for 
her  .services.  The  damaged  rudder  was  repaired,  and  the  W'ctmorc  continued  her  journey,  reaching  the  new- 
town  of  Everett  with  her  cargo  in  very  good  condition.  She  was  at  once  placed  in  the  coal  trade  and  made 
few  trips  without  running  aground,  crashing  into  a  wharf,  or  colliding  with  some  other  craft.  Her  cargo  .shifted 
on  the  first  voyage  to  vSan  Francisco,  and  about  every  conceivable  accident  which  could  ijefall  a  steamer  cinie 
her  way,  the  grand  A"'"'''  occurring  September  8,  1S92,  less  than  a  year  after  her  arrival.     Capt.  Joseph  Hastings, 

'Robert  S,  lilauvclt,  engineer,  was  liorii  in  Mii-liiKan  in  1H65  anil  coniniunccd  his  marine  career  on  tlie  Great  I<ake.s.  Hi'  was 
chief  on  the  first  whaleback  steamer,  the  Colgate  Uoyl.  K"inK  froin  her  Ui  i\\e  Joseph  I..  Colby,  with  which  he  went  thronKh  llic  .Si. 
Lawrence  Kiver  and  ran  between  Boston,  Hajtiinore  and  New  York.  He  then  retnrned  to  the  Lakes  and  joined  the  C.  II'.  Il'eliiiine. 
witli  which  he  went  from  nnhith  to  I-liiHland  and  Ihence  to  Ihe  I'acific  Coast,  leaving  her  at  Kverelt  iu  March,  KS92,  and  goiiifj  hack 
to  the  Lakes,  where  lie  was  engineer  for  the  .\merican  ,Sluel  Ilar^e  Company,  snperintending  the  e<|uipinent  of  five  wlialciiaok 
steamers,  and  in  1S93  and  iSgi  rnnniiiK  as  chief  of  the  Cliiislo/ilier  ('()/«;;;/)«.(,  between  Milwankee  anil  Chicago,  lie  came  to  llic 
Pacific  Coast  again  in  1.S9.1  and  placed  the  electric  plant  and  machinery  in  the  Cily  of  Freiell,  with  which  he  ran  as  cliief  etiKiiiter. 

'J.  J.  Chisholm,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  1S62  and  commenced  his  marine  service  at  that  place  after  servniK 
an  apprenticeship  at  the  shiplinildiiiK  works  of  Jolni  Roach  in  riiil.ailelphia.  In  the  employ  of  the  Morgan  and  oilier  stcaiiKliip 
lines  he  rose  to  the  position  of  cliief  engineer,  and  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  in  1S92  as  first  assistant  on  the  whaleback  (  )('. 
U'eliHore,  of  which  he  was  afterward  appointed  cliief,  holding  that  iiositioii  until  she  was  wrecked.  He  then  entered  the  works  al 
Kverelt  as  foreman,  and,  when  the  new  whaleb.ick  OVv  0/  Hveiell  ajipeared,  served  on  her  as  first  assistant. 

*  Capt.  Ceorge  \V.  Wood  is  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  Colnnibia  bar  pilots,  having  served  on  nearly  every  pilot  .schonncr 
since  Captain  I-'lavel's  old  Cali/oriiin.  He  w.is  for  many  years  master  of  an  American  ship  before  coiiiinK  to  the  Colmnbia,  and  liis 
thorough  knowledge  of  seamanship  especially  fitted  hiin'for  the  danKerons  work  at  the  mouth  of  that  river.  He  was  master  and 
inanagin);  owner  of  the  schooner  /.  C.  Cousins  when  that  vessel  gave  the  Klavel  monopoly  the  hardest  opposition  it  i  yer 
encountered.  When  the  Cousins  made  her  la.sl  myslerions  cruise.  Captain  Wood  and  I).  H.  Welch  secured  the  Cily  0/ Napa,  wliicli 
was  operated  on  the  bar  as  a  pilot  boat  until  the  appearance  of  the  Oregon  State  .schooner  Covcrnor  flfoody.  Captain  Wood 
remained  with  Ihe  latter  vessel  lUiriiiK  her  entire  career,  and  when  she  was  battered  to  pieces  on  North  Head  he  continued  pilniiiij; 
in  the  service  of  the  Oregon  Railway  S:  Navigation  Coinpanv.  While  so  engaged  he  was  detailed  to  go  to  .Sail  I'raiicisco  on  the 
steamer  .llnsi-an  with  Captain  Howes.  His  terrible  experience  on  that  trip  has  been  told  iu  detail  in  Chapter  XYIII.  After 
recovering  from  the  effects  of  that  disaster  he  returned  lo  the  bar  service,  from  which  he  resigned  a  few  years  ago,  and  served  liira 
short  time  as  master  of  the  ste  inier  A'.  /'.  iilmore  and  as  first  ollicer  on  the  steamship  deorse  W.  Jililer. 


WlIALEIIACK   StRAMRR    "  C.  W.  WbTMORR' 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  cf  Navigation  Company  from  Puyct  Sound 


3H7 


SlKAMKK    "\'ICT0K1AN' 


who  brought  tlie  ste.imer  out,  was  replaced  by  Capl.  John  O'Brien,  ami  while  01  roiilf  from  Tacoiua  to  San 
I'l.iiicisco  she  went  ashore  in  a  thick  fog  .September  ,Sth  on  the  North  Spit,  near  Coos  Hay  bur.  Distress  signals 
wi're  blown  as  soon  as  she  struck,  but,  owing  to  the  fog,  over  twenty-four  hours  elapsed  before  assistance  reached 
liiT,  and,  as  she  was  lying  parallel  witli  the  beach,  the  sea  >y  this  time  had  lodged  her  firmly.  The  crew  were 
tal<en  off  on  the  ninth  with  the  exception  of  Captain  O'Hrien  and  a  watchman,  who  left  her  the  following  day. 
U'Brieu  went  aboard  .several  times 
afterward,  thinking  he  could  lighter 
the  vessel  and  po.ssibly  releaf*;  her. 
Owing  to  her  peculiar  constiuction 
slie  remained  intact  for  many  months. 
The  Oregon  Railway  &  Navi- 
Kation  Company '  s  new  steamer 
I'ictorian  was  built  at  Portland  under 
llie  supervision  of  Capt.  James  \V. 
Troup,  making  her  trial  trip  June  i6th 
ill  his  commana,  with  Henry  I'ape, 
chief  engineer.  She  was  used  on  one 
excursion  on  the  Columbia  and  then 
seat  to  Puget  Sound,  going  round  in 
charge  of  Captains  Troup  and  Anger- 
.slein,  Madison  Welch,  chief  engineer, 
P.  M.  Bucklin,  purser,  Charles  I'etrie, 
steward,  and  was  placed  on  the  Vic- 
toria route.  Captain  Anderson  handling  her.  The  big  crowds  that  had  made  steaniboatiiig  so  profitable  a  few 
years  before  had  vanished,  the  steamer  proved  too  expensive  for  the  trade,  and  was  .sent  back  to  the  Columbia  in 
1.S92.  The  Victorian  is  two  hundred  and  forty-three  feet  long,  thirty-.six  feet  beam,  and  fifteen  feet  hold,  with 
triple  compound  engines  large  enough  for  an  ocean  steamship.  The  steamer's  immense  power  and  fine  model 
gave  her  great  siieed,  and  her  cabin  finishing  and  ecpiipments  were  the  finest  of  any  boat  in  the  Northwest.  .After 
riiiining  a  short  time  her  builder  realized  that  some  slight  changes  were  necessary  in  order  to  projjtrly  utilize  her 
power,  and  she  was  laid  up  pending  these  improvements.  The  affairs  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation 
Company  were  in  very  bad  shape  at  this  time,  and,  before  they  were  straightened  out,  Troup  was  succeeded  by 
Capl.  B.  F.  Pegram,  who  made  no  attempt  to  get  the  Victorian  in  shape  for  service. 

The  Ilwaco  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  constructed  the 
sidewheel  steamer  Ocean  Wave  at  Portland  in  i.Sgi  for  the  seaside  trade 
between  that  city  and  Ilwaco.  The  Wave  was  one  hundred  and  eighty 
feet  long,  twenty-nine  feet  beam,  and  nine  feet  hold,  with  engines 
eighteen  by  eighty-four  inches.  She  was  built  under  the  supervision  of 
Jacob  Kamm,  and,  like  all  of  his  steamers,  had  a  perfect  model,  but 
unfortunately  her  power  was  so  small  that  .she  was  rather  slow.  .She 
has  been  handled  on  the  Ilwaco  route  by  Capt.  Charles  T.  Kamm,  with 
Joseph  Hayes,  chief  engineer.  Several  years  had  elapsed  since  any 
attempt  at  opposition  to  the  Oregon  Railway  6c  Navigation  Company 
had  been  made  on  the  river  between  Portland  and  The  Dalles,  but  in 
1.S91  The  Dalles,  Portland  eS:  Astoria  Navigation  Company  was  organ- 
ized and  launched  two  fine  sternwheel  steamers.  The  Kej^'/i/a/or  for  the 
middle  river  was  .set  afioat  at  The  Dalles  and  was  one  hundred  and 
fifty-two  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with 
engines  sixteen  by  .seventy-two  inches.  Capt.  Fred  Wihson  was  first 
in  command  and  was  succeeded  by  John  McNulty.  Capt.  Fred  Sherman 
handled  her  for  the  next  two  years,  with  Alfred  McCully,  engineer, 
giving  place  in  1X94  to  Capt.  W.  P.  Short.  VVic  Jhillcs  Cily,  on  the 
Portland  end  of  the  line,  was  built  at  that  place,  and  is  one  hundred  and 
forty-two  feet  long,  twenty-six  feet  five  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  hold, 
with  engines  fourteen  by  sixty  inches.  Capt.  vShermau  V.  Short  and  Chief  Kngineer  James  Oilbreath'  were  in 
charge  of  the  steamer  for  the  first  three  years  of  her  existence,  and  for  the  past  year  Capt.  William  Johii.son  has 
had  command.  The  steamers  have  been  very  successful,  as,  under  the  change  of  management  of  the  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company's  water  lines,  all  of  their  steamers  were  withdrawn  from  the  middle  river. 

■''James  OilI>reath,  eu^int^t-'r,  was  horn  in  Ohio  in  186;)  atn!  coiiiineiu'cd  his  itiarhiu  work  on  tlie  CoIutnt>ia  River  in  iSS^^  as 
firiinan  on  the  steamer  Cctietot  Miles,  Koing  from  her  lo  th**  luiitli.  lie  was  afterward  sei'onii  engineer  on  the  Wofidcr  and  hel<l  a 
similar  position  on  the  Telephone  for  nearly  three  vears.  He  li.is  also  served  as  second  cnj;ineeron  the  /^.  .V.  lUiker,  I'ltniiie  and 
A'.  '  ■•(((,  a   rl  as  chief  of  the  steamers  M,iii:aiiil!o,  I'liuiiit  ,.,,,I  /A;//.;.i  Cily,  remaining  «illi  the  latter  \essel  foi  over  three  years. 


JAMKS  CtII.H«i:A  ri[ 


ii' 


■\j 


388 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Paoifio  Northwest 


i 


ALFKRIi    McCn.I.Y 


The  sternwheeler  Ehfood  was  built  at  Portland  in  1891  for  Abernethy  &  Co.,  who  placed  her  in  tlie 
Willamette  trade  in  charRe  of  Capt.  J.  L.  Smith,  who  was  succeeded  by  R.  Young,  and  subsequently  by  Jaims 
I<ee,  who  has  handled  her  for  tlie  past  three  years.  In  1894  she  was  purchased  by  the  I^ewis  River  Transportaiinn 
Company  and  took  the  place  of  the  Mascott  in  that  service.     The  lihvood  is  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  lonij,  tliiiiy 

feet  beam,  and   four  feet  hold,  with  engines  twelve  by  seventytuo 
inches.     The  Woodland  Navigation  Company  constructed  the  small 
steamer  Egalile,   length  seventy-six  feet,  beam  twenty  feet,  depth  oi' 
hold  four  feet,  to  run  to  the  headwaters  of  Lewis  and  Lake  rivers.    Sliu 
was  afterward  purchased  by  Jacob  Kainni.     Capt.  Fred  (i.  Lewis  and 
other  parties  living  on  the  Cowlitz  River  built  the  sternwheeler  Mi-sun- 
jfcr,  length  .seventy  feet,  beam  sixteen  feet,  depth  of  hold  three  kit, 
with  engines  seven  and  one-quarter  by  twenty-four  inches,  for  ilie 
Cowlitz  trade.     Ham,  Nickurn  &  Co.  added  the  //iis/Ur,  length  one 
hundred  and  two  feet,  beam  twenty-one  feet,  depth  of  hold  six  fwt, 
with  engines  twelve  by  thirty-six  inches,  to  their  towing  fleet.    Thomas 
Campbell  has  been  master  since  her  completion.     The  Columbia  & 
Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company  in  1891  launched  the  Columbia, 
the  fine.st  sternwheeler  ever  constructed  so  far  inland,  naming  her  for 
the  stream  on  which  she  was  engaged.      She  was  one  hundred  and 
fifty-two  feet  six  inches  long,  thirty-eight  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  thai' 
inches  hold,  with  engines  eighteen   by  se\  ,.iity-two  inches.  an<l  ran 
between  Northport  and  Revelstoke  until  September,   1894,  when  she 
was  destroyed  by  fire  near  the  boundary  line.    Capt.  John  C.  Gore  was 
in  command  for  over  three  years,  and  Fred  Bell  was  chief  engimcr 
when  she  burned.     The  Shoshone,  completed  near  the  headwaters  of 
Snake  River  in  1866,  had  a  successor  twenty-five  years  later,  when  Jacob  Kamm  and  J.   1).  Miller  built  thi> 
steamer  A'orma  at  Huntington,  expecting  to  handle  an  extensive  business  in  transporting  the  crowds  of  miners 
then  going  into  the  Seven  Devils'  country.     The  Norma' s  experience  was  similar  to  that  of  the  Shoshone,  and  she 
never  earned  a  dollar  while  there.     In  May,  1895,  Capt.  W.  P.  Gray  brought  her  through  tG^.,ewiston  in  safety, 
.  "id  she  will  probably  prove  profitable  in  her  new  field.     She  has  large  carrying  capacity  on  a  light  draught,  and 
is  equipped  with  engines  sixteen  by  eighty-four  inches.     The  sternwheel  steamer  Spokane  was  constructed  on  the 
Kootenai  River  in   1891  by  G.  R.  Gray,  a  railroad  contractor,  and  was  afterward  .secured  by  the  Columbia  iS: 
Kootenai  Navigation  Company,  continuing  in  their  .service  until  1895,  when  she  was  destroyed  by  fire  at  Kaslo. 
She  had  recently  been  com- 
manded   by    Captains    Hay- 
wa.d  and  McMorris." 

Several  very  fine 
propellers  were  launched  on 
the  Columbia  in  i8gi,  the 
most  pretentious  being  the 
Willapa,  which  was  the 
General  Miles  lengthened  and 
rebuilt,  length  one  hundred 
and  thirty-six  feet,  beam 
twenty  feet,  depth  of  hold 
ten  feet,  with  engines  sixteen 
and  thirty-two  by  tliirty-two 
inches.  The  Irahla,  com- 
pleted at  Portland  for  W.  vS. 
Newsom,  was  ninety  feet 
long,  thirteen  feet  beam,  six 
feet  six  inches  hold,  with 
engines  eight,  thirteen  and 
twenty  by  twelve  inches,  and  was  a  very  fast  steamer.  Capt.  Krnest  W.  Spencer  built  the  Cricket  at  Portland. 
She  was  ninety  feet  long,  twelve  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  five  inches  hold,  with  engines  five  and  one-half,  eii;lit 
and  one-half  and  thirteen  by  eight  inches,  and,  like  the  Iralda,  was  quite  speedy.  Finding  no  profitable  route 
for  her  on  the  Columbia,  Spencer  sent  her  to  the  Sound,  where  she  was  purchased  by  S.  S.  NefF,  who  failed  to 


m 

^BHBIB^^PBipBBBB^^PyrtgWBBRrBl^"^^^^^^             ww^SPHW| 

emw^  ■ 

'l^L 

y 

STKAMKK    '■  REllfLATOK  ■■ 


"Capt.  I).  A.  McMorris  has  lieeii  eiiKaxe  1  in  steamboatinj;  in  Uritisli  Columl>in  waters  for  the  past  five  years.  When  i|iiile 
young  lie  followed  the  water  in  the  eastern  provinces  of  Canada,  afterward  abandoning  it  for  the  newspaper  l)nsiness,  in  whid;  li^* 
eugHgeil  at  Kaniloops,  H  C,  (or  a  short  time  after  i  .Miiin)»  West.  Hailiii);  health  compelled  him  to  return  to  the  "  "ter,  and,  after 
working  for  a  short  lime  •■••  .  ake  Kaniloops,  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navi,.;al  on  Coiii('""y, 
serving  with  them  as  master  ami  pilo!  on  their  steamers  on  Kootenai  Lake  and  River  and  on  the  upper  Columbia. 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  cf  Navigation  Company  from  Ptigct  Sound 


3«9 


t^TBAMKH   "  K.  MILKK" 


iiicLt  his  payments,  iiiul  the  steamer  was  ogain  liold  to  Everett  people,  finally  passing  into  the  hands  of  Capt. 
i;.  M.  Harrington.  Charles  Sperry  has  had  charge  of  her  engines  most  of  the  time  since  she  has  been  on  the 
Simiul.  The  steamer  SNomi,  constrncted  at  Chinook  in  iHijo  for  U.  A.  Seaborg,  was  purchased  by  the  Ilwaco 
Uiilway  &  Navigation  Company  in  1S91  and  renamed  the  //jiaco.  She  was  at  once  substituted  for  the  (iiiieial 
(  ,iii/iy  on  the  Ilwaco  route,  where  she  has  since  renmined,  in  charge  of  Captains  William  Starr  and  Thomas 
I'arker  and  Ungineer  Charles  Smith.     The  /htiuv  is  ninety  feet  long,  seventeen  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold, 

with  engines  sixteen  by  sixteen  inches. 

Capt.  J.  VV.  Habbidge,  a  well  known  steam- 
boatman  and  river  pilot,  built  a  handsome  little 
propeller,  the  A*.  Miler,  length  sixty-eight  feet  three 
inches,  beam  seventeen  feet,  and  depth  of  hold  six  feet, 
with  engines  twelve  by  fourteen  inches,  at  Astoria  for 
the  Westport  route.  Captain  Bal)bidge  has  remained 
in  command  of  the  steamer  since  her  completion,  with 
Daniel  Overton,  engineer.  Capt.  John  I'ickernell 
removed  the  engines  from  the  Rival  wwA  placed  them 
in  the  Mayjio-cer,  completed  at  Astoria  by  Joseph 
Leathers.  The  new  steamer  was  sixty-five  feet  long, 
seventeen  feet  four  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  hold, 
with  ten  by  twelve  inch  engines.  The  Aberdeen 
Packing  Company  launched  the  steamer  Dispatch, 
length  fifty-two  feet,  beam  thirteen  feet  eight  inches,  and  depth  of  hold  six  feet  one  inch,  for  u.se  in  connection 
with  their  cannery.  Dennis  Curran  and  John  Nelson,  custom-house  boatmen  at  Astoria,  built  the  handsome  steam 
launch  Oaidenl,  at  present  owned  by  M.  J.  Kinney.  At  Bandon,  Or.,  the  coasting  steamship  Homer,  length  one 
luuulred  ai\d  forty-six  feet,  beam  thirty-three  feet  eight  inches,  and  depth  of  hold  seventeen  feet,  was  set  afloat. 
Ill  the  few  years  since  her  construction  she  has  been  operated  on  nearly  every  northern  route  out  of  San  Francisco, 
and  has  recently  been  running  to  Yaquina  in  charge  of  Captain  Paton.  The  steamer  Coos,  Miwrwan  completed  at 
Mar.shfield  for  R.  C.  Cordes,  and  Capt.  S.  C.  Rodgers  has  been  master  for  the  past  few  years.  Two  substantial 
steamers  which  afterward  performed  good  service  on  Puget  Sound  were  launched  at  Aberdeen,  Gray's  Harbor,  in 
1891.  The  sternwheeler  (V/r  (>/■. //'(7(/c<'«,  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  feet  long,  nineteen  feet  five  inches  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  was 
constructed  for  the  Aberdeen  Transportation  Company.  Capt.  T.  S. 
Tew  was  first  in  command.  She  was  sent  to  the  Sound,  soon  after 
completion,  in  charge  of  Capt.  James  Hennesy,'and  is  now  running 
between  Seattle  and  Olympia  in  connection  with  the  Multnomali.  The 
other,  the  Clan  McPc'ild,  is  a  freighter  ninety-five  feet  long,  twenty- 
four  feet  seven  inches  beam,  and  five  feet  five  inches  hold,  and  is  now 
owned  by  Lilly,  Bogardus  &  Co.  of  Seattle.  The  steam  launches 
Chicajyo,  built  at  Aberdeen,  and  Rambler  at  Montesano,  also  appeared 
on  (iray's  Harbor  in  i8yi.  The  commodious  steam  freighter  Rapid 
Tiansil,  ninety-eight  feet  long,  thirty  feet  eight  inches  beam,  seven  feet 
four  inches  hold,  was  completed  at  Port  Hadlock  for  Frank  McDonald, 
James  Mclver,"  W.  F.  Pettibone  and  Charles  T.  Redfield.  Unfortu- 
nately, after  three  months'  service,  she  was  fired  by  a  cargo  of  lime,  and 
before  it  was  extinguished  burned  almost  to  the  water's  edge.  She 
was  afterward  rebuilt  and  sold  to  K.  K.  Caine  of  Seattle,  by  whom 
she  has  since  been  operated.     Henry  Carstens,''  formerly  an  Oregon 


JAMKS   MClVKK 


'Capt.  James  Hennesy  was  born  iu  Ireland  in  1847.  After  beginuin;;  his 
iiKirine  career  he  spent  three  years  on  Atlantic  sailinj;  vessels,  anil  also  served 
three  years  in  the  United  States  Navy  during  the  Civil  War.  In  1869  he  came  to 
the  Sound  on  the  bark  (lOld  Hunter,  which  went  to  Port  Madison  to  load  luuiber, 
anil,  after  making  two  trips  on  her,  joined  the  bark  /liiena  I'ista,  carrying  lumber 
bi'lween  Port  Gamble  and  San  I'rancisco,  where  he  renniinetl  for  six  months.  He 
tln.n  went  on  the  bark  Gem  of  tlie  Ocean,  carrying  coal  from  Nanaimo  to  San 
I'r.uicisco,  and  left  her  to  again  run  in  the  lumber  trade  on  the  bark  Reveie  and  afterward  on  the  brig  l.iieas.  He  then  made 
a  trip  to  Liverpool  and  on  his  return  went  to  the  bark  Helen  II'.  Almy,  loading  lumber  at  Cementville,  Wash.,  for  China.  He  was 
afierwanl  on  the  following  vessels,  running  mostly  in  the  lumber  trade  :  ship  Laurence,  barks  Oizeyn,  Indian  Empire,  A'ainier and 
ficiieral  Cobb,  remaining  on  the  latter  vessel  seven  years.  He  has  also  served  on  the  steamers  A'ortli  I'licijic,  ( 'ol/a.v,  Holiali, 
Si.  Pittricl!,  Josephine,  Louise,  and  tug  Pioneer.  In  1890  he  went  to  Gray's  Harbor  and  took  charge  of  the  steamer  .Montesano,  and 
ill  1S92  took  the  City  of  Aberdeen  around  to  the  Sound,  where  he  ran  her  for  a  few  months,  and  then  took  the  C'lehatis  to  the 
Sound.     He  then  went  back  to  the  Montesano  anil  is  at  present  her  master. 

'James  Mclver,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1850  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  \i^T^.  having  previously  followed  his 
luiifcssiou  in  the  Mediterranean  trade.  He  worked  for  several  years  on  I'nget  Sound  steamers  and  was  engineer  and  part  owner  of 
tlu-  Rapid  Transit  when  she  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire  at  Taconia  in  1882. 

''  Henry  Carstens  commenced  his  marine  career  in  1885  as  agent  at  Kiparia  for  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company, 
aii'l  was  afterward  chief  clerk  at  that  point  and  had  charge  of  the  commissary.     In  1888  he  was  chief  clerk  for  Port  Captain  J.  W. 


i= 


I 


'J 


390 


Lewis  {J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  thv  Pacitio  Northwest 


jAMKh   FOWI-KK 


Railway  &  NnviKation  Coin|miiy  purser,  was  the  owner  of  the  liatulsome  little  sternwheclcr  Monte  (  //(/o,  Iciitjili 
ninety  feet,  Iwnin  twenty-four  feet,  depth  of  hold  three  feet  nine  inches,  with  engines  ten  hy  forty-eiuhl  inclu  , 
She  was  first  commanded  by  Capt,  George  Hill,  with  Wiilinni  McKenzie,  eiiKineer,  and  is  at  jiresent  owned  .iiid 

operated  hy  V,.  Shelljjren. 

The  steamer  I'it'^il  '/".  /'//Vr,  length  forty-four  feet,  henni  four- 
teen feet,  depth  of  hold  six  feet  four  inches,  was  constructed  at  Ivi^lc 
Harbor  hy  Capt.  Frank  l'rice"'an(l  T.  C.  Pendleton.  She  was  stiiuk 
by  the  steamer  Ohmpiaii  and  cut  in  two  while  lying  at  the  dcMk 
December  6th,  was  raised  and  rebuilt  the  following  year,  and  biiimd 
in  i.Si)4.  Seattle  made  numerous  contributions  to  the  miimr  stt;iiii 
fleet  in  1S91,  among  them  the  Minnk  M.  33.87  tons,  tug  Mys,IU  i-.2\, 
Cyrtiif  15. o,^,  Mayjlower  16.(14,  /v;-i((Xr«  46.04,  .Mag;j<ie  H.  Yaitv  in.sii, 
steam  launches  J'irlia/>s,  A/oiioma.  /.tiia,  Marion  A.  and  Rcnion.  Ca])!. 
W.  II,  ICllis,  who  had  previously  been  interested  in  a  number  nf 
steamers  on  the  Sound,  launched  the  stern  wheeler  lillis,  length  one 
hundred  and  twenty-nine  feet  seven  inches,  beam  twenty-seven  feet 
seven  inches,  depth  seven  feet  four  inches,  at  liallard,  running  her 
on  different  routes  out  of  Seattle  until  1H94,  when  she  was  destmyeil 
by  fire.  The  .sternwheeler  Florence  Henry,  length  .seventy -five  feet, 
beam  twenty-two  feet,  depth  four  feet,  and  the  Occident,  44.01  tons, 
were  also  .set  atloat  at  Ballard.  vSmall  steamers  and  launches  liuilt 
elsewhere  on  the  Sound  in  1S91  were  the  l.itile  Giant  at  Port  HIakely, 
Dandy  at  Port  Orchard,  Rover  at  Olympia,  La  Hon  Ton  at  Kdniuiuls, 
Myra  at  Hoodsport,  /;■.  M.  Gilt  at  North  Hay,  Lillian  A'.  Moore  at 
Tacoma,  ./.  A'.  Robinson  at  Brooklyn,  and  the  Llfin  at  Houghton  on 
Lake  Washington.  Brought  to  the  Sound  from  outside  districts  were 
the  \'olga  from  the  Columbia  River,  the  Francis  Cutting,  Hermosu  and 
Roiie  from  San  Francisco,  and  the  .steam  launches  Regie  and  Laurel  from  Chicago, 

The  steamship  /impress  0/ India  (.see  frontispiece),  the  first  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway's  Royal  Mali 
line  to  the  Orient,  arrived  at  N'ancouver,  April  2.Sth,  in  charge  of  Capt.  O.  Marshall.  The  dimensions  of  the 
India,  as  well  as  of  her  sister  ships,  the  limpress  of  Japan  and  limpress  of  China,  are,  length  four  hundred  and 
eighty-five  feet,  beam  fifty-one  feet,  depth  of  hold  thirty-six  feet,  gross  tonnage  5,700.  They  were  built  by  the 
Naval  Construction  &  Armament  Company  at  Barrow-in-Furne.ss,  James  Fowler"  superintending  the  construction 
of  the  machinery.  The 
Empress  of  India  sailed  from 
Liverpool,  February  7th,  with 
a  large  party  of  excursionists 
bound  around  the  world, 
going  first  to  Gibraltar,  thence 

to   Naples    and    Marseilles,  /Ji. 

through    the    Suez    Canal, 
stopping    at  Ceylon   and   Co- 
lombo, then  across  the  Bay  of  !  ^^- 
Bengal   to  Penang,  thence  to 
Singapore,  China  and  Japan, 

Troup,  but  returned  to  Kiparia  in 
iSgc)  In  1S91  lie  w.i.s  appointed 
purser  of  tile  Olympian,  ran  lliere 
for  a  short  lime,  and  then  became 
interested  with  Capt.  Claud  Tronp 
in  the  iireyhound,  afterward  buihl- 
ing  the  steamer  Monte  Cristo, 
which  he  sold  in  1893.  He  is  at 
present  in  the  shingle  business. 

'"Capt.    Frank    Price   of 

Kdmond.s,  Wash.,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1859  8'"'  commenced  steamboatiug  in  the  Northwest  on  the  I'uget  Sound  stcaiiicr 
Celilo  in  1S80.  In  March,  1891,  he  constructed  the  tug  Virgil  T.  I'ricc,  which  was  sunk  by  the  steamer  Olympinn  the  same 
year,  but  rebuilt  shortly  afterward.     Captain  Price  was  also  owner  of  the  old  steamer  I'irgifiia,  and  is  now  bniUling  a  new  one, 

"James  Fowler,  engineer,  of  Vancouver,  H.  C,  was  born  in  Al)erdeen,  Scotland,  in  1849.  He  served  an  apprenticeship  uilli 
Barry,  Henry  &  Co.  of  that  city,  remaining  there  for  six  years  and  then  joining  the  Holland  line,  between  I,iverpool  and  Montical. 
While  in  that  service  he  passed  llirongh  the  various  grades  from  assistant  to  chief  engineer,  acting  in  the  latter  capacity  for  six  yi  .irs, 
during  which  time  he  superintended  tlie  construction  of  the  machinery  for  the  City  of  (i/osi;ti7i',  Scot/afttl  and  other  steamers.  lie 
remained  in  that  employ  until  1889,  when  he  was  appointed  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  i<ailway  Company  to  superintend  the 
construction  of  the  machinery  for  the  Empress  0/  India,  limprers  0/  Japan  anil  /impress  0/  China.  On  the  completion  of  the  last, 
the  /impress  iif  Cliina,  he  joined  her  as  chief  engineer  and  came  to  tlie  Pacific  Coast,  ami  has  since  been  running  to  Chin. i  ami 
Japan.  Before  coming  to  this  Coast,  Mr.  Fowler  crossed  the  Atlantic  Ocean  250  times  and  never  met  with  the  slightest  misliap. 
His  record  on  the  Pacific  bids  fair  to  equal  that  on  the  Atlantic. 


KovAI.  Mail  SteamsiiiI'  'Kmi-kkss  of  Jai-a.n" 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  ((  Navigation  Company  from  Pugvt  Sound 


39' 


Sthambh  " Comox ' 


iiiul  from  there  ncrosH  the  Pacific.  I'rank  Upton's  Oricntnl  lint-  between  the  Columbia  River  mid  Victoria  vvn.s  in 
viiccessfui  oiieratioii  in  iMi;i  with  the  sti'iiinsliii)  /iimb<\i\  Captain  I'ldwards,  an  old  rciiinsniar  iS:  Oriental  liner, 
(he  /Itiliivia,  Captain  Hill,  and  the  Sussrv,  Captain  Hull.  The  Hritish  .steamship  'J'oi  I'liou,  Captain  Unsworth, 
lioni  China,  and  the  Grniuiliolm,  Captain  Maason,  from  Liverpool,  were  amon^  the  arrivals  at  N'icloria  and 
\  unconver,  the  latter  hriiiKinK,  among  other  cargo,  nmterial  for  two  steel  screw  propellers,  which  were  pnt 
lonelher  at  Coal  Harlior.  Hoth  steanishi|>s  remained  on  the  coast  for  several  months,  carrying  coal  from  Nanaimo 
1.1  San  Francisco  and  acting  as  feeders  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  between  Vancouver  and  the  Columbia 
River.     Steam  colliers  running   north   were   the    U'r//iMx'/i»i,   Captain   Salmond  :    /:i>i/>iri\    Itutler ;    Monlsiual, 

HIackbnrn  ;  and  .Vu/*  /'i.lnt,  llewett. 

The  sealing  industry  furnished  bn.siness  for  two 
well  known  coasting  steamers,  the  Cosla  A'l'ia  going 
north  as  a  tender  to  the  Hritish  war  (leet  from  Dering 
Sea,  while  the  .  //  A7,  Coptain  I'lummer,  was  sent  to 
Alaska  to  be  used  as  a  pri.son  ship  for  captured  sealers. 
The  Quail,  Captain  Carroll,  was  running  to  Alaska, 
and  the  .  //  AV',«  placi'  in  the  Sound  trade  was  taken 
for  a  short  time  by  the  /iiorka,  which  rean])eared  in 
the  north  for  the  first  time  in  many  years.  The  /fay- 
lian  Refiiiblii  was  operated  to  the  Sound  in  opposition 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company.  The  old 
steamship  W'ilmiiigloii  was  in  .service  between  I'ortland 
and  San  Franci.sco  in  charge  of  Iv  J.  Moody,  captain, 
and  Thomas  Moran,  chief  engineer.  She  was  obliged 
to  make  a  trip  in  November  by  way  of  Puget  Sound 
to  replenish  her  coal  supply.  Moody  then  resinned 
command  and  was  succeeded  by  Captain  Jessen.  The  most  important  additions  to  the  local  fleet  in  i8yi  were 
the  steamers  Comox  and  Capilano,  constructed  at  Vancouver,  H.  C,  by  Henry  Darling.  The  Comox  is  a  sloop- 
rigged  steel  jiropeller  one  hundred  and  five  feet  long,  eighteen  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  with  engines  twelve 
and  twenty-four  by  eighteen  inches,  has  accommodations  for  nearly  two  hundred  passengers,  and  a  speed  of 
eleven  miles  per  hour  on  a  coal  consumption  of  four  and  one-half  tons  in  twenty-four  hours.  She  is  running 
liorth  from  Vancouver.  The  Capiluno,  which  was  intended  for  freighting  pnrpo.ses,  was  launched  in  December, 
i.Syi.  She  is  a  sloop-rigged  propeller  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  ten 
feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  thirteen  and  one-cjuarter  and  twenty-six  by  eighteen  inches.  She  has  a 
speed  of  about  nine  miles  an  hour  and  is 
licensed  to  carry  twenty-five  deck  pa.ssengers. 
The  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  who  were 
the  pioneers  in  the  marine  business  in  the 
Northwest,  set  afioat  the  sternwheeler  Cn/i- 
i/oiiia  at  New  Westminster  in  February,  1.S91, 
for  the  Skeena  River  trade.  She  is  one  hun- 
dred feet  long,  twenty-four  feet  six  inches 
lieain,  five  fe"t  hold,  and  was  .sent  to  her  new 
fluid  in  charge  of  Capt.  CVeorge  Odin,  with 
Thomas  Hatherly,  chief  engineer.  For  the 
past  three  years  .she  has  been  commanded  by 
Capt.  John  H.  Honser.  The  A'flson,  the  first 
sternwheeler  on  the  Kootenai,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  the  (iaiciia,  the  first  pa.ssenger 
steamer  on  those  waters,  was  completed  at 
lionner's  Ferry  by  the  contractors  in  charge 
of  the  construction  of  the  Orcat  Northern 
Railway.  She  was  a  well  built  steamer,  with 
Kood  speed  and  carrying  capacity,  and  on  the 
completion  of  the  road,  like  the  Spokane,  was  sold  to  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company, 
and  is  still  in  their  service  betweei»  Nelson  and  Boinier's  Ferry,  Idaho.  Another  small  sternwheeler,  the 
.liiis7forlli,  was  built  by  Hremmer,  Watson  iS:  Jevous  at  Ainsworth.  Her  first  master  was  Captain  Delany, 
who  operated  her  between  Ainsworth  and  Nelson,  disposing  of  her  in  1892  to  Capt.  August  Menenteau,  John 
I'.Uerson  and   John  Campbell,'' who  are  still    handling  her  in  the  jobbing  trad,  on  the  lake  and  river.     The 

"John  Caiii[>l)ell  has  l)eeii  eiiga^eil  in  the  uiariiie  Imsiiie.ss  shice  i>S79.  He  sailed  out  ol  tilas),'OW  in  the  deep-water  trade  for 
several  years  and  was  for  three  years  on  the  (Ireat  Lakes,  lie  went  to  Kootenai  I,ake  in  1891  and  is  at  present  part  owner  of  the 
ML-anier  Aimworlli,  of  which  he  is  mate  and  pilot. 


Stkamkr  "Catu-ano" 


11 


I. 


393 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


\- 


KnOTKNAl  r.AKi-:  Srl:AMKR  "Nfi.son' 


propeller  Kaslo  was  also  constructed  on  the  Kootenai  in  1891  hy  Buchanan  &  Yuill  for  towing  and  jol)hiii^. 
She  is  still  in  commission,  but  has  never  l)een  very  successful.  Other  steamers  launched  in  British  Coluniliia 
waters  in  1891  were  the  Jied  Star  on  Okanagan  Lake,  the  Morn's  for  Naas  River,  the  Eva,  a  fishing  tug,  on 
Gardiner's  Inlet,  the  Nee!  for  Alaska  service,  and  the  Kitdonan.  The  Puget  vSound  steamer  I'hantcm  was 
purchased  by  Captain  Jacobson  and  F.  Jones  and  placed  under  the  British  flag  September  ad,  and  tlic  old  tiij; 
5.  L.  Mastick  was  also  operated 
under  those  colors  by  her  new 
owners,  the  Ross-McL,aren  Mill 
Company  of  Victoria.  The 
William  Irving  was  extensively 
overhauled  at  Victoria,  supplied 
with  new  machinery,  and  set 
afloat  March  4th,  and  the  West- 
ern Slope  was  dismantled.  The 
British  tugs  Lome  and  Pilot 
were  seized  at  Port  Townsend 
for  towing  in  American  waters. 
The  Lome  was  in  command  of 
Capt.  James  Christiansen,  Jr., 
who  succeeded  his  father  when 
he  was  appointed  pilot  in  the 
Victoria  district. 

H.  B.  M.  ship  Warspile 
was  in  the  graving  dock  at 
Esquimau  for  over  three  months 
in  1891,  receiving  extensive  repairs  (see  illustntion  on  page  291).  She  is  the  largest  vessel  which  has  ever  enti^red 
the  dock,  although  several  other  good-sized  craft  v.'ere  there  for  repairs  during  the  year,  among  them  H.  B.  M. 
ships  Champion  2,380  tons,  Nymphe  1,140,  British  steamships  Hounslo-iC  2,297,  /^d'^via  2,553,  " 'ci/  Indian  i,.S()s, 
Mongkut  1 ,354,  Fjanubc  886,  American  steamship  City  of  Topeka,  steamers  ( 'ity  0/ Seattle,  City  ?/ Kingston,  /'irmiti. 
Vosemite,  Islander,  United  States  steamer /'/«/a,  and  the  British  bark  Harvthombank.  The  Covemor  An>,s.  the 
first  five-masted  schooner  in  the  United  States,  arrived  at  Nanaimo,  April  19,  1891.  She  was  built  at  V.'aldboro, 
Me.,  in  1888,  was  two  hundred  and  forty-five  feet  six  inches  long,  fifty  feet  beam,  twenty-one  feet  hold,  and 
registered  1,689  tons.  The  liritish  bark  Embleton  reached  Port  Town.send,  March  13th,  after  a  remarkable  pa.s.^iagt- 
of  613  days  from  Androssar  Storm,  disa.-iter,  contrary  winds  and  sickness  were  given  as  reasons  for  the  repealed 
delays  suffered  by  the  vessel.  She  .sailed  from  Aiidrossan.  July  3,  1889,  and  encountered  heavy  weather,  whicli 
damaged  her  rigging  so  that  she  was  unable  to  roand  the  Cape  and  was  obliged  to  put  back  to  Port  Stanley  for 
repairs  October  21st.     She  got  away  from  there  March  25,  i8go,  and  made  fair  progress  until  April  14th,  when  a 

gale   carried   away  the  foi^  nast,  so  that   she  could  not  get 
'"'  around,    pa.sscd    wide   of    the    Falkland    Lslands,   and   stood 

in  for  Montevideo,  arriving  off  the  La  Plata,  May  3d,  wli(.re 
she  was  caught  in  a  heavy  pampero,  which  stniiried  her  badly. 
On  the  twentieth  she  sen'.red  a  pilot  and  three  days  later  wa.s 
towed  into  Montevic'eo  by  three  tugs.  There  the  cargo  was 
discharged  and  the  vessel  docked  for  repairs,  which  were  not 
completed  until  December,  and  on  the  third  of  that  inoiUli 
she  put  to  sea,  finally  reaching  her  destination.  The  F.mbliti'ii 
had  on  a  former  occasion  achieved  considerable  notoriety  l)y 
arriving  at  Astoria  with  nearly  tdl  of  the  crew  dead  or  dyinn 
from  the  effects  of  a  strange  fever  which  they  had  contracted 
at  Acapulco.  The  old  British  tea  clipper  Oberon  sailed  into 
Astoria,  April  20,  1891.  after  a  record-t>reakiiig  trip  of  twenty- 
four  days  from  Voknha;]!.  The  British  ship;  '.i)>/ii«.  Captain 
Steele,  and  Cockcrmoutli,  Captain  McAdam,  jaced  from  Livi  r- 
pool  to  Astoria,  the  Lorton  beating  the  Cockermouth  by  mv 
day.  The  two  vessels  were  side  by  side  in  plain  sight  of  each  other  for  nearly  two  months,  the  captains 
exchanging  frequent  visits  before  they  finally  drifted  apart. 

The  sailing  craft  built  in  the  Northwest  in  1891  included  the  four-masted  schooners  yI/c/C(»;',  length  one 
hundred  and  seventy-.seven  feet  three  inches,  beam  thirty-eight  feet  four  inches,  depth  of  hold  thirtt^en  feet  the 
inches,  net  tonnage  561.84;  Prosper,  length  one  hundred  and  seventy-seven  feet,  beam  hirt> -eight  feet  Tne 
inches,  depth  thirteen  feet  five  inches,  net  tonnage  562.54  ;  (('.  //.  Talbot,  length  one  hundred  and  eighty-eiglit 
feet  six  inches,  beaiu  forty  feet  three  inches,  depth  fifteen  feet  one  inch,  tonnage  816.75  ;  .itice  Cook,  leng*''  one 


''SR 


Schooner  "Aloha' 


s  ever  eiiti.'retl 

lem  H.  B.  M. 

Indian  i.Sos, 

(/o«,  J'riiiiiir, 

wr  An'<  s.  the 

at  Waklboro. 

;et  hold,  and 

al)le  passage 

the  repeated 

ather,  which 

Stanley  for 

4th,  when  a 

ould  not  get 

and   stood 

ay  3d,  where 

ed  her  badly. 

ays  later  was 

he  cargo  was 

ich  were  not 

that  month 

The  l-.mbhioH 

notoriety  by 

ead  or  dying 

d  contracted 

;/  sailed  intci 

)  of  twenty- 

>ton,  Captain 

from  Livir- 

louih  by  one- 

the  captains 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  cf  Navigation  Company  from  Paget  Sound 


393 


hundred  and  eighty-five  feet  six  inches,  beam  thirty-nine  feet,  depth  fifteen  feet  four  inches  ;  /o/ih  D.  Ta/lanl, 
533  tons  ;  schooner  Aloha,  Capt.  Richard  Dabel,''  length  one  hundred  and  ninety  feet  four  inches,  beam  forty  feet 
two  inches,  depth  fifteen  feet  three  inches,  tonnage  763. ,S2,  at  Port  Blakely  ;  schooner  A.iucont/u,  length  fifty-four 
feet,  beam  sixteen  feet  eight  inches,  dep'.h  nine  feet  one  inch,  at  vSeattle  ;  barkeiitine  Clif/ialis,  length  one  hundred 
and  seventy-seven  feet,  beam  forty  feet,  depth  fourteen  feet  five  inches,  at  Hoquiam,  Wash.  The  barkeiitine 
Ani)>o,  length  one  hundred  and  seventy-.six  feet  four  inches,  beam  thirty-eight  feet  eight  inches,  depth  twelve  feet 
two  inches,  net  tonnage  476  ;  the  schooner  I'o/anle,  length  nitiely-two  feet  four  inches,  beam  twenty-five  feet  nine 
inches,  depth  eight  feet  three  inches,  net  tonnage  92.40  ;  and  the  schooner  liorchead,  length  ninety  feet  four 
inches,  beam  twenty-two  feet  three  inches,  depth  ten  feet  eight  inches,  were  set  afloat  at  Coos  Bay,  Or.  The 
Columbia  River  Fishermen's  Protective  Union  constructed  the  schooner  Pathfinder,  length  seventy-.seven  feet, 
beam  twenty-four  feet,  depth  six  feet.  The  schooner  Transit,  length  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  feet  two  inches, 
beam  thirty-seven  feet  one  ii  ch,  depth  thirteen  feet  one  inch,  net  ton.iage  508.50,  was  completed  at  Ballard, 
Wash.,  for  Capt.  P.  Jorgenson  and  other  San  Franci.sco  parties.  Two  small  schooners,  the  Jama.  G.  lilaine  and 
Mohawk,  were  launched  at  South  Bend,  and  at  Seattle  the  sealing  schooner  Hmnicll  J'clit:,  fifty  feet  long  and 
seventeen  feet  beam,  for  the  Neah  Bay  Indians,  who  have  since  operated  he  as  a  .sealer.  The  propeller  Laurel,  a 
forty-foot  steamer,  was  built  at  Chican,  Alaska,  and  the  .schooner  Aida.  length  one  hundred  and  eighty-three  feet, 
beam  thirty-nine  feet,  depth 
twelve  feet,  net  tonnage 
.S.iS-yS,  at  Port  Ludlow  in 
1 89 1 . 

Misfortune  befell  a 
large  number  of  steam  and 
sailing  vessels  in  1891,  and 
many  lives  and  a  vast  amount 
of  property  were  sacrificed. 
.\  disaster  which  proved  more 
costly  to  the  wreckers  than 
any  other  in  the  Northwest 
overtook  the  splendid  steam 
collier  San  Pedro,  November 
23d,  while  en  route  from 
Comox  to  San  Francisco  with 
4.000  tons  of  coal.  The 
steamer,  in  charge  of  Capt. 
Charles  Hewett  and  Pilot 
James  Christiansen,  struck 
Hrotchie  Ledge,  near  the 
entrance  to  Victoia  harbor. 
She  could  not  be  backed  off, 
and  as  speedily  as  possible 
attempts  were  made  to  lighten 
her.  Captain  Salmond  of  the  Wellinv^ton  went  to  the  wreck  with  a  crew  of  ni  n,  and  a  diver  from  H.  B.  M.  ship 
Nvmphe  went  down  and  made  a.i  examination.  During  the  night  aboi  t  three  hundred  tons  of  her  cargo  were 
removed,  and  at  9:30  the  next  morning  the  steamer  suddenly  sank  in  about  eight  and  one-half  fathoms  astern  and 
four  and  one-half  abreast.  Attempts  to  raise  her  were  at  once  made,  but  so  much  time  elapsed  before  proper 
appliances  could  be  secured  that  .she  havl  become  firmly  im[)aled.  T.  P.  H.  Whitelaw  of  San  Francisco  spent 
nearly  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  in  an  unsuccessful  attem])t  to  float  her,  and  other  divers  met  with  similar 
success.  The  last  attempt  was  made  in  1894,  by  Moran  Brothers  of  Seattle,  who  with  the  aid  of  a  number  of 
immense  pumps,  succeeded  in  securing  a  very  good  start ;  but,  before  their  operations  were  completed,  a  heavy 
sea  destroyed  the  advantage  they  had  gained,  and.  before  they  could  get  their  plant  again  in  working  order,  a 
second  storm  swept  away  a  large  share  of  their  gear  and  a  portion  of  the  stern  of  the  steamer,  leaving  her  a 
hopeless  wreck.  The  bow  and  fortii'ast  of  the  vessel  were  still  in  plain  view  early  in  1895,  and  the  Victorians,  to 
whom  the  unfortunate  craft  had  proved  an  eye.sore,  were  endeavoring  to  have  the  Dominion  Government  remove 
it  with  dynamite.  Pilot  Christiansen,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  steamer  at  the  time  of  the  accident,  made  the 
following  official  report ; 

*'  Left  Union  coal  wliarf  in  Itaynes  Sound  at  <y.yi  A.  M.,  Sunilav,  November  i2,  iSyi.  ilrawin^  twenty-live  feet  aft  ;  roi'.iided 
'I'rial  Island  at  8:00  i'.  M.,  three-fourths  of  a  mile  olT.  Proceeded  two  or  two  and  a  vtua-'ter  miles  (ui  ctnirse,  then  slowed  enj^ines  half 
speed,  and  took  bearing  I'isguard  light,  west   one-half  north.     Slowed   the  engines   to   ilead   slow,  and   hauled  in  towanl  IMsguanl 

'"Capt.  Richard  Ilahel  was  l)orn  in  Germany  in  iS,S9and  serve<l  when  a  lioy  in  the  coasting  and  deep-water  trade  out  of 
'crnuin  ports.  He  also  served  u  year  in  the  (icrnnin  Navy,  where  he  (lualilied  as  a  reserve  lieutenant.  t)n  leaving  the  naval  service 
lie  returned  to  llie  merchant  marine  and  came  to  the  I'acilic  Coast  in  1879  lie  was  first  engaged  on  the  shij.  Fiitiil  X.  Thiiver,  has 
since  been  sailing  in  the  Hawaiian  Islamls'  trade  on  different  vessels,  ami  since  i.Si,i  has  commanded  the  lour-niasted  schooner  .lloha. 


'Sm^^- 


:l: 


l-iAN    I'KDKl)        ON    IIKOTCIIIK    I.KIKIK 


I!     I 


m 


n 


\ 


■=f 


394 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


light,  keepiiif!  it  tbree-qiinrters  of  a  point  on  starboard  bow  ;  both  captain  and  myself  on  bridge,  looking  for  Brotciiie  Ledge  Ijunv, 
the  glare  of  tlie  electric  lights  making  it  difficult  to  discern  objects  ,'°arly.  The  lookout  on  the  forecastle  bead  indicating  sonicthi ml; 
reported  ahead,  gave  the  order  at  once  'bard  astarl)oard'  (thinking  it  to  be  my  boat  under  the  bow),  and  started  to  signal  Hit- 
engine-room  to  stop  and  reverse  engines ;  but,  before  I  reached  the  handle  of  engine-room  telegraph,  ll-e  vessel  struck  the 
bottom,  carrying  her  way,  and  moved  some  distance  before  she  brought  up  bard  and  fast  on  Hrotchie  Ledge.  Thinking  she  wouM 
work  clear  of  the  ledge,  went  full  speed  ahead,  with  helm  hard  astarboa'd,  but  found  she  still  remained  immovable.  Revcrsnl 
engines  and  went  full  speed  astern,  but  without  success.  ' 

The  unfortunate  Evangel,  which  came  into  existence  in  .such  a  peculiar  way,  was  the  scene  of  a  ttrnlile 
boiler  explosion,  October  15th,  while  lying  at  the  wharf  at  3ehonie.  The  steamer  had  been  laid  up  for  the  nij^lit, 
and  Chief  Kngineer  Mann  and  Captain  Morgan  were  on  shore.  Soon  after  tliey  had  left  the  boat  the  !)oiler 
suddenly  exploded,  tearing  the  house  and  upper  works  to  atoms.  Julius  Flint,  the  fireman,  wlio  was  standiii);  on 
the  main  deck  lighting  a  lamp  wheii  the  explosion  occurred,  was  caught  by  the  flying  timbers  and  bruised  and 
scalded  so  that  death  occurred  shortly  afterward.  William  R.  Biggs,  a  deckhand,  was  .scalded  and  injured  from 
inhaling  steam  and  smoke  .so  that  he  died  at  the  marine  hospital  in  Port  Townsend  the  next  day.  (Iils 
Carlson,  employed  in  the  same  capacity,  was  drowned  in  his  bunk  by  the  bursting  of  the  water  tank.  Albert  V,. 
Briggs,  assistant  engineer,  and  David  Ross  and  John  Feeny,  firemen,  were  severely  burned  and  crushed,  hut 
subsequently  recovered.  Charles  R.  Turner,  steward,  and  Joseph  Burrows,  cook,  were  also  severely  scalded. 
The  boiler  flew  from  amidships  in  the  bottom  of  the  boat,  upward  and  forward  over  the  bow,  falling  into  the  bay. 
An  investigation  failed  to  reveal  the  cause  o*"  the  explosion,  as  the  evidence  showed  that  the  fires  were  banked 
in  the  usual  manner  and  that  the  water  was  within  two  itiches  of  the  top  of  the  gauge,  with  a  very  low 
pressure  of  steam. 

The  Piitish  ship  Sirathblaue,  from  Honolulu  for  the  Columbia  River,  was  wrecked  on  North  Beach,  about 
nine  miles  from  the  Columbia  River,  at  5:15  a.  m.,  November  3,  1S91.  The  vessel  was  twenty  days  out  fror.i 
Honolulu,  and  approached  the  Columbia  in  a  very  dense  fog,  which  was  followed  by  a  heavy  gale.  The 
long-continued  thick  weather  prevented  the  master  from  taking  an  observation,  and  his  chronometer  was  defective. 
Soon  after  striking,  the  seas  began  breaking  over  the  deck,  and  the  vessel  was  .soon  battered  to  pieces,  '".le  crew 
remained  with  her  until  the  last  moment,  and  then  started  through  the  .surf  for  shore.  The  first  to  leave  the-  ship 
came  in  on  the  flood  tide  and  reached  the  beach  in  safety  ;  but  Cuthell,  captain  ;  Donald  McLeod,  carpenter ; 
Thomas  Hunter,  cook  ;  R.  Hughes  and  John  Buyers,  seamen  ;  and  H.  Lewis,  a  passenger,  perished  in  the  surf, 
and  Donald  McDonald,  an  apprentice,  received  injuries  from  which  he  afterward  died.  First  Officer  Murray  and 
the  rest  of  the  crew  were  kindly  cared  for  by  the  citizens  of  Ilwaco,  and  the  bodies  of  the  captain  and  his  men 
were  interred  in  the  cemetery  there.  Captain  Cuthell  was  well  known  on  the  Columbia  River,  and  much  regret 
was  expressed  at  his  untimely  end.  He  remained  with  his  ship  until  the  last,  and  after  bidding  Murray  good-liy, 
at.d  giving  him  a  message  for  his  wife  in  England,  said  :  "  I  suppose  this  will  be  put  down  as  another  case  of 
reckless  navigation,  but  God  knows  I  did  the  best  I  could."  The  steamer  Maggie  Ross,  Captain  Marshall,  while 
en  route  from  Coos  Bay  to  San  Francisco  with  a  cargo  of  lumber,  encountered  a  heavy  storm,  which  stove  in  lier 
hou.se,  carried  away  the  boats  and  smokestack,  and  swept  the  decks  clean.  The  vessel  fell  into  the  trough  of  the 
sea  and  became  helpless  and  unmanageable,  her  engines  having  stopped.  H.  C.  Anderson,  the  steward,  received 
injuries  from  which  he  died  December  Sth,  and  Peter  Green,  second  officer,  was  drowned.  Three  of  the  crew 
were  rescued  on  the  eighth  by  the  schooner  Annie  Gee ;  the  following  day  the  H 'ci^/i?.)/ picked  up  the  remaining; 
survivors,  and  on  the  eleventh  the  steamer  Willameltc  Va.uy  towed  the  wreck  into  Vaquina  Bay. 

The  bark  General  /litller,  from  Port  Gamble  for  San  Franci.sco,  November  iSth,  with  a  million  feet  of 
lur"'.,r  for  the  Puget  Mill  Company,  encountered  a  fearful  gale  and  broke  up  December  Sth  about  one  hundred 
niiies  southwest  of  Cape  Arago.  The  crew  left  the  ves.sel  in  two  boats.  Captain  Parker  and  five  men  landing  at 
Cape  Avago  on  the  night  of  Deceiuber  i  ith  in  an  exhausted  condition.  Portions  of  the  hull  and  the  lunOu-r  carfjo 
hung  together  until  December  i-ti.,  when  the  derelict  drift''d  into  Yaquina  Bay  and  struck  the  jetty,  ol  wliicli  it 
carried  av.'ay  about  eighty  feet  and  then  went  to  pieces.  Tiie  American  .schooner  /\'i/sa/>,  Capt.  Henry  Til)lietts, 
from  Port  Townsend  for  Shanghai,  was  caught  in  a  typhoon  and  wiecked  on  Voridino  Island,  in  latitude  35°  5.=;' 
north  and  longitude  131°  11' west.  The  ves.sel  sailed  from  Port  Townsend,  July  4th,  with  a  million  feet  of 
lumber,  and  at  ,^;oo  .\.  m.,  September  6th,  struck  and  immediately  commenced  going  to  pieces,  leaving  the  crew 
barel)  time  to  get  into  an  eighteen-foot  boat  before  the  schooner  floated  away.  They  remained  on  the  rocks  for 
twenty-seven  days  waiting  for  the  gale  to  subside.  As  there  was  no  watt-r  there.  Captain  Tibbetts  and  litre  <  t 
his  men  started  for  the  I.oochoo  Islands,  180  tniles  distant,  where  they  arri\ed  six  dav<  later,  after  having 
three  days  without  water.  They  were  picked  up  by  the  Japa-iese  steamer  Tatyuman,  which  was  di,-patc!ied  by 
the  governor  of  Okamana  Lsland  and  had  previously  rescued  the  rest  of  the  crew.  They  were  taken  to  Kobe  and 
thence  by  the  /unpress  of  Japan  to  X'ic^oria,  The  Nova  vScotian  bark  Sarah,  Captain  Greenhalgh,  frotn  Manila 
in  ballast  for  Port  Blakely,  was  wrecked  on  the  west  coast  of  Vancouver  Island  during  a  fog  and  gale  Novtinlier 
Sth.  The  crew  left  the  vessel  in  the  lifeboats,  and  two  of  the  number  were  lost  in  effecting  a  landing  throus'.li  llie 
surf  The  captain,  who  was  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  baby,  succeeded  in  reaching  shore.  The  Sarali  was  a 
wooden  bark  of  1,142  tons  register,  and  was  seventeen  years  old. 

The  .schooner  Premier,  Captain  Poulsen,  was  wrecked  on  the  Cl'^umagin  Islands,  May  >  K),  v  ith  a  ;''-•.>>'"' 
cargo,  which  was  .sold  with  the  wreck  for  $150,  the  purchasers  saving  the  schooner  and  nearly  all  of  h"r  i"  >.  '"t. 
The  American   ship  Palestine,  Captain  McCartney,   from  Tacoina  for   San  Francisco  with   2,500  tons  of  coal. 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  c?  Navigation  Company  from  Ptigef  Sound 


395 


struck  on  San  Francisco  bar,  June  26th,  receiving  injuries  which  sent  her  to  the  bottom  an  hour  later.  The  tug 
Virgil  T.  Price,  while  lying  at  the  coal  bunkers  near  the  foot  of  Madison  Street,  "^iattle,  December  7th,  was  cut  in 
two  by  the  Olympian,  Captain  Anderson,  and  sank  immediately.  The  Olympian  was  coming  into  her  dock  under 
a  pretty  good  head  and  refused  to  answer  her  helm.  The  Pria-  was  afterward  rai.sed.  The  new  Pee,  which  was 
ciiuipped  with  the  machinery  from  the  steamer  of  the  same  name  burned  at  Seattle  in  i.S8g,  met  the  same  fate  in 
the  Duwamish  River,  March  6th.  She  was  bound  for  the  White  River,  Imt  had  lost  her  propeller  and  was  lying 
at  anchor.  She  was  owned  by  Capt.  Ed  Taylor  and  commanded  by  Capt.  H.  J.  Gillespie.  The  Briti.sh  steamer 
Alpha,  which  was  rebuilt  from  the  Kichmond,  burned  in  1889,  went  up  in  flames  near  New  Westminster, 
September  23d.  The  loss  was  estimated  at  $12,000,  with  an  insurance  of  $5,000.  The  steamer  li.xpress  burned 
to  the  water's  edge  at  Marshfield,  September  8th.  The  handsome  twin-screw  propeller  iMa>y  Kraft  met  a  similar 
end  on  Lake  Washington  near  Yesler  Avenue  at  3:00  a.  m.,  September  21st,  Capt.  John  Anderson  and  Engineer 
Gus  Neaher  narrowly  escaping  with  their  lives.  The  steamer  belonged  to  Captain  Kraft  and  was  valued  at 
$13,000,  with  an  insurance  of  $8,000.  The  steamer  Marion,  on  the  upper  Columbia,  broke  away  from  her 
moorings  May  20th  and  was  carried  over  the  rapids  and  broken  up.  The  Hritish  steamer  Nellie,  while  lying  at 
anchor  in  Howe  Sound,  with  no  one  aboard  dragged  anchor  in  a  gale  March  14th,  and  filled  and  sank  in  deep 
water,  becoming  a  total  loss.  The  steamship  '/.ambesi  collided  with  the  schooner  Fanny  Dutard  on  the  vSound, 
August  23d,  the  Dutard  sustaining  damages  amounting  to  several  thou.sand  dollars.  The  schooner  Sea  dull, 
Capt.  Frank  While,  was  wrecked  on  the  rocks  near  Cape  St.  James,  May  i2tli,  the  crew  escaping.     The  .schooner 


l.illie.  built  at  Essex  in  185 1,  sank 
of  Vancouver  Island,  and  became  a 
( .   O.  IVltitmore,  owned   by   Capt. 
.trance  of  Hilo  harbor  with  half 
Honolulu   in   tow  of  a  tug.     She 
Ward  of   Port   Blakely.     The 
from  Anacortes  for  San  Juan  Island, 
Anacortes,  February  loth.    The 
Sahnond,  met  with  two  serious 
seventy  miles  south  of  the  Colum- 
cisco,  she  lost  her  propeller,  was 
drifted  until  noon  of  the  twenty- 
lighthouse  was  sighted,  northeast 
At  7:30  o'clock  that  evening  the 
and  offered  to  tow  her  to  anchorage 
half  an   hour  later  the  steamer 
ill  tow  for  San  Francisco,  arriving 
Montserrat  got  her  hawser  aboard, 
collided    with    the    Wellington, 


plate  in 
accid- 

witi:    ■ 

/v./. , 

I'aciiic  '  _;• 
The  pas.sei% 


'Ir 


forward  compartment 
cnrred  in  November, 
'I  -haft  November  4th 
SI  .'nmship  Abyssinia, 


Cait.  W.  H.  Skv>tiirk 


in  Dodge's  Cove,  on  the  west  coast 
total  loss.     The  American  bark 
Ruf.is  Calhoun,  stranded  at  the 
a  cargo  of  sugar  while  en  route  to 
was  connuanded    by    Capt.   B.   H. 
steamer  Union,  Capt.  A.  W.  Berry, 
foundered    soon    after    leaving 
collier    Wellington,  Captain 
mishaps  in  i8yi.    April  26th,  while 
bia  River,  en  route  for  San  Fran- 
unmanageable  under  sail,  and 
ninth  when  Cape  Disappointment 
by  i.jrth,  nineteen  miles  distant, 
steam.ship  Sussex  came  alongside 
for  salvage.     This  was  refused,  and 
Afontserral  appeared  r.nd  took  her 
May  3d,  at  io:o(}  p.  m.     Before  the 
the    British    bark    Lady    /\li:abelli 
breaking  one  frame  and  cracking  a 
above  the  water  line.     The  second 
when   the  steamer  was  picked   up 
and  towed  into  Victoria  by  the  San 
one  of  the   first  of  the  Canpdian 


n-  liners,  burned  on  the  AthiUtic,  December  ifttli.  while  en  route  from  New  York  to  I/lverpool. 
.  and  crew  were  rescued  by  the  steamship  Spree,  all  of  them  saving  their  personal  effects. 

Among  iiij  deaths  in  marine  circles  in  iSyi  were  those  of  Capt.  Alexander  1'.  Ankeny  at  Salem,  March 
.';,d,  aged  seventy-eight  ;  Capt.  J,  C.  Brittain,  prominent  in  Pujret  Sound  steaml)oat  history,  at  Concord,  June  ist, 
aj;ed  fifty-seven  ;  Capt.  James  N.  Mcintosh,  for  the  past  eighteen  years  a  Victoria  pilot,  at  that  city,  February 
I' ah,  aged  sixty-one;  John  Melville,  engineer  of  the  tug  W'allouut,  at  .Vstoria,  April  3d,  aged  fifty  ;  Capt.  W.  C. 
.Saunders  of  Tacoma,  who  left  there  to  take  the  whaleback  ('.  \l'.  U'e/niore  to  Liverpool,  in  the  latter  port,  July 
-'ith.  aged  fifty-two  ;  Capt.  J.  N.  Fra/.ier,  who  came  to  t'.e  Pacific  Coast  on  the  steamer  Slinbriek,  at  Portland, 
October  19th,  aged  sixty-two  ;  Capt.  V..  L-  Marshall,  •  iio  reached  the  Coast  in  the  bark  Monniek  in  the  si.xties, 
lost  overboard  from  the  steamer  Arago  while  en  route  from  San  Francisco  to  Marshfield,  August  18th  ;  Capt. 
C,L'"ri{e  A.  Cusaman,  for  a  long  time  master  of  the  Puget  Sound  steamer  Comet  and  who  built  the  /,////(•  for  the 
\\  i.i'  R'ver  trade,  at  KUensburgh,  August  23d  ;  and  Captain  Lyons,  well  known  in  the  Northwest  as  commander 
I'  t'j-  -leamships  .letive,  On'saba  and  Victoria,  at  San  Franci.sco,  March  21(1.  Capt.  William  Renton,  a  very 
pr<  :i  I  -t  S  uro  in  the  lumber  and  marine  business  on  Puget  Sound,  passed  away  July  i8th.  He  was  a  native 
1)1  Pic'  .a.  Nova  Scotia,  and  arrived  at  San  Francisco  in  his  own  shij)  Mary  and  fane  in  183^),  going  from  there  to 
Paget  Sound.  Capt.  John  L.  Butler,  one  of  the  oldest  pilots  on  Puget  Sound,  died  at  Port  Town.send,  aged 
sixty-one.  In  the  early  days  of  steand)oating  on  these  waters  he  served  on  the  old  steamers  Constitution,  l'.li;a 
Anderson  and  Wilson  <i.  Hunt,  and  was  also  pilot  on  the  I'nited  States  steamship  Massachusetts. 

After  a  long  period  of  remarkable  prosperity  the  Oregon  Railway  i\:  Navigation  Company  's  steamboat 
interests  on  Puget  Sound  were  abandoned  in  1892.     The  company  was  now  controlled  by  the  Union  Pacific,  who 


\\ 


396 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwest 


had  delegated  the  care  of  their  water  lines  to  Capt.  B.  F.  Pegrara.  The  D.  S.  Baker  and  all  other  marine 
property  owned  by  the  company  was  removed  from  the  middle  river,  and  a  few  months  later,  when  the  high  water 
prevented  the  operation  of  their  railroad,  the  company  suffered  a  daily  loss  of  several  hundred  dollars  because  of 
having  no  boat  to  handle  business  between  the  Cascades  and  The  Dalles.  A  disagreement  with  employees 
regarding  the  value  of  their  services  ensued  upon  the  inauguration  of  the  new  management,  and  a  large  fleet  of 
grain  vessels  anxious  to  pass  in  and  out  of  the  Columbia  was  delayed  for  several  weeks  pending  the  settlement 
of  the  difficulty,  which  was  not  satisfactorily  adjusted  until  the  tug  Relief  came  up  from  San  Francisco  and 
commenced  towing  on  the  bar,  shipmasters  in  many  cases  paying  her  after  the  Union  Pacific  had  collected  for 
towage  in  and  out.  When  the  Sound  routes  were  abandoned  the  Emma  Hayward  was  towed  to  the  Columbia  by 
the  tug  Escort,  arriving  at  Astoria  in  September,  and  the  Hassalo  was  taken  round  by  Capt.  Cyrus  Herrinian  in 
August.  Capt.  E.  J.  Rathbone,  who  had  ably  filled  the  position  of  port  captain  on  the  Sound,  remained  incliarj;e 
a  short  time,  and  then  chartered  one  or  two  steamers  and  secured  the  mail  contract  to  Bellingham  Bay.  The  old 
sidewheeler  Idaho  was  bought  by  Capt.  Joseph  Hastings,  who  had  brought  the  whaleback  C.  /('.  We/more  out  tlie 
previous  year.  He  operated  her  for  a  short  time  and  then  sold  her  to  Capt.  C.  D.  Brownfield.  Before  leaving  the 
Sound  the  Union  Pacific  made  a  traffic  arrangement  with  the  Puget  Sound  &  Alaska  Steamship  Company,  who 
have  since  handled  their  business.  Capt.  D.  B.  Jackson,  who  had  organized  the  latter  company,  disposed  of  his 
holdings  to  the  Northern  Pacific  in  October, ,  -ul  was  succeeded  as  superintendent  by  Walter  Oakes,  The  steanier.s 
of  the  company  have  since  been  operated  as  ;  t  "  fV  ■  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  system.  This  corporation  wa.s 
not  the  only  bidder  for  the  business  abandontd  Union  Pacific,  and  a  division  of  the  trade  was  made  by 

giving  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navi.gation  Compan>  .'/hatconi,  and  the  Hastings  Steamboat  Company  the  Port 

Angeles  and  Neah  Bay  route. 

Puget  Sound's  marine  commerce,  which  less  than  a  generation  before  had  been  handled  by  a  fleet  of  vessels 
whose  combined  tonnage  for  a  year  was  less  than  that  of  the  arrivals  for  a  single  day  in  1892,  had  registered,  at 
the  Port  Townsend  custom-house,  in  addition  to  a  large  number  of  vessels  coming  from  foreign  and  California 
ports,  the  following  craft  as  belonging  to  the  Puget  Sound  district.  The  net  tonnage,  year  and  place  where 
built,  and  sole  or  managing  owner's  name,  are  also  given:  Steamship  .I/ice  Dlanchard,  349.70,  1890,  Tacoma, 
W.  G.  Heller;  steamers  Angeles,  44.25,  1889,  Port  Angeles,  L,.  B.  Hastings  ;  Biz,  40.27,  1881,  Arcadia,  Edward 
Miller;  Brick.  34.55,  1883,  Seattle,  J.  W.  Tarte  ;  Buckeye,  24.78,  1890,  Seattle,  O.  J.  Wallace;  City  of  Quimy, 
195.40,  1878,  Portland,  Walter  Oakes;  Challen.yr,  25.99,  '885,  Seattle,  Oscar  Holm;  Columbia,  377.94,  1891, 
Little  Dalles,  George  M.  Martin  ;   Cyrus  Walker,  154.25,  1864,  San  Francisco,  Cyrus  Walker  ;  Daisy,  97.87,  1S80, 


Rothschild;  Detroit,  61.38,  1889,  Detroit, 
19.53,  1882,  Seattle,  H.  M.  Race  ;  Edith, 
1859,  Portland,  Walter  '_akes  ;  /;.  W. 
Port  Townsend,  L,.  B.  Hastings  ;  Evangel, 
W.    P.   Say  ward  ;  Francis  Cutting,  ^i).-^). 


Seattle,  Walter  Oakes ;    Discovery,   55.1.=  ,    1889,    Port  Townsend,    L. 

W.  P.  Sayward  ;  Dispatch,  62.14,    1890,  Seattle,  L.  Henspeter  ;  Edna, 

135.99,    1882,  San  Francisco,  Walter  Oakes  ;  Eliza  Anderson,    197.49, 

Purdy,  83. 82,  1888,  Utsalady,  W.  K.  Merwin  ;  Enterprise,  18.83,  1891, 

97.43,  1882,  Seattle,  W.  S.    Mann;  Favorite,   26953,    1868,   Utsalady, 

1889.  San  Francisco,   L.  F.  Gault ;   Grace,  27.22,    1880,  Seattle,  W.   B.  Seymore  ;  "  Garland,  60.33,    1890,   Port 

Town.-end,  L.  B.  Hastings  ;  Goliah,  235.86,  1849,  New  York,  Cyrus  Walker  ;  Harry  Lynn,  45.51,  1881,  Tacoma, 

J.  S.   McMillan;  Isabella,  43-39,    1889,   Port  Hadlock,   Robert  Airey  ; /.  M.  Coleman,  \t,.\i,  1887,  Seattle,  J.  M. 

Coleman;  /.   E.   Boyden,   53.08,    1888,   Seattle;    /.   A'.    McDonald,   214.82,    1890,    Ballard,   C.    H.    Pennington; 

/.  C.  Brittain.  96.86,  1885,  Seattle,  E.  E.  Caine  ;  Kootenai,  268.52,  1885,  Little  Dalles,  Wash.,  H.  M.  McCartney; 

Katie,  27.75,  San  Franci.sco,  W.  H.  Hansen  ;  Lottie,  30.17,  1882,  Cypress  Island,  S.  Sweeney  ;  L.f.  Perry,  39.1)8, 

1875,  Port  Gamble,  S.  Baxter;  Michigan,  21.05,  1885,  Portland,  James  Nugent;  Mela,  25.48,  1888,  Lake  Bay, 
Wash.,  C.  O.  Lorenz  ;  Mogul,  61.60,  1886,  Tacoma,  J.  H.  Stetson  ;  Mabel,  114.79,  1889,  vSeattle,  E.  A.  Swift; 
Mystic,  27.23,  1881,  Eagle  Harbor,  H.  H.  Morri.son  ;  Monticcllo,  174.92,  1892,  Ballard,  Z.  J.  Hatch  ;  Nellie,  55.03, 

1876,  Seattle,  John  A.  Campbell  ;  Occident,  44.01,  1890,  Ballard,  F.  O.  Woodward  ;  Politkofsky,  174.89,  1866,  Sitka, 
William  Renton  :  Pearl.  53.91,  1884,  Seattle,  A.  J.  Edwards  ;  Phantom.  28.1 1,  1868,  Port  Madison,  W.  H.  Stimson  : 
Perhaps,  5.6s.  1891,  Seattle,  G.  E.  Budlong  ;  Puritan,  14.18,  1887,  Portland,  D.  Dry.sdale  ;  Queen  City.  t,:-,.i^6. 
1883,  Seattle,  W.  C.  Stetson  ;  A'apid  Transit,  82.33,  '891,  Port  Hadlock,  E.  E.  Caine;  Rosie  Olsen.  33.05,  uS8h, 
East  Portland,  N.  Hodgson;  Richard  Holyokc,  90.94,  1877,  Seabeck,  E.  P.  Blake;  Rainier,  51.54,  1877, 
Seattle,  O.  J.  Carr  ;  Saranac,  9.70,  1878,  Whatcom,  J.  W.  Blake  ;  Shou  Fly,  27.32,  1881,  Coupeville,  H.  J.  Auly  ; 
Sarah  .M.  Renton,  ea.^-.  1889,  Port  Blakely,  William  Campbell;  Susie,  42.12,  1879,  Seattle,  W.  S.  Bowen  ; 
.San  fuan.  2^.41).  1887,  East  Portland,  George  i\.  Hall;  .S'.  L.  Mastick,  106,50,  1869,  Port  Di.scovery,  W.  C. 
Hammond;  Seattle,  6.^2.  188 1,  Seattle,  W.  R  Tarte;  Triumph,  66.97,  '889,  Lynden,  C.  M.  Maltby  ;  Tacoma, 
128.42,  1876,  San  P'rancisco,  E.  P.  Blake;  Tyee,  158.17,  1884,  Port  Ludlow,  E.  P.  Blake  ;  Utsalady,  33.26,  1884, 
Utsalady,  John  M.  Collins;  IV.  F.  Munroe,  99.81,  1883,  Seattle,  E.  W.  Smith;  W.  K.  Merwin,  166.04,  1883, 
Seattle,  Walter  Oakes  ;  Washington,  193.08,  i88r,  Vancouver,  Walter  Oakes  ;  Wasp,  15.66,  1890,  ICagle  Harbor, 
A.    P.    Spaulding  ;    Wanderer,    125.01,    1890,    Port  Blakely,    E.   P.   Blake;    Wilduood,    26.79,    1884,    Portland, 

"Capt.  W.  B.  Seymore  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1.S50,  and  after  coming  west  enKaged  in  steamboatinK  on  the  Colnralo 
River.  He  went  from  there  to  Puget  Sound,  where  he  ran  for  a  short  time  on  llie  steamer  I.indcn,  Koing  from  her  to  they.  />'.  /  .''ij 
and  a  nnmljer  of  other  well  known  Puget  Sound  steamers.  He  lias  t)een  interested  in  several  boats  as  owner  and  part  owner  .mil 
has  always  been  very  successful  in  operating  them.  At  the  present  time  he  is  running  the  steamer  O'race  out  of  Seattle,  and  in. ekes 
his  home  at  Chico,  Kitsap  County,  Wash. 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  c?  Navigation  Company  from  Puget  Sound 


397 


I,.  B.  Hastings;  Yakima,  173.54,  1874,  Port  Gamble,  Cyrus  Walker  ;  City  0/  Kingston,  »i(y.T,^,  1884,  Wilmington, 
Del,  Walter  Oakes ;  City  0/  Seattle,  qi2iT„  1890,  Philadelphia,  Walter  Oakes  ;  Pioneer,  Ho.^'i,  1887,  Philadelphia, 
E.  P.  Blake  ;  Cliinook,  10.82,  1889,  Astoria,  H.  A.  Williams  ;  Fleetwood,  67.70,  1881,  Portland,  U.  B.  Scott ;  Flyer, 
jso.44,  1891,  Portland,  U.  B.  Scott;  George  E.Starr,  336.63,  1879,  Seattle,  W.  W.  Cotton;  Jfassalo,  350.85, 
1S80,  The  Dalles,  W.  W.  Cotton  ;  Idaho,  178.82,  i860.  Cascades,  W.  W.  Cotton  ;  Maid  0/  Oregon,  91.88,  1888, 
Astoria,  B.  Grounds;  North  Pacific,  345.46,  1871,  San  Francisco,  W.  W.  Cotton;  Rabboni,  48.61,  1865,  San 
Francisco,  P.  B.  Cornwall;  Seliome,  615.21,  1889,  Portland,  W.  W.  Cotton;  Collis,  102.77,  '889,  San  Franci.sco, 
K.  S.  Douty  ;  Premier,  602.05,  1887,  vSan  Francisco,  E.  W.  .Spencer;  Advance,  46.52,  1889,  Whatcom,  vSamuel 
I.indsey  ;  Al  Ki,  48.69,  1889,  Seattle,  C.  Van  Horn  ;  A.  R.  Robinson,  43.56,  1890,  Brooklyn,  R.  S.  Robin.son  ;'■■ 
Annie  M.  Pence,  95.15,  1890,  Lynden,  C.  M.  Maltby  ;  Colfax,  83.30,  1865,  Seabeck,  Marshall  Blinn  ;  City  of 
Seattle,  186.96,  1888,  Portland,  Thomas  Kwing  ;  Cascade,  64.54,  1S84,  Seattle,  John  Watson  ;  City  of  Aberdeen, 
138.27,  1891,  Aberdeen,  Thomas  Tew  ;  Clan  AfcDonald,  118. 13,  1891,  Aberdeen,  G.  S.  Thomas;  C.  C.  Calkins, 
29.85,  1890,  Seattle,  L,.  F.  Menage  ;  Clara  liroivn,  11 1.86,  1886,  Tacoma,  J.F.Copley;  City  of  Ellcnsburg, 
188.92,  1888,  Pasco,  W.  R.  Abrams;  City  of  Stamvood,  124.81,  1892,  Stanwood,  Robert  Airey  ;  />//a,  53.45,  1888, 
Stanwood,  J.  R.  Thompson  ;  F.lfin,  22.91,  1891,  Pontiac,  J.  F.  Curtis  ;  F.stclla,  20.22,  1885,  Tacoma,  L.  F.  Cook  ; 
I'.llis,  199.28,  1 89 1,  Ballard,  W.  H.  Ellis;  Fannie  Lake,  1 18.81,  1875,  Seattle,  J.  Green  ;  Florence  Henry,  79.66, 
1.S91,  Ballard,  P.  Larsen  ;  Forsaken.  46.04,  1S91,  Seattle,  E.  E.  Caine ;  Fairhavcn,  240.57.  1.S89,  Tacoma, 
\V.  O.  Chapman;  Greyhound,  166.96,  1890,  Portland,  F.  W.  Goodhue;  Glide,  78. 54,  1883,  Seattle,  J.  F. 
Vanderhoof;  Henry  Railey,  209.59,  1888,  Tacoma,  W.  O.  Chapman;  lola,  26.22.  1885,  Hig  Skookum,  Thomas 
Redding;  foscphine,  64,53,  1878,  Seattle,  M.  L.  Lewis;  Kirkland,  117.65,  1882,  Lake  Washington,  A.  F. 
Hass ;  Louise,  129.77,  J883,  Seabeck,  F^  P.  Blake; 
L.  A.  Richardson;  Lissie  A.,  33.88,  i8go,  Hende- '^r 
X.  Hartman  ;    .Messenger,  90.11,    1876,   Olynipia,   H.   Wii 

H. 


.Samuel  Willey  ;  Mamie,  43.03,  1887,  Snohomish 
Charles  Kraft;  Margey,  194.41,  '^^.S.  Portland,  W. 
Carstens  ;  Mountaineer,  52.94,  1883,  Chinook,  C. 
A.    F.    McLaine :    May  Queen,    47.99,    i886,    Seattle, 


,ttle,  aud  in. ikes 


Lena  Maud,  36.48,  1887,  Lake  Washington, 
Bay,  C.  Brotsch  ;  Lillie,  86.80,  1887,  Seattle, 
ester;  Multnomah,  278.25,  1885,  East  Portland, 
iv.  Jones  ;  Mary  Kraft,  36.60,  1890,  Seattle, 
L.  Stetson;  Monte  Cristo,  126.08,  1891,  Ballard,  Henry 
D.  Stimson  ;  Mollie  /Sleeker,  238.72,  1889,  Tacoma, 
Peter  C.  Kildell  ;  Mary  F.  Pcrley,  127.58,  1888,  Point 
Williams,  Thomas  Redding;  Nootsack,  35.93,  1888,  Lynden,  Eugene  T.  Smith;  Otter,  104.27,  1874,  Portland, 
R.  G.  Brown  ;  Rip  Van  Winkle,  21.08,  1877,  Astoria,  1).  N.  Holden ;  State  of  Washington,  449.68,  i.SSg,  Tacoma, 
W.  O.  Chapman;  Skagit  Chief,  241.17,  1887,  Tacoma,  W.  O.  Chapman;  Snogralmic,  69.87,  i8yo,  .Seattle, 
City  of  Seattle;  Doctor.  20.25,  '8go,  Olynipia,  John  Cromb  ;  Virgil  T.  Price,  21.07,  '•'^92,  Seattle,  F.  X.  Price; 
l(7///(?,  55.94,  1883,  Seattle,  Samuel  L.  Willey;  Wasco,  214.59,  '887,  Hood  River,  Samuel  A.  Hoyt ;  Zephyr, 
109.75,  1871,  Seattle,  William  Hansen  ;  Bailey  Gatzert,  444.32,  1890,  Ballard,  U.  B.  .Scott  ;  Thomas  A.  Nixon, 
477.48,  1888,  Pasco,  A.  W.  Kreek  ;  Abe  Perkins,  8.19,  1890,  Seattle,  R.  W.  Riddle;  Alta,  5.81,  1890,  Eagle 
Harbor,  John  Rus.sell ;  Albert  Lea,  10.38,  188S,  Gig  Harbor,  C.  S.  Bridges;  Augusta,  12.70,  1882,  t-eattle,  J.  A. 
Finch;  /iessie,  8.25,  1886,  Tacoma,  George  S.  Brown;  /Hue  Star,  16.25,  1892,  Tacoma,  Peter  Foss  ;  Ci/y  of 
l.alona,  12.01,  1890,  Seattle,  O.  Mitchelson  ;  Des  Moines,  15.75,  1889,  Tacoma,  .M.  C.  Wright;  /luck  Hunter, 
7.18,  1885,  Utsalady,  \V.  J.  Cattel ;  E.  M.  Gill,  13.55,  '895,  Vaughn,  John  C.  Gill  :  /uiith  E.,  1603,  Houghton, 
A.  F.  Haas;  Halys.  6.82,  18,86,  .\storia,  M  G.  Buckle.\  ;  /nivorite,  (7.11,  1888,  Vashon  I.sland,  H.  N.  Morri.son  ; 
Hornet,  7.61,  1890,  Seattle,  A.  P.  .Spaulding  ;  fcssie.  5.91,  1881,  Seattle,  George  S.  Allen  ;  /\athcrine,  14.25,  1890, 
Poiiliac,  J.  C.  O'Connor;  /.atona,  13.19,  1890,  Seattle,  C.  P.  Stone;  Laura,  8.10,  1891,  Alaska,  M.  L.  .Sprague  ; 
Mocking  llird,  15.79.  1889,  Tacoma,  V,.  V>.  Ferris;  .l/ay/louer,  16.04,  1894,  Seattle,  W.J.Stevenson;  Maggie  //. 
Yiirro,  10.86,  1892,  Seattle,  J.  M.  Downs;  Mikado.  19.90,  1886,  Portland,  C.  E.  Bergman;  /'rogress,  8.41,  1891, 
.\l)trdeen,  D.  W.  Do1)bins  ;  /Jutland.  16.22,  18H3,  Portland,  M.  C.  Thompson;  Quickstep.  11.89,  18S2,  Astoria, 
().  H.  Hansen;  Regie,  10.45,  1890,  Chicago,  M.  Bell;  /bustler,  15.33,  1887,  Hoquiam,  G.  H.  Emerson;  Success, 
6.57,  1886,  Utsalady,  Frank  Mayo;  Sophia,  16.54,  1S84,  Lake  Bay,  F.  W.  Bibbins  ;  Villic,  16.76,  18S3,  Seattle, 
J.  A.  Carr  ;  Violet,  8.56,  1887,  Seattle,  W.  J.  Stevenson  ;  Cyrene,  15.03,  L.  J.  Coleman  ;  liarks  Ceylon,  646.95, 
1S56,  Boston,  Rufus  Calhoun  ;  ^'arondelet,  1,376.03,  1872,  Newcastle,  Me.,  Cyrus  Walker  ;  Cou/itz,  740.22,  1881, 
Huh,  Me.,  Cyrus  Walker  ;  /'resno.  i,i.S7.02,  1874,  Bath,  Me.,  Cyrus  Walker;  Matilda.  81932,  1857,  Searsport, 
Ml'.,  Rufus  Calhoun;  Richard  ///.,  954.08,  1859,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  James  Mclntyre  ;  Vopgallant,  1,228.61, 
iSfi3,  East  Boston,  Mass.,  William  Rcnton  ;  Coryphene,  771.01,  i  178,  Millbridge,  Me.,  G.  W.  Hume;  /inoch 
t'albot,  1,193,52,  1889,  San  Francisco,  Iv  E.  Kentfield  ;  I /ope,  75;  76,  1862,  Bucksport,  Me.,  W.  Iv  HoUaway  ; 
Melrose,  943.70,  1863,  Jvist  Boston,  Ma.ss.,  J.  Schoeiifield  ;  Snoic  C''  /iurgess,  1,577.57,  1878,  Thomaston,  Me., 
A.  P.  Lorentzen  ;  Harvester.  1,428.32,  1875.  Bath,  Me.,  A.  P.  Lorentzen  ;  Arcturus,  1,007.21,  1866,  Kennebunk, 
Ml-.,  E.  p.  Blake;  Arkwright.  1,209.95,  ''^.SS,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  Cyrus  Walker;  /ioiianza,  1,292.72,  1875.  Bath, 
Ml-.,  Cyrus  Walker  ;  Canada,  1,144.66,  1859,  Bath,  Me.,  W.  H.  Han.son  ;  fames  Chcslon,  948.45,  1854,  Baltimore, 
C\  rus  Walker;  .Uary  Glover.  700.70,  1S49,  Boston,  C.  A.  Moore;  A'onanlum,  1,099.59,  1866,  Newburyport, 
Muss.,  H.  L.  Vesler  ;  Northwest,  489.52,   1868,  Port  Madison,   H.   L.   Vesler  ;  Oakland,  507.72,  1865    Bath,  Me., 

'^Ru-liard  S.  UobiiisDii,  engineer,  was  luirn  in  New  York  ill  iSb6  and  I'oiiiiiiL'iioed  his  iiiariiit- Miirk  011  the  Atliimi:'  Cmisl  wlu-ii 
ii  iioy.  He  came  lo  llie  I'aciru- Ciiasl  in  kSSs  and  was  lirsl  en^aijed  on  the  liiK  Tdcotiui  as  <leekliand  and  afterward,  on  tl\j  Moiiiil 
and  /.ephyr,  and  as  nrenian  on  tile  steamers  liliza  Andeison  and  Idaho.  In  1891  he  bnilt  the  Bteiuner  .•/.  A'.  Robimon,  wiih  wh.,  li 
In  has  since  been  i-onnectcd. 


Ill  I'M 


'!  r  . 


% 


!:.    i 


1     *' 


398 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


W.  P.  .Sayward  ;  Palmyra,  1,299.30,  1876,  Bath,  Me.,  Cyrus  Walker;  R.  K.  Ham,  541.83,  1874,  Port  Blakely, 
William  Reiiton  ;  Saj^amore,  1,274.46,  1856,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  Cyrus  Walker  ;  Sliirky,  996.62,  1850,  Medfonl, 
Mass.,  W.  H.  Hau.son  ;  Tidal  Wave,  573.24,  1869,  Port  Madison,  H.  h.  Ye.sler  ;  Videtle,  585.86,  1864,  Bath,  Mc, 
H.  L.  Yesler ;  Memnoii,  806.66,  1858,  Boston,  Leon  Btum  ;  Templar,  910.48,  1858,  Medford,  Mass.,  J.  I). 
Cornwall;  ships  Guardian,  1,072.55,  1863,  Daniari.scotta.  Me.,  K.  P.  Blake;  Prussia,  1,172.03,  1868,  Bath,  Mu., 
William  Renton  ;  Pelle  O'Prien,  1,807.77,  1S75,  Tlioraaston,  Me.,  Ivdward  O'Brien;  Commodore,  1,909.06,  1879, 
Yarmouth,  Me.,  N.  A.  Boole;  Eclipse,  1,535.5.^,  1878,  Bath,  Me.,  Andrew  Anderson  ;  C.  F.  Sargent,  1,638.21, 
1874,  Yarmouth,  Me.,  George  Iv.  Plummer  ;  I'atlcy  Porge,  1,226.35,  1862,  Pittston,  Me.,  W.  A.  Boole;  Dashing; 
Wave,  1,012.14,  1853,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  VV.  H.  Hanson;  Jeremiah  Thompson,  1,831.25,  1854,  Williamslnirt;, 
N.  Y.,  C.  A.  Moore  ;  Mercury,  1,098.38,  1851,  New  York,  William  Renton  ;  barkentines  Amelia,  378.07,  i.Syn, 
Coos  Bay,  J.  A.  Campbell  ;  Charles  /•'  Crocker,  812.59,  1890,  Alameda,  John  Simpson  ;  Catherine  Sudden,  ^iCyy.sT. 
1S78,  Port  Ludlow,  K.  N.  Holmes;  ( iconic  C.  Perkins,  369.18,  1880,  Coos  Bay,  H.  Ackerman  ;  John  Smith, 
564.53,  1882,  Port  Blakely,  E.  Nel.son  ;  k'atie  Plickinger,  448.84,  1876,  Seattle,  S.  B.Peterson;  Modoc,  ^it^.-i^.. 
1873,  Utsalady,  P.  Basoh  ;  Wrestler.  447.13,  1880,  Port  Ludlow,  W.  G.  Hall;/.  M.  Griffiths,  574.98,  1882, 
Seabeck,  E.  P.  Blake:  Klickitat,  468.59,  18S1,  Coos  Hay,  Cyrus  Walker;  Retriever,  530.82,  1881,  Seabeck,  IC  1". 
Blake;  brig  I.udlo-,c,  4i,S  76,  1S89.  Port  Gamble,  J  H.  Stet.son  ;  .schooners  American  Ranger,  21.66,  iH.s;, 
Dewalto,  Karl  Halyer  ;  C.  C.  Perkins,  25.38,  1874,  Seattle,  Dokobiss  (Indian)  ;  Cora  May,  12.43  1888,  Seattle, 
C.  W.  Carter;  Emily,  19.22,  18S4.  Deception  Pass,  Benjamin  Vk;  Jennie,  15.03,  1875,  San  Francisco,  John 
Elwood  ;  Nootka,  10.03,  18S6,  Port  Blakely,  Indian  Charley  ;  North  Star,  8.53,  1889,  San  Juan,  B.  S.  Haniia  ; 
Rustler,  46.05,  1883,  East  Sound,  J.  N.  Fry;  Siena.  26.49,  1854,  Marysville,  Cal.,  Thomas  Carlyle  ;  Spokane. 
613.43,  1890,  Port  Blakely,  Cyrus  Walker;  Teaser.  33.27,  1S74,  Cascades,  Or,  S.  Baxter;  Alice  Cook,  732.07, 
1 89 1,  Port  Blakely,  A.  H.  Higgins ;  Carrier  Po:e.  672.19,  1890,  Jacob  Jensen;  Cornelius.  14.17,  1884,  San 
Francisco,  William  Ellis;  Governor  Ames,  1,689.84,  i8,SS,  Waldborough,  Me.,  C.  H.  IJavis  ;  R'ing-  Cyrus,  667.19, 
1S90,  Port  Blakely,  James  Tuft  ;  Ponis,  S19.80,  1888,  Xorth  Bend,  Or.,  Samuel  Perkins;  Prosper,  562.54,  1891, 
Port  Blakely,  H.  Madison;  Peerless,  232.65,  1878.  Garden  City,  Or.,  James  Tuft;  Robert  Searfcs,  578.05,  188.S, 
Port  Blakely,  James  Tuft;  Sophia  Sutherland,  148.97,  1889,  Tacoma,  C.  E.  S.  Wood;  William  F.  Witzmanii. 
449.55,  1887,  Fairhaven,  Cal..  James  Madison  ;  Anaconda,  40.09.  1891,  Seattle,  Andrew  Lawson  ;  Allie  /.  .I(i;cr, 
75.45,  1886,  Seattle,  J.  C  Nivon  ;  En/nictt  Felit~,  30.93,  1891,  Seattle,  Fred  E.Sander;  George  lf7/('/r,  35.72, 
1890,  Port  Madison  J.  Chenowith  ;  Henry  Dennis,  91.55,  1883,  Essex,  Mass.,  J.  C.  Nixon;  Helen,  27.82,  1892, 
Seattle,  E.  Simpson  ;  James  G.  Swan,  44.33,  C.  Peterson  ;  Lottie,  28.69,  1S68,  Utsalady,  J.  Clapanhoo  ;  Maggie, 
30.26,  1878,  Samish,  G.  F.  Hess;  Moonlight.  68.22,  1890,  Siu.slaw,  Al  Ingles;  Mary  Parker,  58.50,  i,S76, 
Utsalady,  W.  Irving;  Matilda,  2^.21,  1892,  Port  Angeles,  P.  F.  Nordy  ;  Osprey,  34.53,  1892,  Ballard.  J.  W. 
Sutton  ;  Prosper.  23.20,  1892,  Anacoues,  George  Linn  ;  Willard  Ainsworth.  40.02,  1892,  Seattle,  W.  O.  Decker: 
G.  W.  Watson,  \-x,o.\^,  1890,  Fairhaven,  Albert  Rov    ;  Lena  Sweazey,  243.85,  1883,  Eureka,  Cal.,  W.  J.Sweazey. 

The  following  small  schooners  and 
•sloops  are  also  registered  at  Port 
Townsend  :  Wave.  Young  &  Marble. 
Alexandra,  .imateur,  Annie  Gray. 
August  Anine.  Annie,  Alice,  .IniKi. 
Battie,  [iirdie.  liig  Six,  Cora,  Cliini 
Pell,  Caroline,  Commodore.  Dart,  Echo. 
Enterprise,  Fearless.  Finland.  Floni. 
Gypsy,  Gyda,  Hero,  /nduslry.  Idler. 
Juno.  Lady  George,  Lillic,  LiUioii 
Starr,  Marnueritc,  Mist,  Afargarcl, 
.Uaring,  Mayflo;,cr,  Morning  Star. 
Mc/^aren,  Mary  E.,  Never  Touched 
Me,  A'ever  Mind,  Ohio,  Olof  Johnson. 
Pilgrim,  Puritan,  Prospector,  Rocka- 
way,  Sehome,  Sunfish,  Schuttee,  Scii 
Gull,  Tyee,  Top,  V'enia,  Vivian,  Vioht. 
W.&F.,  Wabash,  Wanderer,  Eswrt 
and  Marjorie.  The  figures  given  :is 
year  when  built  are  taken  from  the  records,  but  in  a  few  cases  apply  to  the  year  when  the  ves.sel  was  last  rebuilt. 
Of  the  foregoing  fleet  the  following  vessels  were  built  on  the  Sound  this  year :  At  Ballard — the  sternwheekr 
Florence  Henry,  seventy  feet  long  and  eighteen  feet  beam,  for  Capt.  T.  H.  McMillan,"'  in  twenty-five  days,  liy 


ST1.:.\M|.:R   "(lEOKfilK   OAKKH"   ON   CM-HK    I>*Al.hNl.;   I.AKK 


'"Capt.  T.  H  McMillan  of  Siiolioiiiisli,  Wasli.,  was  horn  in  Oregon  in  185S  and  commenced  steanilionting  on  I'uget  Soiiml  ,is 
decklianil  on  tlie  slcimer  t'DWC/ in  1.S78.  He  afterward  ran  as  male  on  llie  steamers  yo.vt'/iAiwc,  (iem,  l.illic,  City  0/  Qiiiiicr  .\a>\ 
Cascotii-s.  and  was  .ilso  master  of  tile  latter  steamer  and  the  (ileaiiti.  He  constrncted  the  steamers  Mamie  and  Indiana,  which  lie 
operated  on  the  .Sk.agit  ronte,  afterward  taking  charge  of  the  Florence  Henry.  About  two  years  ago  he  completed  the  steamer  IliIhk 
which  he  has  since  handled. 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  c?  /Navigation  Company  from  Puget  Sound 


399 


I'll 


John  J.  Holland  ;  the  Monticello,  a  propeller  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long,  with  triple  compound  engines 
livelve,  eighteen  and  twenty-eight  and  one-half  by  fourteen  inches,  for  /.  J.  Hatch  &  Hrother  by  Iv.  Sorensen  ;  the 
hiand  Belle,  length  one  hundiad  and  one  feet,  beam  twenty-six  feet,  and  depth  of  hold  seven  feet  one  inch  ;  the 
t'Caver,  a  propeller  forty-eight  feet  six  inches  long,  fifteen  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold  ;  the  Stiinson,  forty-nine  feet 
long,  fourteen  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  nine  inches  hold  ;  the  Augiisla,  length  forty-four  feet,  beam  eleven  feet, 
iiiid  depth  four  feet  five  inches.  At  Seattle— the  stern  wheeler  Ellis  for  Capt.  W.  H.  Kllis,  who  operated  her  until 
December,  1893,  when  she  was  destroyed  by  fire  at  Sydney,  Wash.;  the  Winifred,  and  the  steam  launches  liuy, 
Laura,  Milton  and  Lemolo. 
.\t  Tacoma — the  liliie  Star, 
iLMigth  fifty-five  feet,  beam 
thirteen  feet  six  inches,  depth 
five  feet  three  inches,  and  the 
liuinches  lidith  M.  and  I'rcda. 
Robert  Airey  constructed  the 
handsome  little  steamer  City 
of  Stantcood  at  Stanwood,  run- 
ning her  between  there  and 
Seattle.  vShe  was  one  hundred 
and  one  feet  long,  twenty-four 
feet  three  inches  beam,  and 
five  feet  three  inches  hold, 
ami  performed  excellent  ser- 
vice until  January,  1M94,  when 
she  was  destroyed  by  fire  at 
Tort  Susan.  The  Minnie  M., 
liiiglh  sixty-five  feet,  beam 
fil'leen  feet  six  inches,  and 
depth  three  feet,  was  built  at 
Snohomish  ;  the  Progress,  a 
propeller  thi  rty- three  feet 
long,  at  Aberdeen  ;  the  Toiwo,  of  about  the  .same  dimensions,  at  Gray's  Harbor;  and  the  'J liislle,  forty-seven  feet 
long,  nine  feet  beam,  and  three  feet  six  inches  hold,  at  Hocjuiam. 

A  large  sternwheeler,  equipped  with  all  modern  appliances,  was  put  together  at  St.  Michael's  Island,  eight 
hundred  miles  north  of  Unalaska.  The  framework  was  constructed  at  Capt.  J.  J.  Holland's  yard  in  Ballard, 
and,  with  the  machinery,  ways  and  equipments,  placed  aboard  the  steam  .schooner  Alice  lllanchard,  Capt.  Frank 
Worth,  which  sa'Ud  from  Seattle,  July  (Jth,  with  Captain  Holland  and  ship  carpenters  Jo.seph  I'ickard, 
William  Kehal,  Kd  Holsworth,  J.  Harrigan,  Samuel  Crosset,  A.  Trudell,  William  Forrester,  John  McMuUin, 
J.  Grant,  O.  Nelson,  William  McConnell,  and  four  others.  They  were  accompanied  by  P.  15.  Weare,  president, 
and  Capt.  J.  J.  Healey,  manager,  of  the  North  American  Tran.sportation  &  Trading  Company,  owners  of  the 
steamer,  and  Capt.  J.  C.  Barr,  who  was  to  take  command.  The  Alice  [ilancliard' s  machinery  became  disabled  on 
llie  trip,  and  she  was  twenty-seven  days  reaching  the  island,  which  is  one  of  the  Aleutian  group.  The  Alaska 
Commercial  Company  had  a  trading  station  there  and  refused  to  give  the  new  arrivals  a  site  on  which  to  complete 
the  .steamer  ;  but  they  afterward  found  a  place  on  the  east  side  of  the  island,  and,  after  constructing  a  forty-foot 
scow,  succeeded  in  landing  their  machinery  and  merchandi.se  and  commenced  work  on  the  steamer  .\ngust  nth, 
iMiuiching  her  September  15th.  She  was  christened  the/'.  B.  Weare  m\<\.  at  once  started  on  her  trip  of  sixteen 
liundred  miles  up  the  Yukon  River  to  Forty-mile  Creek.  The  mouth  of  the  Yukon  was  sixty  miles  from 
Si.  Michael's  Island,  which  was  the  only  harbor  north  of  Unalaska  in  Bering  Sea.  The  nearest  timber  was  one 
tliou.sand  miles  up  the  Yukon,  steamers  plying  on  the  lower  portion  of  that  river  depending  for  fuel  on  driftwood 
caught  by  the  Indians.  The  P.  />'.  Weare,  which  is  the  largest  steamer  on  the  river,  is  one  hundred  and 
s<.venty-five  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  six  inches  hold,  and  the  next  in  importance  is  the 
.//(//(',  a  sternwheeler  of  about  175  tons.  The  )'u/co>i,  St.  Mictiael,  A'e<c  A'acirt,  ILxflorer  and  Cora  are  smaller 
sluamers  plying  on  the  lower  part  of  the  river.  The  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  which  had  purcha.sed 
thcj  steamboat  interests  of  Capt.  I.  B.  Sanborn  on  Lake  Cieur  d'Alene,  in  189J  replaced  the  pioneer  steamer 
Cii  iir  d'  Alene  with  the  Ge^rgie  Oakes,  length  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  and  beam  twenty-eight  feel,  with  engines 
sixteen  by  seventy-two  inches.  She  was  designed  by  Capt.  I.  B.  Sanborn,  and  every  detail  of  her  construction 
WIS  under  his  personal  supervision.  The  result  was  one  of  the  fastest  .steamers  in  the  Northwest,  covering  with 
ease  eighteen  miles  an  hour.  She  has  been  regularh  engaged  between  Cieur  d'Alene  and  the  old  Mission,  making 
a  daily  round  trip   handled  by  Captain  Sanborn,  with  J.  L.  Campbell,  pilot,  and  George  W. "Groves,'"  engineer. 


HK.NHV    I'AI'K 


SIKAMKK    "SaHAII    I)IX4)N" 


Capt.  Okoki-.e  M.  Shas'kh 


I 


*• 


'   J 


UVeorgt"  W.  Clroves,  engineer,  was  born  in  CohMnbus,  Oliio,  in   1S67,  and  connnenced  his  marine   ser-  iCe  on  the  iicncral 
■•■I man  on  I.akc  Cieur  il' Alene  in  1SS6.    He  was  afterward  ou  the  steamers  .linelia  H'lieaton  and  /\oolciiai  and  is  at  present  cliief 
I'Dnmeer  of  the  0'eorg:a  Oates. 


S/: 


ij 


400 


Lewis  cj  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  fJorthwest 


"^^dBS^n 


Stkamkr  ■'Ciiu-kat" 


Inspectors  Kdwarils  and  McDeriiiott  of  the  Willamette  district  liad  their  field  extended  far  into  the  interiiir 
in  1892,  when  the  sternwlieeler  Aniifily  was  launched  at  Jctininns,  Mont.,  to  ply  on  the  Kootenai  River  lietwi'i'ii 
that  place  and  Fort  Steele.  The  steamer  was  about  one  hundred  tons  burden  and  was  owned  by  Jones  &  Depiiv. 
Capt.  J.  D.  Miller  had  command  in  1S94.  The  sternwlieeler  Slalf  of  Idaho,  the  best  steamer  yet  constructed  nn 
the  Kootenai,  was  al.so  built  for  that  trade  in  i.SyJ,  at  lioinier's  Kerry,  by  Depny,  I.annen  &  Rutter.  On  lier 
first  trip  she  ran  ashore  near 

Ainsworth,  B.  C,  receiving  .    ,        .        ^ 

slight  damages  to  her  bow, 
which  caused  her  to  sink. 
The  captain  called  a  survey, 
and,  deeming  her  a  hopeless 
wreck,  sold  her  at  auction. 
She  was  bid  in  by  a  passenger 
for  5350.  although  she  had 
cost  ovci  il.'u.ooo.  The  for- 
tunate purchaser  was  offered 
several  thousand  dollars  for 
his  bargain  by  the  Columbia 
&  Kootenai  Steam  Naviga- 
tion Company,  but  liecanie 
excited  over  his  good  luck 
and  determined  to  rai.se  her 
himself.  Knowing  nothing 
about  the  business,  he  spent 
a  small  fortune  before  she 
was  again  afloat.  Legal  com- 
plications then  arose,  and  as 
late  as  December,  1S94,  the  steamer  was  still  tied  up  at  Nelson.  The  Shavers,  who  had  completed  the  G.  W. 
Shaver  to  handle  their  increasing  business  on  the  Clat.skanine  route  a  few  years  ago,  in  i,S92  increased  their  fleet 
with  the  Sarah  Dixon,  one  of  the  most  perfectly  eiiuipped  steamers  for  her  size  on  the  river.     She  was  one 

hundred  and  forty-five  feet  long,  twenty-six   feet  beam,  and  six  fcit 
f  —  .  >  hold,  with  engines  fourteen  by  eighty-four  inches,  and  was  equipped 

with  steam  .steering  gear,  hoisting  engines,  electric  lights  and  all 
modern  appliances,  costing  complete  $,^5,000.  The  hull  was  built  liy 
Johnson  &  Olson,  the  cabin  by  Capt.  Charles  Bureau,  the  engines  were 
from  the  Iowa  Iron  Works  of  Dnbufiue,  and  the  boiler  was  made  by 
James  Monks  of  Portland.  George  M.  Shaver'"  was  placed  in  charge, 
with  Henry  Tape,  chief  engineer.  The  steamer  was  on  the  Clatskaniiic 
route  until  1H94,  when  she  connnenced  running  to  Astoria.  The 
Oregon  City  Transportation  Company  added  to  their  fleet  the  /uinioiiii, 
a  sternwlieeler  uiic  hundred  feet  long,  eighteen  feet  three  inches  beam, 
and  five  feet  hold,  with  engines  eleven  and  oiie-<iuarter  by  thirty-six 
inches.  She  was  fitted  out  especially  for  passenger  service  and  had 
the  finest  cabin  of  any  steamer  on  the  Willamette.  She  remained  in 
the  Oregon  City  trade  until  1.S94,  when  she  commenced  running  on  llie 
upper  Willamette.  Capt.  A.  J.  Spong  has  coinnianded  her  most  of  the 
time  since  her  completion,  with  Horace  Campbell,  chief  engineer,  aiul 
!•;.  Wynkoop,  purser.  The  Ilaltif  Ihllr,  length  one  hundred  and  tin 
feet,  beam  twenty-four  feet,  and  depth  of  hold  four  feet  five  inches, 
was  constructed  at  Portland  by  Capt.  M.  A.  Hackett,  who  operated  liir 
as  a  towboat  until  i>S94,  when  she  was  secured  by  the  Hosfords,  wlio 
used  her  on  the  Cascade  route  in  connection  with  the  lone,  whicli  wis 
freiiuently  on  the  bottom  of  the  river.  John  H.  Dove  and  brother  built 
the  sternwlieeler  A'.  (  .  )'oii>ii;  at  Salem  in  i8i)2.  She  was  handled  Ijv 
Capt.  Robert  C.  Young  until  July  22d,  when  she  burned  to  the  water's  edge  at  Dove's  Landing. 

The  /lisnianl;,  one  hundred  and  four  feet  long,  twenty  feet  beam,  and  four  feet  four  inches  hold,  with 
engines  eleven  by  thirty-six  inches,  was  completed   in    1892   for  the   Lewis  and   Lake  rivers  trade.     She  was  so 


iJAVm    MOKUAN 


"•Capt.  Cedrm'  M.  Sliavir  was  liorii  in  I'ortlai  '.  Or.,  in  iSfi5,  anil  he^nn  .slcanihoatinK  in  1SS4  witli  his  liiolher,  Capt.  Jaim'S 
Shaver,  on  the  .'A7H-rt«///i)  as  ik'iklianil  anil  tlien  as  male  lie  tonk  cinnmainl  of  the  Miinzatiillo  in  iSSh  anil  ran  allernateh  :is 
master  anil  jmrser  nnlil  the  building  of  the  (.'ivifrf  II'.  .S'/kko  .  He  was  eiiijaKeil  as  purser  on  tlie  new  .steamer  utiti'  tile  S.ii.'li 
Di.xon  was  eouipleteil,  ami  was  llien  appointed  master  of  the  (,'torjre  IV.  .S/i,nvi,  which  he  has  since  successfully  coiiitr       ed. 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  cf  Navigation  Company  from  Paget  Sotiml 


401 


p  the  iiiti'iior 
ver  l)t't\vi'cii 
es  &  Depiiv. 
iistructed  on 
ter.     On  lier 


f 


f 


d  the  (;.  u: 

sed  their  fleet 

She  was  one 

and  six  foil 

vas  equippt'd 

ghts   and   all 

was  biiilt  liy 

engines  were 

,vas  made  by 

ed  in  charge. 

Clatskaniiie 

storia.     The 

the  Raiiioiui. 

ndies  beam, 

l)y  thirty-six 

•ice  and  bail 

remained  in 

niiiiig  on  the 

•r  most  of  Ihe 

ngineer,  and 

dred  and  ten 

five  inches, 

operated  her 

:osfords,  wlio 

whicli  w.is 

brother  bnilt 

handled  by 

^s  hold,  with 
She  was  so 


LT,  Capl^  Jaim-s 

allerimli'ly  ;is 

iiiti'  tlie  Siii:ili 

cd. 


Cait.  a.  K.  Cans 


poorly  constructed  that  she  soon  bankrupted  her  builder  and  for  the  past  two  years  lias  been  jobbing  around 

I'ortland  in  charge  of  a  receiver.     The  propeller    }''u/ix'    .hnm'rii,  length    eighty-eight  feet,  beam  thirteen  feet, 

depth  four  feet  five  inciies,  witli  engines  eleven  atul  one-fourth   by  ten  inches,  was  launched  at  I'ortland  and  has 

since  been  operated  in  the  towing  and  jobbing  trade  by  Capt,  James  (iood.     On  the  lower  Columbia  the  propeller 

(,iii<r  was  ,set  afloat  at  Skamockawa  by  Colwell  Hrotliers,  the  (Juivii  by  William  Worsley  iS:  Co.,  and  the  A'.  A. 

Payer  by  William  Rehfield.     The  latter  is  sixty  feet  long,  seventeen  feet 

lieain,  and   five  feet  nine  inches  hold,  with  engines  ten  and  twelve  by  1 

twelve  inches,  and  the  Qitcfii  is  sixty-four  feet  long,  sixteen  feet  beam, 

and  six  feet  two  inches  hold,  with  engines  twelve  by  twelve  inches.    The 

jiiopeller  Inna  was  built  at  Hood  River  by  Capt,  H,  C.  Coe,  the  Inland 

.S?,;;  at  The  Dalles  by  J.  \\.  Condon,  the  i'aiii,-  /■'.  at  Kelso,  the  Vohuila 

at  Oneatta  for  .service  on  Ya(iuina  Hay,  and   the   /'awn  at  Marshfield. 

The  steamer  Chilkal,  which  Capt.  David  Morgan  constructed  at  Astoria 

for  work  in  coiuiection  with  his  cannery,  was  rebuilt  at  Tortland  in  i8i;2 

and  ei|uipped  with  passenger  accommodations.     She  is  one  hundred  and 

five  feet  long,  twenty  feet  five  inches  beam,  and  seven  feet  five  inches 

hold,  and  soon  after  completion  commenced  running  to  Al.aska,  where 

lier  owner  was  interested  in  one  of  the  largest  canneries,  which  furnished 

sntTicienl  business  to  pay  her  running  expenses.     I'a.s.sengcr  rates  were 

reduced,  and,  as  the   steamer  was   speedy  and   comfortable,  she   made 

serious  inroads  in  the  revenues  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company, 

and,  unlike  any  opposition  they  had  hitherto  encountered,  could  not  be 

bought  or  run  off  the  route.     Capt.  Charles  Carl.sen  handled  her  until 

i.Si)4,  when  he  died  suddenly  at  Seattle.     He  was  succeeded  by   H,  A. 

Matthews,  and  recently  J.  \V.  Mc.Vlle))  has  had  charge.     L.  Jensen  has 

been  pilot  for  the  jiast  few  years. 

The  first  lightship  on  the  I'acific  Coast,  the  Columbia  Riirr  No.  fo,  built  by  the  I'nion  Iron  Works  of  vSaii 

Francisco,  was  i)laced  in  service  otT  the  nunith  of  the  Columbia  in    i.Sijj.     She  is  one  hundred  and  twelve  feet 

long,  twenty-six  feet    seven    inches  beam,   twelve    feet    eiglit    inches    hold,  and    has  a  steel   frame  with  wood 

pluiking.     The  floors,  keelson,  stringers,  beams  and   keel   plate  are  of  steel,  while  the  stem   sternpost,  keel  and 

rudder  are  of  white  oak.     The  planking  and  deail  wood   are  Ooorgia  iiiiie  an<l  the  sheathing  of  white  oak.     The 

vessel  has  no  propelling  jiower  except 
her  sails,  but  is  e(pii))ped  with  two 
horizontal,  return  tubular  boilers  to 
furnish  steam  for  blowing  a  twelve- 
inch  fog  whistle  during  thick  weather 
and  for  hoisting  the  lights  on  the 
masts,  liacli  of  tlie.sc  is  composed  of 
six  large  lamps  encircling  the  masts, 
so  that,  no  matter  from  what  ])oiiit 
she  is  sighted,  they  are  never  hidden. 
During  the  daytime  the  lights  are 
lowered  into  a  room  built  around 
each  mast  and  opening  at  the  top  to 
admit  the  lights,  but  closing  again, 
air  and  water  tight,  when  they  have 
'  Jen  lowered  or  raised.  During  the 
nay  the  craft  is  easily  recognized  by- 
two  large,  red  lattice-work  circles, 
located  on  the  masts  above  the  |)lace 
]  where  the  lamps  hang  at  night.     The 


1- 


\ 

/ 

/ 

1 
I- J 

J 

^-x^—U 

1  fii  1 'jj 

k 

m 

\ 


w  ^\ 


\^ 


■*>*=■ 


CoMMiiiA  Kivi-:k  I.k.ii  I'siiir 

vessel  was  towed  from  San  Francisco  by  the  tug  Fearless,  Capt.  Dan  H.  Haskell,"  and  went  into  .service  in  charge 


'''Capt.  I).  H.  Haskell  of  Sail  I'miiciseo.  while  iinl  exactly  a  Nortlnveslerti  marine  man,  is  well  known  personally  or  l)v 
rt'i'utalion  to  every  tii^boatin.-in  on  the  I'aeitie  Coast.  He  was  horn  in  Maine  in  iS^^  and  he^,an  sailing  on  the  .\llantie  while  a  hoy, 
I'luuin^  to  this  Coast  for  the  first  time  in  iSfiS  as  mate  on  the  ship  Coninunlort'.  He  was  ne\t  <)n  the  Xttnhhi^,  and  then  joineil  the 
I'.iiilic  Mail  ste.nners  rnnnin;.;  to  China,  nncl  Ironi  there  went  to  the  U'illiiiiii  '/'ahor  >n  the  Panama  r(nite.  He  was  willi  Ciooil.ill, 
I'tikins  ^:  Co.  tor  several  years,  and  was  then  master  of  the  tn^  Mitlrtt  t>ri(fi/fi  for  seven  and  one-half  years.  Captain  Haskell  then 
sii|ierinieiidccl  the  hnildin^'  of  the  tn^  .  //<;/,  ami  on  eomplelion  ran  her  for  ,1  year.  l'"rom  the  .lleil  he  went  ICast  ami  ^^nper;ntenlled 
tilt-  huihlin^  of  the  tnj;  AVY/r'/'at  Cramp's  shipyard,  riiiladelphia,  and  hroii^hi  her  to  .San  I'raneiseo  in  1.SS4.  t)n  his  arrival  Spreekels 
liail  arraimed  for  the  hnildini;  of  the  tiiK  .Ic/ive  at  the  t'nion  Iron  Works.  San  l-'raneiseo,  and  Captain  Haskell  was  ap]iointed  to 
superintend  her  ettnstrnetion.  When  slu*  was  eompleted  he  went  haek  to  the  /\t'/it'/\  where  he  remained  nntil  he  took  eliar^;e  tn' the 
ronstrnetion  of  the  Fear/i'ss  at  the  I'nion  Iron  Works,  one  of  the  finest  tnnhoals  in  the  world,  and  whieh  he  has  eotnmanded  siiiee 
she  was  launched  in  iSg2. 


!■; 


iH 


ii'i 


'■■  I 


402 


Lewis  <J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Paoiflo  Northwest 


Stkamkh  "Joan  " 

captain,  and  W.  O.  Owen,  first  officer.     A 
retained,  with  Gordon  F.  Grant,  engineer. 


of  A.  E.  Cann,"'  captain  ;  Henderson,  first  officer ;  Albert  Ross,  chief  engineer.  Captain  Cann  is  still  in  charRe, 
and  James  Scott  succeeded  Ross.  The  lightship  was  located  a  few  miles  west  of  the  whistling  buoy,  remaining; 
there  until  1S94,  when  it  was  moved  about  two  miles  south,  bringing  it  nearer  to  the  track  of  ve.s.sels  approaching 
the  Colunii)ia  River.  The  pre.sence  of  this  sentinel  of  the  deep  has  practically  closed  that  long  list  of  disasters  to 
vessels  caught  in  the  northerly  current  and  swept  to  destruction  on  the  weather  beach  while  approaching  the 
Columbia  in  bad  weather.  The  immense  strength  of  the  lightship  has  l)een  thoroughly  tested  by  many  violent 
storms  since  she  went  into  commission,  but  she  has  held  her  place  and  come  through  the  fiercest  gales  uninjured. 
The  old  steamer  hab-l,  which  the  Dunsmuirs  had  been  operating  on  the  east  coast  route  out  of  Victoria, 
was  replaced  in   1892  by  the  Joan,  a  band.some  propeller  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  and  thirty  feet 

beam,  with  engines  sixteen  and  thirty-two 
by   twenty-four    inches.      The  steamer  was 

Ir?  ' ,  placed  in  command  of  Captain  Butler,  who 

_!  '  ,i  remained  with  her  until  1894,  when  he  was 

.■  .  Jt^j^-iijiJKJ^iiifcMAlilB.'.,  V   .  appointed  regular  pilot  in  the  Victoria  district 

yMHMBi|H^H|H^^^HK4J^^<,,^^''^^j^  jft..JC        ""''  ^^■^  .succeeded  by  Capt.  W.  D.  Owen.' 

Another  pioneer  of  even  greater  age  than  the 
Isabel  was  relegated  to  the  rear  in  1S92,  the 
Government  steamer  .S/>  James  Douglas 
having  a  succes.sor  in  the  Quadra,  which 
arrived  from  Scotland,  January  4th,  in 
charge  of  J.  A.  Walbran,  commander  ;  Gage, 
first  officer;  Hodgert,  chief  engineer.  The 
Quadra  is  two  hundred  and  twelve  feet  long, 
twenty-one  feet  beam,  and  thirteen  feet  six 
inches  hold,  with  a  twelve-foot  propeller,  and 
was  put  in  commission  with  James  Gaudin, 
few  months  later  Walbran  resumed  command,  which  he  has  since 
The  Union  Steamship  Company  increased  their  fleet  in  1892  with 
the  Coqiiillam,  a  steel  propeller  one  hundred  and  twenty-.seven  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet  beam,  and  nine  feet 
six  inches  hold,  net  registered  tonnage  165,  with  engines  thirteen  and  one-fourth  and  twenty-six  by  eighteen 
inches.  The  vessel  was  shipped  from  Scotland  in  sections  and  put  together  in  Vancouver  under  the  supervision 
of  H.  Darling.  She  is  a  very  economical  freighter,  having  a  .speed  of  nine  mites  per  hour  on  a  coal  consumption 
of  four  tons  in  twenty-four  hours.  She  was  sent  north  as  a  tender  to  the  sealing  fleet  in  June  and  was  seized  liy 
the  United  States  Government,  who  confiscated  her  (.see  steamer  Coqiiillam,  Chapter  XXI).  The  steamer 
Courser  was  launched  at  Westminster  in  February  for  Captain  Cooper,  who  intended  her  for  the  Chilliwack 
trade.  The  Queen,  a  square-built  vessel  sixty  feet  long  and  twelve  feet  beam,  with  machinery  from  the  La<ly 
Diifferin,  was  built  at  Kamloops  for  local  .service.  She  was  owned  by  J.  E.  Saucier,  and  Capt.  James  Ritchie  wa.s 
in  command.  She  went  skyward  in  a  terrible  explo.sion,  July  4,  1894  ^'^^  wreck  of  steamer  Queen).  The  Lower 
Fra.ser  River  Transportation  Company  was  organized  at  New  Westminster  by  Capt.  Richard  H.  Baker,  ■''  Joseph 
B.  Oliver,'  D.  Hennesey  and  Captain  Holman.  They  constructed  the  steniwheeler  Telefihoue  in  February,  1892, 
and,  on  finding  her  too  small,  a  j-ear  later  completed  the  .steamer  Edgar,  which  Captain  Haker  has  since  handled. 
While  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company's  steamships  were  by  far  the  finest  of  their  class,  and  h.id 
immense  carrying  capacity,  several  other  large  steamships  found  profitable  employment  in  the  trade  in  which  that 

■■'Capt.  A.  E.  Cann  i.s  a  native  of  Maine,  and  naturally  enough  comuienceit  following  the  sea  when  qnite  vounK-  He  coaslccl 
for  a  short  time  on  the  Atlantic  and  then  entered  the  deep-water  .service,  where  in  dne  season  he  reached  the  qnarler  deck.  He  canii' 
to  Astoria  about  twelve  years  ago,  and,  finding  employment  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  abandoned  deep  water,  lie  served  for  a 
while  on  bar  tugs,  ami  was  afterward  masler  of  a  number  of  small  steamers  running  out  of  Astoria.  He  was  also  in  charge  of  Uic 
pilot  schooner  stationed  olT  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River,  and,  when  the  lightship  Coliiinhia  Rizir  A'».  50  was  placed  in 
position,  he  was  given  command,  which  he  still  holds. 

"  Capt.  \V.  I).  Owen  of  Victoria,  I).  C,  was  born  in  Liverpool  in  iS66  and  has  been  engaged  in  marine  work  in  the  Nortlnvi-1 
since  18.S6,  his  first  position  being  on  the  f.i'oiinra.  He  was  four  years  with  tugboats  at  Vancouver,  and  then  went  to  the  steamer 
Joan  at  Victoria,  serving  there  for  over  two  years  as  mate,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  time  when  he  was  masler  of  the  steamer 
Isabel.     He  afterward  commanded  theyui7«. 

•'•Capt.  Richard  H.  Baker  of  New  Westminster,  H.  C.  was  born  in  Dartmouth,  Knglanil,  in  1S44,  and  entered  the  Brilisli 
Navy  at  the  age  of  twenty,  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S65  on  H.  M.  S.  Frigate.  He  remained  in  the  naval  service  until  1.^70, 
when  he  purchased  his  discharge  ami  remained  ashore  for  a  year  at  Victoria.  He  then  began  running  as  engineer  and  was  for 
five  years  on  the  .Sea  /uuiiii,  Chinamati,  Lillie  and  Leonora.  He  was  next  second  assistant  engineer  on  the  Etta  IVIiite  for  a  ft'u 
months  and  then  fitted  up  the  machinery  for  a  cannery  and  the  Royal  City  Mills.  He  remained  with  the  mill  company  for  eii;lil 
years,  running  as  engineer  on  the  Stella,  l.illie,  Gyfisy  and  Hell,  and  as  master  of  the  tug  Comet.  In  I'ebrnary,  1.S92,  he  left  tlic 
employ  of  that  company  and  organized  the  Lower  I'raser  River  Transportation  Company,  composed  of  Joseph  It.  Oliver,  I).  Ilenuesev, 
Captain  Holman  and  himself.  They  began  with  the  steamer  Telephone,  but  soon  found  her  too  small  for  the  business  and  a  year  later 
built  the  steamer  lulgar,  which  Captain  Baker  has  since  commanded. 

•'■^Joseph  B.  Oliver,  engineer,  was  born  in  England  in  1.S36.  He  served  his  apprenticeship  at  IVnn's  factory,  (Ireenwicli,  lor 
seven  years,  and  was  then  an  engineer  on  Thames  River  towboals  for  three  years,  after  which  he  made  a  trip  to  China.  He  iv.is 
afterward  engineer  on  an  Havana  blockade-runner  for  a  year  and  then  came  to  California,  where  he  joined  the  steamer  (loldeu  i  'ify 
as  oiler  in  1H64,  subsequently  holding  the  same  position  on  the  Orijiamme.  He  then  went  to  British  Columbia  on  the  .steimar 
/,aAo«('/r?>-<' and  worked  for  about  six  years  in  a  sawmill.  Since  then  he  has  run  on  the  steamers  AV/d  While,  J/(ii,';i;7'c  and  olhers, 
anil  is  engaged  at  present  on  the  Edgar. 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  cf  Navigation  Company  from  Pugt't  Sound 


403 


Joseph 


He  coasU'il 

•k.        Ilfl-MllH' 

le  served  tor  a 
char^^e  of  tin- 
k-as  placeil  in 


company  had  been  a  pioneer.  The  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  established  a  regular  line  between 
Tacoma  and  the  Orient,  their  first  steamship,  the  /'/ira  JVaiifr,  arriving  at  Taeoma,  June  17th.  She  was  followed 
by  the  Jlalavia,  Captain  Hill,  now  sailing  under  the  name  7'iuoma.  The  steamship  /'almas  was  also  sent  to  the 
Northwest  by  Samuel  Samuels  &  Co.  of  Yokohama,  who  intended  to  succeed  the  Upton  line.  The  steamship 
(irandholm  arrived  at  Vancouver  fi-om  Kugland,  bringing,  among  other  cargo,  material  for  a  new  steamship  for  the 
Union  Steamship  Company.  The  /ambcsi  made  her  last  trip  in  the  Upton  line.  The  coasting  steamship  fleet 
was  increased  by  two  lake-built  ves.sels,  the  k'eweeiiaw  and  flfarkinah'.  The  former  was  an  iron  vessel  two 
hundred  and  seventy  feet  long,  forty-two  feet  beam,  and  twenty-six  feet  hold,  built  at  West  Hay  City,  Mich.,  in 
1891,  to  run  on  a  new  line  of  steam  freighters  between  New  York  and  the  Pacific  Coast.  While  <lesigned  almost 
exclusively  for  a  freighter,  she  had  many  new  features  which  were  supposed  to  make  her  an  unusually  .seaworthy 
vessel.  Her  bottom  was  round  and  made  of  extra  heavy  steel  plate,  and  about  thirty  inches  above  this  was  a 
water  bottom,  the  space  between  the  two  being  divided  into  sections  by  the  keel  and  numerous  bulkheads,  so 
that,  in  case  of  collision,  the  ve.ssel  would  still  be  safe  unless  the  break  occurred  above  the  second  bottom.  The 
space  between  these  bulkheads  was  arranged  to  .serve  the  purpo.se  of  tanks,  so  that,  in  the  event  of  the  cargo 
shifting  or  the  ship  listing  from  any  cause,  the  .sea  cocks  on  the  weather  side  could  be  opened,  letting  in  enough 
water  to  straighten  her.  The  steamer  was  too  large  to  pa.ss  through  the  locks  in  the  Welland  Canal  and  had  to 
be  cut  in  two  when  she  reached  them.  Provision  had  been  made  for  this,  and,  by  knocking  out  the  rivets  in  the 
center,  she  came  apart  as  though  she  had  been  dovetailed  together.  The  forward  section  was  already  provided 
with  a  bulkhead,  and  a  temporary  one  was  fitted  in  the  other.  She  was  placed  in  the  drydock  at  Montreal  and 
put  together  again  in  as  perfect  condition  as  when  she  was  constructed.  On  her  way  out  she  was  di.sabled  in 
the  Straits  of  Magellan  and  was  docked  at  Valparaiso  for  temporary  repairs.  On  reaching  San  Francisco  the 
A'lU'ecnajc  was  chartered  by  the  Black  Diamond  Coal  Company  for  a  year,  but  after  ten  months'  service  was 
placed  on  the  Panama  run,  her  sister  ship,  the  Maikiiiaw,  finishing  her  contract  with  the  coal  company.  At  the 
expiration  of  her  Panama  contract  she  began  running  in  the  coal  trade  between  Nanaimo  and  San  Franci.sco, 
continuing  thereuntil  December,  1S94,  when  she  went  to  the  bottom  with  the  Moiilserral,  not  a  .soul  escaping 
from  either  vessel. 

Among  the  sailing  craft  built  in  the  Northwest  in  1892  were  :  At  Hoquiam— the  barkentine  Clcaiur,  length 
one  hundred  and  fifty-one  feet,  beam  thirty-six  feet,  depth  of  hold  eleven  feet,  for  A.  M.  Simp.son.  At  Port 
lilakely — tne  four-masted  .schooners  .lloha 
.S14.74  tons,  William  liowdcn  778.30,  and 
l.ymati  D.  Foster  777.64  ;  the  lionita  78,^4, 
and  San  Francisco  Pilot  Boat  No.  7.  At 
Coos  Bay — the  schooners  Prosper  229.30 
tons,  and  the  //.  C.  W'alilbiif;  26.95.  The 
latter  ves.sel  acquired  considerable  notoriety 
in  1895  through  her  seizure  at  San  Diego  on 
a  charge  of  carrying  arms  to  the  Hawaiian 
revolutionists.  Sealing  schooners  were  con- 
structed as  follows;  .Ichilhs  44.32  tons,  at 
Portland  ;  Dealiks  42.85,  at  Seattle  ;  and 
W'illard  Ains-uortli  at  Seattle  for  A.  O. 
Decker,  Fdward  Cantillion,  A.  Abbott  and 
1).  Crockett.  The  bark  Colorado,  1,035  tons, 
launched  in  1867,  was  purcha.sed  in  Boston 
for  the  Chemainus  Sawmill  Company  and 
brought  out  by  Capt.  J.  S.  Gibson.  The 
first  drydock  built  on  Puget  Sound  was  set 
afloat  at  Port  Hadlock,  September  30th, 
Capt.  R.  W.  De  I.ion "  being  the  principal 
owner.  The  steamer  Plyer  was  the  first  ves.sel  to  make  use  of  this  convenience  after  it  reached  its  present 
location  at  Quartermaster  Harbor  (.see  illustration  on  page  342).  Several  fine  schooners,  detailed  mention  of 
which  is  made  in  Chapter  XXI,  were  brought  to  Victoria  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  to  engage  in  sealing. 


ST[-:amir  "  CoyriTl.AM  ' 


i 

1 


treenwicli.  '"r 

litia.     He  ^^■'-'' 

Goliliii  I  .''!■ 

1  tlie  stc.Miir 

/>  ami  ollu'!^. 


^'Capt.  R.  W.  I)e  Lion  was  born  September  10,  1S3S,  in  one  of  the  provinees  ceded  to  (lennany  by  I'*rance  about  one 
liiindred  years  hko  ;  so,  although  of  French  parentage,  he  was  born  on  (lernian  soil  and  owed  allej^iance  to  the  German  Govcrmncnt. 
.\t  tile  aj;e  of  fonrteeen  he  connnenced  his  marine  career  as  cabin  boy  on  a  nierchanlman,  workinj;  u;j  mUil  he  finally  became 
captain  and  owner  of  a  vessel.  In  his  early  life  he  sailed  out  of  Atlantic  ports,  but  in  the  latter  jiart  of  tile  fifties  removed  to 
\'.dparaiso,  where  he  engaj;ed  in  business  and  was  interested  in  the  operation  of  several  \'essels.  Later  he  went  to  Callao,  Pern, 
where  he  remained  for  several  years,  becoinint;  (|uite  prominent  in  the  business  affairs  of  that  city.  MeetinK  with  reverses  there  he 
a-sumed  command  of  the  American  bark  (>t<i,i;o,  in  which  he  arrived  on  I'ufjet  Sound  in  1S76.  He  made  a  few  trips  with  her  in  the 
(I  asting  trade  and  then  sold  her  to  the  I'ort  Blakely  Mill  Company,  after  which  he  took  up  his  residence  at  Tort  Towiisend,  where 
f"r  fifteen  years  he  was  prominently  connected  with  the  shippinj^  business  of  the  Sound.  He  encountered  j^reat  obstacles  in 
ciiiipleting  the  immense  drydock,  and,  when  he  finally  carried  his  plans  to  a  successful  termination,  the  strain  proved  too  great, 
and,  after  suffering  ill  healtli  for  several  months,  his  mind  gave  way,  and  he  took  his  own  life  in  Seattle  in  1S94.  Captain  De  Lion 
w  IS  an  able,  energetic  man,  and  his  splendid  work  for  the  marine  interests  of  I'uget  Sound  will  long  be  remembered. 


■41 


404 


Lewia  (J  Dr^dan'a  Marine  Hiatory  of  the  Paoiflo  Northweat 


All  important  event  in  itmrinu  circles  on  the  CoUiinhiu  Kiver  in  189J  was  tlie  arrival  at  Astoria  and  Portland 
of  tlie  cruisers  /lallimon-  and  Cliatitsloii,  the  largest  vessels  that  ever  entered  the  river.  Tiiey  came  to  Astoria  to 
participate  in  the  celebration,  on  May  utii,  of  the  hundredtii  anniversary  of  the  discovery  of  the  Colutnliia. 
Tiie  attendant  ceremonies  lasted  for  three  <lays,  and  the  harkeiitine  I'/ir/id/is,  representing  the  ship  lo/iimhia,  niaili.' 
a  tour  of  the  lower  hay,  anchoring  off  Chinook  I'oint,  where  painted  Indians  in  lo);  canoes  paddled  out  ami 
offered  the  "  Hostoii  men  "  fish  and  furs  as  in  olden  times.  After  the  celel)ration  the //n/Z/w/iix"  and  (y((i//c.i7,i« 
were  taken  to  Portland,  the  former  leading  tlie  way  in  charge  of  Pilot  William  II.  Patterson,  and  the  CIi(1i/,-\I.hi 
following  with  Pilot  William  Smith  (see  illustration  on  jiage  ,vf').  Kach  pilot  received  a  hand.some  watch  frmn 
the  Portland  Chamber  of  Commerce  as  a  testimonial  to  his  skill  in  safely  taking  the  leviathans  so  far  inland.  In 
connection  with  this  event  the  Sirakaiie.  Wash.,  A'rrinr  pul)lislied  the  following  pertinent  comment  : 

"  It  is  interi'.stiin!  to  spfoiilnte  upon  till-  itHtonishiiU'iit  llml  vviuiM  liiivc  npi/nl  Vaiicoiivcr,  or  even  CH|>tiiin  Ciniv.  if  ?iotti( 
proptletlc  vision  liiiil  eniililed  tlieni  to  look  II  century  into  the  future  iind  licluilcl  tile  iiiuK<<<l><'i^ut  Hpeetacle  of  two  of  tile  largest 
wiimliips  ill  the  Americ.in  Niivy  iisoendiuK  fnr  into  the  interior  upon  this  '  niyslerious  river  of  the  West,' the  Oregon  of  sonx  ami 
romBUce,  the  Rio  A({niUir  of  old  S|iiinisli  charts.  The  river  that  \Vashin){(oii  Irviujj  pronounced  navigable  only  for  vessels  uiirltr 
.|<x>  tons  liurilen  now  floats.  i<ii>  miles  from  its  mouth,  the  Halfiinoii',  of  |,6<«>  tons,  the  largest,  swiftest  and  co.itliesl  warship  that 
Hies  the  American  lla^,  and  the  ('/i<t>/i's/iiii,  of  |,'it4  tons,  therehy  ileinonstratiiiK  its  superioritv  over  all  other  rivers  of  North 
America.  This  iiehieveiiient  rather  throws  in  the  shallow  the  demonstration  made  l>y  the  Coiiconi  in  ascending  to  Memphis  on  the 
Mississippi  River.  The  Conionl  went  farther  inland,  lint  she  is  «  lialiy  .doiiHsiile  the  llallimKie  and  the  I  /iiit/islon,  ret{i»teriiin  milv 
1,700  tons.  The  commanders  of  the /i'i;/^////i'»i' and  the 'V;(i//,(Ai«  say  that  the  Columhia  is  the  only  stream  in /Vmerica  that  their 
vessels  could  ascend  for  uxi  iiiileH." 

The  wreck  report  for  1892  opened  with  a  disaster  strikingly  similar  to  that  which  had  overwhelmed  the 
bark  Abtnvni  a  few  years  before.  The  victim  in  this  case  was  the  British  bark  J'erii(Uili\  en  toule  from  Newcastle 
to  Portland  with  a  cargo  of  coal.  The  I'erndale  was  spoken  fifty  miles  off  the  Columbia,  January  26tli,  and  was 
then  standing  in,  but,  in  the  heavy  fog  which  prevailed  during  the  following  few  days,  she  was  caught  in  the 
northerly  current.  On  the  morning  of  the  twenty-ninth  a  fearful  gale  came  on,  and  she  struck  the  beach  at 
y.ya  A.  .M.  about  fifteen  miles  north  of  the  entrance  to  Clray's  Harbor.  Being  deeply  laden  she  stnuk  a 
considerable  distance  from  shore  and  was  .soon  battered  to  pieces.  In  attempting  to  reach  land  eighteen  of  the 
crew  were  drowned,  and  the  remaining  three  were  taken  from  the  surf  nearer  dead  than  alive  by  Mrs.  lulwanl 
White,  residing  near  the  .scene  of  the  disaster.  Tho.se  losing  their  lives  were  Blair,  captain  ;  Gilby,  first  mate ; 
Charles  Wright,  second  mate ;  John  Fraser,  steward  ;  Moore  Wilson,  cabin  boy  ;  Charles  Johnson,  John  Anderson, 

Patrick    Bootcr,   Woods,    O'Hricii, 
,  .  Holmes,    Brown,   Webster,  and    five 

'  "■  other    unknown    sailors.     The 

Standard  of  Victoria,  owned  by 
Commodore  John  Irving  and  K.  I'. 
Ritliet,  while  in  route  from  Naiiaimo 
to  the  Skeeiia  River,  foundered  oil 
Cape  Mudge,  June  I7tli.  leaving  onlv 
the  chief  engineer  to  tell  the  sad 
story.  The  steamer,  in  charge  ol 
James  Carroll,  captain,  William 
.Murray,  '  chief  engineer,  Alexander 
I.nbin,  mate,  and  Henry  Wri^lit. 
fireman,  left  X'ictoria,  June  ifitli,  wilh 
orders  to  coal  at  Naiiaimo  aiul  lluii 
proceed  to  the  Skeena  River  to  enter 
upon  her  usual  summer  work.  Slic 
departed  from  Naiiaimo  the  following 
morning,  and,  according  to  the  stalc- 
nieiit  of  Kngineer  Murray,  was  struck 
by  a  heavy  gale  and  trenieiidotis  sea 
in|the  tide  rip  off  Cape  Mudge  at  6:30  o'clock  in  the  evening.  The  steamer  filled  immediately,  sinking  stern  first. 
The  boat  floated  off  the  house  as  she  went  down,  and  Carroll,  I.nbin  and  Wright  got  into  it.  Murray  juiiipcd 
clear  of  the  steamer  as  she  disappeared,  and  on  looking  around  after  the  danger  of  being  drawn  down  by  the 
suction  had  passed,  saw  that  the  small  boat  had  been  overturned  and  its  occupants  were  swimming  about,  with 
nothing  to  support  them.  I.nbin  was  the  first  to  give  up  the  struggle,  and,  as  he  went  down,  said  :  "  Good-liy. 
Murray  ;  I'll  take  this  oar  with  me."  The  heavy  .sea  prevented  Murray  from  .seeing  the  others,  with  the 
exception  of  an  occasional  glimpse  of  the  captain,  who  was  drifting  away  from  him.  Just  as  Murray  was  about 
to  give  up  the  uneciual  contest  he  sighted  some  wreckage  and  swam  to  it,  remaining  there  for  twelve  hours,  whoii 
he  was  rescued  by  Ivdward  Small,  a  trapper,  who  came  out  in  a  canoe.     The  Chinese  cook  was  not  seen,  and  it  is 


STK.ANniH    '■  ST.V.SItAKI) 


"^  William  Murray,  engineer,  wm  born  in  Scotland  in  iS,S9,  served  an  aiiprenticeship  in  Manchester,  England,  and  ca»if  '" 
British  Columbia  about  ei),'ht  vears  ajjo.  He  was  first  eiiKaKed  on  the  steamer  Ettn  U'liilf.  and  went  from  her  to  the  AfrniKiKi.  He 
was  afterward  chief  of  the  luilcoii  for  a  year  and  w.is  liext  on  the  Slaniiiuil,  remaining  with  her  until  she  went  to  the  bottnin, 
Murray  t)eing  the  sole  survivor.     At  present  he  is  euf^aged  in  the  power-house  of  the  Victoria  Street  Railway  Company. 


w 


Retirement  of  the  Oregon  Railway  c^  Navigation  Company  from  Puget  Sound 


405 


\' 


supposed  tliat  tlie  sli-aincr  fomulcrod  so  ([uickly  llial  lie  cduUI  not  j;i.'t  out.  Tlu'  Aiiicricaii  .ship  AV/Vr.iw/,  from 
Sail  Kraiici.sco  for  Naiiainio,  waH  wrecked  011  Iviitraiicc  I.slnnd,  about  tlircc  miles  north  of  Harclny  Sound, 
November  iijtii.  The  ship  went  on  the  rocks  before  a  howliti);  ^nle  and  was  soon  l)roken  up,  the  crew  reaeliinn 
shore  ill  safety.     She  was  in  conimaiid  of  Ca])taiii  Heiiiielt  and  was  owned  in  San  I'Vaneisco. 

A  fatal  collision  between  the  steamship  W'ilhiiiirlli'  and  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company's 
stenmer  /';<•;« /Vroccurred  three  and  one-half  miles  soulheast  of  Marrow.stoiie  Point  about  2:<m)  .\.  m.,  October  Htli, 
The  bow  of  the  bij;  collier  struck  the  I'nmiir  on  the  port  side,  just  forward  of  the  pilothouse,  and  crashed 
llirouKh  into  the  smokiiiK-rooni  and  cabin,  knockinj;  the  pilot-house  out  of  I'/osition  and  instantly  killiiiK  John 
Rankin  of  Seattle,  Frank  C.  VVynkoop  and  Johannes  Mow  of  Tacoma.  William  1".  Kichardson  afterward  died 
Iroin  his  injuries.  Fully 
twenty  others  were  injured, 
some  of  iheiii  quite  seriously, 
and  Jack  I.evy  of  the  I'liiiiiii 
lia<l  a  miraculous  escajjc  from 
instant  death.  The  Ptriiiiir 
was  cut  down  to  the  water's 
iclge,  three  plates  having  been 
l)cnetrated .  T he  / / 'illamiltf 
was  also  slijjhtly  damaged,  but 
lier  bulkheads  kept  her  from 
sinkinj;,  and  lior  bow  was  so 
closely  interlocked  with  that 
of  the  Pirmii-r  that  she  kept 
the  latter  from  ^"'"K  down 
and  towed  her  to  Hush  Point, 
on  the  opposite  side,  beach- 
ing her  in  twenty-four  feet  of 
water.  The  P)fmiir.\  pas- 
sensers  were  transferred  to 
the  W'illameltc  antl  afterward 
taken  to  Seattle  by  the  Coliali. 
It  was  nearly  twenty -four 
hours  before  the  two  vessels 
were  .separated,  and  several 
(lays  later  the  /'irniur  was 
raised  by  Commodore  John  Irving  and  taken  to  N'ictoria,  where  she  was  repaired  and  placed  under  the  British 
llag,  much  to  the  chagrin  of  the  attorneys  for  the  victims  of  the  disaster,  who  were  awaiting  her  appearance 
above  water  to  institute  proceedings  against  her.  After  extensive  repairs  she  was  placed  on  the  Victoria  and 
Vancouver  route  and  is  now  running  under  the  name  CIkiidu  >. 

The  result  of  the  inspectors'  investigation  as  to  the  cause  of  the  accident  was  the  revoking  of  the  licen.ses 
of  both  captains.  Hansen  of  the  Willametle  was  censured  for  changing  bis  course  in  attempting  to  cro.ss  the  bow 
of  the  Premier,  and  for  not  heeding  her  fog  signals.  It  was  thought  that  in  the  fog  his  ship  got  too  close  in  to 
bush  Point,  and,  as  she  was  deeply  laden,  he  feared  to  pass  the  Premier  im  the  inside,  and  in  hauling  out  from 
the  point  brought  his  .ship  into  .such  a  position  that  the  Premier  could  not  escape.  In  summing  up  the  evidence 
in  support  of  this  view  of  the  matter,  the  inspectors  said  :  "  The  fog  signals  of  the  Premier  were  distinctly  heard 
by  people  on  Bush  Point,  and,  as  the  sound  pas.sed  over  the  Willamette,  all  of  the  signals  from  the  Premier  must 
liave  been  heard  by  the  officer  and  lookout  on  board  of  the  Willamette.  It  appears  that  Captain  Hansen  did 
hear  signals,  but  paid  no  particular  attention  to  them,  as  the  weather  was  clear  where  the  ship  then  was,  but,  just 
as  he  entered  the  fog  bank,  he  gave  one  blast  of  bis  whistle.  At  that  time  the  ships  must  have  been  within  a 
mile  of  each  other,  and  several  more  blasts  were  exchanged  before  they  collided.  At  the  time  Captain  Hansen 
heard  the  Premier  s  fog  signal,  he  certainly  must  have  known  that  the  course  he  was  then  steering  would  either 
cross  the  Premier's  track  or  go  very  close  to  her.  He  had  plenty  of  room  north  of  his  ves.sel,  and,  had  he  ported 
liis  helm,  there  would  have  been  no  collision.  Had  he  even  held  his  west  by  north  half  north  course,  the  ships 
would  not  have  collided  but  would  have  pa.ssed  very  clo.se  to  each  other."  Captain  Gilboy  was  censured  for 
running  at  full  speed  in  a  fog  while  approaching  another  vessel  and  for  not  slowing  down  when  he  failed  to 
understand  the  course  or  the  intentions  of  Captain  HaiLsen.  The  evidence  showed  that  Captain  Gilboy  kept  his 
ship  on  the  regular  course,  and,  had  the  captain  of  the  Willamette  done  the  same,  the  accident  would  not  have 
happened,  also  that  Hansen  showed  a  lack  of  judgment  in  starboarding  his  helm  after  hearing  repeated  signals 
over  his  starboard  bow.  The.se  signals  should  have  convinced  a  careful  shipmaster  that  the  approaching  steamer 
was  running  on  a  course  which  would  place  the  ves.sels  in  dangerous  proximity. 

The  .sealing  schooner  /.aura.  Captain  Hansen,  well  known  in  British  Columbia,  Bering  Sia  and  Japan 
ports  as  the  "  Flying  Dutchman,"  was  wrecked  in  Friendly  Cove,  Nootka  Sound,  January  25th,  becoming  a  total 


STKAMKK   "I'KKMIKK"    AIIKR   Cnl.I.lSION    Willi   Sn^AMSMM'   "  Wl  l-l-AMIi  f  I  K  ' 


I'    '    I 


n 


(■■i 


4o6 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


loss,  the  Victoria  schooner  Northern  Lii^lu  meeting  a  similar  fate  in  that  vicinity  a  few  weeks  later.  Tlic 
whaling  bark  Helfii  Mar  met  with  a  fearful  fate  in  the  Arctic  in  1.S92.  On  October  6th,  in  latitude  71"  ;,o' 
north,  longitude  ifuj"  30'  west,  she  had  a  whale  alongside  which  was  being  cut  up,  when  she  was  suddenly  caught 
by  a  swift  current  and  carried  between  two  immense  icebergs,  which  drifted  together  and  crushed  the  bark 
before  the  crew  could  sav  a  boat  or  get  away.  The  fifth  mate,  a  boatsteerer,  the  cook  and  two  sailors  clung  to 
the  mainmast  as  it  went  over  or  the  ice  and  were  the  only  o-ies  saved  out  of  a  crew  of  thirty-three  men.  Thuy 
remained  on  the  ice  for  forty -eight  hours  and  were  finally  taken  off  by  the  steam  whaler  Orca,  two  of  them 
reaching  San  Francisco  on  '.iie  /Mi/j;a.  The  //c/cw  Afnr  was  owned  by  '0,'right,  Bowiie  &  Co.,  of  San  Francisco, 
and  among  her  crew  were  :  E.  O.  Thaxter,  captain  ;  W.  K.  Hardy,  fii.=t  mate  ;  Richard  L.  KUis,  .second  male ; 
Joaquin  Miiiia,  third  mate  ;  John  O'Hara,  fourth  mate;  William  W.ird,  fifth  mate;  Antonio  I,eitz,  Antonio 
Paugaliiie,  Louis  Antone,  Frank  Birch  '.nd  C.  Nelson,  boatsteertrs ;  G.  Cooper,  carpenter;  William  Bray, 
steward  ;  Asa  Ker.shaw,  cook.  The  steamer  Honita,  Capt.  Gus  i'illsbury,  from  Portland  for  the  Cascades,  was 
sunk  on  Fashion  Reef,  December  7th.  She  was  caught  in  a  heavy  gale  and  struck  broadside  on,  tearing  a 
big  hole  in  the  hull.  After  several  days  spent  in  attempts  to  raise  her  she  was  abindoned,  and  on  the  fifteenth 
her  machinery  was  removed.  The  old  sealing  .schoonc-  Loltie  was  the  victim  of  a  mysterious  disaster  in  1S92. 
She  left  Victoria  in  charge  of  Captain  Butle.-,  OharLs  llatferty  and  Gus  Erickson,  with  twenty-eight  contraband 
Cliinatuen,  April  17th,  and  a  month  later  wa''  picked  up  dismasted,  floating  bottom  up  off  Tillamook  and 
towed  to  Astoria.     No  trace  was  ever  found  of  t'le  missing  men. 

The  steamer  Telephone,  from  Astoria  fo;  Portland,  sank  at  the  moutii  of  the  Willamette  River  at  1.20  .\.  m., 
January  5th,  in  charge  of  Pilot  Larkin.  She  had  been  in  a  den.se  fog  all  the  way  from  Astoria,  and,  when  she 
turned  into  the  Willamette,  the  Government  light  on  the  revetment  was  obscured.  While  looking  for  it  the 
steamer  Irifted  too  close  in,  so  that  when  she  started  ahead  she  piled  up  on  the  revetment  and  began  to  fill.  The 
l)oats  were  lowered  and  the  passengers  landed  on  Coon  Island.  The  sLeainer  was  raised  a  week  later  and  found 
to  be  comparatively  uninjured.  The  steamers  Iralda  and  lone  were  in  collision  near  Linnton,  Octobf  r  28th,  and 
a  passenger  named  Otto  Peters  wa>!  drowned.  The  steamer  I.uey  Lowe,  Captain  Jordan,  from  Roche  Harbor 
for  Tacoma  with  1,250  barrels  of  lime,  struck  a  sunken  log  in  Deception  Pass,  April  4th.  and  was  beached  to  save 
life.  The  lime  cargo  then  fired  the  vessel,  vvliich  was  scuttled  in  two  fathoms  of  water  and  became  a  total  lo.ss. 
The  Lucy  Lo-ar  was  forineiiy  a  .sealing  schooner,  built  at  Victoria  in  1884.  Two  other  Sound  steamers  went 
up  in  smoke  in  1892,  the  /i.  .1/.  GV// at  Allyn,  VV'ish.,  vSeptember  29th,  and  the  /(•;/(/  at  Colby,  April  i8th,  The 
former  was  owned  by  Capt.  Henry  Tliielsen  and  the  lattei  by  Capt.  R.  M.  Cressvvell.  I'lie  steamship  West  Indian. 
formerly  in  the  Nanaimo  coal  trade,  was  wrecked  off  Acajutla,  March  19th,  with  a  cargo  of  coffee  valued  at  half 
a  million  dollars. 

Capt.  Marshall  Short,  of  the  steamer  Oeklahama ,  and  John  Peterson,  a  deckhand,  were  killed  at  A.storia, 
October  22.  The  Oeklahama  had  towed  the  barge  Columbia,  carrying  550  tons  of  wheat,  to  Astoria,  and  in 
swin£,lug  into  i  >  wharf  the  barge  was  injured  so  that  it  began  to  leak  badly  -.iKi  was  taken  '•■  the  shore  side  of 
the  wharf,  where  the  water  was  shallow.  The  steamer  laid  alongside  punipin,;  her  out,  and  Captain  Short,  Agent 
Loun.sberry  and  three  deckhands  went  below  to  construct  a  bulkhead  at  the  point  of  damage.  When  they  had 
it  nearly  completed  the  barge  careened  and  sank  Lounsberiy  and  two  of  the  deckhands  succeeded  in  reaching 
tlie  deck,  but  the  '^hitting  wheat  prevented  the  escape  of  the  other  men,  and  they  perished.  Captain  Short  was  a 
brother  of  C;ipfaius  .Sherman  V.  and  W.  P.  Short  and  had  been  on  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Nai'igation  Company's 
ste.imers  for  six  years.  Other  disasters  in  1802  were  the  loss  of  the  whaleback  C.  W.  \Vetmore,vi\\\c\\  was 
carrying  coal  between  Puget  Soind  and  San  Fraiicis-o  for  fi.^.S  per  ton  at  the  time.  Her  loss,  therefore,  was 
not  mourned  by  other  shipowners  engaged  in  the  trade  The  American  ship  .S7.  Charles,  from  Nanaimo  for  San 
Francisco  with  a  cargo  of  co?!,  was  the  vic.ini  of  a  coal-dust  explosion  which  sunt  her  to  the  bottom  one  hundred 
miles  nortliwest  of  Cape  Foulweather,  May  i-tls.  C'lptain  Chapman  was  seriously  injured  by  the  explosion. 
The  crew  reached  Newport  in  a  sm^U  boat.  On  Puget  .Sound  the  steamer  I-'orsaken  burned  December  i6th  while 
aground  on  the  flats  at  t'le  innmh  of  the  Snohotnish  River.  The  Victoria  .sealing  ..chooner  AJa^gie  yJ/dc  was  lost, 
with  all  on  board,  near  Cape  Scott  in  March  (sec  wreck  of  A/ai;i;ie  .lAif  on  page  4,^8). 


IP 


CHAPTER    XX. 

iMKsr  Loo  Raft  on  the  Pacific— Okanaoan  Lakk  Steamkk  "  Aiikkdkkn" — TiiK  Canadian  I'Aciinc's 
AisTKAi.iAN  Stkamshii'  Link — TiiH  "  1).  S.  Bakkr"  Shoots  thi;  Cascadks — Stkamkks  Buii.t  in 
THK  Victoria,  Puckt  Soi'ni)  and  Wii.lamrtte  Districts— Skatti.k  Marink  Railway — Puget 
vSouNi)  AND  British  Coi.umhia  Lumber  Fleet  —  Lighthouse  Tenher  "  Coi.umhine"  ^  Boiler 
Explosion  on  Steamer  "Annie  Faxon" — .Sound  Steamers  Destroyed  hy  Fire— L(jSS  of 
Steamships  "Michic.an"  and  "  \Vilmini;i\)n  " — The  Northwestern  Steajishii'  Company ^ — 
Victoria  Marine  Ramavav — Terrihle  Fate  of  the  "  Montserrat,"  "Keweenaw,"  "Ivanhoe" 
AND  "  IvsTEM.E "  —  Wreck  of  the  "Southern  Chief,"  "William  L.  Beeue,"  "Crown  of 
IvNr.LAND,"  "Los  Anc.elks"  and  "Newhrrn" — The  Second  Loi;  Raft— Steamer  "Columbia" 
Burned  Fatal  Boiler  ICxplosion  on  .Steamer  "(Jiei:n" — Wreck  of-  the  "  R.  K.  Ham" — 
\'icToRiA  Tradini;  .&  FisiiiNo  Company — Turret  Steamer  "  Progressist"  -Alaska  Steamship 
Company  -The  Whaleback  "City  ok  Everett"  —  Upper  Columbia  Steamer  "Nakusp" — The 
"Norma  Brouc.ht  Tiirouc;h  Snake  River  CaSon  — Vigorous  Opposition  on  Ocean  Routes  — 
Wreck  of  the  Steamer  "Vei.os"  and  Tug  "Mogul." 

'H1';N  the  ClvLEBR.VTICD  Joggins'  log  raft  was  constructed  on  the  Atlantic  Coast 
for  the  purpose  of  transporting  a  dozen  lumber-drogher  cargoes  with  the  aid  of  a  single 
towboat,  the  success  of  the  new  departure  was  anxiously  watched  by  men  engaged  in 
the  carrying  trade  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  i*.  was  freely  predicted  that,  if  the  raft 
could  be  towed  on  the  Atlantic,  the  large  fleet  of  ve.s.sels  engaged  in  the  lumber  business 
in  the  Pacific  Northwest  might  at  once  retire  from  the  field.     Fortunately  or  otherwise, 
^/TIJFJWW  ''/'    t:°t— r      .I"KR'"''     f""  ^^as  battere<l    to   i)ieces  long  before  it  reached  port,   and,  while  partial 
f '  vVwpB'b'i  VsJ&^aJ       successes  were  made  of  smaller  ones,  it  was  finally  decided  that  the  proper  place  for  a 
'/ ,' liSiT*  Ji«»i!i*^*'  successful  accomplishment  of  the  scheme  was  on  the   Pacific  Ocean.     The  first  raft 

was  built  at  Coos  Bay  and  started  from  Marshficld  in  November  in  tow  of  the  tug 
/idiii^rr,  Capt.  John  i<oberts.'  It  was  the  captain's  intention  to  stop  at  Empire  City, 
but  he  missed  the  ivharf  and  was  compelled  to  run  lioth  tug  and  raft  ashore  to  avoid 
going  over  the  b.ir  at  low  water.  7Mie  tu(^  laid  by  until  flood  tide,  lint  in  Ul'  darkness,  while  trying  to  make  fast 
to  the  raft,  broke  her  rudder,  and  two  days  were  consumed  in  repairing;.  Another  start  was  made,  but,  as  the 
l)ar  was  neared,  the  m.ichinery  colla;i.sed.  A  four-day  tie-up  resulted,  liut  when  everything  was  in  readiness  they 
set  out  once  more.  This  time  the  raft  took  a  sheer  and  went  ashore,  where  it  remained  twenty-four  hours  before 
it  was  again  floated.  Shortly  after  the  unwieldy  tow  was  released  from  this  predicament,  it  struck  tlie  South  Spit, 
Xoveniber  i.Stli,  grounding  hard  and  fast.  During  the  night  the  bar  became  very  rough,  and  the  breakers  broke 
clear  over  it.  With  the  aid  of  a  long  hawser  the  tug  managed  to  keep  in  deep  water  and  still  retain  lier  hold  on  the 
raft  until  i:oo  A.  M.     It  then  floated  ofl",  taking  the  tug  with  it  and  compelling  the  captain  to  cut  loose.     The  tug 

'  Capt.  John  KoIjLTls  wiis  horn  on  tlie  Islunil  of  Jorsoy  in  1850  and  has  been  enxa^jctl  in  tlio  inariiu>  hnsiness  for  thirty  >ears. 
His  first  work  on  tht'  PaiMfit*  Coast  was  on  the  \mrk  /(■■■rtir  Pitts,  miming  to  Meiiiloi*ino,  Ho  was  afteiwanl  intcrt'stcil  in  st-veral 
M'liooncrs,  anil  in  1S.S5  Iniilt  the  steam  schooner  Siiif»isi\  with  wliich  he  went  to  Mexico.  While  there  he  was  stricken  with  yellow 
fever,  and  his  wife  anil  two  sailors  died.  He  then  went  hack  to  San  I'rancisco,  whence  he  took  the  sleatncr  lo  Ilonolnln  and  sold  it. 
On  his  retnrn  he  coiistrncted  the  steamer  l\iinly,  which  he  operated  for  a  while  hetween  ,San  I'rancisco  and  Coos  Hay.  He  also  ran 
lier  to  .San  Dieno  dnrinn  the  hooin.  While  in  liie  Coos  Hay  trade  he  picked  iiji  the  steamship  Hiiu'iiiiiiiir,  which  he  lowed  to  Cas])ar 
V  reek  with  nineteen  feet  of  water  in  her  hold.  He  pnmpeil  the  vessel  ont  and  proceeded  with  her  to  ,San  I'rancisco,  where  he  was 
awarded  |«12,(hk)  salvaj;e.  Captain  Roberts  worked  with  the  /ttt:('nnii'if  withont  sleep  for  five  ila\s  and  nights  and  was  so  exhansted 
llial  he  sent  liis  steamer  out  on  her  next  trip  in  chnrKc  of  Captain  Lucas,  when  she  was  lost  on  Coos  May  bar.  Duriu),'  the  next 
three  months  he  filled  her  place  with  the  Xiitit'iiiit  t'ilv  and  then  chartered  the  tUK  A'n  11 1;  f  r  Ut  tow  the  loj;  rail  from  Coo;.  Ilay  to  Sun 
I'rttncisco.     After  that  he  went  to  the  steamer  F:iiiilit>ii,  which  he  ran  to  I'n^et  Sound  and  I'orllanil. 


iU 


n 


1' 


n 


■•:». 


1^ 


ii  i 


4o8 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


^ 


'wm&i.. 


STHA.MEK   "AllKKDEEN"   ON   OKANACAN    I.AKK 


crossed  in  again  the  next  morning  and  found  her  tow  piled  up  on  the  north  side  of  the  jetty,  half  a  raik-  ftoiii 
where  she  had  rested  the  night  before.  It  remained  there  for  three  days  and  nights,  and  then,  with  the  aid  of  a 
life-saving  crew,  the  chains  were  cut  and  a  few  hundred  piles  set  adrift  to  loosen  up  the  others  and  straighten  out 
the  600-foot  hawser  cut  adrift  several  nights  before.  The  third  day  the  raft  was  pulled  out  from  the  jetty,  and 
Captain  Roberts  was  forced  to  run  the  tug  ashore  in  Charleston  Bay  to  prevent  the  raft  from  drifting  to  sta, 

where  a  hurricane  was  blowing.  The 
next  morning  a  start  was  made  for 
Ivnipire  City,  but  after  going  a  short 
distance  the  raft  grounded  on  tlit 
middle  quicksands.  The  a.ssistaiice 
of  the  Liberty  was  secured,  both  tugs 
working  every  high  tide  for  five  days. 
On  the  morning  ot  the  fiftli  day  tlie 
raft  floated  off  unaided  and  readied 
lunpire  City  on  December  2d.  The 
owners  decided  that  the  tug  had 
not  sufficient  power  and  accordiiiRJy 
chartered  the  Nalioiial  City,  Captain 
McGee.  She  crossed  out  all  right 
December  i6th,  but  encountered  a 
heavy  gale,  and  the  raft  went  to  piucus 
off  Cape  Mendocino,  December  22(1. 
The  finest  inland  steamer  .set 
afloat  in  the  Northwest  in  1893  was  the  Aberdeen,  constructed  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company 
for  service  on  Okanagan  Lake.  The  Aberdeen  is  a  sternwheeler  one  hundred  and  forty-six  feet  long, 
twenty-six  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  eight  inches  hold,  with  engines  sixteen  by  seventy-two  inches.  She 
was  built  by  K.  G.  McKay  from  a  model  made  by  John  F.  vSteffen  of  Portland,  and  her  engines  were  designed 
by  Horace  Campbell  of  that  city,  and  manufactured  by  the  British  Columbia  Iron  Works  at  Vancouver.  Tlie 
steamer  began  her  career  in  charge  of  Captain  ^'oster,  who  had  recently  been  engaged  as  first  officer  on  the 
Islander.  With  him  as  mate  was  R.  Williams  of  Puget  Sound.  The  steamer  is  operated  between  Okanagan 
Landing  and  Penticton,  running  as  a  feeder  to  the  railway  system,  and,  like  everything  else  in  connection  with 
the  etiuipment  of  that  company,  is  up  to  date  in  every  particular.  The  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company 
increased  the  number  of  their 

vessels  with  the  small  stern-  ,  ,1, 

wheeler  Transfer,  which  was 

used    in   the   Eraser   River  '^ 

trade,  and  Capt.  M.  Hare 
built  the  small  steamer  Mary 
Hare,  which  was  used  in 
jobbing  around  N'ictoria  until 
1895,  when  she  was  equipped 
for  pa.ssenger  service,  and  ran 
to  and  from  the  islands  of 
the  east  coast  of  Vancouver 
Island  in  connection  with  the 
N'ictoria  &  Sydney  Railroad. 
Other  vessels  constructed  or 
brought  into  the  Victoria  dis- 
trict in  i>i93  were  the  steam 
schooner  Spinster,  owned  by 
Arthur  Scroggs ;  steam  scow 
Caroline,  W.  II.  Grove; 
steamers  )'vonne,  II.  G. 
Holdman  ;  Srcan,  Slioltbolt 
&  Draiiey  ;  Jennie  June,  W. 
B.  Crause  ;  schooners  San 
Jose,  Captain  Kelly;  A'Menny.  J.  F.  Smith;  Arietes,  Capt.  William  Grant;  Fislier  Maid,  Charles  Chipps;  and  Siukj 
Lass,  A.  Ross.  The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  extended  their  field  in  1893  by  the  operation  of  a  line  of 
splendid  modern  built  steamships  between  Vancouver  and  Australia.  The  pioneer  vessel  of  the  fleet  was  llie 
Mioaera.     She  was  followed  by  the  .Iraiea,  and  the  Warrimoo  was  afterward  added. 


^IKAMKH    '     \  t  l.LAN  ' 


CaIT.    I'.    H.   JONKS 


Growth  of  Deep-wafer  Commerce,  Great  Loss  of  Life  by  Marine  Disasters 


409 


If  a  mile  from 

the  aid  ot  a 
itraigh'.eii  out 
the  jetty,  aiul 
rifting  to  sea, 
lowing.  The 
vas  made  for 
joing  a  sliiirt 
nded  on  llie 
he  assistance 
'ed,  both  tii^is 

for  five  days. 

fifth  day  tl;e 

and  reached 
ber  2d.     The 

the  tug  had 
d  accordinf;ly 

C/'/j',  Captain 
out  all  ris;lit 
ncountered  a 
went  to  pieces 
)eceniber  j2(1, 
d  steamer  set 
,vay  Company 
ix    feet    long, 

inches.  She 
were  designed 
icouver.     The 

officer  on  the 
ecu  Okanagan 
mnection  with 
,tion  Company 


i 


*ii 


But  few  additions  were  made  to  the  steam  fleet  in  the  Willamette  district  in  1893.  Capt.  F.  B.  Jones 
'.aunched  the  Vulcatt,  the  fastest  towboat  in  the  Northwest.  She  is  one  hundred  and  forty-four  feet  long, 
twenty-six  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  sixteen  by  seventy-two  inches,  and  can  run  faster  than  most 
<)<"  the  passenger  steamers  on  the  river.  The  .steam  schooner  George  H.  Clianee  was  lengthened  and  renamed  the 
llaiidorille.  Her  dimensions  are,  length  one  hundred  and  four  feet,  beam  twenty-one  feet,  and  depth  of  hold 
'.-ight  feet,  \/ith  engines  eight  and  one-half  and  sixteen  by  twelve  inches.  Capt.  J.  J.  Winant  has  handled  her 
since  completion,  with  John  E.  Kane,  engineer.  Ham,  Nickum  &  Co.  .set  afloat  the  Kehani,  a  small  sternwheeler 
about  one  hundred  feet  long,  with  engines  ten  by  forty-eight  inches,  at  Portland.  The  steamer  Blanco  was  built 
at  Mar.slifield  for  service  on  the  bay  and  was  commanded  by  Capt.  Jacob  Ern.st.  The  ferry  steamer  Vancouver, 
one  hundred  and  eight  feet  long,  thirty-two  feet  beam,  and  seven  feet  hold,  was  launched  at  Portland  for  the 
Portland  Consolidated  Street  Railway  Company,  where  the  steam  launches  Water  Witch  and  Wauna  were  also 
completed.  Major  Handbury,  United  States  Government  engineer  in  charge,  constructed  the  big  dredge 
W.  S.  Ladd  for  work  in  connection  with  harbor  improvements.  The  steamer  has  been  almost  constantly  in  service 
since.  She  was  at  first  commanded  by  Capt.  Richard  Hoyt,  recently  by  Capt.  George  Pease.  The  steamer 
D.  S.  /hiker,  Capt.  M.  Martineau,  towing  the  Cascades  wharf-boat  and  a  barge,  shot  the  Cascades,  June  26tli,  and 
all  landed  on  the  lower  river  in  good  order.  A  large  fleet  of  small  steamers  were  built  or  brought  ii.  for  use  on 
Puget  Sound  in  1893.  Among  the  best  of  them  was  the  I.ydia  '/'/lonipson,  ninety-two  feet  long,  twenty-two  feet 
beam,  and  six  feet  eight  inches  hold,  built  at  Port  Angeles  for  J.  R.  Thompson;  the  E.  D.  Smith,  eighty-nine  feet 
long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  at  Lowell,  John  VV.  Brooks  .serving  as  master  ;  the  Hattie  Hansen, 
seventy-one    feet    long,    fifteen 

feet  seven  inches  beam,  and  six  —^: ->.-■.    j-"  -  ^7 

feet  six  inches  hold,  at  Pontiac  •  t 

for  O.I.,.  Hansen;  W\^\x\^  Magic, 
.sixty-seven  feet  three  inches 
long,  sixteen  feet  .six  inches 
l)eam,  and  eight  feet  four  inches 
hold,  at  Port  Blakely  for  H.  H. 
Morrison  ;  and  the  Victor,  fifty- 
nine  feet  long,  fifteen  feet  beam, 
and  five  feet  .seven  inches  hold, 
at  Tacoma  for  E.  E.  Hunt. 
The  largest  was  the  Utopia,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-three  feet 
eight  inches  long,  twenty-four 
feet  six  inches  beam,  and  nine 
feet  one  inch  hold,  constructed 
at  Seattle  for  G.  W.  McGregor. 
.She  has  been  for  several  months 
engaged  on  the  Seattle  and  Van 
couver  route,  in  charge  of  Capt. 
John  A.  O'Brien'  and  Ivngineer  Louis  A.  Booth. '  Other  small  steamers  appearing  on  the  Sound  in  iSi)3  were  the 
/'^/w/^(«(•  and  /'haros,  launched  at  Port  Townsend ;  V'c/egraph,  l.illic.  Queen,  Gypsy,  Princess  atu\  Angi/nh  aI  Seattle ; 
Crescent,  Pclight,  Stampede.  /Ctsie,  Rhododendron.  Orion,  lunma  Florence.  North;ecstern.  Jimily  Se;,  •  I  a.w\  Hcniy 
A.  Strong  at  Tacoina  ;  .-//(/■/  at  Port  Blakely  and  /uho  at  Snohomish.  The  /ci/c  Ilnrrotts,  ni  ly  feet  long, 
eighteen  feet  five  inches  beam,  and  four  feet  eight  inches  hold,  was  completed  at  Aberdeeti,  Gray's  Harbor,  for 
.\.  P.  Stockwell.  Among  the  new  sailing  ves.sels  constructed  were  the  Winchester,  eighty-nine  feet  five  inches 
long,  twenty-five  feet  beam,  ten  feet  hold,  sot  afloat  at  Coos  Bay  ;  the  four-masted  .schooner  C.  S.  Holm  409 
tons,  at  Port  Blakely  ;  schooner  Columbia,  41  tons,  fdo  litla,  69  tons,  and  .S7.  Lawrence,  59  tons,  at  Seattle  ;  and 
the  George  //'.  Prescott  ai  Irondale. 

The  Seattle  Urydock  &  Shipbuilding  Company,  the  principal  stockholders  of  which  were  the  Moran 
Brothers,  in  1893  completed  the  marine  railway  at  Seattle,  by  means  of  which  the  largest  of  the  Sound  steamers 
could  be  taken  from  the  water  in  twelve  minutes.  This  railway  has  proved  of  great  value  to  steamboatnien  on 
Puget  Sound,  as  it  is  operated  at  much  less  expense  than  the  drydocks.     The  steamer  Chehalis,  hauled  out 


CAI'T.    W.   J.    IlRVANT  t       C.   CIIFRRN 

I'.   S.    StEAMHOAT    INSI'KCTORS.   rCClKT   SOCND    ImMRKT 


II 


m 


\U 


.    v.    II.    JiiSKS 


jps;  and  .S'(i/";i' 
n  of  a  line  of 
;  fleet  was  the 


'Capt.  John  A.  O'Brieu  has  been  a  well  known  shipninsler  on  llie  Pacific  Coa.st  for  twenty  years.  He  was  for  n  Ions  time  on 
Hailing  vessels  plying  between  the  Columbia  River,  TuKet  Soiinil  and  Cliina,  and  afterward  entered  the  ste.nmsbip  service  in  the 
Northwest.  lie  distiiinnished  Iiimself  in  iS.S^  liy  lioardiiij;  the  sle.inisliip  I'inolillit  after  !-be  had  liceii  abiiiidonul  off  Ciipe  I'laltery 
and  sailing  her  into  the  straits,  where  she  was 'picked  ii))  and  towed  to  Hstininialt,  saviiiK  the  nnderwriters  nearly  a  i|narter  of  a 
inillion  dollars.  Captain  O'llrien  was  snl)se(|uently  in  the  employ  of  the  Can.-idian  I'acifu-  Navigation  Company,  handling  the 
steamer  Premier  on  the  V'anconvcr  and  Tacoina  roiite.  Recently  lie  has  been  eiinnned  on  the  steamers  of  the  Pacific  Navigation 
Company  and  on  the  I  'topia. 

'I.,onis  .\.  Hoolli,  engineer,  was  liorn  in  .\lbany.  111.,  in  iSft4,  and  coiiinienccil  his  marine  career  on  the  Mississippi  River  in 
iSSj.  His  first  work  in  the  Northwest  was  on  the  tng  .V.  /..  iMaslid;  in  i.sK.s.  He  has  since  been  engaged  on  a  number  of  I'liget 
Sonnd  steamers,  and  was  for  a  long  lime  chief  engineer  of  the  Utopia. 


IHMIP 


410 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


July  19th,  was  the  first  vessel  to  make  use  of  this  improvement.  The  steam  fleet  on  the  Sound  had  increased  so 
rapidly  tliat  in  May,  1892,  Boiler  Inspector  HuUene  was  given  an  assistant,  C.  C.  Cherry  receiving  the  ofiiti;, 
and  Capt.  Al  Stream  was  appointed  assistant  inspector  of  hulls  a  few  months  later.  The  lighthou.se  tenikr 
Afan:aiii/a,  which  for  several  years  had  been  performing  excellent  .service  in  the  largest  lighthou.se  district  in  tlie 
United  States,  was  relieved  of  a  portion  of  her  duties  in  189,^  by  the  arrival  of  the  new  steamer  Coliitiihine.  Tins 
vessel  was  built  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1892,  and  on  completion  was  taken  through  the  lakes,  down  the 
St.  Lawrence  River,  and  thence  to  New  York,  where  .she  was  joined  by  Capt.  Charles  H.  Richard.son  and  Chief 
Engineer  Harry  Lord.  She  .sailed  from  that  port  October  30,  1892,  made  stops  at  Hahia,  Brazil,  Montevideu, 
Sandy  Point,  Valparaiso  and  Callao,  and  arrived  at  the  Columbia  River  in  January.  After  some  slijjht 
alterations,  she  entered  .service  in  charge  of  Charles  H.  Richard.son,  captain  ;  Arthur  Leighton,  first  officer  ;  II.  C. 
Lord,  chief  engineer;  and  Charles  H.  Mitchell,  assistant.  The  United  States  coast  defender  Monterey,  built  by 
the  Union  Iron  Works,  San  Franci.sco,  spent  several  weeks  in  the  Northwest  in  1893.  She  arrived  at  Astoria, 
July  loth,  and  was  piloted  to  Portland  a  few  days  later  by  W.  II.  Patterson,  anchoring  within  a  few  yards  of  the 
spot  where  the  United  States  schooner  Monterey  had  remained  for  several  weeks  thirty-nine  years  before. 

In  1893  the  lumber  trade  of  Puget  Sound  ports  furnished  employment  to  an  immense  fleet  of  sailing  vessels. 
During  the  year  the  output  of  some  of  the  big  mills  was  as  follows  :  Port  Blakely  Mill  Company  82,647,1)4- 
feet  lumber,  -'•,500,000  lath  ;  Tacoma  Mill  Company  54,787,480  feet  lumber,  16, 1 13,800  lath  ;  Puget  Mill  Company 
of  Port  Gamble,  Port  Ludlow  and  Utsalady  47,2,^0,000  feet  lunjber,  15,965,000  lath;  St.  Paul  &  Tacoma 
Lumber  Company  of  Tacoma  36.549,549  feet  lumber,  11,000,000  lath;  Stimson  Mill  Company  of  Ballard, 
21, 188,910  feet  lumber,  6.701.000  lath  ;  Bellingham  Bay  Improvement  Company  of  New  Whatcom  19.052,182  feet 
lumber,  1,925,900  lath;  Northwestern  Lumber  Company  of  Hoquiam  18,500,000  feet  lumber,  2,500,000  lath  ; 
Gray's  Harbor  Commercial  Company  of  Cosmopolis  17.375,029  feet  lumber,  4, 043, two  lath;  Washington  Mill 
Company  of  Port  Hadlock  16,000,000  feet  lumber,  5, 3a), 000  lath  ;  S.  K.  Slade  Lumber  Company  i5.476,(.oii 
feet  lumber,  3,700,000  lath  ;  J,  M.  Weatherwax  Luml)er  Company  of  Aberdeen  i  i,o(X),ooo  feet  lumber.  Other 
mills  of  smaller  capacity  in  different  parts  of  the  State  swelled  these  amounts  to  a  grand  total  of  757,641,892  feel 
lumber  and  110,387,400  lath.  California  furnished  the  greatest  market  for  this  output,  consuming  195,874,0(10 
feet  lumber  and  73,287,573  lath.  Deep-water  shipments  from  the  vSound  and  Gray's  Harbor  ports  inchuled 
16,000.000  feet  to  Chile,  ii,otx5,ooo  feet  to  Hawaii,  9,497,692  feet  to  Australia,  8,107,731  feet  to  Peru,  5.983.370 
feet  to  New  South  Wales,  5,117,411  feet  to  Mexico,  2,49i,(j47  feet  to  Cardiff,  2,356,555  feet  to  India,  4,26i,.'.!9 
feet  to  China,  1,275,148  feet  to  France,  2,141,029  feet  to  Africa,  1,349,157  feet  to  Ireland,  1,062,567  feet  to 
South  Sea  Islands,  1,004,864  feet  to  Germany.  Guatemala,  the  Argentine  Republic,  Scotland,  Belgium,  Japan 
and  England  received  from  481,000  to   1,000,000  feet. 

British  Columbia's  foreign  lumber  fleet  for  1893  included  nearly  sixty  ve.s.sels,  as  follows  :  George  Thompson 
1,128  tons,  Mark  Curry  1,256,  Fritzoe  1,078,  Colorado  1,036,  Highlands  1,236,  India  953,  liitlern  399,  Katherine 
630,  County  of  Yarmouth  2,154,  Hindoostan  1,542,  Seminole  1,429.  Ivy  1,181,  Asicl  795,  Naloma  1,106,  I/arry 
A/orse  1,313,  A>/(«  Hna  2,600,  Blairhoyle  1,291,  Mary  Low  813,  Sigurd  1,530,  Ataeania  1,235,  ^^'ythop  1,248,  Giyfe 
1,069,  Heinrich  923,  Doehra  966,  Kinkora  1,799,  Carrier  Dove  672,  Puritan  584,  Sonoma  098,  Ciunford  2.i(iS, 
William  H.  Starbuck  1,272,  Fortuna  1,332,  Gainsborough  985,  Eliza  915,  King  Cyrus  667,  Charles  /•'.  Crocker  .Si^, 
Hilo  642,  Lyman  D.  Foster  725,  Hesper  664,  William  liowdoin  728,  Flizabcth  Graham  598,  Geneva  471,  Aida 
507,  Robert  Sudden  585,  Sahator  444,  Louis  820,  John  /?.  'J'allcinl  533,  Germanic  1,269,  Reporter  333,  Snozc  & 
ISurgess  1,578,  Benjamin  Seaell  1,361,  Templar  910,  /('.  //.  Talbot  776,  F.ctipse  1,536,  Jleaconsficld  1,450.  .Seven 
cargoes  were  for  Sydney,  four  for  Adelaide,  .seven  for  Port  Pirie,  three  for  Callao,  six  for  Valparaiso,  three  tor 
Iquiqui  and  three  for  Shanghai.  Others  went  to  Plymouth,  Montreal,  .Vntofagasta,  Pisagua,  Antwerp,  Holland, 
Tientsin,  London,  Melbourne,  Cork,  Naga.saki  and  Cape  Colony. 

The  boiler  of  the  W««;> /'(f.vi)«  exploded  with  fearful  results  August  14,  1893.  The  steamer  was  on  her 
regular  down-river  trip  from  Lewiston  in  charge  of  Harry  liaughman,  captain;  Jolm  Anderson,  chief  engiiieei  ; 
J.  E.  Tappan,  purser,  and  at  7:20  .\.  .m.  swung  round  to  land  at  Wade's  bar.  When  she  came  into  position, 
with  her  bow  up  stream.  Captain  Baughmau  gave  the  signal  to  go  ahead,  and  at  that  instant  the  explosion 
occurred.  Those  on  board  who  were  not  killed  outright  or  thrown  into  the  river  were  so  dazed  and  injured  that 
they  were  unable  to  tell  much  about  the  affair  ;  but  a  young  man  standing  on  the  bank,  waiting  for  the  steamer, 
states  that  the  explosion  was  muffled,  so  that  it  seemed  to  make  but  little  noi.se,  and  that  the  boat  had  the 
appearance  of  falling  to  pieces  like  a  card  house.  Purser  Tappan,  but  a  moment  before,  had  left  his  bride  of  a 
few  weeks  .seated  in  his  office  on  the  upper  deck,  and  had  come  down  with  his  freight  book  prejiaratory  to 
going  ashore.  While  standing  by  the  gangplank,  within  a  few  feet  of  the  boiler,  he  It  the  .shock  and  saw  :i 
deckhand  standing  by  his  side  fall  dead,  with  blood  gu.shing  from  his  wounds.  His  first  thoughts  were  of  his 
wife,  and  he  turned  to  go  to  her,  but  on  looking  round  saw  that  the  house  and  caliin  had  been  swept  out  nf 
existence.  Captain  Baughman  felt  the  first  of  the  shock  and  saw  Thomas  Mcintosh,  who  was  in  the  pilot-house 
with  him,  beheaded.  He  then  became  uncon.scious,  recovering  two  hours  later  to  find  that  he  had  lieen  thrown 
ashore.  Those  killed  were  Mrs.  J.  E.  Tappan,  Thomas  and  John  Mcintosh,  S.  McComb,  William  Kidd,  Panl 
Allen,  A.  E.  Bush  and  George  P'.  Thompson.  Most  of  the  bodies  were  terribly  mutilated,  but  that  of  Mrs. 
Tappan  was  found  without  a  .scar,  indicating  that  she   had    been  stunned   by   the  explosion  and  drowned.     Tlie 


Growth  of  Deep-water  Commerce,  Great  Loss  of  Life  hy  Marine  Disasters 


411 


cause  of  the  disaster  will  always  remain  a  mystery.  The  boiler  when  last  inspected  was  apparently  in  good 
condition,  was  carrying  no  more  than  the  usual  amount  of  steam,  and  the  fusible  plug,  which  was  subsequently 
found,  failed  to  show  any  mark  of  excessive  heat,  as  it  would  had  there  been  no  water  in  the  boiler. 

Two  well  known  Sound  steamers,  the  /:'.  //'.  Purdv  and  Fannie  Lake,  went  up  in  .smoke  in  April,  1893. 
The  former,  in  command  of  her  owner,  Capt.  VV.  K.  Merwin,  was  in  Sullivan  Slough,  a  few  miles  from  La  Conner, 
loading  hay,  and  a  little  after  midnight,  April  yth,  completed  her  cargo  and  backed  away  from  the  dock.  Uefore 
slie  had  gone  three  lengths,  a  blaze  was  discovered  in  the  fire-room,  and  the  inflammable  nature  of  her  freight 
rendered  all  efforts  to  subdue  the  flames  futile.  The  engineer  threw  the  throttle  wide  open,  then  came  out  through 
a  window,  and  with  the  rest  of  the  crew  reached  .shore  in  .safety.  The  wheels  continued  to  revolve  for  about 
fifteen  minutes  after  the  steamer  grounded,  but  as  the  tide  went  cut,  leaving  the  vessel  almost  high  and  dry,  she 
Inirned  down  to  the  keel.  The  officers  of  the  steamer  were  VV.  K.  Merwin,  captain  ;  H.  A.  Soper,  mate  ;  John  A. 
Williamson,  chief  engineer  ;  John  H.  Skinner,  steward  ;  and  H.  B.  Campbell,  purser.  The  I'lody  was  valued  at 
al)out  $15,000  and  was  unin- 
sured. The  Fannie  Lake  met 
her  fate  in  the  same  way,  but 
little  over  a  fortnight  later, 
within  a  few  yards  of  the 
place  where  the  F..  IV.  PnrJv 
l)urned.  She  was  in  charge 
of  Alexander  Wood,  captain, 
George  Benson,  mate,  and 
Alexander  Riddel,  engineer, 
loaded  twenty-five  tons  of 
hay  at  Dr.  Calhoun's  place, 
and  was  waiting  for  the  tide. 
Shortly  after  midnight,  April 
26th,  the  watchman  saw  a 
slight  flame  amidship  just  aft 
the  boiler.  He  gave  the  alarm 
immediately,  but  the  crew 
had  barely  time  to  e.scape. 
The  mate  and  a  deckhand 
were  a  short  distance  down 
the  slough  with  a  scow  load 
of  hay  which  they  expected 
to  tow  to  Seattle.  Nothing 
was  saved  from  the  steamer. 
The  I'annie  Lake  was  owned 
by  Capt.  S.  T.  Denny,  Joshua  Green,  Frank  Zickmund  and  Peter  Falk,  was  valued  at  about  $5,'xx)  and  insured 
for  $4,000.  She  was  built  in  1875  and  was  always  a  money-maker.  The  fieight  steamer  /.  C.  Ilritlain,  owned 
by  the  Ivverett  Transportation  Company,  in  charge  of  Captain  McDonald  and  A.  F.  Hennessey,  was  wrecked  on 
Hell  Rock,  in  Rosario  Straits,  May  10th,  while  en  route  from  Roche  Harbor  to  Kverett.  The  steamer  .struck 
:iniidship  and  began  filling  rapidly,  the  incoming  water  firing  her  lime  cargo  and  .soon  damaging  her  beyond 
repair.  She  was  valued  at  $8,000  and  insured  for  $5,0110.  The  Chilean  bark  F.iilna,  for  Moodyville  from 
\'alparaiso,  stranded  on  Dungeness  Spit  during  a  thick  fog  August  4th.  She  listed  over  soon  after  striking,  and 
the  crew  reached  shore  with  their  personal  effects.  The  Iiiilna  was  originally  the  Nova  Scotian  bark  F.ulallia, 
which  was  purcha.sed  by  the  Chileans,  who  rechristened  her  the  Pusidint  lialmaceda.  Under  this  name  she 
loaded  lumber  on  Burrard's  Inlet  in  1891,  but  on  reaching  Valparaiso  she  was  again  renamed  the  Jiiilrea. 

The  steamer  Mascotle,  one  of  the  best  equipped  wreckers  in  the  Northwest,  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire 
August  ifith  while  lying  at  anchor  in  I'achena  Bay  between  Cape  Carmanah  and  San  Juan.  The  ve.s.sel  was  in 
charge  of  Capt.  Kdward  McCo.skrie,'  and  the  fire  was  first  discovered  at  2:110  .\.  m.,  apparently  coming  from  the 
galley,  and  spread  .so  rapidly  that  the  crew  had  hardly  time  to  reach  shore,  many  of  them  being  compelled  to  leave 
tlieir  shoes  and  other  wearing  apparel.  The  Afascolle  was  about  three  years  old,  and  owing  to  her  great  power 
.Hid  light  draft  had  proved  very  profitable,  working  among  wrecks  on  the  west  coast  of  Vancouver  Island.  The 
-Icamer/.  A'.  McDonald,  Capt.  Frank  Worth,  from  Seattle  for  Vancouver,  B.  C,  caught  fire  and  was  beached  on 
tlie  east  side  of  Prevost  Island,  February  2,^d.     The  hull  was  afterward  saved  and  taken  to  X'ictoria.     Tiie  tug 

'Capt.  liilwanl  McCoskrie  was  l)orn  in  luij^laiwl  in  1S52  .-iml  lias  licuii  coiiiierteil  witii  tlie  iiiariiu'  Im^iiifss  since  IidvIiooi!, 
'  ij^iinning  on  deep-water  .ships  at  the  a^e  of  thirteen.  After  sailing  to  vjirions  parts  of  the  world  for  over  ten  years,  he  went  to  tiie 
I  .reat  Lakes,  serviiiK  there  and  on  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  for  thirteen  years.  On  coming  to  the  r.ioilic  Coasl  In  was  first  enj;a,i.'e(l 
.,^  master  on  the  steamer  iu'Ue,  afterward  Koi"K  ^^  the  Mastotte,  which  he  eoninianded  durinj;  her  entire  career,  perl'orniin^  excelltnt 
vork  in  handliii);  heavy  freight  and  as  a  wrecker,  .\fler  the  IniriiiuK  of  the  Mcisioltc  Captain  McCoskrie  ran  the  steam  schoo'ier 
.'>fls,/iic/'  for  a  short  time. 


Stkamkk  "annik  Faxon"  Aftek  IC.ki'I.osion 
(See  also  page  3,i'>) 


f  ! 


%, 


<=. 


4ia 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Mystic,  H.  H.  Morrison,  captain,  William  McKenzie,  engineer,  was  struck  by  the  steamer  State  of  ll'as/ii>ii;ti>ii, 
Capt.  G.  H.  Parker,  in  Seattle  harbor,  P'ebruary  17th,  during  a  dense  fog,  the  tug  going  to  the  bottom 
immediately.  She  was  afterward  raised  and  repaired.  Tlie  little  steamer  A/i/lo/i,  on  her  way  from  Seattle  to 
Tacoma,  took  fire  August  8th,  was  beached,  and  soon  burned  to  the  keel.  The  sternwheeler  B//is,  plying  bi'twc^n 
Seattle  and  Sydney,  was  totally  destroyed  at  the  latter  place  by  a  fire  which  broke  out  at  one  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  while  the  watchman  was  asleep  on  board.  It  spread  .so  rapidly  that  the  steamer  was  cut  loose  from  the 
wharf,  and  she  drifted  acrcss  the  inlet,  where  she  was  scuttled  too  late  to  save  anything.  She  was  comparatively 
new  and  was  valued  at  $20,000.  She  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  W.  H.  lillis,  her  owner,  and  W.  VV.  Gates,  engineer. 
The  historic  schooner  /o/i/i  Hancock  was  wrecked  at  Sand  Point,  Alaska,  April  6th,  while  on  a  codfi.shing 
expedition.  The  John  Hancock  was  constructed  at  the  Hoston  Navy  Yard  for  a  Government  tug  in  1850,  and  a 
year  later  was  .sent  to  Annapolis,  Md.,  as  a  practice  ship  for  the  use  of  the  Naval  Academy.  During  llie 
excitement  attendant  on  the  Lopez  expedition  she  was  armed  with  brass  six-pounders  and  sent  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  as  a  man-of-war.  On  returning  to  New  York  she  was  ordered  to  Boston,  where  she  was  refitted  and  sent 
to  Japan  as  Commodore  Perry's  flagship.  When  the  difficulties  in  the  Orient  were  settled  it  was  on  board  the 
Hancock  that  the  existing  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Japan  was  signed.  On  returning  .she  cruised  a 
while  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  was  then  placed  in  Mission  Bay  as  a  powder  magazine,  and  was  subsequently  sold 
to  Middlemass  &  Boole,  who  rigged  her  as  a  topsail  schooner.  She  made  her  final  cruise  in  command  of 
Captain  Gaffney. 

The  brief  but  exciting  career  of  the  unlucky  steam  schooner  Michigan  clo.sed  in  January,  1893,  when  she 
left  her  bones  in  that  well  known  marine  cemetery  on  the  west  coast  of  \'ancouver  Island  near  Cape  Beale.  She 
was  en  route  from  San  Francisco  to  Puget  Sound  in  charge  of  Captain  Graves  with  a  full  cargo  of  general 
merchandise.  When  four  days  out  from  the  California  port  she  encountered  thick  weather,  with  a  heavy  westerly 
sea  and  strong  wind,  which,  with  terrible  northerly  currents,  sent  her  several  miles  out  of  her  course,  and  at 
10:50  p.  M.,  January  21st,  she  struck  the  rocks  about  thirty  miles  north  of  Bonilla  Point.  The  crew  escaped  in 
the  boats  and  reached  .shore  with  their  personal  effects.  Although  the  steamer  was  remarkably  strongly 
constructed,  the  great  force  with  which  she  struck,  together  with  the  weight  of  her  cargo,  rendered  it  impo.ssibk- 
to  save  her.  As  she  was  unable  to  communicate  with  Victoria  from  Carmanah  light,  Captain  Graves  crossed  to 
Neah  Bay  and  telegraphed  for  a  tug.  The  American  tugs  Sea  Lion,  Tacoma  and  Discovery,  and  the  revenue 
cutter  U'olcott,  started  for  the  scene  and  brought  the  crew  back  a  few  days  later.  Considerable  was  saved  from 
the  wreck  by  the  Victoria  wrecking  steamer  Mascotte.  The  Michigan  carried  a  crew  of  twenty-one  men  and  four 
passengers.  One  of  the  former,  a  German  known  only  as  Charlie,  became  delirious  through  his  hardships  on  the 
beach,  wandered  off  and  died  from  exposure.  Purser  F.  M.  Bucklin  suffered  greatly  from  the  same  cause,  but 
soon  recovered  on  reaching  civilization. 

Another  historic  steamship,  the  Wilmington,  Capt.  Peter  H.  Crim,  made  a  fiery  exit  from  a  varied  ami 
exciting  existence.  She  arrived  at  Astoria  from  the  Sound,  January  31st,  after  a  six  days'  trip,  during  which 
she  received  severe  injuries  in  a  terrible  gale,  in  the  midst  of  which  her  lime  cargo  ignited.  The  flames  were 
extinguished  or  subdued,  .so  that  no  further  danger  was  anticipated,  but  five  days  later,  while  lying  at  Linntoii, 
six  miles  below  Portland,  smoke  was  again  seen  i.ssuing  from  the  hold.  An  attempt  was  made  to  smother  the 
fire,  but  the  men  were  soon  driven  from  the  hold,  the  hatches  were  battened  down,  and  the  crew  at  once  moved 
all  the  stores  and  what  freight  they  could  .save  to  the  wharf.  The  fire  started  at  9:20  r.  m.,  Sunday,  February  itli, 
and  by  daybreak  the  heat  had  become  so  intense  that  the  engineers  were  forced  to  abandon  their  post.  At  X:i» 
o'clock  the  flames  burst  through  the  decks  and  soon  consumed  the  masts,  rigging  and  cabin.  The  steamer 
Ocklahaina  was  .sent  to  the  rescue  but  could  do  nothing  except  pump  the  hold  full  of  water,  and  it  sank,  warped 
and  t.visted,  injured  beyond  all  possibility  of  repair.  The  Wilmington  was  owned  by  the  Merchants'  Steamship 
Company,  composed  principally  of  the  smuggling  syndicate  of  which  Nat  Blum  and  William  Dunbar  were  the 
principal  members.  The  steam  schooner  l-lmily,  Capt.  F.  G.  Lucas,  while  cro.ssing  Coos  Bay  bar,  struck  and  lost 
her  rudder,  July  tyth,  and  becoming  unmanageable  drifted  on  South  vSpit,  proving  a  total  lo.ss.  Tho.se  on  bo.ird 
were  rescued  by  the  life-.saving  crew,  only  one  life  being  lost,  that  of  a  pa.ssenger  who  refu.sed  to  obey  the 
instructions  of  the  captain.     The  limily  was  built  in  1S87  and  valued  at  about  $20,000. 

The  Chilean  bark  Leonore,  from  Valparaiso  for  Puget  Sound,  was  wrecked  October  4th  three  miles  noilli 
of  Quillahuite  River,  Captain  Jenaca,  his  wife  and  four  .seamen  being  killed.  The  bark  was  caught  in  a  terrilile 
storm,  in  which  the  captain  lost  his  bearings.  At  about  1:00  A.  .m.  on  the  fourth  the  lookout  reported  a  vessel  uti 
the  weather  bow,  mistaking  a  rock  for  a  ship.  The  helm  was  put  hard  down,  and  a  moment  later  the  Leonore 
struck  on  the  rocky  shore.  The  wind  was  blowing  a  hurricane  from  the  northwest,  and  the  rain  was  driving 
down  in  torrents.  When  she  struck,  Captain  Jenaca  .seemed  to  lose  all  control  of  himself,  and  his  wife  screamed 
and  ran  to  the  mate  for  protection,  saying  that  her  husband  wanted  to  throw  her  overboard.  For  a  few  minulvs 
the  utmost  confusion  reigned,  tremendous  seas  were  breaking  over  the  ship,  the  wind  was  whistling  through  'Jie 
rigging,  and  the  keel  of  the  ve.s.sel  was  grinding  to  pieces  on  the  rock.  The  captain  forcibly  took  his  wife  from 
the  mate  and  leaped  overboard  with  her,  and  a  moment  later  a  heavy  sea  dashed  them  against  the  side  of  llie 
vessel,  instantly  killing  both.  The  cook,  carpenter  and  one  sailor  followed  the  captain,  and  the  sailor  was  the 
only  one  to  reach  the  beach  alive.     Thirty  minutes  after  striking,  the  vessel  broke  in  pieces,  and  the  crew  drilled 


11 

i 


3J 


Growth  of  Deep-water  Commerce,  Great  Loss  of  Life  by  Marine  Disasters 


413 


a  varied  and 

luring  which 

flames  were 

at  I.innton, 

smother  Ihi.- 

once  moved 

February  sth, 

est.     At  H:<x) 

The  steanitr 

sank,  warped 

ts'  Steamship 

bar  were  the 

ruck  and  lost 

ose  on  board 

to  obey  the 

miles  north 

in  a  terril)le 

d  a  vessel  on 

the  l.fo'i'it 

was  driviiii; 

vife  screaiiH-d 

few  minut's 

through  '.lie 

his  wife  fi^ni 

le  side  of  the 

ailor  was  the 

;  crew  drilled 


ashore  on  the  wreckage.  The  boatswain  succumbed  to  the  cold  and  was  washed  off  the  raft  and  drowned.  The 
survivors,  all  of  whom  were  barefooted  and  scantily  clothed,  made  their  way  along  the  beach  to  Neah  Bay,  where 
they  telegraphed  for  assistance.  The  tug  Discovery  was  sent  to  the  scene,  but  no  trace  of  tlie  wreck  remained. 
The  Leonore  was  a  wooden  vessel  of  843  tons. 

The  three-masted  schooner  /.  C.  Ford,  Capt.  Charles  Brown,  from  San  Francisco  for  Aberdeen,  foundered 
(iff"  Gray's  Harbor,  February  17th.  She  left  the  Bay  City,  February  gth,  with  a  cargo  of  lime  and  machinery, 
arrived  off  the  mid-channel  buoy  February  17th,  and,  in  attempting  to  run  into  the  harbor,  a  squall  drove  her 
on  the  South  Spit,  where  .she  lost  her  rudder  and  a  long  strip  of  the  keel  extending  to  the  mainmast.  She 
immediately  began  to  fill,  and  while  one  portion  of  the  crew  worked  the  pumps  the  other  was  employed  in 
keeping  her  off  shore  by  working  the  sails.  After  two  days  the  pumps  became  plugged  and  the  vessel  almost 
uncontrollable.  The  next  morning  the  lime  caught  fire.  The  scliooner  was  then  about  thirty  miles  off  shore, 
with  a  tremendous  .sea  running,  and  the  chances  of  safety  for  her  crew  were  small ;  but,  on  the  third  morning 
after  the  disaster,  the  Victoria  .sealing  schooner  Hrenda  bore  down  upon  them  and  .succeeded  not  only  in  .saving 
those  aboard,  but  also  in  securing  about  $2,000  worth  of  property  before  the  /•o/'n' went  down.  The  vessel  was 
owned  by  S.  E.  Slade  and  Capt.  Charles  Brown  and  was  of  231  tons  register.  She  was  built  at  San  Francisco  in 
18S1  and  valued  at  5i,i,ooo. 

The  whaling  bark  Sea  Rane;er,  Capt.  Charles  H.  Foley,  was  wrecked  at  the  extreme  western  point  of 
Alaska,  May  25,  i8y,v  She  had  run  in  before  a  light  breeze  to  enable  the  crew  to  land  and  bury  the  body  of 
James  McKee,  who  had  died  at  .sea.  buv.  ..t-"rk  an  unmarked  rock,  and  a  heavy  .sea  soon  knocked  her  to  pieces. 
The  captain  and  a  portion  of  the  crew  were  brought  to  Port  Townsend  on  the  City  of  Topeka.  The  sloop  Conic/ius, 
which  left  Victoria  in  December,  1892,  with  about  forty  contraband  Chinamen,  was  found  bottom  up  one  hundred 
miles  .south  of  the  Columbia  River,  February  10,  1893.  No  trace  of  the  crew  or  passengers  was  ever  found.  The 
American  bark  Co7i>litz,  797  tons,  Capt.  William  Hansen,  with  a  crew  of  fourteen,  sailed  from  Port  Gamlile  for 
San  Francisco,  January  29th,  and  has  never  been  heard  from.  The  steamer  Grace,  belonging  to  Capt.  W.  B. 
.Seymore,  caught  fire  while  lying  at  her  wharf  at  Chico,  and  her  owner  sustained  a  loss  of  S''>,ooo.  The  wrecker 
Whitelaw,  well  known  in  the  Northwest,  parted. her  moorings  during  a  sudden  squall  at  Russian  Gulch,  Cal. 
The  propeller  fouled,  and  the  steamer 
was  rendered  helpless  and  drifted  upon 
the  rocks,  becoming  a  total  loss.  The 
steamer  Truckcc  lost  her  propeller  on 
Tillamook  bar  March  20th,  and,  after 
transferring  her  passengers  to  the 
Augusta,  started  to  sail  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, but  being  unable  to  make  head- 
way was  towed  into  the  Columbia  River 
liy  the  tug  \\'allo;va.  The  river  steamir 
A'.  A*.  'I'lioiiipson  was  sunk  at  Mount 
Coffin  'i  .le  22d.  and  the  Oricut  .it 
Portland,  April  12th;  l)oth  were  after- 
ward raised  and  repaired. 

Two  of  the  oldest  marine  men  in 
the  Northwest  passed  away  in  i.Si)3. 
Capt.  Jackson  O.  Hustler,  who  came 
Id  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1849  and  com- 
menced piloting  on  the  bar  with  the 
schooner  .'^ary  Taylor,  died  at  Astoria, 
I'chrtiary  ist,  and  Capt.  George  P'lavel, 
another  pioneer  of  1849,  at  his  home  in 
.\storia.  July  3d.  Other  deaths  were  Capt.  George  T  Ivasterbrook,  a  res'  !.nt  of  Pacific  County,  Wash.,  since 
1S53,  at  his  home  on  North  Beach  in  June  ;  Capt.  V,.  J.  Moody,  a  well  known  river  pilot,  from  the  effects  of 
heart  disea.se,  at  Portland,  June  23d  :  Capt.  John  J.  Holland,  for  twenty  years  master  builder  of  the  Oregon 
.Steam  Navigation  and  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  companies,  at  Seattle,  January  28th  ;  and  Archibald 
X.  Gilniore,  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  Orei>oii,  at  Portland,  January  21st.  Mr.  Gilmore  was  formerly 
in  the  I'nited  States  \avy  and  was  o  .e  of  the  engineers  on  the  old  monitor  Mouaduock  when  .she  was  brought 
to  the  Pacific  Coast.     He  was  for  nearly  fourteen  years  chief  engineer  of  the  Oregon. 

The  most  important  steamer  built  in  the  Willamette  district  in  1894  was  the  Lercistou,  which  was 
obstructed  at  Riparia  by  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  to  take  the  place  of  the  Annie  Faxon, 
wrecked  in  a  boiler  explosion  in  1893.  The  new  steamer  was  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  feet  long,  thirty-four 
leet  four  inches  beam,  and  five  feet  three  inches  hold.  At  Portland,  Capt.  F.  B.  Jones  set  afloat  the  Fugcne,  a 
li.i,dit-draft  sternwheeler  one  hundred  au<l  forty  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  beam,  and  five  feet  hold,  with  engines 
twelve  by  sixty   inches.     The  steamer  was  placed  on  the  run  between   Portland  and  the   headwaters  of  the 


l-HANK    MeDKRMilTT  CAPT.   K.   S.    HnWARllS 

V.   S.   STKAMIIOAT    INSI'KCTIIHS,    \Vll,[.A.MKITK    DtSTRieT 


414 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Willamette  in  coniinand  of  Captain  Wand.  Tlie  whaleback  Ci/v  of  Everell  was  launched  at  Everett  in  1894  but 
was  not  completed  until  1895.  Small  steamers  built  on  the  Sound  were  the  City  0/  Hothwcll,  length  sixty-four  feet 
nine  inches,  beam  fourteen  feet  five  inches,  depth  of  hold  three  feet  four  inches  ;  City  of  Renton,  length  forty  fuel, 
beam  ten  feet,  depth  three  feet  five  inches  ;  Enigma,  length  forty-eight  feet  eight  inches,  beam  fourteen  feet,  depth 
five  feet  six  inches.  The  latter  steamer  was  launched  on  I<ake  Wa.shington  by  Riddel  &  Ward  to  take  the  pliioe 
of  the  old  .-/. /VrX'/wj.  The  .steamer  .//vV/ was  constructed  at  New  Whatcom  and  the  Vigilant  sA  Ballard.  The 
schooners  Stella  Hrland  and  Pciii^iiin  were  also  set  afloat  at  the  latter  place.  The  schooners  Loyal  and 
A/.  M.  Morrell  were  completed  at  Seattle,  and  the  Ella  Johnson,  a  fine  sealing  schooner  of  one  hundred  tons 
burden,  at  Port  Angeles.  At  Port  Blakely,  Hall  Brothers  built  the  Hawaiian  steamer  Eyas,  the  seventy-eighth 
vessel  constructed  by  them  in  twenty  years.  At  Coos  Bay  the  barkentine  Omega  and  schooners  (ieneral  Siglin 
and  Peregrim  were  launched.  The  British  bark  Anher  was  rebuilt  at  Port  Blakely  by  Captain  Calhoun  and 
placed  under  the  American  flag.  Victoria's  fleet  was  increased  in  1894  by  the  steamers  Shelby,  Mamie  and  Stian, 
constructed  in  the  Province,  and  the  tug  Mogul  vmA  .schooners  Amateur,  South  Bend,  R.  J.  Morse  a.nA  Pachwallis, 
all  of  American  build,  which  were  this  year  placed  under  the  British  flag.  The  sternwheeler  Gwendoline,  plying 
on  the  upper  Columbia  River,  with  headquarters  at  Golden,  W.  C,  was  added  to  the  inland  fleet. 

Capt.  D.  B.  Jackson,  to  whom  the  Puget  Sound  country  is  indebted  for  her  finest  steamers,  in  i,Si)4 
followed  his  former  successes,  the  Wa.shington  Steamboat  Company  and  the  Puget  Sound  &  Alaska  Steamship 
Company,  with  the  Northwestern  Steam.ship  Company,  which  .secured  the  Rosalie,  George  E.  Starr  and  Idaho. 
The  Rosalie,  a  propeller  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  feet  long,  twenty-.seven  feet  beam,  and  ten  feet  hold,  i-,  --s 
built  in  Alameda  in   1893,  sent  north  for  the  Puget  Sound  and  Alaska  route,  but,  after  making  a  few  trips 

there,  was  turned  over  to  her  present 
I,  ■  owners.     She   was    placed   on    the 

Victoria  run  in  charge  of  C.  W. 
Ames,  captain,  with  William  William- 
son, pilot,  and  the  Starr  and  Idaho 
were  operated  to  Port  Townsend  by 
way  of  the  mill  ports.  All  of  the 
steamers  enjoy  a  good  business,  and 
the  new  company  bids  fair  to  prove 
fully  as  profitable  as  any  of  its 
projector'.s  previous  ventures.  Cap- 
tain Jackson  is  president,  and  is 
assisted  in  the  management  by  B.  I'". 
Brierly  and  Henry  F.  Jackson.  A 
marine  railway,  with  a  capacity  for 
handling  vessels  up  to  1,000  tons 
register,  was  completed  at  Victoria  in 
1894  l)y  William  Turpel  and  proved 
a  great  convenience  to  the  scores  of 
sealing  schooners  and  other  craft  making  their  headquarters  at  that  port.  British  Columbia's  lumber  fleet  for 
1894  included  fifty  ves.sels,  thirty  of  which  loaded  at  Vancouver,  twelve  at  Moodyville,  four  at  Victoria,  three  at 
New  Westtninster  and  one  at  Cowichan.  Of  these  cargoes,  that  of  the  British  ship  Verajean,  consisting  of 
1,622,000  feet  of  lumber,  was  sent  to  Alexandria,  Ivgypt,  this  being  the  first  .shipment  of  that  commodity  to  arrive 
at  that  port  from  the  Pacific  Coast.  Another  was  sent  to  Amsterdam,  while  the  remainder  were  distributed  to 
various  European,  Oriental  and  vSouth  American  ports.  The  growth  of  this  branch  of  the  nKiiine  industry  is 
strikingly  illustrated  by  comparing  the  records  of  a  single  day  with  the  business  of  forty  years  ago.  One  day's 
fleet  in  1894  was  nearly  eipial  to  that  of  the  entire  year  in  1854,  although  .so  short  a  time  has  elapsed  that  some  of 
the  men  engaged  in  handling  the  first  lumber  and  coal  cargoes  from  the  Northwest  are  still  in  service. 

October  25,  1894,  the  following  vessels  were  loading  coal  on  Puget  Sound  or  in  British  Columbia  :  At 
Tacoma —American  liark  Gutherer,  Captain  Nervick.  At  Seattle — American  ships  Raphael,  Whitney  ;  Columbin, 
Neilson.  At  Nanaimo — American  bark  Highland  Light,  Hughes  ;  ships  Wihia,  Slater  ;  B.  P.  Cheney,  Masher : 
\V.  F.  Glascock,  Graliam  ;  Rufus  E.  Wood,  McLeod  ' ;  C.  /•'.  Sargent,  lioyd  ;  Glory  of  the  Seas,  Freeman  ;  John  ('. 
Potter,  Meyer;  Elvell,  Ryder;  Louis  Walsh,  Gammons.  Those  loading  lumber  were:  At  Tacoma — American 
barkentine    Willie  I.  Hume,   Bridgman  ;  ship   Dashing    Ware,    Morehouse";  .schooners   Carrier  Dove,  Brandt; 

'Capt.  William  J.  MoI.eoil  was  linrn  in  Nova  .Scotia  in  185S  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  since  1873,  sailiii),' 
out  of  Nova  Scotia  ports  for  many  years.  While  in  the  ship  Sea  Kifi^  a  few  years  ago,  she  was  in  collision  with  the  French  sliip 
I'iiioiiiir  off  the  coast  of  Chile,  and  both  vessels  were  dismasted  and  put  into  I'isagua  for  repairs,  where  the  Sea  King  was  .sei/t'l 
The  matter  was  in  court  for  seven  months,  and,  finding  it  difTicuIt  to  secure  justice,  the  captain  slipped  his  anchors  cue  night  ai.d 
started  for  .San  Francisco.  A  man-of-war  was  sent  after  him,  but,  supposing  he  would  go  up  the  coast,  followed  a  blind  trail  lur 
forty-eight  hours  witl'.out  sighting  the  vessel.  The  Sea  Kint;  in  the  meantime  went  off  shore,  with  every  .stitch  of  canvas  spread. 
For  the  past  few  years  Captain  Mcl.eod  has  been  in  charge  of  the  ku/iis  /i.  IVomi  in  the  coal  trade. 

'Capt.  George  F.  Morehouse  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1^56,  came  to  San  Francisco  in  1S71,  and  began  running  betwccM 
San  Francisco,  Puget  Sound  and  Honolulu  in  the  brigantine  Norlli  Star,  subsequently  wrecked  off  Cape  Flattery.  He  has  been  in 
command  of  several  well  known  coasters  since  then,  and  was  master  of  the  ship  Dashing  ll'az'c  when  she  made  the  fastest  trip  "ii 
record  between  San  Francisco  and  Tacoma.     He  is  still  in  charge  of  the  Have  and  when  ashore  resides  in  San  Francisco. 


(^.^ififTinmii^! 


NOHTHWKSTKRN  STKAMSHIP  CdMI'ANV'S  STHAMKH   "ROSALIK' 


Growth  of  Deep-water  Commerce,  Great  Loss  of  Life  by  Marine  Disasters 


415 


At  Port  Hadlock  —  American  barkentiiie 


^v^t 


Jennie   Wand,  Olsen  ;  Annie  Larson,  White ;  limma  Claudina,  Neilson  ;  British  ship   IVindsor  Paik,  I.ambie. 

At    Port    Blalcely — American    schooners   Alealde,    Sanders;     Vesper,    Lunhaldt  ;     IVilliam   II,     Talbot,    liluhm  ; 

Ceorge    W.   Watson,    Friedherg  ;  bark  Ceylon,  Calhoun;   barkentines  Modoc,   Bosch;   John  Smith,    Oroth  ;  ship 

Carondelet,    Brannan  ;    British    ships    Graystokc   Castle,    Griffiths;    lieechmont,   Sauter  ;    Chilean  ship  Ge(iii>ina, 

I'aroda.     At  Port  Gamble— American  barkentines  .Skagit,  Robinson;  Amelia,  Ward;  bark  Arhcright,  Moore'; 

schooner  Spokane,   Jameson.     At  Seattle  —  American   bark    Colusa. 

Retriever,  Sloan  ;  ship  Guardian,  Bogan."    At  Vancouver — Ameiican 

harkentine  /migard,  Schmidt  ;  brig  Geneva,  Paulson  ;  bark  Colorado, 

l'"erguson ;    British  bark  Alexandra,  Barfield  ;  ship  Linsmore,  Fergu- 
son.      At    New  Westminster  —  American    .schooner    Sadie,   Smith. 

The  German   bark   Senta,  Thiemann,  at  New  Westminster,  and  the 

liriti.sh  bark  Corryveehan ,  Abbott,  at  Victoria,  were  loading  salmon. 

At  Tacoma  the  British  ships  Andrana,   Adams,   /iton  //all,  Lorison, 

Glenftnlas,  Patterson,  and  l.ewiston,  Latta,  were  loading  wheat.     The 

American  schooner    //'.   /•".  Je-actt,    Johnson,    was    at    Port  Angeles 

and  the  schooner  Norma,  Thompson,"  at    Port  Townsend,  ready  for 

sea.     The  barkenline  Wrestler,  Bergman,  was  at  Victoria  repairing, 

and  the  bark  Melrose,  Kalb,  at  Port  Town.send  awaiting  orders.     The 

Shirley,  at  Tacoma,  and  the  Vidctte,  Northwest  and    Tidal  Wave  at 

Port  Madison,  were  laid  up.     The  latter  three  were  sold  in  December 

by  the  United  States  marshal  to  A.  W.  Jackson  of  San  Francisco.     In 

iScj4,  at    the   Port  Townsend  custom-hou.se,  268  ves.sels   registering 

over  twenty  tons  were  enrolled,  and   105  were  also  registered    there 

under  twenty  tons  burden,  making  a  grand  total  for  that  district  of 

37,^  ve.s.sels,  with  a  total  net  tonnage  of  94,225. 

The  closing  days  of  181)4  were  marked  by  a  series  of  marine 

disasters  attended  by  greater  lo.ss  of  life  than  in  any  year  since  the  fatal 

1S75.     The  steamers  A/ontserrat  and  Keiveenaw  and  the  ship  /van hoe, 

carrying  over  eighty  people,  sailed  away  with  coal  cargoes,  and  were 

lilotted  out  of  existence  with  all  on  board.     Scanty  pieces  of  wreckage 

found  on  the  desolate  islands  of  the  north  furnished  the  only  clew 
to  the  awful  fate  which  overwhelmed  them.  The  first  of  the  trio,  the 
American  ship  /vanhoe,  sailed  from  Seattle,  September  27th,  with  the 
following  crew:  Kdward  D.  Griffin,'"  captain  ;  James  J.  Tooliig  and 
Charles  Christian.son,  mates;  William  Andolin,  carpenter;  Hans 
Stephenson,  M.  Stewart,  Frank  vSaariner,  H.  Johnson,  Ivmil  I<owen- 
roth,  George  Cordner,  Samuel  Hart,  J.  Johane.s.son,  M.  C.  Gunderson, 
Lenart  Holm,  W.  Herman,  John  Ander.son  and  Martin  Jacob.son, 
.seamen,  and  two  Chinese  cooks  She  carried  four  passengers,  among 
them  Frederick  J.  Grant,  editor  and  part  owner  of  the  Seattle  /'ost- 
/ntetligencer,  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  Washington.  The 
/vanhoe  passed  out  of  the  straits  in  tow  of  the  tug  Tyee  on  the 
evening  that  .she  left  Seattle,  in  company  with  the  Yoscmilc,  belonging 


CAi'T.  William  H.  Moore 


'Capl.  Williiuii  H.  Moore  li.is  liecii  sailiii);  in  llie  coasting  traile  out  of  Sail 
l'"raiicisco  lor  nearly  twenty  years,  He  was  mate  on  the  /.  II.  H'alkir  in  1S7.S,  liclil 
the  same  position  on  the  bark  II  'Una,  anil  was  master  and  male  on  the  C.  F.  Satgent, 
In  1891  he  had  the  hitter  herlh  on  the  tng  I'iouecr  anil  has  recently  been  in  com- 
mand of  tile  hark  Arkwriglil. 

'Capt.  James  Ilogan  was  born  in  Ireland  in  185.:  and  commenced  noin>;  to 
sea  when  ten  years  old.     In  1867  he  began  sailing  out  of  New  York  ports  and  in  1872 
came  to  tlie  Pacific  Coast  and  joined  the  Sliirliy,  then  ship-rigged,  going  from  her  to 
Cait.  jAMKS  iiDOAN  the  stcaiiier  Slmhi  ick,  where  he  served  for  tliree  years  as  tinartermaster  tind  afterward 

held  a  similar  position  on  the  Slate  of  Cali/oniia.  He  was  for  five  years  male  on  tlie 
sliip  Pashiiig  Have,  then  took  coinmand  of  (he  hark  Saiiio:el,  which  he  sailed  for  two  years,  and  was  then  appointed  master  of  tlie 
/'in/iim;  Wave.  He  left  the  irirrr  to  take  charge  of  the. S7;/r/(T.  on  which  he  had  entered  .service  as  a  sailor  many  years  before.  Since 
tliit  time  he  has  handled  the  brig  Courtney  Ford,  .ship  Giiantian  and  barkentine  A'elriever,  taking  the  latter  vessel  in  Jannary,  1S95. 

'Capt,  J,  S.  Thompson  was  liorn  in  Calais,  Me,,  in  1864,  and  commenced  his  marine  service  on  the  ship  Alivaiider  Gidsoii 
uheiiabov.  \fter  making  one  vowige  with  her  he  went  to  the  ship  .S7,  /(J.v^'/i//,  which  was  sold  in  Liverpool,  and  Thompson  was 
It  iiisferreii  to  the  ship  .SV.  Afarl;,  where  he  ran  as  third  mate.  He  was  afterward  on  the  ship  Manuel  l.laguno  as  third  and  second 
in  lie,  and  then  returned  to  the  St  Mark  in  tile  latter  capacity.  His  last  trip  in  the  deep-water  trade  was  witli  the  ship  M'illiai)'  A'. 
'iiiir.i-  as  mate,  and  on  leaving  her  he  took  command  of  the  schooner  Ckaltenger,  wliicli  he  sailed  iti  the  coasting  Ininlier  business 
fniir  years,  going  from  her  to  the  scliooner  A'orma,  which  he  handled  in  the  same  trall'ic  a  similar  length  of  time,  always  making 
l.i-t  and  successlul  trips.     In  1.S95  he  pnrchased  an  interest  in  the  bark  iWonautum,  which  he  is  now  commanding. 

'"Capt,  Udward  I).  OrinTin  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1856  and  was  engaged  in  the  marine  Imsiiiess  for  over  a  (jnarler  of  a 
o  iitury.  He  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  shi];  Steward  Heniieman,  which  capsized  on  the  equator,  and  was  one  of  eight  survivors 
0  It  of  a  crew  of  fifty.  .After  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  he  sailed  tlie  Ivanhoe  for  several  years.  He  left  Seattle  with  her  on  her 
lilt  voyage  in  November,  1894,  aud  nothing  has  been  heard  of  the  fate  of  the  Ivanlioe  or  her  crew. 


:  i 


4i6 


Lewis  c?  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


to  the  same  owners.  Outside  she  was  with  the  l>arkentitie  Robert  Sudden,  Captain  Burkhoini,  until  the 
next  day,  when  a  heavy  soiitlicast  gale  sprang  up,  which  increased  in  violence  until  it  blew  a  hurricane, 
accompanied  l)y  rain  and  hail,  and  the  weather  was  so  thick  that  nothing  could  he  distinguished  at  a 
distance  of  a  few  hundred  feet.  It  cleared  a  few  hours  later,  hut  nothing  was  .seen  of  the  Ivunhoe.  Tlit 
revenue  cutter  (haul  made  a  short  cruise  in  .search  of  the  vessel,  hut,  as  is  usually  the  case,  was  not  sent  to  tlie 
rescue  until  long  after  her  opjiortunity  of  rendering  a.ssistance,  even  if  such  a  thing  had  been  possible,  had  passed. 
Considerable  wreckage  was  sighted  along  the  coast  for  .several  weeks  after  the  storm,  but  the  first  that  w,is 
identified  as  belonging  to  the  Ivanhoe  was  one  of  her  life-buoys  picked  up  on  Chri.stie  Island,  Harclay  Souml. 
This  led  to  the  belief  that  the  vessel  foundered  soon  after  passing  the  straits,  as  she  was  .seen  going  off  short.-  lo 
the  southwest  soon  after  the  Tyce  dropped  her.  The  presence  of  a  northerly  current  in  this  vicinity  is  well 
known,  but  a  few  weeks  later  the  ship's  name-board  was  picked  up  on  the  northern  .Sand  Spit  at  the  entrance  to 
Willapa  Hay,  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  south  of  the  spot  where  the  buoy  was  found.     This  board,  wliiili 

was  from  the  port  quarter,  was  picked  up  by  the  lighthouse-keeper's 
wife  December  i8,  1S94,  who  found  it  standing  upright,  deeply  buried 
in  the  sand,  with  only  the  last  letter  of  the  name  visible.  Its  geiieial 
appearance  showed  that  it  had  been  exjw.sed  more  to  the  action  of 
the  blowing  sand  than  the  sea,  the  gold  lettering  of  the  name  being 
remarkably  well  preserved.  Commander  Farenholt  of  the  Thirteenth 
Lighthouse  District  secured  the  board  and  sent  it  to  James  D.  Hoge, 
Jr.,  of  Seattle,  accompanying  it  with  a  letter  .setting  forth  facts  strongly 
bearing  out  the  theory  that  the  Ivanlwe  must  have  been  in  Llie  vicinity 
of  the  Columbia  River  when  she  met  her  fate.  Commander  Farenliolfs 
letter  reads  as  follows  : 


CATT.    DaVM)  O,    Bl.AL'KHrKN 


"The  prevailing  ocean  ciirreiit.son  the  const  of  OrcKou  iinil  \Vasliiii),'iiiii 
are  from  tlie  soulhwanl ;  southerly  winds  increase  their  velocity.  Close  insliore. 
at  rare  intervals,  a  weak  current  from  the  northward  is  experienceil.  Ilnovs 
breaking  adrift  from  their  moorings  olf  the  coast  are  never  found  on  the  lieacl' 
near  their  ori^riual  anclioraj^e,  hut  mile.s  away,  in  some  cases  hundreds,  to  the 
northward,  and  this,  too,  when  it  is  known  that  they  broke  adrift  during  a 
nortlierlv  ^>\\^.  I  do  not  wish  to  advance  any  theory,  for  the  particulars  of  the 
loss  of  tile  Ivanhof  can  only  be  surmi.ses,  but,  to  jud^e  from  the  finiliu^'  of  this 
boaril  at  Willapa  Bay,  it  would  .seem  that  the  ship  fonnilereil  nuicli  farther  south 
than  is  generally  believed.  It  is  improbable  that  this  l)oard  was  carried  inshore 
otf  or  near  Cape  I'lattery  by  a  current  setting  to  the  southward,  against  stnm^' 
southerly  winds  and  currents.  The  topography  of  the  coast  line  from  I'laltcry  In 
Willapa  is  such  that  a  lloating  object  drifting  from  the  northward  would  pro'.iahly 
have  stranded  at  one  of  the  many  nutre  prominent  ])laces  than  the  beach  iit 
Willapa.  It  is  surmised  that  the  IViinluH'  sprang  ' a  leak,'  or  that  the  hiUilus 
were  crushed  in  by  heavy  seas.  Tumps  coidd  not  free  her,  and,  with  her 
heavy  carno  of  coal,  she  rapidly  foundered.  The  condition  of  the  board  hears 
out  this  theory.  There  is  in>  mar  or  defect  to  be  seen.  It  had  l)een  slrouj^ly  secured  to  the  ship's  (piarter.  Had  the  vessel  been 
in  collision  or  been  dismasted.  I  shoulil  Infer  from  the  locality  where  the  board  was  placed  that  it  would  have  at  least  been 
scratched  or  otherwise  injured    " 

The  Iiaiilwf  was  built  at  Belfast,  Me.,  in  1K65,  and  was  two  hundred  and  two  feet  long,  thirty-nine  feet 
beam,  and  twenty-seven  feet  depth  of  hold,  net  tonnage  i,5/>3.  She  had  been  in  the  coasting  trade  between  ,S;ui 
Francisco  and  northern  coal  ports  for  several  years  and  was  owned  by  the  Hlack  Diamond  Coal  Company. 

The  stcamslii])  .\foiilsrirat  left  Nanaimo  late  in  the  evening  of  December  fith,  and  the  following  morning  the 
steatnsliip  AVr,  (■<■««,■,'  left  Comox.  The  .Uoit/srna/'s  crew  was  as  follows:  David  O.  Blackburn,"  captain  ;  John 
Brewer,  first  ofiicer  ;  M.  Carroll,  second  officer  ;  Tlioinas  Brennan,  chief  engineer  ;  T.  Linehan,  first  a.ssistaiit  : 
I.  Williamson,  A.  Vobenson  and  K.  Agtiilera,  firemen  ;  H.  C.  Otto,  Frank  Brito  and  Thomas  Madden, 
coal-pas.sers ;  George  Holland,  P.  Hayes,  John  Heney  and  M.  Moore,  oilers  and  water-tenders;  Thomas  Williams, 
carpenter;  A.  Palla,  Alexander  McDonald,  R.  Hager,  Theodore  Nordstrom,  I.ouis  Simonson,  Gus  Borgeseii  and 
John  Johnson,  seamen  ;  John  Grolaw,  steward  ;  George  ICmanuel,  cabin  boy  ;  J.  Berros,  messmau.  With  the 
A'l'U'iriiau'  were  W.  H.  Jenkins,  captain  ;  A.  W.  Bowdoin,  first  officer  ;  H.  O.  Jenkins,  second  officer  ;  Charles  S. 
Smith,  chief  engineer  ;  Arthur  Jackson,  first  assistant ;  Archie  Kollock,  second  assistant  ;  J.  W.  Ryan,  tliir.l 
a.ssistant ;  L.  W.  Ravenaugh,  carpenter;  Hans  Jack.son  and  J.  W.  Ujornklund,  quartermasters  ;  Hans  Swansoi}, 
M.  Hanson,  Robert  Wal-'s  and  Max  Miller,  se.imen  ;  Charles  Daley  and  James  Dolan,  cooks;  H.  Thompson, 
pantryman  ;  Thomas  Martin,  waiter;  John  Fraser,  messboy  ;  Paul  Vincent,  George  F.  Wood,  George  W.  Dakeii. 
oilers  ;  Charles  Lee,   Luke  Moore,  John  ICvoy,  A.  Burke,   B.  Stevens  and  Thomas  Colleron,  firemen  ;  Michael 

"Capt.  David  ().  Hlackbnrn  was  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia  and  arriveil  on  the  Pacific  Coast  nearly  twenty  years  ago.  His  lir.-t 
work  was  as  a  fisherman  on  the  Cohimbia  River,  and  on  leaviuf;  there  he  entered  the  steamship  service,  working  his  way  up  friiii) 
third  mate  to  master.  He  was  at  different  limes  in  charge  of  the  .4/  A7,  Wilmington,  (hnnlilla,  it'n/hi  Walla,  IVillamtllf,  ami 
several  other  well  known  coast  steamships,  and  was  so  successful  with  all  of  his  charges  that  he  was  commonly  alluded  lo  as  "  I.uek  1 
Blackburn."  When  the  Afitnhiital  was  purchased  for  the  coal  trade,  Illackburu  secured  an  interest  in  her  and  took  commanil.  lb 
made  two  trips  to  the  Gilbert  Islands  on  blackbirding  expeditions,  which  proved  so  profitable  that  he  soon  secured  a  conlrolliui; 
interest  in  the  vessel,  which  was  always  a  money-maker.  Capt.  Blackburn  obtained  several  large  salvage  fees  for  towing  disahh  d 
steamers  into  port  and  had  a  highly  successful  career  until  the  terrible  storm  of  December,  1S94,  .sent  him  down  with  his  ship.  He 
had  his  faults,  and  may  have  engaged  in  questionable  pursuits,  but,  for  all  that,  he  was  a  whole-souled  son  of  the  sea  and  will  long 
be  remembered  as  a  unitjue  figure  in  steamship  history  in  the  Northwest. 


ni« 


Growth  (if  Derp-wiitiT  Commvrcv,  Greit  Los^  of  I  Iff  by  Mnr/nc  Dit^nnttrs 


•I'; 


1,  until   llic 

1  hurricauf, 
lishc-d  at  a 
i>i/ioi\  TliL' 
t  sent  to  lliu 

had  pus^cil, 
rst  that  was 
rcliiy  Soiinil. 
;  off  shore  to 
inity  is  will 

2  entranci;  to 
)oard,  wliiih 
juse-ket'licr's 
leeply  buried 

Its  general 
the  action  of 
:  name  being 
ic  Thirteenth 
ues  I).  Huge, 
facts  strongly 
11  ihe  vicinity 
;r  Farenholt's 


11(1  WasliiiiKlim 

Close  iiisliiiru, 

■ieiieed.     lUmys 

111  on  the  lii:ul' 

niidreils,  to  the 

adrift   (liirinn  a 

irtieiilars  of  llie 

■  tuiiliiig  of  this 

■li  farther  sonlli 

carried  inshore 

against  strong 

from  riaUcry  In 

would  pro'.mlily 

ill  the  heaoli  at 

lat  the  liatelies 

and,    willi    her 

ihe  lioard  liears 

the  vessel  la-eii 

at    least   liein 


rty-iiiiie  feet 
between  San 

)any. 

morning  the 
aptain  ;  John 
rst  assistant  ; 
mas  Madden, 
nas  Williams, 
Borgescn  and 
With  the 
Charles  S. 

Ryan,  thiid 
ins  Swanson, 
I.  'rhonipson, 
ge  W.  naken, 
lien  ;  Michael 


:r  ; 


s  ago,  Uis  lost 
is  way  np  from 
WillaDifltc,  ami 
•A  to  as  "I.uck, 
coimuand.  Hi 
ed  a  controlliiii; 
towing  disalih'l 
h  his  ship.  Hi 
ja  and  will  lonK 


Kavciinngh  and  John  Ward,  coal-passers  ;  ICdward  N.  Snow,  apprentiie.  The  Moitl^i  > ml  was  supposed  to  have 
two  or  three  passengers  aboard,  as  Hlackbiirii  was  noted  for  his  getieiosity  in  this  respect,  and  seldom  nuule  a 
trip  without  carrying  on',;  or  two  who  were  unable  to  pay  their  way  on  the  regular  steamers.  The  Moiilsciriil 
iiid  A'('.-.  V(V/i/// came  together  near  Cape  Flattery  on  the  afternoon  of  December  7II1,  and  were  la.st  seen  by  the 
lookout  at  Tatoosh  Island  toward  evening,  about  ten  miles  out,  iiluiiging  head  on  into  an  iiureasing  southwest 
gale.  The  .Uo>ils<  mil  ■.\\.  this  time  was  a  few  miles  ahead,  atid  when  they  were  sighted  again  in  the  evening  she 
was  about  half  a  mile  in  the  lead,  still  bucking  into  a  head  sta  liiat  was  gaining  in  Itiry.  As  they  vanished  in 
the  darkness  the  h'luviitali  was  .seen  shipping  an  immense  sea.  This  was  the  last  glinip.se  of  either  vessel,  and 
the  particulars  of  their  terrible  fate  will  never  be  known. 

The  storm  grew  in  ftiry  and  continued  for  over  a  week,  doing  a  great  amount  of  damage  atid  strewing 
wreckage  along  the  coast  from  San  Diego  t<i  Alaska.  .Motitlis  passed  befure  anything  which  could  be  idetilified 
as  belonging  to  either  of  the  steamships  was  fouinl,  but  on  I'Vbniary  j.Slli  the  medicine  chest  of  the  .Vonl.ui  1  nl 
was  discovered  on  the  beach  on  the  southeast  end  of  Mtalin  Isl.ind.  The  brass  plate  bearing  the  natne  of  the 
vessel  ,ind  builders  was  removed  and  given  to  Captain  Wallace  ol  the  (V/i  iV  '/'opiku  a  few  weeks  later.  In  May, 
iHi)5,  the  schooner  Maiui  S.  ran  into  Ro.se  Harbor,  (Jueen  Charlotte's  Island,  and,  in  passing  through  the  Indian 
village,  her  officers  found  numerous  pieces  of  finished  wood  which  apparently  belonged  to  the  lost  colliers.  Two 
of  these,  which  were  nailed  to  the  walls  of  a  hut,  bore  the  tiames  yfoitl^cnot  and  h'lat'iiuih.  The  liiKling  of  this 
wreckage  .so  far  from  where  the  vessels  were  last  seen  would  indicate  that  they  turned  before  the  gale  and  were 
looking  for  shelter  when  they  went  to  the  bottom.  One  theory  is  that  the  k'curciia/i,  which  was  not  so  well 
adapted  to  rough  wetither  as  the  Moiilsirnit,  broke  down,  and,  in  attempting  to  give  her  a  line,  the  Moii(sii  lat 
collided  with  her,  sending  both  vessels  to  the  bottom.  lilackbtirn  on  mure  than  one  occasion  had  |>ut  haw.sers 
aboard  disabled  steamships,  and,  reali/ing  the  value  of  his  services  in  case  he  could  sa\e  the  k'i:,itiia/i,  he  may 
have  taken  risks  that  a  less  daring  mariner  would  never  have  incurred.  Atiolher  theory,  wdiich  is  generally 
accepted,  is  that  both  steamers,  being  overloaded,  foundered  and  went  down  so  iiuickly  that  tioiu  of  the  men  had 
a  chance  to  escape,  Hlackburn's  reputatiim  for  templing  fate  in  this  manner  was  notorious,  and,  although  he 
had  a  remarkably  stanch  steamer,  he  invariably  loaded  her  down  tititil  she  was  left  without  sulllcient  buoyancy 
to  rise  with  the  sea.  His  numerous  hairbreadth  csca|)es  and  the  advice  of  his  friends  hail  no  eflect  on  him,  and, 
when  remonstrated  with,  he  would  only  smile  and  say  :  "  Never  mind  her.  She's  all  right  :  she  cati  climb  a 
tree."  Captain  Jenkins  of  the  A'<r.vv- 
luili  had  a  much  weaker  vessel  and 
lor  this  reason  had  never  taken  the 
chances  with  her  that  the  fearle.ss 
Blackburn  had  with  the  Mivitsn  1  at  ; 
Imt,  if  the  collision  theory  is  not  the 
coriect  one,  the  k'fhrfnuli  would  have 
had  but  small  hope  of  safety  in  a 
storm  tliiit  would  send  the  .Voiilsci  >  <il 
to  the  bottom,  even  though  not  over- 
loaded. 

The  \'ictoria  tug  listclli-  met 
with  a  terrible  fate  in  February,  1.S94. 
loutidering  off  Cape  Mudge,  cairying 
every  man  on  board  to  the  bottom. 
Particulars  of  the  disaster  will  always 
retnain  a  mystery,  as  there  were  no 
witne.s.ses,  but,  from  the  appearance 
if  wreckage  found  in  the  locality, 
the  wreck  must  have  been  similar  to 
that  of  the  Slniidani,  which  was  lost 
at  the  same  place  two  years  before.  The  l-'.sUilc  left  Naiiaimo,  l''ebniary  ,;d,  witli  feed  and  supplies  foi  the 
logging  camjis  on  X'anconver  Island,  in  charge  of  Capt.  James  Christiansen,  Jr.,  who  had  taken  command 
biit  a  few  days  before.  With  him  at  the  time  were  Herbert  Whiteside,'' chief  engineer;  Robert  Wilson, 
assistant  engineer:  George  Hallett,  fireman;  Carl  Johnson,  mate:  William  Morrison,  deckhand  ;  a  Chinese 
took,  and  Norman  McDougall,  part  owner  of  the  vessel.  The  first  intimation  of  disaster  was  the  finding 
of  wreckage  at  the  mouth  of  Campbell  River.  A  man  named  Ilalstonc  picked  up  a  life  preserver  and 
a  quantity  of  chopped  feed.  He  then  notified  a  neighbor,  and  they  made  a  further  search,  finding  a  large 
portion  of  the  pilot-house   and    the  engitie-room   door.      The   condition   of    this    indicated    that    tiie   accident 


Sl  Iv.AMMHIl' 


'■'Herbert  Whiteside,  engineer,  was  liorii  in  England  in  iSfiS,  ,iiiil,  after  a  thorough  eoiiise  at  Steplietison's  werks  at 
Xewcaslle-npon-'ryiie,  he  lienau  riiiiiiiii),'  as  eii),'inecr  on  Oriental  liners.  On  eoiiiiiiK  to  this  eoast  a  few  years  ajjo,  he  worked  on  the 
/  ';«<',  .llnskaii  and  other  vessels,  and  in  I'ehniary,  1S9.1,  went  ont  on  his  last  trip  as  engineer  on  the  ill-fated  I'sltili',  from  wliicli 
11"  tidings  have  ever  come. 


y", 


I 


418 


I  rtvis  ^  Dryikn's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nnrthwst 


CaI'T.  jAMKa  ClIHIsriANSFN.  JM. 


was  dill'  tt)  :iii  cxjilosidii,  wliirli  iinisl  have  lici'ii    of  a   iiiosi    viok-nt   nature,  ns    llu-  heavy  liniher.s  and  inm 
railitiKH  liad  been  turn  to  splinters.       Mr.    Ilaslnin,  one  of  the   owners   of  the   steamer,  ncednipanied  Captain 
Cluistiansen,  Sr.,  to  the  scene  of  the  wreck  and  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  explosion  must  have  occurred  in 
tile  open  air  Ucfore  the  vessel  sank,  otherwise  the  wreckage  wo\ilil  not  have  heeti  so  hadly  shattered.     Others 
were  c(|nally  certain  Unit  the  steamer  was  caught  in   the  tide   rip   ne.ir  Cajie  Mn<lne,  and  that  the  explosion,  il 
there  was  any,  did  not  take  i>lace  until  she  foundered.     Ca])tain  Christiansen,  who  had  charge  of  the  tug,  was  a 
son  of   the   pioneer    |)ilot    Christiansen,  and,  altlionnh   a   younj;    man,   was   an 
experienced   mivinator  in  Urilish  Coluniliia  waters.     No  trace  of  any  of  the  men 
was  ever  found.     Tlie  /:".i7<7/('  was  Iniilt  at  Nanaimo  in  i.S()i  under  the  supervision 
of   Ilaslam,  her    uianaRinK   owner,  at  a  cost  of  Jjn.doo.     .She  was  ninety   feel 
lolly;,  sixteen  feet  heani,  and  nine  feet  hold,  with  engines  fourteen  and  twenty-six 
liy  eighteen  inches.     The  boiler  was  only  a  year  old  and  was  allowed  i,^s  pounds 
of  steam.     McDoUKall,  who  was  on   hoard,   had    purchased   an   interest   in  the 
vessel  only  a  week  before. 

In  December  the  venerable  bark  Soiil/ieni  Chief,  from  Taconia  for  Port 
Adelaide,  Australia,  with  1)70, ooo  feet  of  lumber,  saved  the  lives  of  those  on 
board  by  fallinn  to  jjieces  off  Cajie  Flattery,  instead  of  K^'tting  so  far  seaward 
that  her  crew  could  not  reach  shore.  She  was  lowed  out  by  the  tug  \\\\iidfn-r 
and  squared  away  before  a  fre.sh  southeaster,  which  twenty-four  hours  later 
increased  to  a  moderate  gale,  in  which  she  laliored  very  heavily,  straining 
every  timber  in  her  frame.  A  big  leak  was  soon  started,  which  the  pumps  were 
unable  to  keep  ilown,  and  thirty  thousand  feet  of  the  deck  load  were  jettisoned. 
Two  hours  later  the  stern  ((uarlers  were  carried  away,  every  seam  appeared  to  open,  the  decks  bulged  up, 
cajisizing  the  donkeyengine  and  l)oiler,  heavy  seas  swept  the  decks,  the  steering  gear  was  adrift  and  the  vessel 
perfectly  helpless.  She  was  at  this  time  about  fifty  miles  southwest  of  Cape  Flattery.  On  the  third  day  out 
the  crew  were  rescued  by  the  barkentiiie  Skagil  and  after.vani  landed  at  I'ort  Townsend  by  the  tug  Sin  Lion, 
which  with  the  llolyokf  and  /Vdwciv  started  after  the  derelict.  The //<>/r('Xr  sighted  the  abandoned  vessel  forty 
miles  west  of  Cape  l-Mattery,  and,  when  she  got  alongside,  found  Second  Mate  Ha>es  of  the  barkentiiie  A'ltriiur 
in  charge.  The  JMrokr  was  the  first  to  put  a  hawser  aboard,  the  Sni  I. ion  did  so  a  few  hours  later,  and  together 
they  towed  her  into  I'orl  Townsend.  She  held  together  until  she  reached  port,  but  on  examination  it  was  found 
that,  instead  of  the  ship  carrying  the  cargo,  it  was  carrying  the  ship,  as  the  ve.s.sel  was  cnimbling  to  pieces. 

The  Sontlnnt  Chief  was  nearly  forty  years 
i,  old,  and  made  her  first  trip  to  I'ort  Townsend 

in  i,Ss7.  At  that  tiir.e  the  captain  had  a 
serious  disagreement  with  his  crew,  which 
ultimately  resulted  in  the  death  of  three  of 
the  sailors.  The  men  retained  an  attorney 
to  ])rosecute  their  claim,  and,  not  being  satis- 
fied with  his  settlement  with  the  captain, 
threatened  him  with  personal  violence.  In 
the  fight  which  ensued  the  lawyer  shot  Jaiiies 
Sparrotl  and  Alexander  Clarke,  killing  tlieiii 
instantly,  while  Muckley  was  clubbed  to  death 
with  the  butt  of  the  gun. 

The  William  A.  Beehf.  a  I'liget  Suuiul 
production  about  twenty  years  old,  w:is 
wrecked  on  the  ocean  beach  about  three  iiiiks 
.south  of  the  ClifiT  House,  December  m,  i.'<()|. 
The  schooner  was  from  Port  lilakely  for  San 
I'Vancisco,  and  in  attem])ting  to  cross  the  l)ar 
struck  and  began  pounding  to  pieces  in  llie 
breakers.  The  crew  were  driven  to  the  ri.L; 
ging  and  rescued  by  the  life-.saving  crew 
The  schooner  Nora  I/aikiiis,  in  ballast  from  vSan  Francisco  for  Gray's  Harbor,  lost  her  rudder  while  IryiiiK 
to  beat  into  the  harbor  October  iTith  and  drifted  on  Peter.son's  Point,  where  she  became  a  total  wreck. 
Peter  Peterson,  a  seaman,  was  washed  overboard  and  drowned,  but  the  rest  of  the  crew  escaped.  Tlie 
British  bark  .\iclicr,  from  Victoria  for  the  Columbia  River,  was  abandoned  off  Cape  Flattery,  Maicli 
i8th.  She  encountered  a  fearful  gale,  accompanied  by  a  blinding  snowstorm,  in  the  midst  of  which  litr 
loose  shingle  and  rock  ballast  shifted  until  she  was  on  her  beam  ends.  The  crew  hung  to  the  iim^ii 
rail  for  several  hours  before  they  were  able  to  launch  a  boat,  Andrew  Anderson,  the  carpenter,  and  Kv.nn^ 
a  .seaman,  being  swept  away  and  drowned.      Capt.  John  Dawson  and  the  rest  of  the  crew  escaped  in  a  Imal 


Wki;lk  in-  Sliihunkk  "William  I..  »ki;iik" 


drowth  of  Dfvpwntcr  ConiniiTcr,  (Innt  I.ohs  of  LIfu  by  Marine  Dianstrrs 


I") 


rs  and  inm 
icil  Caiilaiii 
occurred  in 
;d.  OtlKMs 
x])liisi()n,  ir 
•  tun,  wns  a 


I>ul);ed  up. 

1(1   lllU   VLSSll 

lird  day  (Uil 

ig  Sid  I  .ion. 

1  vessel  forty 

ilie  h'ltricii r 

and  tii).;(tlar 

it  was  fouiiil 

ij;  to  ]iieivs. 

forty  years 

rt  Towiisend 

)tain  had  a 

rew,  wliicli 

of  three  iil 

in  attorney 

beinj;  satis- 

lie   i-aptaiii, 

ioleiii-e.      Ill 

shot  JaiiR^- 

cillin^;  tlieiii 

bed  to  death 

ii(;et  Smiiul 
us  old,  \va^ 

three  miles 
)er  in.  [Xt,\. 
kely  for  San 
ross  the  liar 
)ieees  in  the 
n  to  the  riu 
aviiig  crew, 
.vhile  tryiiiK 
total  wreck, 
aped.  The 
ery,  Manl: 
which  la: 
o   the   pi'"!' 

iiid   Evan^, 
ed  in  a  boat 


and  n  few  hours  hitiT  were  picked  up  by  the  ship  /o/ni  ('.  Pollir.  Captain  \[eyer,  from  nepnrtiirc  Hay  for  San 
I'"rancisc().  The  .hi/i<r  was  afterward  towed  into  Clayo(piot  Sound  by  the  C.inadian  I'acilic  N'avinatioii 
Company's  steamer  ,\fiiiuii\  and  Capl.  John  Irving  subseipicntly  secured  the  tug  I'ioiirtr  to  take  her  to  \'ictoria, 
where  she  was  sold  to  Capt.  Unfiis  Calhoun  f<ir  about  $.(,<h)i),  Iler  new  owner  spent  about  )H.'ii,o(i(i  rejiairing  her, 
and  she  is  now  sailing  under  the  American  flag.  Tlf  'rig  /'.  /('.  Linas.  from  Hoodsport  for  San  l-'raiicisco, 
was  abandoned  at  sea  olT  Port  Orford,  October  j  (tli.  She  liail  battled  against  a  southeast  gale  for  over  a  week, 
ilnring  which  she  began  leaking  so  badly  that  the  clew  were  unable  to  keep  her  free.  Captain  Hose  then  starte<l 
In  run  for  I'ort  Orford  and  on  the  morning  of  the  Iwciity-fonrth  was  picked  up  by  the  steamer  lloiiur.  Captain 
I'aton,  who  took  the  crew  aboard  and  carried  them  to  San  Frimcisco.  The  derelict  continued  lloating  in  thai 
vicinity  for  several  months  before  she  finally  went  to  pieces. 

The  Hritish  steamship  ('ri>ir)i  of  l'.ti\iliind,  which   had  been   in   the  coal  trade  out  of  Nanaimo  for  the  past 
year,  was  wrecked  on  Santa  Rosa   Island  in    Novel 
b 


|.S(;4.     She   was  en  tonic  from  San  Diego  to  N'aii.iimo  in 
lUast,  went  on  the  rocks  during  a  dense  fog,   striking  at  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,   ami  was  soon  !)attereil 


to  pieces  by  the  sea.     All  hands  le.iched  the   island 


ifet\ 


d  John   I'oolc,  first  olliccr, 


five  of  the  crew 


went  to  Santa  Monica  and  telegraphed  for  assistance.  The  tug  /'ciir/fss,"  Capt.  Dan  II.  Haskell,  was  .sent  to  the 
scene,  an<l  the  wreck  was  afterward  purchased  by  .San  I'rancisco  parties,  who  succeedeil  in  saving  a  large  portion 
of  the  machinery.     The  (.'nnoii  ot  liiii^lond  was  a  i,ri(io-ton  iron  steamship  built  in  iScjn,  and  was  well  kno'vii  in 


the  '1  I'lli  as  the  first  steamer  chartered  by  Samuel  Samuels  iS:  Co.  to 


between  the  ( )rient  and  Seattle.     Not 


making  a  success  of  this  traile,  she  was  chartered  by  John  Roseiifeld  <S:  Co.  of  San  I'laiicisco  and  for  the  past  year 

had    been  iii  the  coal   traffic. 

.\t    the   time    of   the  di.saster 

she  was  in   charge  of  James 

Hamilton,    captain  ;     John 

I'oole,    first    oflicer  ;     Henry 

McOeorge,  second  oflUer  ;   K. 

Mehaffy,  chief  engineer  ;    D. 

D.  Dunn,  first  assistant;  and 

Iiihii  Clarke,  second  assistant. 

'.  wii  we  11  k  II  own 
ste.  :nshi'  ■  on  northern  routes 
twenty  years  before  came  to 
grief  in  iS(;4.  The  first  of 
these,  the  l.oi  A  >i  i;  f  I r  s  , 
fornierly  the  United  States 
revriuie  cutter  W'viiiidii,  was 
wrecked  at  Point  Sur,  April 
jist,  while  I'll  route  from 
Newport,  Cal.,  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  steamer  sank  in 
,d)oul  six  fathoms  of  water, 
and  the  crew  and  pas.seiigers 

look  to  the  boats,  part  of  them  reaching  shore  at  Point  Siir.  The  others,  with  the  exception  of  Xolaii,  the 
fneiuaii,  and  two  passengers,  who  were  drowned,  were  picked  up  by  the  steamship  luncka.  The  vessel  was  a  total 
wreck.  She  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  George  Iceland  and  Chief  Engineer  Wallace.  The  other  old-timer  was 
the  Niii'bt'iii,  Captain  Von  Helms,  from  Guaymas  for  .Sail  Francisco.  She  was  eight  days  out  from  the  I'ormer 
]")rt  with  a  cargo  of  oranges,  tan  bark  and  bullion,  and  thirty-two  passengers,  and  at  3:00  .\.  m.,  October 
1  (th,  grounded  a  few  miles  north  of  San  Pedro  lighthouse.  .She  wa.s  running  in  a  dense  fog,  a  swift  current 
carried  her  off  her  course,  and  she  went  full  speed  on  the  rocks.  The  pas.seiigers  were  rowed  ashore,  and  the 
vessel  broke  in  two  shortly  afterward. 

The  second  attempt  to  tow  a  log  raft  on  the  Pacific  Ocean  was  made  in  1S94  and  resulted  fully  as 
disastrously  as  the  first.  The  leviathan  was  constructed  at  Stella,  about  forty  miles  above  Astoria,  by  Baines  iS: 
Robertson,  and  contained  ten  thousand  logs  bound  together  by  immense  chains.  It  was  five  hundred  and 
twenty-five  feet  long,  contained  nearly  five  million  feet  of  timber,  when  ready  for  sea  li.ad  seven  feet  of  free  board 

'■'Tilt.'  Uin  /•'i\ti/i'is  is  a  Pacific  Cnast  proilndioii  ami  was  liiiiU  at  llie  I'liiDii  Iron  Works,  .San  I'raiu-isio.  in  iSy2,  iinilir  llii' 
--u|>t'rintt'nilt'nce  of  lier  inaster.  C'lj)!.  l);ni  H.  Haskell,  for  John  I).  Spreckcls  ^:  Co..  at  .1  cost  of  ;f i.),t.(xm}.  Slif  is  the  most  tinely 
vijiiipiieil  anil  poMcrfnl  lUHhoat  in  the  worlil.  Hit  <li"H'nsions  are,  length  one  lintiilrecl  ami  lifty-tlnee  feel,  beam  twenty  si\  feet, 
ami  tleptli  of  hold  sixteen  feet  si.v  inches,  with  en^jines  twenty,  thirty  ami  ftft_\'  !)>■  thirty-six  inches,  develojiin^  iifteen  hnmlreil 
'aorse -power  ami  enahliii),'  her  lo  make  very  fast  time  with  heavy  tows.  .She  fnllilleil  the  ex]iectation9  of  lier  hnilders  on  her  llrsl 
iiip  liy  towiiij.;  a  2, zoo-ton  ship  from  San  Diego  to  San  I'rancisco.  a  distance  of  4S5  miles,  in  fifty  hours.  C)winj.;  to  Iler  si/e.  power 
.ind  speed,  she  has  proved  a  valuable  addition  to  the  tUKlioat  Heel,  not  only  at  the  Hay  City,  but  all  along  the  I'acific  Coast,  where 
^he  has  made  <a  number  of  lows  between  the  Columbia  Kiver,  I'uj^et  Sound,  .Sail  Iiie^o  and  Sail  I'raneisco  and  has  also  made 
everal  cxlemled  crni.ses  in  search  of  derelicls.  Her  hull  is  built  tiirounhout  of  steel,  iron  and  leak,  (jiving  her  jjreater  sUiiiKtli 
ihau  is  possessed  by  any  similar  craft  on  the  Coasl.  She  has  been  hamlled  since  compleliou  by  Captain  Haskell,  who  has  been  fully 
.IS  .successful  with  her  as  with  Iler  predecessors. 


Tl  'i      '  l-I.AKl.l.SS' 


H! 


420 


Lewis  (|  Dryclen's  Marine  History  of  Me  Pacific  Northwest 


at  its  liigliL'St  ijoiiil,  and  was  drawing;  twenty  feet  of  water.  It  was  constructed  in  the  form  of  a  cigar,  fifty-two 
feet  wide  in  the  center,  willi  a  central  circumference  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven  feet  and  at  each  end  of  sixlv 
feet.  The  main  cliain,  \vl\ich  liad  an  liistorical  interest  as  the  anchor  chain  of  the  ill-fated  Vnndnlin,  wrecked  at 
Apia,  Samoa,  was  of  one  and  seven-eighths  inch  iron,  and  the  cross  chair. ',  which  were  run  at  right  angles,  were 
placed  at  intervals  of  twelve  feet  and  were  of  one  and  oiie-<iuarter  inch  iron,  each  attached  to  the  main  chain  in 
such  a  way  that  the  strain  of  towing,  when  it  came  on  it,  would  h;  brought  to  hear  on  every  chain  in  the 
structure.  The  tug  Moiundi  was  .sent  up  from  San  I'rancisco  and  in  command  of  Captain  Thompson  left  Astoriii 
with  the  raft  at  io:,vi  .\.  .m..  October  12th.  The  bar  was  smooth,  and  the  big  tow  was  soon  heading  for  the  .soutli. 
In  the  evening  the  wind  l)egan  to  ri.se.  and  at  midnight  a  forty-mile  .southeaster  was  blowing.  At  4:00  a.  m.  the 
tug  had  made  but  eighteen  miles  since  leaving  the  Columbia,  and  that  afternoon  another  gale  commenced,  .so  that 
she  could  make  no  headway  ;  and  all  that  night  the  Moiituch  and  the  raft  rolled  in  the  trough  of  the  sea.  The 
wind  ea.scd  up  the  next  morning,  but  the  heavy  sea  running  rendered  it  extremely  difTicnlt  to  proceed,  and  at 
daylight  piles  were  noticed  coming  out  of  the  raft  both  fore  and  aft.  At  10:00  A.  .M.  on  the  fourteenth  the  steamer 
had  made  forty-six  miles  of  her  jonrne\ .  A  thick  fog,  accompanied  by  a  heavy  westerly  swell,  was  encountered 
on  the  morning  of  the  fifteenth,  and  at  4:00  i>.  m.  the  v  wvX  was  blowing  forty  miles  an  hour  with  an  ugly  cross 
.sea.  The  next  morning  the  waves  were  rapidly  battering  the  raft  to  pieces,  and  an  hour  after  daylight  there 
were  only  seventy  five  feet  left  together.  Finding  thai  further  efforts  were  useless,  the  remainder  of  the  tow  was 
cut  adrift.  There  were  sixty  tons  of  chain  arDiind  the  piles,  and,  as  the  timbers  slipped  out,  the  chain  went  to 
the  bottom,  anchoring  the  tug  until  the  hawser  was  cut. 

The  steamer  Oiifcii.  plying  on  Kaniloops  Lake  and  T'-omp.son  River  in  charge  of  Captain  Ritchie  of 
New  Westminster  and  Engineer  Martin,  was  blown  to  pieces  by  a  boiler  explosion  July  4th.  The  accident 
happened  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning,  just  as  the  steamer  wr"'  landing  at  a  point  about  twelve  miles  north  of 
Kamloops,  at  the  mouth  of  Tliompson  River.  Joseph  Kusliond,  fireman,  and  Joseph  Priette,  cook,  were  instantly 
killed,  and  the  captain,  who  was  at  the  wheel,  was  scalded,  cut  and  bruised.  J.  \\.  Saucier,  owner  of  the  (Jitcei!. 
was  aboanl  at  the  time  but  eseajied  comparatively  uninjured.  The  Williani  /irii/t,^  struck  a  rock  at  Sand  Bar, 
near  Farr  s  Bluff  on  the  Fra.ser,  in  June,  and  sank  in  a  few  minutes.  An  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  to  raise 
the  steamer,  and  she  was  then  abandoned  and  at  low  water  stripped  of  her  machinery.  The  /i  ;iiii;  had  been 
up  the  river  to  tow  to  Westminster  the  A'.  /'.  killni,  which  had  broken  her  shaft  the  day  before  when  rounding  a 
sharp  turn  in  the  river.  The  schooner  Maiy  Gilbo  t,  Cai)t.  J.  W.  Dodge,  with  a  cargo  of  merchandise,  was  lost 
off  the  south  head  of  Alsea  Bay.  I)eceml)er  17th.  The  whaling  barks  Abyaliaiii  /Im  /cfi\  Rcindcfi  and  /niiin 
Allen  were  wrecked  in  the  north  in  iSv4,  the  latter  on  the  Aleutian  Islands,  where  she  struck  a  rock  and 
foundered,  over  twenty  lives  being  lost. 

The  bark  A'.  A'.  //,nii.  Capt.  I.  W.  tine,  met  her  fate  on  Dungeness  Spit  in  August.  The  ves.se  1  had  made 
over  one  hundred  trips  b.tween  I'uget  Sound  and  vSan  Francisco  in  charge  of  Captain  Gove,  who  had  never  liefoie 
lost  a  man  or  met  with  an  accident.  It  was  at  first  hoped  that  th'.'  bark  would  be  again  afloat,  but  her  age 
prevented  saving  '.nything  except  portions  of  the  rigging.  The"  barkentine  /ii/;;/  U'tu  ns/ti ,  from  Seattle  for  ,Saii 
F'rancisco  with  coal,  was  abandoned  December  iitli  forty  miles  off  (Cray's  Harbor.  The  crew  were  rescued  by 
the  barkeutine  North  Bend  m\A  landed  at  lloiiniam,  December  15th.  The  schooners  Fanny  Dti/ard  anA  Noncny 
collided  off  Clallam  Bay,  January  nth.  The  latter  vessel  received  injuries  which  could  not  be  repaired  and 
drifteil  over  to  the  Vancouver  Island  shore  and  soon  broke  up,  the  crew  being  saved.  The  bark  /ic>naiu(t.  from 
Port  Gamble  for  Delagoa  Bay,  ,Si,itl'.  Africa,  went  aground  December  22'\  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Flast 
London.  Captain  Stetson  had  ligiileiied  the  ship  by  taking  off  her  deck  load  belon-  attemptinj;  to  iiitei,  luit  the 
water  was  too  low,  and  the  old  lumber  drogher  went  to  jiieces.  The  small  sehooiK-r  (iairiii  was  wrecked  near 
Cape  Meares  lighthouse,  I)eceml)er  uth. 

The  steamer  Coliimlna,  the  flagship  of  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company's  fleet,  burned 
to  the  water's  e-lge  near  the  boundary  line  at  i:,V'  --V-  ''^L.  August  2d.  The  fire  started  in  the  engine-room,  ami 
within  live  minutes  from  the  time  the  alarm  was  given  the  entire  steamer  was  in  flames,  and  the  pas.seiigers  ami 
crew  were  iiiialile  to  sc.ure  .ill  of  their  clothi.ijf.  The  Colianoia  was  in  el  ige  of  John  C.  Gore,  captain  ;  Fred 
Bell,  engineer  ;  and  C.  .\.  \\  right,  purser.  The  steamer  (h  /en/  ended  a  career  of  vici.ssitudes  in  September,  iScj.), 
by  burning  at  Kelso  on  the  Cowlitz  River.  She  had  sunk  on  the  river  in  June,  and  at  the  tune  of  the 
conflagration  was  on  the  beach  for  rejiairs.  The  steamer  Dii[>aleh  burned  May  24th  at  Friday  Harbor,  the 
Messenger  four  days  later  at  Tacoma,  and  the  I'/ii;//  '/'.  Piiee  at  Port  Gamble.  January  iith.  The  Cily  01 
S/anicood,  owned  Iiy  the  Staiiwood  Xavigati^Mi  Company,  burned  to  the  water's  edge  at  Port  .Susan,  January  21>1. 
while  on  her  regiii...-  trip  from  the  Stillagu- •iiisli  River  to  Seattle.  She  had  a  full  cargo  of  oats  and  hay,  and  tin 
fire  \,as  not  discovered  until  it  had  gained  ,so  iiiiieh  headway  that  it  could  not  be  extinguished.  The  steamer  w.i-^ 
valuei'  at  about  Sio,(iiii)  and  was  insured  for  $5    'oo. 

A  new  style  of  marine  craft,  ii  which  gasoline  was  use.',  -s  motive  jiower,  appeared  in  the  Northwest  i)i 
1.S94.  T'  e  largest  of  these  was  the  Moio,  ninety-five  feet  longand  twenty-two  feet  beam.  She  was  sclioouer-rigge'l 
and  lia<l  a  speed  of  eight  knots  an  hour  without  the  aid  of  sails.  The  .Uoio  and  severa'  .ther  gasoline  schoonei- 
were  engaged  in  halibut  fishing,  and.  owing  to  the  small  cost  of  operation,  proved  very  profitable.  The  halibiit 
bulks  in  tlie  Northwest  li.ul  fiir  several  years  been  fiirnishiug  large  (piantities  of  this  most  delicious  fish,  and  in 


ar,  fiftyUvo 
end  of  sixty 
,  wrecked  M 
angles,  were 
nin  chain  in 
•liain  in  llic' 
1  left  Astori;\ 
sr  the  sonth. 
•.oo  A.  Ji.  tht 
need,  so  that 
le  sea.     The 
iceed,  and  at 
1  the  steaniir 
i  enconntered 
m  ugly  cross 
aylight  there 
"  the  tow  was 
:liain  went  to 

in  Ritchie  of 
The  accident 
niles  north  of 
,vere  instantly 
of  the  Oitceii, 
at  Sand  Bar, 
made  to  raise 
i/wi,'  had  been 
en  rounding  a 
idise,  was  lost 
■fi  and  /(iMis 
k   a  rock  and 

sstl  had  made 

d  never  before 
but  her  age 

jealtle  for  San 

re  rescued  by 

/and  A'onrdV 

repaired  and 

lioiiaii:,a.  from 
arbor  of  Ivasl 
rnlti ,  lull  the 
wrecked  near 

's  lleet,  burned 

;ine-rooni,  and 

passengers  and 

captain  :  Kred 

pleniber,  i!S94' 

e  tune  of  the 

•   Harbor,  the 

The    Lily  ol 

January  21  si. 

il  hay,  and  tin 

he  steamer  wa-; 

Northwest  in 

chooner-riggeil 

)line  schoonei- 

The  halibut 

\is  fish,  and  i:i 


Growth  of  Dvcfi-water  Commen-.v,  Great  Loss  of  Life  by  Mnrim;  Dis:isfers 


421 


1894  the  Victoria  Trading  &  Fishing  Company  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  engaging  in  the  trade  in  a 
practical  manner.  The  hull  of  the  old  steamer  /.uttn/ was  .secured  as  a  floating  station  for  the  fisliermen,  supplied 
with  facilities  for  storing  the  fish,  and  placed  in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  I.,.  Anderson.  The  steamer  Thislle,  Capt. 
Wallace  Langley,  was  engaged  to  ply  between  the  grounds  and  Victoria,  from  which  point  the  halibut  were 
shipped  Hast,  Tiie  business  has  proven  highly  successful,  the  Thisllc  on  more  than  (me  occasion  returning  with 
cargoes  of  over  one  hundred  thousand  pounds,  those  of  her  first  six  trips  aggregating  five  hundred  and  twenty 
thousand.  One  day  in  1895  the  crew  of  the  Thistlf  and  other  fishermen  in  the  employ  of  the  company  took 
73,557  pounds  of  fish,  which  is  said  to  be  the  largest  catch  of  halibut  ever  made  in  a  single  day  by  one  vessel. 

While  the  early  publictition  of  this  work  forbids  a  detailed  record  of  marine  progress  in  1895,  space  is  given 
to  some  of  the  more  important  events  to  show  that  the  new  Northwest  is  not  permitting  its  prestige  to  wane. 
Ivcss  than  a  decade  has  elapsed  since  the  first  regular  steamship  left  the  Orient  for  the  Northwest,  yet  the  present 
year  witnesses  a  dozen  magnificent  liners  plying  between  China  and  Japan,  and  the  Columbia  River,  riiget  Sound 
and  British  Columbia.  Another 
line  has  established  a  finej  trade 
with  the  Antipodes,  while  a  third 
is  finding  a  market  for  Northwest- 
ern products  in  far-away  Africa. 
The  grain  and  lumber  fleet  is  larger 
than  ever  before,  and  the  number 
of  vessels  on  river,  lake  and  sound 
are  keeping  pace  with  the  progress 
on  the  high  .seas.  In  a  few  months 
the  long-delayed  canal  at  the  Cas- 
cades of  the  Columbia  will  be 
fini.shed  ;  then,  with  a  boat  railway 
at  The  Dalles,  the  immen.se  wheat 
crop  of  the  inland  empire  will  fioal 
seaward  on  one  of  the  grandest 
commercial  highways  on  the  face 
of  the  earth.  I'uget  Sound  rejoices 
over  the  completion  of  the  large 
Goveriunent  drydnck  at  Port 
Orchard,  and  the  beginning  of 
work  on  the  ship  canal  which  will 
connect  Lake  Washington  with  lilliott  Bay,  thus  alTording  the  Ijueen  Cily  all  t'lC  advantages  of  oilier  fresh- 
water harbors.  This  work  recinires  the  excavation  of  thirty-five  itiill'on  cu'.ic  yards  of  e;ulh,  and,  when 
completed,  the  canal  will  be  10,225  f^'"-''  '""K.  '^'^  ft"'-''-  wide  at  ll-e  bottom,  and  will  accn  i-.nuxla'.e  ships  of  thirty 
feel  draught.      It  will  require  but  one  lock,  as  the  lake  is  less  Ih  in  twenty  feel  higher  lliaii  the  bay. 

The  largest  craft  of  any  description  ever  .set  atloat  in  'he  Northwest  was  the  wlialebaek  C  .'.:■  ot  l'.:ii;il, 
which  was  completed  at  I'Aerett  early  in  1895  at  a  cost  of  nearl;-  S.V'o.oo.  1.  This  steamer,  the  material  lor  wliich 
was  brought  out  on  the  (".  W.  Wftntoir.  is  three  hundred  and  sixty-one  feet  long,  fort\-two  feet  beam,  and 
hventy-six  feet  six  inches  hold,  with  engines  twenty-four,  thirty -eight  and  sixty-four  by  forty  two  inches,  turning 
a  fourteen-foot  propeller.  She  has  four  Scotch  boilers  eleven  by  twelve  feet.  While  steaming  in  ballast  she 
ilraws  about  fourteen  feet  aft  and  eleven  feet  forward,  and  when  Io::ded  has  a  draft  of  about  twenty  t'eet  six  inche's. 
Her  carrying  capacity  is  4,200  tons,  beside  375  tons  of  fuel.  The  eiili;;'  hull  is  const- iieted  of  ^Uel,  the  plates  being 
nine-sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  thickness  at  the  bottom,  with  double  keel  plale^;,  the  on'.sulc  one  being  thirteen- 
■'ixleenths  of  an  inch.  The  frame  is  composed  of  keel  and  keelson,  with  five  ridet  keelsons  on  either  side. 
Ivach  frame  is  of  angle  steel,  twenty-four  inches  apart,  joined  at  the  lo|),  forming,  in  hoop  shape,  the  deck  beams. 
The  outside  structure  is  bound  across  with  heavy  steel  beams  nine  by  iVuir  and  one-half  iiulies,  attached  by 
heavy  knee  plates  to  every  fourth  frame,  and  fore  and  aft  to  angles  seven  liv  three  inches,  three  at  a  side. 
I'erpendicularly  she  is  supported  by  stanchions  on  either  side  to  alternate  lloors  and  to  the  main  deck.  There  are 
>evjn  water-tight  bulkheads,  three  of  which  exteiwl  to  the  deck.  They  include  two  collision  bulkheads,  one  ten 
feet  and  the  other  forty-six  feel,  from  the  drumhead  or  head  of  the  vessel,  and  are  compose!  of  three  i(uarler-inch 
1  ouvex  steel,  supported  inside  with  plates.  On  complelion  the  steamer  was  chartered  to  Dunsnniir  ..S:  Co.  and 
made  .several  trips  between  Comox  and  San  Franci.sco,  also  a  (ew  to  the  Sound  in  the  coal  trade,  and  was  then 
'  li;"^tered  for  tl.e  Panama  route.  She  started  out  in  charge  of  R.  I).  Bucknain,' captain  :  J.  .S.  Cihson.  chief 
nllicer  ;  J.  H.  Hastings,  second  oflicer  ;  R,  B,  Blauvelt,  chief  engineer  ;  J,  J,  Chisholm,  first  assislant  :  and  C.  I,. 
liellniorc,  second  a.ssistant. 


i 

-N_ 

•s  ««, 

1 

i 

% 

|9L. 

_,.^| 

ik 

'% 

B^^^Jv^^ 

wk 

w. 

Caci.  R.  Coi.i.isrKH 

INSI'ICCKIKS  I 


"Ciipt.  Kansfonl  I).  Miu'knaiii  was  horn  in  Maiiit'  in  iSfiganil  licLjan  k"'"w;  '"  ^-i'-*  wlu-n  i  ti()\  <»t  twL-lvi-.  Ilr  lias  si-t\vt|  in 
'  \urv  I'aprn'ilv  ami  was  for  l\\<>  autl  a  half  vrars  supi-rinU'n'U'nt  nf  tlir  wlialcliack  iK-ct  nii  llii-  .Xllanlic  Cti.i^^l.  Ilr  has  ln'i'ti  cnniu'i-ted 
wiih  till'  whaii'baok  ships  (Voni  Ihf  lR'j,,ntitiinj,5  of  thr  (.'onipany,  K"i"K  '"*">  i'"^'  l.akt's  with  I  he  i'olhx  an*!  //  ttmoyr.  H*'  reachcil  tlu- 
t'.icifK' Coast  in  iSm  ami  took  i-omtiianit  ol'  thr  /  i(y  i\f'  /\Vt'reli.    Captain  Uiu'knani  is  om-  otttir  yomim'st  nnsti-rs  t.M  Ww  I'ac'itir  i.'oast. 


422 


Lewis  c?  Drycleiis  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Stkamkr  "  (Jor.rMniNl:  "  at  l-rt.r,  Si'l.KU 
l*roin  photo  by  H.  0.  I.unl 


The  City  of  Everett  was  followed  a  few  months  later  by  another  type  of  ocean  steamer,  which  came  from 

England  to  enter  the  coal  trade.     The  new  arrival,  which  was  called  the  Progressist,  is  known  as  a  "turret,"  and 

is  a  compromise  between  the  modern  whaleback  and  the  ordinary  steamer,  hiving  the  bow  and  stern  of  tin.- 

latter,  but  elsewhere  the  hull  curves  over,  forming  a  deck  similar  to  that  of  tht    whaleback.     The  turrets  as  yet 

are  not  so  numerous  as   the  whalebacks,   only    nine  of  them  being  afloat  ac  present,  with    five  more  under 

construction.     The  "Marine  Rngineer,"  in  comparing  the  new  type  with  the  whalebacks,  has  the  following 

description  of  the  Progressist  : 

"  I'rom  a  loiij;iUiiliiMl  point  of  view  it  is  notewortliy  that  in  tliu  vessel's  deck  anil  upper  works  there  is  no  sheer,  ahiimliiin 
provision  for  surplus  huoyatiey  lieiut;  proviiletl  without  tne  spriuHint;  of  llie  ends  of  tlie  vessel  npwnrd.  Another  longitudinal  lealure 
is  the  provision  of  an  upper  aiul  two  lower  dei-ks,  a  divergence  from  the  wlialeliack  type,  K'^'"K  "'oin  for  the  crew  to  exercise. 
On  the  lower  weather  decks,  which  are  each  on  the  same  level,  one  on  the  port  siile  and  one  ou  the  starlioard  side,  are  ])l,icicl 
timher-heads  for  mocri'.i>;  the  vessel.  The  upper  weather  ileck  is  of  such  a  width  as  to  admit  of  a  port  anil  slarhoard  ])assajie  clear 
of  the  hatch  comhiu^,.--  and  extends  all  fore  and  aft  on  top  of  the  turret.  Mere  are  the  steam  winches,  slecriun  j,'eai ,  windlass, 
etc.  The  h.atches  are  of  ahuornial  length  and  wiilth,  and,  owin^  to  the  rounded  Kunwliale  and  turret  erection,  the  lioMs  are 
emphUically  self-trimmed,  this  latter  feature  niakin};  the  vessel  especl.ally  adapted  for  cargoes  of  grain.     The  vessel's  enijincs 

and  hollers  are  at  the  extreme  aft,  and,  owiii^  to  the 
coutinnity  of  the  turret,  hotli  fore  and  aft  and  traiisverse- 
•  ""    .  -  JT-.  —  .-j^*i .«.--  .-.■.,_  wise  euoriuously  increased  longitudinal  strength  is  pro- 

vided. The  port  and  starhoard  lower  weallier  decks 
have  no  cjiemugs  cut  in  them,  nor  is  the  framing  hrokcti 
of  its  continuity.  Careful  consideration  has  also  hiiii 
given  the  seaworthy  details  of  the  ship.  A  high  ]tlal- 
forin  is  provided,  so  that  a  ilry  deck  is  not  om  of  the 
(juestion.  At  the  fore  end  of  t!ie  turret  deck  a  hrc.ik- 
water  is  fitted,  thus  ohviating  the  iio.ssiliiliiy  of  having 
the  dec'k  swejit  liy  a  heavy  sea.  Not  oii]\-  has  a  iiia\i- 
mum  amount  of  surplus  linoyaney  liceu  provided,  hut 
the  eciually  inipoMant  desideratnni,  a  large  righting 
angle,  has  hecn  ohtaiued,  whether  the  vessel  he  loaded 
or  in  light  trim.  The  vessel  has  an  entire  douhle  hoiioiu 
on  the  cellular  system,  with  specially  suhdivided  tanks 
at  the  after  end,  so  that,  without  endangering  the  vessel, 
water  can  he  admitted  to  com]iensate  for  tlie  ciuisuuiji- 
ti<in  of  coal  ami  thus  maintain  a  trim  of  at  least  three 
inches  by  the  stern.  There  is  ample  s]iace  in  the  turret 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  crew,  eillier  at  the  fore  or 
at  the  after  end  of  the  vessel.  A  <leck-house  is  provided 
for  the  captain,  and  a  chart-room  under  the  lUiiig 
Iiridge  ;  and  further  aft,  just  ahal't  the  engine-room  and 
skylight,  is  the  galley  and  entrance  to  the  ollicers'  and 
engineers'  rooms,  all  of  which  are  inside  the  turret." 

The  Alaska  Steamship  Company,  which  was  composed  of  Capt.  George  Roberts,  George  II.  I.cnt  .iml 
Charles  K.  I'eabody,  placed  the  Willapu  on  the  Alaska  route.  The  steamer  left  Seattle  on  her  first  voyage  Match 
3,  i.Si)5,  and  has  since  been  making  two  trips  a  month  in  command  of  Capt.  George  Roberts.  A  line  was  al.si/ 
established  in  i  Sq-,  between  Puget  Sound  and  1  )elagoa  Hay,  South  Africa,  the  cargoes  of  the  first  steamers  consisting 
mostly  of  lumber,  but  a  trade  is  being  worked  up  in  canned  goods,  dried  fruits,  produce  and  other  commoditic- 
plentiful  in  the  Northwest.  Business  on  the  upper  Columbia  and  Kootenai  shows  a  marked  improvement  :'ii  i.Siis. 
The  new  steamer  /,///]■  was  placed  on  the  upper  Kootenai,  between  Libby  and  Fort  Steele,  .Mont.,  and  the  A'-  / 
Star  was  transferred  from  Okanagan  to  Kootenai  lake.  The  Columbia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company 
are  handling  an  immen.se  trafllc,  and  have  replaced  the  Columbia,  burned  in  1894,  with  the  A'aiciisp,  one  of 
the  finest  steniwheel  steamers  in  the  Northwest.  She  was  completed  in  August  and  is  one  hundred  :riil 
seventy-one  feet  long,  thirty-three  feet  beam,  and  six  feet  hold,  with  engines  twenty  liy  seventy-two  inches.  She 
is  a  three-decker,  constructed  after  the  style  of  the  Long  Island  Sound  boats,  and  has  twenty-two  st.iteicioiiis  on 
the  saloon  and  fourteen  on  the  gallery  deck.  The  dining  room  is  forty  by  seventeen  feet,  with  a  saloon  seveiiltcn 
feet  high.  The  steamer  was  built  under  the  supervision  of  Capt.  James  \V.  Troup,  manager  of  the  eotiip:iii\ , 
and,  like  his  previous  work,  is  a  success  in  every  particular. 

The  steamships  plying  between  San  Francisco  and  I'uget  Sound  and  Alaska  [lorts  engaged  in  vigoKius 
opiiosition  early  in  iSy.s.  The  J'ara/loii  had  been  running  north  fur  several  months  and  diverted  a  large  amotinl  ol 
traflTio  from  the  Pacific  Coast  .Steamshi]!  Company  by  cutting  rates.  The  big  corporation  decided  to  remove  Iicr 
by  the  same  method,  and  fares  between  ,San  Hranci.sco  and  Sotind  ])orts  went  as  low  as  $,s."i>  cabin  and  $i.^" 
steerage,  while  the  iri//<i/>>i  and  C/ii/in/  suffered  by  a  cnt  to  Sklcki  lietween  Sound  ports  and  Alaska.  The  (.Jiilkiil 
and  the  I'arallon  finally  withdrew,  the  latter  going  on  the  Yacpiina  run,  but  as  soon  as  rates  were  restored  the 
invincible  C/iilkat  returned  to  the  .Maska  rotite.  The  growing  trade  between  the  Orient  and  Northwestern  ])orts 
furnished  business  for  a  number  of  large  steamships.  The  three  /uiipresses  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  line  were 
ta.xed  to  their  utmost  capacity,  and  the  Northern  Pacific  .Steamshi])  Com])any  increased  their  fleet  with  the  new 
steamships  Hvcvntole  2, ^i^i^,  S/rctt/iiieris  2, 2ij2,  and  //(Vikou'  j.^i-tons.  These,  with  the  I'ictorin  and  'I'atoiiin, 
gave  them  one  of  the  best  etpiipped  lines  on  the  Coast.  In  June  the  Oregon  Railway  <<:  Navigation  Company 
established  a  new  line  to  the  Orient,  in  which  the  Cliiltagoiig  was  the  first  steamship.  She  was  followed  liy 
the  .Isloiiit  anil  the  Aitmore.  This  company  .seems  in  a  fair  way  to  regain  its  lost  prestige  since  the  advent  of 
Receiver  McNeill,  who,  recogin'/ing  the  factors  which  had  so  much  to  do  with  building  ii])  that  big  corporation, 
has  devoted  considerable  attention  to  its  marine  business.  The  oHlce  of  superintendent  of  water  lines  w.is 
aboli.shed,  and  Capt.  K.  J.  Rathbone,  formerly  port  captain   of  the  company's  fleet  on  the  Sound,  was  app.iiiilcd 


Growth  of  Deep-water  Commerce,  Great  Loss  of  Life  by  Marine  Disasters 


433 


caitio  from 
urret,"  aiul 
Lern  of  tin.- 
rrets  as  yt-l 
nore  uiuliT 
e  following 

;cr,  abiiiiilam 
iidinal  li-ainii' 

U',  Jtrt'  ]>l;ii'(''i 
jjiissa^c  ck'iir 
eai .  wimilavs, 
the   holds  iiri' 
^sel's   t'Il,t;ilK-s 
owiii^  lo  till' 
ml  transversi-- 
.it'ii^lh  is  piu- 
ieatlier   lU-cks 
alliili^  Iirokt-n 
has  also  hfi-ii 
A  hii^ll  plal 
lot  out  of  till- 
deck  a  hn-ak- 
ilil\'  of  haviiii; 
ly  has  a  niasi 
provided,  hut 
hir>;e    rij^hlin^' 
ssfl  hf  loaded 
doiiUle  hoitoin 
Klivided  tanks 
-iii^  the  vessil, 

■  tiie  ootisintip- 
at  least  three 

ce  in  the  turret 
■r  at  tile  fore  or 
ilise  is  i)rovided 
ler  the  living 
i^iiie-rooiii  and 
he  olTiccrs'  and 
the  turret." 

H.  I.eiil  and 
oyage  Marcli 
line  was  alsc> 
ersconsisliii!-; 

■  coninioiiiiie- 
MR-iil  :ii  i.^'.A. 
,  ami  lilt.'  A''.' 
ion  Company 
ikiiip,  one  id 

iiiiulreil  a'lil 

iiiclics.     She 

l.itcMioms  on 

DOM  seventeen 

the  eonipanv , 

•d  In  vigoiiin> 

■^e  iiiiiomil  '•! 

,0    remove  llel 

nil  ami  S--5" 

The  ChilL-iil 

e  restored  llie 

iweslern  ports 

■ifie-  line  weie 

with  the  IHW 

and   VihOiihi, 

lion  Company 

s  followed  liv 

the  advent  ol 

^  corporatiini. 

ater  lines  was 

was  appiinud 


chief  clerk.  The  Willamette  service  was  at  once  reinforced  with  the  sternwheel  steamer  lUiiiorc,  which  started 
on  the  Portland  and  Corvallis  run  in  February  in  charge  of  George  Raabe,  captain  ;  Miles  liell,  pilot  ;  and 
William  H.  Mar.shall,  chief  engineer.  Soon  after  the  Elmore  began  running,  Mr.  McNeill  placed  an  order  for  two 
other  light-draft  sternwheelers,  one  of  which  was  intended  to  ply  regularly  between  Corvallis  and  Eugene  City. 
The  A'.  A'.  'riiomf>son  and  7".  /.  Poller  were  extensively  overhauled  and  placed  on  the  Astoria  run,  the  old 
North  Paeijic  was  brought  around  from  the  Soutid  to  handle  the  seaside  traffic  between  Astoria  and  Ilwaco,  and 
the  steamship  Columbia  on  the  Portland  and  San  Francisco  route  was  al.so  extensively  repaired. 

The  Colnmbia  River  &  Puget  Sound  Navigation  Company  were  not  behind  their  rival,  and  early  in  the 
year  expended  nearly  twenty  thousand  dollars  in  transforming  the  llatley  (ial.erl  into  one  of  the  finest  sternwheel 
steamers  afloat.  Tiiey  also  chartered  the  Ocean  Waif,  which  was  operated  as  a  through  boat  to  Ilwaco.  On 
completion  the  (iatzert  was  placed  on  the  A.storia  route,  and,  alternating  with  the  steamer  Telephone,  furnished 
the  Astorians  with  the  best  steamer  service  they  had  ever  enjoyed.  The  remarkalrle  trip  of  the  Shoshone 
through  the  Snake  River  cations  had  remained  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  without  a  parallel,  but  early  in  1H9S 
Jacob  Kainm's  steamer  Norma  repeated  the  performance  in  command  of  Capt.  W.  P.  Gray.  The  experience  of 
the  Shoshone  had  demonstrated  that  it  was  practically  impossible  to  get  over  Copper  Ledge  F'alls  without 
striking  after  passing,  so  Captain  Gray  built  an  extra  bulkhead  and  filled  the  forward  hold  with  cordwood  to  help 
withstand  the  shock.  After  leaving  the  landing  above  the  falls,  the  steamer  darted  forward  like  an  arrow  and  was 
carried  down  at  such  speed  that  she  struck  the  clifT  with  great  force  but  did  not  injure  the  bow  seriou.sly. 
She  then  bounded  off,  swung  into  midstream,  and,  like  a  racehorse,  shot  into  Hell  Cailon,  where  the  river  winds 
like  a  serpent  and  the  wall  rocks  tower  to  such  a  height  that  they  almost  shut  out  the  sun.  The  torrent  is  so 
swift  that  the  passage  is  always  filled  with  mist.  After  passing  the  obstructions  at  the  head  of  the  run,  the 
steamer  went  through  the  rest  without  incident,  although  the  itien  on  board  contemplated  their  own  helplessness 
with  a  feeling  of  awe  as  they  were  swept  on  at  railroad  speed,  in  some  places  sliding  over  rapids  with  a  fall  of 
nearly  twenty-five  degrees.  On  reaching  Riparia  the  steamer  was  hauled  out  for  repairs  preparatory  to  entering 
a  field  of  usefulness  after  her  long  years  of  idleness. 

•Success  crowned  the  eflbrts  of  the  log-raft  builders  in   1895,  and  the  first  of  these  leviathans  to  make  the 
ocean  trip  from  the  forests  of  the  north  in  safety  was  towed  into  the  Golden  Gate,  August  ist,  by  the  steam 
collier  Mineola,  Captain  Pillsbury.    This 
raft  was  almost  an  exact  counterpart  of  ■,  \  1 

the  one  which  left  Astoria  in  tow  of  the 
Monarch  in  i.Sy4,  and  contained  450,000 
running  feet  of  piles,  equivalent  to  about 
7,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  to  tran.sport 
which,  by  the  ordinary  methods,  would 
have  cost  over  $2i:,t)oo.  The  raft  was 
coit.Uructed  at  Stella,  on  the  Columbia 
I\iver,  about  forty  miles  above  Astoria, 
from  which  point  it  was  taken  to  Astoria 
by  a  river  towboat,  and  thence  over  the 
Columbia  bar  by  the  tug  RcUcJ.  There 
tl'e  Mineola  was  waiting,  and  at  noon, 
July  27th,  made  fast  with  iijn  fathoms 
(if  rope  aiid  70  fathoms  of  chain.  >She 
moved  away  at  the  rale  of  about  four 
iiul  one-half  knots  an  hour,  and  in  the 
first  twenty-four  hours  covered  a  distance 
of  one  hundred  and  five  miles.  Soon 
.liter  noon  on  Sunday  she  encountered  a 
southerly  breeze  and  rough  head  sea, 
which  decreased  the  speed  to  three  knots 

an  hour.  Monday  she  made  eighly-three  miles,  passing  Cape  Blanco  at  -':5o  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  Tuesday 
tile  raft  was  towed  one  hundred  and  eight  miles,  and  Cajjc  Mendocino,  where  the  first  raft  met  its  fate,  was  passed 
in  safety.  One  hundred  and  twelve  miles  were  recotded  on  Wednesday,  and  Point  Arena  was  left  behind.  Nine 
A.  M..  August  ist,  fotind  the  big  tow  jiassing  Point  Reyes,  and  at  2:00  p.  m.  the  Mineola  steamed  slowly  into 
the  Golden  Gate.  In  former  attempts  the  fastenings  had  torn  out,  but  in  constructing  this  raft  special  attention 
was  given  to  the  parts  that  had  showed  signs  of  weakness  in  the  others. 

The  Victoria  steamer  I'elos  met  with  a  terrible  fate  March  22(1  near  Trial  Island  while  en  route  from 
\ictoria  to  the  stone  ((tiarries  on  Haddington  Island,  in  charge  of  Anderson,  captain  ;  .\ndrew  Christiansen,  mate  ; 
.\;thur  Hloor,  chief  engineer  :  William  Law,  assistant:  Frank  Duncan,  deckhand;  and  Robert  Smith,  cook. 
lMe<lerick  Adams,  contractor  for  the  Provincial  Parliament  btiildiugs,  was  al.so  on  board.  She  left  \ictoria  at 
iy;;,(>  P.  M.  with  the  barge  Pilot  astern,  i)assed  Trial  Island  about  ten  o'clock  in  a  very  heavy  southeast  gale,  and. 


FM 


434 


Lewis  cj  Drydens  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


as  the  wind  increased,  the  lieavy  tow  rendered  tlie  steamer  almost  unmanageable.  Finding  that  he  could  make 
no  headway,  Captain  Anderson  decided  to  put  back  to  Victoria,  but,  shortly  after  he  came  about,  the  rudder 
chains  parted,  and  a  moment  later  the  steamer  was  caught  broadside  by  a  terrible  sea,  which  swept  her  on  lln- 
rocks.  She  soon  sank  stern  first,  leaving  the  bow  only  partially  above  water.  Adams,  Kloor  and  Smith  were 
swept  away  and  drowned,  Christiansen  caught  the  hawser  and  climbed  aboard  the  barge,  and  Duncan  was 
drowned  in  attempting  to  follow  liini.  Anderson  and  I<aw  remained  with  the  steamer,  the  former  subsequently 
swimming  to  an  adjoining  rock,  receiving  .serious  injuries,  while  Uaw  perished  from  exposure  and  was  found  the 
next  morning  on  the  wreck.  The  Pi7(>/  brought  up  on  the  lieach  of  Trial  I.sland,  the  men  on  board  reached  sluire 
and  the  next  morning  hailed  a  fisherman,  who  carried  the  tidings  to  Victoria.  Commodore  John  Irving  at  once 
went  to  the  rescue  with  the  steamer  Maude  and  brought  back  the  survivors.  Christian.sen  is  a  brother  of  Ciipt. 
James  Christiansen,  who  was  lost  on  the  F.stcUc  a  few  months  before. 

The  IJritish  tug  Moiriil,  which  was  rebuilt  at  Victoria  in  1894,  came  to  a  sudden  end  May  12,  1895.  In 
command  of  Capt.  Henry  Smith  she  had  towed  the  British  bark  Dana  to  sea,  and  after  letting  go  the  hawser 
came  alongside  to  recover  the  heaving  line.  In  endeavoring  to  do  this  the  tug  and  the  bark  came  in  collision, 
the  former  receiving  a  glancing  blow,  which  sprung  her  stem  so  that  the  water  began  to  enter  rapidly.  Steam 
was  crowded  on,  and  Captain  Smith  succeeded  in  beaching  her  in  an  exposed  position  about  two  miles  east  of 
Tatoo.sh  light,  having  found  it  impossible  to  proceed  with  her  farther.  As  it  was,  she  came  very  near  sinking 
under  the  crew.  Several  tugs  were  sent  to  the  scene  of  the  accident,  but  her  injuries  proved  fatal,  she  soon  began 
breaking  up,  and  hardly  anything  was  saved.  The  Mogul  belonged  to  the  British  Columbia  Tugboat  Company 
and  was  uninsured.  Slie  was  built  at  Tacoma  in  i88fi  and  had  been  under  the  American  flag  until  a  few  months 
before  the  disaster.  The  /tiidvvf,  from  Friday  Harbor  for  Bellingham  Bay,  foundered  in  April  a  few  miles  out 
from  Fairhaven,  and  a  pas.senger  named  Kantsman  lost  his  life.  Tlie  steamer  is  said  to  have  been  overloaded. 
The  American  bark  Han'estcr,  from  Port  Blakely  for  Delagoa  Bay,  went  a.shore  near  the  latter  place  in  January. 
The  steamer  Sfiokane.  owned  by  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company,  burned  at  Kaslo  in 
May,  1895.  .She  was  lying  at  the  dock,  with  considerable  freight  aboard,  when,  at  9:30  A.  m.,  fire  was  discovered, 
and  it  spread  so  rapidly  that  she  became  a  total  loss  in  a  few  minutes, 


Whai.kiiack  Sik.vmkr  "City  oi-  i-;vkhi:tt' 


i 


CHAPTItR    XXL 


TiiK  Sealing  Industry— The  Fiksv  Hi-nteks— I'ionkkrs  oi-  the  Bi-siness  i\  British  Coi.fMHiA  — 
Schooners  "Strpkisk,"  "Alert,"  "Kate"  anii  "  Ivworite  " — Alaska  Co.mmhrcial  Company — 
Victoria  1'leet  for  i,S8i — Large  Catciiics  oi-  "Ariicl"  and  "  Juanita  "  -Amicrican  Vessels 
Under  the  British  Flag— First  Schooner  in  Bering  Sea — Arrival  of  "Pathfinder"  from 
Halifax— Beginning  of  Bering  vSea  Sei/ires — "  \V.  P.  Sayward,"  "Halcyon,"  "Thornton," 
"Onward"  and  "Caroline" — Schooner  "Active"  Founders  off  Cafe  Flattery— Schooners 
"  Kdwakd  ]•;.  Weiister,"  "  Moi.lie  Adams'  and  "Oscar  and  Hattiic  "  —  "Pathfinder," 
"Black  Diamond"  and  "Minnie"  Ricfusf;  to  Summit  to  Sei/.ure — "  Carmoi.iti:,"  "Ocean 
Belle"  and  Other  I'ine  Schooners  Brought  Around  from  Halifax— Racy  Adventures  of 
Dan  and  Ali;x  McI.I'Ian  in  ISering  Sea — The  Modus  Vivendi — Tkrrihle  F'ate  of  the"Mai;gih 
Mac  "— Seizure  of  the  "  Cckjuitlam  "  and  "vShi;liiv"  —  "Mermaid's"  Advknturi;  with  a 
Whale — The  1894  Fleet — Wreck  of  "Henry  Dennis  " — "Dirix'tor"  Makes  a  Good  Catch 
IN  Southern  Waters— Lo.ss  of  "Walter  A.  Ivarle  "—Dangers  of  the  Sealers'  Life— The 
United  States  Reiuses  to  Ahidi-:  hy  thf:  Decision  of  the  Paris  Trihuxal. 


iRALIXG  is  a  branch  of  the  marine  business  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  which,  within  the  past 
decade,  has  grown  into  large  proportions.  ICvery  year  nearly  one  hnndred  small  schooners 
set  sail  from  \'ictoria  and  Sound  ports,  each  of  the  diminutive  vessels  carrying  larger  crews 
than  a  modern  two-thousand-ton  merchantman.  About  four-fifths  of  this  fleet  have  their 
head(|uarters  at  \'ictoria,  and,  as  the  few  remaining  under  the  .\merican  fiag  are  gradually 
passing  over  to  the  British  side,   this  chapter  will    treat    prin- 

-^^-     -MMMMii^M     cipally  of  the  work  of  the  \"ictoria  sealers.      Nearly  a  century 

S'SlSaL^S}*{*^^»     has  elapsed  since  the  first  .seal-hunte:s  appeared  in  the  Norlh- 
'■''""''  west,  as,  early  in   iSoo,  Boston  ships  trading   along  the  coast 

would  secure  Ru.ssian  hunters  and  go  as  far  south  as  the  F'arallones  in  search  of  the 

valuable  fur  liearer.     Although  at  that  time  the  skins  brought  higher  prices  than 

now,  there  was  no  attempt  to  make  a  specialty  of  hunting  the  seal,  and,  when  the 

reign  of  the  fur-trader  and  e.\i)lorer  gave  way  to  that  of  the  farmer  and  lumberman, 

it  was  temporarily  lost  sight  of  except   in  Alaska,  where  the  Russians  enjoyed  a 

monopoly  of  the  fur  trade.     Ca])!.  William  Spring'  of  \'icloria  was  the  pioneer  of 

modern  sealers  and  was  associated  with  Capt.  Hugh   McKay  in  trading  along  the 

Northwest  coast.     They  began   in  a  small    way  in  the  early  fifties,  and,  as   their 

business  increased,  they  established  several  posts.     The  Indian  hunters  w<nild  occa- 
sionally bring  a  few  seal  and  sea-otter  skins,  which  were  bartered  at  the  posts  with 

their   regular  catches.     Capt.  J.   D.  WarreiL  who   is   still   living   in    \'ictoria,   was 

engaged  in  this  traffic  at  the  same  time,  and,  in  sailing  along  the  coast  on  their  way 

to  and  from  the  trading  posts,  the  veterans  were  much  impressed  with  the  large  henls  of  seals,  and  in   1868 

induced  the  Indians  to  make  more  of  a  specialty  of  catchinir  them.     Spring  and   McKav  placed   the  schooners 


C.vi'T.  trriiii  McKav 


'Capt.  WilUaiii  Spriu^  was  Ijorii  at  Lebau,  Russia,  in  1S31.     He  was  of  Scoldi  desot'iil,  his  father  ln'itiK  a  civil  eiij.;int.*er  l)y 
professiDii,  who  .saili'il  fi)r  Russia  ill  1S27  in  the  employ  of  a  railway  (■"lupaiiy,     Wliile  in  tlial  country  llie  elilir  ,Spiinn  inarrieil  a 

enceil  liis 
lis  arrival 


Russian  lady,  ami  sliortlv  after  the  liirtli  of  liis  son    retunieil   to   I')iinlaml,  wliere  at  an  early  a^;e  yoniif;  .Sjiriiin  oomiueiicei 


inartiie  career. 


He  arrived  at  Victoria  in  iSsi,  sailing  fr 


Francisco  on  tlie  schooner  Honolulu  l\i,kcl.     ,So 


after  1 


lie  fiirmed  a  partnersliip  with  IIuj,'h  McKay,  a  cooper  liy  trade,  ami  the  two  eUKaged  in  trading,  and  in  curing  ami  salting'  salmon 


4a6 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortlmest 


Cai'i.  W'n.i.iAM  : 


Siiipri-  MiiX  Alert  in  the  business,  while  Warren   had   tlie  A'j/t'.     In   1869  the  Favon'lr  was  built  at  Sooke  by 

Captain  Spring,  who  intended  her  for  codfishing  and  trading.     She  was  afterward  used  in  tlie  Honolulu  trallic  and 

also  carried  a  few  cargoes  of  lumber  between  \'ictoria  and  California  ports.     She  proved  too  small  for  that  purpose 

and  in  the  .spring  of  1S74  engaged  in  sealing,  and  has  been  employed  continuously  since.     For  several  years  pii>t 

she  has  been  commanded  by  Capt.  Lauglilin  McLean,  and  until  i,Sy4 

was  the  only  British  sealer  unmolested    by  American  cutters.     She 

was  then  seized  on  the  trivial  pretext  that  her  arms  were  not  .sealed, 

but  wa.s  subsequently  released.     Captain  Spring  was  very  successful 

with  the  Fa:on'lt\  and  her  work  more  than  that  of  any  other  ve.s.sel 

demonstrated  the  possibilities  of  the  industry. 

The  Americans  had  not  overlooked  the  opportunities  awaiting 

them  ill  this  connection,  and,  when  the  Alaska  purchase  wa.;  made, 

the  breeding  grounds  in  that  vicinity  were  suppo.sed  to  be  the  only 

places   where    .seal-hunting    could    be    conducted    profitably.     The 

.schooner  Pioneer  made  a  fairly  successful  trip  to  the  Priliilof  Islands 

in  1868,  but  a  few  months  later  Hutchinson,  Kohl  &  Co.  secured  the 

exclusive   right    to   kill   .seals   on   St.  George  and  St.   I'aul   islands. 

This  grant  was  practically  the  beginning  of  the   Hering  Sea  trouble, 

and  in  maintaining  its  policy  of  protecting  the  monopoly  the  United 

States  Government  has  spent  millions  of  dollars  and  driven  .scores  of 

American  vessels  to  the  protection  of  the  Hritisli  flag.     The  magni- 
tude of  the  business  was  not  thoroughly  realized  at  its  inception,  and 

the  attention  of  small  hunters,  who  were  not  financially  equipped  for 

fighting  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  backed  as  they  were  by 

the  United  States  Governnient,  was  diverted  by  the  presence  of  large 

herds  along  the  coast  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  British  Columbia. 

The  Port  Town.send  pilot-boat  Lottie  in  a  tew  days  captured  .seventy 

skins  off  Cape  Flattery  in  1869.     The  high  price  of  sealskin.s  at  this 

period  enabled  Spring,  McKay'  and  Warren  to  do  fairly  well,  and  a  few  American  schooners  began  cruising  off 

Cape  Flattery.     Among  the  first  of  these  to  take  out   Indians  was  the  Port  Townsend  schooner  Mary  l\irk,r, 

which  sailed  in  1878  and  1879  with  over  forty  Indians.     The  .schooner 
Cluuiipion  was  built  at  Port  Town.send  by  Capt.  Iv.  H.  McAlniniul, 

for  the  Honolulu  trailf,  wliicli  at  tliat  liuii;  was  lUnirisliiui;.  Tliey  uUKaHfil  iii 
this  l)usiiicss  at  ,Sooke  and  licecher  Bay,  and  while  there  secured  a  loui;-l)(>at 
from  the  sliip  l.oyj  Waloii.  They  gave  her  a  schooner  rig.  called  her  the  Ino, 
and  operated  her  in  the  freight  aud  mail  trade  between  Victoria  and  Olynipia, 
afterward  selling  her  to  Captain  Lawton.  In  LSsft  they  purchased  the  sciioouer 
Mottling  Sttir,  which  was  operate<l  in  trailing  aud  freighting  inUil  the  latter  ji.-trl 
of  1.S59,  when  she  was  wrecked  on  Discovery  Island,  Ca|itain  Spring,  his  wile 
and  .son  being  aboard  at  the  time.  The  firm  replaced  the  .Itonn'iij;  Stor  with 
the  schooner  .S'h;/>»/.s'(',  with  which  thev  engaged  in  trading  on  the  west  coast  in 
f)pposition  to  l-'rancis  &  I.awton.  In  1.S60  Captain  Spring  purchased  the  intcre-.t 
of  his  partner,  but  a  year  later  the  two  commenced  building  the  schooner  Xoith 
Star,  regarding  which  they  disagreed,  aud  slie  was  finally  scdd  for  debt.  Tlu: 
Surf^rise  was  continued  in  the  trading  business  until  iSfi.^,  when  a  new  partner- 
ship was  arranged  between  Spring,  McKay  and  I'rancis,  and  the  schooner  .-lli'il 
was  added  to  the  fleet.  Several  Irading-jiosts  were  opened  .along  the  co.ist.  the 
firm  did  a  large  and  profitable  business,  and  in  1^69  built  the  schooner  Fiiiviil, 
at  Sooke,  iiUeiuling  Iter  for  the  codfisbing  trade  in  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.  This 
I)roving  unrcmunerative  she  was  placed  in  the  Honolulu  trafiic  aud  afterward  in 
the  .San  l-'rancisco  trade,  but  proved  too  small  to  be  profitable  and  early  in  1S71 
was  ])Ut  in  the  sealing  business,  where  she  has  since  continued.  Cajitaiu  Spriiii; 
was  the  first  man  to  engage  successfully  in  the  sealing  business  in  llrili^h 
Columbia,  and  was  also  the  first  man  to  employ  while  men  as  hunters  for  .seals 
in  Hering  .Sea,  the  schooner  J/itiy  A7/('«,  Cajjt.  Dan  ^Icl.ean,  being  commit 
sioncd  for  that  service  in  iSS.).  It  was  Captain  .Sjiring's  intention  to  send  out 
two  schooners,  one  with  white  hunters  and  the  other  with  Indians,  for  the 
pur])ose  of  making  comparisons  as  to  the  relative  merits  of  the  two  kinds  oi 
crews.  I'nfortuuately  the  pioneer  sealer  died  while  the  Maiv  lUleit  was  out 
on  her  cruise  in  iS.S.)  ;  but  his  eldest  son,  Charles  Spring,  a  native  of  New 
Westminster,  and  who  had  virtually  grown  uj)  with  the  business,  carried  out  hi-, 
father's  intention  a  year  later,  .sending  out  the  Afiuv  Ellcti,  Ca|it.  Dan  Mcl,e,iii. 
with  white  hunters,  and  the  Favorite,  Capt.  .Mex  McLean,  with  Indians.  Tlu- 
final  result  showed  but  little  difference.  The  f'avoyite  wa.^  the  first  sticcesslul 
schooner  to  engage  Indians  for  sealing  in  liering  .Sea.  On  the  death  of  Capt.  William  .Spring,  I'.  I,uby,  who  had  been  a  !nend>er  ol 
the  firm  for  about  two  years,  took  charge  of  affairs,  but  shortly  afterward  sold  out  to  Charles  S|)ring.  Tlie  fleet  at  that  time 
included  the  Kale,  <lii:eari/,  Alfred  .hlaiiis  and  Faviuile.  He  has  been  fully  as  successful  as  his  father,  and  in  addition  to  his 
sealing  interests  has  owned  several  small  steamers  at  Victoria. 

-Capt.  Hugh  McKay,  who  was  one  of  the  first  men  in  Hritisli  Columbia  to  engage  in  the  sealing  business,  was  born  iu 
Sutherlandshire,  Scotland,  in  1S2S,  and  in  early  life  learned  the  cooper's  trade.  He  came  to  Victoria  about  iS|S,  and  in  i.Sfi),  afu  1 
\vorkiiig  at  his  trade  at  Sooke  tor  two  years,  became  associated  with  Captains  Spring  and  1-Vancis,  who  \\cre  then  couimenciti'.; 
sealing  operations.  Captain  McKay  w.is  interested  in  the  schooner  Fa;'oiile.  and  with  his  jiartners  aftcrwanl  owned  the  .llerl  ami 
Caroline.  The  firm  eontiiiued  for  five  years,  whet;  Captain  McKay  withdrew,  went  to  San  b'raucisco  anil  imrchascd  the  schooiu  1 
Unward,  which  he  operated  ou  his  own  account  for  two  years  and  then  purchased  the  .l/'red  .Idaiiis,  which  he  sailed  until  hi- 
death  in  i,S82. 


■1 


CiiAKLKS  Spring 


A  Brief  History  of  the  Bi  Hish  Columbia  Sealing  Industry 


427 


at  SoolvL'  liy 
In  trallic  and 
lliat  imipuse 
al  years  \n^\. 


11  cruising  off 
!/(/;  V  /'tii7xi  >■, 
Tlic  scluioiKT 
.  McAIiikmkI, 

liev  ciij^.i^tMl  ill 
■ed  a  lotiy-boat 

ll   llCT  llu-  ///I', 

a  and  (^lynipia, 
d  (he  si'lioiiiifi 
1  tlio  latter  part 
^prinjf.  liis  wifi- 
lim;  S/nr  witli 
le  wust  coast  in 

Sl'll  till'  illtlTl^l 
il'llOOlUM-  .\oith 

tor  ilelit.  Tlu 
a  lU'W  partm-r- 
schooner  .ilri I 
i;  lllc  coast,  the 
loner  /uirt" U< 
)kliotsk.  This 
iicl  al'tervvaril  in 

I  early  in  1S71 
Captain  Spring 
less  in  liritisli 
iinters  for  seals 

leiiiH   coniinis 

ion  to  seiiil  oiil 

iilians,  for   tile 

.  two  kinds  of 

/■://cn  was  out 

native  of  New 

carried  ont  his 

Dan  McLean. 

Indians.     The 

first  successful 

n  a  member  of 

et  at  that  time 

addition  to  his 

s.  was  born  in 
d  in  r,S6|,  afti  r 

II  c<nnmenciiii^ 
1  the  .-//,•;■/  an. I 
i\  the  schooner 
mailed  until  hi- 


1 


who  sealed  with  her  until  1886,  when  she  w.i.s  sold  to  Chief  Peter  of  the  Neah  Bay  tribe.     The  /,of//c  was 

chartered  in   1880  by  the  Neali  Hay   Fur  Scaling  Company. 

I'rior  to  1881  most  of  tlie  ve.ssels  would  go  on  very  short  cruises,  but,  as  the  habits  of  the  .seal  became 

better  known,  they  began  to  ecjuip  for  longer  voyages,  sailing  far  .south  of  the  Columbia  to  meet  the  north-bound 

herd   and   follow  it   up  the  coast.     The  fleet   in    1881    included  the 

\'ictoria  schooners  /'tuoii/e,  Oincanf,  Black  Diamond,   W'innifrcd  and 

Mary  lUlcn ;  J.  1).  Warren's'  steam  schooners  .liniU-  Heck  and  Alice 

riwnilon  :  and  llie  American  schooners  ./«(j.«/(n/«  I'aslniian,  Teaser, 

Ariel  and  Jitanita.     The  .Iriel  made  a  catch  of   i,^i  .seals  in  a  single 

day,  while  the  Juanita  took   500  in   two  and   one-half  days.     The 

Teaser  started  from   Port  Townsend   in   command   of  Capt.  Harry 

McCrea,  ^^.rmerly  of  the  tug  .V.   L.   Mastick.     He  was  accidentally 

shot   May    17th,  and  the  schooner  returned   to  port. 

The  small  lleet  of  the  previous  year  received  nearly  a  dozen 

additions   in    i8,Sj,   and    fourteen    schooners   sailed  out  of  \'ictoria. 

Capt.  Hugh   McKay  was  operating  the  Alfred  Adams  and  Juanila, 

both  American  built  vessels,  which  he  had  purchased  and  put  under 

Mritish  colors  ;    Captain   Spring   had   the  Favorite.  Alary  F.llen  and 

On;cnrd  :    anil  J.  1).  Warren  the  l\a!e.  (irace.   Tlioniloii,  Annie  Beck 

and    Polftliin,   the   latter   having  lieen   launched    March    14111.     The 

W.  /'.  Say:rard  was  set   afloat   March   25th   for  Capt.  A.  1).  Laing, 

who   had    been    trading    on    the   west   coast    for   many  years.     The 

Trinmpli,  Captain    Douglass,  was   also  added  to  the   Victoria   fleet. 

The   American   .schooner   Sati  T>iei;o,  Captain    Cathcart,   aTived    at 

X'ictoria,  Sei)lctiilier  25th,  after  cruising  as  far  north  as  sixty  degrees. 

(Jther  American  schooners  in  addition  to  those  of  the  year  before 

were    the    Leiitia,  Mary    Taylor,  Sevenly-six,  Anna  /•'.  Brigjfs  and 

/i/niie.     The  catches  of  these  ves.sels  were  small  compared  with  tho.se 

of  the  present  day,  the  Alfied  Adams  .securing  800  skins  and  .some 

of  the  others  as  few  as  400.     The  year  188.^  marked  the  beginning  of  an  important  epoch  in  the  scaling  business, 

with  the  entrance  of  the  first  .schooner  into  Bering  Sea.     The  pioneer 

craft  in  this  disputed  territory  was  the  American  tV/i' i'/.S'<(w /'/>;(,'(>, 

:*y         in  charge  of  Captain  Cathcart  and  Uaniel  McLean.'     She  left  San 

,'■'  l>"rancisco,  March  2yth,  with  three  hunters,  entered  Bering  Sea  and 

took  ijoii  .seals,  landed  at  Hall  Island  and  killed  a  few  jiolar  bears. 

and  arrived  at  Victoria  with  her  catch  October  nth.     The  N'ictoria 

fleet  was  the  same  as  iluring  the  previous  year,  while  tht  Mist  and 

^^    ^^  liudora  were  added  to  the  American  .sealers.     The  American  brig 

*••   Wtw  I  Saliiia,  Captain  Miller,  arrived  at  \'ictoria  from  Petropaulovski,  July 

'  ■"'  This    corporation,    the    successors    of    Hutchin.son,    Kohl    iS:    Co. 


CAir.    n.XNll.t.    MCl.KA.N 


•'Ca]>t.  James  D.  Warren,  whose  career  as  a  pioneer  sealer  is  eontempora- 
necnis  with  that  of  Spring  and  McKay,  was  born  on  I'mice  Hdward  Island  in 
1S37  and  has  been  en>^af;ed  in  the  marine  business  in  lirilish  Columbia  over 
thirty  years.  lie  cmnmenced  trading  aliniK  the  coast  of  X'ancouver  and  Oucen 
Charlotte's  isl.ands  in  iS6.i  with  the  T/iorntou  and  p.-irticipated  in  some  very 
lively  Inilian  skirmishes,  in  one  of  which,  in  [S6S.  with  the  members  of  his 
crew,  he  sncceetied  in  exlerminalin^  about  twentv  Indians  i see  paj^e  i6S).  He 
was  the  tirst  man  in  the  sealing  business  to  send  ont  steam  schooners,  and  at  one 
lime  o])erated  a  lleet  of  eij^ht  steam  and  sailing  vessels.  The  seizures  tif  [SS6 
and  KSS7  were  particularly  liard  on  Cajilain  Warren  and  crippled  him  linancially. 
so  that  he  lost  the  accumulated  jirotits  of  his  man\'  \ears  of  perilous  work  as  a 
trader.  In  addition  to  beitif?  prominent  in  sealing;  circles.  Captain  Warren  has 
at  dillerent  times  been  eotniected  with  a  );reat  many  other  steamers  plyin;.;  in 
the  freight  and  jiassen^er  service,  ami  at  the  ])resent  time  is  t>peralin)^  the 
steamer  litirluirt:  liOSCiKcitz  on  the  ntirthern  ronte  from  X'ietoria. 

'Capt.  Da  liel  McLean  was  born  in  Sydney,  Cape  Hrelon,  in  1S51,  and 
conuiienced  his  marine  i-areer  at  th.at  place.  lie  afterward  sailed  out  of  New 
\'(nk  as  mate  on  deeji-water  ships,  and  came  to  the  I'acitic  Coast  about  l8,Su,  sailinj^  over  three  thousand  miles  on  the  waters  of 
Alaska  and  British  Columbia  with  the  seven-ton  sloop  /•'/idrciii',  prospecting  for  minerals  ami  working  for  some  time  at  placer 
milling  on  what  was  afterward  known  as  the  Treadwell  claim.  lie  also  discovereil  the  coal  mine  now  owned  by  the  .Alaska 
Commercial  Coniiiany.  While  ]irospectinj;  with  his  sloop,  McLean  was  inijiressed  with  the  large  nnmher  of  seals  in  that  region, 
decided  that  sealinj,'  wiinld  be  a  good  business  to  follow,  ami  in  the  fall  of  iSS.^  with  his  brother  .\lex,  took  ont  the  schooner 
Siin  Piciio  from  San  b'rancisco,  made  a  fair  catch  and  sold  the  skins  in  Victoria.  The  followinj»  season  be  took  oiu  the  schooner 
Mitry  llliii,  securing  2,.|(«i  skins,  2,7(ki  in  iSS,.;,  and  in  i.SSo  broke  the  record  with  4,268.  In  iSS6  lie  brou'iht  the  schooner  l'iiiiiiif>li 
froni  Halifax  to  Victoria  and  the  followiiii;  year  secured  a.soiskins.  In  i.SSS  he  was  ordered  ont  of  HL.iii.t;  ,Sea  by  the  American 
C.overnment.  ,\  year  later  he  anain  took  the  sclnvnier  .lAii  r  AV/iv;  and  secured  1.200  skins.  In  iSi)o  he  s.iiled  the /;'i/,-.iiyi/ A". 
//  c/'s/iT,  whose  catch  was  i  ..V'  He  went  to  Copper  Island  in  1841 ,  secured  2,  ia>  skins,  and  in  1892,  \iii)i  and  iSy4  was  on  the  coast 
of  Jajiaii,  makiiiK  catches  of  i.c/xi,  1,700  and  i,Si«i  respectively. 


CAl'l.  Al.l:x   MCI.K 


428 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


I  i 


secured  the  right  to  kill   ido.ooo  seals  aiiinialty  on  St.  GeorRC  niul  St.  Paul  islands,  and  were  granted  similar 
privileges  on  Copper  Island. 

The  fleet  for  i.S,S4  was  much  the  same  as  that  of  the  preceding  year.  The  schooner  /'avoiilf,  Ciqil. 
Alex  McLean,'  secured  i,7,'i4  skins,  the  largest  catch,  while  the  Polphiii  and  Alftrd  AJ,ims  took  900  each, 
Capt.  Daniel  Mcl.ean,  who  was  on  the  schooner  City  0/ Sail  /)/fxo  in  1883,  in  1SS4  commanded  the  A/iiij  ElUn, 
the  first  British  sealer  to  enter  Bering  Sea,  making  a  good  catch.     The  Mniy  Kl/iii,  as  well  as  the  J'avoril,-. 

was  owned  hy  Capt.  William   Spring,  who  died  hefore  the  vessels 
I  ;  •  returned  from  their  crui.se.    He  had  fre(|uently  expres.sed  his  intenlidii 

of  .sending  out  white  hunters  with  one  and  Indians  with  the  other,  in 
order  to  c()mi)are  their  merits.  His  eldest  .son.  Capt.  Charles  Spriii),', 
carried  out  this  plan  in  1885,  the  Afary  Elhii,  Capt.  Dan  McLean, 
going  out  with  white  hunters,  and  the  /'avoi He,  Capt.  Alex  McLefin, 
with  Indians.  The  financial  result  was  about  the  same,  although  the 
A/diy  ElliH  established  a  record  by  taking  2.309  skins,  while  llie 
I'avoi He  secured  :;,o7,v  the  combined  catches  of  the  two  schooners 
representing  a  value  of  $35,000.  The  San  Piixo,  Capt.  Cathcart,  was 
also  in  Bering  Sea  this  year,  obtaining  1.72.5  skins,  the  i'aiideii'ill 
1,243,  ""'1  'I'e  Oiruaid.  Capt.  Niels  Moos,''  .secured  2.i«io.  Other 
schooners  in  1885  were  the  Oaaii  Spray,  Sea  /'oam,  Moiinlaiii  Cliiif, 
Clyde.  X'aiiderbilt,  .liiielliysl  and  Ameiiean.  J.  I).  Warren's  fleet  was 
the  largest,  including  the  steam  schooners  Holfiliiii.  Ctaee,  .lima  lleck 
and  'riioniion,  and  the  schooner  Kintler ;  Sjjring  &  Co.  had  the 
Oiiiemd,  Favon'le,  K'ale,  At/red  Adams  and  Afaiy  lillen  :  while  C'.ntt- 
inan  &  Frank  operated  the  Moiiiilain  Chief  and  lUaek  lliamoiid,  and 
A.  I).  Laing  the  W.  I'.  Sayward.  The  entire  X'ictoria  fleet  furnished 
employment  to  over  two  hundred  canoes  and  five  hundred  Indians. 
William  Munsie'  had  purchased  the  old  pilot  schooner  Caioline, 
which  made  a  very  successful  cruise.  He  went  to  Halifax  in  the  lall 
of  1885  and  bought  the  Palh/iiidei ,  which  proved  to  be  apiiroi)rialcly 
named,  as  she  was  the  first  of  a  large  fleet  which  rounded  the  Horn 
She  was  brought  out  by  Captain  O'Leary,"  arrived  at  \'ictoria  in  April, 
1886.  made  a  crui.se  to  Bering  Sea,  and  returned  with  2.000  skins. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  schooners,  each  of  which  made  good  catches,  had  a  tendency  to  lower  the 
price  of  skins;  and  naturally  enough  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  whose  twenty-year  lease  of  the  breediti.i; 
islands  was  proving  highly  profitable,  resented  this  interference.  The  revenue  cutter  Coi;eiii  was  sent  to 
Bering  Sea  with  orders  to  seize  all  vessels  found  .sealing  in  tho.se  waters.  The  first  .seizures  were  the  Tlioi  iiloii. 
Captain  Guttorman.sen,  the  Oiiwaid,  Capt.  Daniel  Munroe,  and  the  Caioline,  Capt.  James  Ogilvie.  This  act  was 
the  beginning  of  one  of  the  most  disgraceful  and  unjust  ))olicies  to  which  the  United  States  has  ever  been  a  parlv. 
These  vessels  were  seized  on  the  high  .seas,  a  territory  universally  recognized  in  international  law  as  a  free 


WlLMA.M    Ml'NSlK 


to  engage  in  sealing  in  the  Northwest. 


'Capl.  Ale.xHiuter  ^IcLeaii  was  Ijorii  in  Sydney,  Cape  Brelon,  in  1S59,  anil  touimenced  liis  marine  service  on  the  Allanlic 
Coast  ill  1S73.  In  18S0  he  came  lo  the  Pacific  Coast  as  second  ollicer  of  the  cli]>per  sliij)  Santa  Clara,  and  on  Icavinj^  her  was  for  a 
long  time  first  ofiicer  of  the  Sir  /allies  Doiii^las  anil  for  a  short  lime  in  charjje  of  Ihi'  steamer  /I'earei:  lie  SHbse(|neiitly  enna^;eil  in 
varions  capacities  on  llie  Cier/ritile,  ll'es/erii  Slope,  /\ieijie  Slof^e  .and  oilier  Ilrilish  Coliinihia  steamers.  Ilis  first  sealing  was  in  iSS,^, 
when  he  left  San  I'rancisco  with  the  schooner  San  Diejjo,  wiiich  took  iinl  the  first  crew  of  white  hiinlers  engaged  in  the  hllsilK•^^. 
He  next  had  command  of  the  Farorile,  which  he  operated  in  parlnersliip  with  Ciipl.  William  .Spring,  continuing  with  him  iiiuil 
the  time  of  Spring's  death.  He  tlien  took  the  schooner  Mary  I'.lleii,  which  he  sailed  for  two  seasons,  leaving  her  to  go  with  llic 
J.  IJainiltoii  Lewis,  wliicli  was  seized  otT  Cop])er  Island  hy  a  Russian  manorwar,  on  which  Captain  Aid. can  and  his  crew  wen- 
imprisoned  fonr  months.  (In  being  released  Captain  McLean  went  north  the  following  year  with  the  schooner  h'ose  Sparks,  which 
he  left  to  try  an  experiment  with  the  .llexaiuter,  tlic  largest  steam  sealer  <m  the  Pacific  Coast.  'I'liis  method  of  taking  seals  ])roved 
too  expensive,  and  in  i.Sgi  he  took  out  the  /ioiiaiiza,  returning  with  2,iSy  skins,  which  was  the  largest  catch  111. ide  hy  any  San 
I'"rancisco  schooner. 

'Capt.  Niels  Moos  was  horn  in  Denmark  in  1.S51  and  commenced  sailing  on  the  .\tlantic  when  a  hoy.  lie  came  to  the 
Northwest  about  1S70  ami  was  with  Captain  Christiansen  on  the  Surprise,  which  was  one  of  the  first  vessels  to  make  a  business  of 
sealing.  .Xfter  leaving  this  vessel  Captain  Moos  was  on  the  .  Ileri  and  /•'arori/e  in  the  emiilov  of  Spring.  McKay  &  Co..  for  seven 
years,  leaving  there  to  engage  with  Cajitain  Warren  on  the  steam  sdiooners  />(ilp/ti'i  and  V'/iiirii/oii,  wliere  he  rem.ained  for  six 
years.  He  was  then  einiiloyeil  by  Capt.  Charles  Spring  to  handle  the  A'aie,  remaiiiiug  with  her  and  the  (hrwarJ  for  five  years,  aiil 
has  recently  hail  charge  of  the  Victoria  jjilot-boat. 

'Capt.  William  Miinsie  was  born  in  Nova  .Scotia  in  1X49  and  commenced  sealing  operations  at  Victoria  ill  lS8i>.  He  secnrol 
the  pilot-boat  Caroline,  fitted  her  ont  for  that  bnsiness  in  1SS4.  and  a  year  later  brought  the  first  sdiooner  ronnd  the  Horn  to  engaijr 
in  sealing.  This  vessel  was  apiiroprialely  named  the  /'allijiihler,  and  was  pnrcliased  in  Halifax  by  Captain  .Miinsie  in  the  fall  "t 
1SH5.  In  I S86  he  purchased  the  r/':rt.  in  1.SS9  the  Tl/ifrr  7iii/i)r.  in  i.Sijz  the /I/i/r  A'c/A'.  in  iScj;,  a  half  interest  in  the  (  V/d.  and  in  i,Sm| 
the  schooner  Cilr  of  Sail  />iei;(i.  He  disposed  of  the  ;I/i;/i'  Taylor  and  ralli/iiiiler  in  1894.  the  latter  vessel  now  sailing  under  tin 
name  Pioneer.  The  Cantliiie  was  seized,  condemned  and  sold  in  Alaska  in  1S.S6.  Tile  /'a/lijiiider  was  seized  in  1SS9  and  .again  in 
1S90.  being  released  in  both  cases.  The  Caroline  was  so  jioorly  cared  for  in  Alaska  that  she  became  a  wreck  while  in  the  liands  nl 
the  United  .States  ("lOvernment.  The  other  vessels  are  siill  being  operated  by  Ca])taiii  Munsie,  who  is  one  of  the  best  po.sted  1111  n 
on  the  sealing  industry  in  British  Columbia. 

'Capt.  William  O'heary  was  born  in  Nova  .Scotia  in  1853  and  has  followed  the  water  for  over  twenty  years.  He  was  ainoiiu 
the  first  of  the  Kastern  sealing  masters  to  come  to  the  Pacific  Northwest,  and  commenced  sealing  out  of  Victoria  in  1S86011  llic 
schooner  I'alli/iinter,  which  .it  the  present  time  bears  the  name  Tioiieer.  He  has  recently  had  charge  of  the  fieiieva,  with  which  lie 
has  had  very  good  success,  taking  over  two  thousand  seals  ill  1.S9V  Captain  O'I.eary  sailed  from  Victoria  with  the  it'eiietn. 
December  31st.  for  the  Japan  coast,  and  was  the  first  of  the  1S95  lleet  lo  leave  port  with  a  full  crew  of  white  men. 


/}  Brief  History  of  the  British  Columbia  Sealing  Industry 


\2q 


[ranted  similar 

'avorile,  Cajit, 
3ok  yoo  eacli. 
le  Mary  liUeii, 

the  l'avorilt\ 
re  the  vessils 
(I  his  intciitioti 
h  the  other,  in 
hark's  vS])riiiK, 
Dan  McLean, 
(\lex  Mcl.efin, 
!,  although  tlie 
;ins,  while  the 
two  schooners 
.  Cathcart,  was 
the  V'andobilt 

T,(K)0.  Other 
loiinlain  Chief, 
Ten's  fleet  was 
icf,  Anna  Heck 
:  Co.  hail  the 
!  ,•   while  tiiitt- 

Piamoud.  and 
fleet  furnished 
ulred  Indians. 
oner  Ciiioliiu\ 
ifax  in  the  fall 
i  appropriately 
uled  the  Horn 
toria  in  April, 

:y  to  lower  tliu 
)f  the  hreediiii; 
;   was   .sent   to 

the  Thonilou, 

This  act  was 

r  been  a  party. 

law  as  a  free 

on  tile  .Mlamii- 
ij^  her  Wits  for  ;i 
iitly  eiiK''iK^''l  '" 
iti^  was  in  i.SS^, 
in  tile  l)usiiie>>.. 
with  him  until 

er  to  ^o  with  tlif 
1  his  crew  were 

^e  Spaekfi,  whicli 
iii^  seals  prove! 
ade  hy  aii\   S;iii 

He  came  to  the 
ike  a  Inisiness  nf 
^t  Co.,  for  seven 
einaiiied  for  six 
)r  five  years,  aii'i 

Hi  I.  lie  seciirt'd 
Horn  to  eiiKa'.:e 

ie  in  the  fall  ol 
Wo,  and  in  i8m| 

liliiig  niider  the 

,Sy  anil  ajjain  i" 
in  the  hands  nl' 

lest  posted  nu  ii 

lie  was  amoni,' 

ill  1886  on  the 

r,  with  which  lie 

th  the   lieneui. 


highway  for  the  commerce  of  all  countries.  The  Canadian  .sealers  were  engaged  in  a  peaceful  occupation  when 
Ihe  Coi'uin  swooped  down  on  them,  took  possession  of  their  .schooners,  turned  part  of  their  men  adrift  several 
hundred  miles  from  their  homes,  without  food  or  shelter  ;  while  others,  masters  and  mates  of  the  caiitured 
vessels,  were  thrown  into  prison  and  fined.  After  months  of  this  confinement  they  were  relea.sed,  and,  literally 
destitute,  found  their  way  hack  to  Victoria.  One  of  the  unfortunates,  Captain  Ogilvie,  never  returned.  He 
was  an  old  man,  had  spent  most  of  his  life  in  British  Columbia,  and  being  naturally  protidspirited,  and  not  fully 
realizing  the  manner  in  which  the  world  would  regard  his  imprisonment,  he  worried  and  brooded  over  his 
wrongs  until,  when  released,  he  became  a  raving  maniac,  wandered  away  to  the  woods  and  jierished  from 
exposure.  The  United  States  Government,  which  thus  indirectly  murdered  poor  Captain  Ogilvie,  did  not  confine 
its  operations  to  Canadian  .sealers.  The  American  flag,  which  had  always  given  to  any  ves.sel  flying  it  the 
right  to  engage  in  peaceful  pursuits  on  any  marine  highway  in  the  world,  failed  to  protect  the  .sealing  schooners 
who  interfered  witli  the  business  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company.  All  of  the  vessels  .seized  in  i.SSfi  were 
over  sixty  miles  from  shore.  The  amionnced  purpose  of  these  seizures  was  the  protection  of  the  seal,  which, 
according  to  the  figures  of  the  Alaska  monopoly,  was  in  danger  of  extinction.  Time  has  proven  the  fallacy  of 
llieir  estimates,  as  every  year  has  shown  a  wonderful  increase  in  the  catch,  with  no  visible  diminution  of  the  vast 
herds  animally  journeying  northward. 

James  O.  Swan  of  I'ort  Townsend,  who  has  made  a  study  of  the  habits  of  the  seal  for  over  forty  years,  in  a 
very  able  article  on  the  subject  says  :   "  I  consider  our  laws  regarding  fur  seals  as  a  monumental  humbug  system, 
inaugurated  solely  for  the  benefit  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  and  their  successors,  the  present  lessees  of 
the  Pribilof  Islands,  and  not  for  the  public 
good.     It  is  true  that  the  Government  derives 
a  rent  from  the  lessees  of  those  islands,  but, 
when  we  look  at  the  expense  of  maintaining 
a  fleet  of  armed  vessels  as  a  police  patrol  in 
Hering  Sea,  and  the  expen.se  of  litigation  and 
the  .sums  of  money  to  be  paid  to  Canadian 
vessels  for  unlawful  .seizures,  all  the  vaunted 
benefits  of  the  lea.se  of  the  Pribilof  Islands 
dwindles   into   insignificance,  and  the  credit 
side  of  the  Government  ledger  presents  but 
a  sorry  sight.     We  are  told  that  the  seals  are 
decreasing  in  number  and  soon  will  be  exter- 
minated, as   they  were  said   to   be  at  Cape 
Horn,   and    the    facts   are   cited    as   p.irallel 
cases.     The  seals  were  driven  from  the  Cape 
Horn  Islands  by  the  greed  of   the  luinlers. 
.IS   they  are  being  driven  from  the  I'ribilof 
Islands    by    the    actions    of    the    company 
themselves  ;  but  the  fur  seals  have  not  been 
exterminated  at  Cape  Horn  nor  will  they  be 
exterminated  when   the  last  one  leaves  the 
I'ribilof  Islands  :  they  will  simply  go  to  .some  other  i>lace.     The  Cape  Horn  fur  .seals  have  multiplied  in  incredible 
numbers  on  the  South  Shetland  Islands,  and  the  I'ribilof  Islands  seals  are  returning  to  Copper  Island  and  the 
Japan  coast.     They  will  not  be  extinguished,  notwithstanding  the  howls  of  the  fur  dealers  of  .San  Francisco,  but 
tliey  will  surely  be  driven  from  the  I'ribilof  Islands.     The  laws  should  be  altered  or  amended  so  the  public,  and 
not  a  powerful  monopoly,  will  be  benefited.     I  believe  that  the  same  men  who  are  protected  on  the  Atlantic  as 
fishermen  should  be  protected  on  the  Pacific,  and  not  branded  as  jiirates  and  poachers." 

In  the  trial  of  the  Tlioniloii  at  Sitka,  Judge  Dawson,  in  his  charge  to  the  jury,  said  :  "  liy  the  treaty  of 
March  30,  iSfS;,  between  Ru.ssia  and  the  United  States,  the  western  boundary  line  of  Ala.ska  passes  through  a 
point  in  Hering  .Strait  on  the  parallel  of  (1^°  30'  north,  at  its  intersection  by  the  meiidian  which  pa.s.ses  midway 
between  the  islands  of  Krnsenstern  and  Ignalook,  and  proceeds  north  without  limitation  into  the  same  frozen 
oi^eaii.  The  same  western  limit,  beginning  at  the  same  initial  point,  proceeds  thence  in  a  course  nearly  southwest 
through  Hering  .Strait  and  Hering  .Sea,  .so  as  to  pass  midway  between  the  northwest  point  of  the  Island  of  St. 
I.awrence  and  the  southwest  point  of  Cape  Chaukotski  to  the  meritlian  of  172°  west  ,  thence  from  the  intersection 
of  that  meridian  in  a  southwesterly  direction  .so  as  to  pass  midway  between  the  Island  of  Attou  and  the  Copper 
Island  of  the  Kounavdoski  couplet  or  group  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  to  the  meridian  of  193°  west,  .so  as  to 
include,  in  the  territory  conveyed,  the  whole  of  the  Aleutian  Islands  east  of  the  meridian.  All  the  waters  within 
the  boundary  set  forth  in  this  treaty,  to  the  western  end  of  the  .Meutian  archiiielago  and  the  chain  of  islands,  are 
lo  be  considered  as  comprised  within  the  waters  of  Alaska,  and  all  the  penalties  prescribed  by  law  against  the 
kdling  of  fur-bearing  animals  must  therefore  attach  against  any  violation  of  law  within  the  limits  before 
described." 


SciinnNl:H  "  K\TV.  " 


h 


43" 


Lewis  cf  Dryden  s  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Nortfiwest 


Alter  till'  riii'i  iiloii.  (.'ill  I'll  iir  ami  (hiaurd  \\m\  lain  <)i\  llif  beach  for  si'viT.il  nidiitlis,  tlic  attention  of  Hi, 
tTnitfd  States  Cioverniiieiit  wa-.  failed  to  a  iioiiit  in  internatii)iial  law  wliieli  lia<l  l)ei'ii  nvirlcidked.  Jiidne  Dausciii  . 
ehar^e  was  jHTfectly  correct  in  its  way,  hnt  it  failed  to  go  bark  to  the  period  when  Knssia  seenred  her  rij^lils  i.. 
the  disputed  waters.  A  FkiinK  Sea  seizure  was  made  sixty-five  years  before  this,  at  which  time  the  virtn(iii> 
roar  of  indignation  had  come  from  American  throats.  The  vessel  was  the  American  whaler  liouuly,  seized  by  tin- 
Russians  in  1S21.  The  United  States  Government  protesteil  and  made  a  winning  contest  on  the  ground  that 
Russia  had  no  jurisdiction  bevond  the  three-mile  limit.  The  luuinly  was  accordingly  released  ,itnl  an  iiidemiiil\ 
paid  her  owners.  This  decision  regarding  the  limit  was  accepted  as  satisfactory  by  all  nations  concerned,  iiinl 
naturally  enough  the  claim  of  the  United  States  to  rights  which  she  had  once  relu.sed  to  concede  to  the  fornur 
owner  of  the  dispiilul  territory  was  declared  unreasonable  and  invalid.  When  the  enormity  of  the  outrage  tli.ii 
had  been  perpetrated  iti  the  name  of  the  law  was  realized  in  the  councils  of  state,  the  United  Slates  receded  from 
the  position  it  ha<l  taken  and  ordered  the  release  of  the  Ciih'anl,  Ctio/hie  and  Tliointon,  but.  before  this  decision 
was  arrived  at,  the  schooners  had  been  rotting  on  the  beach  in  .Alaska  for  two  years.  The  iiatnral  supposition 
would  be  that  this  Oovernmeut.  alter  thus  ackiKiwledgitig  .i  wrong,  would  hasten  to  recompense  the  sun"er<i~ 
Such  was  not  the  case.  The  men  who  had  been  conllned  in  the  S(|ualid  prisons,  as  well  as  those  who  weii 
deprived  of  their  means  of  livelihood  for  months,  as  yet  have  received  not  even  an  apology. 

Wlieii  the  news  of  the  seizures  reached  the  other  schooners,  they  hurriedly  left  the  sea.  The  /'uvoi  ilr, 
Captain   McLean,  look   300  skins  from  the  Oiiuanl  just  before  she  was  cajitured  aiul  sailed  awa\  in  safely  ;    the 

Polfiliin,  Cajitain  Warren,  also 
came  out  with  J.ond  as  soon  a-- 
the  Loniiii  was  sighted;  llu 
/\it/i/iiiifi-i .  Ca|)tain  l)'I,ear\ 
and  the  Syhiii  Uniidy,  had  a 
like  number  aboard  before  tliey 
-.cented  danger;  \.\\^il\iiidirbill 
secured  1,24,^,  the  Aitiir 
1,400,  and  the  Siin  Hiii^o  made 
a  good  calch.  .She  was  sei/ed 
by  the  Coiuiti,  but  .satislieil 
the  officials  that  her  skins  liail 
not  been  taken  in  Heiiiig  Se;i. 
Several  good  schooners  were 
added  to  the  fleet  in  i.s.so,  Caji- 
tain Miner'  bringing  the  /V 
)t(/o/>f  {u)\n  Yokohama.  Allu 
leaving  the  latter  port  Captain 
Miner  jnit  a  defaulling  pay- 
master <in  board  the  schooner 
.//(//V.  which  ca])size<l  tlim 
days  later.  The  .  li/i/<\  Cip 
lain  IlaU'-en,  coiumoiily  kiU'u  11 
as   the    "  Flying    Dutcliniaii 

also  came  from  Yokohama,  reaching  \'ictoria  from  Bering  Sea  with  1,1411  skins.  She  was  biiill  at  Shanghai  about 
ten  years  before  for  a  pilot-boat  but  afterward  engaged  in  sealing  under  the  Russian  flag,  snbsei|Ueiitly  assuiniir.: 
the  Oerinan  colors.  She  was  owned  in  Yokohama.  The  .  l//if  I.  .t/i;ii .  a  fine  .sealing  .schooner  seventy  si.x  fe( : 
long,  twenty-five  feel  lieam.  and  eight  feel  five  inches  hold,  was  built  at  Seattle  for  Harry  Alger  by  J.  !•'.  T 
Mitchell,  and  sailed  for  .several  years  by  Capt.  Iv.  P.  Miner.  The  schooner  I'/iniiifiioii  was  purchased  by  Chiel 
Peter  of  the  Xeah  May  Indians.  'IMiese  people  had  made  ipiite  a  success  of  .sealing,  owned  three  small  sclio<iiui  • 
beside  the  Clunnpion.  and  afterward  jnirchased  the  old  Hrilish  schooner  Dinoviiy. 

The  revenue  cutlers  gathered  in  six  .American  and  six  British  scalers  in  iS,S7,  the  former  the  .Mlir  I.  .  I/:;, : 
.liiiiif.  I.illir  I...  Alpha.   I\\ite  nml  Anno,  and  Syliiii   llnndy :  the  latter  the  Alfred  Adnnn.  Anii.i   IU-<k.   IT.  /'. 
Say-.iiiiil,  Dolphin,  (,i<i,<\  and  .Uln.     The  Chulli-nffc  was  also  seized  but  afterward  released.     The  .tlfrid  .Id.ini' 
Capt.  W.  H.  Dyer,  was  captured  and  ordered  to  Sitka,  but  the  Indian  crew,  having  a  suspicion  of  the  experieiio 
of  .some  of  their  companions,  imilinied.  and  compelled  the  captain  to  go  to  X'ictoria,  keeping  a  close  watch  on  tin 

"Capl.  I''.  I'.  Miner  was  linrii  in  Santa  Ilarb.'ira.  Cal  .  in  iS.=i4.  and  .sailed  onl  of  tlie  ports  of  lli.it  State  in  iS;''),  linnliii;^  sr  ; 
otter  with  the  siliooiar  .Siiifiiiw.  IIu  was  afle-rward  in  tlie  same  linsincss  with  the  Cvi;iiil.  and  in  iSSo  took  tlie  7'hifr  .Sislii  .i  n" 
a  similar  cxjiedilioii  lo  tlif  Kuril  I.slands.  Japan.  j,'<iiiif;  lluTe  a^ain  in  iSSi  willi  l\\e  .Innslnsiii  C'cis/immi.  In  iSSi  In- i-oinniiini  i 
nsinn  slint),'uiis  in  liniUiiig  the  seals,  liuiiij;  the  first  to  nse  Unit  weajion.  In  i.S.S^  he  was  mate  of  llic  (  Vm;i,'<i.  and  was  then  master  ■  ' 
the  /V//(V.'/>(',  s.'iilin^  lit-r  until  iSS6.  hein^i  with  her  on  a  trip  of  five  months  in  1.SS4.  wlien  he  lo-ik  4..So<'  seal  skins  and  ^im  sea-oiu  : 
skins,  the  latter  seilinj;  for  Jio.'iJ.i,  while  the  total  for  the  trip  was  f45.i«H>.  Kelwceii  1SS7  and  1S89  lie  was  master  of  ijie  l.illii-  /  ., 
Roiii);  from  her  to  the  .Mlic  I.  ■  l/,i;i>.  In  iScji  he  liecame  interested  with  J.  C.  Nixon  and  purchased  the  lltiiiy  Dt  niiis,  wliieh  h  ■ 
cominanded  until  she  was  lost  on  the  Ja])an  coast  in  1S94.  RetnrninK  to  Seattle  he  fitleil  out  the /:7/c/ /(i//«.s-ii«.  and.  .ilthon^h  li" 
had  a  short  .season,  made  a  catch  of  i.2(X)  seals.     Captain  Miner  has  never  made  an  nnprofitalile  trip  witli  a  schooner  in  his  cliaini 


ScnOuNKK   "W.    I".    S.AVWAHl* 


tcntion  of  llu 

kIhu  I)iuvsim\ 

licr  ri>;lit'*  in 

•  tlu'  virtudiw 
,  sci/(.'(l  by  till' 
L'  urouiul  thiit 

an  inik'iniiity 
■oiiccriR'd,  ;iiiil 
ti>  tlif  foriiKi 

•  ontranc  lllal 
;  recedi'il  frdni 
V  \.h\>  (k'l'isKiii 
ral  siipiiosiliiiii 

iiisc   wlio  will- 

The   I'tiVi'iili-. 
ill  safely  ;    llie 
II  Warren,  also 
,000  as  soon  as 
i  sighted  ;   the 
itain    O'I.earv, 
fl<ni<U\  had  a 
iird  before  they 
;   tlie  /  '(iiniirbill 
\T,.   tile    Aclivf 
iiiii  /'/Vi,'('  made 
She  was  seized 
,    Iml    satislied 
t  her  skins  h;iil 
in  HeliiiK'  Sea, 
schooners   weie 
t  in  i,s,S(i,  Cap- 
nv;iiig   the   /V- 
diania.     After 
r  port  Captain 
efaiilliiiH    I'iiy- 
1   the  sehooiKi 
eaiisi/ed    three 
le    .  li/(/i\  Cap- 
iiiiiioiily  kiidWii 
Dnlchniaii," 
shanghai  ahont 
■iilly  assnniini; 
evenly  six  feel 
er  by  J,  I',  T, 
lii.sed  by  Chiel 
iiiiall  schoonei-- 

.I///,-  I.  .l/:^>i. 
„  /!,;k.  11:  /'. 
\/fnil  .  Ui<im> 
the  experieiK'' 
se  watch  on  the 


iS7fi,  liiiiitiii),'  .«■ ! 

■Jliiiv  Sisln.i  .!■• 
Si  Ik-  i-oiiiim-iu'<-  \ 
as  then  master  '  ' 

ami  ,s<»'  sea-filli  : 
r  (if  tile  /,////(■  /  , 
PiUiiis,  which  li  ■ 
ami,  aUliiiii>;h  1;  ■ 
tier  ill  his  chai^i  ■ 


f 


A  Brief  History  of  the  British  Coliimbin  Sealinij  Industry 


3.U 


pi 


\V|"1,I.    KndWN     MaSTKHS    in    THK    NiiK  I  H\\  MSThRN    SKAI.INC.    M.I'll 


43a 


Lewis  c?  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


compass  to  make  sure  thnt  la-  went  tliLTc.  Tliv  ofTicors  of  tlie  .schooner  wei/ccl  were  detained  in  Sitka  for  six  weeks 
and  lliL'U  ri'ii'asi.'d.  TIk'  S(VI  /oxi'-  was  taken  liy  tlic  rcveiint.'  cutter  Kmli  and  orderiMJ  to  Sitka,  l>nt  instead  ran  fdi 
.San  l-'rancisci).  Tlie  vessels  wiiieli  were  fortunate  enouuli  to  escape  ina<le  very  good  eatelies,  the  total  nund)er  fur 
tile  year  credited  to  the  \'icloria  lleet  being  i.'.oHj  skins  on  the  coast  and  12,71^1  in  Dering  Sea.  'I'he  /'iiiflof'i\ 
Captain  Miner,  left  X'ietoria  in  I'VUniary  and  returned  May  jJth  with  1,324  skins,  the  largest  coast  catch  ever 
made.  She  also  ohtained  [..sixi  in  Bering  ,Sea.  The /'Af/r /'.'//<•«,  saile<l  hy  the  Mcl.eans,  secured  3,525  skin^, 
John  Jacohsen,  one  of  her  hunters,  taking  57  in  one  day.  and  Julian  Arch,  another,  5.).  The  i'lilli/iiiilci , 
Captain  O'I.eary,  .secured  j,,Si)i),  six  hunters  in  one  day  killing  .'.(7  seals,  and  Joseph  Dupout  alone  killing  57. 
The  American  schooner  \\'<illcr  I,.  Rit/i  arrived  at  X'ictoria,  January  21st,  from  I'rovincetown,  Mass.,  having  liteii 
ashore  for  six  mouths  near  Cape  Horn.  The  Miiiy  '/'ny/or,  Captain  McKiel,'"  .secured  j,-,u«>  skins,  the  /■'iiioritc, 
Capt.  I.aughliu  Mcl<enn"  1,887,  the  k'atf  2,230,  the  Moiiiiliiin  Chiif  1,200,  the  Theiesa,  Captain  Dodtl,  1,246,  and 
the  I'aiideihill  1,300.  Other  vessels  in  the  fleet  were  the  Adii<\  Itlmk  Pininoiid,  Cily  of'  San  /h'ii;i>.  /felcii. 
Tiiiimph.  U'(ni(/iit) ,  .hiiiiiKvt,  .■l»t;r/  /W/i  and  l.ollie  I'iiiificld.  'i'he  i'hitmf'iou  was  wrecked  near  Nituat,  and 
Cultus  (leorge  drowned.  The  Indian  schooner  .  \itivi'  foundered  thirty  miles  ofT  Cape  Flattery  during  a  hea\  \ 
gale,  J.  (tutterman  of  San  Franci.sco  and  twenty-eight  Indians  losing  their  lives.  J,  I).  Warren's  schooner 
Ruslli-i ,  Captain  Dodd,  was  driven  ashore  in  a  gale  on  the  night  of  Decemher  2fith  at  the  Nituat  River  and  became 
a  total  lo.ss,  the  crew  escaping.  The  //'.  /'.  Saywaid,  sei/.ed  this  vear,  was  owned  by  A.  1).  I.aing  of  Victoria 
and  sailed  by  Captain  h'erey.''  .\s  .soon  as  po.ssible  Mr.  I.aing  appealed  from  the  decision  which  condemned  his 
.schooner  and  bonded  her  out.     The  vessel  attained  a  world-wide  reputation  as  the  one  decided  on  for  a  test  case, 

which  the  Dominion  and  United  States  gov- 
ernments considered  .solely  in  the  arbitration 
which  followed.  The  Dominion  of  course 
won,  but  unfortunately  the  damages  have  not 
yet  been  paid.  The  Snyuaid  was  the  only 
one  of  the  thirteen  vessels  sei/.ed  which  was 
bonded  out. 

Several  very  fine  .schooners  arrived 
from  the  ICasteru  coast  in  18H8.  The  Hdhuid 
I'.,  ll'i/is/rr  and  the  Mollic  Adams  were 
brought  out  from  (iloucester,  Mass.,  by  Capt. 
Sol  Jacobs,  who  placed  them  in  the  halilml 
fishing  trade  soon  after  their  arrival,  but 
they  soon  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  \'ictoria 
.sealers.  The  Osair  and  I/dllit',  a  trimly 
built  vessel  ninety  feet  long,  twenty-three 
feet  beam,  and  nine  feet  hold,  arrived  from 
Swampscott,  Mass.,  in  command  of  Captain 
Johnson,  and  on  her  first  cruise  from  I'ort 
Townsend  secured  100,000  pounds  of  fish. 
Capt.  H.  F.  Sieward,''  who  had  been  sailing 
out  of  \'ictoria  for  some  time,  returned  to  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  purchased  the  .schooner  .liaiiiia/i  for  Hall  \ 
Goepel,  arriving  at  Victoria  in   .March,  [52  days  from   Halifax.     She  was  fitted  out  with  an   Indian  crew  and 

'"Capt.  Robert  Iv  .McICiel  was  lidrti  in  Nova  Scolia  in  iSs;  ami  commcnofcl  Koiiij,'  lo  sea  at  llie  n^'e  of  fourteen.  lie  c.iiiif'  1" 
Victoria  in  September.  1SS6,  ami  was  first  in  eoniinaml  of  tlie  sclinoiier  Maty  Tiivh>t\  with  which  lie  ran  away  from  tlie  reveinu- 
cntlers  in  July,  1.S.S7,  reaching  Victoria  in  safety.  He  saileil  the  flfiiiy  Tuv/oi  in  tlie  spring,'  of  iS.SS  on  the  coast  anil  for  the  rest  cil 
the  year  was  enj^a^eil  on  tlie  U't's/rnt  S/t'/>i\  lie  llien  went  lojapan  ami  liroiiHlit  over  tlie  schooner  /li'iih'ii'i',  with  which  he  started 
for  liering  Sea  witli  .111  Imliaii  crew  in  iSSy,  In  iSgo  lie  hamlleil  the  A".  /.".  .l/iifi'in  on  the  coast  an<l  in  Heriii)^  .Sea,  ami  then  weiu 
to  Halifax  and  hronnlit  ont  the  MiUiJ  .S'.,  which  he  operateil  on  the  co.ast  ami  off  Copper  IslamI  until  iSm,  wlicMi  tile  schooner  w.i-. 
sei/.eil  ami  taken  lojapan,  where  she  was  releasecl  without  much  trouble.  Capt.-iiii  AIcKiel  fitted  (nit  in  Japan  in  iSy.}.  ami,  after  .1 
successful  season,  arrived  at  Victoria  in  .September  of  that  year. 

"  C.'ipt.  I.au^hlin  Mcl.eaii  was  born  on  Prince  Ivlw.ird  IslamI  in  is.s,^.  and,  after  an  experience  of  many  years  on  the  .Atlantic 
Coast,  came  to  Victoria  in  1SS6.  He  enK^■lvred  in  sealiii,i<  on  the  schooner  f''avoyitt\  which  was  built  at  .Sooke  in  iS6tj,  iiml  has  siiin- 
remained  in  charj^e.  He  has  always  met  \\illi  success,  .and  until  1S91  his  schooner  had  tlie  record  of  beiiij^  the  only  one  of  tile  licet 
Hiimolested  by  the  revenue  cutters.  I.ast  year  the  Fnvnrili'  was  seized  on  the  very  weak  charge  of  not  having  her  lireaims  properly 
sealed.  The  case  was  investigated,  the  seizure  found  to  be  entirely  unwarranted,  and  the  schooner  was  accordingly  released.  Captain 
Mcl<eaii  has  always  made  a  special  study  of  the  habits  of  the  .seal  and  is  one  of  the  best  informed  men  on  the  industry  ill  British 
Columbia. 

'■'Capt.  G.  R.  Ferey  was  born  on  the  Channel  Islands,  I'ebruary  29,  iS.iS,  and  sailed  for  many  years  in  various  parts  of  tin 
world.  He  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  well  known  Hudson's  May  trader  Roz'er  ot  thr  Si'its  when  she  foundered  off  Cape  Horn  in  i.SSs 
In  18H7  he  joined  the  IV.  /'.  Siiywtird,  which  entereil  Iteriii^  Sea,  July  6th,  was  seized  by  the  .\merican  revenue  cutter  two  days  later, 
taken  to  Unalaska,  and  afterward  sent  to  Sitka  with  a  prize  crew  aboard,  remaining  there  jiwaitiii^  trial  for  three  months,  .\fter  the 
vessel  was  comlenine<l.  Captain  I-'erey  was  put  in  charj^e.  He  returned  to  \'ictoria  in  1SS7  and  took  cliJirj;e  of  the  t.olfit'  /•'airfit'lJ. 
leaving  her  to  jjo  as  mate  of  the  b.irk  .\'aiiai»io,  with  which  he  made  a  trip  to  China  and  also  to  .Australia,  and,  returniiiK  lo  Viciori^i. 
joined  the  schooner  Thni'sa,  ^oin^;  lo  Bering  Sea.  In  1.S.S9  he  a^^aiii  joined  the  //'.  /*.  Stn'h'ttrd,  with  which  he  has  since  remaineil, 
with  the  exception  of  a  short  lime  when  he  was  master  of  the  steamship  Ifounslow,  carryint;  coal  lo  San  Die^o. 

"Capt  II.  I'".  Sieward  was  born  in  Ciermaiiy  in  1S54  and  coniineiiced  his  nmrine  career  on  the  IjiKlish  coast.  He  came  to 
Vietori.i  about  1.SS6,  entered  the  employ  of  Hall,  doepel  fl;  Co.,  and  a  year  later  was  sent  by  them  to  Nova  Scolia  to  purcha.se  the 
Araiiiniuh,  which  he  broUKlit  to  Victoria  and  lilted  out  with  an   Indian  crew,     The  schooner  was  seized  a  few  months  later  by  tli'- 


ScHtlONKR    ■■(>: 


■■■^■^■■■^1^^^ 

:•'-■ 

•■jCe-        ■.- 

-.-:- 

/4  Brivf  History  of  (ho  British  Columbia  Senling  Imliiafry 


■\^^ 


Cait.    InliN  ('..  Cox 


starU'd  lor  Coiipt-r  Island,  vhiTc  she  was  seized  July  ist  and  coiinscated  by  llic  Riissiiiii  {'iinirnnitiit.  The  crew 
were  Heiit  to  Silieria,  niid  by  the  ititcrveiitioii  of  the  Hritish  aiiihassndnr  at  St.  I'elershiirK  were  forwarded  to 
Japan,  thence  returning  to  Victoria.  Captain  Hucknatn,  who  liad  been  in  coniniaiid  of  the  steamship  .V,//i/(<//i  i , 
purchased  the  schooner  .liic/  in  St.  John's,  New  Urnnswlck,  and  on  arriving  at  Victoria,  July  Mil,  fitted  out  for 
lleriuK  Sea,  but  was  ordered  out  by  the  revenue  cutter  Kiihiiid  Riis/i.     The  schooners  .^<i/i/>/iii,   and   //;./  also 

eame  out  from  Halifax  in  i.S,S,s      The  former  was  owned  by  V,.  1).  Marvin  iV 
^^^j|^>  Co.  and  arrived  at  Victoria,  hebruary  .)th,  in  command  of  Captain  Cox." 

^^^^^^kU  leavin>;  on  a  sealiiiK  ex|)edition  March  i6th  in  >  har^e  of  Captain  I'etit,  with 

JS  sixty   Indians.     The  /'/;«,  Captain    H.iker.  reached   \'iclorin,  Jiinuary   ist, 

■■i^kk       "^r  I'l.s  "lays  from  Halifax.     She  was  owned  by  Came  \  Mnnsie  and  left  for  the 

sealing  uroiimls  l''ebniary  sib-  One  of  her  hunters,  Oscar  Sc.irf,'  inade  a 
remarkable  record,  securing  6110  .seals  and  only  losing;  m.  This  fact  was 
mentioned  in  the  Itritish  minister's  reply  to  Secretary  Dlaine  as  proving  the 
percenlane  of  loss  in  killinn;  with  firearms  to  be  very  small. 

The  schooner  .liinic  ('.  .Wtnirr.  Cajit.  Charles  Ilackett.  arrived  at 
Victoria,  .April  .•4th,  15.S  days  from  Cape  Hreton.  The  /..  Ili'iihil  also 
started  around  from  Halifax  for  Captain  Cfniut  of  \'ictoria.  but  was 
wrecked  in  the  Straits  of  .\la>;ellan.  The  Victoria  sealing  licet  for  18S8 
included  twenty  vessels,  their  owners  and  .season's  catch  beiu^  as  follows: 
Tiiiimph,  Dan  Mcl.ean,  2,470  skins;  .liniif  C.  ,Uoo>r,  Charles  Hackett, 
71s;  Lit/it',  (fUttman  iS:  l-'rank,  v^  ;  I'alh/nulir,  Came  iSt  Munsie,  i.jsn; 
Adfle,  l'"reit/.,  .Sjj  ;  MafHiir  Miic,  John  Dodd,  1,4^4:  l'(i:vril,\  Charles 
Spring,  2  1,^4  ;  San  /osr.  J.  S.  I,ee,  4^12  ;  O.  S.  /'iKi/ci ,  William  lireiidt,  2^1; 
/iosie  Olscii,  William  Olsen,  (n)i\;  .■hinii\  James  I.aflin,  i,i.Sy;  /'(■iii/o/ir, 
J,  J.  Gray,  1,703;  .V/arj'  lillcii,  Alex  .Mcl.ean,  .',,v'^;  luiviitii.  Hall  iS: 
Ooepel,  1,194;  Mountain  ('///<•/',  H.  J acobsen,  i,-'2.5  ;  Supphiii-,  Marvin  i.\: 
Cox,  i,.'()(i ;  /Vrvr,  Came  iS:  Munsie,  -•,.S75  ;  lihuk  l'>i<uinuiii,  Guttman  iS:  h'rauk,  icjfi  ;  h'tilc,  J.  I).  Warren,  ,v"> ; 
and  Mary  '/'aylor,  v»2.  Over  four  huiulreil  men  were  employed  on  these  schooners,  and  the  total  coast  catch  was 
.S, 000  skins,  and  that  of  Heritig  Sea  if),9V'.  The  i'/ia//rnt;t\  which  had  been  seized  in  Hering  Sea  in  i.s.s;,  was 
purchased  by  Captain  Riddlebejelke,  and  the  A/ary  J'aiiri  was  sold  to  Henry  McAlniond,  Henry  Laiidcsc, 
R.  C,  Hill,  M.  H.  Sachs  and  Charles  M.  liradshaw,  of  Port  Towu.send.  The  schooner  Halcyon,  famous  as  a 
smuggler,  was  also  on  the  list  as  a  N'ictoria  sealer,  commanded  by  Capt.  A.  Metcall',  but  was  only  credited  with 
17  skins  as  a  result  of  the  season's  catch.  She  had  probably  used 
this  as  a  pretense  to  hide  her  real  occupation.  The  l.oltie  /'ahjicld, 
which  was  one  of  the  first  Nova  Scolia  schooners  to  come  to  the 
Pacific  Coast,  was  wrecked  May  6th  two  hundred  miles  off  the 
Magdalen  Islands.  She  was  one  of  the  vessels  .seized  in  1.S.S7,  and  at 
the  time  of  the  disaster  was  sailing  under  the  name  Don  I. ion. 

The  t'nited  Stales  (),)vcrnnieul  continued  to  protect  the  seals 
in  i.s.Sij,  and  early  in  the  season  was  made  the  laughing-stock  of  the  iPV^K  ^^ 

world  l)y  the  action  of  a  few  plucky  Canadian  captains,  who  refused  ^^    f  .? 

Russians  off  Copper  Isliuid  aiitl  coiifiscatcil,  llie  crew  hciiij,'  sent  to  Siberia,  Hy 
llif  interveiilioii  iif  llie  Ilritisli  anitiassailor  at  St.  lVtcrsl>iiri;  lliey  were  afterwHril 
irU'iistil,  anil  reliiriud  to  Victoiia  liy  way  of  |a]pan.  The  inatler  of  tlie  seizure 
w.is  hrouKlil  up  ill  the  Ilritisli  Parliament,  hut  no  action  was  taken.  In  iSSy 
Captain  Siewanl  niaile  a  suecessfnl  eruise  on  the  H'lillii  I.,  h'iili.  On  his  return 
he  Weill  to  Nova  Scotia  ami  |uireliase(l  the  (Kr<i't  lUift',  and  a  year  l.'iter  the 
(U'lifoii,  hiiii^iiiK  the  laller  out  in  in.S  days,  the  laslesl  pas.sa^e  made  by  any  of  the 
lleet  of  sealing  sehotiuers  that  came  round  the  Horn.  In  i.Stji  Captain  Sieward 
U-fl  the  employ  of  Hall,  doepel  ,>t  Co.,  ornani/ed  a  conip.'iny.  and  purchased  ill 
N'ova  Seolia  the  new  schoi)iier  /it>iti  Sii':oiitd,  on  his  return  adding  the  -lA/wi'//^ 
lo  the  company's  i>ossessions.     With  these  two  vessels  he  has  since  been  en^ajjed. 

"Capt.  John  ('■.  Cox  was  born  in  N'ova  Scotia  in  1.S4;,  and  ciinimeuied  his 
inariue  career  when  a  hoy  of  ten.  sailing  out  of  Nova  Scotia  jtorts  on  schooners 
with  his  lather.  He  came  to  the  Northwest  in  iS.Sj  in  cotninand  of  the  bark 
.'/.  &  S.  t\>x,  which  loade<l  lumber  at  \'ancouver  for  C.'illao,  from  which  jiort 
C.iptaiii  Ct>x  toctk  the  bark  ti>  I,(mdoti,  where  lie  sold  her  and  returned  to  Nova 
Scolia,  pnrehasinj^  the  bark  / '("/  ;I/i'///v,  well  known  on  the  I'acilic  Coast.  He  t<iok  the  I'on  Mottki'  Irom  New  York  lo  Shaiif^hai 
ipy  way  of  .\iistralia,  and  then  m.ide  three  voyages  between  Hritish  Columbia  and  the  Orient,  disposiun  of  her  in  December.  i,s,S6, 
III  Captain  Mevers,  wlut  in  turn  sold  her  to  Nicholas  Hichard  of  San  I'raiu'iseo.  Cajitain  Cox  '.hen  went  I^.ist  and  purchased  the 
Mhooner  .S'ii/*/>/;/;,  .it  Halifax  ami  bronnlit  her  round  the  Horn,  this  beiii),'  the  second  seliooner  lo  leave  Halifax  lor  the  Pacific 
l.'oast.  .Soon  after  his  .arrival  he  became  associated  with  \\.  H.  Marvin  ^:  Co.,  and  they  li,ave  steadily  added  to  Iheir  lleet.  They 
•ecured  the  I'riiinif'li  in  iSSS.  the  /;'.  A'.  Marvin  in  l.SSy,  the  ( iiilol/a  (,'.  Tur  in  iSyo.  .and  the  /  ria  and  .  Iniiir  /:'.  I'niiil  in  i,S92. 
llie  I't'ia  formerly  beiii^  the  famous  simi^^ler  lUihyou.  I'or  several  years  past  Captain  Cox  has  spent  consideralile  time  in  London 
lud  Japan  ill  the  interests  of  his  coiiii)aiiy.  For  the  last  three  seasons  tile  Mnivin,  Cox,  I'ainl  and  Wia  have  sealed  in  Japan 
vvaters,  while  the  others  have  been  en^a^ed  on  the  Pacific  Coast  ami  in  Heriiij^  Sea. 

' '  Capt.  Oscar  Scarf  was  born  in  Victoria  in  KS64  and  coiiinieiiced  sealing  in  iS.S;  on  the  I'alli/hidii.  He  has  been  .steailily  ill 
I  he  tjusiness  since,  serving  first  as  a  seal-hunter  and  afterward  taking  comniaiid  of  the  schooner  /•liitt'rprisi',  of  which  he  is  one  of 
tile  principal  owners. 


Caitain   CRANI' 


M  ! 


lit 


\'  i 


434 


luwis  cf  Drylvn's  Marinv  History  of  thv  Pacific  Northwest 


■(■ 


to  be  si.'i/ud.  Tlw  schooniT  /l/iu/:  /linmoihi,  Capt  Owen  'riionuis,"'  went  into  llerinj;  Sea,  July  v'.  '"it  o\^•in^;  In 
l)a<l  weatliei  did  hut  little  sealinj;  unld  tlie  eleveTitli.  On  llie  afternoon  of  that  day  the  Kiiluiid  Rush  was  sinliti(l 
l)eariiiK  clown  n|>on  her.  Ca])tain  Thomas  at  once  %o\.  under  way,  hut,  as  t'.'.e  wind  was  very  li^ht,  was  overhauled 
an  hour  later  and  ordered  to  heave  to.  The  lUark  Diuniond  kept  steadily  on  her  course  mitil  the  kiixli  steaiiiecl 
across  her  hows  anil  cnnipelled  her  to  lay  to.  She  was  then  hoarded  hy  Lieutenant  'I'uttle,  lliree  oflicers  and  li  ii 
men,  Tultle  remarking  as  lie  eaine  over  th  si<le.  "Well  captain,  we  have  caught  you  in  the  act."  TlionKi-. 
refusecl  to  j;ive  up  the  ship's  papers,  an<l  they  were  lakeii  hy  force.  The  men  from  the  h'lisli  then  look  llic 
76  skins  secured  hy  the  schooner  and  placed  John  Hawkins,  a  seaman,  on  hoard  with  instructions  to  take  the 
schooner  to  Sitka  and  deliver  her  to  the  collector  of  customs,  releasing  the  Indians  and  the  crew,  hut  detaining 
the  captain  and   mate.     Captain  'I'liomas  inronurd    I.ieuteii.int  Tuttle  that  he  would  not  take  the  schooner  In 

.'^itka,  received  no  reply,  and  tlie  cutter 
steamed  away.  Thoi'ias  then  headed  fm 
Htialaska.  hopitiH  to  meet  liritish  war  ve.-^.seU 
there,  which  he  intended  to  ask  for  jiroter 
tiou.  Not  finding  them,  he  lell  the  sea 
cruised  for  four  days  looking  for  sea  ottei 
.111(1  then  headed  for  \'ictoria  Ilawkin-. 
offered  110  resistance,  as  some  of  the  crew 
had  informed  him  that  the  Indians  would 
kill  him  if  they  saw  that  he  was  l.ikiii};  tin- 
ves.sel  to  Sitk.i.  The  schooner  Miiniif,  Capl. 
\'ictor  Jackohson,'  was  picked  up  hy  tin 
Rush  a  short  time  after  the  liliuk  />i<iiiii'ii,l 
w.is  captured.  She  hail  1""  seal  .and  several 
sea  otter  skins,  and,  as  soon  as  the  i  iilter  Ull 
her,  .set  sail  for  \'ictoria  despite  llu'  pintcst., 
of  the  jiri/e  crew.  The  Sii/>/>/iii  r  hail  a  iiai 
row  escape  ahout  ten  days  after  the  sei/un 
nf  the  /i'/(«/,'  /h'diiioiid.  .She  had  spoken  llu 
.UdUfi'''  ''/"'  ^'"^'  ''■'^'  licfnle  .iiiil  had  hei.  11 
informed  of  the  ]ireseme  nf  llie  cullers,  and 
when  ihe  mist  lifted  the  next  miiMiing  the 
/li-ar  was  coming  down  011  her  with  a  full 
liead  of  steam  less  than  three  miles  ,iwa\ 
The  steamer  continued  to  gain  for  ne.irly  an  hour,  hut  Captain  Cox  put  on  all  the  c.invas  the  schooner  wouM 
stand  il|)  under,  and  the  slow-moving  />'-■.;;  hegaii  to  drop  .astern  and  was  soon  lost  sight  of  in  the  mist.  Th. 
Siififi/iiir  would  have  lueii  a.i  excellen:  pri/e  for  'lie  revenue  (litter,  as  she  had  over  -'.Swi  skins  lieneath  ll.' 
hatches,   i.'kxj  of  which  were  taken  in  Ktring  ,Ser.  _'i;,^  having  heeii  ohtained  in  a  single  day  in  July. 

The  vessels  seized  in  1.SS7  .ind  iS.S.S  were  sold    in   I'ort  Towiiseiid.     J.  I).  Warren's  steam  schnnner  (,i,ii< 
was  iiiir(  haseil   hy  Corrigan   iV   I.owe  of    I'orl  Towiiseiid    and  her  name  changed  to  /.    I liiiiiiltoii   /.n^'h.     She 
was  afterward  secuied   hy    Xixoii   of  Seattle,  who   in   turn  disposed  of  her  to   Dan   Mcl.ean.      The  ./;////<■  AVv/ 
auotlierof  Wai  leu's  schooncis,  was  hniight  hy  Port  Town.icnd  parlies  and  leiiaiiied  the  /iiiiii^  (i.  Silhii.     ,She  w.is 
also  captured  in  August  and  ordered  to  Sitka,  hut   went  to  I'oil  Townseiid  instead.     The  lhtll<lun   was  piirehascil 
hy  Williair.  Olsen  .and  has  since  sailed   under  the  na     e   l.onisOhni.     Came  iS:   Munsie's  S{:\\iti.-\\\i:x  I'alhfnniii 
Captain  (J'I,ear\',  was  seized   in    .\ugust,  and,  like   the   liliul;  /h'^iiiii'iiJ  and   Miiinir,  hroiight   the  prize  crew  to 
\'icti)ria  and  eiuph.asi/ed  her   contempt    for  American   revenue   lUtters  .and   their  orders  hy  t.aking  on  hoard  },('■ 
skins  from   the    k'nh  ,  mid   .also  capturing  S"   seals,  the  olliccis  of  llie  l\ii\li  having  overlooked  two  guns  whil'- 
searching  her.     The  liuniita.  C.ijitain  Clark,  owned  hy  Ilall.  (loepel  \-  Co  .  was  captuied  JiiK    ',isi   .md  the  /.////, 
formerly  the    ////-./  .  lil.ini-..  was  again  taken.      Dispitc  the   cllorls  of  the  t'nited  St.iti  s  (',(iv(  iiiiiicnt  to  hreak  up 
the  illdiistr\'.  iiiaiiv  .idditioris   were    imnk-   to   the    lleel    in    1    si)       Tlii-    ' '.    //.     /nf^ftti,    1,'aptaiii  Kclh',  ,irrived  .1' 

'•' Cajil.  Owen  'I'llotn.'is  was  linni  ill  W.iles  in  lH-,,(  aliti  riiiiiiliciH-cil  s.nlitiK  on  lllc  Welsh  coasl  in  iHi^xj,  Me  (-jillic  to  San 
l''raiicisc()  in  iHy^  an«l  eiii^ai^cil  in  scalin;^  on  J.  I)  Warren's  slonii  Tih^i  iiloii.  lie  fifletwaril  nia'Ie  a  nniiiher  ofilccpwaU'r  criiiM'^ 
lo  various  parls  of  I  lie  woiM.  aii'l  was  snliser|iifiitl\'  cinploM'l  on  ili,  .  liiiitr  /<'t'i  /.■.  f,'iti>r  .iml  //''.  /'.  S,tY:i'<iiil  Me  .ilso  server]  Tot 
Iwo  seasons  on  tile  l^il litiiitlr y  wwA  tor  a  similar  Icn^jtti  ol  time  on  the  l'\iionl-  Me  was  n  ivin  ol  the  srliooncr  lUaih  PuiHiofvl 
ill  iSStj  '.vlii'ii  slic  W.IS  .-ci/cfl  1,\  the  rcvcnitc  riiltcr  Ut'hiu>f  /\'iish  .iml  or'leri-'l  to  .Si;k;i.  Insleail  of  ^(tiiiv;  to  Sittca,  Capt.iin  Tlioni.t 
iKsiiled  tor  Victoria,  wlierc  In-  .-irrivcd  in  satcty  and  rc|Mir(e(l  tlie  orcnrrcncc  .tt  the  nislotn-liimse.  'I'lic  Hii^h  Inul  pl.-n-eil  a  pri.-' 
crew  ol  line  man  alio.-inl  llie  Hhuk  Dniiiioml  10  see  that  site  went  to  Sitka,  Iml  Iter  crew  ot  native  liiinlcrs  iliieali  iicil  to  kill  liiin  1' 
lie  assciti-il  his  aiillioril  V.  The  .-ilfair  rrcaled  inl(-iis(>  exeitetiieiit  in  tin-  fiiilcl  Stales,  Iml  nothing  scrioiis  citnc  of  it.  Ciiptan 
'riionias  was  alii-rwaiil  mu  the  sili.ionir  A'l/A- ."ml  spent  tliree  scisons  on  lln-  .////;./././,/;//>  .is  inaslcr  ami  male.  In  iSi/|lie»i 
with  C.iplain  .Mcl.i-an  on  the  h\tvotitt\ 

'  (.'apt.  Victor  Jackohson  was  horn  in  I'inl.iml  in  iHf,.'  anil  lias  folloueil  the  iii.iniie  hnsliiess  on  the  Paiilie  Coast  for  fifl  •in 
vcars.  inosi  of  the  lime  in  conm-dion  with  Ihe  scalinj.:  Imsiness.     Mc  has  Iiccn  very  snccessfiil.  m  .irly  alw,'e.s  tii,-ikinv(  ^;o<k!  eatrl  c 
.•ililioiiv;li  he  was  enfortiin.iic  in  hiving  his  srlioc  -k  r  Miiniir  sei/cil  hy  the  I'liiteil  Slates  ( loveriinienl.  entailing;  a  loss  for  wliieli  I  • 
has  ncvei  iircn  nToni])ciisri|.     (  aptain  fai-kolpson  has  .^.lileil  the  Miunii'  tlearl\'  alt  of  tln"  tliiic  since  she  came  into  his  posst'ssion, 
hut  hiis  alsi   1  ecu  coiiiici  led  with  other  ve.ssels  of  llie  lleet. 


SiHor,NI-H 


Iff' 


A  Brif/  History  o/"  the  British  C')lanibia  Snahny  Industry 


435 


)ltl  OWIIIH  tn 
was  sif;lit(  (1 

S  OVL'llliUllcil 

Hs/i  slcailicil 
icfrs  and  li  n 
."  TliDin.i-. 
It'll  took  till 
to  lako  llir 
]Ul  (K'laiiiin.' 

NcllOOIHT    I" 

llu'  cnlli  1 
liuiidcd  III] 
li  war  vcssc'l-i 
k  for  i>ri)Ui 
(.'ft  tlic  sen 
For  sea  (iltn 
a       I  lawk  ill-. 

of     tin-      IM'A 

idiaiis  woidil 
as  taking;  tin- 
Uiiiiiic,  Ca|il 
(1  lip  liv  tin 
'(((/■  /h'liiiifiii 
1  and  sL'ViTal 
tin:  ciittiT  lilt 

L'   tlic    protcsl  , 
//(■  liad  a  nai 
■r   IIk'  sfi/uii 
id  spoken  llu 
iiid    had    l>fi.ii 
fj  I'lllli'l's.  and 
nioininn  lln 
1    witli    a   lull 
niiirs   awa\ 
llonllcl'  wonM 
mist.     Tlv 
licnealli  lli< 

lloolKT  (ililii 

/,■,•,•/«.  Sli. 
Iiiiiic  lied-, 
III/.  She  was 
as  piirehased 
I'lillifniiUi . 
pri/.e  crew  tn 
on  hoard  },<■<> 
)  Kiilis  wllili- 
lid  Ihe  /.////. 
I  to  lireak  up 
1\',  arrived  a' 


i:.      r.lllll-    Id   Sil" 

)i  \\,it(  r  t-niist ' 

ilso  serxi'd  t'" 

'::.uk  Ihiiiiii'iil 

;i|.l.inl  'riliilii  ' 

1  plai  i-il  \\  pn 

'<!  Ill  kill  llllli    ' 

•  if  it.     Cnpt.iH 

111  iHyi  lie  « 

cp.ist     lor    flft-MM 

'k'  K""d  '"atrl  t" 

els',  lor  wliirli  I  ■ 

his  p»isst'S»i'iit. 


er 


Victoria,  May  22(1,  froi.i  Halifax  and  at  once  entered  the  .service.  The  Sen  /.ion  was  laiiiK-hed  at  \ietoria 
for  Capt.  Geort.;e  Collins,  and  the  Miiiiiir  for  Captain  Jackohson.  'J"he  V'ciiliiii\  hnilt  at  Astoria  in  i.H.Sf),  was 
pmvliased  hy  .\ndersoii  lUolhers  of  I'ort  Towiiseiid.  'I'weiity-lwo  British,  one  (".erniaii  and  nine  Ainerican  vessels 
made  their  hea(l(pi,irters  at  Victoria  in  I,SS(;.  Their  catches  were  as  follows:  liritisli  schooners  .///>•/  i,6S5. 
/,////'■  ,^5.(,  llliuk  lliniiioiul  ''.H.|.  I\,ili  i,.|-'(,  I'lillifnidir  (^(/),  .liiiiir  C.  Moon  j.ijo,  Virn  ,^.'i4,v  '/'/ifirsn  1,310, 
(hnnii  1/  Hid,  /'iiii/ofif  2,\H'<.  Sii/'/i/i/i  r  2.111111.  .Unit    Tnvioi  -\~,liiiiiiiln  {i>\,    tl'niii/ini    lys,  A/iiiiii,  -hd,  J-'nroi  lie 

..'.i().j.   Wiiiiiifi cd  22.  Miif^fiif  Mm    2,0*17,   llctihiu-  1,2 /('.  /'  Sny.oiiitl  2.2011,  Siiiin  .So.  Moiiiiliihi  l/iirf   ziu; 

.\mcrican  sdiooners  Mollir  Adams  1,55,;,  W'n/lir  I..  Riili  i,.(ii;,  llmiy  /hiiiiis  7i,S,  l.ollii-  025,  /Irssir  Kullei  ,(;2.s, 
Wiilnrr  },\-,  .-ll/ir  I  Ali^ri  25,^,  /.  Iloiiiillon  /.ricis  2.(2,  Sun  />iii;o  (n)  ;  Cfernian  schooner  .lihir  [,701.  Total, 
;=;..'!  10. 

.Several  additions  were  made  to  the  sealing;  lleet  in  iHi/),  Ihe  liest  of  whidi  were  the  Cuniiolitr  and  (hrnii 
liilli-.  The  former  was  hrout^ht  out  from  Sydney,  Cape  lireton,  by  Ca|it.  Melville  1'".  Cutler,'  and  the  0(i\iii  Itcllc 
lioiii  IIalifa\  by  Captain  OKeary.  Captain  Cutler  encountered  very  had  wealhei  and  was  ofT  Cape  Horn  for 
lift)-  days  without  t;ainiiiK  a  mil(?,  while  the  On-nii  Ihllf  made  a  Ihini;  pa>s.ij;e  ol  122  da)-.  The  Wiillrr  L. 
h'ii/i  was  purcha.seil  by  \'ictoria  ji.irlies  and  placed  under  the  liritisli  llan-  The  lUnih'  ninnunid  became  the 
Kiillinhif,  the  I'lilhfnidii    Ihe    /'ioiirn  ,  the    Mollir    Adonis    tin      ''    I!.    Mniviii,  the    /iiiviilo  the  .1/iisii>//r,  ;ind  the 

)////(//(■  the  I'iiihiiid.  The  Miiy  Toylor,  Captain  I'etit,  tried  :,  new  exiieriinenl  and  sailed  lor  the  ( "..ilapa^os 
Nl.inds  in  the  .Sonlii  Pacific,  re'iiininj^  to  N'ictoria,  after  .i  cruise  of  sever.il  thousand  niil'.s,  with  one  skin,  which 
was  secured  off  Crescent  City  on  the  way  down.  Capt.  Clarence  M.  Cox"  with  the  '/'i iiiiiil>/i  also  experimented  in 
winter  sealing;.  He  Wiis  out  for  two  inonlhs  but  secured  only  .'^,?  skins.  'I'lic  "  l'"lyiii.i;  liutchnian  "  made  a  raid 
on  the  I'ribilof  and  St.  I'.iul  islands  late  in  the  fall,  after  the  revenue  cutters  h.id  left  that  .sedioii,  and  returned 
with  ^'11  skins.  The  \'ictoria  llecl  and  their  catches  for  i.Hi/i  were  as  follows:  iiva  2,71,^,  Miiiiiir  2,5.1'. 
/■iiroi  ilr  2.\\\,  Sii/<f>liiii    2.2\:,  I:.  />'.   Moiviii  2.K14, 

'''".i.'.C"'  ■'/'"  '■').S2.  I'ollil'iiidii  1.0. 55-  ■*""  /•/("/  i.'*<,Sl. 
Hi-iitriu-  i.7.'^|.  I'liiniipli  (  700,  Kiilliiiiiir  1.070, 
lliiiiY  /hiiiiis  i.s"",  ('(•""  /<i/lr  i,.-|2'>.  Alii!  i.yofi, 

liiiiii  ('.  .l/ooii-  i,|2;,  il'ii/irr  /..  A'/i/i  1  ',17,  /V/rnsn 
i.iv|.  /iiiiiiiiii  1.17.S,  /'iiir/o/'i  1. 1 7  I.  I  //.  liif'/'ir 
i.;07,    .l/,n  I      liiyloi-   i/ij.S,    Knli     S.(7,    Ainoio    1/.2, 

//■,    /:     S. /I    ,.(/,/    (,,S2,    Miliy     l-llill     I.OOI..    /////,■    1,22, 

\i:ii    /iin;o    S70.   Adili-  '1,1,   I'liitnrr   s'^'-l.  Oii>if!r  A'. 

II  iii/r  [■<!>,  irmidiii  r  S2.  Afoiuiliiiii  <  liiii  (10,  I.etitia 
■  :,  Miillii  Ihii  ,  (.  Total.  .|  ■  I  ,  skins.  Over 
•i.o.jii  of  these   were  secured    in    lieiiii;;   Se.i 

'I'hc  Miillii   Ihii.  ail  .\ini.ric;in  scIimoihi    Wiiit 

li/ed  at  I'nalaska  early  in  the  season  while  Iv  iiig 
lliere    for   repairs,   but    was    subseipieiitly   released. 

The  .lAn  I  /-'.Hi  >i  was  lost  Jul>  2  id  on  Sand  I'oint 
Keef  be'iie  ciiti  1111^  lleiinj!  .Si.i.  .did  the  wreck  was 

old  Id-  $1S'>.  the  purchaser  r.iisiiij;  and  selling  her 
at  a  bij;  advance  to  Jacobseii  of  \ictoiia.  The 
/'(////     li  I  was  captiireil  for  the  secoinl  lime  in  \-^i<\ 

vhile  lyiliK  in  Neali  May,  b\  the  (01:,  in  on  the  old 
'  harne  of  rHiiiiiii)^  away  with  the  prize  crew  in  iSH,s. 
She  w:is  fiiMlly  fflcased  on  orders  fioiii  W'ashiunton. 

The  schooners  Miliid  S.  and  Moiid  M.  started  for 
I  lie  Pacific  Coast  from  New  Ihnnswiik  late  in  tbi 
fill.  The  latter  was  dismautied  and  .ibandoned  to 
Ihe  uiiderwrr<<  rs  in  the  .Sir.iits  of  Maj^e'daii.  .She 
was  owned  bv  '  i    I,    Wilson  .iiid  Ceor^e  Cassid\  ot   \'aiicouvei.     The  besi   orord   made   b>  .iiu-  ol   Ihc  .Xnuiicnti 

SI  hooners  ill    1  ^<y"  was  that  of  tie  Allir  I     ^V"    which   reported  .it  .SeatlK    111  ( Ictober  Willi   2,1 skills.      In 

N'oveniber  hei  ow'i' ; .  J  C  Mxoii.  |inrclias(d  Ihe  /A  // 1  /hniii^  from  Josliii:i  lirowii  Capt.  Dan  .Mcl.eau,  who 
1,1(1  liced  saibnn  under  Ihe  liritisli  ll:i>;  lor  seveial  years,  iiad  (.■liiiiHc  of  the  .American  scliooiu  1   /  I  liiiiiiltoii  /.,  :,/\ 

III  iSijo.      He  was  pursued  by  llu    Russian  umiboat     l/i\<uii/ii.  which  demanded  his  papers,  but  when  he  hoisled 

"I'.ipt     Mflulle  I'.  Cllllil  Wils  hciMl  HI   Ni.\,i  Si  iill.i  111   iSli)  aiiil  ,\'.  llic  a^e  "I    --i  u-lltn  li  i  nmnii  llii'l  s.iiliii;;  mil  iil   llallliix  nil 

iv  Ur'ti^  /oMfi/ii  III-       Ml   I  iiiiliiuif'l  nil  llu     Allalltli'   I'nasl    iiillll    iSijii,  wliill    lie    lallii-    iniiiiil    llu-    lliiiii    in  coniliMlul  iil  llu-  •-i-allllx; 

liDiiiii  r  (  III  moll  I.  ,  Willi  Hliirh  III-  iii;;a^;i  .1  in  sialiii^  liir  one  si'Msiiii  a:ii|  lliiti  itliiniril  In  I  [all  I. is  .mil  Innk  illari;«- nf  I  lie  hiliilsiiiiii- 

hriMtuT  Agiii-'.  Ml  floiiiilil.  IHII-  111  llii'  liiii  si  .isM-ls  ill  the  X'icliiria  lliel       He  Imiiiij;1iI  llu-  ,IA  h.iiolJ.  ni   ivlm  li  lir  is  pail  inmei.  In 

'.iilniia  ill  iHi,..,  anil  Willi  lu-r  w  is  ainniif,'  tlii-  lirsi  in  i;n  in  (In  Japan  inasl  in  se.m-li  nf  seal-,  in  ikiii^;  sunn-  ii-ni  nVaiilv  last  piissii^es 

I '  Iw'ceii  \'lrtnii.i  anil  N'liknliaiiia,  ahd  invatialih'  hriiiein^  liniiic  a  l.ir^e  ealcli. 

"'C'apl    (.'larenri-  M.Cn\   was  linrn  ill   Nnva  .Si-nli.i  in   iSd^  anil  i-ninim-incil  ^ealliin  niii   nl    Viv-lnri.i   si.v   M-ars  ii^'n  nii   llu- 
linnni-r  Mollir  .  Iditiii\,  now  ttir  A'.  II.  Af.iri  in      lie  lias  ri'i-fiillv  lici-n  in  iliar;;e  nl  tin-  silinniiii    /'niiiii/ili.  willi  wliirli,  in  iSi,|,  hi- 
I  lailr  llir  lai'>;i -.1  i-.ili  li  nii  ri  rniil,  l.il"  iij;  l.s'i"  seals  .mil  n  inaii'iiii;  in  \'ii-lipri.i  iliiriiu;  llir  inniilli  nl   liiiie. 


s  Him-n.H    ■  I'liiNia.K  ' 


UN  TrHl'l-l    -   M.Ain 


m 


t,^^' 


Ihc 


n    II: 


I rwls  (f  /)ry(li<n's  Mnrinr  lliatory  of  tlir   I'ncilic  Nnrthwi'st 


m   ;mil   rcl'iisicl   to  (U'livi-r  llu'iii   Uv  \SMS  allowfil    lo  lU  |i;irt.      This  wiis  llif  fust  itisliiiicc 


III  iIk 


liislory  of  till-  lU-iiiin  Si-:i  tKnihU-  in  wliiili  llial  \]:\y,  \v:is  of  jiiiy  Ueiiulil  lo  lli'ise  sailinj^  niiikT  it. 

TIk'  Ik-rin^  Si"i  (lilliciilly  nssiiiiicd  a  more  iienci'ful  iispc'ct  in  i.Siji.  Tlic  holil  sliiiwl  tiikt'ii  l>y  tlii' Ciina(li:iiis 
ill  refitsiuK  t"  ijuiflly  sulnnil  to  caiitiuf  and  confisiMtion  bad  its  cfTect,  anil  tliis  year  tin-  inallii  olsci/iiics  as  ui  II 
as  tilt.'  protwlion  of  the  si-als  wa-^  siiliiiiiltcd  to  ailiiliatioii,  in'iidinj;  lln'  resiill  of  which  an  aj^n cniint  lor  a  ///i'i/»> 
:i:rnt/i  was  made,  as  follows 

•  All  agreement  liitwiin  tin   ( ".ovi-riiiinnl  ol   the  I'liileil  States  and  the  ("loveiiiineiil  of  I  In  Itritannie  Majesty  lor 
in  relation    to  tin    liir  seal    fisheries  in   Herinv;  Sea   for   the  purpose  of  avoidiii)4  irrilaliiij^ 
itii   a  view  lo  promote  tile  liieiidl>  settleinenl  of  the  (|liesli()ns  peiidiiij;  lielweeii  the  luo 

)f  the  seal  species,  llu- 


l(/ll  N 


11  If 


cellces,  anil    w 


lovevniiieiits  loueliiiiK  their  respective  rights  in  j'eriiin  Sea,  anil  lor  the  preservation 


following  agreement  is  made  without  iireindice  to  the  riHhts  or  claims  of  cither  parl> 


Iler  .Majesty's  (loveniiiieiit  will  ]iroliiliit.  until   M: 


\'   next,  SCI 


I   kil 


ill   that   pait  of   Iti 


liliK  Sea 


tliU 


eastwari 


the  line  of  dciii.iieation  described   in  .\rticlc  No    i   of  the 'I'leatv  of  i  ,sf>7  bel^icn   the  I 


llilcil 


States  anil 


kiis 


will    promptly  use  its   best   elTorls   lo  insure  llic  observance  of   this  proliibition  bv  Urili-4i 


subjects  and  \essels. 


The  t'liited   ,Slates  (lo\eriimeiit  will   |iioliibit   seal    killinn    foi    the  saim-  period    in   the   same 


pari   I.I 


Hcrilit;   ,Se.i, 


the  shoies-of  the  island.s  thereof,  the  pro)ieity  of  the  I'nited   .Slates,  in  excess 


ol   the  7, 


be  taken  on  the  islands  for  the  subsistence  and  care  of  the  natives,  and  will  |)ioinptly  use  its  best  efforts  tc 
the  observance  of  tliis  prohibition  by  fiiited   States  vessels. 


!• 


i-essel  or  person  on'eiidiiiK  .l^;aillst  this  |)roliiI>ili 


the  said  waters  of  Uelinn  Sea.  outside  of 


the  oidinarv  territorial  limits  of  the  I'liited  Slates,  ni.'iy  be  seized  and  detained  by  the  naval  or  other  ilulv 
cominissioned  ollicers  of  either  ol  the  liinh  contracliii);  parlies  ;  but  lliey  shall  be  handed  over  as  soon  .is 
ible  to  the  authorities  of  the  nation  to  wdiicli  lhe\-  respectively  belong,  who  shall  alone  have  jurisdiction  ic 


piaclic 

try  the  olfciise  and  impose  the 

shall  also  be  sent  with  tlieiii. 


.nalties  for  the  saiiii 


1- 
presentation 


In  order  to  facilitate  such 


pIo|)er  llli|llllU-s 


.f  tl 


e  case  o 


f  thai  r. 


>vel  Mllli  11 


t    bef. 


til. 


The  witnesses  and  laools  necessary  to  establish  tin   oIlniM 

as  Iler  .Majesty  iiia\'  desire   lo  make,  with    a  view  to  lli. 
■   arbitrators,  and    in  exlieclation    that    an  aureeiiieiil    Ini 
arbitration    iiiav   be    arrived  at.  il   is 


an  reel 
lialed 


that    siiit.iblc    pe 


rsolis   ilesi^ 


ly  ( ircat    Mrilaiii   will   be  \h 
lii  ,iti 


tuitted  at  any  lime,  upon  applii  ,itiiiii 
lo  visit  Ol  to  remain  upon  the  St  a! 
islands    during;    the   present   sealing; 


.season  lor  Ibal  purpose." 

'I'liis  aureeiiienl  was  si>;iied  in 
Washington,  June  is,  >^^)1,  by  \\  il 
liam  Ic  Wharton,  actiiin  Seciel.iu 
of  State  fi  r  the  I'liited  States,  and 
Sir  Julian  I'aiiin  elolc.  I  Icr  Uril.iiiiM' 
.Majesty  s  h'.iivov  Ivxlraordinary  .iiiil 
Minister  I'leiiipoteiitiary,  with  lln- 
express  understandini;  tll.it  the  tun 
CoMriiiiu  uts  should  iiniiiediali  Iv 
unite  111  the  appoiutiuciit  of  a  joint 
commission  to  ascertain  what  perina 
iieiit  meiisures  were  necessary  lor  llic 
preservation  of  the  fur  seals  in  llie 


North    Pacific 


the    I'll  si 


lent' 


The    revenue 

:'hl 


iitle.   (  ii/'.-.v 
d 


'1.  C; 


iplaiii    lloijpei     w. 


proclaiii.ilioii    lej^ardiii};    the    iiituim    :/.ii/i: 


ili'Hil   lo  the  I'libilol    Islands  with  copii" 
//.   for   dislribiilioii   to   the    iiilciesied 
1- 


pailK 


III. 


1  oinin.iuders  of  the  rcvriiiic  licet.      The  mill  of  war   Tliilis.     \liil  and  .Mrhiaiii    wiic    iNi,   oidcied    to   the  siaiiii).; 
^iroiiiids  to  prevent   blither  cilchiiiK  of  seals  during   the  season       Thefiisl  sci/un    uiidci  llu-  new  aiiaii^;cnn  ill 


as  that  of  the 


I:     II.   Mo 


Captain  McI)onnall,  wlin  h  was  lake 


II  bv  the 


/\itli(iiil  l\iish   and    luilied   nvei    In 


II    .M.  S.  Xviiif'li,- 
cutters,  iimoiin  them 


iliieh  ordered   her  to  \ictori.M.      Seviial  otiier  sehoonei  ,  were  sent  out  of  Hiiinn  .Sea  bv  llie 
the   U'ti/Zir  /..    /\/i/i,  M,tiy   llhii,  (ho/l;'-  A'     tl'/ii/i\  /liti/r/n,  (■u iiiolitc.  (  .  />.  Miyis    nnl 


( 'il\  I'l  Siiii 


/)/, 


The  latter. 


111  cominaiii 


if  Capt 


I  <e()r>{e 


W< 


:lit  over  lo  Copjii  r  Island,  iieai  wlc  li 


Irail 


"Capl.  C, 


..ri;.-  v.- 


lllK  ve' 


■il   l.v  lli^i  rallKT.      Ill- 


SS'ia 


ml  i 


.MiiMi-ln  ri 


I    h! 


.Itrl-I    nil    Illci-Dilsl    l)i   Ins  naluc  1  lillMI  I 


ru-iWiiril  ciiiptovcil  on  itcf 


wlii'ii  lie  .1 


,ir;ivi-il  in  Sun  loaiirls 


l!SS;,  hIii'II  he  sliip] 


■.I  li 


I  lli.il 


p.iii 


111   llie  stii)i 


•/'/» 


'.'/.iM/M. 


M 


III! 


/    ////, 


1'  next  srrvi- 

villi  11   ' 


p  vMiler  vessi'ts  in  \,n|iji 


.1  i>n  1 


lahltn^ 


rill 


/(■il  lo  lln-  irvi'iiii 


i-rew  lii-lnj.;  Ii-ll  .11  Silka  In  sliiH  loi  llll•lnM•lv^-^ 
(V\r//  iiiiil  .'/./;  r  /'.//.-//.  In  IS. yd  hr  s.iiU-i!  nut 
Irnlll  tile  saini*  purl  as  lllasli-r  ol  III.-  S,iri  Dit 
.I//II-  I.  Ahn  nut  of  .Seallli- 


iif  III)-  wnilil  until 
..III   111  tin  ¥„,s  tilv 
mill  h'lJiilfil  l\'ii\h   .III 


il 


.nl>si-.|tit-ntl\  in.io   ..n  lln   (  if\  (*/  Sint  /^/'-i,..'.  L;niiij,^  t'iniii  lier  (n  (hi*  / 


as  in. lie  .mil   huiiU-i   -.n  lln-/   llamilhni  I, 


III 


In  iSiyj  In 


li.i.l  .'In 


.1    III. 


Ml. I    ill    1^.(1  ami    iSi^l  •.iiili-l     III 


A  Biirf  History  of  thf  Hrilis/i  (Uiliinibi:)  Si::i/iny  Inihistry 


M 


sliincc  ill  Ihi- 

111-  C:iiiiiili:iiis 
i/iircs  iis  will 
it  lor  ;i  iiii',i.'i' 

f  M;ijrNl\  I'll 
inn  iriil:iliiiK 
,vi-i-ii  till-'  lud 
il  s|iotii-.s,  I  lu- 
ll liriiliK  Sea 
■11  till-  I  iiitcd 
inn  l)y  liritisli 

saiiK"  li;iii   111 
.1   tlif  7,5""  1" 

irrilt."!  to  illMlli 
■ic'l     lllltslili-  111 

or  oilur  ilul\ 
cr  :ts  soon  .- 
iiiris<li('li(>ii  til 
i^li  till-  olTtllsr 

A    view    to    till 

MHri'1'iiK'iil  till 
irivcd  at,  it  is 

|1(.TN01IS     lIcMH 

in   will  111-  I'l  1 
on  aiililiialmii 
upon   tin-  Seal 
)rc'srnt   staliiiv; 

iC . " 

I  was  siniR-il  III 

I. Si; I,  liv  U'll 

tiiin   Sern-tan 

1    Stall's,  and 

I  In   Kritainiii 
loiilinary  ami 

iry,  willi  llii' 
that  till'  tu'i 
iiniiK'iliatt'h' 
lit   of  a   jiiiiil 

II  wlial  inTliia- 

rcssaiy  lor  llii- 

r  seals  ill  llie 

with  I'opii--  111 

11  tics  ami   till 
tlir  sialiii^; 
w  airaiiKi'im  "' 

UllRil  iiVll  1" 
111^  Sea  li\  ilii' 
/'.  Mnns  Mill 
I.  near  wli  ■  li 


iialm- I  iiiiiiii     II" 
^imIiI  iiiiIII 
li.   f„,\  I'lU  : '^iil 

lur  I..  Illr  /     ■"■ 
.mil  a  sf'iii   ■  '  *■' 

.1    iSiy.)    Mlillil      I"' 


tl 


tl 


the  Mcl.i'an  Itrollurs  met  with  iiiisloitiine.  Capl  Dan  Mil,eaii  iiiaile  a  raid  on  the  isl.iiid,  and  was  surprised 
liy  a  party  of  Knssiaiis,  wlio  opened  (ire,  wounding  Mel.e.'iM.  The  new  with  liiin  were  iinhiiit  and  look  to 
the  hoal.s,  reaching;  the  seliooner  in  safety  with  the  exception  of  one  man,  'raliiol,  who  was  so  friglitcned 
tliat  he  fell  overhoard  ami  <lrowned.  Sail  was  iii.ide  and  the  seliooner  k"'  away  from  the  danneroiis  locality 
as  rajiidly  as  possilile.  Capt.  Alex  Mel.ean  w.is  in  the  same  vicinity  with  the  /.  Iliuiiilloii  /.<iris  and  was 
lAcrlianled  hy  the  Kiissian  man  of  war  Aleiil,  which  ordered  the  l.<ui\  to  heave  to  ;  Inil  Mcl.ean  shouted  hack 
that  he  would  do  iiotliiiit;  of  the  kind,  that  he  was  in  neutral  water,  and  neither  the  Russians  nor  any  one  else 
had  any  ri^ht  to  interfere  with  him.  The  man  of-war  then  swniin  off  lor  a  short  distance  and  fired  several  shots, 
iiitendinj;  to  frighten  the  sealer.  Mcl.ean  was  a  strant;ei  to  fear  and  paid  no  attention  to  the  homhardment,  so 
alter  another  volley  the  .\lnil  steamed  ilown  across  the  how  of  the  /.( .ivs,  carrying  away  her  lorcri^inin^,  and,  as 
she  swiiiiH  alongside,  a  party  hoarded  the  l.i;ci\  and  took  possession.  The  Aiiiiiicans  were  then  transferred  to 
the  inan-of  war,  which  lowed  the  schooner  into  the  port  of  I'etiopaulovski.  There  the  vessel  was  refitted,  and 
with  a  crew  of  nine  Kussiaiis  and  six  Anier 
icaus  sailed  for  \la<livostock,  to  which  place 
Ihe  Aliul  accompanied  her  ai  1  delivered  the 
list  of  the  .'\iiiericaus  to  the  anlhoiities  llieie. 
Tile  crew  of  the  I.iifis  were  confined  most  of 
llie  time,  althonnh  they  were  allowed  the 
lieedoni  of  the  town,  haviiij;  to  re|>ort  ,it  the 
|iii.son  not  later  tluin  ei^ht  o'clock  in  the  eve- 
luiin.  In  January,  iSyj,  they  were  released 
and   sent    to  Corea,    where   they    were   trans- 

■ired  to  another  Russian  vessel,  which  look 
lliem  to  Nagasaki.  The  American  consul  at 
ihat  place  scut  them  to  N'okohama,  and   from 

acre  thc\-  went  to  San  iMancisco. 

\rrivats  from  the  I'laslern  coast  in  iSi/i 
,;.>  ,"  i  the  lii/iirii,  wlii<'h  was  lirounht  lioiii 
llalilax  liy  Capt.  il  I''  Sicwaid  in  tlu'  remark 
iMe  lime  of  loS  days,  the  liest  nciird  m.ide  liy 
.iiiv  of  the  schooners  ;  the  Miiiii/  S.,  (.'aplain 
McKiel,  which  reached  Victoria,  .April  ,Htli, 
I  1"  day 


s  from  llalilax  ,   ihe  /  'inhiiini,  wllii'h  made  the  iiiii   Iruiii   S\diiev,  Cape  I'.ielou,  in  chaij^e  of  C 


ipt.  Cliaii 


(.'.implicll  in  I  (o  days;  and  the  <)llo,  Captain   Mcl.cod,  which  accomplished  the  sam 


c  voyage  in   i ;; 


While 


p.issane  as  the  others,  the  (l/lo  made  some  .splendid  iiins,  coviiin^;  in  four  days  j.i 


lid  .'i;  miles  lespecti 


ji.S  a 

iltirward   released 


SI 


ic  was  sei/ci 


iliout  tl 


-aiiic  tiiiK' as  till-   /■..  //.  A/iii.iii,  lull    lin.h  vt 


The  .//. 


/•..  /'dill/,  Capt.iiii    llisset.  arrived   at    Victoria    IVoiu 


llalifa 


the 


iiiucIk-i 


at  the  former  city  hVliiuary  .•sth  fi.i  Capt.  .\.  l)oU);lassiV  Co..  and  the  Hoi rulh,  Capta 


.l/,n 
1  Ml 


-sels  Wele 

/:,//,■   was 

ici,   .\Iaich 


i<)th       The  h'osii-  O/.Mii  was  purchased  in  jaiiii.iry  hy  Captain  Cox.      The  lailure  of  the    t'nited   States  to   protect 


iti/.ens  sailiiij;  under  her  lla^;  had  driven  many  line  vessels  iiiidci  the  Uiitish  colors,  anioiin  the 


st  known  heiiiy; 


llie  Oir.iiud,  Jtmiiitii,  .llfiid  .li/iiiiis.  Maiy  I'ltyloi .  A/.ny  l-.lhii.  .U,<llit'  .h/iiiii.s.  \\',il/,i  I  Kiili,  (  h,,ii-  miil  / /n/lir, 
A'.ii/V  ()/\iii,  (i/v  ii/  \iiii  /hi^ii.  Si'/riii  /Ar/a/r  and  /.,iiii,i.  The  .\iiiei  icaii  scalci  .\/-ii  (,ii//,  C'.ipt.  l''iaiiU  White, 
uas  wrecked  May  iiith  on  Cape  St.  j, lines,  .\laska.  The  /innu/ii,  L'.ipt.  I'jiiest  l.oicii/,  '  was  the  vicliin  ul  a 
|iow<ler  explosion,  which  forced  her  to  retuili  to  poit  with  several  ol  her  crew  iiiiuied.  The  total  catch  of  the 
\ictoiia   lleel   lor    iSoi  was  .so,.i.i><  ''kins,  of  which  .•H.7fiS  were  secured  in  lUiiiij.;  Sea.      Several  of  the  schooners 


iilitainetl    over 


skins,   anioiin   them  the   ('iii/,>l/ii   (i.    ( '<m  ,   Captain    liyeis  ;    (.\ii  iih>til,\  Ciitl 


W.ill, 


.1 


luirlr,  M.ineiisen  ;   .liiiiii-  (  .  .I/.i. 


Charles  llackett 


/.■, 


i/i.y   \U 


>er 


/•/, 


Wiutworth    !•;.   Maker 


,d  /■; 


I'/ /A 


l.aimhlin   Mcl.ean. 


Tl 


le  sk'aiii   schiiiiMci     I liislli'  was   also  ninaned  in  sealing   this   veai 


Inn 


was  not  \x-\s  siucesslul 


rill'  schooner  .\ilili\  Capt.iin  Hansen,  was  wrecked  April  Sth  on  (Jiueii  Cliarlotti's 


I  land.     She  drained  her  aiichoi    during;  a  heavy  K"l''  ■""'  ^^''^  pounded  to  pieies  soon  alter  striking;  the 


Whil 


e  a  niinihei 


■ach. 
ves  wi're  sacrificed  e.ich  yiai  in  the  sealers'  daii>;erous  calling;,  it  was  not  until    iMi, 


that  any  of  the  lleel  weie  wri-iked.      ICa'l\    iii  that  season  the   .Waxi;"' 


.1/. 


/(    met  with  a  late  which   leinaine 


■  e  apl.  I'.uirsl  1,1 
NitrlhwesI  nil  llir  liaik 
/•■iill/il.      lie  liiis  iv 


..IS  linlii  Ml  ( '.riin.ttn  II)   l.S'n  ;iinl  rniiiiiiinifil  t'.nlll.i;  In  mm  will' 1 1  Itllrni  \  i-ais  nl  a^e. 


Ill' 


llllv   III 


«/  i/lf 


.S,',n, 


mil, 


-I'll  sailing  IIS  niastt-r 


ill   II 


alter  rt'iii.iiiiiii^  nii  s 


llnll' 


le  st'aliiiK  si-linniu-i    /'/.'iif 


Naiia'.iiiii 
Willi  whii-li  he  lias  lieelt  ve 


-at,  ioilll-il    llie   si-alill^    si-llnnlli 


I'V  slli-i-i-ss 


fill. 


'Capl.  t'll.illi-s  llarkell  «a-.  Inn  II  ill   Nnv.l  Srnli.l.  ailil,  like  lilt-  Iliainlll  \  111  llll-  Mill  II  n  llli-ll  ill  Ulal   lnralil\  ,  riilllllli-|li-ci|  K'lllll- 
illllil        1  le  si-l  veil  llll  llll-  .\ll.nitir  I'nasl  ill  valliill-i  I'.lliai-itii-s  lllllll    iSSi;,  \\  Inn  lit-  i-:iillr  in  \'lrliil  l;i  .iinl 


\lll 


lllllt- 


lliaii 


"K-im-ii  ill  llll- 


lt' was   Ini  Mi-\i-r.-il    \i-:iis   llliisli-i  nl    llie  si-linniu-|   .  hiiili'  (  '.    l/iM/r  allil   lias  jtlsii  i  nliitil.itl'li-il    Illr 


/  //'/iir-.  III  wliii-ti  lie  uwiiH  all  iiiU'it-hl,  liiitli  st-liiiniiers  prnvini.;  ver\  sui-i-i>ss['iil  in  llii-ii  n|ii 


H'apt.  W'eiilwnrlli  Iv  linker  nf  Viilnria,  II.  I'. 


<  linrii  ill  Vaiiiiniilli,  Ml'.,  ill 


111  iSSd  im  till'  /■/;-(!    with  wliiili  In 


III  linin  llalil'av,  ami  w,-is  ntu 


ill 


Ihi 


liille  she 

111  iSHi;,  vslii'ii  he  si-riitril    s.'iM  skins,  iiiiil  wall  une  i'\i-i-]iliini  t-vi-i\    \i-ai  s 


lllnll-.. 

Ill-  l-nlllnil'lll'iil  < 
//.   /'k,1/1(-/  ,  Ih-iiik 


nil! 


mil  111  \'ii'liiiia 


ill  III 


.  ilriMii  .ishnii-  ami  Insl.     v.  ,-|il.iin  ll.ikii  li.i-^  iiiaili-  -iiiliir  vi  i  \   lii-a\  \  rali-ln-s  iliit  iiiv;  his  -.ealiti^  r.iii  i  i .  lln-  hl^li(--.l  luiiu; 


inn-  llli-ll   lne>  si-riiieil  ovel   .".i 


III  nl    llie  SI  llnnllfl    /'/ 


lie  li.is  t-ei-i-iill\  liail 


Ml-  has  iii'ver  liail  a  lin.il  mil  hm-i  iiielit  ni  In-.i    i  iinni 


43« 


Lnwin  <f  Drydcn's  Mnrini;  History  oF  the  hicHlc  NnrtliWDnt 


III 


ill 


III 


inystt-ry  for  over  M  year.  'Plio  pMrticiil.irs  of  lu-r  ciuliiij;  will  never  be  known,  as  nn  trace  was  ever  fonnd  of  aiu 
<>l  llie  twenty  lliree  men  on  hoaril.  She  saileil  iVoin  X'icloria  in  Jannary  in  charge  ol  jolin  Dodd,  laptaiii  ;  l< 
Jennings,  male;  Charles  I'arsoiis,  Alfred  I'arsons,  John  M<Kiel,  James  l,ennie,  llunh  (iiMis  and  Daniel  lluiii, 
hnnters  ;  John  Dunn,  John  Carol,  Arlhnr  l''inmore,  (iemne  I'arsons,  Donald  McDonald,  James  Doij;,  I'ch  \ 
AI)l)olt,  John  C.  Kane,  ("leor^je  K(ll\',  James  Thompson,  Alexander  M.ixwell,  D.niiel  Mcllnnh,  W.  Johns,  seiinicn 
,ind  l)o,it|inlk-rs  ;  D.iniel  I'.  J.icohs,  cook  ;  and  J.  Dodil.  a^ed  thirteen,  son  of  the  captain.  The  crew  weie  .ill 
yonn^;  men,  averaj^in^;  alionl  twenty  fonr  years  of  a^e.  The  l.isl  letter  frinn  the  schooner  was  receive<l  in  \'icloii:i, 
.March  i.S,  isv-,  hy  U-  1*.  Uilhet  iV  Co.  Irom  Captain  Dodd.  dated  at  Clayoipiot.  Nothing  firrtlier  w.as  liearil  ol 
the  .Uiii.'x"'  '/"'  until  I'dirnarv,  I'^oV  when  the  sealing;  Nchooner  /'/("/^v ;  railed  at  (Jnatsino  .Sonnd  and  foiinrl 
that  two  storekeepers  had  rei-overcd  lr.inments  ol  the  ill  lat<'d  vessel  in  a  small  cove  sonlli  of  Cape  ,Si(itl.  I'roiii 
the  location  ol  the  wreckage,  which  inclnded  <ine  side  of  the  schooner  and  consideralile  of  her  ^ear,  it  is  Ihoiijdit 
thai  sill-  was  canj'.ht  in  .a  violent  storm  amon^  the  k'"'I|'  of  small  islands  hetween  CapeSccjlt  and  'l'riaii^;le  Isl.nid, 
and  that,  owin^  to  the  ronKhness  of  the  co.ist  .it  this  point,  the  men  (onld  not  escape.  'I'hc  accom]ianyiii;; 
ilhistr.ation  is  of  the  crew  of  1.S91,  which,  with  few  exceptions,  rem.iineil  with  the  schooner  on  hir  fat.al  trip. 

Nearly  ,1  dozen  line  sihooncrs  wcic  added  '.o  the  \icloii.i  sc.aliiij;  Heel  in  I.Hc,^',  One  ol  the  (Inest  w.is  Ihc 
,lt;iir\  .1/1  /I11//11/1/,  hron^lit  onl  li\-  Captain  Cntlei,  who  had  come  aronnd  in  the  (iniiii'li/t  two  yeais  hcloic.  The 
Ml Ihiiiiilil  w.is  Imilt  like  a  yachi    and   spread    i,Srj.i  y,ards  of  c.inv.as.      She   made   the   pass,i);c  ont   in  i^'ida\s, 

lull  demonsti.iled  1"  1 
•T»i^-  '--•    ;        '■j_i's^\  immense  speed  a  yen 

*-*'~^i    •',  f    A^  later   on    .a    voyajn-  lo 

k*.J*  Japan,   1  o  ^.,  j;  i  n  (.;     .;.,7 

miles  ill  a  ,sinv,li'  d.iv. 
The  .liiil,  Ca]il,  Joliii 
.Mcl.eod,  '  and  .  ////.'. 
Captain    Martin,  1  aiii^ 
aionnd    Irom    Ilalilax 
t  III'  lalti-r  inak  ill}',  llic 
I  nil  in  I  .'.s  cla\  s,  w  lnlc 
t  h  c    Ihnii/ii,    (.'apt.aiii 
Cole,   arrived    in    1  |'. 
il  .a  \'  s    I  I  0111    Svdii'  V, 
t'apc    I!  I  c  Inn.     Cap 
tain    W'hilclcy     s:iil.  r| 
till-    Miiiiiii/il    aioiiml 
ill     IP)    da\  s.    w  li  1 1  c 
the    //////-     ,IA  ("„.,/,„/ 
Captiiiil    I  )alcy.   I  1  oia 
Svdncv,  and  Ihc  I/'  /' 
//.'//,  Captain    I'liou,' 
Irom  St .  John's,  w  p 
.iImhiI  Ii\c   iiionths  1)11 
the  ti  ip,  liolh  an  \:  wty 
in    .Mav.      'I'hc   /(''MA'; ,  .another    .\'ov,i   ,Scoli.i   schoonci ,  was   wicckeil    at    Montcvidiu  while     1 11  r,<iili'  to\'ii|i.:: 
The  (  ,i\,o,  .a  small  clippci  constructed  f(j|  a  pi  i\-ali-   vacht,  re.ii  lied  \h  loii.i   in  .\pi .!.  ,1111 1    Ihc   schoniieis  \'iil,ii,<i 
Siiilii-  '/'iii/>i/  .and   l:iilii I'liM-  were   lanncheil   Ihcie,  all   laitcriin;   the  service  Ih.'i   \e,ii.     W.  D.  M(  Donj^.il!     u  1 
niastir  of  Ihe    /iii/n/.      Sixtyfive  vtssels  sailed  onl  of  \iitori.i  for  the  scaling  ^'.rounds  in   i.S.jj,  and    Ihc   lesiili      1 
their  season's  work  was  far  himi  satisfactory.     The  si  hoom  is  /..nini  and  l.ollir  were  soon  wrecked,  and  the  ('  •■' 
(///(/  I liillii   lost  .1  i;ooil  ]iail  of  the  season  li\   a  lei  rihle  .accidelil  oil   the  ( )ic;.M)n  1  oast.      Captain  ( i.iiilt,  her  lii.i ,('  1 
I ''lei  I  W'ldinv.liaiii,  John  McDonald  and  dns  l.onie.  Iiuntiis,  and  Ivlw.iid  l,oi  kc,  lio.ilpiillci ,  were  di  owned   in   1!  ■ 
surf  at  N'aipiina  while   scaichiii};    fm    ,1   diseilii,  ,niil    Ihc   si  lioonii    was  afterward   sci/.  i|,  .-is  wcic   ncmh'  .1   il"/   :i 
others.      To  Clown  all    llie    iipph   sli  :imci   ('k.jkiIIhiii  w.issci/ei|  with  .ahoiil  S7  s,' n  10  woi  ill  ol  skins  on  lioaid. 

The  in,h/ii\   rr.i  iidi  W.IS  contiiined   in  i.Si,j,  hnl  was  not  aiinonnced   until    after  maiiv  ol    the  vessels  lid 

dip,irli  i\       The  Meet  Inrnished  eniployiiienl  to  i,=,.>  whites  ,ind  500  Indians,  and  the  total  'iiiinlici  ol  ski  is  sei I 

was  .(,S,,lHv      The   II. line,  01   llic   msscIs  .nid    then    e.ali  lies  win    .is   lollows  :    .liiiiii    I:    I'liim   i.oiv,  Aiiiohn  ;, 
^llirniii  T,-H.   .liliiii    (  .   .]/i)i>i ,   iy,ii,   .liirl\,>i,'s.   .tiiilr\   I, IS'',  ■\riil  .'.     /,!,''/(.    .!/. /',.c '/,/.,'.  | ,   /l,'itii/i\   -,07,  /.'/.     '' 

'liipl  li'llll  .\li  l.eii'l  p.  "Ill-  1,1  III'  I"  I  known  III  Mil-  Nov.i  Sculnill  1  u\it\\\  ol  mmIi-I'  now  ni.lklllj;  \  n  li.ll.i  lls  l|r;i.|i|ll.e:  . 
Ill'   lili)ll);lil    till-     ilioi.iHi   .//'./  ;ii"iilji!    Iioin  ilalil.iv    III   |S'(.'   Ill    |,!.S  ilays.  one   ol    lllr   lifsl    pas>,'i);rs  lllaili'   liyllle    llirjji-    lli'i'l    Oi'l 

ilonlili'l   llii-  III. HI.     II:    lias  I'll  n  vn-.  snrnsslnl  in  lln-  liiisiiiiss  iiinl  at  liillirriil    linns  lias  coiiiiiniii'lcil  siviial   oilier  srlii" 

hesiili-  llu'  spi  eii\    ,  /;  II .' 

1,'m|iI.  William  1 1  .Ml  IliMi^all  was  lioni  in  Maill.ilnl,  Nova  Si  "lia.  in  |S|'/,  iinl  1 1'liinnni  cl  In  .  inaiine  1  ;iiii  1  in  iSdi  on  ' 'n- 
hiirk  /i  sMi'iti  I  .las^'.iiw.      He  lontiiillril  sailing  in  various  11.11 1-,  ol  lln-  vvll'l  in  sniioi'linati- 1  ai'.ii  11  ns  mil  'I  1S71.  v\  hen  In-  was  I'l  ■'    '  ' 

a  in.'islrT's  rinliticaii-  al  1  .las^mN,  Si  oil  a  ml,     Itr  n  itiiiinrii  in  lln  •ht.'ii-vviilrr  li.ni nl  lln*  lain  1  pail  o]  tin-  •'i>',liiies,  -Alnn  In  • 

III  Virtiiria  ami  1  oiiiiiiriiriil  si  aliii);  iiii  tlii'  ,1  liiiiiiii  1  Siiilir  '/  iiiftil 


I  I    ' 


/J  lirirl  llialory  0/  the  lirili'ih  Culiinilii:)  ■'•!f:i/iiir/  livlinli^ 


i.v; 


i  •  :ii 


illllil  of  ;ili\ 
r:i|il:iili  ;  K 
M\\v\  llolll, 
I  >i)it',,  I'lii  \ 
lilis,  sf;iiiii  n 
cw  Wl'U'  all 
in  \'i(liiii:i, 

,"1S  lll'linl  I.I 
1  mill  Inllli.l 
(■(lit.  I'loin 
it  is  lliciii}',lil 
iiinlr  I.I.iihI 
■(•(iiil]):ili>  in;; 
l:il  trill, 
lest  w.ls  IIm 
l.c((.iv.  The 
ill    I.V'  i1m\s, 

)iisti;ili'l  1"  I 
s|ifc(l  .-1  yen 
.•1    voynv.i'  I" 

'«!■•,> 'I  K    .VV 
M  .-.illV.li'  <I:IV. 
/,  C:\y\.  ji.lm 
'  and  .1),,!. 
Mai  till,  I  aiil' 
rem    llalllax 
r   iiial;iii;.',   lli' 
:.S  (lavs,  uliil' 
■iiild.    Captain 
lived    i  II    I  I" 
inn    Svilni  \, 
ilnii.      Cap 
tclcy     sail''l 
///(//(/   aiunnd 
lays,    while 

Diiliy,  I  loiii 

mil  the  \V  /■ 

l,iiii    HiiAva 

jdllll'S,    wile 
e    llldllths  III! 

liiilli  ani'.Mi;: 
ti,  \'i(  l.iii  I 

llels    I  ViA'/"' 
l<,llj;.lll       W  I 
Ihe    K'-nll    "I 
111.1    the   '' 
1.   licl    Ilia    ' 
iWlleil    in    ''■ 
•ally  a   dn/'  n 
II  l)ipai'l. 
!,•   vessels   h  el 
ki  IS  sei  111'  '! 
.  hiii'l.i'   i  I 
v.T,  /■'"     '■ 


I-,  liea.|.|ii.i. 
1.,,,.,     llcci    I'' 
alici    ■.elliKi! 

I   III   i.Sl.l  lie 
1    lie  WIIS  )'l  e 
■aIm-II   lie  '     ' 


p.  U  y\ 


Vi  !■  I   I     41  son  N     (U   IS  I  I   11-      IS      I  rii         ~-^  I  t•^^  IS  I  l-.M.N 


i.rM<>   *•«  III 


^=3^  —.  .',iK\i'«-»'  'a-.".  --  -  '.i' ■: 


41(1 


Lvv^is  c?  Drydcn's  Mnrine  History  of  fhu  Pacitin  Nortliwust 


()JI,  /li'ii/iicf  (,yH,  Ciiiloll,!  (,'.  Cm  j,737,  <  .  //.  '/'ii/>/>,r  i,.St7,  ('(iiiiiolih-  S;.;,  T,  /^.  AVf//!/  jS,  (',(/),■  AVv^/r  j;,  /),./„ 
Sii:,iiril  ,S()7,  /;'.  />'.  Mnrvin  2.(117,  I'.nlfifi  isf  'i"7,  luivofilf  65-',  /•'((«■«  (Ho,  iniiii'a  i,2(jii,  I  liuriiila  \^i, 
k'nthiiiiic  4,v^,  A'((/c  270,  /.nhitnloi  275,  /.Mity),  Atiiiiiii- f,,  Miiiiii  S'XJ.  nttisnillr  .\.\i\,  Mmitl  S.  1,702,  /!/<// 1 
'/"(/I'/o/  942,  yl/iM'  /i'(7//'  524,  Misihiff  (I'li,  /1/(/0'  /;'//(■«  K4fi,  /I/<v  «/<(/(/  402,  (Avvjw  /.V//c  1,  ('n,  fV(n  (n/i/  /Af///V  47.' 
Olh  2(->s,  /'ioiuvi  .\2i),  /',-nilof>f  1,717,  Sni  Lion  r,i)34,  Sa/^f'liifr  970,  .SVf,//V-  ■/'////>,/  r.ns,  Tlifii-sn  sCi.S,  '////'v/A'  S,;, 
Tiiumpli  541,  I 'mill  ilia  1,47.^,  ( '/.'(f  i,74H,  I'ciiliin-  165,  I'iiloiiii  581,  IT.  /'.  SavwdrJ  1,080,  Wnlln  .1.  /uir/, 
1,866.  Wiiiiii/nil  foo,  Wivnliiei  87,  U'ii//<r  I..  Kifll  ,v86,  l/V///('  A/iliouaii  (),^,  //'.  /'.  /A///  |i(,;  ciitclR'S  iii.l 
nivc'ii.  Mm  ill.  Moiiiitdin  Chiif  and  A'cwc  f'Av'/  ,■    Ao/z'/c,  A(f«/v;  and  Mamiir  Mai  wrecked. 

TIr'  followiiin  vessels  wore  sui/.cd  :   .-//vV/,  Ciniiiolili\  C.  P.  A'ain/,  I liiii iilla.  Mmiii,  Moiiiilaiii  Cliici,  Osi.n 

,111,1  ll,iltii\  A'osi,-  (Vsi-ii,  tl'iiiiii/irt/  and   I/7///V'  J/iGoiciii.     Tliu  Vancouver  sell cr  V,iii,oiin-i  lt,lli\  Capl.  VV.  II 

Co])]), '■  was   ea])tured  willi   7011  skins 
aboard    liy   the    Russian    niaii of  w;ii 
'/.,ihi,ik;i,    twenty     miles     oil'     Cojiim 
Island,  July  i-'tli,  and  taken  with  hei 
crew    to    l'etnp])aiilovski,    where    after 
slight    detention    the    iiieii    were   sent 
lioiiie  in   the   Rosii-  H/sm.     The   Kiis- 
sians    refused     to    return     the     /till,- 
which  was  a  very  line  schooner.     The 
steamer     ( ',>i/iiilliiiii    was    sent    north 
with  siil)])lies  for  the  X'ictoria   Meet  tu 
eiiahle  them  to  eontiniie  the  season  ^ 
work,  and  was  also  e.xjieeled  to  liriiif; 
back  the  catch  U|)  to  the  time  ol  liei 
arri\',il.     A    reiidi/voiis    was    seleilcd 
at  Port  Ivtclies,  Prince  William  Sound, 
•and,    while    the    ('('</ nil  la  111    was    then- 
transferring  carj;o,  she  was  surjniscil 
by    the    revenue    cutter    (01.,  in    ;iiiii 
seized.     The  (0/ .,/«  conveyed   lur  in 
Silka.  where  she  was   tinned   o\cr  tn 
the    I'nited   States    marshal   and   sub 
setiuciitly    sent    to     Port    Towiiseiid 
Cai)laiii     Uoojicr,    in     his     re|iort     to 
the  authorities  at  \V'ashiiij;toii.  said 
"The   Coi/uilliiiii  entered  a  h.irbor  of  the  United  States,  not  a  |)ort  of  entry,  without  a  ])erniit  from  the  customs 
authority,  transferred  and  receiveil  a  cargo  in  \  iolation  of  law,  and  w.is  engaged  in  towing  within  the  Jurisdiclion 
of  the  Unite<l  States,  and  h.is  lor  these  acts  subjected  herself  and  cargo  to  conliscatioii.      It  also  ajijieais  tli.it   lln 
cajitaiii  and  owners  of  the   l'«i/iiill,iiii  were  w;\(neil  by  L'ollerlor  Milne  of  X'ictoria  before  sailing  that  they  wonlil 
run  great  risks  liv  what  the\  iinijinsed  to  <lo       He  :t.jvi>»»1  them  to  make  a  transfer  on  tlu  high  seas." 

Among  the  schooners  transferring  their  c;i.gii  lo  the  (ih:i\-ll,iiii  w.is  the  Sra  I.i,tii,  Cajit.  Otto  Ihicholt/., 
which,  as  s<»ii  as  she  had  delivere<l  her  cargo  of  1  pm  skins  toC.'plain  Mcl,ellan,  stood  away  for  the  Uiissiaii  side, 
where  she  hunted  through  the  season  without  interrni)tion.  ( )ii  Se]>tember  15th  she  encountered  a  fearful  storm 
ofl'  Am.  in  which  she  lost  six  sealing  boats  and  all  of  her  water  casks,  aiiil  the  galley  was  stove  in  ami  iirell\ 
badly  <laniaged.  Sand  Point  was  the  nuaiest  jporl.  and  Cajitain  liuclioltz  hciided  in  that  '.irrction,  reaching  Ihen 
Sei)tenil)er  jstli,  Helore  going  ill  with  the  schooner  he  rowed  ashore  and  interviewed  Collector  liiiUock,  \\\\i> 
assured  him  that  the  vessel  wonlil  not  be  molested,  so  she  came  in  and  was  beached  lor  re])airs.  A  few  days  lalei 
orders  were  re<eive<l  from  Sitka  to  seize  aii>  .il  tin  lleet  which  had  met  the  (  iv/«//A/w  and  which  might  nm  in 
Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  he  had  i)romise<l  her  safety,  the  collector  infoinuil  Ca])tain  Ihuholtz  that  tin 
schooiici  was  under  seizure,  and  ..  dejiuty  niaishal  was  (ilaced  aboanl  On  the  night  of  the  twenty  niiilh  a  )'al( 
s])raiig  Uji  which  Ihreatfnvd  to  drive  the  sehonUer  <»«  the  rocks  or  out  to  sea.  Cajilain  linihollz  then  decided  I" 
leave  jiort.  an<l  gave  tl"  oHicial  in  ehai^je  the  choice  of  going  ashore  or  being  shanghaied.     lie  dcmmied  at  fusi 

'"V-mit.  \V.  H.  lulip  i>f  VaiHouvrr,  II.  l'.,  »<-  liuni  in  Nrw  Hruiiswii'k  in  ii.\42.  .\riiT  sailing  in  v;iiiiius  p.iiis  <>l  llic  worlil.  In- 
I'ftitie  lo  Vaiicixmi  lu  iW;  rind  liiiiU  the  sclicpciiiii  I'liiiiiiiivri  I:,  llf.  He  tool  l»er  into  lleiiri^;  Si;i  in  i.Si)i.  Iml  \s;v-  in.lrii  il  iinl  .1 
Jui\  li>  llic  ran  I  I  Sl;ili'%  n-venni'  i  uiw-?^  lie  niaile  .'inollii'i  .it  tr  nipt  I  he  foll-winv^  vi-.u  ;n  en  lei-  Ui-riii^  St-ii  wilh  tin-  /.'<  U,-,  ami  ■  !! 
iiniliii^'  it  ( IriKcf'  Avnl  tivrt  fo  tin-  KtisMnM  vnU-  ami  si-.ileil  in  the  vieinit\-  ot  C''»j»|)ei  Nlaml  *\lu-u-  lie  w.ts  sii,,il  j,ix  wi-iks  lattT  I»\  1 
Knssiaii  man  lit  war,  wInvV  look  tli*'  Vs^««»el  ami  rrew  lo  I'elio]iaii!iivski.  The  Koveiiitu  of  the  provinei-  gave  tlii-in  .1  \\iiiti*Mii 
Vielona  srliooiiei,  half  iiro\  isionfil.  /itiiitist  unlit  lur  use,  ami  sent  tlii-in  huiiu*.  *>ti  riaihitiy  \';ini-onvi'r,  the  ve.sscl  whirh  hail  la  in 
snhslifciHeil  liy  Ihe  KiisKtHiis  was  haiiilfil  over  to  hiT  original  nwiiers,  Captain  Coiip  losiiij^  Ins  M-sseJ  .-imi  hei  eurgo.  valueil  at  ahnni 
;fl.to,iKKi.     He  llu-n  reiireil  from  *!K'  w.-iler  .-itiil  has  sini-e  heen  enija^eil  in  stiveiU'iiiig  at  V'aniim  vei . 

'  Cajit.  oltn  Miirholl/'  was  horn  in  (Icnnaii)-  in  iSfi^.  lie  t'oninienrnl  sealin^^  unl  ot  Viftoti.i  in  iSiji  1  mi  llu  sehooner  Miiiin  ' 
Biiil  has  heel]  sl^cohlv  eiigii)(eil  siine.  In  iSyj  he  was  in  iiiniiiianil  of  the  Sfa  /.i,m,  anil  v^liile  rii  loulf  Ironi  Virtinia  to  Kainihall  1 
pill  into  Saiiil  )\v>Mt,  .MaskH,  in  ilislriss.  lie  wan  there  sei/iil  hy  1111  Ainerieaii  n  \eiiue  entter,  liul  ese.ipeil  ami  heailid  for  \ielon  ■. 
where  tin  i   anaili.in  rioviniineiil  pn.liiUil  liini. 


A  Brief  History  of  thu  British  Cnlumbia  Sonliny  Industry 


441 


,71)3,  A/<iry 

//„///,■  47^, 

7/i/\//r  ,S;,, 

I   .1.  r.aii, 

mIcIr'S    M(i| 

hid,   "•■I"' 
'apt.  W.  II. 

I  7111)  skills 
111:111  (iluai 

oil"       CdpplT 

I'll  witli  liii 

wlic'iv   afUi 

were   sunt 

The   Uiis- 

llic     /.',//,■. 

KiiK-r.     Till' 

sunt    iKiilli 

oria  llt'L't  111 

llie  si'iisoii's 

■led  to  liiiiii; 

tiiiR-  ol  lui 

,v:is    .sck-i'li-il 

lliani  SotiMil. 

II  was     tlll'lr 

as   smpiisiil 

( 1)1. it II    ami 

I'eyc'd  lu-r  In 

iifd   o\xr  1m 

lal   and   siili 

'IViwiisfiiil. 

s     report     In 

iiHtoii.   said 

1  tlie  ciisl<iiiis 

u  Jiirisdicliun 

.•ais  that  'An- 

t  the\'  uoiilil 

o  1'>U(  holt/. 
Kussiati  -idr. 
Ii-arlul  stoiiii 
ill  and   |iK-lt\ 
eai'liinn  there 
Hulloek,  wliii 
ew  (hiys  lalei 
iiij;ht  run  in 
loll/  that  the 
iiiiilh  a  I'alc 
rn  dei'ided   I" 
mi  red  at  firsl 

t  ihe  wutlil,  I"- 
.mil  11  <l  mil  i> 
u-  /.<//(■,  mill  "11 
weeks  laler  liv  1 
Kill  ;t  worn  oni 
wliieli  liM.l  I.e.  II 
v:illlecl   al  .lliniil 

.eliodiier  .!/;«". 
a  to  K.-tnti'lia!  1  I 
,1,  .1  r.)r  \iilon.. 


Init,  re  iliziiig  that   tlie  X'ietoriaiis  were  in  earnest,  niacerully  aerei)tecl   the  situation  and   rowed   to  hniil.     'Pwo 
weeks  later  the  Sra  Lion  sailed  iiuo  Vii'toria  liarhor  with  her  Unssiaii  ealeli. 

The  (.'ill  molilr,  Capt.  VV'illiaiii  ( ).  nii>;lies,  was  seized  oil'  Copper  Island,  and  the  crew  were  taken  to 
I'etropaulovski.  remaininy;  on  the  Knssian  man  of-war  (or  a  eonsideratile  length  of  time,  linally  llein^;  sent  from 
X'ladivostoek  to  Na^;asaki,  and  from  tliere  to  X'ietoriii  on  the  h'.mfii  rss  ol  (  liimt.  The  Wiiniifi  id  entered  Hiring 
Sea,  June  \}X\\,  by  way  of  irinniak  I'ass,  in  thick  weather.  After  reniaininn  a  few  ilays  it  l)e;;an  to  eleai  ii|i,  and 
(.'a|itain  Hansen  prepared  to  leave.  A  de.id  calm  ensued,  anil  he  was  si^jlited  liy  the  h'iiliniil  Nnsli,  whieh  eanie 
np  and  found  him  with  .seals  on  deck.  The  W'iiiiii/i nl  was  lowed  to  Unalaska,  wdiere  several  ehar^es  were  filed 
anainsl  her.  The  O.miu  mid  ll,illii\  which  was  in  coinmand  of  Captain  Tiittle,  the  successor  of  Caiitain  C.aiiU, 
was  ciptnred  An^nst  .^st  in  (lotzeb  harbor,  on  the  north  side  of  Atii  Island,  by  the  I'nited  States  steamer 
A/oliidiii.  Iler  ca|)laiii  made  the  plea  lliat  he  had  run  in  for  fuel  and  water,  but  the  entries  in  his  log-book  were 
so  eonllietinn  that  Sir  Matthew  Megbie,  before  whom  the  case  was  tried  at  Victoria,  declared  lier  confiscated  to  the 
crown.  Capl.  J.  I,.  I'erry,  her  owner,  appealed  the  case  to  the  Snpienie  Court  of  Canada,  and  the  decision  was 
reversed.  The  schooner  l.uiiiii,  Cajitain  Hansen,  was  wrecked  in  iMieiidlv  Cove,  Nootka  Sound,  January  2slh. 
The  "  I'Myinj;  Dutchman,"  as  Hansen  was  termed,  had  run  in  to  secure  Inilian  hunters.  While  lying  there  tlio 
vessel  dragged  her  anchor  and  became  a  total  loss. 

The  continuance  of  the  modus  I'iveiidi  in  i.Sc^,^  forced  fully  one  half  of  the  \'ictoria  schooners,  including  the 
largest  and  best  of  the  fleet,  to  visit  tlie  waters  of  Japan,  in  which  a  few  of  the  \esscls  had  been  very  successful. 
Among  the  niiinber  were  the  (.'iiilolla  (',.  Cov,  Capt.  W .  I). 
Ii\ers,  which  secured  2,772  skins  ;  ./i,'«,,v  MiPoiinld,  M.  I'". 
CntU'i',  -'.7(>(i;  /'iiii/,i/>i\  h'tederick  Cole,"'  J,->i)i  ;  Cuin-va, 
William  O'I.eary,  j.ndri  ;  Osmt  mid  llnllic,  W.  \\.  Maker, 
j.Kj.S  ;  V,i,i,  W.  Shields,  j.imiv  ;  Mmy  h'.ll.ii,  \\  ().  Iliiglies, 
i.';7o;  (  tiMi',  ()tto  liiicholt/,  1,(172;  I 'iiihi iihi,  C.  Campbell, 
1.S27;  /.ildiir.  V.  Ilackclt,  i,(i,u:  S,idii-  /'iii/^rl,  C.  I,e 
Hlaiic.  i,,V'2;  MmidS.,  K.  IC.  McKiel,  .,,s,,  ;  . // />/,  \,  Abel 
Douglass."  L.vS.j;  Mniiund.  W.  H.  Whitelcy,  1.25.S;  h'.iilir- 
f)iisi\  J.  W.  Todd,  1,^11  ;  /'/,-(/,  J.  W.  AndersoTi,  1,171; 
Mov  l!,lli\  C.  J.  Harris,  i,,S52  ;  (  i.'v  0/  Smi  /)ii-i;o,  M.  I'ike. 
i.ii|5  ;  '/iiiiisii.  Iv  Loreii/,  .Sj.j  ;  Aiiiiir  ('.  Mooir,  J.  Daley, 
i.iss:  W'li/lii  /'.  //ii/l.  J.  li.  liidwn,  ()vS.  The  greater 
portion  ot  these  catches  were  made  upon  the  Japan  coast, 
but  some  of  the  seals  were  secured  on  the  Unssian  side.  Tiie 
/'i  ill  III  fill,  Cajit.  C.  W.  Cox,  secured  2,\i,h  skins,  1,71,?  of 
which  were  taken  on  the  coast  of  liritish  Columbia  and  the 
remainder  on  the  Russian  side.  The  rest  of  the  Heel  going 
to  the  latter  iilace  made  catches  as  follows,  those  secured 
on  the  coast  being  lirst  mentioned  :  Sii/>fi/iii ,-,  Ca]it.  William 
Cii\,  i,2fi2.  i|i;  A,'.  A'.  Mmriii.  ls:iac  .\.  Could,'  i.m.}, 
=,17;  .WiiMoll,,  II.  !■'.  Sieward,  ,S57,  ^27;  /hiin  Sincnid, 
U.  ().  .'.avender,  i,|2(i,  |,vt  :  Minnie,  \'ictor  Jackob.son,  .pSi), 
J.'  iseizedi  ;    Anni,    !■'.     I'oinl,   A.  Hissett,  7411,  .pii  ;    Piano. 


A.  Nelson, 


2i)|  ;    I'ohii.   \.   Magneson,  ,S(rf>,  77  ;    (),, 


Sl'HDll.Sl.K.'i     "  W  \l.i  l.i:     1, 


liillf,  T.  O'l.earj,    i,,^io,    S|7  ;   -linoko,  (1.  Heater,  i,,ut.   I'' 

"■•Ciijil.  Wiiliani  (),  lliinlii's  w.is  liiini  in  Nova  Srolia  in  iK|-; 
.illil  lliis  lircn  iMKii>;iil  III  the  niiirilu-  linsiius;  lor  llliilv  M-ais.  Ili- 
loniinriui'il  in  tin-  coasting  Inulc  onl  o!  All;intii-  ]ioils  and  alli  rw.ml 
sailed  in  ilif]i  w.-ilcr  to  .ill  jiarts  of  tin-  world,  lie  i-.inie  lo  Vii  toiia  in 
iSiji  Mild  lias  silii'c  lieell  eiin.iv;iMl  ill  the  sealing  Iraile.  Me  was  inaslia 
III  tlie  scliooner  I'liinioliti-  wlicii  slu-  was  seized  liy  tile  Kiissi,iiis  at 
t'oppcr  Islaml  ia   iSc,>,  v'.iptain  lliij.;hes  and  liis  erew  lieinn  lakeii  to 

l\'tto]ianlovski  and  Iroiii  there  to  Vhulivostoek.  'I'lies  reni.iitu-i!  lor  sevflilcen  d:i\s  on  hoard  the  Uitssijni  iii;in  ol'-WMr  alnl  wi-ic 
then  selll  to  NiiKiisaki.  Ia|iall.  rrcitll  w'lliell  |ihi(e  they  sailed  lor  \'irloria  on  the  /-'iiiftiiss  ol  lafitVl.  eaiitain  lllinhis  h,•l.^  niiiitl\ 
had  ehaiKe  of  the  sehooner  Maiy  I'llm. 

■Tapt.  I'reileriek  I'ole  was  hoin  in  New  roundlalid  in  iSsi  ami  loinineliced  se.ilini;  out  oi  \'ii-t<aia  in  iSijo  on  the  l\urh>pi\ 
wlliill  lie  took  lo  the  japan  <  luisl  in  l.Sijj,  hciiin  th<'  liisl  of  llie  lleel  to  insane  ill  si-aling  ill  those  waters,  llei  eMleli  Ih.it  vear  was 
l,7.S'i  skins,  and  llie  lollowinn  year  -',;'"■•  In  lS<;|  L'aplaiii  l.'oli'  h;iil  eliaij^e  of  the  ■.ihooiui  Pulii  Su  ..aid.  with  wliu  h  In-  touk  .',i.S.| 
skills. 

""  .ipl.  .'\liel  llonnlass  was  liorii  in  Miiine  in  lS|i  and  eaiiii-  to  the  I'aeilie  e'oiisl  in  iSh.,,  seivinj;  Pm  two  ve.iis  on  the  wlialinn 
■.rhooiier  Kolr.  lie  then  hiiilt  the  srhooiua  I'l  :iiiil/>h ,  whieh  he  operated  in  trading,  lishinj,',  and  in  ihe  ( loverninent  serviee  in 
laili-h  Colninlpia  waters,  for  Ihiiteeli  years.  He  lu\t  seelll<cl  a  two  thirds'  interest  in  the  (  luill,  iu\i- .  with  which  he  e.illliniled  (or 
two  seasons,  until  she  w.e.  --i./.ed  ill  the  tall  ol  iSSS,  wlii'll  he  shijiped  ;is  hlinler  011  the  ,  \iuilr  I  '.  Mroir  for  two  \e,irs.  In  lS(,i  he 
iiuilt  the  schooner  .t/iiy  ///  //f-.  whieh  he  ran  for  one  season,  and  then  sent  to  laiwuher^,  Nova  Scotia,  for  the  .  ti  iiit\,  ol  w  liirh  he 
took  ehaine  upon  her  arrivul,  reiiiaini";.;  with  her  ■^iueeaiid  meeting  with  sueeess. 

"  Capl.  Isaac  A.  I'mnM  was  '-irii  in  Nov.i  ^eotia  111  iS.pi  and  h.is  followed  the  sea  for  over  tweiily  ye.iis  He  sailed  on  the 
.'\tlaiitie  Coast  ill  various  cap  leitji-  iiiitil  iSc^i,  when  he  eanie  to  \'ietoria  and  eit^a^ed  ill  sealinj;  on  the  sehooner  .Irii'l.  He  was 
.iflerward  iiiaslc-r  of  the  Kiithfi  iiii         I  in  iSih  h.id  eliar^;e  of  the  /-.'    /.'.  .)/<;/ .  /«,  ni.ikiii^  prolilalile  eiuises  with  I  mill  ol  the  vessels. 


442 


Lowis  cf  DryJon's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


St'MOftNllH    "  Wir.f.  \Mtl    AtNSUCMtlll' 


(sci/fil)  ;   k'nllieriiic,  \V.  I).  McDolinall,  ,VS2,  3^',^;  Olio,  M.  Kui'fi.',  fi,v>,  ,VJ7  ;   M'iry  '/'O'^'"'  ''•   SliieUls,  741;,  2.\u  , 

lirciidit,  Colin  1?.  I.Dckc,''  H.(5,  .(nS  ;    ll'iilln  I.,  h'iih,  S.  Halcoiii,   l,.^-M,  ,^17. 

Tliosc  l.•ll^;a^c^.■ll  ill  Sfaliii^;  on  llio  Itiilisli  Coliliiibiii  coast  alone  were  :   /.ulntulor,  Capl.  J.  J.  WMiitcley,  2f);,  ; 

l^liiihiil,    W.    I'utit,    \\\\     i'niluif,    O.    McDonnall,    S2  ;     W'allfr   A.    /uir/i\    T.    Ma>;iK'Soii,     i,f)J2  ;     llciilrin, 

I).  Macaiilcy,  651;  ;  l^foiinlaiii  i'hif/,].  Nawassniii,  12H  ;  Kiilf  /Ivalf,  Snap,  K6  ;  h'alf,   I.    l-'ostcr,   293;  i'nvoiile. 

I<.    Mi'I.ean,   i/f'i;     /lorin/i.s,   (.).    Meyer,    i,.^i)7  ; 

/('.  /'.  Miiyu'dicf,  ().  I'crey,  sy'i  ;   •'^""  /"■*'',  K.  Iv 

Crowell,    J42  ;     I'irlon'a,    II.    V.    Unfiles,    4.'i)  ; 

A'().s/c    ()lscii.    A.    M.    \V'lii(l<len,    VS"^  ;    ll'<i)it/fii>; 

IT.    I'axton,    sori  ;    /'/oniri ,    J.    Mel.eod,     i,<>5i'. 

The  coinl)iiie(l  catch  of  the  \'ictoria  Meet,  iiichul 

iiiK    that   of  tile  Vancouver   schooners    /itiili  iie 

and   < '.    I').    Rtiiid  ami  the   American  .schooners 

;l/(/;  !■  lirowii  and  Siuilli  /Ivinf,  which  had  liead- 

(|iiarlers    at    Victoria,    was    •ji\i-nn\    skins,    over 

-•I), 1 100  l)cin^i;   taken    on    the   Japan  coast.     The 

\'ictoria     vessels    carried    as   crews   S06    whites 

and  432   Indians,  ahoiil  jod  less  than  had  been 

eiiti;aKc<l  the  previous  year.     None  of  the  Amer- 
ican  lleet  made  as  larne  catches  as  those  of  the 

Tiiiimfili,    .Ix'iis    A/i/)(i)iii/il,    Ciir/iilld    (,,    Co.v, 

I  'mhriiia    and    I'liirloftf.  and    only    one    of    tile 

schooners,  the  Allir  I.  Ali;n\  secure<l  over  2,000  skins.     This  vessel  oht.Tined  2,2.'.^,  the   I luny  /h  iniis,  Captain 

Miner,  coming  next  witli    i,7<;,'i:  the  luhitiid  /;".   Wibnlcr   1,^)70,   the   .Uollir    T.lhir  r.diij,  ./.    h'.pfiiii^rr   1,541. 

I'.mnut  and  l.oiiiif  1,522,  llciiiiaii  i,,^25,    W'illurd  Aiiisuoilh  i,2H2,  Mm y  II.   'I'/ioinnx  i.-'Ci),  lunchend  I,ii;i5,  Mnn 

llroicii  97,5,  /,////>■  A.  ij5,S,  l.ouisr  l>.  i).[^\,   Nallln   ,S4.S,  Alloii  7H2,  Mcsndir  7i,S,  Louis.  (Usrii  655,  //.  ('.  Uo/i/hz-x 

59S,  A'lilr  Olid  .l/iiio  514,  Son   l>/ri;o  512,  Rosir  .Sfiotks  .(|,s,    I 'iii;o  .)  ^7,   (iio>t;r  A',    ll'lii'lr  40(1,    I'oliniihia  ym. 

.Molllmo  Tkiiiii   T,.\2,   V'to. a- r  T,ot),  .■I<lu7/i:t  2X.n,  .Soiilli  Uriid  iHo,  .liioioiido    i;i,  h'ch  ii-,ir  122.   I'o/iiiileii    1,^0.      A 

few  of  these  vessels  fitted  out  in  ,Saii  I-'rancisi-o,  but  the  best  of  them,  like  the  .lllic  I.  .  //i,''/,  Ifniiy  Ihiiiiis  .iiitl 

Willoid  .lin.s7('oiili,   hailed  from  Seattle.     Capt.   Alex   Mcl,eaii    made  an  exiierimeiil  in    iSc);^  with  the  steanur 

.Uiwdiit/rr,  but  the  cost  of  operatiiifj;  her  was  so  great  that  the  result  was  un])rofitable. 

One  of  the  handsoinest  additions  to  \'icloria's  fleet  was  the  famous  smngglei    llnUyoii,  Imilt  at  licuicia   in 

i,S,S6  fur   Harry  Tcvis  of  ,Saii    p'raiicisco.     ,Slie  was  seventy-four  feet  long,  twenty-one  feel  luam,  and  eight  feel 

five  inches  hold,  was  filled  up  in 
elegant  style,  and  wiieii  com|)leted 
was  one  of  the  handsoinest  yachts 
that  ever  sailed  out  of  tlu-  May  City. 
Having  no  particiihn  use  for  her, 
Tevis  soon  sold  her,  and  she  event 
iially  fell  into  the  hands  of  A.  W. 
Whalley  ati<l  V:.  \\.  Mcl.ean,  who 
were  engaged  in  smuggling  opium 
on  a  wholesale  plan.  Their  s|)eedy 
craft  was  occasionally  seen  in  a  iiuiii 
Im  of  harbors  along  the  I'acific 
Coast,  lull  her  owners  were  loo  can 
lions  to  be  ca])liircd,  and  when  sin 
was  inleicepUd  the  ciislom-hon.'-e 
ofllcers  invari.ibly  found  that  they 
had  made  a  "water  haul."  When 
the  authorities  became  too  vigilant, 
the  llohyon  would  fly  over  to  tlu; 
')n^iil.  On  one  of  tlie.se  lri])s  she 
went  ashore  on  the  coast  of  Japan, 
and    over    #5(],(iii<)    worth,    of   opium 

wliiih  she  had  on   board  was  seized  by  that  Ooveriinieiit.     Whalley,  at  that  time  in  the  height  of  his  powei, 

succeeded   ill  recovering  the  c.argo  without   imicli  dillicully,  and  when   the  yacht  was  rei)aired  she  carried  it  to 

"Cn|)l.  Colin  Iv  l.iK'lif  Hii.s  liiirn  iti  .Nuva  .Scolia  in  i.S^o  aiifl  c'liniinciui'd  his  iiiarinf  sirviic  dii  the  Alhuilic  t'liiisl  al  tlie  np- 
ol  lifteiMi  ill  I'lo  ilcep  «at<r  atiil  roa.stiiiK  trade.  I'oiii  yiars  latir  lit  «as  a]ipiiiiiti'il  mate  ottliu  lirii-antiiie  Ciimiiii,  and  at  llie  i\]!f.-  iil 
t«(Mity-(inu  was  master  ot  the  schodner  (,'iiiiaii  llrml  \\\  the  Wisl  India  traile,  reinainiiiH  in  lliat  tiaflii'  lor  cinhticn  years.  H 
to  till'  I'acilii-  Coast  as  male  of  the  srhooiUT  /.ibttif 
scliooiirr  /Iniiclii. 


m  .Syiiiiey,  Cape  Hreton,  and  for  the  past  two  scisons  has  ln-en  master  of  the 


TT 


A  brii'f  History  of  the  British  Columbia  Sunlimj  Industry 


443 


Is,  745,  J.|(>; 

lik'ley,  26,^  ; 
■  ;  /'f(il>i(c. 
3  ;   I'livoi  ili\ 


•mis,  CiiliUiiii 
liiiiirr   1,511. 

1,035,  A/ai\ 
('.  Wiililluri; 
olidiihia  ,Vi". 
ten  i.v'.  A 
'  />iinih  iiiul 

the  sk-aiiKT 

it  lifiiiciii  ill 
111  ci>;lil  liil 
I'lttcd    iiji    ill 

11     C()IllI)ll.'tlll 

iiKst  yaclit', 
u  li.iy  City, 
ise    for    lui. 

I  slic  t-vunl 
Is  of  A.  W. 
Ic-I,c:ili,  wild 
j^liiij;  opium 
IMicii  spuedy 
L'li  in  a  iiiitli' 

tlif  I'acifir 
cR'  too  tan 
1(1  wln.11  slu 
uslom-liousi- 
1  tliat  tliuy 
ml."  Wliiii 
loo  xinilaiit. 
over  to  tlif 
.'.sf  trip.s  ''111 
St  of  Japiiii, 
of  opiuiii 
if  Ills  powfi, 
(•allied  it  to 

lil^t  .It  tlif  n^i- 
111  ;il  Ule  :ini'  iil 
IS.     lie  ciillli- 

II  lllastir  of  llli' 


Iloiioliiln.  When  she  a^jaiii  appeared  at  \'ietoria,  her  reputation  had  heroine  so  had  that  her  owners  decided  to 
sell  her  and  found  a  ready  ])ui(liaser  in  Capt.  J.  (i.  Cox,  who  secured  her  for  $5,21"),  alioiil  one  fourth  ol  her  cost. 
.She  was  ;it  oiiee  e(piipped  for  sealing  under  the  new  iiainif  Viiu,  and  in  (■oinniaiid  of  Capt.  VV'illiani  .Shields  '  lijis 
heeli  very  successful. 

The  sclioinier  Afrniniid,  Capt.  W.  II.  Whiteley,"  iiiel  with  an  adventure  in  i.Si;.^  thai  has  few  parallels  in 
marine  history.  While  off  the  coast  of  Japan  in  April  she  collided  with  a  whale  and  narrowly  escaped  destruction. 
All  account  of  the  accident  is  nivcii  in  a  letter  written  liy  Captain  Whiteley  to  his  partner  in  X'ictoiia,  in  which 
he  says:  "On  April  iitli  we  were  criiisiiij;  ahout  two  hundred  miles  off  the  coast.  It  w.is  lilowinn  a  ^;ale, 
so  that  the  vessel  w.is  le.ichiiiH  aloiin  under  a  reefed  foresail,  staysail  and  trysail.  I  was  lyiiit;  down  when  I  lie.iril 
the  iiiaii  on  watch  siiij;  out,  '  Who  wants  a  shot  at  a  whale  .■" '  Of  course  no  one  did,  luit  I  yjot  up  and  went  oil 
deck,  and  the  man  at  the  wheel  said.  'There  is  a  whale  asleep  ahead.'  I  lonkid  and  saw  a  leviathan  not 
fifty  feet  to  the  windward.  I  at  once  ordered  the  vessel  kept  off.  and,  as  she  fell  nfl,  ihe  whale,  now  thorounhly 
awake,  kejit  crossing  her  how.  In  less  than  a  niinnle  he  struck  ns  and  we  struck  him  with  an  awful  crash.  'I'hf 
monster  hit  the  vessel  with  his  tail  and  liroke  two  lieams  ofT  clean.  The  stem  was  knocked  completely  from 
the  |il.inks  and  fell  just  like  a  rudder,  hard  over.  The  inniips  were  at  once  sounded,  lull  the  vessel  was  found 
not  to  leak.  That  nij>lit  there  was  the  nnliesl  sea  that  I  have  ever  seen,  hut  still  the  old  stem  held.  If  she  had 
not  lieen  Imilt  as  she  was,  we  all  would  have  ^;one  to  the  holloin.  We  started  hack  for  Yokohama.  April  i.Uh, 
arriving  four  days  later,  and  are  now 
repairing  damages." 

Till'  .  tiimko  w;is  sei/ed  six- 
teen miles  southwest  of  Copper 
Isl.ind  hy  the  knssian  man of-war 
)'(ikoiil.  The  vessel  w.'is  in  coiii- 
iiiaiid  of  Ca|it.  ('icorj;e  Healer.  '  and 
for  live  days  prior  to  her  seizure  had 
lieeii  uiialile  to  secure  an  oliserva- 
lidii.  Ill  niiininK  on  dead  reckoning 
a  stroll}.;  cnrieiil  had  set  the  \'essel 
in  toward  Copper  Island.  When  the 
fo;;  lifted.  C.iplaiii  Heater  realized 
his  position,  made  all  s.iil  and 
slarted  away  from  the  piohiliiled 
lirritiiry.  .\  li).;ht  wind  and  heavy 
se.i  prevented  his  escape,  and  on  the 
eveiiint;  of  the  twenty  I'lrst  lie  was 
overhauled  liy  the  )'<i/:<>iil,  which 
seized  his  papers  and  ordered  the 
vessel  to  reiiorl  to  the  Itritish  consul 
at  \'okoliaiiia  IK'  proceeded  to 
ohev,  liiit  the  llfteeii  Indians  on 
hoard  refused  to  snlimit,  and,  as  there  were  but  four  whiles.  Captain  He.iter  was  ohlined  to  reUirii  to  \icloria. 
He  landed  the  Indi.ins  at  Hisi|iiiot  and  then  proceeded  to  \ictoria.  where  the  ca.se  was  heard  hefore  Justice 
Cre.'ise,  who  rendered  a  ilecisiiiii  in  favor  of  the  schooiur,  ;iiid  she  was  accordingly  cleared.  The  A/tiin/  .S. , 
Captain  McKiel,  was  ordered  to  Japan,  and,  like  the  .liiiokd,  when  the  case  was  thoroUKhlv  iiive-tinaled,  was 
released.  .S  1,.  Kelly  it  Co.  of  \'ictoria  launched  the  strain  schooner  W'orlixk.  .\pril  27th.  .and  sent  her  on  a 
selling  expedition  in  cliar>;e  of  Capt.iin  Kiildleliejelke.  .She  was  seventy-one  feet  loiiK.  lourtceii  feci  In  am.  and 
eij^lil  I'eel  hold,  willi  very  liuhl  liower  from  a  twelve  liy  twenty-four  inch  engine. 

Kiiles  foi  the  pivernment  of  the  sealing  llei'l  ill  i.Sol  were  set  forth  in  .May,  the  inslrnctinns  from  Imlh 
lirilish  and  .Anuiicaii  authorities  being  siilistanlially  the  same.     They  were  as  follows  : 

"C.'ipl.  \V'i]liiiiii  Shields  \\;is  Imiii  in  t  alilimn:!  in  iSh^  ami  i-niiniu'iicci)  scaling  iiiil  of  X'ictciia  mi  the  /\illiliiiifi  1  atiniil  iiim- 
\ cars  a;;'!,  serving;  liisl  as  .i  hunter,  lie  reniaineil  with  tlu-  f'afh/illfit't  twii  seasmis,  was  fnr  a  similar  pcriinl  on  llle  I'trtr,  wciil  troiii 
her  1(1  Ur*  '/'tiifn//*//,  anil  then  s|k'iiI  three  years  on  llu-  /•,'.  //.  J/iitr/ri.  I'aiitaiii  Shivhls  iiia^le  a  pracliral  slinly  of  iia\'i};ali(iii  ami 
sramaiishi])  while  cinplnvt-il  as  a  hniilcr,  ami  on  Icavinj^  the  .Wiitrifi  was  ^^ivcn  (-oinniaini  of  the  t'l'ni,  one  of  the  liiicst  srlnioiicis  in 
I  he  lleet. 

■'(.'.apt.  W.  11.  W'llitclcy  was  liol  n  in  I.ahl.'idor  in  iSiii  ami  lias  roUo\veii  ihr  sea  si  me'  hovhoinl.  Me  canic  to  Ihc  I '.-11  i  lit  ■  t'oasl 
a  hunt  ten  years  a^h  :iih1  soon  a  fit- 1  ward  cominciui-'i  srahn^  with  tlle  old  si  liooner  /.<l/n  ilt/<u  .  now  owned  hy  Indian  scalers.  Captain 
Whitidey  relnaieed  with  this  vessid  lor  a  eon  side  rahic  Icnj^lh  of  time,  lea\  iii^  hci  10  In  inj^  tlic  srhooiici  .lA; ///.//(/ to  the  I'acilir  Coast, 
his  hrother,  (.'apt.  |.  J.  Whitidey,  taliinj;  his  j.laic  mi  the  /.(i/'(,;r/<i/ .  I  Ir  deinmisli  ated  his  ahility  as  ami\ij;alcir  hy  hriiininn  the 
.lA/ ;//<//(/ mil  in  ii.)da\s,  ami  siiici  hi-r  arrival  h.is  ri-inaim-d  in  roniin.-ind  He  has  operated  mnslly  on  ihc  |apan  coast,  meeting 
with  success,  the  ranions  coilisimi  of  the  Alt' nil  iihf  with  a  whale  heill^;  the  only  accident  the  vcssid  has  met  with. 

'■e'apt.  Ceorj^e  Heater  coinmenced  scaling;  out  of  X'ictoiia  ahmil  six  years  a^o  on  the  schooner  /\'ii\ti'  iVsrn.  lie  had 
previously  liad  coiisiilcrahle  ex]ierience  in  seaniaiiship  on  deep  water  vessels  in  various  pails  of  the  world  and  was  a  skillful 
navigator  Aflcr  leaviiiK  llie  <}/st-u  lie  was  eii^-a^^eil  on  .several  of  the  \'ictoiia  senliii}^  schooners,  and  in  i.'-i)^  had  cmnmaiid  of  Ihe 
.  hft'ii-''  when  she  was  sei/ed.  As  iiotliiii}>  emild  he  jiroven  against  tin-  vessel  she  was  .lecrndingly  leleased,  and  Caplain  Ileiiter  then 
resiillled  comillaml. 


STKAM    SKAI  KK    '    .A  I.K  X  ,\  N  l>l.  I*  ' 


!| 


I  (iwls  (f  Drydtm's  M.iriiK  Hixtory  of  the  Pncillc  Niirthwi:fit 


"  A  HTur.i':  I ,  MiIdr'  llu-  issiumci'  cil  a  spt'cial  lici'iiM-,  llic  niustfr  iif  any  sailiiin  vi-ssil  |)r(i|i()siiij;  lo  iii>;ii^;i 
ill  I'll r  seal  li'liiiin  sliall  inoiliuc  satislacloi y  rviiUinc  lo  llu'  cdlkctor  iil  custoiiis  that  tlic  Imiitcis  iiii|i|iiyicl 
liy  liiin  arc  i()iii|)iliiit  t(i  ii-^i'  tlic  wi'a]ioii.s  allllinrizfil  tiy  law. 

"  Ain'ici.K  J.  l''iiL-ariiis,  nets  or  cxplosivcN  sliall  not  lie  used  for  taking  or  killiiin  liir  sials  in  that  ]Hirliiiii 
of  HeriiiH  Sea  (lesrrilieil  in  the  aet  approveil  April  (\  i.Sij). 

"  Aktk'i.i-;  ,v  Ally  vessel  having  license  lo  liiiiil  fur  seals  in  the  North  I'acillc  and  Iteriii;^  Sea,  east  ol 
iHci"  loiiyjitiide,  shall,  lielore  entering  Hiriii)^  Sea  or  at  Unalaska,  ie|)ort  to  a  ciistimis  oIVhci  of  tlie  Uiiiteij 
Slates  or  an  ollicer  ol  the  I  'iiiled  States  .N'avv  and  have  all  arms  and  aiiiiiltiiiition  on  hoanl  seemed  under  seal,  ainl 
such  seal  shall  not  he  hroken  diirinn  llie  tiiiie  fur  .scaling;  is  prohibiteil.  In  order  to  protect  vessels  williin 
the  area  of  the  award  hetweeii  April  i, (111  and  August  isl,  lint  which  have  not  violated  the  law,  Ironi  iiii|iropii 
sei/.tire  or  detention,  the  master  thereof  may,  liy  applyiiij;  to  the  comniaiider  of  any  cnilser  or  to  a  ciisloiiis 
oflicer,  and  ilcclaiiiiK  that  she  intends  to  proceed  to  a  home  port,  have  her  sealing  outfit  secured  tinder  se.il,  and 
the.  ollicer  placing  this  se.il  shall  enter  the  date  of  the  same  upon  her  Ion  hook,  with  the  niiinlier  of  seal  skin-, 
and  bodies  of  seals  then  oil  hoard,  and  said  seal  shall  not  he  hroken  dining  the  time  fur  sealiii};  is  prohihited, 
except  at  the  home  jiort. 

"  Al<rii.l.h;  4.  Vessels  now  in  [apaiiese  waters  or  on  the  Siberian  coast  west  of  i.Ho  longitude,  wishiiin  to 
return  to  a  home  port,  liia\  inter  the  port  of  Atloua  and  there  have  their  sealing  outfits  secured  under  seal 
and  the  fact  entered  on  their  lo^  hooks.  Such  seals  shall  not  he  hroken  exccjit  at  her  home  poit,  and  such 
seal   and    entry  shall  constitute  a  suiri<ieiil  protection  against    sei/ure  while  within  the  area  of  the  award  on 

their  direct  passage  to  such  port.  In  case 
a  .sealing  vessel,  as  described  above,  shall, 
before  leaving  a  Japanese  port,  ileclare  hci 
intention  of  relurning  to  a  jiort  of  the 
United  States,  the  I'nited  .Slates  consular 
ollicer  of  the  port  may,  upon  application  of 
her  master,  secure  her  sealing  outfit  .is 
described  above.  Any  vessel  as  describid 
above  may  obtain  special  license  lo  limit 
fur  seals  in  Heriiig  .Se;i  upon  application  In 
the  I'niled  Stales  consular  oHicer  of  any  poll 
ill  Japan,  or  from  the  customs  at  Atloua, 
after  furnishing  the  evidence  reipiiied  in 
Article   1 . 

"  Aktici.i;  5.  Any  vessel  in  a  foreign 
or  home  jiort  wishing  lo  engage  in  fur  .sealing 
in  Heriiig  ,Sea  shall  obtain  a  special  license 
from  a  ciisloiiis  ollicer  of  the  I'niled  States  if 
in  a  home  port,  and  from  a  consular  ollicer  if 
ill  a  foreign  port.  Before  sailing  the  .sealing 
outfit  of  such  vessel  may  be  secured  under 
seal  upon  application  as  hereinbcfiiie  provided,  and  the  fact  noted  on  her  license.  .Such  .seal  shall  not  be  broken 
during  the  lime  fur-seal  fishing  is  jiroliibited. 

"  Ak'I'H'm  (>.  Vessels  now  at  sea  in  the  ])ursiiit  of  fur  seals,  and  found  not  to  have  violated  the  law  in 
reference  to  the  taking  of  fur  seals,  and  who  have  not  cleared  from  any  port  on  or  after  May  1,  1894,  will  not  be 
.seized  solely  on  account  of  not  having  a  special  license  or  distinctive  Hag. 

"  Aktici.Iv  7.  Ivvery  vessel  employed  in  fur  seal  fishing,  as  above  described,  shall  have,  in  a<ldilion  lo  Ihe 
[lapers  now  re(Hiired  by  law,  a  sjiecial  license  for  fnr-scal  fishing. 

"  AkTici.I';  H.  Ivvery  sealing  vessel  proviiled  with  sjiccial  license  shall  show  under  her  national  colois  a 
Hag  not  less  that  four  feet  .sipiare,  compo.sed  of  Iwo  ecpial  pieces,  yellow  and  black,  joiiicd  from  tlu'  right-hanil 
upiier  corner  of  the  fly  lo  the  left-hand  upper-corner  luff,  the  part  above  and  lo  the  left  lo  be  black,  anil  the  part 
to  the  right  and  below  lo  be  yellow. 

"  AkTici.K  ij.  The  authority  hereinbefore  granted  to  I'liiled  Stales  lonsular  ofliceis,  cusloms  ollicers  and 
olllcers  of  the  I'liiled  Stales  Xavy,  may  be  exercised  by  like  ollicers  in  llu;  service  of  Ih^  Cioveriimenl  ol 
Great  lirilain,  except  in  ])orts  of  the  I'niled  States. 

"  NoTicic.  The  ofTicers  herein  authorized  lo  carry  lait  the  provisions  of  the  act  approved  April  6,  i,S(y4, 
will  observe  that  the  objects  of  the  foregoing  articles  are  lo  picvent  from  minecessaiy  seizure  and  loss  of 
sea'ing  vessels  already  at  sea  in  ignorance  of  the  jirovisioiis  of  the  act,  or  unable  to  strictly  comply  with  its 
reipiiremeiils.  .Should  cases  occur  which  are  not  here  definitely  provided  foi ,  they  must  be  dealt  with  by  the 
olficers  with  the  above-nienlioiied  objects  in  view  and  as  nearly  in  .icconlaiice  with  the  law  and  regulations  as 
Iiossible.  These  regulations  are  intended  lo  aiiply  only  lo  llie  closed  seas  of  lHy4  and  are  not  lo  be  legardeil 
:•:  ;  a  complete  execution  of  the  authority  conferred  on  the  ICxeciitive  by  the  Act  of  Congress." 


MtK    "  M  \l'l)    S." 


fei 


T!*" 


A  Brkf  History  nf  thu  Hrih'nli  Coliimhin  !ii':)lin(/  Imliiatry 


445 


As  till'  law  WiiH  viry  |)lniiily  set  loitli,  lliu  sualors  ili|)ailfil  for  llic  scisoii's  triiisc  with  iiiiiii'  ol  llit 
iiin'crlaiiilU's  ivKanliiiK  llnii  li^lils  wlmh  liail  InmhliMl  tlicni  in  privimis  yrais,  Iml  mirortiiiiatclv  llic  prire  of 
skins  was  so  low  in  iHi;(  lliat  li'w  ol  lliuni  niaik'  an\  money.  Tilt.'  nanios  ol  llic  vcssoK  ami  miMi  iiina^;c(l  in  tin.' 
work  is  licri-witli  Kivi-'ii,  loHctlier  with  the  i-atcli  lor  tlif  season,  the  f;oin|pilalion  liein^  made  Ironi  records  in  the 
shippinj;  master's  oflice  an<l  fr(nn  the  ofluial  reports:  Oyoir  ami  l/nllii  .  'I'liomas  Ivirl,  owner  ;  Thomas  Manneson. 
master;  John  Johnson,  mate;  I.  II.  Pamphlet,  A.  II.  Jones,  IC.  Uamlose,  John  Coltsfcjid,  I'iIim  Ilaake,  JanitS 
Shields,  hunters;  Japan  1,7,VV  Copper  Island  ly'i;  total  i.ijix;.  .Iiiiiir  /;'.  I'liiiil :  Iv  II.  Marvin,  r>wner  ;  A.  R. 
Ilissett,  master;  A.J.  Taylor,  mate;  VV.  K.  Cardid',  Charles  Newman.  Kohert  W-r^e,  C.eorne  I.onlield,  William 
(iri^K,  Diiniel  Howe,  (Jlto  Koppacheii,  hmiters  ;  Jap.m  l,.(i;7.  I'opper  Island  s.V  ;  total  2,ojH.  I'ilcii  :  Thomas 
Marl,  owner;  Miihael  Keel'e,  master;  John  Iv  Noel,  mate;  Tom  Dasey,  seconil  mate;  Indian  ercw  ;  Japan  ()ll, 
Herin^  Sea  'i  pi  ;  total  f,.S57.  Rosir  Chtii  ;  Mnnroe,  owner;  A.  li. 
Whidden,  master;  C  .Mcl.e.m,  mate;  Indian  erew  ;  Japan  i,i'i.V  lierinn 
Sea  ■S'^ri;  total  i,H(iv.  (inin'a:  William  O'l.eaiy,  master  ;  J.  Siteman, 
mate;  C.  Keel,  Daniel  Ualew,  John  I  lemieherry.  A.  St.  Claire,  Thomas 
Donnherty,  II.  Oshorne,  T.  Mdwards,  hnnters  ;  Japan  i,c«j2.  Copper 
Island  s.S^  '■  '"'''1  ' /'.S".  Ih'aiin  :  (i.  Collinw,  owner  ;  A.  Nelson,"'  master  ; 
ll.ins  lilaekisted,  mate;  J.  M.  Uyan,  W.  Nishet,  (1.  MahhinHton,  U.  S 
Kantrell,  John  liei^en,  hnnters  :  Japan  i  ,c/il.  Copper  Islaml  |.Vi ;  total 
j,,V)l-  .S (//>/>// //(■,•  J.  Ci.  Cox,  owner;  William  Cox,'  master;  Knpert 
Cox.  mate;  Indian  crew;  Japan  ,s,vs,  HeriiiH  Sc;i  2,r()s;  total  2.i<.\'<. 
('iiuo :  Oeor^e  Collins,  owner;  Otto  linclioltz,  master;  W.  .Mnnnjc, 
male;  Iv  C.  Stratford,  second  mate;  John  Christian,  William  Ivlwanls, 
K.  J.  Herlram,  X.  W.  Conret/,  W.  lieckman,  hnnters;  Jajpan  i.iyj'i. 
I'rrn  :  Iv  It.  Marvin,  owner;  W.  Shields,  master;  h'rank  Merliner, 
mate;  .\I.  .McKen/ie,  second  m;ite  ;  1'.  Jeffries,  James  Aronom,  James 
I,oesen,  VV.  Knox,  hnnters;  Japan  r.073,  lierin>;  Sea  l<j,s  ;  total  1  J7i>, 
/;'.  II.  .Uoniii  ;  C.  Marvin,  owner;  C.  J.  Harris,"  master;  J. lines  .\iken,  mate 
Oondie,  W.  (iondie,  Thomas  Sliimisn,  hnnters;  Jap.'in  j.iiS,  //',  /'.  Hall:  J, 
Heater,  mate;  l-'nink  I'ratt,  John  C.  .McDon.dd,  J.'imes  H.ilch.  ().  lintt.  Joi... 
A.  lintt,  hnnters;  Japan  -m.  I .ibbie :  Charles  Hackett,  owner;  I'Ved  Ilackett,  master;  W.  I).  .\Icl)onnall, 
mate;  James  Kiiddeidiam,  second  mate;  M.  Thompson,  Thomas  Hrown,  II.  lirowii,  John  Townsen<l,  Hardey 
Mnrray,  Fred  White,  lienjamin  Oallop,  ,\I.  Collinson,  hnnters;  Japan  r,(iiip,  Copi>er  Island  jno;  total  1,210. 
/Iiuralis ;  deorj^e  Meyer,  master;  A.  Waslier;^,  male;  C.  II.  Olseii,  C.  Nonl,  liiniters;  Indian  crew;  Japan  ,50;!, 
lieriiiK  Sea  1 , 1  pj  ;  total  i,4.S2.  k'nlheniw :  \.  (lonld  anil  C.  Warren,  owners;  .\.  (lonld,  master,  A.  .Slerlinj;, 
male;  Indian  crew;  Japan  2'i(>,  MeriiiK  Sea  1  ,"Si;  ;  total  i.,;.'.S.  M.invll :  .Sieward  vSt  Street,  owners; 
H.  1'".  Sieward,  master;  V..  I.oren/.  mate;  N.  Mull,  hunter;  Indian  crew;  Japan  s.s^',  Heiin^  Sea  51s;  total  imv 
Aritii-s  :  Abel  DoUKlass,  master  and  owner;  John  Ivvans,  male;  A.  I,.  O'Brien,  Alex  Me;irns,  William  T'ole)', 
CicorKe  DonKlass,  Alfred  Donglass,  A.  .Mathison,  hnnters;  Japan  I.iiy7,  lierin^  Sea  i;i  ;  total  i,2.S,H.  I'morilt- : 
I,ant;hlin  Mcl.ean,  master;  Owen  Thomas,  mate;  N.  I*.  Nelson,  second  mate;  Indi.in  crew;  Japan  (mf),  Herinj; 
Sea  1,240;  total  i,.S.(6.  Sinlic  '/'urpii;  I).  Cami)l)ell,  niananiiiK  owner;  Charles  I,e  Hl.inc,  master;  ().  M. 
l.nndherK,  niate  ;  Martin  Ilaninn,  Charles  I'ike.  Henry  Pike,  Colin  .McI)onnal.  hnnters;  Japan  1,7X3,  Copper 
Island  171;  total  i.osl.  Sun  Josr  .  Michael  h'oley,  master;  Oeorj^e  Dnmphy,  male:  Thomas  1  )ony;liertv, 
hunter:  Indian  crew;  Japan  20,  Bering  Sea  >;p):  total  .SOo.  .hii//r  ('.  .Udoir :  Charles  llackclt,  master  and 
owner  ;  Thomas  Uudderham,  mate  :  S.  Olsen,  .second  male  ;  I).  Ilerj^ety,  hnnter  ;  J;ipan  ,V"J,  Herin).;  Sea  i.'i\7  : 
total  2,2,sf>.  I.ouis,!  .  C.  I).  I.adil.  owner;  John  Muckler.  master;  Jidin  W.ilsli,  m:ite  :  Joseph  Williams,  Jesse 
Williams,  P.  Ilannnil,  P.  Peterson,  Fred  Talhot,  Harry  I,nnd,  hnnters.  Pciiclopi  :  Fstale  o(  I).  I'npihart, 
owner;    I.nke  Mctirath,  '  master:   Thomas  .Stewart,  mate;    h'rancis  Curran,  Charles  Iv   B;irrel,   Patrick    p'ahev. 


SIAI.s   I.N    ItlHI.M, 


.\I  itthew  M<'(".rath,  Ivlwaid 
B.  Brown,  m:ister  ;  William 
A.    Aitchie,    Charles    Keel, 


M 


f . 

)    ' 
I'  1 


^■'Ciipl.  A.  Ni-lsdii  was  lioni  in  Swcdfii  in  iSs.S  miuI  lias  In-cii  ciumiccIciI  \\\\\\  ihc  niarint*  biisiiii'ss  Coi  Iwi-iitv  tlnir  vcirs,  Ifi- 
s.iiU-il  ill  various  pails  ol  llii-  woi  lil  uiilil  lSS\,  wlifii  In-  caiin'  lo  iln-  iNnilic  Coast  ami  coitinu-nct'ii  riitiiiitiL;  iioilli  Iniiii  San  |-'t;nifisi  <». 
Sliortlv  altcTwanl  lii*  hf^ati  sailinj.^  out  of  Vntoiia  on  simHuj;  sihorjm-is,  and  has  incnlly  hiTii  ccKiiuili-cl  with  the  l>iantt. 

'■  Capl.  William  Cox  wrv-  li-rn  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1S55  atnl  lias  lu't'ii  (.'n^a^^ril  in  llie  inaiine  Imsiness  lor  nt'arly  twi'iity  yrars. 
Mr  coniinL'nci'tl  sealing'  in  lie  Nmlliwst  on  thu  srhoont-r  .Si//'/'///r/',  which  Ik*  hassailt'ti  (or  several  years,  always  nicclinj^' with 
sui'cc'ss  and  I'oniinj^  into  port  \  t.  the  clo.si  of  each  season  with  a  calcli  ahiivc  the  a\cra^c. 

''  Capt.  Charles  j.  I  larr  ■(  >vas  Ik*  i  mi  Kastjirnt,  Me  .  in  iS'^>7,  an'I  coninieiH  cd  .uoinj^  to  sea  in  jSSi .  1 1(*  wis  one  o|  tlie  crew 
of  the  t'Aishru  ('lifif>it  wreckt  1  mi  Islni  'I  Marlior  in  iSSa,  and  a  year  later  was  on  Hie  sehcpoiier  'fn^il,  wn-cked  at  Whitehead.  In 
1.SS6  he  came  roniid  the  Morn  in  the  si  lioniier  .S(//>/'///;v',  on  arrivin).,'  at  Victoria  rem  lined  aslutre  tor  a  couple  ol  \ears.  and  llieii 
started  sealing  w  ith  the  Siip/>/utt\  maki  i><  a  latch  ol"  2,2S0  The  lollowinj^  vcar  lu-  was  not  so  successful,  hut  in  iSt^-',  while  sealiiij^ 
r)n  the  coast  alone  with  the  Afarv  Taylor,  his  catch  w.is  9.1  i.  The  following;  year  he  took  the  Mux  lulle  to  llir  [ajian  loast.  retnriiini^ 
wilh  i,Hs2  skins,  and  in  iHt^j  look  the  /'.'.  A*.  Miu  viii  to  I  he  same  ;.;  rounds,  sccnrinj.;  2, 1  |H  skins. 

"I'apl.  I.nke  Mc(iralh  was  horn  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  iS^)[,  Jiiid  when  a  l.o\  of  lirieeii  <  funuiem  td  -^ailiii^-  out  of 
I  doucesler  (tn  the  sihooiier  fxiriir.  He  followed  the  water  on  the  Atlantic  (,  Oast  until  jS^n,  when  he  c.nnc  to  Vi<  tot  ja,  and  hein^  .1 
piactical  navij^^ator  had  no  dillicully  in  securing  crnnniand  ol  sealiiij;  st  hooners.  He  handled  sever. il  of  the  hest  known  \cssels  in 
the  Vi(  toria  llei-t,  and  in  iSi^j  had  coniniani!  '■!  ihe  schooner  h'loytth,-  M.  Smith.     The  Smith  was  iale  in  arriving  from  Nova  Scotia 


id   made  hut  a  small  c.itch  in  iHt^.j.  hut  she  si.trted  ont  in  charge  (d'  Cajttain  McC.rath  early  in  iSy5.  carrying;  a  ere 
ad  Ihirty-six  Iniliaiis,  and  will  no  donht  return  with  a  i^ood  catch. 


w  ol   nine  w 


hile 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


l^|28     |2.5 

in  1.8 


U    il.6 


I 


& 


% 


/a 


/a 


%y 


/^ 


'^ 


7 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Cbrporation 


V 


^ 


SJ 


<^ 


*• 

*> 
* 


c> 


23  WeSi  :f  MN  STRffT 

WMSTER.N.Y.  14580 

(716)S72-4503 


i 


6^ 


446 


Lewis  <J  Drydens  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Daniel  Horby,  Thomas  Galey,  hunters;  Japan  1.306,  Copper  Island  296;  total  1,602.  Saucy  Lass;  Robert 
Crowell,  master;  Daniel  Martin,  mate;  Indian  crew;  Japan  170,  Hering  Sea  668;  total  83H.  Viva:  William 
Mnnsie.  owner;  J.  W.  Anderson,  master;  Stradford,  first  mate;  Robert  Cordick,  second  mate;  John  Pike,  John 
Cohen,  G.  Heffernian,  James  Loners,  James  Carey,  Dingle,  hunters;  Japan  1,437.  /•'<""  Sifward ;  D.  Sieward, 
owner;  K.  Cole,  master;  Samuel  Pike,  mate;  Samuel  Verge,  H.  Jacobscn,  George  Johnson,  George  Bromley, 
Mark  P.urton,  George  Pedler,  John  Ilroniley,  hunters;  Jai)an  2,384.  .-Iiirora,-  Thomas  Harold,  owner  and 
master;  Harry  I.unn,  mate;  P.  Carlton,  D.  Marling,  M.  McArvin,  Dave,  hunters;  Japan  693,  Copper  Island  21, 
Hering  Sea  217;  total  1)31.  Pioneer:  W.  Iv.  Paker  and  A.  J.  Bechtel,  owners;  W.  E.  Baker,  master;  Daniel 
Butler,  Ben  Stone,  mates;  John  Mathews,  William  Downing,  Thomas  Mathews,  William  Anderson,  William 
Greigg,  Sherman  White,  hunters;  Japan  418,  Copper  Island  1,263;  total  1,681.  Mary  Taylor:  A.J.  Bechtel, 
owner:  \\.  P.  Robbins.  master;  Charles  H.  Nicholson.  John  McCormack,  mates;  Alva  Brown,  Sanuiel  Howman, 
N.  Allen.  H.  Robb,  hunters;  Japan  874,  Copper  Island  250;  total  1,124.  Ihalriir :  Captain  Grant,  owner: 
1)  G.  McCauley.  master;  C.  McLean,  mate;  Indian  crew;  Japan  1,703.  Walter  I..  Rich:  (ieorge  Munroe, 
owner;  Scott  Balconi,  master;  Richard  W.  Cardiff,  mate;  Samuel  Hornian,  Ivlward  Davis,  George  Scott, 
William  Anderson,  L.  Carlson,  J.  L.  Toiirey,  John  i).  De  lories,  hunters;  Japan  691.  Bering  Sea  1.749;  total 
2,440.  Ainoko :  Capt.  W.  Grant,  owner  :  George  Heater,  master:  Josiah  Gosse.  mate;  Indian  crew  ;  Jajian  467, 
Bering  Sea  1,657;  total  2,124.  Shelby:  John  W.  Searle.  owner;  Frederick  Jones,  master;  Daniel  McRea,  mate; 
Indian  crew  ;  Japan  34,  Bering  Sea  377  ;  total  41 1.  Waller  A.  liarle  .■  Thomas  ICarle,  owner  :  Louis  Magneson, 
master;  C.  Clausen,  mate;  Indian  crew;  Japan  1,471,  Bering  Sea  672  ;  total  2,143.  Iheiida  :  J.  M.  Leppcott. 
owner;  Colin  IC.  Locke,  master;  John  Collier,  mate;  Robert  Fudge,  Abraham  Ballard,  L.  N.  John.son,  John 
Snow,  Robert  Spencer,  George  Dishaw.  Fred  Somerton,  hunters;  Japan  2,383.  Copper  Island  343;  total   2,726. 


*L 


W^?"   '"r"sTw'-''*i3o« 


i 


*^<NS2--"' 


II 


i 


Victoria  Skali.n<.  I-i.kkt  in  Winpkk  ijiakthrs 

.SVif  /.ion  :  Ci^iirge  Collins,  owner;  Andrew  Nelson,  master;  August  Reppa,  mate;  S.  Lund,  cook:  Iv  Dranoiid. 
.\.  W.  Acland.  H.  Beckley,  Alex  Dingnell.  .S.  Martin,  Inmlers.  Mary  l-Ulen  :  W.  O.  Jacobson,  owner: 
H.  \'.  .'luglies.  master;  Nels  Moor,  mate;  A.  Gerow,  James  Cessford,  C.  O.  Burns.  George  Wells,  C.  W. 
Cessford,  John  MahalTey,  hunters  ;  Japan  1,905,  Copper  Island  86,  Bering  Sea  457  :  total  2.452.  Minnie  :  \'ictor 
lacobson.  master  and  owner;  Japan  4S8.  Bering  Sea  1.665;  total  2,153.  Wntiire  :  I),  rniuliart.  owner;  Julius 
Morehouse,  master:  A.  Peterson,  mate  ;  Indian  crew:  Bering  Sea  91)9.  /■".  I/.  Smilli :  Capt.  C.  J.  Kelly,  owner: 
John  Allen,  master:  John  Cari)enter.  mate;  Robert  Campbell,  second  mate;  Charles  Kline.  John  Soper.  John 
I'ynn.  William  Ilennerbery.  George  Naugh.  David  Tail,  Charles  Pike,  hunters;  Jajian  96,  Copper  Island  81  : 
total  177  Mermaid ;  Whiteley  and  Stevenson,  owners  :  W.  H.  Whiteley.  master  ;  George  House,  mate  :  Stephen 
.Martin.  j.W.  .\ekerman,  James  Bishoj).  Richard  Cain.  Charles  Copeland.  Hiram  Robertson,  hunters;  Japan 
I  6115.  Copper  Island  503:  total  2.106.  '/'Iieresa :  P.  Babbington.  owner;  P'red  Gilbert,  master:  Thomas  Desmond, 
mate  ;  Richard  Gilbert,  John  Gilbert,  Joseph  Gilbert,  Isaac  Bowser,  David  Byres,  Stepheti  Baker,  Daniel  Rogers, 
hunters:  Japan  1,102.  Copper  Island  i2ci;  total  i,2J2.  Labrador:  Whiteley  and  Stevenson,  owners;  J.  J. 
Whiteley,'"  master ;  Henry  Parsons,  mate:  Indian  crew  ;  Japan  308,  Bering  ,Sea  560  ;  total  868.  /('.  /'.  Sayivaid : 
Sunderland  and  I'niuhart,  owners;  G.  R.  Ferey,  master;  M.  Ilallgren,  mate;  Henry  .duniason,  C.  Dahlberg, 
1'".  H.  Warrington.  Frank  Braman,  Oliver  Jackson,  H.  Mountain,  hunters;  Japan  6u6,  Copper  Island  35;  t;)tal 
641.  A^nes  MiPonald ;  John  Collister  and  M.  I'.  Cutler,  owners:  M.  F.  Cutler,  master;  Patrick  Martin,  mate: 
Charles  Williams  ilosti,  L.  W.  .Morrow,  John  Amlerson,  Thomas  Cummings,  Ivdward  I'ursen,  Isaac  ().  (Juinn, 


'"Capt.  J.  J.  Wliiteluv,  n  yominer  tirotlier  of  Ciqit.  \V.  II.  W'liilclfv  of  llic  Mennaul,  w.is  liorii  in  Uiielicc  in  iSh;.  Wliik- 
vounH.  1"^  l'"s  I'ail  coiisiilcrahli'  expuneiicc  on  tlif  «ali'r,  loiiiiiieiuiii;,'  al  llii'  am'  of  sislt't'ii  on  lisliiiin  Mlioonurs  on  lliu  Ninvfoiitiillainl 
banks.  He  came  lo  N'ioloria  in  iSSg,  was  first  cfHinecttMl  willi  Uii-  I'ftetesa,  ami  .'ifterwanl  joiiifil  tlit'  si'Iiooner  l.uhiatloi ,  in  wliit-li 
liis  lirotluT  liail  an  interist.     lli;  look  oonmiaiiil  of  this  silioonur  when  Capt,  W.  II.  Wliittlt'y  liroii^lit  ont  llic  Mrmiaid. 


A  BrifiF  History  of  the  British  Cohimbia  Sealinij  Industry 


Liiss :  Robert 
'I'vti :  William 
Im  Pike,  John 
;  D.  Steward, 
)rge  Bromley, 
(1,  owner  ami 
ijier  Island  21, 
laster;  Daniel 
;rson,  William 
A.  J.  Heclitel, 
iiuel  Hownian, 
Srant,  owner  ; 
eorge  M  nil  roc, 
George  Scott, 

;a  1,749;  *"''>' 
w  ;  Japan  467, 
McRea,  male  ; 
mis  Magneson, 
.  M.  I.eppcott, 
Johnson,  John 
T, ;  total   2,726. 


;»i'i!r~-'^^' 


-v-^Bfe 


Iv  nranoiul, 
■obson,   owner  ; 
Wells,  C.  \V. 
Minnie:  Victor 
owner  ;  Jnlins 
Kelly,  owner; 
hn  Soper,  John 
)per  Island  Hi  . 
mate  :  Slephen 
hnnters  ;  Japan 
lonias  Desmond. 
Daniel  Rogers, 
owners  ;    J.J. 
ir.  /'.  Saymiid: 
m.  C.  D-ihlberg, 
and  .',5  ;  t;>tal 
k  Martin,  mate  ; 
Isaac  O.  Oniini, 


lec  ill  1S67.     Wliik- 
llie  Ni'wrouiiilliiiiil 
f.ii/ii,ii/i<i,  in  wliii-li 
'ruHttiii. 


WlJ.l.    KNiiWN    MASn-.RS   IN    Till'.    Nt  IH  1  M  U  KS  I  KM  N    SKAI.INU    I'I.KKT 


ii 


"-p^s?^? 


mm 


448 


Lewis  (f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Ernest  Miner,  hunters;  Japan   1.707,  Copper  Island  471  ;  total  a, 178.     Ocean  lielk :  Thomas  O'Leary,  master: 

A.  N.  Seaton,"  mate  ;  John  Olossen,  second  mate ;  E.  Glanson,  K.  Jackson.  A.  Dallery  (lost),  H.  Balcom,  lulgni 
Smiley  (died  on  board),  William  Hennerbery,  hunters ;  Japan  530,  Copj)er  Island  274 ;  total  804.  /  'mbriiui . 
G.  M.  Peppett,  owner;  Charles  Campbell,  master;  E.  H.  McNeill,  Robert  Purser,  Darius  Berry,  Thomas  Garner, 
hunters  ;  Japan  2,588,  Copper  Island  153,  Bering  Sea  60  ;  total  2,801.  Triumph ;  C.  A.  Marvin,  owner  ;  Clarence 
Co..,  master  ;  Edward  McDonald,  mate  ;  Indian  hunters  ;  British  Columbia  1,320,  Bering  Sea  3,240  ;  total  4,560  : 
largest  catch  on  record.  Wanderer;  Henry  Paxton,"  master ;  H.  R.  C.  Smith,"  mate;  Indian  hunters;  Japan 
400.  May  Utile;  William  Munsie,  owner;  E.  C.  Shields,"  master;  John  Murdock,  mate;  R.  Conn,  Arthur 
Griffin,  Joseph  Morrell,  A.  Hourier,  hunters:  Japan  925,  Copper  Island  907  ;  total  :  £-«2.  Otic;  William  Munsie, 
owner ;  John  Mcl.eod,  master ;  Duncan  Webber,  mate ;  J.  Mathews,  J.  Byei..,  A.  Hutt,  C.  H.  White, 
S.  Colloison,  E.  Payne,  Jacob  Rogers,  Edward  Bennett,  Alex  Miit,  Samuel  Collinson,  hunters;  Japan  1,014. 
Copper  Island  623;  total  i,<)37.  City  of  San  Diego;  Mark  Pike,  master;  George  Roberts,  Henry  Crocker. 
Walter  Shaw,  John  J.  Kent,  hunters;  Japan  1,304,  Copper  Island  250;  total  1,554.  South  liend ;  C.  F.  Dillon, 
ma.ster;  M.  Thompson,  mate;  Indian  crew.  Enterprise:  Oscar  Scarf,  master;  Alfred  McDougall,  mate;  Charles 
Francis,  George  Derby,  Daniel  Lewis,  Neil  Morrison,  J.  Iv.  Rivers,  S.  D.  Lswis,  hunters;  Japan  1,254,  Copper 
Island  314;  total  1,568.  C.  D.  Rand;  Olof  Westerland,  master;  Charles  Bowman,  Robert  Bullock,  J.  G. 
Searle,  William  Tyson,  David  Jones,  Frank  Kelly,  C.  F.  Lundy,  hunters ;  Japan  357.  l.ouis  Olsen  ;  R.  F. 
Guilliams,'' master ;  F.  I.upp.  mate;  O.  A.  Copeland,  N.  I..  Guilliams,  F.  Lewis,  Y.  C.  Davis,  W.  L  Ivmery, 
J.  Knapp,  hunters;  Japan  435,  Bering  Sea  84;  total  519.  Maud  S.;  Elford  &  Smith,  Brown  Brothers  and 
Captain  McKiel,  owners  ;  R.  E.  McKiel,  master  ;   I'eter  Soussiant,  mate  ;  James  Harrison,  second  mate  ;  Charles 

B.  Speer,  William  Moore,  James  McRae,  John  Bi.shop,  Jacob  Morgan,  Max  I^  Clair,  hunters;  Japan  1,34.^ 
Copper  Island  86  ;  total  1.429. 

Other  schooners  not  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  list  were  the  Carlotta  G.  Cox,  Capt.  W.  D.  Byers,'"  with 
1,947  from  Japan  ;  k'ate.  Japan  79,  Bering  Sea  867,  total  946  ;  Hem ietta,  Japan  315,  Bering  Sea  767,  total  i.oSj  ; 
Kilmeny.  Bering  Sea  634  :  Mountain  Chief,  Japan  175  ;  and  Fisher  Maid,  Japan  92.  The  remarkable  catch  of  tlie 
Triumph  in  Bering  Sea  was  made  in  a  little  over  a  month's  hunting,  the  '  :hooner  carrying  eight  whites  and 
thirty-six  Indians  and  working  seventeen  canoes.  In  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  international  agreement, 
the  masters  of  schooners  operating  in  Bering  vSea  were  required  to  enter  in  their  log-books  the  latitude  and 
longitude  where  the  operations  of  any  day  on  which  .seals  were  taken  were  carried  on.  A  record  was  also  kept  of 
the  number  of  males  and  females  secured,  the  result  showing  that  a  much  larger  proportion  of  the  former  were 
killed  than  had  been  generally  claimed  by  those  interested  in  the  protection  of  the  fur  l)earers,  the  total  catch  of 
the  Victoria  fleet  in  Bering  Sea  showing  11,705  males  and  14.636  females.  Collector  Milne  of  X'ictoria,  in  his 
official  report,  states  that  the  Bering  Sea  catch  was  madt  outside  the  sixty-mile  protected  zone,  in  latitudes  55^^, 
56°  and  58°,  and  longitude  from  171°  to  175°,  hunting  teing  carried  on  from  the  first  of  August  to  the  middle  of 
September.  On  the  Japan  coast  sealing  liegan  in  about  latitude  36°  and  continued  north,  the  fleet  snflering  none 
of  the  interruptions  recently  experienced  by  those  operating  in  territory  adjacent  to  Russian  waters.  All  the 
vessels  kept  well  outside  the  thirty-mile  zone  and  worked  mainly  southeast  of  Copper  Island.     The  fleet  on  the 


"  Capt.  Alex  N.  Seaton  wns  l>orii  ill  Scotlaiul  ill  iS6i  and  ronimeiiced  sailiuK  out  of  European  ports  when  thirteen  years  i>r 
a){e,  reniaiiiiiiK  in  the  deep-water  service  until  lie  reaclie<l  the  position  of  iiiatiter.  He  came  to  Victoria  several  years  hkc  was  first 
envaKed  on  the  schooner  (,'eneva,  ami  has  since  served  as  mate  anil  master  on  several  well  known  schooners  sailing;  out  of  British 
Columbia's  western  tuetropolis. 

'■'Ci  )t.  Henry  I'axtoii  is  a  native  of  KiiKland  and  has  had  over  twenty  years' experience  on  the  sea.  He  first  arrived  in 
Victoria  in  1,477  and  is  one  of  the  oM  school  of  sealiu);  captains,  his  first  en>;aKement  in  this  line  of  marine  business  having;  been  on 
the  old  schooner  /;«»«//<».  He  has  had  command  of  the  Wiinderi'r  for  a  considerable  leiiKth  of  time,  and,  with  the  exception  of  liir 
uiiwarraiiteil  seizure  in  1S94,  the  vessel  has  ma<le  a  Kood  record  while  in  his  charge. 

"Capt.  H.  R.  C.  Smith  was  born  in  Itrcslau,  Prussia,  in  1SS7.  He  came  to  this  country  shortly  afterwaril  anil  bewail  bis 
marine  career  in  1876  on  the  I'raser  Kiver  as  deckhand  on  the  steamer  (Heiiora.  He  was  also  on  the  steamers  Hi'liaiicr  ami  A'lyu/ 
City,  and  continued  steamboatiii);  until  1S79,  when  he  went  on  l)oaril  the  old  sealiiiK  schooner  tilatl:  t)iaifit>Hi/  for  two  years.  In 
iH,S[  and  1S81  he  was  in  charge  of  Capt.  J.  I).  Warren's  sealing  station,  and  in  •Hiijt,  commanded  the  schooner  Aniiir  llitk.  Wliiii 
the  steamship  Sardonyx  enle.eit  the  China  trade  in  i.S,S4.  he  ship))eil  as  i|uarterni.-isttr.  and  on  leavins  her  was  in  the  mercanlili 
business  for  three  years,  lii  |S,S7  he  went  out  as  master  of  the  'Iriinnpli,  the  smallest  sealer  that  ever  left  Victoria  for  IleriiiK  Sea 
In  iS.SS  he  had  charRe  of  the  iUatk  IHamonJ,  in  iSSy  was  mate  on  the  Ariil,  and  in  1S911  aj/aiii  master  of  the  Itlatk  Diainoml  uuiltr 
her  new  name,  h'ullierinr.  In  iSyi  he  commanded  the  I'ltitnn',  in  1S92  the  Mahel,  in  iSy^was  h  hunter  on  the  T/iiiesa,  ami  in 
1S94  mate  of  the  ll'andiiii. 

"Capt.  K.  C.  Shields  was  born  in  California  in  1861  and  has  had  an  exjierieuce  of  fifteen  years  in  the  marine  business.  Ilf 
commeiued  sealing  out  of  Victoria  on  the  I'riumfh  in  i,S86,  and  has  since  been  continuously  eiigaKed  in '.he  business,  always 
meeting  with  success.     He  has  recently  been  in  coinmand  of  the  schooner  May  Utile. 

"Capt.  R.  I'".  Ciuilliaiiis  was  born  in  Iowa  in  1862  and  commenced  senliiix  on  the  schooner  Kale  ami  Anna  in  1HS6.  In  |8S8  lie 
was  in  the  coasting  trade  on  the  schooner  6>ii/;i,v  //.  Chance  for  a  year  ami  was  next  on  the  I'cnelofie  from  Victoria.  In  iSyi  ami 
lS()2  he  was  euKageil  on  the  schooner  Cenrva.  and  ill  1893  took  charge  of  the  .schooner  l.onis  Olsen,  formerly  the  llriti.sh  steanii  r 
Holphin.  He  reached  Victoria  late  in  LSg^  with  the  OIscm,  after  liavinK  sealed  on  the  Japan  coast  and  haviiiK  been  to  the  ninsi 
westerly  islands  of  the  Aleutian  group,  thence  to  .Alaska  and  Bering  .Sea.  Captain  CuiPiams  died  very  suddenly  at  Victoria  in 
December,  1H94. 

'"Capt.  William  I).  Byers  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  186,^  ami  commenced  going  to  .sea  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  reaching  tin- 
position  of  master  soon  after  attaining  his  majority.  He  commenced  sealing  out  of  Victoria  in  18.S6  on  the  schooner  /'allijindcr  ami 
afterward  had  coinmaml  of  several  other  well  Icnown  schooners,  making  his  best  record  on  the  Carltilta  (i.  Cox,  which  be 
handled  very  successfully  until  iHgi,  when  he  exchanged  commands  with  Capt.  Charles  Harris  of  the  A.  A'.  ,1Ai»!';h.  Captain 
Byers  left  for  the  japan  coast  with  the  latter  schooner  early  in  189.S  with  a  crew  of  twenty-six  men.  He  is  a  thorough  navigator,  ami 
is  very  well  posted  ou  all  details  of  the  sealing  business,  a  fact  which  has  much  to  do  with  the  size  of  the  catches  he  has  brought 
into  port. 


A  Brief  Histcy  of  the  Britisfi  Columbia  Sealing  Imluatry 


449 


British  Columbia  coast  commenced  about  latitude  ,17°,  returning  to  port  in  May  and  remaining  there  until  ready- 
to  enter  Dering  Sea.  Of  the  fifty-nine  vessels  operating,  only  thirty-two  went  into  the  sea.  The  entire  catch  of 
the  Victoria  .schooners  on  the  coast  of  Oregon,  Washington  and  British  Columbia  was  1 1,703.  on  the  Japan  coast 
48,993,  Copper  Isliiiiil  7,437,  Bering  Sea  26,341,  making  a  total  of  94,474  skins,  employed  in  securing  which  were 
818  whites  and  518  Indians. 

But  two  seizures  were  made  in  1894,  the  \\'<ni<1eier  and  Favorite,  both  of  which  were  afterward  rclea.sed, 
the  charge  of  entering  Bering  Sea  without  having  tlieir  arms  properly  sealed  being  unsubstantiated.  The  sealers 
suffered  considerable  iuconvenieiu-e  and  loss  and  on  arrival  at  \'ictoria  filed  claims  for  damages.  Two  American 
schooners,  the  C.  C.  Perkins  and  tlie  Purilnn.  were  .seized  off  Cape  Flattery  in  June  by  the  revenue  cutter  Grant. 
They  were  not  only  guilty  of  taking'  seals  out  of  season,  but  were  also  using  shotguns.  They  escaped  on  the  plea 
that  they  had  not  been  officially  notified  of  the  new  regulations. 

The  well  known  Seattle  schooner  Henry  Dennis,  Capt.  Iv.  I'.  Miner,  was  wrecked  in  Japan  waters  in  April, 
1894,  striking  on  a  reef  at  Sabatsu  Island.     Captain  Miner  furnished  the  following  account  of  the  disaster  :  "  Wc 

were  trying  to  make  a  har- 
bor in  the  fog  and  ran  on  a 
reef.  We  got  away  in  our 
boats,  and  later  rescued  the 
vessel's  catch  of  Sfii  skins 
and  the  ]>ersonal  effects  of 
the  crew.  The  wind  and 
.sea  later  drove  the  schooner 
upon  the  reef  and  her  keel 
w.-is  pounded  out  of  place. 
.She  virtually  split  in  two, 
iilthougb  wlien  I  .sold  her 
she  was  still  clinging 
together.  Wi-  were  eight 
hundred  miles  from  Yoko- 
h.-iina  and  had  a  very  bard 
time  getting  to  that  port. 
The  Ja]);inese  trans|)ortati<in 
company  tried  by  every 
means  in  their  i)owcr  to  lieat 
us,  and  with  our  bagjjagt- 
.".nd  seal  skins  we  had  a 
pretty  tough  time  of  it. 
None  of  the  crew  cana-  back 
with  nie  l)ut  ri.ni.-\!ii(  il  to 
sliip  (in  the  other  sc1ioi)1ki>. 
I  left  my  seal  skins  at 
Hakodate,  there  to  await 
orders  from  Seattle.  1 
IiatL'd  to  see  llie  /\iiii/>  go, 
for  she  was  a  good  vessel, 
and  I  had  sailed  her  for 
many  a  mile.  "  The //c// ]■ 
Deiiiiis  was  one  of  the  best  schooners  .sailing  from  the  Sound.  She  was  built  at  K.ssex  in  1S83  by  Messrs. 
Brown,  Pray  &  Norton  for  mackerel  fishing  off  Newfoundland,  and  was  brought  around  the  Horn  in  i,SS9by 
Capt  R.  C).  Lavender,  who  was  sent  from  X'ictoria  to  take  charge  of  her.  He  handled  her  for  two  seasons,  and 
she  was  then  purchased  by  a  .Seattle  man.  With  Captain  Miner  at  the  time  of  the  disaster  were  F.  M.  White, 
mate;  Louis  L.  Htzel,  J.  N.  Knapp,  F.  J.  Speer,  lulward  Cantillion,  J.  S.  Fanning  and  C.  W.  \'alkenburg, 
hunters;  and  sixteen  others.  The  Dennis  was  eighty-one  feet  long,  twenty-three  feet  three  inches  beam,  and 
eight  feet  four  inches  hold. 

If  there  is  any  truth  in  the  as.sertion  that  a  bad  beginning  is  indicative  of  a  good  ending,  the  Victoria  sealing 
fleet,  in  their  Copper  Island  and  Bering  .Sea  crni.ses  of  1895,  should  meet  with  record-breaking  success,  for  in  no 
previous  season  have  they  started  out  under  such  unfavorable  auspices.  The  coast  catch  has  been  the  lightest 
ever  known  considering  the  number  of  ve.s.sels  engag  ;d.  The  last  ve.s.sel  of  the  fleet  operating  off  the  coast  of 
Washington  and  British  Columbia  arrived  at  Victoria,  May  29th,  and  the  catch,  according  to  the  Victoria  Colonist, 
is  as  follows  :  Theresa,  Capt.  O.  Meyer,  102  skins  ;  Shelby,  Claussen,  124  ;  Pnehvallis,  J.  Nyetam,  66  ;  Labrador, 
J.  Williams,  51  ;  Amateur,  C.  Jipson,  65;  Mountain  Chief,  J.  Nawasum,  39;  Fisher  Maid,  C.  Chipps,  fo9  ; 
Kilmcny,  R.  Southby,  15  ;  Libbie,  F.  Hackett,  234  ;    Triumph,  C.  N,  Cox,  353;  Dora  Steward,  H.   F.   Sieward, 


'  WANUKHKK."    ■■  FAVttKiri-:,"    "  I'KNl-I.OI'K."    •'W.    F.   SaVW.AHD, 


i.j 


450 


Lewia  <J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Paoiflo  Northwest 


f,o3  ;  <^scar  and  Haltie,  T.  Magneson,  147  ;  Katherine,  Gould,  159;  Waller  L.  Rich,  S.  Balconi,"  145  ;  Aiinii 
C.  .Uooie.  C.  Hackett,  105  ;  Afaud  S.,  R.  E.  McKiel.  287  ;  .lurora,t.  Harold,"  108  ;  May  Belle,  K.  Shields,  2,14  : 
Viitoria,  R.  Balconi,  187  ;  C.  D.  Rand,  J.  J.  Whiteley,  143  ;  Enterprise,  J.  Daley,  221  ;  Saucy  Lass,  D.  Martin, 
257  ;  .Ainoko,  G.  Heater,  325  ;  ICate,  O.  BuchoU/.,  i8i  ;  Florence  Af.  Smith,  h.  McGratli,  285  ;  Sapphire 
William  Cox,  192  ;  Favorite,  \^.  McLean,  150  ;  Sanjosi',  143  ;  I'awn,  M.  Keefe,  248  ;  Beatrice,  D.  G.  Macaulay. 
230.  The  catch  of  the  Director,  a  recent  addition  to  the  fleet,  is  not  included  in  the  foregoing  list.  This  vessel 
was  brought  out  from  Halifax  by  Captain  Gilbert,  who  intended  to  go  direct  to  the  Japan  coast,  but  was  obliged  to 
alter  his  course  to  replenish  his  water  supply.  The  Director  left  Halifax,  with  a  crew  of  twenty-five  men, 
December  20,  1894,  and  on  reaching  the  Pallclands  forty-eight  days  later  commenced  sealing  and  secured  610 
skins  Ijefore  a  spell  of  bad  weather  compelled  a  suspension  of  operations.     Two  other  Halifax  .schooners,  the 

/furry  C.  JT.  and  Fortuna, 
also  started  around  the  Horn 
to  join  the  \'''ctoria  fleet  in 
1 895.  The  newcomers  were 
all  vessels  of  about  ninety 
tons  register,  well  built  and 
fast  sailers.  The  Nitnat 
Indians,  who  had  proven 
very  successful  sealers  in 
the  employ  of  the  whites, 
in  1895  entered  the  field  on 
their  own  account,  purcha.s- 
iiig  the  .schooners  Labrador. 
Pachwattis  and  .■Imateiir. 

The  revenue  cutter 
Cont'in  seized  the  Shelby. 
May  nth,  oflf  Queen  Char- 
lotte's Island,  and  turned 
her  over  to  H.  M.  ,S.  Pheasant 
at  Sitka.  The  Shelby  there 
received  orders  to  proceed 
to  Victoria  and  report  to  the 
collector.  The  seizure  was  made  through  the  Convin's  oflicers  being  unaware  that  the  British  Government  had 
decided  not  to  renew  the  agreement  with  the  United  States  respecting  the  sealing  of  arms  and  implements. 
Twenty-six  of  the  1895  fleet  went  direct  to  Japan,  with  505  whites  and  100  Indians,  and  the  coast  crews  include 
178  whites  and  602  Indians.  The  greater  numl)er  of  whites  in  the  vessels  going  to  Japan  is  accounted  for  by  the 
fact  that  firearms  will  be  used  there  while  spears  are  lUe  weapons  in  the  coast  operations. 

The  result  of  the  sea.son  on  the  Japan  coast,  while  far  from  satisfactory,  was  not  caused  by  a  scarcity  of 
seals  but  by  continued  bad  weather.  Capt.  J.  G.  Cox  returned  from  Yokohama,  July  24th,  bringing  the  following 
report  of  the  catch,  which  is  herewith  given  in  comparison  with  that  of  the  previous  year,  the  figures  first  given 
l)eing  the  1.S95  catch:  Diana  812,  1,961;  Rosie  Olsen  627,  1,043;  Viva  601,  1,437;  ^asco  1,309,  1,926;  Aj^ncs 
McDonald -/Xo,  1,707;  li.  B.  Marvin  946,  2,118;  Geneva  1,137,  '.092;  Carlotta  G .  Cox  i)o(^,  1.947  1  Ocean  Belle 
1,056,  330;  Umbrina  1,187,  2,558;  Sadie  Tiirpel  749,  1,783;  Annie  F..  Paint  1,124,  '.497  I  City  0/ San  Diego 
370,  ',304;  Alary  F.llen  797,  1,909;  Vera  853,  1,075;  Mermaid  1,156,  1,603;  totals  14,340,  25,490.  The 
catches  of  these  sixteen  schooners  this  season  compared  with  last  thus  show  a  difierence  of  1 1, 150  skins.  There 
was  an  etjual  dis|)arity  tietween  the  catches  of  the  American  schooners  this  year  and  last.  The  following  are  the 
figures  for  1H95  :  Sophie  Sutherland  193,  Penelope  210,  Josephine  306,  Louis  Olsen  627,  F.ninui  Louise  168,  Theresa 
338,  Anaconda  182,  M.  M.  Aforell  331,  IK  Ains;,orth  915,  Hermann  465,  /.  Fppiui;er  785,  Alton  299,  Rattler  3;;, 
Jane  Gray  i,\2^.  Afaltie  Ihiyer  661,  /da  /;V/a  575,  /louan:a  250,  /•..  B.  Webster -^Hi  \  total  9,206.  The  British 
Columbia  .schooners  Pioneer  847,  Borealis  733,  and  Afascot  787,  total  2,367,  were  not  on  the  Japan  coa.st  last  year. 
The  returns  of  the  Yohohama  schooners  are:  Arctic  220,  Retriever  562,  Golden  Fleece  642  ;  total  1,424. 

Commenting  on  this  result,  the  Japan  Mail  of  July  i  ith  says  :  "  The  sealing  season  on  the  coast  of  Japan 
being  now  over,  the  schooners  engaged  in  the  business  have  returned  and  sailed  again  for  northern  waters.  The 
results  of  the  season's  catch  have  fallen  very  short  of  expectations,  owing  to  the  continuance  of  strong  winds 
in  the  early  and  best  part  of  the  season,  during  which  hunting  operations  could  not  be  carried  on  ;  and,  although 
a  fair  amount  of  work  was  done  during  the  latter  part  of  the  .season,  the  number  of  seals  taken  is  far  short  of  that 

"  Capt.  n.  W.  S.  Balcom  was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  anil  baa  had  an  experience  of  nearly  twenty  years  as  a  mariner. 
Ifis  first  work  in  the  sealinf;  business  was  with  the  schooner  /)ora  Steward,  which  he  left  to  take  commanil  of  the  ll'after  L.  Ricli. 
of  which  be  is  still  master,  Roinx  with  her  to  the  Jap.in  coast  early  in  1895. 

"Capt.  Thomas  Harold  was  born  in  Finland  in  1S4S  and  lias  followed  the  marine  business  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  Hi- 
arriveil  at  N'icloria  about  fourteen  years  ago,  and  for  several  years  past  has  commanded  the  sealing  schooners  Aurora  and  Horealh, 
of  which  he  is  owner. 


"HKNRIBTTA,"  "'BKKN1>A,"  ",1'MimiNA,"  "OOSA  SlKWASD,"  "AllKBS  McUONALD,"   "UiiHIS" 
ANI>  "ANNIU  C.    M(>ORK"   IN  ViCTOHIA  llARHOK 


school 
few 
U'a/te 
e.xiste 

'4. 

/'avor. 

/.itbic 

lieen 

coast, 

of  th« 

miles 

subrae 

l)arom 

was  01 

rode 

McLc! 

the  wc 

still  ill 

were  11 

Louis 


the  sen 
k  nowM 


m 


A  Brief  History  of  the  British  Columbia  Sealing  Industry 


4SI 


of  last  year.    The  sealers  on  the  coast  of  Uritish  Columbia  have  been  equally  unfortunate  from  the  same  cause, 

having  had  to  contend  against  the   severest   gales  ever  experienced   on   that  coast,  with  the  result  that  the 

British  Columbia  catch  is  small  compared  with  that  of  previous  years.     Seals  were  found  to  be  plentiful  both  here 

and  on  the  other  side,  the  weather  alone  preventing  operations  being  carried  on.    Those  engaged  in  the  business 

now  look  forward  to  making  fair  catches  on  the  northern  trip,  but,  even  if  the  vessels  make  as  good  an  average  in 

the  north  as  in  former  years,  there   will   still   be  a  great  shortage  in  the  total  catch  for  the  sea.son,  and  the 

only  consolation  for  those  engaged  in  the  industry  is  that  prices  at  present  ruling  are  much  higher  than  those  of 

last  season.     The  few  schooners  from  Hakodate  this  year  did  fairly  well,  and  some  of  them  made  as  good  catches 

as  the  British  and  American  craft.     Some  ill  feeling,  it  is  said,  has  been  caused  by  Japan's  refusal  to  enter  into  an 

agreement  to  prohibit  i)elagic  sealing  on  the  high  sea  off  her  coasts.     Such  a  course  could  hardly  be  expected 

from  Japan,  apart  from  the  fact  that  such  methods  are  inconsistent  with  Japanese  ideas  of  justice,  to  say  nothing 

of  establishing  the  precedent  that  a  nation  or  combination  of  nations  can  close  the  high  .seas  to  the  prosecution  of 

a  merely  commercial  pursuit  when  no  national   emergency  justifies    the   action.     The  Japanese  Government 

granted  special  concessions  to  encourage  their  people  to  invest  money  in  the  sealing  industry,  and  this  has  already 

been  done,  .so  that  the  authorities  could  not  now  consistently  agree  to  close  the  Pacific  Ocean.     In  the  interest  of 

those  Japanese  who  have  invested  capital  in  sealing  vessels,  the  Government  should  do  all  in  its  power  to  protect 

the  seals  in  their  rookeries,  so  that  they  may  remain  undisturbed  during  the  breeding  time,  and  permit  pelagic 

scaling  only.     The  rookeries  in  the  possession  of  Japan  have  almost  been  destroyed  through  the  exterminating 

raids  made  upon  them  by  foreign  hunters  in  years  gone  by,  but  not  entirely  so.     In  fact,  if  properly  protected,  in 

a  very  few  years  the   recuperative 

power  of  these   animals  to  restock  |  '        '   '.   .    " ' 'W^>: 

the  once  swarming  rookeries  belong-  j.  '       i;?^ 

ing  to  Japan  would  become  apparent, 

and  a  valuable  article  of  commerce 

be  preserved  from  extinction  to  the 

lienefit  of  those  Japanese  engaged  in 

the  pursuit  of  the  fur  seal ;  for  there 

is   no   reason   why,  with  a  little 

experience,  the  schooners  under  the 

Rising  Sun   flag  should  not  do  as 

well  as  the  best  of  the   British  or 

American  craft.     The  course  the 

Government  of  Japan  has  thought 

proper  to  adopt  in  this  matter  has 

been   in   the  interest  of  its  people, 

and  has  not  been  influenced  by  the 

action  of  other  countries." 

The  well  known  Victoria 
schooner  Sj/zui  Hand\\  for  the  past 
few  years  sailing  under  the  name 
Walter  A.  Jiarle,  was  swept  out  of 
existence,  with  all  on  board,  April 
14,  1895.  With  the  schooners 
Favoiile,  Captain  McLean,  and  the 
l.itbif,  Captain  Hackett,"'  she  had 
been  following  the  seals  up  the 
coast,  and  on  the  thirteenth  all  three 
of  the  vessels  were  about  thirty 
miles  off  the  I'appalonas,  a  small 
submerged  reef  to  the  .south  of  Cape  St.  Klias.  The  weather  was  fine  in  the  morning,  but  shortly  after  noon  the 
l)arometer  dropped  quickly,  all  of  the  boats  were  .signaled  to  return  to  the  .schooners,  and  at  nightfall  the  gale 
was  on  in  all  its  fury.  Hojie  was  almost  abandoned  on  the  Libbie  and  Favorite,  but  by  careful  management  they 
rode  out  the  storm.  When  morning  dawned  but  two  ves.sels  were  in  .sight,  and  .shortly  afterward  Captain 
McLean  picked  up  the  mainsail  of  the  liarle.  The  .schooner  was  found  bottom  upward  a  few  hours  later.  When 
the  weather  moderated.  Captain  McLean  sent  a  boat  to  the  overturned  hull  and  discovered  that  the  masts  were 
still  in  place,  but  the  rudder  was  missing.  This  was  undoubtedly  the  direct  cause  of  the  disaster,  and  those  who 
were  not  swept  from  the  decks  before  she  capsized  had  little  show  for  their  lives.  The  lost  vessel  was  manned  by 
Louis  Magneson,  captain  ;  Henry  Buhrm,  mate  ;  William  J.  Douglas,  W.  H.  Wyman  and  Adolf  E.  Shute,  seamen  ; 


'  K.  11.  Marvin."  '  Caki.ott.\  g.  Cox,  "  "Annie  H.  I'aint,  "  "  Vbra  ' 


'"Clint.  Kred  M.  Hackett  wa.s  liorii  in  Cape  Ilretoii  and  1ir.s  hail  a  marine  experiiMice  of  seventeen  years.  Hi: 
the  sealing  Imsineas  was  in  1.S88  on  the  Annie  C.  Afoore,  sailing  ont  of  Victoria.  He  has  since  been  engaged  on  a  n 
known  sealers  and  was  hist  in  coniniaud  of  the  /.ibbie. 


His  first  work  in 
limber  of  well 


452 


Lewit  <J  Dryden't  Marine  Hiatory  of  the  Paoiflo  Northweit 


B,  Berner,  cook  ;  riid  twenty-six  Indians,  twelve  of  whom  were  Songltees  from  V'ictoria,  five  from  Sooke,  six 
from  Beecher  Bay,  two  fronj  Metchosin,  and  one  from  Cowichan. 

The  same  gaW  that  sent  the  /iar/t-  on  her  last  crutM  ended  the  career  of  the  old  Columbia  River  ])ilot 
schooner  C.  (i.  White.  Soon  after  lenviiiK  the  pilot  service  she  was  fitted  out  for  sealing,  and  for  the  past  two 
seasons  had  been  engaged  on  the  coast.  She  was  caught  off  the  Alaska  shore  by  the  gale,  which  was 
accompanied  by  a  blinding  snowstorm,  with  the  thermometer  three  degrees  below  r.ero.  Her  sails  were  carried 
away,  the  fore  topmast  went  by  the  board,  and  her  rudder  liecame  disabled.  In  this  helpless  condition  she  was 
carried  before  the  wind,  and  just  *R-fore  morning  struck  a  submerged  reef  and  was  soon  sma.shed  to  pieces.  A 
line  was  made  fast  to  shore,  and  twi-nty-five  of  the  crew  reached  land  in  safety,  three  losing  their  lives  lieforc  llio 
line  was  secured.  Kight  of  those  who  landed  perished  from  starvation  and  ex|>osure,  and  several  of  the  others 
were  so  badly  frozen  as  to  rcn<ler  amputation  of  limbs  necessary.  They  were  finally  rescued  by  some  Indians  and 
taken  to  Kodiak.     Capt.  Gus  Isaacson  was  one  of  the  eleven  who  perished. 

The  Koxie  Olseti,  built  at  Portland  in  1879  as  a  steoni  coaster,  which  for  the  past  few  years  had  l>een  sealing 
under  the  British  flag,  was  wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Japan  in  June.  She  was  the  first  of  the  1895  floet  to 
leave  Victoria,  sailing  from  there  in  December,  1894,  in  command  of  Captain  Whidden.  The  career  of  the  AWc 
O/jz-w  has  been  quite  eventful  .since  becoming  a  sealer.  She  was  captured  by  the  Ru.ssians  in  1892  for  alleged 
trespassing  in  territorial  waters,  and  on  that  occasion  wos  christened  the  /'rise.  When  the  Russians  learned 
that  they  could  not  hold  her  they  gave  her  to  the  captain  of  the  I'anfoiivfr  Helle  and  .sent  her  to  \'ictoria  with 
the  crews  of  other  ves.sels  seized  at  the  .same  time.  The  Indian  sealing  schooner /Jar/,  constructed  at  I.uninii, 
Wash.,  in  1890,  was  wrecked  in  April,  i89,s,  off  Carmanah  i>oint.  Harly  in  May  the  Seattle  schooner //<•/.■•//, 
Captain  Strong,  was  lost  off  Yakitat.     She  became  disabled,  and  in  beaching  her  to  .save  life  she  was  struck  by  a 

heavy  .sea  and  broke 
in  two.  The  crew 
escaped. 

It  would  he 
difficult  to  find  a 
hardier  or  more  dar- 
ing class  of  men 
than  the  l)rave  fel- 
lows who  man  the 
big  fleet  of  .sealet.s 
out  of  Victoria  and 
Sound  iK)rts.  With 
their  small  schoonvis 
they  fly  lH:fore  gale.s 
which  sweep  from 
existence  the  lar>;e>l 
ships  afloat,  dod>;e 
ninong  treaclicrmis 
reefs  and  i.slands  in 
the  north,  and  are 
hurled  hither  anil 
thither  by  the  .stron>; 
currents  and  tide  rips 
of  the  Japan  coast. 
Their  life  is  one  of 
periHJtnal  danger,  for 
in  the  North  Pacific 

the  skies  are  nearly  always  overca.st ;  heavy  gales  are  freipient ;  fogs  settle  down  without  a  moment's  warning, 
not  to  rise  again  fi)r  days  nr  weeks  ;  yet,  surrounded  by  all  of  these  i>erils,  the  .seal-hunter  will  lower  his  boat, 
and  with  only  a  keg  of  water  and  a  little  hard  tack,  pull  out  on  the  ocean  waste  with  as  little  concern  as  though 
sculling  about  in  a  land-locked  harbor.  Many  a  boat  and  crew  .starting  out  in  this  manner  have  never  returned. 
The  dreaded  fog  descends  like  a  curtain,  hiding  the  schooner  from  the  strained  vision  of  the  hunters,  and  then 
death  in  its  most  frightful  form,  by  starvation  and  thirst,  awaits  them.  Of  course*  great  luimber  of  the  boats  so 
lost  are  picked  up  by  other  vessels  or  in  rare  instances  make  their  way  to  land ;  but  even  in  such  cases  the 
sufferings  of  the  men  are  terrible.  An  experience  of  the  latter  kind  was  encountered  by  some  of  the  crew  of  tin- 
Carlotla  G.  Cox,  Captain  Byers,  in  1894.  On  April  7th,  when  200  miles  off  the  Japan  coast,  three  Iwats  wen 
lowered  early  in  the  morning.  Hunting  was  pursued  with  good  success  until  noon,  when  the  boats  were  caught 
in  a  tide  rip,  followed  by  a  strong  wind,  which  developed  into  a  gale.  When  an  attempt  was  made  to  return  to 
the  schooner  the  boatmen  found  that  they  were  being  rapidly  driven  in  the  opposite  direction.  Their  boats  weri' 
also  separated  in  the  gale,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to  delay  further  search  until  the  following  day,  whiili 


A   HKALkHs'    KKNIit:ZVUrH   IN    VlCTUKIA    MaKIHIR 

'  Smu-y  I.B*-*,"  "  Kiitltrriiie.  "  "  Horr.-ni*  "  ami  "  Aurorn  " 


in  PorFKr<}'iiifl 


/4  Brief  History  of  the  British  Columbia  Scaling  Industry 


453 


unfortunately  proved  worse  than  its  predecessor.  Growing  still  more  furious,  the  storm  upset  one  of  the  boats, 
whose  occupants,  us  well  as  twenty-four  skins,  two  guns  ami  other  sealing  apparatus,  were  thrown  into  the  water. 
One  of  the  crew,  however,  was  able  to  swim,  and,  by  almost  superhuman  efforts,  he  managed  to  help  his  two 
comrades  until  rescue  came  with  the  ap|)earance  of  one  of  the  other  boats.  Attempts  were  then  made,  but 
unsuccessfully,  to  right  the  capsi/.ed  craft,  although  twelve  of  the  lost  skins  were  recovered.  After  sailing  day 
and  night,  land  was  reached  on  the  morning  of  the  fifth  day  out  from  the  schooner.  Immen.se  sharks  closely 
followed  the  boat,  and  on  one  occasion  a  monster  snapped  off  the  painter,  a  three-tiuarter-inch  rope.  All  this 
time  the  men  were  subsisting  on  raw  seal  meat.  Fresh  drinking  water  had  been  obtained  by  catching  rain,  but, 
when  shore  was  reached,  wurni  tea  was  substituted,  which  with  otiier  food  was  generously  supplied  by  the 
Japanese,  whose  kindne.ss  will  long  be  remembered.  The  wrecked  scalers  were  carried  in  jinrickishas  from  the 
shore  inland,  a  distance  of 
fifty-seven  miles,  to  a  village, 
whence  they  were  afterward 
taken  to  Hakodate  by 
instructions  of  the  British 
consul.  The  third  boat's 
crew  was  more  fortunate, 
having  landed  near  civiliza- 
tion after  four  days  at  sea. 

A  lioat's  crew  consi.st- 
ing  of  Charles  Williams, 
Samuel  Lewis  and  one  other, 
from  the  Agues  McDonald, 
disappeared  about  the  same 
time,  but  were  less  fortunate, 
as  no  tidings  of  them  were 
ever  heard.  Their  boat  was 
found  several  days  afterward 
full  of  water,  with  the  guns 
lashed  to  the  .seats.  Lewis 
and  Williams  were  popular 
and  well  known  members  of 
the  sealing  fraternity  and 
were  experienced   sealers. 

The  May  Belle  also  lost  three  boats,  which  were  picketl  up  by  other  ves.sels.  The  San  Francisco  schooners 
Matthew  Turner  and  Kosie  Sparks  were  both  wrecked  with  all  on  board,  and  several  others  of  the  Japan  fleet  met 
with  disaster  in  1H9.).,  the  catastrophes  for  the  year  outnuniliering  those  on  the  American  and  British  Columbia 
coast  for  the  entire  period  in  which  sea'ing  operations  had  been  carried  on.  Other  perils  beside  storms,  starvation 
and  sharks  l)e.set  the  sealer,  and  among  the  strangest  of  these  were  two  attacks  made  on  the  .schooner  I.ibbie's 
boats  by  a  ferocious  marine  monster  known  as  the  "killer."  The  first  occurred  ofT  the  Japan  coa.st  in  March, 
1894,  and  two  lives  were  lost.  The  boat  was  in  charge  of  Collinson,  a  hunter,  of  I'luniper's  I'a.ss,  H.  C,  with 
J.  C.  Uodine  and  Harry  Ocorgeson,  boatmen.  The  monster  struck  the  boat  suddenly  about  noon,  tearing  the 
bottom  out  and  throwing  the  men  into  the  .sea.  They  managed  to  lash  the  canvas  around  the  bottom  of  the 
boat,  right  her  and  climb  in,  but  the  water  entered  faster  than  they  could  bail  it  out.  The  boat  would  repeatedly 
fill  and  turn.  Collinson  took  a  position  at  the  bow,  where  he  held  on  and  treaded  water.  He  did  not  have  to 
turn  with  the  craft,  and  in  that  way  husbanded  his  strength.  liodiiie  and  Georgeson.  in  their  struggle  for  life, 
lost  judgment  and  made  wild  efforts  to  ;j[et  back  upon  the  boat  every  time  she  came  up  either  way.  Just  .so  sure 
as  they  did  .so,  they  were  thrown  off.  The  end  came  (juickly,  and  the  drowning  of  Georgeson,  who  was  the  first 
to  go,  was  attended  by  one  of  those  incidents  wliicli  appeal  to  the  hearts  of  met:.  Once  when  the  boat  turned  he 
was  thrown  into  the  water  several  feet  away,  and  was  .so  weak  that  he  made  no  effort  to  get  back.  Hodine  pushed 
an  oar  out  to  him,  and  with  a  last  effort  he  .seized  it.  It  was  not  large  enough  to  .support  him,  and  slowly  he 
di.stfppeared  beneath  the  surface,  still  clinging  to  the  oar.  With  their  minds  upon  their  own  fates  the  two  men 
watched  in  silent  horror  the  spot  where  Georgeson  had  disappeared.  In  a  moment  the  oar  slowly  came  to  the 
surface.  It  told  the  story  of  the  end.  Hodine  looked  at  Collinson  and  said,  "  He  is  gone,  and  I  will  .soon  follow 
him."  Ten  minutes  later  Bodine's  hold  was  loosened,  and  he  slipped  quietly  down  to  his  death.  When  the 
schooner  reached  Collinson  at  seven  o'clock  that  evening  he  was  sitting  in  the  boat,  stripped  of  his  clothing,  in 
water  to  his  waist,  and  balancing  the  craft  with  the  oars.  He  was  all  but  bereft  of  his  rea.son  by  the  e.xi>eriences 
of  the  day,  and  nearly  dead  from  exposure. 

The  other  serious  accident  occurred  about  sixty  miles  .south  of  the  Copper  Islands  on  August  7th.  It  is 
descril)ed  l>e.st  in  the  language  of  Thomas  Brown,  the  hunter.  "  I  was  out  as  usual  with  the  two  men,  Jack 
l.undy  and  Sam  Thomas.     The  day  was  a  fair  one,  and  we  had  the  .sail  up.     There  was  a  little  wind  blowing, 


I  r 

ill 


454 


Lewit  4  Dryden'a  Marine  Hittory  of  the  Peoifio  Norihwett 


and  we  were  moving  along  at  average  speed.  I  had  just  shot  a  seal  and  was  standing  as  high  up  in  the  bow  as  I 
could,  looking  forward  for  seals.  Suddenly  and  without  the  slightest  warning  the  'killer'  struck  the  boat.  I 
was  thrown  forward  in  the  air  and  landed  in  the  water  several  feet  away.  I  was  the  most  surprised  man  in  the 
world.  First  I  thought  the  gun  had  gone  off,  and  then  I  had  an  idea  that  the  ammunition  box  had  blown  up. 
Wiien  I  looked  around  I  saw  L,undy  and  Thomas  sitting  on  the  boat,  which  was  Irattoni  up  and  had  a  great  hoU' 
torn  in  her.  I  had  on  heavy  rubber  boots  and  was  warmly  dre.ssed,  so  you  can  imagine  how  much  trouble  I  had 
making  the  boat.  When  we  were  in  Japan  I  had  air  tanks  put  in  my  boat,  and  I  am  very  glad  that  I  did,  for 
they  saved  our  lives.  We  all  crawled  up  on  the  bottom  of  the  boat,  and  she  sustained  us,  and  the  sunken  mast 
and  the  sail  balanced  her.  Way  off  to  windward  Jack  Townsend  was  hunting,  and  we  could  just  make  him  out. 
One  of  the  boatmen  raised  bis  cap  upon  an  oar  and  waved  it.  We  heard  the  report  of  Townsetid's  gun  as  he  .shot 
a  seal,  and  then  came  an  anxious  moment.  It  was  getting  rather  hazy,  and  if  Townsend  had  not  seen  us  it  would 
have  been  all  up  with  us.  Presently  we  saw  him  head  for  us,  and  in  about  an  hour  we  were  in  his  boat.  The 
water  was  terrible  cold,  and  we  were  suffering  from  its  effjcts  when  we  reached  the  schooner.  The  man  who  sat 
directly  over  where  the  '  killer '  struck  did  not  even  see  him,  and  we  would  have  had  our  doubts  about  what  had 
done  the  damage  had  we  not  seen  two  '  killers '  swimming  away.  Once  before  that  this  .season  we  were  in  the 
midst  of  a  school  of  them,  but  we  furled  our  sail,  lashed  our  guns  and  were  ready.  When  I  went  overboard  my 
gun  sank,  and  I  also  lost  150  shells.     Keside  the  two  accidents  met  with  I  only  know  of  one  more  of  a  siniilnr 

nature.     It  hapi>ened  on  the  Japanese  coast  three  years  ago,  when  n 
»  boat  from  an  American  schooner  was  cut  in  two  and  a  boatman  killed. 

They  said  the  '  killer '  used  his  fin,  but  I  believe  the  one  that  struck 
, , .  us  did  so  with  his  tail." 

The  United  States  Government,  which  had  expressed  its 
willingness  to  abide  by  the  decision  of  the  Paris  tribunal,  in  1895 
relapsed  into  its  old  method  of  dealing  with  the  sealing  (lut-stioii. 
The  tribunal  established  the  fact  that  twenty  illegal  seizures  had  been 
made  by  American  cutters  between  1886  and  1890  inclusive,  and 
decided  that  the  owners  of  said  vessels  had  good  cause  to  institute 
actions  against  the  Government  at  fault  to  recover  the  loss  they  had 
sustained  by  reason  of  such  seizures.  The  claims  aggregated  some- 
thing over  half  a  million  dollars,  with  interest,  and  it  was  the 
recommendation  of  the  tribunal  that  each  ca.se  .should  tie  taken  up 
separately  and  the  damage  suffered  a.scertained  by  a.ssessment.  This, 
however,  was  not  obligatory,  and  late  in  1.S94  the  United  States  offered 
a  lump  sum  of  $425,000.  The  Dominion  Government  submitted  the 
proposition  to  the  interested  parties,  and,  while  a  few  of  them  were  in 
favor  of  insisting  on  the  full  amount  of  their  demands,  they  finally 
expressed  a  willingness  to  accept  the  sura  offered,  Ijelieving  that  an 
amicable  settlement  of  the  affair  would  aid  in  securing  the  payment  of 
the  consequential  claims  caused  by  warning  .schooners  out  of  Bering 
Sea  in  1890,  1891,  1892  and  1893.  The  matter  of  appropriating  the 
amount  decided  on,  $425,000,  came  up  in  Congress  in  December,  1894, 
and,  despite  the  agreement  made  at  Paris  pledging  the  payment  of  the  damages,  the  bill  failed  to  pass.  Amoiij; 
the  reasons  advanced  for  repudiating  it  was  the  intimation  that,  if  the  Canadians  secured  what  was  justly  due 
them,  the  Government  would  also  be  obliged  to  pay  several  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  similar  damages 
suffered  by  vessels  sailing  under  the  American  flag  while  the  seals  were  being  protected  for  the  lessees  of  the 
rookeries. 

With  the  failure  of  the  United  States  to  fulfill  the  promise  which  its  Secretary  of  State  had  made  in  its 
name,  the  British  Government  promptly  refused  to  re-enact  the  regulations  of  the  previous  year,  which  prevented 
the  carrying  of  firearms  by  sealing  vessels  through  the  zone  north  of  the  thirty-fifth  parallel  during  the  closed 
season.  That  portion  of  the  American  people  who  had  contended  against  the  fulfillment  of  the  Paris  award  ai 
once  as.serted,  with  much  indignation,  that  Great  Britain  was  acting  in  bad  faith  by  modifying  her  stand  on  tlif 
sealing  question  on  a  point  which  was  not  made  binding  by  the  Paris  tribunal,  and  it  was  claimed  that  this  action 
had  only  been  taken  in  order  to  permit  an  unlimited  and  indiscriminate  slaughter  by  Canadian  vessels.  As 
far  as  the  protection  of  the  .seals  is  concerned,  this  is  of  small  importance,  as  British  ships  will  be  ordered  In 
Bering  Sea  to  patrol  against  poachers,  and  to  use  every  effort  to  carry  out  the  Paris  award  and  the  British  law 
based  thereupon.  The  only  difference  in  the  present  instructions  from  those  of  the  previous  year  is  that  tlif 
open  possession  of  arms  will  no  longer  be  taken  as  prima-facie  evidence  of  illegal  sealing.  The  British  law 
founded  on  the  Paris  award  does  not  forbid  the  open  carrying  of  guns,  while  that  of  the  United  States,  whicli  i^ 
deemed  by  the  authorities  of  Great  Britain  to  have  gone  beyond  the  Paris  decision,  makes  such  possession  c 
vcxa%  prima-facie  evidence  of  sealing.  The  British  regulations  for  1894  yielded  to  a  certain  extent  to  those  of  tli- 
United  States.    This  year,  however,  the  British  law  will  be  strictly  adhered  to,  the  theory  of  the  authorities  beiii.; 


CaPT.  KdWARD  MCCOflKKIK 

(8Mp«ge4ii) 


A  Brief  History  of  the  British  Columbia  Sealing  Industry 


455 


that  the  Paris  arbitrator  had  the  amplest  means  of  providing  against  the  extermination  of  the  seats,  and 
that  the  award  properly  executed  will  give  full  protection. 

The  result  of  these  diflferent  interpretations  will  certainly  cause  trouble,  and,  whatever  the  result,  it  cannot 
be  other  than  humiliating  to  the  American  Government.  If  Canadian  sealers  are  intercepted  for  carrying  arms 
contrary  to  the  American  law,  further  claims  for  damages  will  l)e  instituted.  If  these  seizures  are  not  made,  it 
will  have  the  appearance  of  a  compulsory  recognition  of  rights  not  hitherto  accorded  the  Canadians.  I{ither 
horn  of  the  dilemma  will  be  unpleasant  to  the  American  gtasp,  and  by  far  the  worst  feature  of  the  matter  is  the 
fact  that  the  American  sealer  will  \ie  given  another  forcible  illustration  that  the  flag  of  his  country  is  a  very  poor 
banner  for  a  .sealer  to  .sail  under.  This  singular  state  of  aflfairs  was  first  brought  to  public  notice  with  the 
sei/.ures  of  1887  and  i883.  The  master  and  owner  of  the  Alpha,  as  well  as  those  of  other  American  schooners 
captured  and  taken  to  Sitka,  were  left  penniless  hundreds  of  miles  from  civilization,  and  after  release  from 
custody  made  their  way  back  to  their  native  land  ex]>ecting  to  receive  justice.  It  is  still  due  them.  No 
influential  nation  appeared  at  Paris  to  plead  their  cause,  and  their  claims  for  damages  lie  yellow  and  du.sty  in  the 
pigeon-holes  of  the  department  at  Washington.  The  ultimate  result  of  such  an  unfair  |)ulicy  will  be  the 
driving  of  the  few  remaining  American  sealers  to  the  protection  of  the  British  flag. 

Every  year  reports  are  circulated  concerning  the  great  decrease  in  the  size  of  the  seal  herds,  and,  in  the  face 
of  this,  each  season  shows  a  greater  catch.  The  United  States  (lovernment  yearly  pre.sents  nn  array  of  figures 
showing  that  the  .seals  are  disappearing  from  the  Pribilof  Islands  ;  but  at  the  same  time  they  nre  reported  in 
immense  herds  in  other  portions  of  the  Pacific,  indicating  that  the  fur  seal  is  in  no  immediate  danger  of  extinction. 
It  has  cost  in  the  neighborhood  of  a  million  dollars  each  sea.son  to  maintain  the  liering  Sea  fleet,  and  the  good 
results  have  not  been  proportionate.  In  an  interview  published  in  the  Seattle  Post-lnlellif^eneer,  Mr.  Sheldon 
Jackson,  who  has  spent  several  years  in  Ala.ska  as  an  agent  of  the  ITnited  States,  recommended  the  killing  of  all 
the  seals  on  the  islands  by  the  Government.  Mr.  Jackson  is  reported  as  .saying:  "I  favor  such  a  policy, 
and  it  is  the  only  way  that  our  Government  will  ever  get  anything  out  of  it.  At  present  it  costs  about  $1 ,000,000 
a  year  to  keep  a  fleet  of  ve.ssels  in  northern  waters,  and  what  recompense  do  we  get  ?  I  stated  while  I  was  in 
Wa.shington  City  that  it  would  be  the  be.st  move  we  could  make  to  have  every  seal  killed  off  this  .season. 
If  that  were  done,  the  Government  would  have  a  lot  of  money  turned  into  the  treasury  ;  but,  if  things  go  on  as 
they  have  been  going  on  for  a  long  time,  the  Canadian  poachers  will  have  every  .seal,  and  we  will  have  what — why 
simply  a  big  hole  in  the  trea.sury.  It  is  an  actual  fact  in  my  mind  that  we  are  pursuing  a  wrong  course  in 
this  matter,  and,  while  I  don't  believe  that  the  advice  I  give  will  be  followed,  I  do  l)elicve  that  it  would  be  the 
only  correct  thing  to  do.  It  is  not  the  American  poachers  that  we  have  to  fear  so  much,  but  the  Caimdians.  If 
an  American  vessel  is  caught  poaching,  she  is  seized,  and  the  American  Government  does  not  pay  her  owner  any 
indemnity  ;  but,  if  the  American  fleet  seizes  a  Briti.sh  ves.sel,  we  confiscate  it,  and  by  an  international  court 
the  owners  are  awarded  damages.  Consequently  you  will  find  that  Americans  go  north  and  employ  British  boats 
to  poach  for  them.  I  have  been  in  Alaska  for  a  good  many  years,  and  during  the  past  six  years  have  noticed  a 
remarkable  decrease  in  the  herds  on  the  Pribilof  Islands.  No ;  I  l)elieve  that  the  suggestion  I  have  made 
will  not  be  put  into  effect,  because  somehow  I  feel  that  the  American  people — my  people — have  not  sense  enough 
to  do  it.     You  can  rest  a.ssured,  however,  that  the  British  will  look  after  their  interests,  as  they  always  do." 

It  is  hardly  probable  that  the  United  States  would  succeed  in  exterminating  the  .seals  in  a  single  season, 
even  were  such  a  foolish  method  of  procedure  adopted,  and  both  Canadian  and  American  sealers,  with  rare 
exceptions,  have  always  obeyed  the  law  where  its  interpretation  was  the  same  by  both  nations.  Russia  stands  in 
readiness  to  assist,  and  the  matter  of  protecting  the  seals  and  perpetuating  the  industry  is  far  from  difficult  if  each 
country  interested  would  accord  to  others  the  same  rights  expected  and  enjoyed  by  itself.  Preliminary  to  such 
an  international  agreement,  it  would  be  very  appropriate  for  the  United  States  to  liquidate  its  indebtedness 
caused  by  the  confiscation  of  the  private  property  of  the  Canadians,  and,  when  this  is  done,  extend  a  similar 
courtesy  to  its  own  citizens. 


ili 


!  \ 


SEALERS  OF  THE  NORTHWESTERN  FLEET. 


Arkcr,  V  , liimter  nchcMiiier  ./»«((>  A".  /1i/h/,  H«ii  I'rnm'lico. 

Allen,  (iCorKi'.  Iiuiiter  nrliuoiicr  /•'lamis  M.  Smilh. 

Allen,  C*|il.  Jolin,  whooner  h'raMii^  M  Smilk,  Viclorin. 

Aiiilerion,  A.,  Iiiinler  ncliooner  Ihitj  Sii-waiJ,  V'ictotiii. 

Anilenion,  Heriiiin,  lioalMeerer,  Victoriii. 

Anderiton,  J.  W.,  niimlrr  of  Klinoner  I'iva,  VictoriH. 

Aiiilenou,  TlinNlore,  male  on  MalinK  M'liuonrm,  Victoriii. 

AnfinilHn,  John,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Archinliiilt,  O.  K.,  hunter  nchiMiner  (hniH  Hellf,  Victoriii. 

lUckc,  Ole,  hunter  ichooner  Oohh  Ittlle,  Victoriii. 

Hainwcll.  Henry,  iiiHiter  of  itennier  r.nlrrfiist,  I'ort  Town- 
Henil,  wn*  rornierly  en|{n){e<l  on  the  iichooiieni  TIioihIoh,  .  Iiinii- 
/•'<■(*  anil  (,'riiir. 

Ilarker,  ('•.  N.,  mate,  Victoria,  hat  licen  nculiuK  out  of  that 
port  liiice  1H87  on  the  /Vim,  Fiiivrile  aii.l  othern. 

Ilarron,  Charlea,  hunier  achooner  I'lnelupe,  liiia  liecn  wat- 
inx  out  or  Victoria  aince  iWi,^. 

Ilcck,  W.  I',  hunter,  Victoria. 

Ilecknmii,  Willlvn,  hunter,  Victoiin. 

Ilertranil,  A.  J.,  hunter,  Victoria,  haa  Iweu  acaliiiK  out  of 
that  (lort  for  ten  yeart, 

Itiaaett,  A    K.,  luaater  of  aealiiiK  veaaela,  Victoria. 

Hounrr,  John,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Hoiwrll,  J.  W.,  hunter  achooner  KHiirfirhf,  Victoria. 

Iloutilier,  Joiepb,  atewanl,  Victoria. 

Ilri<l){«'r,  lieorge,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Drown,  ti.  I).,  inaater  of  aealiug  achooueni,  Victoria, 

Drown.  Henry,  hunter  achooner  Libbii;  Victoria. 

Drown,  Thotuns  H.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Duchanon,  Capt.  Jamea,  aealer,  Victoria. 

Diirke,  Joacph,  hunter  achooner  FroHiis  M.  Smilk,  Vic- 
toria, licKan  waliUK  oil  the  I'alhfiHJrr  out  of  Victoria  in  189,1, 

Duma,  Hdwaril,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Durt,  Jainea,  hunter  achooner  MennaiJ,  Victoria. 

Dyera,  !>.,  hunter,  Victoria,  coiunienccil  sealiiiK  out  of  that 
port  in  1890  on  the  achooner  (iriieva  anil  waa  afterwaril  on  the 
Miuiodf  anil  Therrsa. 

Cainpliell,  Daniel,  inaater  Nchooner  Saiiie  Turpil,  \'ictoria, 

Canipliell,  Harry,  boatatcerer  achooner  ./i,'uci  Mct>o>ialJ, 
Victoria. 

Cantitlion,  Capt.  Kilwanl,  sealer,  Seattle,  Waah  ,  haa  lieen 
euKaueil  on  the  Mollif  .li/ains,  Ouar  iiiiil  llitllif  and  Ains- 
wor/h  aa  captain,  and  on  the  Catiollii  (i.  Cox  and  llcnry 
Ofiiiiis  aa  hunter. 

Carlaon,  John,  hunter  acliooner  Olio,  Victoria. 

Carpenter,  J.  0.,  mate  on  aealiiiK  achoonera,  Victoria. 

Carter,  William,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Ceaaford,  (leorjje  W.,  linnter,  Victoria. 

Chinn,  O.  R  ,  boatateerer,  Victoria. 

Christian,  Miltou,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Churchill,  llerliert,  hunter,  Victoria,  came  to  the  Cooat  on 
the  /•lanch  Af.  Smilh. 

Cole,  Jordiin,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Collier,  John,  mate  on  achooner  hrrnila,  Victoria. 

Conloii,  y.  C,  hunter  achooner  Umbrina,  Victoria. 

Conn,  Koliert,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Connell,  Michael,  boatateerer,  Victoria. 

('onrada,  William,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Copeland,  O.  A.,  hunter,  Vaquiiia,  Or.  haa  been  engaged 
on  the  C.  (!.  iVhilt,  I'enelope  and  Louis  C'!stH. 

Coveuey,  Samuel,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Crocker,  Henry,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Crockett,  Kzekicl,  inaater  of  achooner  Aiusworlh,  Seattle, 
Wash.,  haa  been  en)(aKed  in  aealiug  on  the  coaat  for  aix  years. 
He  served  on  the  schooners  Mollte  .Idoms,  hditHiril  Wehsler, 
Mr.'lif  T.  Dyer  and  Ainsworlh,  and  haa  lieen  niaater  of  the 
latter  vesael  Kir  the  paat  two  years. 

Ciowdy,  Robert,  mate  on  sealing  vessels,  Victoria. 

Cumniinga,  Thoinaa,  hunter,  Victoria. 

nahlberg,  Charlea,  master  of  sealing  vessels,  waa  tmrn  in 
Sweden  in  1H65.     He  began  scaling  out  of  Victoria  in  1H87  on 


the  7»/«»«/A,  waa  afterward  on  the  C.  //.  Tupfft  and  .lili/f 
aa  hunier,  has  recently  lieen  master  of  the  If.  /'.  Sartt'iinl,  and 
was  also  engaged  on  the  .Ihioio  and  /•'filiiprisf. 

Darritt,  William,  hunter,  Vicmria. 

Dasey,  Tliouiiia,  male  on  nraling  schooners,  haa  lieen  sail 
ing  out  of  Victoria  sincr  1H87.  He  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the 
bark  Siim/i,  wrecked  at  Carnianali  I'liint. 

Ifavis,  Henry,  iniite  on  sealera,  N'icloria. 

Day,  James,  steward,  Victoria. 

Dayton,  neiijaniin,  Imiiler,  Victiirla. 

Decker,  Capt.  A.  (>.,  Seattle,  Wiish.,  waa  born  in  Maine  in 
iHSI  and  aailed  fur  several  years  out  of  <>loiicester  on  fishing 
si-iiooners.  He  i-anie  to  .Seattle  in  18H7,  built  the  sealing 
at'liouncr  (mx^'/  A'.  11  liili  in  iHSy,  and  went  aa  master  of  licr 
for  one  season.  He  then  sliip|>ed  as  linnter  on  the  .liiiiii'  ('. 
.IAi»r  of  Victoria,  and  in  |8<>|,  in  connection  with  Captains 
Crockett,  Ablmll  and  Winston,  <.'onatrHcted  the  scho<iiier  ./;;/.(• 
iiiiiih,  which  they  are  still  n|icrating,  alternating  in  command. 

De  l.isle,  ('..  J.,  hunter,  Olviiipia,  Waah. 

Dorsey,  Thomas,  sealer,  Victoria,  has  been  engaged  on  the 
Ctt>iMii!ili\  /•'iiUH  and  others. 

Doiigeiil,  C  ,  hunier  schooner  Kalheiiiif,  Victoria. 

Doiiran,  Henry,  liiintcr,  has  been  sailing  out  of  Victi  ria  for 
twelve  years,  and  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  II  i/l/ii'  Mc(ii>U'Oii. 
seized  by  the  Russians  off  Copper  Island. 

Kbiiieier,  W.,  sealer  schooner  Siiuiv  l.iiss,  VictoMa. 

Kdoii,  I'.dward,  mate  nil  sealing  schooners,  Victoria. 

Kills,  Amos,  male  and  master  of  sealing  vessels,  was  in  tlie 
employ  of  Spring  iV  McKiy  for  several  years  and  has  been 
master  of  the  H'iiini/iiil,  Afnunllr,  .Vio/ii  and  others. 

Hrksoii,  Harry,  sealer,  Victoria. 

Kl/el,  I.ouis  I,.,  hunter,  Seattle,  Wash. 

■{vans.  John,  sailing  master,  Victoria,  has  served  in  dilferent 
capacities  on  the  .liinie  C.  Mihik,  l\ilhfi»dti\,  Sea  I. ion,  On- 
niolile,  (>ll<i,  ./»;>/(■,(  and  Umbiiiio. 

Kverelt,  T.  T.,  sealer,  Vancouver. 

I'arley,  I*.  J.,  hunier,  Victoria,  came  to  the  Coast  in  1890 
He  waa  first  engaged  on  the  (hrnii  Helle  as  boata'eerer,  the 
following  season  was  bniiter  on  the  I  r.viile,  and  has  recently 
lieen  employed  on  the  I'eiielnfie. 

I'enley,  Thomas,  hunter,  Victoria. 

I'errel,  James,  lioatatcerer,  Victoria,  has  been  sealing  out 
of  Victoria  for  six  years. 

l<'illinorc,  Albert,  Victoria,  master  mariner,  was  born  in 
New  Drunsuick  in  1S5K  and  liegan  sealing  on  the  iilil  schooner 
,IAi;;i'  iilliii  an  her  iirst  trip  to  Deriiig  ,Sea.  He  is  at  present 
connected  with  the  Alleles.  He  fitted  out  \\\e  Jessie  at  New 
Drunswick  and  brought  her  around  the  Horn.  In  1891  Captain 
■''illmore  fitted  out  the  I'.thel  in  San  Francisco,  took  her  to 
Dcriug  Sea,  where  she  was  seized  and  confiscated. 

Foley,  N.,  master  of  sealing  schooners,  Victoria. 

Oarner,  Thomas,  hunter,  I'ortland,  Or.,  commenced  seal- 
ing on  the  C.  //.  Tiipl'ir  \n  iSiSg.  For  the  past  three  seasinis 
he  has  been  on  the  st'liooner  I'mhrina,  his  record  in  1891  lieiiig 
46j  skins,  and  4.5J  in  1894. 

Gengc,  Oeorge,  lioalslcerer  and  hunter,  Victoria. 

("lerow,  \.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Olawson,  l'".  A.,  hunter,  Victoria,  has  recently  been  on  the 
(heaii  llelle. 

Gowdy,  Fdward,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Grant,  C,  hunter,  Victoria. 

GrifTin,  A.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

GriflTith,  T.  II.,  mate  and  master  of  sealing  schoonert". 
Victoria. 

Oundaaen,  S,  T.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

(innncr,  M.  A.,  hunter  schooner  Agnes  MeDoiiolil,  N'ictoriu. 

HaaUe,  John  H.,  hunter,  Victoria,  has  lieen  engaged  on  (lit- 
Maiy  Kllen.  II  alter  L.  Kith,  Ocean  llelle.  Holler  A.  luvie 
and  Osear  and  Halite. 

Hallgan,  William,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Ham,  William,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Hansen,  J.  G,,  master  muriner,  Victoria. 

Hardimau,  Samuel,  hunter,  Victoria. 


Sealers  of  the  Northwestern  Huet 


457 


lUriiii,  hilvtHril,  liuntrr  Khooncr  Mfimiiid,  Vlvlorla, 

llarrin,  .Hmiiiicl,  iMwUtrrrrr,  Virtorin. 

IlHrrin'in,  |iiiiir«,  iiirilr  uti  iicnliii>t  mlinoiirrii,  V'icliirU. 

llnwhiiiK,  jHiiim,  liiiiiirr,  VirtoriM. 

llefrrriiHii,  ('•.,  liuntrr,  rimiiiieiireil  uruliiiK  <>>it  nf  VU'toriii 
in  iHt/i  Ha  iKMUtcrrtT  iin  llic  Caminlilf  nnil  uhh  nfterwHnl 
hnnirr  on  llic  l.ftuvii,  llmhtnni.  I'lvn  ■ml  I'liulnpi-. 

Ilrnilv,  Kolwrt,  liiinter,  Vicloriii. 

Ilrnnelicry,  Willinni,  liuntrr,  Virtiiriii. 

Ilriiiuin,  J.  W  ,  liuntrr,  l'<irt  (Irfiiiil,  Or.,  Iiim  bcrn  eimiiKril 
■III  llir  wluxiiirrB  .Vnry  iillfii,  .Ihhii;  Siii  />irjt",  (Viw/^/ii, 
('.  (i.  ll'hile  »ni\  //i-iiiuin. 

Ilowiiril,  ('irorKe  I'.,  Hipwani,  Victoria. 

IIUKlim,  CliurlcH,  ultwiiril,  Virtoriil. 

lluKlirii,  II.  v.,  iiiiMtcr  ofiiriiliuK  vrnHeU,  Victoria,  wHilKirn 
ill  l)l|{l>>',  Nova  Sroiiii,  in  1H64.  Ilr  ha*  Iwcn  Hailing  out  uf 
Victorin  iiini'r  iHui  an<l  lias  rcccnilv  Iwt'U  connrclcil  with  the 
Ht'liiMincr  Maty  fillin. 

IIUKliri,  J.  ('■  ,  hunter,  Seattle,  Wanh. 

llnKl>*'">  William,  lioaltteerer. 

Hunter,  Thoiiiaii,  hunter,  Victoria. 

IiikHoIi.  William,  huuter.  Victoria. 

Irvine,  William  C,  hunter    Victoria. 

Jacoliaeii,  Ilenrv,  hunter,  Victoria. 

JcnninxH,  Arthur,  lioatateerer,  Victoria. 

Jipi,  (>.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

JohiiHon,  AuKUst,  hunter  schooner  l.ouii  Olseii,  Victoria. 

Johnaou,  CharlcN.  hunter,  Victoria. 

Johnatou,  J.  W  .  hunter,  Victoria, 

Karl,  Harry,  hunter,  en){»);e(l  in  ilcetvwater  aniliiiK  until 
iHSi,  when  he  came  to  Victoria  ami  joineil  the  Miiiiiaiil. 

Keefe,  Michael,  t  a't  r  chooner  /•iiuii,  Victoria,  haa  lieen 
ill  the  aealiuK  liuaincii.,  i.iu  v>r  Victoria  aiiice  1HH7. 

Kelly,  r.  J.,  Healer,  San  Trauciaco,  w.ih  forinrrly  mate  on 
the  aliip  ()  ■•  'ilal,  runniuK  lietweeii  Sau  I'laiiciacoamI  Tacoma, 
Tor  aeveral  \Lara.  He  haa  receiitiv  lieeii  connected  with  'he 
acliooiiera  If'ii/ter /..  h'iih  ami  I'mhriin). 

Kieaon,  HRiia,  lioatateerer,  Victoria,  liaa  been  eiiKaKol  on 
the  achooiiem  llessie  Hiillei,  On  an  l!illi\  l'\ivorili\  I'rui  ami 
l'i'»ilof>e. 

KniKaton,  Joseph,  lioatpnllcr,  Victoria. 

Kuapp,  J.  M.,  Iiunler,  Victoria,  liaa  been  conncctol  with 
the  /'fHcA/c,  W.  /'.  Siiyniiid  and  llciii\  /h'liiih,  ami  was  on 
the  latter  veaacl  when  ahe  was  wrecked  near  Hakodate. 

Knox,  William,  hunter.  Victoria. 

I.iindry,  C,  lioat-steerer,  Victoria. 

I^araon,  liana,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Lawrence,  Capi.  Tliomaa,  waa  liorii  in  Ilalifax  in  i.Ss6and 
when  a  hoy  conimeiiced  aailiiiK  in  the  South  Anierieaii  ami 
North  Atlantic  trade,  rrmaininK  there  for  eleven  yeara.  He 
came  to  the  I'acilic  Coast  in  i,S.S6,  liringiii);  a  aealinx  achooner 
around  froiii  HaliTax.  He  was  eiiKOK^d  in  aealiuK  with  the 
Maiy  /:'//<•«  in  1HS6  and  1S.S7,  and  waa  afterward  employed  oil 
the  steamer  }'osf»ii/f.  KoiiiK  from  her  to  the  old  steamer  /V/o/, 
of  which  he  waa  master  for  eighteen  months.  His  next  service 
waa  on  the  steamer  /Cur/r. 

I,e  lllanc,  Charles  S.,  niaater  of  sealing  schooners,  Victoria. 

he  lllanc,  I{.  C,  mate  and  master,  Victoria. 

lyee,  Christ,  scaler,  Victoria. 

I,ee,  Cant.  W.  H  .  owner  of  sealing  schooner  (U'litge  II , 
I'resioll,  built  at  Iromlale  in  i.Sgv 

I.eer,  Charles,  hunter.  Victoria. 

Lewis,  I).  A.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

l.ind,  .'MlH-rt,  boatpuller,  Victoria. 

I.iuton,  A.,  boalbuili'er,  Vancouver,  It.  C. 

I.ocke,  Samuel,  mate  on  aealiiiK  schooners,  Victoria. 

Lodfje,  Albert,  hunter,  Victoria. 

1,00,  .Mltert  v.,  steward,  San  I'rancisco. 

I.ovoie,  William,  hunter,  Vancouver,  II.  C. 

I.umI,  Harry,  hunter,  scliooner  llrenili'   Victoria. 

I, yuan,  I'^dward,  mate  on  scnIinK  vessels,  Victoria. 

Lynch.  James  It.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Ma^nesen,  Theodore  M.,  master  of  sealing  schooners, 
Victoria. 

McCall,John,  hunter  schooner  I'ionen;  Victoria. 

McCauley,  I),  (l.,  master  of  scaliiiK  schooners,  Victoria, 
was  born  in  Cape  Ilreton  in  1S57  and  has  been  sailing  out  of 
Victoria  for  the  past  six  years.  He  has  recently  lieeii  con- 
iiecled  with  the  /Iratria: 

McKay,  J.,  boalsteerer,  Victoria. 

McNeil,  John,  boatpuller,  Victoria. 

McNeill,  v..  II.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

McNiel,  Daniel.  Imatpuller,  V'ictoria. 

Merlin,  Daniel,  hunter.  Victoria. 

Meyers,  Jainrs,  master  of  schooner  (ieiui'a,  has  been  seal- 
ing out  of  Vlctoiia  since  ihyl. 


MiihtKoiiicry,  Thomas,  sealer,  Victonit. 

Moore,  William,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Morris,  John,  Victoria,  master  niariiier,  waa  Imrii  in  Waira 
in  1H47  ami  lieK*"  K<>'i<K  to  sea  when  he  was  nineteen  yrarsold 
His  first  scaliUK  veaael  waa  the  olil  IHaik  OiamonJ.  He  has 
also  commanded  the  achooiiers  Ohii'iihI  and  .llhfil  .lilami, 
ami  one  season  took  out  the  .Seattle  schooner  .Vt  trN/i-ii.t'.  He 
is  at  present  interested  in  aeveral  sealiiiK  sehoonrra. 

Morrow,  U.  W.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

MosB,  Andrew,  boatpuller  achooner  f^/til,  Victoria. 

Murray,  II.,  hunter,  Victoria,  haa  lieeii  aailiiiK  out  of  that 
port  aince  i.H)^. 

Neilaoii,  I,.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Nelson,  Charles  II,,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Nelaon,  ('teor){e,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Nelaon,  John,  boatpuller,  Victoria. 

Nelson,  N.  I'.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Newson,  R.  W.,  steward,  Vancouver,  11.  C. 

Nichidson,  Charles,  hunter  and  mate  on  aealiiiK  schooners, 
Victoria. 

Nilea,  GeorxeJ.,  Iioalsteerer,  Victorin. 

Nialiet,  William,  huuter,  Victoria, 

Nortin,  Cliailcs.  hunter,  Victoria. 

Oleson,  Cliarle.  nrd,  Victoria, 

Oleaon,  Martin,  hi.  1.        Victoria. 

Olsen,  Andrew, 'unit  ,  Victoria. 

I'atteraou,  W.,  In   itt.,  Victoria. 

I'eiiny,  Caji'.  I    I,.,  owier  of  sealiuK  aehooners,  Victoria. 

Peterson,  '    ,  .lunter,    .  utoria. 

I'ctrie,  1'.  J.,  Iinutcr,  Victo''.. 

rike,  Charles,  linnlri,  Victoria. 

Pike,  Mark,  masi'  rof  ^  .hoonerO/vt/.Sijw  Dhgo,  Victoria. 

Power  Tlioma-i,  liuuler,  Victoria. 

Prevost,  Jniiies  C,  Victoria,  waa  liorii  in  Hampshire. 
Kn^land,  in  1N4.S,  and  is  a  sou  of  the  late  Admiral  I'revoat  of 
the  Itritish  Navy.  He  built  the  ateam  wrecker  Maunlli-  ami 
also  owned  the  aealiiiK  schooner  .Irii'l,  which  Captain  Hiick- 
uam  broUKlit  aiouml  the  Horn. 

Kamlose,  Hmil,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Kep|)en,  AiiKUat,  niaater  of  aealiliK  veasela,  Victoria, 

Kiuby,  II.,  huuter  schooner  A'aMi //«>',  Victoria. 

KiVey,  Ivlward,  boat.iteerer,  Victorin. 

Kisser,  J.  1'°..  mate  on  sealiii);  vesselh,  Victoria. 

Krdiliins,  IC.  I'.,  master  of  sealinx  schooners,  Victoria. 

Koholm,  .X.,  hunter  schooner  Siifi/tJiin\  ,Siin  I'rancisco. 

Ryan,  J.  N.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Siimpicr,  James,  hunter  schooner    .Vniy   KlUn.  Victoria. 

Scholamler,  Anthony,  hunter,  Victoria. 

.Schweickhardt,  A.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

.Shephard,  William,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Siteinan,  James,  mate  on  sealing  schooners,  Victoria. 

Smith,  Harry,  hunter.  Victoria. 

Smith,  J.,  hunter  schooner  IHoneer,  Victoria. 

Somerton,  I'red,  hunter,  Victoria 

Spencer,  K.  II.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Sjiencer,   Koliert,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Steele,  Capt.  John,  was  born  on  Trince  Kdward  Island  in 
i8.<iK,  and  lieKaii  .sealing  as  master  of  the  scli<H)ner  IVnclope  in 
1S8S.  In  1.S90  he  was  master  of  the  Theiesa  and  in  1.S91  of 
the  .lini'ko.  He  retired  from  sealing  in  1S92  to  go  as  mate  and 
pilot  oil  the  llaibaia  Jlostowilz,  where  he  remained  until  1891, 
when  he  took  charge  of  Porter's  wharf.    He  re8i<les  at  Victoria. 

Stickland,  Thomas,  boatatcerer,  Victoria. 

Tacnicke,  W.,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Tliorscu,  John,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Vincent,  William,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Wadden,  Patrick,  boatpuller,  Victoria. 

Walker,  Donald,  shipbuilder,  Victoria. 

Wallace,  Cieorge  S.,  hunter,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Walsen,  Charles,  lioatsteerer,  Victoria. 

Worreu,  I'rcil,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Wells,  John,  hunter,  Victoria. 

West,  James,  lioatsteerer,  Victoria. 

Wliidifen,  A.  B.,  master  of  sealing  vessels,  Victoria,  was 
last  in  charge  of  the  schooner  h'osie  Olsen,  remaining  with  her 
until  she  was  wrecked. 

White,  Anthony,  boatpuller,  Victoria. 

Whitney,  B.  II.,  master  of  sealing  schooners,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Whyman,  N.,  hunter  schooner  .li<ne.s  McDonald,  Victoria. 

Williams,  Robert,  hunter,  Victorin. 

Wil.son,  I'red,  huuter,  Victoria. 

Wilson,  George,  hunter,  Victoria. 

Winston,  Grant,  hunter,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Wright,  H.  R.,  Iiniiter  schooner  Mitinaid,  Victoria. 

Vouiig,  John,  hunter,  Victoria. 


Pi! 


MARINE  MEN  ENGAGED  IN  THE  WATERS  OF  THE  NORTHWEST. 


Ask,  Richard,  en);iiieer,  Ilallanl,  Wnsli. 

Abel,  Clisirtes,  mate  and  master  on  sniliuK  vessels,  .San 
Francisco. 

Abro,  O. ,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Acton,  Heiir^',  Vancouver,  R.  C,  fifth  assistant  engineer  of 
steanisliip  ll'iinimoo. 

Adams,  Herbert,  engineer.  I'oit  Townsend,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Maine  in  I.S66.  Fie  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S76, 
his  first  work  beiuK  on  the  steamship  (•'corge  11'.  Ji/i/ei;  Me 
was  also  chief  engineer  of  the  lVilini>i);ton  when  she  burned 
on  the  Willamette  River,  au<l  was  afterward  on  the  steamer 
ll'illapir. 

.\lexander,  John,  shipbuilder,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Allen,  Capt.  C.  E..  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  Sweden  in 
1857  and  began  sailing  out  of  the  ports  of  that  country  in  1S71. 
He  ran  in  the  deep-water  service  until  1S79,  when  he  oanie  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  and  joined  the  steamship  Salifttis.  He  snbse- 
i|uently  served  as  third,  second  and  first  officer  on  several 
steamships  of  Ooodall,  Perkins  ^:  Co's  line,  and  about  1889  was 
given  command  of  the  steamer  I'oiiil  .htnti.  In  1891  he  took 
charge  of  the  Cirsunl  Cily,  which  he  still  conmiands. 

Allen,  Capt.  James  O.,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1839, 
liegan  his  marine  service  in  iSs^  on  the  Delaware  River,  was 
afterAvard  m\  various  sailing  vessels  as  seaman  and  mate,  and 
on  the  Boston  and  New  York  packets.  He  made  a  voyage  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S56  on  the  ship /;"(«/»;(■«  i;/" Me  .SVut,  but 
returned  Fast  on  the  ship  Sia  .Vvnip/i.  He  arrived  at  San 
Francisco  again  in  it>64,  but  did  not  go  north  until  1S69,  wht'U 
he  reached  Yacpiina  Hay  on  the  schooner  ll'illiiim  irclaml. 
Since  that  time  lie  has  been  in  coniinaml  of  the  schooners 
/•'hiorah,  Ctiiotila,.-tli(r  A  i  111  i<i //  a\\i\  /■^iitiiia  I'llrr  in  the  coast 
trade,  and  is  at  present  running  to  Coos  Hay  and  the  Uinp(|ua 
and  Columbia  rivers. 

.\llen,  Samuel  W.,  engineer,  .Seattle,  Wash.,  is  a  native  of 
New  York  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  for 
eighteen  years,  most  of  the  time  on  the  Great  Lakes  and  on 
Pacific  Coast  steamers.  His  first  work  on  the  Sound  was  with 
the  steamer  Cflilo  in  iSSS. 

.\llisen,  William,  mate  on  .sailing  vessels,  Iihs  been  sailing 
north  from  ,San  Francisco  since  18S2  and  for  the  past  four  years 
has  been  second  mate  of  the  bark  ( '.  /■'.  k'niiur. 

Allyn,  Julius,  ma.ster  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Alyward,  James,  engineer,  Portland.  Or. 

Ames.  Capt.  C.  W..  is  a  native  of  Maine  and  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  with  the  steamer  Cily  o/'  Senlllr,  on  which  he  was 
engaged  for  si  veral  years.  When  the  Norlliwestern  Steamship 
Company  was  organized  he  was  given  conimand  of  the  new 
steamer  Kosalif  on  the  Victoria  route. 

Amy,  Capt.  A.  H.,  Illaine,  Wash.,  was  born  in  ICngland  in 
1S5S  and  came  to  Victoria  in  1861)  on  the  bark  S/iiYi/nv//.  He 
was  employed  in  the  coasting  trade  for  about  twenty  years  and 
since  iS.St)  has  been  running  sloops  on  the  .Sound. 

.Vnderson,  Capt.  .\.,  was  born  in  Deninark  ill  1S61  and 
began  sailing  on  tl.e  Pacific  Coast  on  the  brig  .■li<ii,'^i>  in  i.SSi. 
He  has  recently  been  connected  with  the  C.  /.'.  K'ltiiify. 

Anderson,  A.,  mate  on  schooner  Xt-'ltir,  San  Francisco. 

.\nderson.  A.,  mate,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1857  and  has 
been  coasting  north  from  San  Francisco  since  iSSj. 

Anderson,  A.  M.,  engineer.  Ho<|uiuni,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  i.S6j.  On  coining  to  this  country  he  was  engaged 
for  a  short  time  on  the  Columbia  River  in  iS,Si)  and  then  went 
to  Oray's  Harbor,  where  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  North- 
western Mill  Company,  serving  with  them  since  as  engineer  on 
their  steamers. 

.\iiderson,  Andrew,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Norway  ill  1866  and  has  been  sailing  north  from  San  Francisco 
since  1S87. 

Anderson,  Anton,  engineer,  was  born  in  .Sweden  in  iS^ji 
and  came  to  San  I'rancisco  in  1871.  He  went  to  Puget  Soun<l 
in  1875,  where  he  worked  as  deckhand  anil  fireman  on  the 
steamers  lUakely,  Xillif,  /.,phyi,  Soiih  Pacific  and  Aliju. 
About  iSS<i  he  arrived  on  the  Colninbia  River,  where  he  workeil 
as  fireman  and  second  engineer  on  a  numlicr  of  the  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company's  boats,  ami  as  chief  engineer 
on  the  steamers  .llloiia,  Kiimioiii  and  Hluood,  having  been  on 
the  hitter  for  the  past  two  years. 

Anderson,  C,  mate  on  coasting  vessels,  Sau  Francisco. 


Anderson,  .Anton  M.,  engineer,  Ho(|uiaiii,  Wash.,  has  been 
engaged  on  the  steamers  Knsllo,  litigui  and  Tyf>hooii. 

Anderson,  C.  O.,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  San  I'"rancisco. 
has  lieen  sailing  out  of  that  |>ort  since  1877.  He  has  had  coni- 
mand of  the  ship  Soullioii  Chief,  barks  Mciniioii  ami  Sonoma. 
and  schooner  JA'/ii. 

Anderson,  lidward,  mate,  San  Francisco. 

.Anderson,  Frank,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  began  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  18.S3  and  has  since  sailed  on  a  number  of  well 
known  coasters. 

Anderson,  Frank,  male,  was  born  at  sea  in  1S51  on  a  pilot 
schooner  in  the  (iulf  of  Dothnia.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
in  1S64  and  has  been  coasting  north  most  of  the  time  since. 
He  was  for  eleven  years  mate  on  the  bark  Tic/ii/  Wmv,  and  has 
recently  been  connected  with  the  bark  Mt-iriiiy  in  the  same 
capacity. 

Anderson,  Harry  R.,  .San  Francisco,  steamship  purser,  has 
been  employed  on  the  ^■Inii^ti  ,-ind  .hrnia  on  the  Coos  Hay  route 
for  the  past  two  years. 

Anderson,  Capt.  J.,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S68,  coin- 
ineiice<l  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  in  18.S5,  and  is  at  present 
master  of  the  schooner  Thocsa. 

.Anderson,  J.  J.,  mate,  Portland,  Or. 

Anderson,  J.  W.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1S57 
and  learned  his  trade  in  the  old  country,  cinning  to  the  Pacific 
Coast  (ui  the  steamship  Stiii/a  A't'sn  in  itS8j.  On  arrival  he 
spent  two  years  on  a  whaling  expedition  to  the  .Arctic,  joining 
the  steamship  Ci/y  i</  I'licbla  on  bis  return,  where  he  remained 
three  years  as  first  assistant.  He  then  joined  the  steamship 
Casf>iir  as  chief  for  a  few  months,  leaving  her  to  accept  a 
position  on  shore  with  the  Merchants'  Cold  Storage  Company. 

Anderson,  James,  purser  in  the  service  of  tfie  Columbia  S; 
Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Nelson,  H.  C. 

.Anderson,  John,  engineer,  has  been  on  the  Cnliiinbia  River 
since  1864,  where  he  began  on  the  steamer  Spiay  with  Capt. 
J.  H.  I).  I'lray.  In  i,S65  he  was  oil  the  Nc:  i\tci-  Chief  \s\\.\\ 
Capt.  Charles  Fclton,  and  in  iShfi  on  the  Yakima  with  Capt. 
v..  v.  Coe.  lie  coiitiiiue<l  running  on  all  of  the  .steamers  of 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company's  fleet  in  connection 
with  Captains  .Stump,  Holmes,  Sampson,  Pingston,  Troup. 
Wilson,  Itaughinan  ami  olhers.  He  is  at  present  engineer  on 
the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company's  boats  running 
out  of  Portland. 

.Anderson,  John,  master,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Nor- 
way in  1.S55  ami  has  been  engaged  ill  steamboating  on  Puget 
.Sound  since  i,S,S,S, 

.Anderson,  John,  surfnian  life-saving  station,  Handoii,  Or. 

.Anderson,  John  .Alfred,  mate  on  sailing  vessels  in  the 
coasting  trade,  has  been  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  since  i,S,S6. 

.Anderson,  Capt.  K.,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  Norway  in 
1.S47  and  coniineiiced  coasting  out  of  San  F'rancisco  in  1880. 
lie  was  first  in  coniinand  of  the  schooner  Amethyst,  going 
from  her  to  the  I'linka,  .llhiaii.  May  llowir,  .lliiiia  aiul 
ihion,  and  is  still  in  ooinniantl  of  the  latter. 

Anderson,  .\I.,  mate  of  sailing  vessels,  has  been  coasting 
north  from  .Sail  I'rancisco  since  1S84.  He  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  C.  A'.  A'tti/icy. 

.Anilerson,  M.,  mate  of  the  barkentine  C.  C  Fiiiik,  .San 
I'ranci.sco. 

Anderson.  Max,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  ,San  I'rancisco. 

Anderson,  Olof  !!.,  master  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has 
been  steamboating  on  the  Souinl  since  iS.S<).  and  recently  has 
had  charge  of  the  tjiiickstcf*  on  I,ake  Washington. 

Amlerson,  Olof  mate,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S60  ami 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  .S(';h/«ii/(  in  1.S71.  On  arrival 
he  beg.'iii  running  coastwise,  since  then  has  run  as  mate  on  the 
/imiaiiza.  Hatha  Polhiei ,  Tait'ot,  Levi  (..  /•'«;.!,' I'.tt,  Ivy  and 
Louise,  and  is  now  sailing  in  that  capacity  on  the  latter  vessel. 

.Anderson,  Peter,  engineer,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1S61 
and  came  to  tile  United  States  in  187.S,  He  serveil  on  .Atlantic 
steamers  until  1S.S2,  when  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coa.st.  Ik- 
was  first  engaged  on  the  steamer  Sanlimyx  as  fireman,  was  next 
first  assistant  on  the  Coos  Hay,  then  served  on  a  tugboat  of  the 
Red  .Stack  line  for  ten  years,  ami  is  at  present  chief  of  the  tug 
Active. 

Anderson,  ,Swan,  ferryman,  I'ir,  Wa.sli.,  was  formerly  with 
the  steamers  .Skaj;it  Chief  and  (Hide. 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  fhe  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


459 


Anileraon,  Peter,  mate,  Victoria,  It.  C. 

Aimer,  Allwrl,  iiialf,  Seattle,  Wasli. 

Apolloii,  Kdgar,  steward,  Sar.  I'Vaiicisro. 

Arlmckle,  Matthew,  engineer,  Victoria.  II.  C. 

Ardeiitlel,  R.  A.,  first  oficcr  steamship  Wanimoo. 

Arey,  Cupt.  T.  R.,  I'ort  Ilaillock,  Wash.,  Iiegan  sailiiiK  ill 
the  coastiiiK  trade  in  I.S65  and  is  at  present  master  of  the 
liarkciitiney.  -'/.  liiiffilh. 

ArfT,  Pred,  master  of  the  scliooner  Maid  of  OiUaiis,  has 
been  sailing  out  of  San  I'raii^isco  since  1S7S. 

ArfT,  Capt.  I'reil  '1'.,  Aherdeeii,  Wasli. 

ArmslroiiK.  J.  I'.,  enKincer,  Wenalcliie,  Wash.,  commenced 
steamiKiatiiix  on  I'lifjet  Sound  in  i,s,S9.  lie  has  served  on  the 
steamers  /Iminr.  /ola,  II ii.vro,  Maiin-.  .Ilia  and  Tolo,  and  in 
1X9^  went  to  tile  upper  Cohimbia.  where  lie  has  since  been 
eiiKaxed  on  the  steamers  t';7i'  i>/ /illeiishiiit;  anil  7".  /. .  A'/ro/;. 

Ashworth,  Rirhird,  engineer,  Snohoinish,  Wash.,  was  first 
engaKed  in  the  Northwest  in  iSH,^  on  the  steamer  lift',  lie  has 
recently  been  running  on  the  steamer  Kallicriiu: 

Asniusseu,  M.,  mate,  was  born  in  Cermany  in  1S69  and  has 
been  sailiiiK  north  from  San  I'rancisco  for  seven  years,  most  of 
the  time  on  lumber  vessels.  I  le  has  recently  been  engaged  on 
the  Siidif. 

Astredo,  J.  C,  purser,  I'ort  Townsend,  Wash.,  is  a  native  of 
San  I'rancisco  and  has  been  running  north  on  coasting  steam- 
ships since  1885.  He  was  purser  on  the  steamship  Idaho  when 
she  was  lost  on  Race  Rocks. 

Austin,  Harry  J.,  purser  steameryouw,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

.Vverill,  W.  C,  ship-carpenter,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1.S14 
and  licgan  working  at  his  traile  in  the  Northwest  in  |8<>7.  Av 
died  at  Steilacoom  in  1894. 

Axelson,  Capt.  Charles,  Nanaimo,  R.  C. 

Babbe,  Capt.  Krank,  Arlington,  Or.,  was  born  in  dermany 
in  1862.  On  coming  to  the  I'acific  Coast  he  was  engaged  un'il 
1885  on  sailing  vessels  out  of  San  rrarcisco.  then  went  to  the 
upper  Columbia,  and  for  several  years  has  had  charge  of  the 
ferry  steamer  .■llkali  at  .Arlington. 

Ilalibidge,  Capt.  Wilbur  W.,  was  born  in  Astoria  in  1S71. 
His  first  steaiuboatiiig  was  on  the  Dixit'  'i'/ioniftsott  in  18S6,  and 
he  has  .since  had  cominand  of  the  Lily  of  .htoiio.  A'.  Milii, 
(iiiitf,  Alaim  and  Hlfcltii,  being  a  part  owner  in  the  la'S'r 
steamer.  He  is  a  son  of  Capt.  Jolin  W.  Habbiilge  an<l  » 
thorough  steaniboatmau. 

Dabbingtoii,  Capt.  James  Hoyle.  Vancouver,  H.  C,  was  born 
in  Ireland  in  1841  and  conimenced  his  marine  service  at  Liver- 
pool, Kngland.  lie  ran  for  several  years  on  sailing  vessels  and 
was  then  for  ten  years  chief  ollioer  in  the  Inmaii  line.  Return- 
ing to  sailing  vessels,  he  was  four  years  master  iu  the  African 
trade,  and  a  similar  length  of  time  in  the  China  and  San  l-'ran- 
cisco  traflic.  He  came  to  Hurrard's  Inlet  in  18S6  and  purchased 
a  tug,  which  he  is  still  operating. 

Babbington,  Capt.  Thomas,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  born  in 
Liverpool,  Kngland,  in  1846.  He  li.ts  been  coiitieiled  with  the 
marine  business  for  thirty-two  years  and  was  for  several  years 
pilot  of  deep-water  ships  iu  the  Victoria  district. 

Habcock,  James,  mate.  New  Westniinsler,  H.  C,  was  born 
in  Newfouuillaiid  iu  1865  and  has  been  engaged  iu  British 
Columbia  waters  since  1887. 

Baldwin,  W.  I,.,  engineer,  Ballard,  Wash. 
Bale,  A.  J.,  mate,  Ciig  Harbor,  Wash. 
Ball,  C.  1).,  master  anil  pilot.  Tacinii;!,  Wash. 
Ballard,  W.  I,.,  pursei,  'raconia.  Wash. 
Balmanno,  Andrew,  mate  and  pilot,  was  born  iu  (leneva, 
N.  v.,  in  1840.     He  enlerid  the  einplny  of  the  (Jrcgon  .Steam 
Navigation  Company  in  1872,  ran  on  their  steamers  for  several 
years,  was  mate  on  the  .^  .o%ho»t\  and  was  with  her  when  she 
came  over  the  Ca^iail  s.     He  is  now  living  in  I'nrtland. 

Banks,  Henry,  engiii.'er,  was  born  in  London  in  1.S53  and 
came  to  the  racitic  Coast  of  the  steamship  ./Ari.v/vm  in  1887. 
On  arrival  he  joined  the  tug  .  Ilixaiidi'i;  on  which  he  served  for 
two  and  a  halt  years.  He  was  afterward  second  engineer  on  the 
hahel  and  served  on  a  miniber  of  other  well  known  British 
Columbia  .steamers.  He  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the 
I'.aiie. 

Barey,  Capt.  John  J.,  .^^cttttle,  Wash. 

Barlow,  Capt.  ("icorgc  W.,  Taconia,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Michigan  in  1842.  He  w.is  first  intereslcd  in  sleamboating  on 
Ihe  Ciilnnibia  River  mi  the  steamers  /uii;/i;  A'liwi,"'',  U'en/ool 
and  Wash  •>; Ion.  He  has  also  run  011  the  slettmer.<  /i/ica 
.  IndersOH,  L  i/y  of  (Juiiuy  and  /niiliv  (uxhtil.  and  is  at  present 
on  the  Skai;il  Cliiif. 

Barrett,  John,  Victoria.  B  C  .  now  of  Ihe  British  American 
Canning  Company,  was  formerly  iu  the  fishery  and  murine 
service. 


Bamason,  Capt.  John,  ship  broker,  Port  Townsend,  Wash. 

Barnea,  Walter,  steward  steaiiuhip  Comox,  Vaneonver,  B.  C. 

Barry,  Capt.  John  J.,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  New- 
foundland in  i8j8  and  came  to  Victoria  in  i,S86.  Por  the  |iast 
two  and  a  half  years  he  has  lieeii  master  of  the  steamer  Sadii: 

Bash,  William,  shipping  commissioner,  I'ort  Townsend, 
Wash. 

Bates,  Frcnk  S.,  secretary  of  the  Washington  Board  of  Pilot 
Commissioners,  Ilwaco,  Wash. 

Baxter,  Rot>ert,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Beale,  Henry  I).,  engineer,  New  Westminster,  B.  C. 

Beaniis,  E.  P.,  purser  steamship  Columbia,  San  l-'runcisco. 

Beard,  Capt.  Albert  K  ,  was  born  in  Council  Bliilfs,  Iowa,  in 
1857.  He  came  to  the  Columbia  Ri%er  in  1874,  liegan  running 
on  small  steamers  out  of  Astoria,  and  since  then  has  tieeii 
employed  on  nearly  all  of  the  small  steamers  running  out  of 
that  port.  He  served  lor  five  years  on  the  lilicliii;  and  was 
also  for  a  long  time  on  the  .•frxoiiaul,  Chinook  and  Edilh. 

Beaton,  W.,  mate,  San  l''rancisco. 

Beck,  Capt.  il.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  184,^  and  came  to 
the  Pacifir  Coast  in  1866.  In  1.868  he  was  muster  of  the  schooner 
l.i::ie  Adams,  He  hail  charge  of  the  sealing  schooner 
Sevenly-six  in  1873,  has  since  wen  connected  with  various 
steamers,   and   is  at  present   master  and  part   owner  of  the 

Beck,  Capt.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1841  and  came 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1870.  He  has  been  muster  of  coasting 
vessels  for  over  twenty  years,  during  the  la.st  three  of  which  he 
has  had  charge  of  the  schooner  MoHteny. 

Beebe,  Charles  p.,  Portland,  agent  for  Sutton  &  Reebe's 
dispatch  line  of  sailing  ves.sels  between   Portland  S:  New  Vork. 

Beethani,  !•;.,  second  officer  Kniforss  of  Japan,  \ancouver, 
B.  C. 

Behrens,  H.,  master  of  .sailing  vessels,  has  been  sailing  on 
the  Piicific  Coast  since  1869. 

Bell,  ("leorge  W.,  ma.ster  and  pilot,  Astoria,  Or. 

Bellamore,  C.  I,.,  engineer,  .Seattle,  Wash.,  was  lioru  in 
Michigan  in  1854  and  comnienced  his  marine  career  on  the 
Great  Lukes.  He  came  to  Seattle  in  1889  and  joined  the  tug 
.S'.  '..  .l/.-Ji/(V^  as  chief  lor  two  years.  He  al'lerward  served  in 
the  same  capacity  on  the  A'.  /'.  Elmort-  of  .Astoria  for  a  year, 
on  the  Rainier  of  Seattle  for  the  same  length  of  time,  and  is  at 
present  second  assistant  on  the  whaleback  Cily  of  iii't-itil, 

Bellew,  J.  W.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Missouri  in  1861  and 
commenced  steanilioating  on  the  Clatsofi  Chiif  o\\  the  Wil- 
lamette ir.  i:>82.  His  first  position  as  chief  engineer  was  with 
the  A'amona,  and  he  has  since  been  engaged  on  the  .Maria, 
Salim  and  Altona. 

Belloir,  Oeorge  M.,  engineer,  Olynipia,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  New  York  in  1850.  He  has  been  .steamlioating  on  I'uget 
.Sound  for  several  years,  most  of  the  time  in  the  enipliiy  of  the 
Willey  Steamboat  Company. 

Beudegard,  M.,  muster,  t)aklanil,  Cal.,  was  born  in  Den- 
mark and  lias  followed  the  marine  business  for  thirty-si.x  years 
He  was  first  connected  with  the  schooner  Ci;(ii/;«('  and  is  at 
present  master  of  the  steamer  Signal. 

Benhani,  Capt.  .Arthur.  Hoi|uiam,  Wash  ,  was  born  in  Min- 
nesota in  1.S66  and  has  liecn  steumboating  oil  dray's  Harbor 
for  the  past  six  years. 

Beuneclie,  ().  1*'.,  mate,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1.S62  and 
has  been  sailing  out  of  San  I'rancisi'o  since  1879,  most  of 
the  time  on  vessels  in  the  coasting  trade. 

Bennett,  J.  J.  mate  and  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born 
iu  Maine  in  185^.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the  I'acific  Coast 
since  |8,S6,  and  was  nuuster  of  the  sliip  /iriuson  in  1.89^  when 
she  was  lost  .'it  Barclay  Sound.  He  has  recently  been  run- 
ning as  first  ollicer  on  the  bark  (Ue.non. 

Bennett,  Capt.  John  T.,  Oak  Hay,  A'ictoria,  B.  C,  a  retired 
muster  mariner,  was  born  at  St.  Stephen,  N.  B.,  in  i8.vs.  and 
began  sailing  out  of  St.  John's  iu  1,85  v  He  has  followed  the 
sea  but  little  in  the  Northwest. 

Bennett,  Richard,  shipbuilder,  Victoria,  11.  C. 

Benson.  Oeorge  K.,  mute,  Srohomish,  Wash. 

llergnian,  Capt.  Charles  }•',.,  I'^vcrett,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  1855.  He  has  been  steaiuboatiiig  on  I'liget  Sound 
since  1879,  and  is  at  present  in  charge  of  the  Mikado. 

Berlie,  Frank,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  rnuiiiiig 
out  of  San  Francisco  since  1877. 

Berry.  Charlen  Cordon,  chief  engineer  of  steainsliip  Cnlth, 
Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Scollaml  in  i8,';9  and  has  been 
connected  with  the  marine  business  in  various  part.i  of  the 
world  for  twenty  years. 

Bertranil,  .A.  M.,  Portland,  Or.,  mate  on  river  sleamers, 
was  born  in  Butteville,  Or.,  ill  I.S.sv 


46o 


Lewia  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Bertelsen,  Morris,  mate,  has  been  coastinf;  north  from  San 
Francisco  for  twenty  years,  and  has  recently  lieeu  engaged  on 
tlie  barkentine  North  Bend. 

Bessing,  J.  J.,  engineer,  was  l>orn  in  France  in  iSjj,  and 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1875.  He  was  machinist  on  the 
Unite<l  States  steamer  Hassler  for  three  years  and  was  after- 
ward on  the  Sanla  Kosa  as  oiler,  water-tender  and  third  and 
second  assistant.  He  8ul>9e<|uently  served  as  first  assistant  on 
the  Crescent  Ciiy,  Afartinan'  and  Excelsior,  oaA  as  chief  on 
the  Noyo  and  Lakme.    He  resides  at  Berkeley,  Cal. 

Bctts,  W.  A.,  river  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Beutzien,  Capt.  Charles,  master  of  dredge  j-lnacondn,  Ta- 
conia,  has  been  engaged  with  the  Bowers  Dredge  Company  for 
the  past  six  years. 

Bierseth,  Nicholas,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Biggs,  Albert  E.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
New  Brunswick  in  1864.  He  commenced  his  murine  work  in 
the  Northwest  on  the  steamship  Ancon  in  188H  and  was  after- 
ward on  the  Evangel,  Willapa,  and  a  number  of  other  well 
known  steamers. 

Billings,  Grant,  engineer,  Olynipia,  Wash. 

Binns,  S.  C,  assistant  purser  of  steamship  ^Empress  0/ 
India,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Bird,  Edward,  engineer,  began  his  marine  career  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  1875  after  working  four  years  at  the  Ris<lon 
Iron  Works,  San  Francisco.  He  served  in  various  capacities 
on  the  steamships  Orizaba,  Idaho  and  State  0/  California  until 
iH8a,  when  he  leceived  his  license  and  joined  the  tug /sV/tW 
and  Jt/anon  as  chief  engineer.  He  was  chief  of  two  or  three 
other  tuglioats  and  then  remained  ashore  for  about  four  years, 
wheu  he  went  back  to  the  water  as  first  assistant  on  the  Cclia, 
Cosinopofis,  Westpoit,  Arago  and  Navarro.  He  was  chief  of 
the  !atter  vessel  for  a  short  time  and  about  a  year  ii^o  was 
appointed  to  the  same  position  on  the  Newsioy,  in  which 
capacity  he  is  still  running. 

Bird,  F.  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1848  and  began  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  on  the  Afariii 
lyUkins.  After  leaving  the  Columbia  River  he  followed  his 
profession  as  engineer  on  a  number  of  Puget  Sound  steamers 

Birkenshaw,  Ceorge  V.,  engineer,  was  born  in  England  in 
1856.  He  came  to  San  Francisco  in  1876  and  has  since  been 
engaged  on  steamers  running  coastwise  and  on  tugboats  on 
Shoalwater  Bay  and  Gray's  Harbor.  He  has  served  on  the  tugs 
Hunter,  Astoria,  Cruiser  and  steamer  South  Jieiid,  and  has 
recently  been  employed  on  the  steamship  George  II'.  Elder. 
Before  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  he  ran  for  two  years  lietween 
New  York  and  Liverpool. 

Bishop,  Harry  F.,  purser,  was  born  in  England  in  1860  and 
has  been  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  since  1880.  His  first 
service  was  with  the  Cassiar,  which  he  left  in  1881  to  enter  the 
employ  of  Captain  Irving,  with  whom  he  has  remained  contin- 
uously for  nearly  fifteen  years,  serving  as  purser  on  all  of  the 
steamers  owned  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company. 

Bishop,  F.  E.  J.,  steward  of  steamship  Tacoma,  Taconin, 
Wash. 

Bisset,  David  C,  steward  of  Empress  of  China,  Vancouver, 
B.  C. 

Bittel,  John,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  commenced  coasting 
north  from  San  Francisco  on  the  bark  kival  in  1876.  He  has 
recently  Ijeen  engaged  on  the  schooner  Theresa. 

Bjorn,  Capt.  E.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1852  and  began 
sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  about  1875  He  ran  as  seaman  on 
a  number  of  well  known  coasters  and  as  mate  on  the  schooners 
Dashing  Ifave,  Liberia,  Twilight,  Ida  Snow  and  C.  /.'.  //ay- 
H'ord.  He  was  then  appointed  master  of  the  schooner 
Enterprise,  which  was  lost  off  Crescent  City  in  1883,  and  has 
since  commanded  the  schooners  Howard,  I  ega,  General  /tan- 
ning, /.aura  Afadison,  the  bark  Aferom,  and  the  four-masted 
schooner  Meteor,  of  which  he  still  has  charge. 

Black,  Edwin  C  San  Francisco,  engineer  of  '"nited  States 
lighthouse  tender  Madrona. 

Blackett,  Capt.  J.  C,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1827. 
His  first  marine  business  was  in  the  Newfoundland  trade.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  about  thirteen  years  ago,  but  has 
engaged  but  little  in  the  business  since  his  arrival.  lie  raised 
and  repaired  the  bark  Connaught,  wrecked  in  Victoria  harbor, 
and  was  also  interested  in  the  steam  schooner  Triumph.  At 
present  he  is  engaged  in  mining  at  Jervin  Inlet,  B.  C. 

Blackwood,  E.  E.,  agent  of  Puget  Sound  &  Alaska  Steam- 
ship Company,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Blackwood,  Frank  E.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Blair,  Tudor  G.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Gardiner,  Me.,  and 
commenced  steamboating  on  the  Ella  ll'hile  in  1883.  He  was 
afterward  engaged  on  the  steamers  /lelle,  J.eonora,  .Senator, 
North  hici/ic,  Olympian,  Hassalo,  Siagit  Chief,  CilyofSeallte, 
/'.dilh  and  otl.ers.     He  retired  f.om  the  water  in  1.S94  to  accept 


a  position  with  the  Seattle  Water  Works,  and  died  suddenly  a 
few  months  later. 

Blanch,  A.  J.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  running 
north  from  San  Francisco  for  twenty  years. 

Blanchard,  H.  D.,  purser,  was  born  in  Vancouver,  Wash., 
in  1S66.  He  has  been  in  tlie  employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  & 
Navigation  Company  on  the  Columbia  River  and  Puget  Sonml 
for  ten  years,  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  Willamette 
River  boats. 

Blekum,  E.,  mate  on  Sound  steamers,  .Seattle,  Wash. 

Blekuni,  Harold,  nia.ster,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Bliun,  W.  P.,  engineer,  Port  Townsend,  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1858.  His  first  marine  work  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was 
on  the  steamship  ll'alla  U'allii,  and  he  was  afterward  on  the 
steamship  yietoria  when  she  was  wrecked.  He  is  at  present 
chief  engineer  of  the  tug  A'ichard  Holyoke. 

Bliss,  Arthur,  engineer,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1865.  His  first  marine  service  in  the  North- 
west was  on  the  Puget  Sound  steamer  Gypsy  Queen  in  1886, 
and  he  w.'is  subsei|uently  engaged  on  the  Messenger,  Otter, 
Glide  and  a  number  of  other  steamers. 

Bliss,  M.  J.,  purser,  Portland,  Or. 

Bloomsbury,  J.  W.,  engineer,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
New  Jersey  in  1H64.  His  first  Puget  .Sound  .steanilioatiiig  was 
on  the  Goliah.  He  was  afterward  on  the  Clara  /Irown  and  a 
number  of  other  steamers. 

Bloor,  Arthur  J.,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
England  in  18611  and  has  been  steamboating  at  Victoria  since 
1884,  where  he  began  on  the  l^ottie. 

Blulini,  Gus,  mate  and  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born 
in  Germany  in  1848.  For  the  past  few  months  he  has  been 
mate  of  the  barkentine  Omega. 

Hodman,  Charles  H.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Reading,  Ohio, 
in  1850,  and  died  at  Spokane,  Wash.,  I'diruary  9,  1894.  He 
was  for  many  years  one  of  the  best  known  engineers  in  the 
service  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  and  followed 
his  profession  on  Piiget  Sound  and  the  Snake,  Willametto  and 
Columbia  rivers. 

Bolgtr,  John,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

DoUes,  Capt.  Frederick.  In  sketch  on  page  134,  latter  part 
of  ninth  line,  should  read  ;  "  longer  than  two  nights  at  sea  on 
the  up  trip"  instead  of  "one  night  at  .sea  on  the  down  trip." 

Bollong,  Capt.  John  S.,  was  born  in  Boston  in  lS6<).  He 
sailed  on  tlic  .\tl.iiitic  Coast  until  18S7,  when  he  came  to  I'nget 
Sound  anil  joined  the  steamer  /\ainier  He  was  afterward  on 
the  tugs  (.'«<■<■«  Cily  and  /)is(overy,  and  in  September,  1891, 
took  coniinand  of  the  tug  Tacoma,  where  he  still  remains. 

Bone,  P.,  iiia.ster  and  pilot,  was  liorn  in  Denmark.  He 
liegan  his  marine  service  in  the  old  country,  but  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  ill  1867  and  joined  the  steamship  J'acific  as 
seaman,  running  on  her  and  the  steamship  /'elican.  Captain 
Carroll,  for  more  than  two  years.  He  then  went  on  the  tug 
Fannie,  and  in  1S74  was  mate  on  the  tug  Mary  Ann  on 
Humboldt  Hay.  He  entered  the  HumboMt  bar  service,  ami 
remained  there  until  1S90,  when  he  accented  his  present  posi- 
tion as  male  and  pilot  on  the  steamship  Humboldt. 

Hone,  Stanley,  electrical  engineer  of  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  Company's  steamship  Empress  of  China. 

Bosselman,  John,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Bosworlh,  F.  S.,  master  and  marine  surveyor,  Porilaiid,  Or. 

Houghton,  Capt.  J.,  Ciuur  d'Alene,  Idaho,  was  born  in  Wis- 
consin in  1861  -uid  worked  for  a  short  lime  on  the  Mississippi 
River.  He  came  to  Cd'ur  d'Alene  in  1883  and  is  at  present 
master  and  owner  of  the  steam  launch  Edna. 

Bourne,  Ulysses,  engineer,  was  born  in  Marin  County,  Cal., 
in  1870  and  is  at  present  engaged  on  the  .steamer  /Itta  /!. 

Howden,  Capt.  C.  E.,  was  born  in  New  Zealand  in  1854. 
He  sailed  out  of  .Vustralian  ports  for  a  few  years  and  in  1S75 
came  to  Puget  Sound,  working  on  several  of  the  small  steamers. 
He  has  for  the  past  few  years  been  master  of  the  /..  J.  i'errr. 

Howden,  R.,  second  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
England  in  1855.  He  has  been  in  service  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
since  1886  and  for  the  past  three  years  has  been  engaged  on  the 
/Sundaleer,  and  on  the  ll'achussclt  with  Captain  Williams. 

Howcn,  C.  A.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Wisconsin.  He  has 
been  on  the  Sound  twenty- four  years,  where  he  began  running 
on  the  old  Chehalis.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  connected 
with  a  number  of  steamers  and  at  present  is  on  the  Mascolle. 

Boyil,  Harry  C,  was  liorn  in  New  York  in  185(1.  He  ran  as 
purser  and  pilot  on  the  Willamette  River  on  all  of  the  steamers 
of  the  Willamette  Locks  &  Transportation  Company  from  1872 
to  1876,  He  retired  from  steamljoating  many  years  ago  and 
is  now  in  the  insurance  b.isiness  in  San  I'"raiicisco. 

Boyd,  John  J.,  mate  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1858.  He  has  Iieeii  coasting  north  from  San  Francisco  since 
1875  and  has  recently  lieen  engaged  on  the  ship  l.ouis  ll'alsh. 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


461 


Boydeii,  William,  eiiKineer,  Brooklyn,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Vermont  in  1848.  His  first  work  on  PiiKet  Sound  was  on  the 
steamer  Phaiilom  in  1884,  and  he  has  since  been  engaged  on  a 
number  of  small  steamers,  among  tbeni  the  steam  schooner  Leo 
and  the  Haftid  Transit. 

no/.orth,  Milton  B.,  ticket  agent  of  the  Oregon  Railway  & 
Navigation  Company,  Astoria,  Ur, 

Bradrord,  William,  mate  and  pilot,  Tacoma,  Wash, 

Brandt,  H.,  stewaril,  San  Krancisco. 

Brandow,  J.  H.,  pilot  on  steamer  City  of  Kingston,  Tacoma, 
Wash. 

Brant,  Harry,  mate  on  coasting  schooners,  resides  at 
Gardiner,  Or.  He  was  mate  on  the  schooner  ISobolink  wheu 
she  was  wrecked. 

Brnzee,  Albert  L.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Washington  in 
i,S62.  He  has  been  connected  with  a  number  of  small  steamers 
on  the  Willamette  ami  Columbia  rivers  since  18S0  and  has 
recently  been  employed  on  the  lli.tinairk. 

Breen,  Robert,  Bandon,  Or.,  surfman  at  life-saving  station. 

Bremner,  E.  I*.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Brcnnan,  Capt.  J.,  was  liorn  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  1848, 
and  commenced  coasting  on  Long  Island  Sound  when  a  boy. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  i8b6  as  seaman  on  the  b.irk 
A'ival  and  in  1874  was  mate  on  the  brig  Hidalgo.  He  was 
master  of  the  brig  Tanneim  1S75  and  has  since  served  in  the 
same  capacity  on  the  barkentiue  Milaiuilion,  brig  //'.  //. 
Afnrrs,  bark  Hciiiy  Utiik,  ships  Palestine  and  Alaska,  and  for 
the  past  two  years  has  been  master  of  the  schooner  C.  H. 
Manhant. 

Brennan,  William,  master,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  l)orn  in 
Hiigland  in  1854  and  came  to  British  Columbia  in  1886. 

Bridgeman,  Capt.  \\.  C,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Iviigland  in  iS.|6.  He  sailed  in  deep-water  ships  until  1882, 
when  he  coninienced  steamboating  un  Puget  Sound.  He  has 
since  been  eugageil  on  several  well  known  steamers  there  and 
in  British  Columbia  waters,  and  has  recently'  had  charge  of  the 
lug  Mamie. 

Uriggs.  Albert  J  ,  ticket  agent  of  the  Canadian  P.icific  Navi- 
gation Company,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Kingston, 
Ontario,  in  1S45.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  the  R.  /'. 
h'illul  in  18S2,  running  as  purser  on  the  Kraser  River  and 
Victoria  routes  for  four  years,  and  has  also  served  on  the 
steamers  linlei prise,  /'linass  /.oiii.se  and  Western  Slof>r. 

B.iggs,  Thomas  Iv.,  agent  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Naviga- 
tion Company,  New  Westminster,  H.  C,  was  born  in  Kingston, 
Ontario,  in  18(9  He  was  interested  with  Capt  John  Irving  in 
the  purchase  of  the  steamer  Wilson  (•'.  HunI,  and  has  acted  as 
agent  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  since  its 
nrgani/ation. 

Brock,  Capt.  Kugene  U.,  was  born  at  Rock  Island,  Or.,  and 
has  been  steamboating  since  1867,  his  first  command  being  the 
steamer  Katata,  running  from  Astoria  to  Skipanon.  He  is  at 
present  living  at  Astoria. 

Brokaw,  Oilbert  H.,  San  I'raucisco,  inaslerof  tug  Alert. 

Hrown.  Alexander  K.,  wharfinger  at  I'.ie  outer  wharf,  \*ic- 
loria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  I'inland  in  18=6  and  began  sailing  on 
this  coast  out  of  San  l-'rancisco  in  tlie  (heat  tl'estetn  in  1878. 
He  retired  from  the  water  several  years  ago. 

Brown,  Capt.  Charles,  was  norn  in  Germany  in  1840.  He 
came  to  .San  l-'raticisco  in  1859  autl  has  been  steadily  engaged 
in  the  coasting  Ir.ide  since,  with  the  exception  of  occasional 
trips  to  .Australia  and  other  foreign  pints.  He  h.-is  been  master 
since  1870,  and  has  had  charge  of  the  brig  II  illaiiiet/e,  hark 
r/ii;  (I  A'.  .S"h/;7,  schooners  CrCi///  /'earl,  Ij'ndaiinled,  Hoholink, 
Eureka,  /htisy  Kowe,  J.  C.  Ford  iiiu\  Del  Xoile,  on  the  latter 
of  which  he  is  at  present. 

Brown,  Douglas,  mate  of  tug  Lome,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

lirown,  George  J.,  engineer,  was  born  in  California  in  1858. 
He  commenced  steainboatinL'  jii  the  Emma  //ay'eard  on  the 
Columbia  River  in  1S7S,  ' -■    ,  .  .Terent  capacities  on 

nearlv  all  the  steamer-;  „..  m^  ,i>er.  At  present  he  is  living  at 
The  Dalles   Or. 

Brown.  H.,  male  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Sweden  in 
i8|9  anil  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1873.  He  has  run  as 
male  and  inaster  on  a  number  of  well  known  coasters  and  for 
the  past  six  vears  has  been  mate  on  the  schooner  diaries  E. 
Ealk. 

Brown,  Capt.  J.  A.,  stevedore,  Portlh'id,  Or. 

Brown,  James  W. ,  engineer,  Marshfield,  Or.,  was  born  in 
.Scotland  in  1S58.  He  commenced  his  marine  service  on  the 
steaniery//«(»,  where  he  remained  as  engineer  for  eight  years. 
He  was  afterward  in  the  same  capacity  on  the  tug  A'atie  Cook, 
steamers  .Innie,  Ceres,  Comet  and  others,  and  has  recently 
been  engaged  on  the  tug  Tonqiiin.  He  has  held  an  engineer's 
license  for  nineteen  years. 


Brown,  Capt.  John,  keeper  of  the  North  Cove  Life-saving 
Station,  was  Imrn  in  Norway  in  liy).  On  coming  to  this 
country  he  began  steamboating  on  the  Okanogan  aniT  Tenino, 
remaining  on  the  river  until  1872,  when  he  went  to  Shoalwater 
Bay  and  with  a  plunger  carried  the  mail  four  years  lietween 
Oysterville,  North  Cove  and  Willapa.  He  afterward  was 
master  of  the  steamers  .Vdw//;  /lend,  Harfield  and  Montesano, 
with  which  he  carried  the  mail  for  seven  years.  He  was  given 
charge  of  the  life-saving  station  in  1884  and  has  rendered 
assistance  in  fourteen  cases  of  shipwreck. 

Brown,  Justus,  chief  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in 
Watertown,  New  Vork,  in  1838.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
in  1861  and  joined  the  steamer  /Irot/ier  Jonat/iau,  with  which 
he  ran  north  for  three  years,  leaving  her  to  go  on  the  New 
World  for  a  year.  He  was  afterward  coiiiKcted  with  the 
steamers  Antelope,  Cornelia,  Enterprise,  J  ilia,  Amador  and 
City  of  .Stockton,  serving  as  chief  of  the  latter  for  eight  years. 
He  then  alternated  for  six  years  with  the  /ifary  darratt  and 
W  alter,  after  which  he  ran  south  for  a  year  on  the  steamsbip> 
Senator.  He  is  at  present  engaged  on  the  Captain  Weber,  and 
has  held  an  engineer'"  license  for  twenty-four  years. 

Brown,  P.  A.,  master  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been 
engaged  on  I'uget  Sound  since  1884. 

Brown,  Capt.  R.  S.,  was  born  in  Bni^land  in  1849.  He 
began  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  1  fig  Tanner,  of  which 
he  had  been  master  for  seven  years.  He  Has  also  coinmanded 
various  other  vessels  on  the  coast. 

Brown,  W.  A.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Boston  in  1833  and 
liegaii  sailing  between  Atlantic  Coast  and  European  ports.  In 
1,855  I's  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  .ship  /''earless,  making 
the  passage  in  124  days.  On  reaching  San  I''rancisco  he  shipped 
on  the  schooner  Rising  .Sun  for  a  short  time,  but  soon  left 
her  and  joined  the  steamship  /fumlioldt,  where  he  remained 
eighteen  months.  Hs  next  went  on  the  steamer  (iotden  dale 
on  a  wrecking  expedition  lastirg  four  months.  In  1,865  he 
designed  and  placed  the  machinery  of  the  steamer  Redmond, 
and  afterward  worked  several  years  on  shore  for  the  Spring 
Valley  Water  Works.  .Several  years  ago  he  bougl- 1  tne  steamer 
J/;///'' and  has  since  run  her  as  a  towboat,  ser  ing  on  her  as 
engineer. 

Brownfield,  C.  H.,  engineer,  .Seattle,  Wash.,  begun  steam- 
boating on  the  Addie  on  Puget  Sound  in  1877,  and  has  since 
been  connected  with  a  •lumlier  of  well  known  vessels  on  the 
.Sound.     He  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  steamer  Waseo. 

Brownlie,  A.,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  has  been  engaged 
oil  the  steamers  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company 
since  1883. 

Brownson,  Charles,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Bruce,  W.  E.,  master  and  pilot,  Astoria,  Or. 

Brunger,  Daniel  G.,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Brunger,  Prank,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Brnnn,  Simon,  master  of  steamer  Edit/i  E..  Seattle,  Wash. 

Brunner,  Robert  R.,  San  p'rancisco,  master  of  schooner 
//.  C.  Wright. 

Bruun,  Capt.  P.,  Sealtle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in 
1837.  He  came  to  San  P'rancisco  on  a  sailing  vessel  in  1.S58 
and  engaged  in  steamboating  on  the  .Sacri-.mento  River  uniil 
1879.  when  he  came  to  the  .Sound  and  joined  the  Fanny  /.ake. 
He  has  since  been  connected  with  a  number  of  small  vessels 
around  the  Sound,  the  last  being  the  steamer  Wasp. 

Brydsen,  .Mbert,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Bnehanon.  Capt.  Duncan,  San  I'raiicisco,  was  born  in 
England  in  1846  and  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coa.st  for  about 
thirteen  years. 

Huckard,  N.,  mate,  was  born  in  St.  John's,  New  Drunswiek, 
in  1.S53,  and  has  been  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  at  intervals 
for  nearly  twenty  years. 

Bndlong,  Capt.  George  R.,  was  born  ill  New  Vork  in  1,850 
and  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1870.  He  has  had  no  connection 
with  merchant  vessels,  but  has  run  a  number  of  sleani  yachts 
and  pleasure  boats  around  Puget  Sound.  He  is  proprietor  of  a 
boat-house  at  Seattle. 

Bull,  Kniid,  mate  and  master,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1859. 
He  has  been  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  since  i.S,S6,  serving 
on  the  steamers  Traveler,  A/onte'ano,  A/onntain  /Inek,  Cruiser, 
.Astoria,  Afendell,  /Iwaeo  and  A*.  /'.  Elmore. 

Bnllene,  Everett,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  Vork  in  1861 
and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  about  1877.  He  ran  for  a  long 
time  in  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steam.ship  Company,  first 
as  oiler  on  the  sidewheeler  /Jakota  running  north,  and  afterward 
in  the  China  trade.     He  is  at  present  living  in  .San  Pranciser 

Bnllene,  Capt.  H.  H.,  was  born  in  Port  Gamble,  Wash.,  in 
1868,  and,  like  a  large  luimber  of  native  Puget  Sound  marine 
men,  commenced  his  career  on  the  /.  />'.  /.ibl>y.  He  was  after- 
ward in  tile  service  of  the  Oregon  Railway  .V.  Navi.jation  Com- 
pany for  five  years  on  the  steamers  Hassalo,  Emma  //ayivard 


462 


Lewi$  4  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Sehome,  T.J.  roller  and  North  Pacific.  He  took  the  steamer 
George  E.  Starr  to  Astoria,  and  while  on  the  Columbia  River 
engaged  for  a  short  time  on  the  steamers  Toledo  and  Northwest. 
Returning  to  the  Sound,  he  engaged  with  the  State  of  U^ash- 
ingtoH  and  Success,  and  recently  had  command  of  the  steamer 
Michigan.  In  addition  to  his  work  ou  the  Sound,  Captaiu 
Bullene  has  also  l>een  engaged  on  steamers  running  to  Alaska 
and  Mexico. 

Bullock,  Robert,  mate,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Bunton,  John,  ship-carpenter,  Portland,  Or, 

Burgess,  Henry,  eighth  assistant  engineer  on  the  Empress 
of  China. 

Burgess,  James,  chief  engineer  of  steamship  Warrimoo, 
Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Burke,  Peter,  steward  of  bark  C.  B.  Kenney,  has  been  run- 
ning in  the  north  coast  trade  for  twenty-two  years.  He  was  for 
several  years  on  the  San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound  steamers. 

Burnbam,  A.  J.,  pilot,  South  Bend,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1846.  He  followed  the  deep-water  service  until  1889, 
when  he  came  to  Shoalwater  Bay,  where  he  has  served  ou  the 
City  of  Astoria,  Alarm,  Cruiser  and  Edgar. 

Burns,  James,  mate  ou  steamer  City  of  Kingston,  Tacoma, 
Wash. 

Burns,  John,  engineer  of  Bowers  Dredge  Company,  Port- 
land, Or. 

Burns,  Capt.  Patrick,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been  steamboating 
on  Puget  Sound  since  1884,  and  for  the  past  few  years  has  been 
ill  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Navigation  Company. 

Burrell,  Theodore,  engineer  ou  steamer  Delta,  Seattle, 
Wash. 

Burrows,  Capt.  E.  J.,  Vaquina,  Or,,  was  born  in  England  in 
1864  and  has  been  steamboating  on  Yaquina  Bay  since  1882, 
most  of  the  time  in  charge  of  .small  launches. 

Burt,  C.  H.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1867.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Columbia 
River  in  1884  and  for  the  past  few  years  has  been  engineer  on 
the  steamer  Hreyhoiind. 

Bushnell,  Capt.  William  E.  In  explanation  of  statement 
regarding  first  license  on  Puget  Sounil,  in  sketch  printed  on 
page  85  :  This  license  '^as  issued  to  Captain  Bushnell  July  14, 
i860,  by  O.  A.  Pitfiel:',  United  States  supervising  inspector  of 
steam  vessels  in  the  >lislrict  of  New  Orleans,  which  at  that  date 
included  the  Pacific  Northwest.  Mr.  Pitfield  was  on  a  tour  of 
inspection  and  visited  Puget  Sound,  and  while  on  board  the 
steameryH//(i,  with  which  Captain  Bushnell  was  carrying  the 
mail  under  the  Scranton  contract,  made  out  the  license  on  the 
date  nientione<l. 

Butcher,  Pred,  engineer.  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  horn 
in  Seabeck,  Wash.,  in  1869.  He  commenced  his  marine  ser- 
vice on  the  Colfa.v  in  1886,  and  has  since  served  on  the  Louise, 
Colfax,  City  of  Slanwood,  Isabel,  Afonlesano,  Typhoon,  Union 
and  Richard  llolyokc. 

Butler,  Capt.  Henry  V,.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in  the 
West  Indies  in  1853.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S81  on 
the  ship  lillis  .-I,  ilfiiiolt  and  for  the  past  few  years  has  hail 
charge  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company's  coal 
bark  Robert  k'cir. 

Butler,  Jesse,  mate,  Scottsburg,  Or.,  has  served  ou  Coos 
Bay  steamers  fur  about  three  years. 

Butler,  Nirholas,  mate,  was  born  in  Valparaiso  in  1.S54. 
He  began  sailing  in  the  Northwest  on  the  bark  James  Cheslmi 
in  1872  and  afterward  ran  ou  Eraser  River  steamers.  .\t 
present  he  is  living  in  Victoria. 

Byles,  Robert,  purser,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
England  in  1861.  In  18.S4  he  was  purser  and  freight  clerk  of 
the  steamer  Evangel,  but  retired  from  the  water  soon  after- 
ward. He  was  deputy  auditor  and  auditor  of  Port  Townsend 
for  a  short  time,  and  has  also  been  engaged  tiiere  as  deputy 
shipping  comtnissioner. 

Byram,  Erank  B.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Byrnes,  J.  E  ,  purser,  has  been  running  on  steamships  out 
of  .Sail  Eranciseo  for  the  past  eighteen  years.  He  was  first 
employed  on  the  Constantine  as  freight  clerk,  was  next  purser 
on  the  Orizaba,  and  has  since  been  on  the  Queen,  flfe.rico  and 
Slate  of  California,  having  been  with  the  latter  vessel  for  many 
years. 

Cade,  E.  B.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash, 
Cade,  Capt.  Harry,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Cahill,  J.  F.,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1855.  He 
commenced  steamboating  on  the  Columbia  River  in  1885,  serv- 
ing on  the  Astoria,  PurtI  .,  and  others.  He  was  also  on  the 
steamer  T.  M.  Richardson  at  Yatiuina  Bay  and  on  the  South 
Coast,  running  to  San  Francisco. 

Calhoun,  George  S.,  master  of  barkentine  Archer,  was 
born  in  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  in  1870. 


Cairns,  P.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Call,  Capt.  C.  A.,  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  l8ji  and  began 
steamboating  in  the  Northwest  on  the  St.  Patrick,  running 
on  Puget  Sound,  in  1864.  Captain  Call  is  now  living  in 
Tacoma,  and  at  preseut  is  master  ol  the  steamer  Laurel. 

Callahan,  D.  H.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Callahan,  William,  chief  engineer  of  steamship  Santa 
Cruz. 

Cambre,  F.  X.,  shipbuilder,  was  born  in  Canada  in  1843  and 
began  his  marine  career  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  He  has 
been  connected  with  the  business  in  the  Northwest  for  over 
thirty  years,  having  been  first  on  the  l\ince  Alfred,  running 
between  San  Francisco  and  Victoria.  He  afterward  served  on  the 
Pacific  tiwA  Idaho,  and  in  1873  began  his  present  occupation  as 
shipbuilder  at  Port  Townsend.  Mr.  Cambre  has  built  a  num- 
ber of  vessels,  among  them  being  the  barkentine  Jenny  l.ind. 
steamer  Garland,  and  the  Clara  Rollins. 

Campbell,  E.  A.,  master  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Campbell,  Capt.  E.  I).,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  for  the  past  five 
years  run  the  Violet,  tug  Bee,  aud  a  number  of  other  small 
vessels. 

Campbell,  Horace  G.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Campbell,  J.  L.,  mate  ou  the  steamer  Georgie  Oakes,  Ctcur 
d'Alene,  Idaho. 

Campbell,  Peter  M.,  chief  engineer,  was  born  in  Glasgow 
in  1857.  After  sailing  in  various  parts  of  the  world  in  the 
steamship  service,  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1886  and 
joined  the  t:teamer  Gaelic.  He  was  first  assistant  for  two  years 
and  was  then  appointed  chief  of  the  Costa  Rica,  reuuiining  in 
that  position  since. 

Campbell,  Thomas  P.,  master  of  steamer  Hnsllcr,  Port- 
land, Or. 

Canavan,  David,  second  assistant  engineer  ou  steanisliip 
Warrimoo,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Caples,  Lafayette,  pilot,  St.  Johns,  Or.,  was  born  in  Ohio 
in  1843  and  began  steamboating  on  the  Eagle  in  i860.  He 
retired  from  the  river  several  years  ago. 

Card,  Capt.  James  I..,  New  Westminster,  H.  C,  was  born 
in  Nova  Scotia  in  1833.  He  sailed  in  the  deep-water  trade  in 
various  parts  of  the  world  until  1S89,  when  he  caine  to  British 
Ci  unibia  and  joined  the  tug  Active.  He  has  since  served  as 
ni.i--ter  of  the  steamers  Fairy  Queen,  Emma,  Telephone, 
II  illiam  living  and  Mermaid. 

Carlson,  Capt.  Charles,  was  boru  in  Stockholm,  Sweden, 
and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  for  twenty 
years.  He  was  for  a  long  time  with  the  Pacific  Coast  .Steam- 
ship Company,  leaving  them  to  take  conimand  of  David 
Morgan's  steamer  Chilkal,  which  he  handled  until  1.S94,  when 
bellied  suddenly  at  Seattle. 

Carlson,  Capt.  N.  P.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1.S64  ami 
commenced  sailing  out  of  Hamburg  when  a  boy.  He  came  ti> 
the  Pacific  Coast  iu  1886,  has  since  served  as  master  on  several 
coasting  schooners,  and  is  at  present  in  command  of  the 
John  (•'.  North. 

Carlston,  Capt.  John,  w.is  born  in  Sweden  in  1865.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Const  in  18.S3  and  joined  the  ship  iMarmioii 
as  second  mate.  He  ran  in  that  capacity  on  various  coasting 
vessels  and  a  few  years  later  was  given  conimand  of  tlif 
schooner  General  Banning,  where  lie  remained  for  two  and  a 
half  years,  then  going  to  the  schooner  Falcon,  of  which  lie 
is  still  master.  Previous  to  coming  to  the  Coast,  Captain  Carl- 
ston had  sailed  in  various  parts  of  the  world  and  also  in  the 
.steamship  service  out  of  Galveston,  Tex. 

Carr,  Capt.  W.  B.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Carroll,  J.  G.,  agent  of  the  West  Coast  Steam  Navigation 
Company,  .Seattle,  Wash. 

Carroll,  James,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1835  ami 
followed  his  profession  in  dllTerent  parts  of  the  world  before 
coming  to  Oregon.  He  was  for  a  long  time  iu  the  employ  of 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  and  was  one  of  tlii' 
crew  of  the  Teaser  when  she  was  sold  to  that  company  ami 
taken  over  the  Cascades.  He  has  lately  been  connected  willi 
the  steamer  Harvest  Queen. 

Carstens.  Peter,  master  builder  of  the  Oregon  Railway  X 
Navigation  Company's  steamers. 

Cash,  Capt.  James,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1847  aud  began 
sailing  out  of  English  ports  when  a  boy.  He  came  to  San 
Francisco  in  1859  and  from  there  went  to  the  Eraser  River 
Since  his  arrival  he  has  had  command  of  many  of  the  prin 
cipal  steamers  around  there,  among  them  being  the  Reliance 
Royal  City,  Glen  or  a  and  Isabel. 

Cates,  Capt.  J.  A.,  Vancouver,   11.  C,  was  born   in   Nov 
Scotia.     He  has  been  connected  with  the  marine  business  fc 
fifteen  years,  sailing  in  the  Atlantic  coasting  trade  until  188' 
when  he  came  to  Vancouver.     He  was  for  three  and  a  haii 
years  mate  ou  the  Robert  Kerr,  and  held  a  similar  positiou  01 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


463 


Sprall's  .-Irk,  Thistle,  City  0/ Nanaiino  and  Robert  Punsiniiir, 
leaving  the  hitter  steamer  to  purchase  the  tug  Swan,  which  he 
has  since  coinuian<le<l. 

Cates,  William,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Nova  Scotia.  He  commenced  in  the  marine  service  on  the 
Robert  Kerr  at  Vancouver  in  18H7  and  has  recently  lieen  en 
gaged  as  engineer  on  the  tug  Sican. 

Catley,  George,  mate  on  coasiting  vessels,  has  sailed  out  of 
San  I'rancisco  on  the  barks  Eldorado,  Alaska,  Conslitulion, 
R.  K.  Ham,  Camden,  and  many  other  well  known  coasters. 
He  is  at  present  living  at  I'ort  Townsend. 

Cattell,  Capt.  G.  W.,  was  born  in  Dakota  and  has  lieen 
running  steamers  on  Lake  Washington  since  18H9. 

Cavalsky,  George,  steward,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  i860. 
He  began  steamboating  on  the  Fraser  River  on  the  Enterprise 
in  1882,  has  since  been  connecleil  with  a  number  of  I'raser 
River  boats,  and  has  recently  been  on  the  City  of  Nanaimo. 

Caveiider,  J.  H.,  Whatcom,  Wash.,  has  served  as  engineer 
on  the  Triumph,  ^tiniiie  fll..  Afar  Qneen,  Caseades,  Susie,  Edna 
and  Chinook. 

Chapman,  Capt.  J.  H.,  Port  Blakely,  was  born  in  Maine  in 
i860.  He  sailed  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  for  a  few  years,  came  to 
I'nget  .Sound  about  1883,  and  was  first  engaged  on  the  steamer 
.Iddie. 

Chapman,  R.  I. ,  engineer,  .Shelton,  Wash. 

Chapman,  W.  S.,  master  of  steamer  Rover,  Shelton,  Wash. 

Chick,  1*.  J.,  Vancouver,  It.  C,  purser  with  UnioM  Steam- 
ship Company. 

Chipperfield,  .\.  li.,  mate  on  coasting  vessels,  San  Francisco, 

Chisholni,  M.  H.,  engineer.  New  Westminster,  H.  C. 

Chiswell,  Sydney,  steward,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Christensen,  C,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Nor- 
way in  1854.  He  lias  been  sailing  in  the  coasting  trade  for 
twenty  years.  He  was  first  on  the  bark  lliiena  Vista,  in  iSSo 
was  male  on  the  bark  /.is:ie  Afarsliall,  and  Is  at  present 
master  of  the  barkeiuiiie  /^iscoiYry. 

Cliiis*eiisen.  C,  steward.  San  I-'raiicisco. 

Chri.sten.sen,  Capt.  C.  H.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1S57. 
He  has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1S7S  and  at 
present  is  in  coniinand  of  the  four-masted  schooner  Ring 
Cyrus. 

Christensen.  Charles,  mate,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1851. 
He  began  running  north  out  of  San  I'rancisco  in  1872  as  sea- 
man on  the  steamer  John  I..  Stephens,  and  a  few  years 
afterward  made  a  trip  to  Liverpool  on  a  Peruvian  ship.  Re- 
turning from  there  be  again  began  running  on  steamships  on 
the  iiorlliern  route  an<l  has  been  on  the  Peliean,  City  of  Chester, 
(heat  Republie  and  Oiegon,  remaining  with  the  latter  for  over 
fifteen  years,  nine  of  wiiicli  he  has  been  mate. 

Christiansen,  Niels  J.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Christianson,  Charles,  engineer,  I.adner's  Landing,  It.  C, 
was  born  in  Sweden  in  1S5S  and  served  as  fireman  and  engineer 
out  of  liuropean  ports.  He  came  to  Victoria  in  iSSa  and  joined 
the  steamer  Carihoo  and  Fly  as  fireman,  afterward  serving  on 
the  steamers  Maude,  Hearer,  City  of  S'anuimo,  Hrunette. 
II' in  III /'red.  Delta  and  others.  lie  is  at  present  engiuccr  on 
the  Delta. 

Cliristianson,  N.,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Christie,  Capt. J.  R.,  was  born  in  Jersey  City,  N.J  .  in  1845. 
He  began  steamboating  in  1.S62  on  the  .Mountain  liuek.  In 
1S63  he  went  to  the  Sound,  where  he  renia'ved  three  years,  and 
after  retn-i'iinr  to  the  Colunibia  was  connected  with  nearly  all 
of  the  lo  .  .er  boats,  among  others  being  the  Pioneer,  Julia, 
A'*'.'t'  World  and  ( U'an<{i^iin. 

Church,  J.  O.,  master  ami  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Clancey,  W.  II.,  i:'ate,  began  steamboating  in  the  North- 
we.st  in  1S67  on  the  /.  A'.  I.ihby,  and  was  al.so  on  Lake  'I'ahoc, 
Cal.,  for  a  while.     He  i.^  at  present  living  in  Taconia,  Wash. 

Clapp,  .\.  C,  master  of  the  ship  Jabez  Howes,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1841  and  has  been  sailing  in  the  Pacific  Coast  trade 
since  1882. 

Clapp,  Capt.  Joseph  W.,  was  born  in  Scituate,  Mass,,  in 
1843.  He  has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1879  and 
was  for  five  years  on  the  bark  General  liutler,  owned  by  the 
Puget  Mill  Company.  Captain  Clapp  is  now  living  at  Coupe- 
ville.  Wash. 

Clark,  Charles  J.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Penn., 
in  1864.  His  first  marine  work  was  as  oiler  on  the  steamship 
Walla  Walla  in  1882.  He  was  afterward  on  the  Government 
launch  Dispatch  at  Vancouver,  Wash.,  and  has  worked  in 
various  capacities  on  the  steamships  I'matilta,  f George  W. 
Elder,  .'tneon  and  .*// A7,  and  steamers  Afikado.J.  R.  Me  Donald , 
Olympian,  Alaskan,  State  of  Washington,  Hmma  Hayuard, 
Hassalo  and  Idaho. 


Clarke,  Charles  D.,  purser,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  New 
V'ork  in  1865  aud  commenced  his  marine  service  as  purser  on 
the  Eliza  Anderson  in  1884,  remaining  with  her  for  two  years. 
He  then  purchased  the  steamer  Cascades  in  company  with 
Joseph  U.  Carse  and  ran  her  four  years.  Mr.  Clarke  soon  sold 
out  Ilia  steamboat  interests  and  went  to  San  F'rancisco,  where 
he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Calil'oriiia  Navigation  &  Improve- 
ment Company. 

Clarke,  Capt.  Charles  K.,  was  born  in  England  in  1854  and 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1874.  His  first  vessel  here  as  mas- 
ter was  the  schooner  Discoi'eiy,  which  he  ran  for  five  y.ars. 
He  was  next  on  the  schooner  Juanita,  which  he  ran  as  a  trader 
and  coaster  and  finally  in  the  sealing  business  until  she  was 
seized  in  Ilering  Sea  about  1889.  He  then  took  command  of 
the  steamer  Alert  and  has  operated  her  since. 

Cleary,  T.  R.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  V.,  in 
1859.  He  commenced  his  marine  service  in  Spn  Francisco  as 
oiler  on  the  John  /,.  Stephens  in  1877,  remaining  with  her  for 
two  years  and  then  going  as  secoiul  assistant  engineer  on  a 
number  of  small  steamers.  He  was  afterward  on  the  steam- 
ships City  of  Sidney  and  San  Pablo,  and  was  third  assistant  on 
the  San  Pedro  when  she  was  lost  at  Victoria.  Mr.  Cleary  is  at 
present  on  the  steamship  San  Henito. 

Clem,  W.  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Clem,  Louis  L.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or.,  commenced  on 
the  Puget  Sound  steamer  \ellie  in  1.S84,  and  after  running 
there  a  few  years  went  to  the  Columbia  River.  He  has  recently 
been  engaged  on  the  steamer  Iralda. 

Clemens,  William  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Clifford,  James  H.,  mate  of  bark  Coloma,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1859  and  has  been  sailing  out  of  Northwestern 
ports  .since  1887. 

Clinger,  Capt.  I'rank  W.,  was  born  at  Port  Townsend, 
Wash.,  in  1854.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound 
in  18.S6,  but  had  previously  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  on 
sailing  ve.s.sels. 

Clintbom,  Fred,  male  on  sailing  vessels,  F^ureka,  Cal. 

Cloak,  H.  B.,  engineer,  San  I'rancisco,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Penn  ,  in  1852,  and  began  his  marine  service  on  the 
Delaware  River.  He  came  lo  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1871,  return- 
ing Fast  and  coming  out  again  in  1877,  when  he  entered  the 
employ  of  the  Pacific  Mail  .Steamship  Company,  remaining 
with  them  as  second  and  first  assistant  for  several  years.  He 
has  since  served  as  chief  on  the  steamers  Maty  '/).  Hume, 
Ferndale.  Crescent  City,  Del  Norte,  Homer  and  Protection. 

Cloiigh,  Fdgar  I).,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
California  in  1865.  He  began  steamboating  on  the  Columbia 
River  on  the  General  Canhy  in  i.SSo.  and  for  several  ycais  past 
has  been  engaged  on  Puget  Sound. 

Cluues.  Capt.  C,  was  born  in  New  Zealand  in  1858.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1871  and  began  sailing  out  of 
Victoria  on  the  schooner  Disctiivry.  He  was  afterwaril  011  the 
Woodside  and  a  number  of  other  small  steamers.  Captain 
Cluues  is  connected  at  present  with  the  steamer  Falcon. 

Clymer,  Capt.  Henry  V.,  .Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Washington  in  1.S62  and  has  been  cininected  with  the  marine 
business  on  the  Sound  since  i,S84, 

Cody,  I'rank,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1S64  and 
commenced  his  marine  service  in  the  Northwest  in  1.S87.  He 
has  recently  been  coniiectt'd  with  the  tug  Tacoma. 

Coffin,  William,  engineer,  Porllanil,  Or. 

Colbert,  Fred,  mate.  Ihvaco,  Wash.,  sailed  out  of  San 
Francisco  on  the  ships  //'.  //.  (,\uvley,  Coquimbo,  and  other 
well  known  coasters,  for  several  years.  He  retired  from  the 
water  about  fifteen  years  iigo  and  has  since  engaged  in  the  fish- 
ing business  at  Ihvaco  au<l  .Shoalwater  Bay. 

Colby,  William,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  183S  and  lias  been  connected  with  the  marine  busi- 
ness for  forty-three  years.  He  commenced  sailing  out  of  San 
I'rancisco  in  iS65  on  the  bark  /Ironies.  He  was  in  comniand 
of  the  schooner  Courser,  lost  in  1S92,  and  has  since  had  charge 
of  the  bark  Mercury. 

Cole,  Harry  W.,  third  officer  of  steamship  I'ictoria,  was 
born  on  the  steamship  City  tif  Mobile  in  1S64  ami  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  marine  business  since  he  was  sixteen  years  of 
age. 

Cole,  J.  R.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been  steamboat- 
ing in  the  Northwest  since  18S6. 

Cole,  Luther,  engineer,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S4S.  He 
has  followed  his  occupation  since  1862,  when  he  began  running 
on  the  steamer  Tenino.  Mr.  Cole  has  also  followed  his  profes- 
sion on  the  Snake  River  and  in  British  Columbia,  and  is  at 
present  on  the  steamer  Messrnger. 

Collins,  Henry,  engineer,  was  born  on  Prince  F'dward 
Island  in  1856.  lie  was  engaged  for  thirteen  years  with  the 
Boston  &  Savannah  Steamship  Company.     He  came  to  the 


i 


I' 


r? 


464 


Lewia  (f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Pacific  Cout  in  1887  and  joined  tlie  tuj;  /isrorl  No.  i,  with 
whicli  lie  went  to  Astoria,  and  while  there  was  transferred  to 
the  tuK  Wizard  aa  first  assistant  He  has  served  as  first  and 
seccnd  assistant  on  the  steamers  I'entutr,  Nalional  City,  W'esI 
Ctmsl,  .-11  A7  and  Farallnn,  and  as  chief  of  the  l.akme  and  fninl 
Arena,  still  lieinf;  en);aKed  on  the  latter. 

Collins,  Patrick  H.,  mate  on  tuK'ioats,  San  Francisco, 
eiiteretl  the  service  of  tlie  Pacific  Mail  bteamsliip  Companv  at 
the  Bay  City  in  1H79,  remainin);  wuh  them  for  ten  years,  and 
for  the  past  five  years  has  l>een  on  the  tUKs  Alfil  anil  Relief. 
He  ran  north  with  the  steamship  San  Pedro  for  about  six 
months. 

Cullister.  Capt.  R.,  was  born  on  the  Isle  of  Man  in  1843  and 
learned  the  shipbuilding  trade  in  Rii);laud,  followiiiK  that  call- 
ing in  Kiigland,  .\ustralia  and  the  United  States.  On  coming 
to  this  country  he  eiiKaged  in  Iniilding  river  steamers  at  Fulton, 
111.,  and  afterward  moved  to  I)ubu(|ue,  Iowa,  where  he  had 
charge  of  the  yards  owned  by  "  Diamond  Jo"  Reynolds,  the 
famous  Mississippi  River  steanilio<itman.  Since  coming  to 
Victoria  he  has  filled  a  iiumlier  of  important  positions,  ainoiiK 
tliem  Iieing  surveyor  for  tlie  Hoard  of  Underwriters  of  San 
Kraiicisco,  surveyor  for  I^loyds,  and  is  at  present  hull  inspector 
for  the  Dominion  Government. 

Colman,  James  M.,  engineer.  Seattle,  Wash.,  conimenred 
on  the  steamer  Vixen  on  Lake  Washington  in  18S9  and  has 
recently  been  on  the  H'inni/rfd. 

Compton,  Bert,  engineer.  Hay  Center,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  1861,  began  steambontiiig  on  I'uget  .Sound  in  |S,S4,  and 
has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  Faz'oiilf  on  Slioalwiiter  Ray. 

Compton,  T.  H.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Michigan  in  1865. 
He  followed  his  calling  on  the  Great  Lakes  until  1890.  when  he 
came  to  Seattle. 

Comstock,  R.,  engineer,  was  boru  In  Illinois  in  1861.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1X87  f..«  second  a.ssistaiit  on  the  steam- 
ship Willtimelle  I'alley,  with  which  he  had  served  for  a  year 
at  New  Orleans  when  the  vcssi'l  was  known  as  the  Cuninis. 
He  subseipiently  serve<l  on  llii;  sti'iimshlps  Muifiosa,  Cily  of 
Kio  di'  Janeiro,  Cily  0/  Chfslcr,  and  a  nunibcr  of  others.  Mr. 
Comstock  has  recently  been  engaged  as  first  assistant  on  the 
steamer  Crescent  Cily. 

Condon,  B.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Kngland  in  1861  and 
commenced  in  the  marine  service  at  San  Francisco  in  1S86, 
after  working  four  years  In  the  shops.  He  served  as  oiler  on 
the  slcatiisliips  Idalui,  I'icloria,  Cily  of  Sydney  an<l  /.ealaiulia. 
He  was  afterward  third  assistant  on  the  latter  vessel  and  was 
first  assistant  on  the  steainsliip  Manuel  Dublin.  He  then 
joined  the  steamship  San  llenilo,  where  he  has  served  as  third 
and  second  assistant. 

Condon,  Michael,  engineer,  began  Ills  marine  service  at 
San  Francisco  in  iSSo  as  oiler  on  the  steamship  O/vckAh.  He 
was  afterward  011  the  steamships  .'tueon.  I.os  .liixeles.  Cily  ol 
Cheater,  SI.  Paul.  San  Pahlo.  Xealandia  and  I'oinona,  leaving 
deep  w.iter  to  take  the  position  of  first  assistant  on  the  tug 
l'ii;ilanl,  where  he  remained  for  three  years  and  then  joined 
the  Hayiian  Republic  as  second  assistant  I'"or  the  past  two 
years  he  has  been  chief  engineer  of  the  lug  Reliance. 

Connell,  John,  Oakland,  Cal.,  steward  of  steamer  Queen. 

Connelly,  1).  .A.,  engineer,  was  born  In  Ireland  in  1856. 
He  c.ime  to  the  Pacific  Coast  In  1S74  and  was  first  connected 
with  the  steamer  Stale  of  California.  He  served  as  engineer 
on  the/.  /.'.  /.('AAi'and  a  number  of  other  well  known  steamers 
on  Pugel  Sound.  He  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  steamer 
(iolJen  Hale. 

Conway,  Capt.  George,  was  born  in  Mississippi  In  1S53. 
He  went  to  sea  at  the  age  of  nine  years  and  has  been  In  con- 
tinuous service  since.  His  first  work  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was 
with  the  steamships  Umatilla  and  /ui.itern  Oregon  as  first 
officer.  For  the  past  seven  years  he  has  tiecii  master  of  the 
steamer  Point  I.oma. 

Cook,  C.  W.,  Port  Angeles,  Wash.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels, 
retired  from  the  water  .several  years  ago. 

Cook,  Capt.  H.  K.,  was  born  in  England  in  1849  and  began 
his  marine  career  on  the  Atlantic,  running  between  New  York 
and  Uverpool.  He  cauie  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1870  and 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Mall  Steamship  Company, 
running  on  the  Panama  route.  He  was  also  in  their  employ 
on  the  .,teanisliip  City  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  leaving  her  in  1889 
and  going  to  Vancouver,  H.  C,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

Cooper,  John ,  engineer,  Vancouver,  H.  C,  was  born  In 
Penrith,  England,  in  1864.  His  first  marine  experience  was  in 
the  Mediterranean  trade.  He  came  to  New  Westnilnster  in 
1885  and  served  on  the  Leonora  and  other  steamers  on  the 
Fraser  and  Vancouver  routes. 

Copeland,  John,  freight  clerk,  Portland,  Or. 

Corrlgan,  Frank,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  tenth  assistant  engineer 
of  steamship  Empress  of  China. 

Corum,  J.  K.,  Sau  Francisco,  steward  of  steamer  '"leone. 


Coulter,  J.  P.,  Canby,  Or.,  master  and  pilot  on  Willamette 
River  steamers. 

Coulter,  Charles  A.,  engineer,  .South  Bend,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Illinois  In  i'S^^  ■*■■<'  ran  between  Pittsburg  and  New 
Orleans  on  tugboats  ior  eight  years.  He  came  to  Shoalwater 
Bay  in  18,89  and  has  served  on  the  Tom  Morris,  .•Harm,  Cily 
of  .-Isloria  and  lidgar,  having  been  with  the  latter  vessel  for 
the  past  two  years. 

Courtney,  Daniel,  engineer,  was  born  In  New  York  in 
1861  and  has  lieen  running  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1878  as 
fireman  and  first  and  second  assistant  engineer. 

Cousins,  Capt.  N.  K.,  was  bom  in  Maine  in  1861.  He 
began  his  marine  career  in  1880,  running  coastwise  from  San 
Francisco,  serving  on  the  steamers  .Santa  Cruz,  Idaho,  Atari- 
posa,  Alameda,  Queen,  Empire  and  Areata. 

Cowper,  Capt.  John,  was  born  on  the  Isle  of  Man  in  1852 
and  .served  his  apprenticeship  at  Liverpool,  England.  In  i.sri7 
he  joined  the  ship  /lolivia,  which  he  left  at  Victoria  in  1.S69 
■After  spending  two  years  In  the  whaling  business  on  the 
schooner  Rate,  he  went  to  .Australia  an<l  remained  there  sailing 
Kiid  steauiboating  until  18.S7,  when  he  again  came  to  British 
Columbia  and  joined  the  Alexander  as  quarterinasttT.  He 
was  then  pilot  on  the  Saturna  and  other  steamers,  and  In  t8.S9 
master  of  the  Satui  na.  Ca|>taiii  Cowper  at  present  is  In  charge 
of  the  steamer  Rainbon'. 

Cox,  Capt.  James,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Cox,  W.  .V  ,  engineer,  was  born  in  Canada  in  1863  and  has 
been  engaged  in  tlie  marine  business  on  Pnget  Sound  since 
1887.  His  first  service  was  on  the  steamer  Rainier.  He  subse- 
quently went  to  the  Rip  I'an  ll'inkle,  and  for  the  past  three 
years  has  been  engaged  on  the  tug  Tyee. 

Craig,  Capt.  Denjamin,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  In  Nova 
Scotia  In  i8.;s.  lie  has  folluweil  the  niariiic  business  for  nearly 
forty  years,  twenty  of  which  have  been  spent  on  the  Pacific 
Coast. 

Crang,  !'".  h-,  mate,  .Astoria,  Or. 

Craiiney,  Thomas,  boatbnilder,  Coupevllle,  Wash.,  built 
the  Flying  /iulchman,  l.'nnie,  and  a  number  of  other  steamers 
on  Puget  Sound. 

Crawford,  Sherman  h  ,  engineer,  Hoqulam,  Wash. 

Creamer,  John  C ,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  In 
Peniisvlvanla  in  185H.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S.S2 
and  served  four  years  on  the  old  steamship  .Shubrick.  lie 
was  afterward  engaged  on  the  Afanzanita,  /lolyoke,  .llaskaii. 
Point  .Irena,  Fernaale,  Wasco  and  other  .SoiiikI  steamers,  and 
on  returning  to  San  Francisco  served  on  the  llonita,  U'eeotl, 
tuj  Annie  and  others 

Crebs,  August,  San  Francisco,  master  of  bark  Empire. 

Crelghton,  E-  \V.,  secretary  of  the  Columbia  River  &  Piiget 
Sound  Transportation  Company. 

Crelghton,  W.  D.,  purser,  was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  185S.  His  first  work  on  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coa.si 
was  as  freight  clerk  on  the  Corona,  afterward  holding  a  siiiii 
lar  position  on  the  Umatilla  and  Santa  Rosa  He  has  since 
served  on  the  steamer.>  Santa  Cm:  and  (,'ypsy. 

Crigler,  W.  L.,  engineer,  was  born  In  New  Orleans  In  1.S54. 
He  served  an  apprenticeship  at  Wllmingloii,  Del,  and  after- 
ward serveil  as  machinist  in  the  United  States  Navy  for  twii 
years.  After  leaving  the  naval  service  he  ran  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River  towboats,  and  In  18S7  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on 
llie  steamship  Willamette  Valley.  He  left  her  soon  afler 
arrival  and  remained  on  shore  ill  the  employ  of  her  owners, 
going  back  again  as  chief  about  1892.  In  April,  1894,  he  was 
appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  )\n/Hini!,  and  has 
been  rnnning  with  her  since. 

Crocket,  George  A.,  mate,  was  boru  In  Maine  In  1S62  and 
began  sailing  north  from  San  l-'rancisco  In  1H82  on  the  steam- 
ship Queen  of  the  Pacific.  In  1S84  he  was  master  of  the  fish- 
ing schooner  St.  Louis,  and  has  recently  been  engaged  as  male 
on  the  tug  Sea  Lion. 

Crofts,  John  J.,  engineer,  was  born  in  England  in  iS^i. 
After  serving  his  apprenticeship  there  he  came  to  New  York  in 
1848  and  two  years  later  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  he 
was  engaged  on  the  Tennessee  and  Columbia.  He  was  after- 
ward third  assistant  on  the  steamships  Republic  and  Northci  net . 
leaving  the  latter  vessel  In  1860.  He  was  in  the  service  of  thi- 
Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  for  twenty-seven  years,  inosl 
of  whicu  was  spent  on  the  northern  routes.  In  1 88 1  he  was 
appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  Newport,  filling  that 
position  for  nine  years,  then  taking  a  similar  Iwrth  on  the  Coo> 
Hay,  where  he  has  since  remained. 

Croghan,  I'raiik,  engineer,  San  I'ranclsco,  was  liorn  in 
New  York  in  1864.  He  served  as  second  assistant  on  the 
Me.rico,  Corona,  Willamette  Valley  and  other  steamships,  and 
as  first  assistant  on  the  Arago. 

Crosscup,  H.  B.,  Oakland,  Cal.,  mate  of  steamshi]' 
Alackinazv. 


fi^ 


n 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


465 


Culluni,  W.  J.,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  wag  bora  in  Eng- 
land in  1865.  Hia  first  work  in  tlie  Northwest  was  on  the  Sar- 
donyx in  1884,  where  he  remained  for  two  years.  He  then 
joined  the  tug  /.ome  and  subseciueutly  the  Alexander.  He 
has  since  served  on  the  steamer  i'osemite  and  the  Dominion 
steamers  Sit  James  /)oug/as  and  Quadra,  remaining  with  the 
latter  vessel  for  the  past  three  years. 

Cumiskey,  Capt.  R.J.,  was  born  in  New  Bedford,  Mass., 
in  i860.  He  began  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  on  a  whaling 
vessel  ill  1881  and  has  since  been  running  to  the  Arctic  Ocean 
almost  continuously.  He  has  been  on  the  barks  Sea  Breeze, 
Northern  Light  and  Balena,  running  as  first  o6ficer  on  the 
latter  for  three  years  Captain  Cumiskey  at  present  is  master 
of  the  whaler  Grampus. 

Cummings,  Alexander,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash,,  was  born 
in  Si.  Louis  in  1865  and  has  been  steamboating  in  the  North- 
west since  1887,  serving  on  the  North  Pacific,  Alaskan,  Olym- 
pian, Kingston  and  others.  He  was  on  the  steamship  Ancon, 
wrecked  at  Loring,  Alaska,  in  18S9. 

Cummings,  Capt.  James,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Scotland  in  1851.  He  followed  the  deep-water  trade  until  1876, 
when  be  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  he  has  since  been 
engaged,  most  of  the  time  around  Burrard's  Inlet. 

Cunningham,  Joseph,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Curraii,  Dennis,  mate  on  river  steamers,  Astoria,  Or.,  was 
for  several  years  in  the  customs  service  at  Astoria  and  built 
and  ran  the  steamer  Occident  at  that  place. 

Curtis,  James  K.,  engineer,  Houghton,  Wash.,  has  run  most 
of  the  time  on  steamers  on  Lake  Washington 

Curtis,  James  F..  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Curtis,  W.  B. ,  steamship  steward,  first  worked  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  on  the  Idaho  in  1882  and  has  recently  heeu  con- 
nected with  the  I  'matilla. 

Curtis,  W.  R.,  purser,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1856.  He 
began  in  the  marine  service  out  of  San  Francisco  in  187S, 
running  first  on  the  steamer  Salinas  and  afterward  on  the 
George  W.  Elder,  Mexico,  Idaho  and  other  steamships  run- 
ning north.  He  has  l>een  in  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
Steamship  Company  for  sixteen  years  and  at  present  is 
employed  on  the  City  of  Topeka. 

Daily,  Janie.s,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Daley,  William,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the 
/in/fr/W-Sf  in  1858  and  has  since  followed  his  calling  of  engi- 
neer all  over  the  Sound.  He  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1838  and 
was  in  the  steamboat  service  three  years  at  San  Francisco 
before  coming  to  the  Sound. 

Daltoii,  Edward  E.,  purser,  Portland,  Or. 

Damon,  Capt.  Herbert,  Oakland,  Cal.,  master  of  the 
schooner  Katie  J/ohnes,  has  served  on  the  vessel  six  years  as 
mate  and  for  the  same  length  of  time  as  master. 

Danforth,  Manley,  engineer,  Seattle,  W^ash. 

Daniels,  W.  !•'.,  mate,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1861  and 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1890.  He  ran  first  as  second  male 
on  the  Cily  of  Puchia,  then  as  mate  on  the  steamers  I.aktne 
and  Truckce,  and  is  still  employed  on  the  latter. 

Darling,  Capt.  L.  \,.,  Aberdeen,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Iowa 
in  1H60.  He  built  the  steamer  ll'ishkah  Chief  on  Gray's  Har- 
bor in  1889.  and  operated  her  for  three  years  between  Aberdeen 
and  other  points  on  the  harbor.  He  then  ran  the  steamer 
.{hcrdeeii  and  afterwanl  the  tug  Herald,  and  has  recently  had 
charge  of  the  steamer  Cruiser. 

Dart,  Capt.  J.  C,  Eureka.  Cal.,  master  of  the  schooner 
Sfiarro7i'. 

Darwerltz,  Otto,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco, 
has  been  coasting  north  since  1882. 

Dashwood,  W.,  engineer,  was  born  on  the  Isle  of  Wight 
in  1857.  He  served  in  the  Northwest  w>th  the  Cauadian  & 
Australian  steamship  line  as  fourth  engineer  on  the  steamship 
II  'arrimoo. 

Davidson,  Charles,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Davidson,  J.,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  began  sailing  in  the 
Northwest  about  1873  on  the  old  barkentine  Constiiution.  He 
has  since  coinmaiKled  various  other  vessels  and  is  at  present 
master  of  the  ship  Commodore. 

Davidson,  William,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  engineer  on 
steamer  Evangel. 

Davies,  Enoch,  chief  engineer  of  United  States  steamer 
Cascades,  Portland,  Or. 

Davis,  C.  S.,  master  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Indiana  in  1859  and  commenced  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound 
on  the  Welcome  in  1882. 

Davis,  Herbert,  master  of  tug  Edna,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Davis,  John,  mate  in  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Chicago 
in  1852.  He  began  sailing  on  the  Great  Lakes  in  1867,  came  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1877,  and  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the 


Puget  Mill  Company  most  of  the  time  since.  He  sailed  us 
mate  on  the  Kitsap,  Emerald,  Atlanta,  Skagil,  Arkwright  and 
John  A.  Ilriggs,  and  is  still  with  the  latter  vessel. 

Davis,  Capt.  J,  L.,  Hociuiam,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Wosh- 
iiiglon  Territory  in  1861  and  commenced  steamboating  on  the 
U.  S.  Grant  in  1882.  He  was  afterward  on  the  tugs  Hen 
Holladay,  Hunter,  General  Miles,  Traveler,  Ranger  and 
Printer,  and  on  the  steamers  Montesano,  Oneatta,  Aberdeen, 
Tillie  and  Restless,  serving  as  master  of  the  three  last  men- 
tioned. 

Davis,  Lemuel  E.,  engineer,  Newport,  Or.,  has  been 
engaged  on  the  steamer  Rebecca  C.  on  Vaquina  Bay  since  1884, 

Davis,  Capt.  Tracy  W.,  Newport,  Or.,  was  born  in  1858. 
He  has  been  in  the  steamboat  business  on  Vaquina  Bay  for  a 
number  of  years,  being  at  present  on  the  yolanla.  At  different 
times  he  has  been  master  of  the  steamers  Richardson,  Tressie 
May,  Benton  and  Rebecca  C,  which  latter  vessel  he  ran  about 
four  years  as  a  ferry-boat.  The  Rebecca  C.  was  built  by  his 
father,  and  he  received  his  master's  papers  to  run  on  her. 
Other  steamers  with  which  he  has  been  connected  are  the 
Kate  and  Anna,  Onealla  and  Pioneer. 

Davis,  Capt.  W.  A.,  is  a  native  of  California  and  began 
steamboatiuj{  on  the  Ifenat  in  1875.  Most  of  his  work  has  been 
on  the  Cowlitz  and  Lewis  rivers  routes,  remaining  on  the  latter 
lor  several  years  as  male  and  master  in  the  employ  of  the  late 
Captain  Thomas.     He  lives  at  La  Center,  Wash. 

Davis,  William  H  ,   was  born    in   Charleston,  W.  Va.,  in 

1858.  He  has  been  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  since  1876, 
first  as  engineer  on  the  .'Iddie  anil  afterward  on  the/.  B.  I.ihhy, 
Despatch,  Chehalis,  Teaser,  Indiana,  //ermosa,  E.  I).  Smith, 
Cyrus  Walker,  Yakima  and  Detroit. 

Dawe,  Albert,  mate.  New  Westminster,  B,  C. 

Dawson,  James  A.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in 
1851  and  came  with  his  parents  to  the  Pacific  Coast  three  years 
later.  He  worked  in  a  machine  shop  for  several  years  and  in 
1 8S0  joined  the  steamship /VZ/VdH  as  oiler.  He  was  afterward 
on  the  steamships  Wizard,  Ancon,  Gienada,  Los  Angeles, 
Mexico,  San  I^blo,  Walla  Walla,  Al  Ki  and  .'Santa  Rosa,  fill- 
iii)^  all  positions  up  to  first  assistant.  He  was  then  appointed 
chief  of  the  steamship  Me.vico,  where  he  remained  four  years, 
anil  then  went  to  the  steamer  Alexander  Duncan  in  the  same 
capacity  for  a  few  years,  leaving  her  for  the  steamship  Queen, 
where  he  has  run  as  first  assistant. 

Day,  J.  H.,  master  and  owner  of  steamers,  Portland,  Or. 

De  Campos,  Capt.  M.,  was  born  in  Lisbon,  Portugal,  in 
1848,  and  comnienced  sailing  out  of  ports  of  that  country  in 

1859.  He  was  first  engaged  in  the  coasting  service,  but  after- 
ward followed  deep-water  sailing  in  the  China,  .South  American, 
India  and  Mediterranean  trade.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
several  years  ago  and  al  present  has  commaiid  of  the  Bundaleer, 
carrying  coal  between  Naiiaimo  and  San  I'raiicisco. 

Decker,  H.  P.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Deckson,  Richard,  Oakland,  Cal..  served  first  on  the 
steamer  llaniaid  Ca.^tle  and  is  at  present  mate  011  the  Empire. 

Deilrick.  I'rcd,  mate  on  coasting  schooners. 

Delilin,  August,  male  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Swe- 
den in  1856  and  sailed  out  of  European  ports  in  the  deep-water 
trade  until  1880.  He  then  began  coasting  on  the  Pacific  and 
has  recently  been  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound. 

Delanty,  Capt.  William,  Port  Discovery,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1836.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  sixties,  entering  the  employ  of  the  Port  Discovery  Mill 
Company.  His  first  marine  work  was  on  the  tug  .S.  A.  A/aslick, 
which  he  commanded  for  three  years,  and  then  retired  to  devote 
his  time  to  the  company's  mill  business. 

De  Launay,  Scott  A  ,  engineer.  Port  Blakely,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Oregon  in  1871,  commenced  his  marine  career  on  the 
steamer  Cruiser  on  Gray's  Harbor  in  1S88,  and  has  since  served 
on  the  Olympian,  Rainier,  Queen  Cily,  and  a  number  of  other 
steamers. 

De  Launey,  C.  E.,  engineer,  was  bora  in  Illinois  in  1867 
and  couiiueuced  steamboating  on  Coos  Bay  in  1884,  leaving 
there  shortly  afterward  for  Puget  Soniid.  He  is  at  present 
living  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

Delgfrduo,  James,  was  born  at  Port  Townsend  in  1859  and 
i.  a  son  of  the  pionei .  Captain  Delgardno.  His  m.irine  experi- 
ence was  limited  to  a  few  years,  in  which  he  operated  the 
schooner  Mary  Taylor.  He  purchased  her  oil  the  Columbia 
River,  where  she  was  operated  as  a  bar  tug,  ind,  on  bringing 
her  to  the  Sound,  Mr.  Delgardno  removed  the  machinery  and 
lengthened  her.  After  sailing  her  for  a  short  time  he  sold  her 
to  Captains  Ettershanks,  Thompson  and  Ramsey  of  Victoria, 
who  used  her  as  a  pilot  schooner. 

Delleuger,  Samuel,  mate  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Denny,  Henry  L.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Indiana  in  i8j,S.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  marine 
business  since  1869,  when  he  began  running  on  the  steamer 


M 


if 
I 

;    1 


I-  I 


^Sl 


466 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  Hiafory  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Phanlom  on  Puget  Sound.  During  hi*  career  lie  ha«  been 
engineer  on  the  Coinel,  Yukima,  Oiler,  Fanny  l.akr,  /.ephyr. 
Cascades,  AMie,  Henry  llailey.  Slate  of  Washinglon ,  Mull- 
nomah  and  IHspalch. 

Derrick,  l^uis,  engineer,  San  Francisco. 

Devere,  John,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  woa  born  in  New 
Brunswick.  He  has  been  steanilmating  in  the  Northwest  for 
seven  years  and  is  at  present  Tirst  assistant  on  the  steamer 
Culch. 

Devereaux,  William,  engineer,  San  Francisco. 

Dick,  William,  engineer,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  Imrn  in  Scot- 
land in  1855.  He  came  to  Victoria  in  iHqu  and  has  since  been 
engaged  on  the  Islander,  Quadra  and  other  steamers.  Previous 
to  his  arrival  hu  was  for  many  years  employed  on  steamers  on 
the  River  Tay. 

Dickson,  George  W.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  engineer  on 
steamer  Leonora. 

Dickson,  P.  A.,  mete,  San  Francisco. 

Dieckhoff,  K.  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been 
steamboating  on  the  Sound  since  1K89  ancl  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  tug  Wanderer. 

Dinsmore,  F.  B,,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1849  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  but  a 
short  time. 

Dixon,  William,  master  of  steamer  (^.  A'.,  Astoria,  Or. 

Dobeson,  Thomas,  engineer,  Nanaimo,  B.  C,  was  Imrn  in 
Newcastle,  England,  in  1S44.  He  ran  for  some  time  lietween 
Newcastle  and  London  and  also  in  the  Me<lilerranean  trade. 
He  has  been  connected  with  steamboating  but  little  since  com- 
ing to  the  Pacific  Coast  and  is  engaged  in  repairing  vessels  at 
Nanaimo. 

Dobson,  C.  H.,  engineer,  was  born  iu  New  York  in  1837. 
He  went  to  Nicaragua  in  1S5S  to  run  a  steamer  on  the  river 
there,  but  the  company  backing  the  enteiprise  failed,  and  he 
crossed  the  isthmus  on  foot  and  came  to  San  Francisco,  where 
he  entere<l  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company. 
He  ran  for  many  years  on  the  (iolden  Age  an<l  Sacranieiilo. 
At  present  he  is  connected  with  the  whaler  Belvidere. 

Dobson,  Thomas  H.,  second  officer  on  steamship  Fieloria, 
was  born  in  Scotland  in  1865  and  has  been  connected  with  the 
marine  business  for  eleven  years. 

Dodd,  Capt.  A.,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  iSj6  and  came  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1861.  He  commenced  running  in  the 
Puget  Sound  lumber  trade,  and  was  for  a  few  years  master  of 
the  Minnie  (•.  Alkins.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  go  north  in 
the  codfishing  business,  but  afterward  returned  to  the  lumlier 
trade,  sailing  the  .lliins  until  1873,  when  she  was  sunk  by 
the  schooner  /.aura  May.  In  1874  he  built  the  schooner 
ycnus,  which  he  sailed  until  1881,  when  he  constructed  the 
schooner  Howard,  with  which  he  remained  thirteen  years,  dis- 
posing of  her  in  1894  to  take  command  of  the  bark  /  'idelle.  of 
which  he  is  part  owner. 

Donald,  William,  mate,  Newcastle,  Wash, 

Donaldson,  J.  J.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  lx)rn  in 
Michigan  in  1859.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1887  and  was 
first  engaged  on  the  steamer  ff»^  Van  Winkle. 

Donaldson,  James,  third  assistant  engineer  on  steamship 
Vicloiia,  was  born  in  Scotland.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
with  the  steamer  Cily  ofSeallle,  and  has  spent  most  of  the  time 
since  on  steariers  running  to  China.  When  ashore  he  resides 
on  a  fine  ranch  at  Queets,  Wash. 

Doney,  G.  W.,  master  and  pilot,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1859.  He  began  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  on  the 
Evangel  in  1882,  was  afterward  ou  the  Ivashinglon,  and  lias 
since  filled  different  positions  on  the  steamers  .Stale  of  Waih- 
inglon,  Sehome,  J.  R.  McDonald,  Mabel,  Henry  Bailey,  Annie 
M.  Pence,  Flyer  and  others. 

Donovan,  Thomas,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Dorn,  Capt.  F.  A.,  is  a  native  of  Quincy,  Mass.  He  came 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  ou  the  clipper  ship  naunlless  in  1871  and 
continued  with  her  until  1879,  when  he  returned  to  San  Fran- 
cisco and  made  a  number  of  voyages  to  the  South  Sea  Islauds. 
For  the  past  few  years  he  has  been  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  trade 
in  command  of  the  barkentine  Planler. 

Douglas,  George  W.,  Whatcom,  Wash.,  master  of  steamer 
Emma  D. 

Douglass,  John,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Dow,  Frank  P.,  master,  Whatcom,  Wash. 

Uragoylovich,  Christ,  chief  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C, 
was  born  in  Austria  in  1857  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  steam- 
ship service  ou  the  Mediterranean,  Red,  Baltic  and  Black  seas 
and  in  other  parts  of  the  world.  He  came  to  British  Columbia 
in  1S91  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  I'nion  Steamship  Com- 
pany as  chief  engineer  of  their  steamer  Comox. 

Drennon,  William  H.,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or. 


Drew,  Oscar  A.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Boston  in  1856.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1880  au'l 
l>egan  steamlmating  on  the  Daisy.  He  was  afterward  engagtil 
on  the  Zephyr,  Idaho.  Success,  Xellie,  A.  f.  I'erry.  SI.  /iilriii 
and  others,  retiring  from  the  water  a  short  time  ago  to  take  a 
position  as  engineer  in  the  Seattle  Fire  Department. 

Dreyer,  Capt.  Philip,  was  Imru  in  Denmark  in  1859,  began 
sailing  on  the  I'acific  Coast  on  the  schooner  I'arallel  in  1881. 
and  is  at  present  master  of  the  schooner  l.yman  D.  Fosler. 

Drisko,  W.  F.,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Dronillard,  John,  engineer,  commenced  his  marine  servici- 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  as  fireman  on  the  steamer  S/inhrick  in 
1878.  He  has  since  run  as  second  or  first  assistant  on  llu 
steamships  Umalilla,  II  alia  Walla,  Mexico,  Noyo  and  l.ak 
me,  and  the  tugs  Sea  l.ion  anil  Wanderer.  He  has  also  scrveil 
08  chief  of  the  steamers  Lakme  and  San  Juan.  While  on  the- 
Sound  he  was  chief  oii  the  steamer  Nellie  on  the  Snohoinisli 
route.  Recently  he  has  been  employed  on  the  steanisliips 
Mackinaw.  .Irago,  Arcala,  Yaquina  and  Alcalras. 

Drnry,  J.  R.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1863, 
commenced  steamboating  at  Victoria  on  the  /V»>'/in  1884,  and 
is  at  present  connected  with  the  steamer  Mary  F.  I'erley. 

Dubeck,  Frank,  master  Hn<l  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Dudley,  A.  J.,  engineer,  Poriland,  Dr.,  has  been  steam- 
boating in' the  Northwest  for  the  past  ten  years.  He  lie^an  on 
the  steamer  Cruiser.  Capt.  John  Reed,  and  remained  with  her 
and  the  tugs  Traveler  and  Hutiler  until  1890.  He  soon  after- 
ward joined  the  steamer  ll'illapa.  Captain  Hailey,  and  on 
leaving  her  served  on  the  Alliance,  Capt.  John  Peterson. 

Duffy,  Peter,  engineer,  San  Francisco. 

Duhig,  Fred,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Dunton,  Oliver,  engineer,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1858,  begnii 
sailing  out  of  Atlantic  ports  when  a  boy,  and  caiile  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  18.S6  as  oiler  on  the  steamship  Al  A'l.  Hi- 
remained  with  her  three  years,  then  went  to  the  steamship 
ll'alla  Walla  as  water-tender  and  .second  assistant  engineer, 
and  was  next  on  the  steamers  Caspar,  Cleone,  l.aguna  and 
Greenjcood.  He  joined  the  steamer  Alcalra:  about  three  years 
ago  as  first  assistant  and  was  afterwani  promoted  to  the  position 
of  chief  engineer,  which  he  still  holds. 

Dyer,  Fred  A.,  master,  was  born  in  Missouri  in  1836  and 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1869,  first  running  on  the  sleaniei 
Mary  Woodruff.  In  1.S.S4  he  built  the  steanier^w.ci  McNauglil 
at  Seattle  and  ran  her  four  years.  He  served  on  the  stenniiT 
Island  /telle  for  a  short  time,  and  also  on  the  steamer  Tca.ur 
on  the  Victoria  and  Westminster  route.  He  then  settled  al 
Lyman,  Wash.,  on  a  ranch,  where  he  is  living  at  the  present 
time. 

Dyreborg,  Capt.  R.  H.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1848  and 
came  to  San  I'rancisco  in  1875,  having  previously  sailed  in 
deep-water  ships  all  over  the  world.  He  has  been  running 
most  of  the  time  in  the  coasting  trade  since  his  arrival,  his  last 
command  being  the  bark  Forest  Queen. 

Kastabrook,  Capt.  G.  L.,  New  Denver,  H.  C,  was  born  in 
New  Bruuswick  in  1846.  He  commenced  the  marine  business 
in  1867  on  the  steamer  Rothesay  c  the  St.  John  River.  He 
followed  deep  water  for  a  number  of  years  and  in  189J  look 
charge  of  the  W.  Hunter,  the  only  sleainer  on  Slocan  Lake. 

Edgett,  Arllinr,  master  mariner,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  has 
recently  l>een  engaged  on  the  steamer  Zona. 

Kdington,  Thomas,  mate,  Victoria,  H.  C. 

Edwards,  H.  S.,  steward  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  sailing 
on  the  coast  since  1881 . 

EUingsen,  Capt.  Ole  Peter,  Parkersburg,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Norway  iu  1845  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1871.  In  iS-h 
he  was  mate  of  the  steamer  Cordelia,  running  to  Coquille,  ami 
served  as  mate  in  "the  Coos  Bay  trade  until  1884,  when  he 
retired  from  the  water  for  nine  years.  He  returned  in  1893  as 
master  of  the  schooner  /\irkershurg,  of  which  he  is  slill  iti 
command. 

Ellingson,  Charles,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  1858.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1884  and  \\a> 
been  sailing  north  from  San  Francisco  since.  He  has  recently 
been  connected  with  the  schooner  Addie. 

Elliott,  E.  M.,  engineer,  Marshfield,  Or.,  whs  born  in 
Texas  in  1867.  He  commenced  his  marine  career  on  Gray'-. 
Harbor  in  i8.'>8,  remaining  there  four  years,  and  then  went  tr> 
Coos  Bay,  where  he  is  al  present  engaged  as  engineer  on  tlif 
Cornel. 

Ellis,  R.  H.,  engineer,  Port  Townsend,  Wash. 

Ellis,  Capt.  W.  H.,  Eureka,  Cal.,  was  born  in  Massachi: 
setts  in  1838  ami  began  his  marine  service  on  the  Atlanli' 
Coast  at  the  age  of  ten.  He  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  in  iSb.' 
as  first  officer  of  the  bark  //arty  Hammond,  of  which  he  wii^ 
placed  in   command  on   arrival.     He  commanded  Americai: 


^ 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


467 


fas  born  i" 
■I.  Ill  iS7h 
o<iiiiUe,  ami 


vcMcIs  under  the  British  flag  for  twenty  years,  sailinft  to  all 
parts  of  the  worlil.  In  1HH7  he  returned  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
and  located  at  Kureka,  hut  soon  returned  to  the  water  as  master 
of  the  schooner  Spiirto7i'  for  tliree  years,  and  is  at  present  un 
tlie  schooner  Halcyon. 

Ivllison,  Isaac,  mate,  Portland,  Or.,  was  born  in  Liverpool, 
KnKland,  in  184S.  He  came  to  San  I'rancisco  in  1863  and  since 
then  has  navixateil  the  waters  of  the  Pacific  Coast  from  Cape 
Horn  to  Alaska. 

Kllikon,  Thomas.  San  Francisco,  chief  steward  of  steamer 
Wellington. 

KIrod,  Capt.  W.  K. ,  was  born  on  Prince  Kdward  Island  in 
1846.  He  sailed  in  the  deep-water  service  and  on  the  Cireat 
Lakes  until  187],  when  he  retired,  but  ten  years  later  came 
to  Coos  Bay.  He  purchased  the  steamer  l.tilii,  ran  her  for  a 
year,  and  on  disposing  of  her  remained  ashoie  for  a  few 
months.  He  then  took  command  of  the  tug  I. ill  ion  and  after- 
ward the  Kalie  Cook,  Exfress,  Cumtu.v  and  Milton.  He  is  at 
present  living  at  Marshfield,  Or. 

Klsmorc,  John,  master  and  pilot,  was  born  in  England  in 
1862.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1876,  his  first  work  lieing 
on  the  steamer  Nellie.  He  was  afterward  on  the  Eliza  Ander- 
son, George  E.  Starr,  and  a  number  of  other  well  known 
steamers. 

Hngelbrecht,  R.  T.,  steamboat  owner  and  boatbuilder, 
Lake  Washington,  Wash. 

Hnglisli,  John,  engineer,  San  I'rancisco,  has  been  in  the 
steamship  service  on  the  Coast  since  1872.  He  has  ruu  north 
on  the  steamers  Walla  Walla,  Colinuhia,  Haylian  Republii 
and  tug  Eearleu,  and  is  still  connected  with  the  latter. 

Knson,  C,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  sailing  in 
deep  water  and  coastwise  out  of  San  I'rancisco  since  1871,  and 
for  the  past  two  years  has  been  on  the  schooner  Glendale. 

Kpler,  John  H.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Erickson,  K.  T.,  San  Francisco,  mate  on  sailing  vessels. 

Krickson,  Capt.  Emanuel,  Ho<|uiani,  Wash.,  was  Iwrn  in 
Sweden  in  1854  and  has  been  in  the  marine  business  for 
twenty-three  years.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coust  in  1887  and 
has  been  engaged  on  nearly  all  the  steamers  on  (iray's  Harbor, 
serving  as  mnster  on  the  /iilgar,  A'c,t//c.H  and  Tillie. 

Krickson,  Capt.  Frank,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  Fin- 
land in  1851.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  i.SHi,  shipping 
first  as  seaman  on  the  barkcntiue  .\'orth  Bend.  He  afterward 
ran  as  mate  on  a  number  of  coasting  vessels  and  in  1891  was 
given  command  of  the  schoouer  Antelope,  with  which  he  still 
remains. 

Erickson,  John,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  I'rancisco. 

Ericsson,  Charles,  mate  on  coasting  vessels,  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  1865  and  commenced  his  marine  service  in  his 
native  country.  He  lias  been  running  north  from  San  I'ran- 
cisco for  about  nine  years,  and  for  some  time  past  has  been 
first  officer  on  the  steamer  Whilesboro. 

Ernst,  Capt.  Jacob,  Marshfield,  Or.,  master  and  engineer, 
was  l>orn  in  Ohio  in  1845  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S74, 
beginning  his  marine  career  as  ileckband  on  the  sleainer 
Messenger.  He  was  afterward  master  of  the  Messenger  a\v\  of 
the  steamer  Myrtle,  ami  since  1875  has  at  different  tunes  com- 
manded nearly  every  steamer  on  Coos  Bay.  At  present  he  is 
muster  of  the  steamer  lUitcher  Hoy. 

Etheridge,  C,  Olympia,  Wash.,  boatbuilder,  built  the  .llida 
and  other  well  known  Sound  vessels. 

Eustis,  Samuel,  engineer  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Ottawa,  III.,  and  has  been  steainboating  on  the  Sound 
for  about  five  years. 

Evans,  John,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  England 
ill  i&y  ami  was  for  several  years  in  the  British  Navy.  He 
came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  in  1S76  and  joined  the  steamship 
/.ikelikc  at  Honolulu,  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  around  the 
Hawaiian  Islands.  After  leaving  there  Mr.  Evans  made  a  trip 
to  Australia,  but  soon  afterward  returned  to  the  Islands  and 
went  to  Panama,  where  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  canal  com- 
pany for  three  years.  On  his  return  to  San  Francisco  lie 
sccuretl  a  position  with  the  t'nioii  Iron  Works,  working  on  the 
cruiser  Cnarlestoii.  In  1888  he  joined  the  steaiiisbip  Willa- 
mette, leaving  her  a  few  months  later  to  go  to  Honolulu,  where 
he  served  for  sixteen  months  on  a  steamer  plying  between  the 
Islands.  In  December,  1893,  he  went  to  the  United  States 
steamer  Hartley  at  San  Francisco  and  has  since  remained  with 
her. 

Evans,  W.  H.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C. ,  was  born  in 
England  in  1862  and  serveil  an  apprenticesliij)  at  T.  Richardson 
iS:  Sons,  afterward  joining  the  tramp  steamship  Sveden.  He 
was  employed  on  a  number  of  steamships  and  has  been  in 
several  collisions.  In  1884  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  and 
entered  the  employ  of  railroad  contractor  Onderdonk.  In  1889 
he  joined  the  steamer  Heaver  as  second  assistant,  remaining 
with  her  but  t*o  trips,  when  she  was  wrecked.     He  was  subse- 


quently on  the  steamers  Vaiuouver,  Leonora,  Swan,  Agnes, 
Cruiser  and  I^'airy  (Jiieen.  He  made  a  few  trips  as  sixth  assis- 
tant engineer  on  the  steamship  Emfires..  of  China. 

Everson,  William  T.,  Portland,  Dr.,  was  born  in  Ohio  in 

1847.  He  began  steainboating  on  the  Columbia  River  in  1870 
ami  was  engaged  on  the  Tnited  States  steamers  Lincoln  and 
Cascades  for  several  years.  He  then  retired  from  the  water  and 
entered  the  emplov  of  the  Portland  Iron  Works,  where  he  has 
been  master  meclianic  for  several  years,  and  was  recently 
appointed  to  the  new  office  of  stationary  boiler  inspector  at 
Portland. 

Ewry,  George,  engineer,  was  born  in  Portland,  Or.,  in 
1861.  He  was  with  the  Jefferson  Street  Ferry  Company  for 
several  years,  and  has  since  serveil  as  chief  engineer  of  the 
steamers  Salem,  Hatlie  licltc  and  A'cliani. 

Fader,  Capt.  E.  J  ,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  18(13.  On  coming  to  the  Northwest  he  ran  for 
some  time  as  master  of  the  steamer  Afuricl,  having  charge  of 
her  when  she  picked  up  the  crew  of  the  Header  ai  the  time  of 
her  loss. 

Fairfield,  Daniel,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Pandrich,  Julius,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Russia  in  1846.  He  was  engaged  for  ten  years  on  the  schooner 
Electric  and  has  since  sailed  on  a  number  of  other  well  known 
coasters.  He  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  twenty-five 
years,  and  is  at  present  sailing  on  the  schooner  liobolink. 

Farley.  M.  H.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Dubuijue,  Iowa,  and  commenced  steamlmating  on  the  Willa- 
mette River  in  iSSo,  After  running  there  a  few  years  he  went 
to  Puget  Sound,  where  lie  has  since  been  engaged,  recently 
working  on  tlic  steamer  Petroitan  chief  engineer.  He  was  also 
for  a  short  time  on  the  middle  and  upgier  Columbia  River, 

Farmer,  H.  W.,  engineer,  Taconia,  Wash. 

Fast,  .^xel,  engineer,  .Seattle,  Wash. 

Faugh,  Tliomas,  engineer,  Marsbfielil,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Tennessee  in  1849  and  coniinenced  his  marine  service  on  the 
Mississippi  River  He  came  to  Coos  Hay  in  1887  and  has  since 
been  engaged  on  different  steamers  there  and  on  the  Corjnille 
and  .Siuslaw  rivers. 

Ferguson,  Alexamler,  New  Westminster,  H.  C,  purser, 
Canadian  Pacific  Nuvigatior  C     npany. 

F'ergnson,  M.  J.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Belfast,  Ireland,  in 

1848.  He  came  to  tile  Pacific  Coast  on  the  steamship  .Irizona, 
remaining  with  her  a  few  months,  and  then  working  at  his 
trade  of  boiler-maker  for  six  years.  In  1,879  he  entered  the 
employ  of  the  North  I'acific  Trailing  &  Packing  Company, 
going  north  for  them  and  assisting  in  erecting  a  sawmill  and 
tannery  on  Prince  of  Wales  Island.  He  remained  in  their 
employ  for  five  years,  ami  while  there  took  the  first  steamer 
over  Copper  River  bar  into  Cape  Marlin  delta.  Mr.Verguson 
then  went  as  engineer  on  the  steamer  Thistle  for  a  year,  and 
was  for  two  years  engineer  on  the  steamer  GV/'/c  Story,  then 
owiieil  by  Waller  .Story,  who  was  building  a  cannery  on  Kyack 
Island.  He  was  also  engineer  on  the  tug  /hmald  for  a  year 
while  she  was  towing  on  the  Souni..  and  spent  one  year  in  the 
Arctic  as  chief  engineer  of  a  whaling  steamship.  Mr.  Ferguson, 
ill  addition  to  his  established  reputation  as  an  engineer,  is 
({uite  well  known  as  an  athlete,  having  taken  a  number  of 
prizes  at  athletic  contests  in  England,  Ireland  and  the  United 
.States.     .\t  present  he  is  living  in  San  Francisco. 

Ferguson,  William,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Field,  Archie,  I.adner's  Landing,  B.  C,  master  of  the  tug 
Ihlta. 

Fields,  Capt.  John  M.,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1S41.  He 
has  been  in  the  steamship  service  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since 
1S69,  rniining  as  first  officer  on  the  Pakota,  .'iierra  Xei'ada, 
.I/ax,  Ori/lamme,  .'itatc  0/ Cali/oriiia  and  other  steamers. 

I'inn,  L.  J.,  engineer,  Port  Townseiid,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Michigan  in  1.S62.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  marine 
business  for  twelve  years,  and  has  run  on  steamers  on  Piiget 
Sound  since  18S7,  most  of  the  lime  as  second  assistant. 

Fisher,  Capt.  .\.  C,  master  and  pilot,  Astoria,  Or. 

Fisher.  Peter,  steward  of  schooner  Charles  A.  Falk,  has 
lieen  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1S75. 

Fitch,  Capt.  Frank  K.,  was  born  in  New  Vork  in  1844  and 
has  been  sailing  in  various  jiarts  of  the  world  since  boyhood. 
He  was  for  a  short  time  boatkeeper  of  the  State  pilot  schooner 
San  Jose  off  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River,  and  was  after- 
ward appointed  harbor  master  of  the  city  of  Portland. 

Fitzgerald.  Tliouias.  Vancouver,  B.  C,  sixth  assistant 
engineer  of  slcanisliip  Warrimoo. 

I'lavel,  Capt.  J.  II.,  Edison,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1S32.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  the  fifties  and  was  for 
several  years  in  the  employ  of  the  Russian-.^merican  Telegraph 
Company  as  master  of  the  schooner  1/  ingcd  Racer.  He  retired 
from  the  water  about  twenty  years  ago. 


(   i 


i  \  \ 


\  V 


468 


Z.eif/8  (J  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Flint,  Harry  P.,  engineer,  wu  bom  in  New  York  City  in 
186^.  !Ie  commenced  •teanibo*titi|{  on  PuKet  Sound  in  iHHi 
as  hrenian  on  the  Hope,  and  wait  afterward  on  tin-  revenne  cut- 
ter OUi'er  Wokoll  and  on  Alasilta  steamers.  He  commenced 
tU|{l>oatinK  several  years  ago  and  is  at  present  engaged  on  the 
.Veil  l.ioH. 

Flint,  Julius,  master.  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  Imrn  in 
Denmark  in  1852.  He  liesan  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in 
1H71  on  the  hark  Amethyst.  In  1879  he  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  Alaska  Pur  Company  between  San  Francisco  and  Alaska, 
remaining  with  them  until  1882.  He  then  commenced  tug- 
hoating  on  Puget  Sound,  running  as  mate  and  pilot  on  the 
S.  I..  Minlick,J.  B.  Libby,  Sea  l.ton  and  others. 

Polwrg,  Alfred,  mate,  San  Francisco. 

Foley,  Capt.  J.  B.,  was  born  on  Prince  Kdward  Island  in 
1858.  He  was  in  the  Gloucester,  Mass.,  fishing  fleet  as  seaman 
for  eight  years  and  then  took  command  of  a  mackerel  schooner. 
He  came  to  British  Columbia  in  1887  and  joined  the  tug  Veloi 
as  mate,  and  was  afterward  on  the  steam  schooner  Mischief  ani\ 
the  Capilano,  engaged  in  halibut  fishing.  Captain  Foley  is  at 
present  manager  of  the  American  Fish  Company  at  New  West- 
minster, B.  C. 

Foley,  Thomas,  engineer,  was  horn  in  San  Francisco  and 
began  steaniboating  on  Puget  Sound  in  188(1  on  the  J.  I!,  t.ibby. 
He  has  since  lieen  connected  with  a  number  of  well  known 
Puget  Souml  steamers  and  was  with  the  J.  R.  McDonald 
when  she  burned  at  Prevost  Island. 

Foniian,  Capt.  John  D.,  Nanaimo,  B.  C. 

Forrest,  Capt.  C.  M.,  was  born  in  .Sweden  in  1846  and  ran 
on  sailing  vessels  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  for  a  few  years,  coming 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1866.  The  followin^^  are  the  names  of 
son  '■  of  the  vessels  he  has  been  connecte<l  with  :  ships  Caroline 
Keed,  Helios,  bark  Almalia,  schooner  Wild  Pigeon,  wrecked 
at  Stewart's  Point  obout  18' i,  schooners  rhoehc  Fay,  Ati:ona, 
randeihill,  Slaghoiind,  Jennie  Thelin,  Fannie  Piitard,  Elsie, 
and  steamer  F.astporl,  running  to  Coos  Bay.  For  the  past  nine 
years  he  has  been  connected  with  the  schooner  Melancthon  as 
master,  running  from  San  Francisco  to  Alaska  points  and 
Gray's  Harbor. 

Foster,  Capt,  Henry,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Foster,  Robert,  engineer,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  born  in  New 
York  City  in  1857  and  began  running  on  the  steamer  Otter  out 
of  Victoria  in  18S7.  He  continued  there  for  two  years  and  was 
then  with  the  British  Columbia  Transportation  &  Towing 
Company  on  the  steamers  /leaver,  Graf  pier  and  Pilol.  He 
has  also  served  on  the  steamers  Sardonyx,  Cariboo  and  F/ymid 
Gertrude.     He  has  recently  been  on  the  steameryciin. 

Foster,  Thomas,  master  mariner,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Fowler,  G.  C,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  New 
York  in,i8j7  and  served  for  a  great  many  years  on  Vanderbilt's 
steamers  on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  running  as  chief  engineer  on 
the  North  Star,  Northern  Light .  Star  of  the  West,  New  York 
and  others.  From  Vanderbilt's  employ  Mr.  Fowler  went  to  the 
Pacific  Mail  Steam.ship  Company,  working  for  tlieni  fifteen 
years,  eight  of  which  he  was  superintending  engineer  in  the 
construction  of  the  steamships  Acapulco,  Grenada,  Colon, 
Colima.  City  of  Tokio  and  City  of  Peking.  He  remained  with 
them  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  a  year  and  then  resigned  and 
engaged  in  the  coal  trade. 

Fox,  A.  L.,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or. 

Fox,  James  C,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or. 

Fox,  John,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or.,  superintendent  of  Astoria 
Iron  Works. 

Franke,  B.  J.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  in  the 
coasting  trade  for  twelve  years. 

Fraser,  A.  M.,  engineer,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  Scotland  in  1847.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1.S76,  began 
running  as  second  assistant  on  the  Favorite,  and  was  afterward 
employed  on  the  St.  Patrick,  Colfax,  Politkofsky,  Fnterprise, 
Queen  City  and  Wildwood. 

Fraser,  Daniel,  engineer,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  and 
began  steaniboating  on  Puget  Sound  in  1882  on  the  Politkofsky, 
where  he  was  engaged  as  first  assistant  and  chief  four  years. 
He  was  afterward  on  the  Sarah  M.  Renton,  Fanny  Lake, 
George  E.  Starr  and  others. 

Fraser,  Capt.  Lyman  H.,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  was  bom 
in  Nova  Scotia  in  1867.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1890 
and  joined  the  Fraser  River  steamer  Telephone  as  mate  for  two 
and  one-half  years.  He  was  afterward  master  of  the  Delta  and 
then  took  command  of  the  Telephone. 

Frederick,  Capt.  Robert,  Jr.,  Bandon,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Petaluma,  Cal.,  in  1868  and  commenced  stcamboating  in  1889 
on  the  Restless  on  Coquille  River.  He  has  since  been  con- 
nected with  the  Dispatch  and  Alert. 

Freeman,  A.,  master  mariner,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  came  to 
Vancouver  in  1890  and  has  since  been  connected  with  the 
Skidegate,  Culch,  Glide,  Cotnox  and  Capilano. 


Freeman,  F.  W.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels  and  steam 
schooners,  was  for  seven  years  on  the  Helen  W.  .limy  ami 
has  served  on  other  well  known  vessels. 

Freeman,  Capt.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Brewster,  Mass.,  in 
183s,  began  in  the  marine  liusiness  in  1851,  and  has  Iwen  sail 
ing  in  various  parts  of  the  world  since.  He  lost  the  shi|> 
Gold  Hunter  in  the  China  Sea  and  with  great  difTicnlty  reached 
shore.  On  returning  to  the  ITnited  Stales  he  remained  ashore 
four  years,  and  then  took  command  of  the  ship  Glory  of  the 
Seas,  which  he  has  sailed  since  1885. 

Freeman,  T.  J.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  wharfinger  of  tinioii 
Steamship  Company. 

Freethy,  W.  A.,  master  of  American  bark  Pbrtl'tnd  Lloyds.. 

French,  Capt.  Austin  I,.,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

French,  K.  J.,  engineer,  was  born  ii;  C.ilifornia  in  1862  and 
has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  since  1881.  He  lins 
recently  Iwen  connected  with  the  Rosalie  on  Puget  Sound. 

French,  Capt.  G.  11.,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  master  of 
towing  steamers. 

Frye,  Capt.  George   F.,  who  was  on    the  J.  Ii.  Libby  as 

Curser  and  master  during  her  early  days  on  Puget  Sound,  was 
orn  in  Germany  in  1833  and  has  had  but  little  experience  in 
steaniboating.  He  ran  as  purser  on  the  /.ibby  (or  about  a  year, 
in  1S7U  had  command  of  the  steamer,  and  as  captain  and  purser 
ran  her  about  four  years.  On  failing  to  again  secure  the  mail 
contract  at  the  expiration  of  that  time,  he  retired  from  tlie 
water  and  has  not  been  identified  with  the  marine  business  since. 

Frye,  George  W.,  shipping  master,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Fuller,  0.  H.,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

FuUerton,  Capt.  James  A.,  marine  superintendent,  V,in- 
couver,  B.  C,  was  liorn  in  Kngland  in  1X45.  He  commenced 
his  marine  service  in  1S72  with  the  Allen  steamship  line,  with 
whom  he  remained  for  sixteen  years  in  charge  of  their  receiv- 
ing departments  at  Montreal,  Portland,  Me.,  and  Boston.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1SH8  as  marine  superintendent  of 
the  Fairfield  Shipbuilding  Company  of  Glasgow,  Scotlaml, 
who  were  operating  the  steamers  Abyssinia,  Parthia,  Jiatnvia 
and  Danube.  In  May,  1891,  he  left  the  service  of  that  company 
and  joined  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rai'way  Company. 

FuUerton,  John,  master  mariner,  .San  Francisco,  was  born 
in  Ireland  in  1857  and  has  been  sailing  north  from  San  Fran- 
cisco since  1879.  He  was  first  on  the  bark  Aureola  for  five 
years  and  recently  on  the  ship  yosemite. 

Fulton,  Capt.  F,.,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Nova  Scotia  in  1862.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  188S  and 
purchased  an  interest  in  the  tug  .Swan,  which  he  ran  for  a  year 
and  then  took  command  of  the  tug  /ris.  He  afterward  coui- 
manded  the  tugs  Prunette,  Fancouvet  and  Fslelle,  and  has 
recently  had  charge  of  the  steamer  Coi/uitlam. 

Fussell,  Capt.  John,  was  liorii  in  Massachusetts  in  185.S. 
Me  commenced  steaniboating  on  Puget  Sound  on  the  Faiiiiv 
Lake  in  1878.  He  is  at  j>re.sent  living  at  IJtcatnr  Island,  .San 
Juan,  Wash. 

Gallop,  Capt.  J.  T. ,  was  born  in  Kngland  in  1S50  and  cotii- 
nienced  Ins  marine  career  in  that  country  in  1869.  He  shortly 
aftt  rward  came  to  the  United  States  and  served  in  the  iron 
trade  on  the  Great  Lakes.  He  came  to  '.he  Pacific  Coast  in 
1874  and  received  his  first  command  in  1881  on  the  schooner 
Vandeibilt.  .A  year  later  he  went  to  the  barkentine  Monitor. 
where  he  remained  for  about  six  years  afterward  handling  tlic 
schooner  Mary  /)Mtge  for  the  same  length  of  time.  For  ilie 
past  two  years  he  has  had  command  of  the  schoonery.  G.  Wall. 

Galloway,  P'rederick  Payne,  third  officer  of  steamship 
/impress  of  India. 

Gninage,  K.  H.,  mate  and  pilot,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1.S6S. 
His  first  marine  work  was  on  the  tug  //unter  on  Grav's  Harbor 
in  1884.  He  has  since  served  o.?  the  steamers  .%«//<  llend,  Tom 
Morns,  City  of  .Isloria,  tugs  Traveler,  Ranger,  and  other 
Gray's  Harbor  ami  .Shoalwater  Bay  craft. 

Gammon,  Capt.  AbnerS.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  i8.to  and 
began  his  marine  career  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  sailing  to  Euro- 
pean ports  on  the  ship  Abner  Stetson.  He  was  afterward 
engaged  on  the  clipper  ship  Beverly  anil  was  with  her  when 
she  was  chased  by  tlie  privateer  Florida.  His  first  work  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  was  on  the  bark  Cowlitz  in  1882.  He  h.is 
continued  sailing  in  the  Northwest  since,  and  has  recently  had 
command  of  the  ship  Louis  Walsh. 

Gard,  Patrick,  engineer  on  Puget  Sound  steamers,  began 
mnning  as  fireman  on  the  Etiza  Anderson  in  1874.  He  w.i.-i 
afterward  fireman  on  the  Glide,  Olympia,  George  E.  Slair, 
City  of  Qitincy  and  Daisy,  and  ran  as  engineer  on  the  steamers 
Galena,  At  A'l,  Washington,  Bis,  W.  F.  Munroe,  Fairhaven. 
State  of  Washington,  Zephyr,  Skagit  Chief,  Hassalo,  and  tui;'- 
Mogul  and  Sea  Lion. 

Gardner,  Adelbert,  engineer,  Portland,  Or.,  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1848.  He  began  steamboating  on  the  Willamcl.t- 
on  the  A.  A.  McCully,  and  has  since   been  engaged  on  ,1 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Watera  of  the  Northwett 


469 


iium'  '  of  well  known  nteanicni  on  tlie  Willanirtte  anil  Colum- 
bia riicTH  and  Ciinir  il'Alene  I.nkc.  lie  retired  from  tlie  water 
a  iiliort  time  u){0  and  i*  iit  preiient  one  of  the  cnxineerit  of  the 
I'nrtland  I-'ire  Department. 

(iaiih,  Frederick,  Seattle,  Wnnh.,  wax  mauler  on  a  few 
ateainers  on  I'nKet  Sound  in  the  early  aevrntieH.  lie  waa  on 
the  ( '<•/»■/(',  /://<;  H-'/tile  and  one  or  two  otluTH.  t)f  late  yearB 
he  liaa  not  been  identiHed  with  the  Iniaineoii,  ami  in  now  county 
comniiMioner  of  Kinx  County,  Waah. 

Gau^uey,  I,.,  atewanl,  Siui  I'rancifico. 

dates,  Al  W.,  mate,  waa  born  in  Maine  in  1S59  and  liia  lieen 
ateamboatinK  on  the  Columbia  Kiver  at  intervals  aince  1N81. 
He  lieKau  on  the  ateamer  .l/iir. 

Gawler,  CicorKe,  steward  of  steamahip  IVaniiiioo. 

Oeuereanx,  Capl,  I{.  C,  wua  born  in  San  I'rancisco  in  1X71. 
He  commenced  his  marine  Hervice  in  iHMK  ami  fur  the  past 
two  veara  has  been  nioater  and  part  owner  uf  the  Hchoouer 
Marion.  He  is  one  of  the  youngest  maaterH  sailing  out  of  San 
I'rancisco. 

Gettenby,  Thomas,  mate  on  sniliuK  vessels,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  i8iSi  and  hua  lieen  coaatiuft  out  of  San  Francisco 
for  the  past  nine  years. 

Gibson,  GeorKc  I..,  master  uf  sailing  vessels,  Iterkeley, 
Cal. 

Gilbert,  Georfje,  en);ineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  burn  in 
lidinburKh,  Scotland,  in  1S54.  lie  be^nu  his  marine  .service  in 
the  Northwest  in  18.S6  and  for  several  years  past  has  been 
engaged  on  the  steam  schooner  Michigan. 

Gilbreatli,  Oliver,  mate  on  river  steamers,  was  Imrn  in 
Tualitin,  Or.,  in  1SS7.  lie  commenced  steauiboatinK  in  |S8(> 
on  the  Government  snaKboat  Corvallts,  with  which  he  remained 
for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  also  on  the  snaxlmat  Skagit  on 
Puget  Sound  for  six  years. 

Gilchrist,  James,  Vancouver,  11.  C,  ninth  assistant  engi- 
neer of  steamship  Hiii/orss  0/  liiilia. 

Gill,  J.  A.,  engineer,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  born  in  New 
Hruuswick  in  1S51  and  commenced  his  marine  work  as  engi- 
neer on  tugboats  on  the  St.  John  Kiver.  He  came  to  Victoria 
in  1886  and  was  employed  as  chief  on  the  steamer  H'ooiiside. 
He  was  afterward  engagetl  on  the  steamers  Paisy,  Cariboo  am/ 
Fly  and  Velos. 

Gill,  Joseph,  Vancouver,  H.  C,  mate  of  steamer  Tepic. 

Gillam,  P..  W.,  pur.ser,  Seattle,  Wash  ,  was  born  in  Minne- 
sota in  1858.  He  served  as  purser  on  steamers  on  the  Missouri 
Kiver  before  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  since  that  time 
has  been  engaged  on  all  of  the  steamers  of  the  Puget  Sound  6t 
Alaska  Steamship  Company  and  several  of  the  Oregon  Railway 
&  Navigation  Company's  steamers. 

Gilmore,  Capt.  Charles  1'.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1852  and 
has  been  in  the  marine  business  since  1S66.  His  first  work 
in  the  Northwest  was  on  the  Hmsalo  iu  18S3.  He  is  at  present 
living  at  Kverett,  Wash. 

Gilmore,  Capt.  David,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Ireland 
in  1842.  He  has  been  engaged  in  a  number  of  steamboat  ven- 
tures on  Puget  Sound.  When  the  steamer  Edith  was  brought 
to  the  Sound  he  was  in  command  for  a  few  months,  and  also 
owned  the  steamers  Hope  ami  .V.  /..  Maalick.  lie  retired 
from  the  water  a  few  years  ago. 

Gilson,  George  N.,  engineer,  is  a  native  of  New  Vork  and 
was  running  on  ipiite  a  number  of  Puget  Sound  steamers 
between  1874  and  1879,  first  being  on  the  HIack  Diamond.  He 
was  also  on  the  Phantom,  Favoiitc,  l^espalch  and  llaztlle,  and 
in  iS,S9  was  again  running  to  the  Sound  on  the  steamships 
Umaiilta  and  Willamette.  He  retired  from  the  water  a  few 
years  ago  and  is  now  eiigiueer  al  the  Broadway  Pumping 
Station,  Lake  Washington. 

Gjertsen,  Andrew,  mate  and  ship-carpenter,  was  in  the 
lighthouse  service  on  the  Manzanita  for  three  years.  He 
was  severely  injured  at  Tillamook  in  1890  and  has  since  been 
assistant  keeper  at  the  North  Cove  lighthouse. 

Glo.ssop,  Henry  R.,  Griswold,  Wash.,  steward  on  Puget 
Sound  steamers. 

Goddyu,  A.lolph,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Itelgium  in  1862  and  serveil  his  apprenticeship  at  Cockerill's 
shipyard  at  Antwerp.  He  came  to  Victoria  in  1S88,  serving 
first  on  the  tug  Muriel. 

Goepper,  C.  M.,  steward,  Santa  Anna,  Cal. 

Goggins,  William,  engineer,  Wenatchie,  was  born  in  Wis- 
consin in  1864  and  commenced  liis  marine  career  on  the  Red 
River  of  the  North.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1SS7 
and  worked  for  a  short  time  on  the  ferry-boat  Rattler  on  the 
Columbia  River.  He  was  next  on  the  steamer  Hreyhoiiud  ou 
the  Sound  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  City  of 
Ellenshiirg  ou  the  upper  Columbia  River. 

Goldsmith,  Bernard,  Portland,  Or.,  was  president  of  the 
company  that  built  the  locks  at  Oregon  City.     I^Ie  was  born  in 


Germany  in  i8.)3,  and,  iu  connection  with  the  Willamette 
Locks  K  Transportation  Company,  was  interested  in  steam- 
lioating  for  five  or  six  years. 

Good,  James,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Goo<lell,  George,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or, 

Goo<lell,  T.  II.,  engineer,  Hoi|uiam,  was  born  iu  Wash- 
ington in  1868  and  has  been  engineer  on  Gray's  Harbor 
steamers  for  the  past  three  years. 

(ioodwin,  John  J.,  engineer  of  dredge,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Gordon,  William  S.,  master.  South  Bend,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  Oregon  City  in  |86,S.  His  first  steauiboating  was  on  the 
Ohio  i\w\  City  of  Salem,  afterward  going  fnmi  the  Willamette 
River  to  Shoalwater  Bay,  where  he  has  lieen  employed  on  the 
steamers  Faiorite.  South  /lend,  Tom  Morris  and  City  of 
^Istiiria.  He  has  also  run  as  master  of  the  steamers  /.a  Camai, 
.•Harm  and  Pisfiateh, 

Gdsse,  Josiah,  pilot,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  Imrn  in  Newfunnd- 
laiiil  in  1,865,  and  shipped  before  the  mast  when  a  bo^',  After 
sailing  iu  various  parts  of  the  world,  he  arrived  in  Victoria  in 
18S7,  and  was  first  employed  on  the  steamer  i'oiemite  as 
((uartermaster.  He  next  was  mate  on  the  .S'div/ii'/i.r  and  then 
took  the  steamers  ll'iiini/red  and  .Standard  up  the  .Skeena 
Kiver,  serving  as  master  of  the  latter  ves.sel  for  two  seasons 
and  afterwaril  holding  a  similar  position  uii  the  A'aiiibow.  In 
1891  he  coimneuced  running  as  pilot  on  the  Vancouver  route 
in  the  service  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Company. 

Goulter,  J.  R.,  secretary  of  the  Ilwaco  Railway  it  Naviga- 
tion Comiiatiy,  has  been  cotiii'^cted  with  the  marine  liusiness  as 
agent  ami  iu  other  capacities  on  shore  since  1875. 

Graham,  David,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Hali- 
fax, Nova  Scotia,  in  1856,  and  has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  since  l8S^v 

Graham,  James,  liardiner,  Or.,  master  and  engineer,  was 
born  ill  Brooklyn,  N.  V.,  in  i,S65.  He  began  steatiiboating  on 
the  I'mixpia  River  ou  the  virago  in  18S11,  and  was  afterward 
on  the  Juno  as  engineer  and  master. 

Gralund,  John,  steward,  San  I'rancisco,  Cal.,  has  served  on 
the  bark  7"c;«^/(r>-,  schooner  /'<j//<"i' /'(i/X'C  and  tug  Taeoina. 

Grauilt,  Ca]it.  M.  A.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1855.  lie 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1875  and  began  sailing  in  the 
lumber  traile  on  the  schooners  t'«;«/»<'(»-,  '/wilight  »m\  IV.  /.. 
Heebe.  His  first  command  was  the  steamer  Orion,  where  he 
remained  for  two  years,  then  going  to  the  /da  A/eA'ay  for  nine 
years.  He  had  conimand  of  the  steamer  //uml'oldt  for  a  few 
months,  and  while  so  engaged  was  so  severely  injured  by  a  big 
sea  gtiing  over  the  vessel  that  it  necessitated  the  aiiiputation  of 
his  leg.     On  recovering  he  joined  the  schooner  ( heidental. 

Granger.  Daviil,  engineer,  Duwamish,  Wash.,  was  first 
assistant  on  the  steamer  City  of  Seattle  with  Robert  Turner 
and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  A'u.salie. 

Grant,  Capt.  William  P.,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  was  born 
in  Nova  Scotia  in  1853,  began  steamboating  on  the  Praser 
Kiver  in  |S8?,  and  has  recently  been  engaged  as  pilot  on  the 
steamer  Transfer. 

Gra-inan,  John  K.,  bar  pilot,  Astoria,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  jRss  and  began  steamboating  on  the  Columbia 
Kiver  on  the  Hide  West  in  1S73.  He  afterward  ran  for  several 
years  on  Columbia  River  bar  tugs  and  iu  189(1  was  appointiil  to 
his  present  position  of  bar  pilot. 

Gray,  John  Sherman,  Gardiner,  Or.,  is  interested  in  the 
schooners  .Sadie,  /.onise  and  /.iiey.  He  is  a  great  grandson  of 
Capt.  John  tiray,  who  was  a  brother  of  Capt.  Roliert  Gray,  the 
discoverer  of  the  Columbia  Kiver. 

Gray,  John  II.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Ontario  in  1855.  His  marine  service  began  on  the  lakes  ami 
rivers  of  the  Kastern  coast.  In  1883  he  came  to  the  Pacific 
Coast  and  joined  the  Western  .Slope,  owned  by  William  Moore. 
Mr.  Gray  has  since  been  engaged  on  a  number  of  well  known 
British  steamers  and  recently  has  been  employed  as  chief  engi- 
neer of  the  tug  /■Irtii'e. 

Gray,  Capt.  Robert,  Nanaimo,  B.  C,  was  born  in  1S33. 
He  began  sailing  out  of  ICnglish  ports  to  Calcutta  and  while  in 
that  trade  rose  to  the  position  of  master.  He  came  to  San 
Francisco  in  1S62  and  from  there  to  Nanaimo  a  few  years  later, 
running  a  small  schooner  in  the  coal  trade  and  'fterward 
selling  her  and  working  iu  the  mines  at  Nanaimo  as  engineer. 
After  remaining  there  eight  years  he  removed  to  a  farm  on 
Gabriola  Island,  leaving  there  in  1875  to  take  charge  of  the 
Government  liglilhouse,  where  he  has  since  remained. 

Green,  Com.  C.  V...  master  of  Bowers  Dredge  No.  4,  Port- 
laud,  Or.,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  iS6,v  His  marine  work  has 
been  confined  to  dredges  and  Government  work. 

Green,  John,  engineer,  was  born  in  England  in  182,8.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1850  and  commenced  running  on 
the  steamer  Xorlh  .Imeriea.  lie  was  afterward  on  the  Cortez, 
rntiniiig  to  Panama,  for  two  years,  and  was  for  eighteen  years 


I 


470 


Lewii  4  Drydon'i  Marina  Hi$tory  of  the  Pacifk  Northwett 


Id  the  eniplny  o(  Ilcti  Itnllailay,  ruiinitiK  iii>rtli  iiumt  of  tlie  time 
at  Mroiid  HuUlmit.     lie  in  at  prcwiit  uii  the  Kteaiiisliip  )'iii/HiMii. 

('•reeii,  C'a|it.  Tlien.,  Seattle,  WhuIi.,  whh  iHirii  in  Cniiaila 
in  1H49  anil  linn  lieen  in  the  nmriiie  liuaineta  fur  twrnt>  -three 
yean,  miMtly  on  the  Atlantic  Coaat.  Ilia  Oral  wurk  on  the 
Sound  wan  uii  the  AAMo  in  1SH7. 

Ureenleaf,  Ciipt.  I{.  N.,  mate  nnil  pilot,  wnii  liorn  in  Maine 
ill  1H69.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coaat  in  1HH4,  aervinK  aa 
acconil  male  on  the  (hiiiililla  until  iihe  waa  cnat  away,  lie  waa 
mate  on  the  ateainer  Whililaw  anil  alao  on  the  U'lllamfllt-.  ami 
then  came  to  Victoria  in  the  employ  of  the  San  I'rancisco 
IlriiiKe  Company  to  linilil  the  I'oint  \'.\\\»  liriilxe.  CiiptHin 
tireenleaf  hiia  mnce  reaiileil  at  that  i>lacc,  where  he  haa  con- 
ilucled  a  ahippin^  oll'ice  and  alao  had  char^i'  or  a  navi){ntion 
Hchool. 

(ireenlt-ar,  Capt.  Siliia  N,,  waa  Imrn  in  Maine  in  |H,)7.  He 
firat  came  tu  the  Pacific  Cimat  in  iNisS  and  aailed  for  a  year  u» 
mate  on  the  hri);  IK  /'.  A'l'x'.  In  iMii  he  wiia  inaater  of  the 
liark  Ork,  two  yeara  later  holding  a  aimilar  |H>aitiiin  on  the 
hark  Geornf  H'lishinglon.  He  alao  comnianiU'd  the  ahip  Hilois 
and  in  1H67  hriMi>;ht  the  ahip  Samnsr/  from  Pliilaitelphia  tii  San 
Franciarn,  a  year  later  lirin)^inK  out  the  ahip  I'MW/o,  willi 
which  he  aailed  forei){n  aKain.  From  iN7.t  to  iSHi  he  waa 
aailiuK  the  ahip  Uimm  in  the  cotton  trade,  leaviiiK  her  for  the 
ship  Fannie  Tuiki-r,  which  he  aailed  until  iSNi^.  Captain 
Greenleaf  then  sold  out  am  retired  Troni  the  aea  and  i»  at 
present  livinK  in  Seattle,  Waah. 

('•reenshielila,  John  M.,  enKinecr.  Victoria,  It.  C  ,  waa  horn 
in  Scotland  in  1H61  and  coninienced  hia  niiirine  career  in  the 
Northwest  on  the  tu({  I'ilol  in  1HH8.  He  waa  afterward  on  the 
Klla  While,  Ciilih  and  a  nnmher  of  other  ateainera,  iiuil  has 
recently  l>een  eu){aKed  as  chief  euKineer  on  the  /i>ii//. 

Gregory,  OeortjeW.,  engineer,  Hoiiuiam,  Wash  ,  waa  horn 
in  Missouri  in  i,S6M  and  liegan  in  the  murine  service  on  (iray'a 
Harhor  in  iC>S9. 

Oriifin,  Walter  h.,  mute,  Otympia.  Wash. 

Oriiruhs,  J.,  master  of  the  ship  h'iveisdale,  waa  horn  in 
Wales  in  iSsi  and  haa  heen  sailing  to  Pacific  Coast  porta  since 
■  H85. 

Oriffilhii.  Capt.  Thomas  II.,  was  horn  in  Wales  in  18^}.  .At 
the  age  of  thirteen  he  began  .sailing  on  a  fruiter  in  the  Medi- 
terranean. He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  i|uarterniaster  on 
the  steamship  Unde  Sam  in  1K53,  leaving  her  nnd  making  u 
trip  to  Shoalwater  Hay  on  the  schooner  Empire.  He  continued 
sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  as  mute  until  18611,  when  he  was 
f{iven  command  of  the  schooner  Coquelle.  He  sailed  as  master 
in  the  Ilodega  and  Mendocino  lumber  trade  until  1881,  when 
he  coninienced  running  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  nnd  with  the 
exception  of  occasional  trips  to  Puget  Sound  has  been  in  the 
Island  trade  since  that  time. 

Grimsley,  J.  H.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Jacksonville,  III.,  in 
1839.  He  began  his  marine  career  on  the  steamer  Union  in 
1864,  running  on  the  Willamette  River,  and  for  twenty-four 
years  served  011  difTerent  steamers  on  the  upper  and  lower 
Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers.  He  is  at  present  engineer  on 
the  steamer  Aberdeen,  running  between  Seattle  and  Ulympia. 

Gritman,  W.  I,.,  purser,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1866.  lie 
coninienced  steamlioating  on  Puget  Sound  in  1886  and  bus  since 
lieen  engaged  on  nearly  all  the  leading  steamers  on  the  .Sound. 

Groat,  Capt.  John,  Kinpire  City,  Or.,  wiua  born  in  .Scotluiid 
in  i860.  He  came  to  this  country  when  a  boy  and  has  been  in 
the  employ  of  the  (iovcrnment  since  iHSi,  most  of  the  time  on 
dredges  and  in  connection  with  lighthouse  work.  He  is  at 
present  connected  with  the  steamer  (ieneral  IVri/ihl. 

Grubbs,  C.  W.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Grumlund,  Claus,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1S54.  On  coining 
to  the  I'nited  States  he  sailed  out  of  New  York  ports  until  1882, 
when  he  came  to  Portland  and  commenced  work  on  the  steamer 
Joseph  Kellogg.  He  was  afterward  engaged  on  the  A.  A. 
McCully,  Telephone  and  Allona  as  fireman,  and  for  the  past 
two  years  has  been  second  assistant  engineer  on  the  steamers 
Elwood  and  /Dallas  City. 

Gudmanaen,  A.  B.,  master  of  schooner  Roy  Sommers,  San 
Francisco. 

Gunderson,  C.  G.,  steward,  began  running  out  of  San  Fran- 
cisco on  the  Aja.r  in  1873,  and,  with  the  exception  of  a  trip  to 
liiverpool,  England,  on  the  AteXear,  has  been  on  coasting 
vessels  and  river  si  'aniers  since  that  time.  He  retired  from  the 
water  about  1890  and  is  now  living  af  Port  Townsend,  Wash. 

Guns,  Thomas  S  ,  mate,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Guptil,  v.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  purser  of  steamer  Rosalie. 

Guptil,  Fred  L,,  engineer,  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1867 
and  commenced  steambnating  on  Puget  Sound  on  the  North 
Pacific  in  1886. 

Gustafson,  Capt.  E.,  Shelton,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Sweden 

;  Sound  since  1SS3, 


in  1854  and  has  been  steamboating  on  Puget  i- 
beginning  that  year  on  the  Rip  I  an  Winkle. 


Haaven,  Iver,  engineer,  Astoria,  dr. 

Hackett,  Harry  A.,  engineer,  Albina,  Waah,  has  served  on 
the  ateamera  .llhina.  I'eto,  cyclone,  Paisv  Anilrus,  llallie 
llelle  and  .SViir*  .Sheet  h'eriy. 

Hackett,  M.  A  ,  maaler  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Iladtiick,  Samuel,  male,  Portland,  Or. 

Iludlung,  Williain,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Hague,  Charles  J.,  en)fineer,  Vancouver,  Wash.,  haa  licen 
engaged  in  tlie  marine  buaiiiean  for  about  fifteen  yeara,  moat  of 
wliicii  were  ajieut  on  the  ateamera  of  the  Vancouver  Tranapor 
tation  Company.  For  the  |iusl  five  yeara  he  has  lieen  clliel 
engineer  of  the  Portland  &  Vancouver  Railroad  F'erry. 

Hale,  W.  .S.,  engineer,  .Seattle,  Waah.,  haa  been  steamlioal 
ing  nil  Puget  Suunil  for  eleven  years,  ciiinniencing  on  the 
steamer  Aailie  in  1884.  In  1885  he  waa  on  the  steamers  Hi:. 
I'elilo  nnd  .W/Z/c,  and  has  since  been  engaged  on  the  Willie, 
Rip  l',in  Winkle,  /iiiniHii  and  A'ii//'r' on  the  Sound,  and  on  the 
/.one  Fisherman  uiid  .liaskan  in  Alnaka  waters.  He  has 
recently  been  connected  with  the  Rainiei  on  the  Hood's  Canal 
route. 

Hull,  A.  I..,  first  officer  of  steamship  City  of  I'uehla,  was 
lioni  ill  Maine  in  1868.  Ilia  first  work  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was 
on  the  ./«<(>«  in  iS,S8. 

Hall,  A.  W.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Massa- 
chusetts in  i8.<;6.  He  has  been  sailing  out  of  Pacific  Coast  porta 
since  1876,  most  of  the  time  in  the  lumber  trade,  and  has  run 
for  a  long  time  011  the  ship  Hlory  0/ the  Seas. 

Hull,  Capt.  J.  T.,  was  born  in  Polk  County,  Or  ,  in  18.^9. 
He  coninienced  steumbouling  on  Coos  Hay  in  1884  and  was 
engaged  on  the  I'oos,  .^fyrlle,  .Satellite,  Restless,  Mountaineer, 
i'arro  and  others.  In  July,  1894,  he  was  appointed  deputy 
collector  at  Kinpire  City  ami  retired  from  the  water. 

H:<ll,  Capt.  Otto  v.,  Ilwaco,  Wash.,  was  muster  of  the 
stcainer  ^'olga  and  built  and  ran  the  ateauier  Hattie  for  a  short 
time. 

Hall,  Richard,  Victoria,  B.  C,  retired  purser,  was  born  in 
San  Francisco  in  1852.  He  waa  purser  on  tlie  steamer  OVr/fUi/>' 
on  the  .Stickeen  River  for  two  years  and  held  a  similar  position 
on  the  steamer  Crappler.  Mi.'llnll  has  recently  been  interested 
in  the  sealing  schooners  (ienei'a,  Ocean  llelle  and  Ainoko. 

Hall,  Capt.  Rolierl,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  has  been 
engaged  in  the  marine  business  for  fourteen  years.  He  w<is 
inasler  of  the  tugs /.'/vdiirM' and  A*!!//!' in  1891  and  1892,  and 
has  recently  been  employed  as  mate  on  the  lug  Tyee. 

Hull,  W.  A.,  engineer,  Aslorin,  tlr. 

Hulligun,  M,  C,  steward,  Olympia,  Wash. 

Ilaner,  William,  steward,  Portland,  Or. 

llanke,  Christ,  engineer,  .\storia.  Or, 

Hunley,  John,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1834. 
He  first  worked  on  the  old  steamship  ru/nwA/a  with  Captain 
Dall,  nud  afterward  was  on  the  Imlepeiidence  on  the  Willamette 
River  in  1858.  He  is  at  present  engineer  at  St.  Vincent's 
Hospital  in  Portland,  Or. 

Hannah,  John,  steward,  New  Weslniinster,  B.  C. 

Hunnegan,  William  J  ,  purser,  Wlialconi,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  Chicago  in  1862.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the  steamers 
Josephine,  Wasco  and  Idaho,  and  also  as  agent  for  the  Pacific 
Navigation  Company. 

Hansen,  Capt.  Bernard,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S53  and 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  an  ICnglisli  ship  in  1871,  Joining 
the  Hawaiian  bark  Queen  Emma  ut  San  Francisco.  In  1876  he 
was  mate  of  the  schooner  d'olden  Gate,  and  after  running  in 
that  capacity  for  ten  years  was  given  command  of  the  schooner 
W.  S.  /helps.  In  1S89  he  took  the  schooner  J.  /ippinger, 
going  from  her  to  the  schooner  Addie,  where  he  has  been 
engaged  for  the  past  four  years. 

Ilansen,  Edward,  engineer.  Empire  City,  Or. 

Hansen,  F.,  mate  of  steamer  /'roleclion. 

HuiKsen,  II.  J.,  mate  und  master  of  sailing  vessels,  wus  born 
in  Norway  ill  1862.  He  has  served  as  master  of  the  schooners 
Jennie  Thelin  and  Reliance,  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on 
the  schooner  Eclipse. 

Hansen,  Harry,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Hansen,  Capt.  I..,  Sun  Francisco. 

Hansen,  Capt.  Lars,  muster  of  sailing  \e8sels,  wa&  bjni  in 
Norway  in  1.S54.  He  has  been  cn^jaged  in  the  marine  business 
for  twenty-five  years,  has  been  sailing  coastwise  out  of  San 
Francisco  since  18.S4,  and  is  at  present  master  of  the  schooner 
Jennie  Thelin. 

Hansen.  Capt.  Lewis,  was  born  in  nenniurk  in  1866,  com- 
menced his  murine  service  on  the  North  Sea,  and  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  18S7,  joining  the  schooner  /larbara  Roscou'itz. 
In  1888  he  wius  second  mate  of  the  schooner  Tillamook, 
remaining  there  as  mate  and  second  mate  four  years.  He  then 
took  cominand  of  the  steamer  Laguna  for  a  year,  when  he 
returned  to  the  Tillamook  as  muster. 


. — --_fmi.„ 


Tl 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


471 


lluniicii,  Ciipl.  N..  wan  Imrn  in  DeniiiHrk  iinil  hua  Iweii 
•■IliliK  oil  tjie  I'ncilic  CoMi.t  niiii-c  INH.S,  IwKiniiiiiK  ini  (he  Imrk 
Sliitley.  lie  liaa  Hrrviil  (in  tin-  StmiluH,  MilnHiihoH  »i\i\  Jiimes 
I'hffloH,  mill  (iiicc  1HS7  liR«  liHil  (■iiiiiiiiiiiiil  of  the  Imrkeiitiiie 
(Juiik\lf/>. 

IIiiiiMii,  (lliir,  iiialf,  lltHiiilaiii,  \V'h»Ii  ,  lieKiui  •teniiilHmtitix 
(III  the  Ciiliiiiiliiii  River  on  llie  H'illamfllf  Chifl  in  1S77.  He 
wan  ciiKaKeil  (in  nearly  all  the  Cdliunliia  Klver  uteainera  until 
iHHA,  wfieii  he  went  to  ('>ray'»  llarlMir.  lie  liaa  aincc  lii-en 
rniployeil  mi  Hleamera  in  that  vic-inity,  anil  ha»  rectntly  lieeii 
eiiKUK^*'  ""  niatf  mi  the  tiiK  Tunvltr. 

Ilanami,  Allien,  niiiU-  on  aailinK  vi-aaela,  waa  liorn  in  Nor- 
way in  I'SfiV  Iff  liiiH  lieeii  coaHtiiix  imrtli  Iruiii  Sun  l''ranci»co 
xiiice  iHHi,  anil  han  recently  been  cngaKed  on  the  hark 
( '.  //.  Kentiey. 

Hiiimon,  Capt.  (i.  I'.,  wiia  liorn  in  Denmark  In  1861  and  hat 
lieeii  roaHtiiiK  out  of  San  I'rHneiHro  ainre  1SS5,  He  hat  lieeii 
niHster  of  the  Hchooiier!!  Chailes  <!,  Ili/san,  I.elilia,  Norma, 
harks  f '.  /'.  Kihhiv  anil  I'russiii, 

Hnniioii,  I.  J.,  niHHter  anil  pilot,  Seattle,  VVaah  ,  ia  owner  of 
the  ateatiier  Ifullif  llaiiwtt. 

Ilainilton,  Capt.  John,  waa  horn  In  Kentucky  in  1H5S  anil 
came  to  I'UKet  Sound  in  iHS<i  lie  was  lirHt  cnxaKed  on  the 
steamer  C/ii/iii/i<  anil  has  since  liceii  on  the  /(>(('/>/;;«r,  J'lutiln, 
James  Mi  S'aiight,  Gliilr  and  fniliana,  having  owned  and  coin- 
inanded  the  latter  steamer  for  the  past  three  years. 

Hamilton,  John  Kdward,  mate,  Vancouver,  II.  C. 

Hamlin,  \V.  I,.,  enKineer,  Wallnla,  Wash.,  lias  heen  ateani- 
boatiuK  ""  '''*!  upper  Columhin  since  1H79,  runninu  as  engineer 
on  the  //(•//(■,  /.i::ie  Linn,  Seaiiitf,  .-tlkali,  A'atlief  and  Cnr/if 
A'ii/ian/. 

Ilarde,  Capt.  H.,  was  liorn  ill  Germany  in  i>i^,]  and  com- 
meiiced  his  marine  service  at  the  aue  of  fourteen.  He  came  to 
the  I'acific  Coast  ill  1S70  and  has  liail  command  of  the  schooners 
/->.  C  //aiiins,  /da  h'lorencr  and  PaiiiilUss.  He  liaa  been 
connected  with  a  numlier  of  other  small  vessels,  hut  iit  present 
has  retired  from  the  water  and  is  living  in  San  Francisco. 

Harding,  Capt.  N.  S.,  was  liorn  in  Massachusetts  in  1H42. 
Hi-  ca.iiu  to  the  I'acific  Coast  on  the  ship  (,'iacf  PailhiK  nearly 
twenty  years  ago,  hut  returned  and  did  not  come  out  again 
until  a  few  years  ago.     He  is  at  present  on  the  ship  America. 

Hardwick,  Capt.  Udward  N.,  was  horn  in  San  I'rancisco  in 
186]  and  has  been  sailing  out  of  his  native  port  since  boyhood. 
He  was  with  the  brig  Ihacon  for  nearly  seven  years  in  various 
capacities,  and  in  18S7  was  given  command  of  the  schooner 
Harbara  /femsli'r,  which  he  ran  in  the  coasting  trade  four 
years,  leaving  her  for  a  position  as  first  officer  on  the  steamer 
Cleone,  He  was  next  on  the  steamer  Silver  Sfiring;,  first  as 
mate  and  then  as  master,  unfortnnately  losing  her  two  months 
after  taking  charge.  He  is  at  present  master  of  the  steamship 
A'avarro,  of  which  he  is  part  owner. 

Hare,  James  \\'.,  engineer,  A.storia,  Or. 

Harlow,  Capt.  I'.  C,  was  born  in  llangor,  Me.,  in  1847. 
His  first  lessons  in  steamhoating  were  received  on  the  Oregon 
Steam  Navigation  Company's  boats,  running  on  the  Columbia. 
Captain  Harlow  still  serves  on  the  river,  and  is  now  on  the 
Milwaukii   I'erry. 

Harlow,  1'.  C,  Jr.,  engineer,  Milwiiukic,  Or. 

Harman,  Thomas,  a  submarine  diver,  has  followed  his 
calling  since  1858.  Among  the  sunken  and  leaking  ve.ssels 
which  he  has  raised,  or  repaired  beneath  the  waves,  were  the 
steamers  (Wee,  sunk  at  I'ort  Rupert,  .11  hi  at  Bellchain  Reef, 
Hylton  Castle,  Sardaiiyx,  Walla  lyalla.  Umpire,  and  scores  of 
sailing  vessels.  The  most  historical  wreck  that  ever  engaged 
bis  services  was  the  old  Knglish  lineof-battle  ship  lloyne, 
burned  and  sunk  at  Spithead  in  1775.  Just  short  of  a  hundred 
years  afterward  the  Government  officials,  finding  her  hull  was 
an  obstruction,  sent  Mr.  Harman  and  another  diver  to  blow  her 
up.  They  found  the  oak  frame  of  her  hull  black  as  jet  and  as 
hard  as  iron,  with  the  copper  bolts  as  sound  as  the  day  they 
were  made.  I'or  the  last  nuarter  of  a  century  Mr.  Harman  has 
made  his  home  at  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Harmon,  George,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or. 

Harney,  James  W.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Middletown, 
Conn.,  in  1849,  his  first  marine  work  being  on  the  steamer  Elm 
C'ilv  on  Long  Island  Sound.  He  afterward  ran  between  New- 
York  and  New  Orleans  and  about  1875  came  to  the  Pacific 
Coast.  He  has  been  engaged  most  of  the  time  since  on  river 
steamers,  but  has  made  several  trips  between  the  Columbia  and 
Puget  Sound  on  river  steamers,  his  last  work  of  this  kind 
being  on  the  l/assalo. 

Harper,  Capt.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1833  and 
served  his  time  in  the  north  of  England,  afterward  sailing  out 
of  Liverpool.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1858,  sailed  for 
a  time  in  the  Sandwich  Islands  trade,  and  then  built  the 
schooner  Ringleader  at  Nanaimo  for  trading  purposes.  He 
ran  as  master  of  her  for  five  years  and  then  disposed  of  her  to 


Bradley  ol  San  (nan  Island.  He  then  went  to  Departure  Bay, 
where  he  has  lived  for  the  past  twenty-three  years,  durini| 
which  time  he  has  made  only  a  few  trips  to  sea.  He  looC 
command  of  the  achooiier  Hhuk  IhamoHd,  running  to  Sitka, 
for  the  Vancouver  Coal  Company.  On  hit  last  (rip  the  vessel 
waa  plundered  by  the  Indians  and  everything  movable  taken. 

Harriman,  Cyrus,  bar  pilot,  Aitiiria,  Or. 

Ilarriinan,  Capt.  J.  It.,  woi  burn  in  Stockton,  Me.,  and 
came  to  the  Columbia  River  in  |88(  on  a  sailing  vessel. 
He  left  her  at  Astoria  and  commenced  tuglioatiiig  on  the 
Columbia  bar,  where  he  remained  several  vears,  most  of  the 
time  an  one  of  the  .State  pilots,  When  the  pilot  schooner  ( '.  (I. 
H'AiYc  left  the  bar.  Captain  Ilarriinan  went  to  Puget  Sound, 
where  he  has  since  had  command  of  a  number  of  difTerent 
steamers. 

Harrington,  M.  If.,  San  Pranciaco,  master  of  schooner 
('»«»y(i,  has  lieeii  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coas(  since  187S. 

Harris,  Wllliaui  K.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Oregon  in  1M5J 
and  began  steamlKiatiiig  on  the  Henrietla  in  1N76.  He  ran 
us  chief  engineer  oil  several  river  steamers  until  a  few  years 
ago,  when  he  retired  from  the  water  and  has  since  followed 
the  profession  of  mechanical  engineering  in  Portland.  At  the 
present  time  lie  has  charge  of  the  engineering  department  of 
(he  I'lirdund  Ice  Company. 

Harrison,  James,  ,Sun  Francisco,   sleward  steamer  Cleone. 

Haskell,  George,  fireman,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Huslani,  Harry,  mate,  was  born  in  England  in  1864  and 
served  four  years  in  the  British  Navy  as  midshipman.  He 
came  to  the  Columbia  River  in  1.S82  and  commenced  steam- 
botttiiig  on  the  .Maiizaiiillo.  He  has  recently  served  on  a  num- 
ber of  small  .steamers  around  Astoria. 

Hastings,  Captain  Joseph  II,  was  horn  in  Ireland  in  1853 
and  spent  several  years  on  British  sailing  vessels,  lie  has 
been  engaged  in  the  deep-water  trade  most  of  his  life.  After 
leaving  the  whaleback  t.  II'.  Ilelmari',  which  he  brought  to 
the  Pacific  Coast,  he  purchased  the  steamer  /daho,  which  he 
ran  for  a  short  time.  He  afterward  joined  the  new  whaleback 
( ■;/)'  (!/'  liverell  as  second  officer. 

Hatch,  Capt.  A.  J.,  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1S41  and 
commenced  his  marine  service  between  New  York  and  Boston 
in  185S.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1863  as  mate  on  the 
ship  Favorile.  He  sailed  foreign  from  San  I'rancisco  until  1885, 
when  he  came  out  us  chief  officer  on  the  Cily  of  Tof>eka,  leaving 
her  to  take  command  of  the  ship  .Seminole,  which  he  sailed  for 
two  and  a  half  years.  He  then  took  charge  of  the  five-masted 
schooner  Louis,  where  he  has  remained  for  the  past  seven 
years. 

Hatherly,  Thomas  W.,  Salmon  Arm,  B.  C,  engineer, 
Columbia  &  Kootenai  Steam  Navigation  Company. 

Ilawes,  R.  C,  seventh  assistant  engineer  of  steamship 
Empress  (if  China,  was  bom  in  Liverpool  in  iShj.  He  served 
an  apprenticeship  at  the  Foxhall  Foundry  of  that  city  and  then 
joined  the  tramp  steamer  Cily  0/  Maneliesler  as  second  assis- 
tant. He  sailed  on  different  steamships  until  18SS,  when  he 
came  to  Vancouver  and  joined  the  steamer  Mamie  as  chief 
engineer,  afterward  serving  on  the  Mermaid,  Ella  ll'hile, 
.Iclive,  and  a  number  of  others.  For  the  past  few  years  he 
has  been  coniiecled  with  the  Royal  Mail  steamships  Empress 
of  China  and  Empress  of  India.  Mr.  Hawes  was  one  of  the 
organizers  and  was  president  of  the  Vancouver  Marine  Engi- 
neers' Association. 

Ilayden,  Capt.  Eugene,  Portland,  Or. 

Hayden,  II.  II.,  shipbuilder,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Hayes,  Capt.  James  M.,  was  born  in  New  York  City  in 
1857.  lie  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  American  ship 
Samuel  Walls  in  1876  and  on  arrival  entered  the  coasting 
trade.  For  the  past  fifteen  years  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of 
the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  as  master  of  the  schooners 
Pearl,  Maltheiv  Turner,  Pora  and  Beriha,  and  is  still  in 
couiniand  of  the  laiter. 

Hayter,  William  J.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  began  steam- 
boating  on  Puget  Sound  in  1870  and  followed  the  business  there 
for  several  years,  running  on  many  of  the  pioneer  steamers. 
He  retired  from  the  water  many  years  ago  and  for  some  time 
has  been  employed  in  the  Seattle  Fire  Department. 

Headley,  William  E.,  San  Francisco,  steward  of  steamer 
Rival. 

Heard,  T.  M.,  engineer.  New  Westmiuster,  B.  C. 

Heath,  James,  fifth  assistant  engineer  of  steamship 
Empress  of  China. 

liecknian,  E.  .\.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  began  on  the 
ll'eslern  ^Ao/t' in  1878.  He  has  since  been  employed  on  the 
leading  sailing  vessels  in  the  coasting  trade,  and  has  recently 
been  connected  with  the  bark  Ale.x-ander  McNeill. 

Hedges,  W.  V.,  Kulama,  Wash.,  pilot  of  steamer  Tacoma. 


ill 


•:i\ 


472 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


I 


Heiiistreel,  C.  H.,  eiiKineer,  Tillamook,  Or.,  has  been  eii- 
ga);ed  on  the  steamer  (7aifield  for  several  years. 

Heiidee,  S.  B ,  purser,  was  for  many  years  in  tlie  employ 
of  tlie  Oregon  Railway  &  NaviKation  Company  and  was  chief 
clerk  in  the  superintendent's  office  during  the  I'egrani  rifiiiie. 
He  has  recently  Iwen  running  on  the  Heorge  II'.  Elder. 

Henderson,  Capt.  H.,  was  born  in  the  Shetland  Islands  in 
1849.  He  conimenceil  sailing  coastwise  out  of  San  Francisco 
in  187S  as  mate  on  the  .cliooner  .Montana,  holding  a  similar 
position  on  the  schooners  Alice  /luck,  Starlii^lil  and  k'odiak. 
His  first  command  was  the  schooner  Martha  Tii/I  in  i8.S,v 
He  then  took  charge  of  the  schooner  iV.  I..  Beche,  with  whicli 
he  made  the  trip  between  San  I'ranrisco  and  Humboldt  in 
twenty  hours  from  dock  to  dock,  the  fastest  ever  known. 
After  sailing  the  lleebe  for  over  two  years  he  took  coniman<l  of 
the  schooner  William  Rcnton,  leaving  her  five  years  ago  to 
take  his  present  vessel,  the  four-masted  schooner  (lolclen 
Shore. 

Henderson,  Capt.  h.  !•".  II..  was  born  in  Norway  in  1H5S 
and  began  sailing  out  of  the  ports  of  that  couiniy  when  a  boy. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1875  on  the  ship  Emily  Far- 
ttum,  leaving  her  for  the  bark  Arkwright.  He  was  with  the 
ship  Ale.rander  (Hhson  for  five  years,  rising  to  the  position  of 
master  on  the  death  of  Captain  Stevens.  He  was  afterward 
second  mate  on  a  number  of  small  coasting  schooners,  and  in 
1891  was  mate  on  the  Columbia  River  lightship,  remaining 
there  for  two  years.  Captain  Henderson  then  went  to  San 
Francisco,  where  he  was  engaged  for  a  while  as  mate  on  White- 
law's  wrecker,  and  after  her  destruction  by  fire  took  com- 
mand of  the  tug  h'ale  O'.Veil. 

Hendricks,  R.  A.,  engineer.  South  Bend,  Wash. 
Hennessey,  Capt.  A.  1'.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Boston 
in  i,S64  and  commenced  >teamboating  on  the  Sound  in  1886. 
He  has  been  engaged  on  ilie  .steamers  North  Pacific,  Goliah, 
Olympian,  Flyer,  and  nearly  all  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navi- 
gation Company's  fleet. 

Henspeter,  Capt.  Henry,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1831. 
He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1871  and  ran  a  trading  sloop  for 
several  years.  At  present  he  is  living  at  Semiahnioo,  Wash., 
where  liis  son,  Capt.  C.  H.  Henspeter,  has  also  been  engaged 
in  local  marine  ventures. 

Herald,  J.  H.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 
Heritage,  John  \..  Vancouver.  II.  C,  eighth  assistant  engi- 
neer of  steamship  Empress  0/  hutia. 

Hermida,  .\ugustin  I,,  steward,  has  been  on  mosL  of  the 
old-time  steamships  running  on  the  coast  since  185;,  when  he 
arrived  in  San  Francisco  and  joined  the  Sierra  Nevada,  He 
is  at  present  chief  steward  on  the  .Irago,  running  between 
Coos  Bay  and  San  Francisco. 

Herringlon,  F.  S.,  master  and  pilot,  Ballard,  Wash. 
Hewitt,  .Mfred  A.,  engineer,  Victoria.  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1.S60  and  has  followed  the  water  since  1880.  He 
cotnnienced  his  service  in  the  Northwest  on  the  Princess 
Louise  in  18S9  and  has  recently  been  engageil  on  the  tug 
/.orne. 

Ilihbert,  John,  boiler-maker  and  engineer  on  steamship 
Empress  !>/' China,  vias  born  in  Ivngland  in  1857.  .Xfter  serv- 
ing an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  he  sailed  in  various  jiarts 
of  the  world  on  steaniships,  finally  coming  to  \'aiicouver  with 
the  Empress  of  China,  witli  which  he  has  since  remained. 
Hicks,  Charles,  retired  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Higgins,  James  1".,  who  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  /.  A'. 
tl'hitini^,  is  still  in  active  service  on  the  coast,  being  at  present 
master  of  the  schooner  E.rcelsior.  He  was  born  in  Massachu- 
setts in  1837,  and  when  not  at  sea  makes  his  home  at  West 
Berkeley,  Cal. 

Hill.  P.  O.,  Taconia,  Wash.,  chief  engineer  of  steamship 
Taeoma.  has  been  connected  with  the  marine  business  for 
thirteen  years,  and  has  twen  running  in  the  Northwest  since 
1.S92. 

lliller.  Sanuiel.  engineer,  Allyn,  Wash. 
Hitchcock,  I'rancis,   mate. 

Hoar,  K.  H.,  mate,  was  born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1861. 
He  came  to  tlie  P.'u'itic  Coast  in  1889  and  has  since  served  on 
the  steamers  /hiawiie.  A',  /hmsmuir,  Cutch,  Capilano,  Tepic 
and  others. 

Hoch,  n  isil,  purser  of  steamship  Empress  of  India. 
Hogan,  P.  v.,  steamship  male,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in 
1869  and  began  sailing  out  of  Hnltimore,  Md.  when  a  boy. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  i.S,S4,  sailed  for  a  short  lime  on 
the  barkentines  'lam  O' Shanter  and  Poitland  in  the  coasting 
trade,  and  then  joined  the  steamship  .  Ilexander  Duncan  as 
second  officer.  sut)se(iuently  holding  a  similar  position  on  the 
steamers  f.aguna,  Haylian  Republic  and  Honila.  He  has  also 
served  as  third  officer  oti  the  steamships  City  of  'fiipeka  and 
Corona,  and  for  the  past  eighteen  mouths  has  been  engaged 
on  the  steamship  .Irago, 


Hogan,  W.  F.,  engineer,  was  born  in  California  in  1862. 
He  began  his  marine  career  on  the  Panama  route,  running  four 
years  on  the  steamship  Colima  as  wnter-teniler  and  oiler,  then 
going  to  the  Queen  of  the  Pacific  as  third  assistant  engineer 
and  afterward  running  as  second  assistant  for  two  years.  He 
then  went  as  second  assistant  on  the  steamship  .S'l;//  Pedro  for  a 
year  and  as  first  assistant  for  three  year.s.  He  was  next  chid 
of  the  steamer  Emily  four  yt-  ts,  leaving  her  for  the  steamer 
Homer,  on  which  be  ran  for  si\  months.  Soon  after  the  whale- 
hack  C,  11 '.  Il'etmore  was  placeil  in  the  coasting  trade,  he 
joined  her  as  engineer,  but  on  his  first  trip  the  vessel  was 
wrecked  near  Coos  Bay.  Since  then  he  has  remained  on  .shore 
and  for  the  past  two  years  has  beert  engineer  at  the  Oh  nipic 
Club. 

Holbrook,  Horace,  engineer,  Coupeville,  Wash.,  was  born 
on  Wliidby  Island  in  1863.  He  has  served  on  the  steamers 
.Seattle,  Edna  and  Edison. 

Holden,  R.,  purser,  was  born  in  San  Francisco  in  1869. 
He  commenced  his  marine  service  in  1S83  as  a  seaman  on  the 
bark  l.indores  Abbey,  and  was  afterwanl  storekeeper  on  the 
steamship  China  and  freight  clerk  on  the  .Ilexander  Duncan. 
For  the  past  two  years  he  has  been  engaged  as  purser  on  the 
steame  -s  Areata  ami  Arago. 

Holland,  William,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  City 
in  1853.  He  began  running  on  steaniships  out  of  San  I'ran- 
cisco  in  1S7S,  and  since  then  has  worked  on  the  .Incon, 
Grenada,  C  'ity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Columbia,  Afcxico,  .Slate  of 
California,  /.ealandia,  llaytian  Republic,  Colima  and  I'luckcc, 
and  also  oil  the  steamer  schooners  Signal  and  .lleatra:.  He 
served  for  a  few  moiitlis  on  Puget  Sound  with  Captain  Beeclier 
on  the  steamer  /.  li.  I.ibby  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on 
the  steamer  Homer. 

Hollander,  Samuel,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born 
in  Sweden  in  1S62.  His  first  work  was  on  the  Baltic  Sea, 
where  he  engage<l  in  the  coasting  biis:'.iiess  as  fireman  ami 
engineer  for  nearly  three  years.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
as  third  assistant  engineer  on  the  tramp  steamer  Charleston, 
afterwanl  spending  several  months  with  the  Cuiiard  and  I.aiii- 
liert  &  Holt?,  steamship  lines.  He  arrived  in  British  Columbia 
in  1882  on  the  bark  Stormy  Petrel  and  soon  engaged  in  the 
machine  shop  and  repairing  business,  jilacing  the  machinery 
in  the  steamers  Dreadnaugiit,  /ilisa  kduards,  Afermaid  ami 
others.  He  also  ran  for  a  short  lime  as  engineer  on  the 
steamer  Skidegate. 

Holnian,  ,\.  G.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  I'raiicisco. 
Holmau,  B.  F.,  Portland,  Or.,  steamboat  agent. 
Holnian,  Herbert,  Portland,  Or.,  agent  of  the  Joseph  Kel- 
logg Steamboat  Company,  was  born  in  Cowlitz  County,  Wash  . 
in   1859  and  has  been  connected  with  Kellogg's  steamers  for 
the  past  fifleen  years. 

Holmes,  Capt.  William  K.,  was  born  in  London  in  i8,s7. 
He  reached  Vicloriji  in  1S75  on  a  sailing  vessel,  and  on  his 
arrival  secured  employment  on  the  tug  .V.  /,.  Maslick,  siili- 
seiiueutly  serving  on  tile  steamers  North  Pai  ific.  Otter,  .-Innic 
.Staeart  and  Isabel.  In  1877  he  was  mate  of  llie  steamer  Idaho, 
and  then  returned  to  Victoria  and  was  employed  on  the  steamers 
titter,  /leaver,  Crappler,  Wilson  (,'.  Hunt  and  .  Ilevawilcr. 
Since  March,  1.S86,  he  has  run  on  the  steamer  /•/orcn.e,  used 
as  a  water  boat  at  I\s(|iiiiiialt. 

lloiieyniaii,  Charles,  marine  surveyor,  Nanaimo.  It.  C  . 
was  born  in  Scotland  in  1847  and  has  been  engaged  in  the 
marine  business  since  1860,  most  of  the  time  between  Liver- 
pool and  New  York.     He  cinie  to  the  Northwest  in  1H85. 

Hoover,  .Samuel,  ship  carpenter,  Fairhaven,  Wash.,  has 
served  on  the  schooner  A'.  /.  Morse  and  the  steamers  //  asco  and 
Dispatch. 

Horn.  Capt.  .\.  W.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S49  and  coni- 
nieiiced  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  in  18S.1.  F'or  the  past 
lew  years  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Hastings  Sleaiii- 
lioat  Company  as  master  of  the  II  illapa  and  (,'arland. 

Horner,  .-V.  I,..  Portland.  Or.,  manager  of  the  Bowers  Dreilge 
Company. 

llortoii,  Leander,  San  I''raiicisco,  engineer  of  sternwheeler 
Relief 

llorton,  Robert  J.,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  ill  I,(Midiiii  in 
1834  and  began  sailing  out  of  that  port  in  1851.  lie  followed 
his  calling  in  the  Black  ,Sea  during  the  Crimean  Wii  and  was 
in  the  merchant  marine  during  the  war  with  China.  He  came 
to  Victoria  in  the  sixties  and  entered  the  service  of  the  llnd- 
son's  Bay  Company  as  mate  on  the  (>tler,  oil  which  he  served 
from  1861  to  I8i66.  Mr.  llorton  has  remained  with  that  com 
pany  since,  serving  in  various  capacities. 

Iloskell,  Capt.  Mark,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1853  and  has 
been  sailing  coastwise  from  Pacific  Coast  points  since  I.'^74. 
He  has  recently  hail  command  of  the  bark  A'.  /*.  Cheney  in  the 
Nanaiino  coal  trade. 

Howard.  C.  G.,  steward,  .San  F'rancisco,  was  born  in  the 
West  Indies  in  iSju.     He   has   been  sailing  north   from   San 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


473 


m 


Hliforiiia  in  1S62. 
nite,  nuiniiiK  (our 
•r  ami  oiler,  tlii'ii 
issistatit  eiiKiiii-er 
r  two  years.  lie 
p  Sdii  Pfilm  for  a 
:le  was  next  cliief 
■r  lor  the  steamer 
111  afler  the  whale- 
oastiiiK  trade,  he 
ip  the  vessel  was 
eiiiaiiieil  oil  shore 
■er  at  the  Olynipii- 

Wash.,  was  horn 
I  on   the  steamers 

I'rancisco  in  1S69. 
a  seaman  on  the 
torekeejisr  on  the 
\lexaiidir  Diiman. 
I  as  purser  on  the 

in  New  York  City 
out  of  San  I'ran- 
il  on  the  .liiioii, 
,  nftviio.  Stall'  I'/ 
ylima  aiul  Tt uikt'c. 
anil  .l/ailiii:.  He 
ill  Captain  Ueecher 
,•  heen  eUKa^ed  on 

er,  B.  C,  was  born 
on  the  Baltic  Sea, 
!ss  as  flrenian  ami 
.0  the  United  States 
teanitT  Charlistoii. 
!  Cunard  and  I.ain- 
in  British  CoUinihia 
on  engaged  in  the 
•iiiK  the  machinery 
iI/</.<,  Meniiaiil  ami 
19  engineer  on   the 

,  San  I'ranciseo. 

It  agent. 

of  the  Joseph  Kel 
litz  County,  Wash  , 
logg's  steamers  for 


n  London  in  1857. 
essel.  and  on  his 
/,.  Miiiliik,  suli- 
«;>'(,  Ollei,  Aiiiii, 
the  steamer  /i/ii/io, 
111  on  the  steamers 
/   and    .Ih'Xiridi-i. 

liner  /•'loirii.c,  nseil 

Nanaimo.  11.  C  , 
■en  engaged  in  the 
n>e  heiween  Liver- 
Invest  in  1.SS5. 
rhaven.  Wash,,  has 
learners  //  \istV  and 

in    1S49  and  com- 
iSS.(.     I'or  the  past 
lie  Hastings  .Steain- 
d  (,'ai/tinit. 
f  the  Bowers  Dredge 

leer  of  sternwheeler 

horn  in  I,(mdoii  in 
rS.ii.  lie  followed 
I  Mil-all  Wii  and  was 
h  China,  lie  came 
service  of  the  llnd- 
011  which  he  served 
neil  with  that  com 

ill  185.5  and  lla^■ 
t  ))oiiila  since  |87J- 
/.'.  /'.  C/uniy  in  ihe 

was  horn  in  the 
ig   north    from    San 


I'ranc '-ro  since  iSSi  and  has  recently  heen  engaged  on  the 
steamer  /'lo/ir/ion. 

Howhind,  Capt.  James  !•;.,  master  of  the  ship  fnviiiiihle, 
has  heen  engaged  on  the  I'acilic  Coast  in  the  coasting  anil 
deep  water  tiiule  for  thirty  years. 

■  lowland,  John,  engineer,  San  I'ranciseo,  was  horn  in  New- 
York  in  1863  and  h.'is  heen  running  on  the  Tacific  Coast  for 
about  nine  years.  He  has  heen  employed  in  the  Northwest  on 
the  steamers  J,  11,  Lihhy  on  I'ngel  Sound  and  the  (ienrral 
Afili's  on  the  Colnnihia.  and  has  recently  heen  engaged  on  the 
steam  vi\\a\<:r  Jiiiniiillr. 

Iloyt,  Capt.  Henry  I,.,  who  was  interested  in  the  Mult- 
nomah, was  horn  in  Warren  County.  N.  Y.,  in  1823  and  came 
to  California  in  the  early  fifties.  His  first  marine  work  on  the 
coast  was  on  the  .steamer  Union,  running  heiween  San  I'raii- 
eisco  and  Sacramento.  After  serving  there  a  while  he  went  to 
the  San  Joa<|Uiii  River  and  then  to  Oregon.  He  remaiiieil  with 
the  Multnomah  for  several  years,  and  after  she  went  out  of 
existence  was  interested  in  various  other  steamboat  '.eiilures. 
l-'or  the  pa.it  few  years  he  has  heen  living  at  Oakhin.l,  Cal. 

Hubbard,  h.  II.,  Alameda,  Cal  .  master  of  harkentine  5.  A". 
Castli',  was  born  in  Maine  in  1.S38.  He  came  to  the  Pacific 
Coast  in  1862  and  was  for  a  long  time  in  I'lavel's  employ  as  bar 
pilot  on  the  Columbia  River.  I'or  the  last  sixteen  years  he  has 
been  sailing  between  San  I'ranciseo  ami  Hoiiolnlu,  having 
made  nearly  ninety  voyages  to  the  Islands. 

llufman,  h'rank  M.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
I'ilgiii,  III.,  in  1856,  and  followed  steainboating  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River  for  nearly  ten  years,  running  between  St.  l.onis  and 
St.  I'anl.  He  came  to  I'nget  Sound  in  1889,  and,  after  follow- 
ing the  water  a  short  lime,  was  appointed  engineer  of  the 
Union  lileclric  Light  &  Tower  Company. 

Hughes,  .-\.  I>.,  engineer,  Portlaiul,  Or. 

Hughes,  Capt.  C.  I!.,  IIoi|niani,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1859  and  came  to  the  Tacilic  Coast  in  1877.  He  was  for  a 
long  time  mate  on  the  bark  A'irol  and  .schooner  lamis  .1. 
(t'arfit'h/.  His  first  coinmand  was  the  schooner  A't'htria,  which 
he  sailed  for  three  years,  ami  then  went  to  tlie/r'-sw/V  \irkt'rson. 
When  the  I'ioniei  was  built  at  Cray's  Harbor,  Captain  Hughes 
secured  an  interest  in  the  vessel  ami  took  charge,  remaining 
with  her  until  she  was  lost  in  1894.  He  then  puicliased  an 
interest  in  the./.  M.  Wcatherwa.v,  which  he  is  still  sailing  in 
the  lumber  trade. 

Hughes,  Kdward  C,  .\sloria.  Or.,  ex-pur.ser  of  HoUaday's 
steamships. 

Hughes,  Capt.  H.  M.,  .Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  ill  Hiiglaud 
in  1846.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S71  and  began  run- 
ning on  the  steamship  (  onstantim-.  He  has  since  been  engaged 
on  a  number  of  small  steamers,  recently  having  coinmanil  of 
the  llfavi'i: 

Hunt,  Capt.  K.  U.,  Taconia,  Wash.,  is  a  native  of  Mich- 
igan. He  commenced  his  inariue  work  on  I'liget  Sound  in 
1883  with  the  ste;iiii  launch  liahy  Mint',  carrying  the  mail  to 
Artoiidale.  He  was  afterward  ciinnecteil  with  the  Snsir,  I'ictot 
and  other  small  steamers. 

Hunter,  Joseph,  mate,  was  liorn  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1851. 
He  has  been  eiigageil  in  the  '  .icific  C  lasl  Iraile  since  1877, 
serving  on  the  (ifmial  liulliy,  Ki:[<hati,  Mount  ll'ashint;lon, 
Clifhalis,  Pitroil  A\\y\  others. 

Hniitiugtc',1,  Thomas,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1851).  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  V'--o  and  began  rnniiing 
between  San  p'raiu  isco  and  Portland  on  the /iiAh  /.  Stt'/>.'iins, 
going  from  her  to  the  steamer  ('onsli/in'jon,  where  he  serveil 
for  two  years  on  the  Paiiivina  route.  He  was  also  on  the 
steamer  Montiina  on  the  same  route,  next  ran  to  Ilnmbolilt  on 
the  sleam.ship  /'■//Vii«,  and  then  nil  the  Mohongo,  ruiiiiing 
to  San  Diego.  I''roni  her  he  went  10  the  steainship  Coloiailo, 
runuing  to  China,  lor  a  few  inoiitlis,  and  then  joined  the  City 
0/  Syi/nt'y,  from  ,San  Francisco  to  .Viislralia.  Leaving  deep- 
water  vessels,  he  ran  for  a  few  months  on  .Sacrameiito  River 
steamers.  In  18.S3  he  joined  the  tug  /\i(hi>iil  J/ohoke  and 
worked  with  her  on  Piigel  Sound  for  six  uionths,  returning  to 
San  I'ranciseo  as  chief  of  the  tug  Mitlii'.  He  was  afterward  on 
the  tug  A'fliel',  steamer  Sonoma,  and  other  vessels,  for  several 
years.  Mr.  Iluutiiigton  left  the  water  a  fi'W  years  ago  to  take 
the  position  of  assistaut  engineer  at  the  I'liited  Stales  Mint  at 
Sail  I''raiicisco,  where  he  remained  for  a  year,  and  then  returned 
to  the  .steamer  Carolinr,  where  he  is  now  employed. 

Hnrd,  Capt.  .\.  I'.,  b'lorence.  Or.,  was  born  in  Maine  in 
l8.s6.  His  first  marine  experience  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was  as 
seaman  011  the  schooner  Smilav  in  1.883.  He  remained  on 
sailing  vessels  for  about  three  years  am'  was  then  interested  in 
the  .steamer  Afaiy  Hall.  At  present  he  is  handling  a  mail 
contract  with  the  steamers  ( '00s  and  Hfink. 

Husar,  Christian,  engineer,  was  born  in  Norway  in  lS,>i2. 
He  began  rnnning  out  of  Sun  Prancisco  in  1877  011  ihe  steam- 
ship ( '/7i'('/"M'r*'  Vo;  k,  leaving  her  three  years  later  to  join  the 
steamer  (r'oliah  as  first  assistant  engineer.     He  left  Mie  (ioliah 


in  a  short  time,  and  worked  for  nearly  four  years  in  the  iron 
works  at  Seattle  ami  Victoria,  remaining  ashore  until  1887, 
when  he  joined  the  steamship  U'iliningto.:.  Since  then  he  has 
been  oil  the  steamers  ( ily  of  (  hestfi.  Warrior,  San  I'edro, 
Cosmopolis,  Santa  Maria,  Silver  Spring,  National  City  and 
\orth  Fork,  runnini,  as  first  assistant  on  nearly  all  of  them  and 
at  present  holding  that  position  on  the  latter. 

Huston,  William,  engineer,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  born  in 
Scotland  in  1859.  He  has  been  steainboating  in  British 
Columbia  since  1887. 

Hutchinson,  John  Warner,  was  born  aboard  a  ship  in  the 
Indian  Ocean  in  1833.  In  1861  he  shipped  before  the  mast  on 
the  bark  Ann  Perry,  running  in  the  liiinber  trade  between  San 
Kraucisco  and  Piiget  Sound  ports.  He  eontiuiied  on  this  route 
for  a  number  of  years  on  dillerent  vessels,  among  them  being 
the  brig  'lanner,  barks  Live  Yankee  &\\A  Samuel  Merrill,  first 
as  second  mate  and  then  as  mate.  He  retired  from  the  water 
some  years  ago  and  is  now  living  at  Port  'rown.send.  Wash. 

Hutnian,  P.,  San  Kraucisco,  master  of  schooner  ( ':ar. 

Hyde,  Alexander,  engineer,  San  I'ranciseo,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  i860  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business 
since  1878.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1889  and  is  at 
present  second  assistant  on  the  steamship  H'etlington. 

ipsen,  Capt.  M.  A.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1855.  He  has 
heen  sailing  or.  the  Pacific  Coast  since  18.S3,  w'neii  he  began  on 
the  schooner  A'efiorter.  He  has  since  been  engaged  011  the 
brig  i'(i//«<;,  /.urtine,  I'onrtney  Ford,  hixrV  /iiliit  Ford,  harken- 
tine Ft/a,  schooner  /o/<«  (•'.  S'orth,  and  for  the  past  few  years 
has  had  command  of  the  four-masted  schooner  ('/(.'d. 

Ironmonger,  Arthur  Kdward,  steamship  purser,  was  born 
in  lingland  in  1878  and  came  to  the  Northwest  in  1887. 

Irving,  Robert,  was  born  in  Ontario  in  1,849.  lie  began 
steainboating  on  the  A'eiianee  ii.  1877,  remaining  with  her  and 
the  A'eyal  (  ily  as  (inrser  for  over  a  year,  then  going  to  the 
Hmlson's  Bay  Company's  steamers  Fnteifrrise  and  I'liueess 
Louise.  He  was  afterward  011  the  ll'estetn  Slope  for  a  short 
time  and  left  there  to  take  charge  of  the  Hudsiui's  Bay  Com- 
pany's dock,  where  he  was  engaged  for  three  years.  He  then 
began  running  on  the  I'nget  Sound  steamers  A'orth  /'aeijie, 
Geor);e  E.  Starr  and  Olympian,  remaiuing  with  the  Oregon 
Railway  X:  Navigation  Company  as  purser  for  two  and  a  half 
years  and  as  agent  at  Victoria  for  three  years,  leaving  them  to 
enter  the  employ  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Navigation  Companv. 

Ivaiiny,  James,  mate,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Iverson,  John,  male  on  sailing  vessels,  San  I'ranciseo. 

Jackling,  W.  B.,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Illinois  in  1.S85  He 
began  steainboating  011  Pnget  ,Soiiiid  in  1877  on  the  Celito. 
He  also  ran  on  the  IVilmini;ton  for  a  iininher  of  years  ami  0.1 
the  //iiytian  A'epuhlic  while  those  two  steamers  were  engagecl 
in  smnggling,  Jackling  unfortnnately  becoming  implicaled  in 
the  trouble,     lie  is  at  present  living  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

Jacknian,  Capt.  'riioinas.  Port  Town.seiul,  Wash.,  was  horn 
in  England  in  1,834.  He  came  to  this  country  when  a  boy  and  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1849.  His  first  marine  work  on  this  coast 
was  on  the  old  revenue  culler  /<//  />avi.f,  where  he  filled  the 
berth  of  master-at-arms  for  two  years,  while  she  was  slatioiieil 
at  Port  Towuseud.  He  was  afterward  transferred  to  the  revenue 
culler  /oe  Lane,  having  charge  of  her  during  1863.  Leaving 
the  revenue  service  he  carried  the  mail  between  Dungeness, 
Port  Towuseud  and  Port  Angeles  for  three  years.  He  was 
afterward  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  Port  Townsend  cnsloin- 
liouse. 

Jackson,  .Mbert.  engineer,  was  born  in  Oregon  Cilv,  Or., 
in  i.Ss.i,  ami  began  steamboating  on  the  upper  Colnmbia  in 
1869011  the  I'enino,  going  from  her  to  the  i'akima,  on  which 
he  was  running  when  she  sank,  Mr.  Jack.son  has  since  worked 
on  nearly  all  the  steamers  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company  and  their  successors,  and  at  present  is  engaged  on 
their  boats  out  of  Porllaml. 

Jackson,  Andrew,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  Wiis  horn  in 
I'inland  in  1S63,  He  cominenceil  coasting  north  from  San 
p'raneisco  in  1883  on  the  bark  Montana  and  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  schooner  /.aura  A/ay. 

Jackson,  C,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Norway 
in  1.S56.  He  has  been  .sailing  north  out  of  San  I'ranciseo  for 
fifteen  years,  and  has  been  engaged  at  dillerent  times  on  the 
/'(>«  Car/<>\,  //arvester,  A'ennehee,  lieneral  /■'airehi/d  and 
.llheit.     At  the  present  time  he  is  111  ister  of  the  latter  vessel. 

Jackson,  C.  W.,  uiaster  of  the  biirk  I'russia.  is  a  native  of 
Maine.  Afler  sailing  out  of  .-Mlanlic  port.s  fir  sci-eral  vears, 
he  came  to  San  p'rancisco  ami  began  in  the  coasting  trade  with 
the  bark  .Idelaiile  Cooper.  He  has  since  commanded  a  iiiiin- 
her  of  well  known  coa.iting  sailing  vessels. 

Jackson,  O.  A.,  engineer,  San  p'rancisco. 

Jackson  IV  Arthur,  San  I'ranciseo,  engineer  of  steamer 
South  Coast. 


n 


. 


474 


Lewis  <f  Dryden'8  Marine  Hii^tory  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Jackson,  George,  San  Francisco,  was  one  of  the  crew  of 
the  Pacific  when  she  was  brought  around  from  the  Kast.  He 
has  followed  the  sea  on  the  coast  since  that  time  and  is  at 
present  steward  on  the  bark  Os'gon. 

Jackson,  Capt.  Henry  F.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  agent  of  the 
Northwestern  Steamship  Compauy. 

Jackson,  John,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco, 

Jacobs,  Capt.  J.  D.,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1K46  and 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1859.  His  first  command  was  the 
schooner  Utitlaiinted.  He  was  afterward  in  charge  of  the 
schooner  Edith  for  fourteen  years,  and  has  since  commanded 
the  steamers  IVhilesboro,  Tillamook  and  Weslporl,  having  had 
charge  of  the  latter  for  seven  years. 

Jacobsen,  J.,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  has  been  in  the 
coasting  trade  north  of  San  Francisco  since  1880.  For  the  past 
three  years  he  has  twen  waster  of  the  Maggie  C.  A'liss,  engaged 
in  the  lumber  trade. 

Jacobsou,  Capt.  H.  R,,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1842.  He 
began  sailing  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  'laltic  Sea  when  abnut 
fourteen  years  old,  and  in  1868  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where 
he  was  first  connected  with  the  schooner  Queen  of  the  Hay, 
running  out  of  San  Francisco.  He  is  at  present  on  the 
schooner  H.  C.  Wright. 

J*ggy.  Capt.  John  J.,  Vancouver,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Boise 
City,  Idaho,  in  1864.  He  commenced  in  the  marine  service  on 
the  Government  steamer  Pisfialch  in  1882,  and  for  the  past  ten 
years  has  been  engaged  in  the  ferry  service  as  master  of  the 
l^ancoiivcr  and  other  steamers. 

James,  David,  master  mariner,  Wellington,  I).  C,  vt  born 
in  Wales  iu  1844  and  came  to  the  Northwest  in  1889.  He  has 
been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  for  thirty  years. 

Jamieson,  Magnus,  mate,  Sapperton,  B.  C. 

Jancke,  Frank,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Jansen,  C.  L.,  engineer,  was  born  iu  Denmark  in  1854.  He 
served  his  apprenticeship  at  Copenhagen,  came  to  New  Y«rk 
in  187s,  and  from  there  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  he  joined 
the  steamship  J>akota,  running  north  with  her  as  fireman  and 
oiler  for  two  years.  He  was  afterward  on  the  steamers  City  of 
Sydney  and  City  of  New  York,  leaving  there  and  working 
ashore  for  six  years.  He  then  entered  the  tugboat  service  as 
chief  of  the  Ranger  and  later  of  the  Mary  Ann  on  Humboldt 
bar.  He  was  subseciueutly  chief  of  the  steamships  Lakme  and 
Noyo  and  tor  the  past  two  years  has  1  "en  filling  the  same  posi- 
tion on  the  steamer  Weoti. 

Jarrett,  Charles,  mate  of  the  scl.ooi;er  Jessie  Matson,  was 
born  in  San  Frai.cisco  in  1S57  and  has  been  sailing  north  f;  .^ni 
there  since  iHoo. 

Jeffrey,  William  L.,  master  mariner,  Nanaimo,  B.  C,  was 
born  in  Monmouth,  England,  in  1842  and  began  going  to  sea 
at  the  age  of  fourteen.  After  sailing  in  various  parts  of  the 
world,  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1873  and  began  sailing 
between  San  Francisco,  Puget  Sound  and  British  Columbia 
ports.     He  retired  from  the  water  several  years  ago. 

Jensen,  C,  San  Francisco,  master  of  schooner  /.ena  Sweasey. 

Jensen,  Charles,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  I'rancisco. 

Jensen,  J.  .\.,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Denmark 
in  1S51  and  has  held  master's  papers  since  1S74.  In  the 
Northwest  he  has  been  connecteil  with  the  steamers  Dolphin, 
.-llliance,  T.  J.  Potter,  North  Pacific,  Sehome  and  others. 

Jensen,  \,.  P.,  The  Dalles,  Or.,  master  of  steamer  Queen. 

Jensen,  M.  C,  retired  master,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Denmark  in  1854.  .After  sailing  in  various  parts  of  the  world, 
he  came  to  Seattle  in  1887.  Since  his  arrival  he  lias  been 
engaged  mostly  in  shipbuilding. 

Jensen,  Capt.  Ole,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1854  and  came 
to  Puget  Sound  in  1870.  He  was  on  the  schooner  )'h^(";,  sur- 
veying in  Alaska,  was  afterward  second  mate  and  mate  of  a 
number  of  well  known  coasting  schooners  and  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventies  was  given  commanfl  of  the  schooner 
Columbia.  Since  then  he  has  had  command  of  the  steamers 
West  Coast,  Ne;rshoy,  .Mendocino  (which  was  lost  on  Men- 
docino bar),  .Ictive,  Record,  schooners  Alice  Kimball,  Daisy 
Rowe,  James  Toivnsend,  Free  Trade  and  (iotatna,  being  in 
command  of  the  latter  at  the  present  time. 

Jensen,  Capt.  T.  A.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  owner  of  the  tug 
J.  n.  Boyden,  was  born  iu  Norway  in  1K53  and  began  steam- 
boating  on  Puget  Sound  on  the yam«  Mitrtie  in  1872. 

Jewell,  T.  C,  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  1843  and  has  been  engaged  on  Lake  Washington 
steamers  since  1893. 

Jewetl,  Wilson  F.,  president  of  the  I'mpfjua  Steam  Navi- 
gation Company,  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  at 
Coos  Bay  since  1878  and  is  also  manager  of  the  Gardiner  Mill 
Company. 

Johansen,  Capt.  N.  P.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1848.  He 
came  to  Coos  Bay  in    1875  and   ran    for  t'lree  years  on   the 


steamer  Satellite,  and  then  went  to  the  steamer  Coquille,  run- 
ning to  San  Francisco.  On  coming  to  the  Columbia  he  served 
on  the  steamers  A.  11.  Fields  and  Rosie  Olsen,  operating 
between  Astoria  and  Tillamook,  and  in  1886  took  command  of 
the  steamer  Tonquin,  running  her  five  years  for  the  Clatsop 
Mill  Company. 

Johnson,  Capt.  A.,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1856  and  com- 
menced his  marine  service  in  that  country.  He  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  1873  and  joined  the  Peruvian  Navy,  serving  on 
the  gunboat  Gasca  at  Callao  for  a  few  months,  and  then  going 
to  Panama,  where  he  joined  the  steamship  Montana.  On 
arriving  at  San  l''rancisco  he  entered  the  coasting  trade  and  has 
since  served  on  the  steamers  Salinas,  Senator,  Los  Angeles, 
Ancon,  C  'ity  of  i  hester  and  Santa  Rosa  as  second  mate,  and  on 
the  .SantaCruz,  Vaquina,  Coos  Bay  unA  /'omona  aa  male.  In 
1S92  he  was  appointed  master  of  the  steamer  /'oint  Arena,  and 
except  for  a  short  period  has  remained  in  command  since. 

Johnson,  Capt.  A.,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1848.  After 
sailing  on  the  Atlantic  for  about  ten  years,  he  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  1875,  a  year  later  joining  the  schooner  /.oilie 
(ollins.  Ill  1S80  he  received  his  first  command,  a  small 
schooner,  ami  was  afterward  on  the  schooners  Western  Ho>„e 
and  Ida  McKay,  sailing  the  latter  since  February,  1890. 

Johnson,  Albert,  master  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  New  York.  He  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since 
1881  and  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  steamship  Mississippi  when 
she  burned  at  Seattle. 

Johnson,  Alfred,  mate,  San  Francisco. 

Johnson,  Andrew,  '.;ate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco, 
has  been  engaged  on  the  R.  P.  Rithet  for  the  past  three  years. 

Johnson,  Andrew,  Portland,  Or.,  pilot  of  United  States 
steamer  ( 'ascades. 

Johnson,  Capt.  August,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  was  born 
in  Sweden  in  1S65  ami  commenced  the  marine  business  as  a 
seaman  out  of  F.uropean  ports.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
in  1S87,  was  first  on  the  Government  siiagi  oat  Sampson  and 
afterward  on  the  steamship  Active.  He  was  for  two  years  iu 
coininaud  of  the  steamer  Clara  Voung,  and  for  the  past  three 
years  has  been  master  of  the  ll'innifrcd. 

Johnson,  August,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Denmark  in  1866.  He  has  been  engaged  in  the  coasting  trade 
four  years. 

Johnson,  Capt.  August,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1864.  His 
first  marine  work  was  on  the  lakes  of  his  native  country,  where 
he  was  engaged  for  two  years  and  then  entered  the  deep-water 
service,  .sailing  in  various  parts  o  he  world.  He  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  1881  and  joined  .  c  schooner  Lizzie  Madison. 
In  1S.S6  he  was  second  mate  on  the  steamer  Whitesboro  and 
afterward  first  officer  on  the  steam  schooners  Alcalraz,  Noyo, 
Julia  H,  Ray  and  others.  For  the  past  four  years  he  has  been 
master  of  the  H'hilesboro. 

Johnson.  Benjamin,  mate,  Hoodsport,  Wash.,  was  born  iu 
Norway  in  1849  and  has  been  running  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
since  1870,  most  of  the  time  on  sailing  vessels.  He  has  served 
on  the  bark  Samnsel,  ships  Behidcre,  Western  .Shore,  Warhawk, 
and  maiu'  other  well  known  vessels.  He  was  one  of  the  crew 
of  the  General  <  obb  when  she  was  wrecked  near  Clayoquot 
Sound. 

Johnson.  C,  San  Francisco,  master  of  schooner  Charles  R. 
Wilson,  has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1881. 

John.son,  Charles,  mate  and  quartermaster,  was  born  in 
Norway  iu  1854.  '  He  nas  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since 
1S77  and  at  present  is  in  the  employ  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Navigation  Company. 

Johnsoi;,  I!.,  steward  on  coasting  sailing  vessels  since  1866. 

Johnson,  Rdward,  steward,  San  Francisco 

Johnson,  Kdward,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash.,  commenced  steaiii- 
boatinf,  on  tlie  Sound  in  1888  on  the  Henry  Bailey. 

Johnson,  Krnest,  ship  carpenter,  San  Francisco,  has  been 
on  coasting  ■^ailing  vessels  for  over  twenty  years.  He  was  last 
on  the  ';a.  k  Oiegon. 

Johnson,  Fred,  mate,  began  steamboating  on  the  Sound  iu 
1874  on  the  Celilo.  He  has  since  run  on  most  of  the  Puget 
Sound  tugs,  and  has  recently  been  on  the  Richard  Holyoke. 

Johnson,  Fred  M.,  Sail  Francisco,  master  of  steam  coasters, 
has  been  in  the  Northwestern  trade  since  1S85. 

Johnson,  ('apt.  O.  Gardner,  Vancouver,  H.  C,  secretary  of 
the  Pilot  Board  and  agent  for  I.,loyds,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1857  and  commenced  his  marine  service  out  of  Liverpool  about 
twenty  years  ago.  He  came  to  Vauoouv.  in  1S85  and  has  held 
his  present  position  for  the  past  nine  }ears. 

Johnson,  George,  mate  and  second  mate,  San  Francisco. 

Johnson,  George  H.,  mate  on  sailing  ve8.sels,  has  been  in 
the  trade  out  of  San  I-'rancisco  for  eighteen  years.  He  was 
mate  on  the  ship  ('«>';(/(>  when  she  was  wreclred  in  Alaska  in 
April,  18911,  and  for  several  years  has  been  mate  on  the  ,S.  C. 
Allen,  running  to  Honolulu. 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


475 


ssels  since  1866. 


Johnso.i,  Capt.  H  A.  K.,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1856  anil 
came  to  Astoria  in  iSb?.  He  was  first  cc.;nected  witli  the  bar 
tug  Columbia,  at  I  lie  mouth  of  the  river  o.  that  name,  for  four 
or  five  years,  and  then  went  to  Gray's  Harbor,  where  he  joined 
the  tug  Rii»f;cr.  He  has  since  been  engaged  on  the  tugs 
Traveler  anil  I'rinler,  being  at  present  master  of  the  latter. 

Johnson,  Henry  M.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  fourth  officer  of 
steamship  Empress  0/ China. 

Johnson,  Henry  S.,  engineer,  wns  born  in  New  York  in 
1836  anil  began  his  marine  career  on  the  Great  Lakes,  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  about  1871  and  began  running  out  of 
San  I'rancisco.  He  started  north  on  the  IHana  on  the  trip 
when  she  was  wrecked  near  Cape  Flattery.  Mr.  Johnson  has 
since  spent  most  of  his  time  on  the  Columbia  River,  where  he 
has  been  engineer  on  a  number  of  steamers. 

Johnson,  Capt.  Hiram  B.,  Tillamook,  Or.,  was  bor'i  in 
Oregon  in  1S61.  He  conmienced  steamboating  in  18S5  on  the 
Juno  on  the  Unipqua  River,  and  afterward  removed  to  Tilla- 
mook, where  he  has  charge  of  the  steamer  General  Carf.rld. 

Johnson,  Capt.  Jens,  was  born  in  Norway  in  ifi'55  .ind  lia^ 
been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1886.  He  was  on  the 
schooner  Fanny  Diilard  when  she  was  run  down  by  the  .fteamer 
Zambesi  in  1892,  and  recently  has  had  charge  of  the  rchocuer 
C.  H.  Holmes. 

Johnson,  Joseph,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Johnson,  Joseph,  engineer,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  in 
1854,  and  has  been  connected  with  the  marine  business  since 
1872.  His  first  work  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was  on  the  R.  P. 
Kithet.  He  has  since  been  connected  with  a  number  of  tugs 
and  steamers  in  British  Columbia  waters,  and  has  recently 
served  as  second  engineer  on  the  steani  -r  Active. 

Johnson,  Capt.  J.  H.,  was  born  in  Iceland  in  1844.  In  1864 
he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  and  was  first  employed  on  the 
schooner  Porpoise,  running  from  Mexico  to  Alaska  and  the 
Sandwich  Islands.  He  has  mostly  followed  deep  water  and  is 
connected  with  the  three-masted  schooner  Peerless  e\  the 
present  time. 

Johnson,  L. ,  master  of  coasting  vessels,  has  been  sailing 
out  of  San  Francisco  since  1882. 

Johnson,  M.,  San  l'"ranoi.sco,  master  of  schooner />V«/rt//. 

Johnson,  Capt.  M.,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1S52.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S71  and  commenced  sailing  in  the 
Puget  Sound  and  Columbia  River  trade.  He  was  one  of  the 
crew  of  the  bark  Windward,  afterward  served  for  five  years  on 
the  schooner  Falcon,  and  was  then  given  command  of  the 
barkentine/i;'////  Worster.  which  he  sailed  for  three  year.'',  going 
from  her  to  the  bark  Charles  />'.  h'enney.  He  afterward  com- 
manded the  bark  ( 'olitsa  and  schooners  Aloha  and  Fred  E. 
Sanders.  He  has  recently  been  engaged  as  mate  on  the 
schooner  Golden  Shore. 

Jolin.son,  Capt.  M.  J.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been  steamboating 
on  Lake  Washington  for  five  years,  most  of  the  time  on  the 
City  of  h'enton. 

Johnson,  Martin  S.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Johnson,  Oliver,  male,  San  Francisco, 

Johnson,  Capt.  1'.  H.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  1S62.  He  began  sailing  in  deep-water  ships  in 
1S77,  ■■ame  to  tlic  Pacific  Coast  five  years  later,  and  joined  the 
steamer  f.eonora.  lie  was  master  of  the  Leiohira  and  other 
steamers  owned  by  the  I'nion  Steamship  Company  for  several 
years,  having  command  of  the  (  iiUh  for  three  years.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1894,  he  chartered  the  tug  l.ois.  which  he  has  since 
operated. 

Johnson,  Theodore,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

John.son,  W.  J.,  Portland,  Or.,  master  of  steamer  Dallas 
( Vy. 

Johnson,  Capt.  W.  R.,  S-attle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Sweden 
in  i8'j3  and  has  been  connected  with  the  marine  business  on 
Puget  Sound  since  1.S82. 

Johnston,  Herbert  W.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was 
born  in  Ontario  in  1869.  His  first  marine  work  in  the  North- 
west was  on  th»  steamer  Glad  Tidings  in  1887.  He  has  recently 
been  engaged  on  the  tug  Glide. 

Jones,  C.  I).,  mate  anil  master  of  sailing  vessels,  Astoria,  Or. 

Jones,  E.  I<.,  Nanaimo,  B.  C,  steward  of  ship  .l/c.Vcii;-. 

Jones,  E.  Westly,  Portland,  Or.,  steward  of  steamers  North- 
west and  /\'etloj>!i. 

Jones,  Frank  .\.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Delaware  in  1865 
and  began  his  marine  service  in  the  East,  coming  to  San  Fran- 
cisco in  1S76.  Since  arriving  on  the  Coast  he  has  worked  in 
various  capacities  on  the  steamships  Grenada,  City  0/  J'anama, 
Idaho.  Los  .Ingeles.  City  of  Chester,  Cosmopolis  and  A'orth 
Fort,  running  as  chief  of  the  latter  vessel  for  six  years  and 
nine  months.  In  1892  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Marine 
Engineers'  Association,  and  was  elected  as  representative  of  that 
organization  at  its  national  conventions  in  1893,  1894  and  1895. 


Jones,  Capt.  H.  R.,  Vancouver,  B,  C,  was  born  in  I^ondon 
in  1857  and  commenced  his  marine  career  as  a  midshipman, 
serving  four  years  and  a  half  in  the  East  India  trade.  He  was 
afterward  master  of  a  propeller  running  out  of  Calcutta,  and 
served  as  master  in  various  parts  of  the  globe  until  1886,  when 
be  came  to  Vancouver.  He  has  since  been  engaged  on  the 
steamers  Maude,  Mamie,  Tepic  and  Spratt's  Ark. 

Jones,  Herbert  E.,  mate  and  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was 
borne  in  Maine  in  1859.  He  has  been  sailing  north  fn^m  San 
I'rancisco  on  the  Sterling,  A.  G.  Popes,  Eljvell  and  others,  and 
has  also  been  employed  as  master  of  the  Arkwright  and 
Carondelet. 

Jones,  James  A.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Delaware  in  1847. 
He  Aas  for  many  years  trial  engineer  in  the  employ  of  William 
Cramp  &  Son  of  Philadelphia,  coming  out  on  one  of  their 
steamers  in  1876.  On  his  return  he  took  charge  of  the  engines 
of  the  State  of  California,  which  he  brought  to  the  Coast,  and 
with  which  he  remained  as  trial  engineer  for  six  months.  He 
died  in  Philadelphia  in  1886. 

Jones,  John,  Engene,  Or.,  steward  of  steamer  Eugene. 

Jo'ies,  Richard  N.,  mate  of  ship  Bundaleer,  was  born  in 
New  \  jrk  in  1851.  He  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since 
1871,  most  of  the  time  coasting  in  the  coal  and  lumber  trade, 

Jones,  Capt.  Robert,  Marshfield,  Or.,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1867.  He  commenced  his  marine  service  on  the  steamer 
Coos  in  1882.  He  afterward  served  on  nearly  ..'<.  the  Coos  Bay 
steamers,  running  as  master  of  the  jiutcher  Hoy,  Mi'  n  and 
Cumtux,  and  is  still  in  command  of  tie  latter. 

Jones,  Samuel,  second  mate  and  riate,  ship  Ttvo  Prothers. 

Jones,  William  I.,.,  engineer,  wps  born  in  England.  He 
came  to  America  in  the  early  sixties,  and,  after  running  for  a 
few  years  on  the  Oreat  I.,akes,  came  to  this  Coast  in  1869. 
After  working  ashore  for  a  short  time  he  went  to  South 
America,  and  on  returning  worked  as  fireman  on  a  number  of 
steamships  running  out  of  San  Francisco.  In  1880  he  entered 
the  employ  of  Goodall,  Perkins  &  Co.,  remaining  with  them 
seven  years  and  working  up  to  the  position  of  second  assistant. 
He  was  then  first  assistant  on  the  steani  coaster  Rival  for  two 
years,  Alcazar  one  year,  and  for  the  past  three  years  has  been 
chief  engineer  of  the  steam  schooner  Tillamook. 

Jorgensen,  A.  N.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Jorgensen,  Capt.  N.  F. ,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1859.  He 
commenced  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  bark  Templar 
in  1S84,  and  for  the  past  four  years  has  been  master  of  the 
schooner  Glen. 

Jorgensen,  P.,  San  Francisco,  master  of  schooner  Transit. 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1869  and  has  served  as  master  on 
coasting  schooners  for  over  twenty  years. 

Jorgensen,  Capt.  P.  J.,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S60.  Hf 
commenced  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  on  the  Messenger 
in  18S8  and  was  afterward  on  the  Otter,  Quickstep  and  Glide. 

Jorgensen,  Capt.  R.,  San  I'rancisco,  has  been  sailing  in  the 
coasting  trade  out  of  the  Bay  City  since  1889.  He  is  at  present 
connected  with  the  schooner  Eddy. 

Jorgensen,  Capt.  W.,  was  born  in  !)enmark.  He  came  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1863,  began  sailing  between  vSan  Francisco 
and  Puget  Sound  ports,  and  has  conti.iiied  in  the  trade  since. 
At  present  he  is  master  of  tlie  bark  Alexander  McNeill,  and 
when  ashore  resides  at  San  Francisco. 

Jorgensen,  W.,  steward,  San  I'rancisco. 

Joslyn.  Charles  S. ,  purser,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1839. 
He  began  running  out  of  San  Francisco  in  1S74  on  the  side- 
wheeler  .Alaska  to  China,  was  on  the  Great  Republic  in  the 
same  trade,  and  on  the  City  of  \c-,f  >'()»<•,  operating  to  .Aus- 
tralia, lie  also  served  on  the  Coliiiia  and  China  on  the 
Panama  route,  and  on  the  I'ictoria.  George  II'.  Elder,  Idaho 
and  />akota  to  Puget  .Sound  and  \'ictoria.  After  leaving  the 
northern  route  he  ran  on  the  Orizaba  and  Constantine  to  San 
Diego.  Mr.  Joslyn  retired  from  the  water  a  few  years  ago  aiul 
is  now  living  at  'i'ictoria,  B.  C. 

Kalkstein,  H.,  steward,  San  Francisco. 
Kalstrom,  Capt.  Charles  E.,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Francisco  in  1.S62.  He  began  his  nuirine  career  in  the 
Northwest  on  the  I'nited  States  revenue  ^utter  Oliver  H'olcott 
in  18S0.  Hi  left  her  at  Port  Townsend  several  years  ago  and 
has  since  had  charge  of  a  nunibei  of  small  steamers,  ihe  last  of 
which  was  the  Garland. 

Kane,  John  V..,  engineer,  Portland,  Or.,  was  born  in  New 
York  City  in  1S64.  He  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  busi- 
ness for  about  twelve  years. 

Karr,  C.  J.,  Hoquiam,  Wash.,  master  of  steamer  Toiwo. 
Keay,  .\lexander,  ivverett.  Wash.,  agent  of  steamer  Mabel. 
Keen,  W.  A.,  engineer.  San  Francisco. 
Kelly,  John,  engineer,   was  born  in  England  in  185.S  and 
began  steamboating  on  the  I'raser  River  in   1876.     He  was  for 
a  long  time  on  the  Royal  City,  afterward  on  the  Reliance,  and 


If 


476 


Lewis  c?  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Paoiflo  Nortfiwest 


has  recently  been  employed  in  the  fire  department  at  New 
Westminster,  I).  C. 

Kemp,  W.  II.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  15.  C. 

Kendall,  Isaac  N.,  Jr.,  engineer,  Sapperton,  It.  C. 

Kennedy,  William,  mate  on  Kraser  River  .steamers,  was 
born  in  England  in  iK^}.  He  lias  been  engaged  on  ttritisb 
Columbia  steamers  since  iSSi. 

Kent,  James,  engineer,  Portland,  Or, 

Kerr,  Alexander,  engineer,  Edmunds,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Illinois  iu  1K59.  He  commenced  steamboatin^  on  the  Sound 
in  1887,  and  has  served  on  the  Fcriidale,  Vipgil  T.  Price,  Tyee 
and  otlier  steamers.  Pie  is  at  present  connected  with  the 
Vi^  ilanl. 

Keyes,  E.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  New  Bruns- 
wick in  1861.  He  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  rS/.j  and 
is  at  present  second  mate  on  the  Oregon. 

Kidston,  Capt.  William,  San  I'rancisco,  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia  in  1H62.  He  began  sailing  out  of  San  I'rancisco  on  the 
steamship  Grenada  in  1882,  first  on  the  Panama  route.  He 
was  afterward  on  the  steamships  San  Jose,  Colima,  City  of 
Sydney,  Australia  and  City  of  fokio.  He  ran  north  on  the 
City  of  Topeka  in  the  service  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship 
Company,  and  after  leaving  them  was  with  the  steamers 
Faratlon,  l.aliine  and  Emily.  Captain  Kidston  has  recently 
been  connected  with  the  steamers  J'lOgreso  and  Homer. 

Kildall,  Joseph,  Whatcom,  Wash.,  manager  of  the  Belling- 
liani  Hay  S.  &  T.  Company,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1865.  His 
first  marine  experience  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was  on  the  May 
Queen  in  1882. 

Kildall,  Peter  C,  master  and  pilot.  New  Whatcom,  Wash. 

Killman,  Capt.  D.  O.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  ih6o.  He  com- 
menced sailing  out  of  San  I'rancisco  in  1883  on  the  Arkwright, 
then  going  to  the  Atlanta  and  Emerald.  When  the  four- 
niastcd  schooner  Kitsap  was  built  at  Port  I<ndlow,  Captain 
Killman  was  given  coumiand,  making  several  trips  with  her 
between  San  Francisco  and  the  .Sound.  About  1SS6  he  took 
charge  of  the  steamer  West  Coast,  going  from  her  to  the 
Arago,  which  he  ran  in  the  Coos  Bay  trade.  He  left  the 
.Irago  for  the  new  steamer  Julia  //.  Ray,  in  whicli  he  pur- 
chased an  interest,  and  which  was  lost  at  Coos  Bay  on  her 
second  trip.  His  next  vessel  was  the  bark  John  Winihrop, 
with  which  he  carried  supplies  to  the  whaling  fleet  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean.  On  his  return  with  the  Winihrop  he  took  com- 
mand of  the  steamer  Hattie  Gage,  running  her  to  Alaska  one 
season,  and  the  Gertie  Story  on  the  same  route  the  following 
year.  In  1S91  he  was  given  command  of  the  ship  Mercury, 
which  he  sailed  for  eighteen  months,  and  then  joined  the 
barkentine  Cathrrine  Sudden. 

King,  Clarence,  engineer,  llofjuiani,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Illinois  in  1.S64  He  began  sleamboating  on  the  Quickstep  on 
the  Columbia  River  in  18S2.  He  has  since  served  on  the 
steamers  Gleaner,  Fai'orite,  .4rago,  h'ustler.  Hunter,  Cruiser, 
Typhoon,  Printer  and  Traveler,  and  is  still  connecte<l  with 
the  latter. 

King,  W.  H.,  engineer,  Ho({niam.  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Illinois  in  iS65.  He  commenced  -teamboating  on  the  South 
Hend  in  18S4  and  has  since  been  employed  on  (Vray's  Harbor 
ami  Slioalwater  Hay  steamers  exclusively.  He  is  at  present 
connected  with  the  tug  Ihmter. 

Kingswood,  F.  .S.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Kinney,  M.  J.,  Astoria,  Or.,  has  chartereil  and  loaded  more 
deep-water  vessels  than  any  other  man  on  the  Columbia  River. 
He  has  a  large  sawmill  and  extensive  cannery  interests,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  to  make  wheat  shipments  from  Astoria. 

Kittle,  W.  II.,  engineer, Victoria.  H.  C,  was  born  ill  Knglan<l 
in  1849.  He  .served  ail  apprenticeship  at  Rochester,  England, 
from  1866  to  1871,  then  engaged  in  the  Chapman  dockyanl,  ami 
for  the  next  seven  years  was  an  artificer  iu  the  British  Navy. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1879,  remaining  in  Califoruia 
until  1884,  when  he  went  to  Victoria  ,ind  was  engaged  for  a 
long  time  in  the  Albion  Iron  Works,  afterward  .serving  on  the 
tugs  Hope  and  l.orne.  He  has  recently  been  connected  with 
the  <iuarantine  boat  Earle. 

Klorborg.  N.,  engineer,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  commenced  steani- 
boaling  on  the  Columbia  River  in  1881  on  the  Willamette  Chief. 
He  soon  afterward  went  to  the  Sound  and  has  been  connected 
with  a  number  of  steamers  there.  He  is  at  present  engaged  in 
the  power-house  of  the  Tacoma  Street  Railway  Company. 

Klose,  C.  F.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Klusni  inn,  Charles,  mate  011  sailing  vessels,  ,San  I'rancisco. 

Knaggs,  I,  C,  master  and  pilot,  Kingston,  Idaho,  was 
born  at  The  Dalles  in  i.Sfi^  and  began  steamboating  on  the 
Hassalo\\\  1879  He  retired  from  the  river  several  years  ago 
and  is  now  engaged  in  lumbering. 

Knowles,  George  O.,  engineer,  Seaton,  Or.,  has  been 
steamboating  on  Coos  Bay  for  about  three  years. 


Knutson,  Charles,  engineer,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  commenced 
steamboating  about  1886  on  Puget  Sound  on  the  Bessie  with 
Capt.  Patrick  Burns.  He  was  afterward  engaged  on  the 
Messenger  and  Mela,  and  for  the  past  four  years  has  been  engi- 
neer on  the  steamer  Zephyr. 

Knutzen,  I^.  J.,  ma.ster  of  sailing  vessels,  has  been  coasting 
north  from  San  Francisco  for  about  ten  years,  serving  on  the 
steamers  Cosmopolis,  Pasadena,  schooners  Eppinger  and  Ruby 
A.  Cousins.  At  the  present  time  he  is  nia.ster  of  the  latter, 
running  iu  the  Gray's  Harbor  lumber  trade. 

Kramer,  F.  M.,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  at  that 
place  in  1862.  His  first  marine  work  was  on  the  steamship 
Ancon  in  1882.  He  was  afterward  running  to  Australia  on  the 
Zealandia  for  three  years,  and  then  on  the  City  of  Peking  to 
China  for  two  years.  He  subsequently  served  a  year  on  the 
Keiveenaw  and  a  similar  length  of  time  on  the  Pomona.  At 
present  he  is  engaged  on  shore. 

Kramer,  Frank  M.,  steamship  purser,  has  been  engaged  on 
the  .nice  Hlanchard and  other  coasting  steamers. 

Krebs,  Capt.  August,  San  Francisco. 

Krohna,  Capt.  Charles,  was  born  in  Hamburg,  Gernvmy, 
iu  1840,  and  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1868.  He  ran  for  a  short 
time  on  the  steamer  Resolute,  from  her  went  to  the  Politkofsky, 
and  afterward  worked  on  the  steamers  Alida,  Columbia, 
lilakely  and  Success,  running  on  the  latter  for  many  years. 
He  is  at  present  living  at  Port  Blakely,  Wash. 

Kruse,  .\lbert  O.,  was  born  iu  Clackamas  County,  Or.,  his 
father  having  been  one  of  the  pioneer  marine  men  on  the 
Willamette.  He  commenced  on  the  snagboat  Corvallis  in 
1S80,  afterward  entered  the  employ  of  the  Kelloggs,  where  he 
ran  as  purser  for  several  years,  and  has  also  served  as  male  and 
pilot  in  the  same  employ. 

Kruje,  John,  shipbuilder.  North  Bend  Or.,  was  born  in 
Denmark  in  1834  and  has  been  in  the  marine  and  shipbuil.-ling 
business  all  his  life. 

KuU,  J.,  engineer,  San  Franci.sco.  commenced  his  marine 
service  in  1879  as  oiler  on  the  steamships  Oregon  and  (  olumbia, 
also  running  as  water-tender  on  the  same  vessels.  He  was 
then  third  assistant  on  the  .Santa  Rosa,  remaining  with  her  for 
five  years,  reaching  the  position  of  first  assistant,  next  joining 
the  .-IJa.v  iu  the  same  capacity.  He  was  afterward  employed 
on  the  Wilmington  and  the  steam  schooner  Emily,  and  for  the 
past  five  years  has  been  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship 
Areata. 

Kummer,  Arthur,  engineer,  was  born  in  Germaiiv  in  1852. 
His  first  marine  work  in  the  Northwest  was  on  the  Mastiek  in 
18S7.  He  purchase<l  the  steamer  .Ingele.s  in  1S89,  and,  after 
replacing  her  machinery,  ran  her  for  six  months  and  then  sold 
her.     He  has  recently  been  engaged  011  the  George  /•'.  .Starr. 

Lacey,  Charles  C,  engineer,  Sail  I''rancisco,  is  a  native  of 
De1nw:3rj  He  began  running  north  from  Sau  Francisco  on  the 
propeller  California  in  1879  and  has  .served  on  a  number  of 
steamships  on  the  same  route.  He  has  recently  been  con- 
nected with  the  steamship  I'matilla. 

I^afilin,  A.  H  ,  master  of  American  ship  l.andseer. 

Lakin,  Edward  C,  master  and  pilot,  was  born  in  Portland, 
Or.,  in  1854  He  began  steamboating  in  1S68  on  the  Ranger, 
running  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  rivers.  He  is  at 
present  master  of  the  steamer  Oswego. 

Kamley.  J.  H.,  master  and  pilot,  .\stoiia.  Or. 

Lamsoii,  Henry,  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1861.  He 
began  his  marine  .service  on  the  San  Francisco  ferries  in  1880. 
After  running  there  and  on  the  Sacramento  River  until  1883, 
he  went  to  Honolulu  and  was  employed  on  various  steamers  in 
the  Island  trade  four  years,  and  then  returned  and  joined  a 
collier  as  first  a.ssistant  for  nine  months.  He  then  lef'  salt 
water  and  ran  for  a  short  time  on  the  Columbia  River  steamer 
Fleetwood,  subsequently  returning  to  the  Atlantic  Coast.  He 
came  west  again  a  short  time  ago  and  is  now  running  as  fir.st 
assistant  on  the  steamer  Tillamook. 

Lancaster,  Capt.  Richard,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1859. 
He  commenced  sailing  on  the  coast  of  Scotland  when  a  boy. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1.S83  and  joined  the  A'.  A'  I/am 
with  Captain  Gove.  He  was  afterward  mate  on  the  ships 
Ericcson,  Spartan,  anil  bark  Germania,  bringing  the  latter  ves- 
sel to  Sau  I'rancisco  during  the  big  gale  which  wrecked  the 
//arvcy  .Mills,  the  Germania's  master,  Captain  Owens,  having 
died  the  third  day  out.  I'or  the  past  seven  years  Captain  Lan- 
caster has  been  sailing  the  bark  i  anada. 

Land,  Peter  M.,  master  mariner,  Nauainio.  H.  C. 

Landach,  A.,  mate  on  coasting  ves.sels. 

Landerkiu,    "..  M.,  engineer,  .Seattle,  Wash. 

I.anfair,  Cajit.  Robert,  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in 
1836,  and  saile<l  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  for  t^vetlty-five  years,  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  time  in  the  I'mted  States  Navy. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  i,S72  and  ran  as  captain  of  the 
tug  Alpha  on  Coos  Hay  for  two  years.     He  was  also  on   the 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


477 


"Til 


Sa/elli/e  and  Coos  for  several  yean,  and  ran  as  first  ofScer  on 
the  Oiissie  Tel/air  for  some  months.  Captain  Lanfair  retired 
from  the  water  several  years  ago  and  is  now  living  at  Bay 
Center,  Wash. 

Landgreen,  Capt.  William,  was  linrn  in  Sweden  in  1842 
and  commenced  sailing  out  of  Knglish  ports  when  a  boy, 
remaining  there  for  eight  years.  Ke  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
in  1&74  an<l  engaged  on  a  number  of  coasting  vessels  for  a  few 
years  and  then  again  entered  the  deep-waler  service.  He  sub- 
sequently returned  to  the  coast  and  was  for  five  and  a  half  years 
male  on  the  barkentine  Wilder,  afterward  running  for  a  short 
time  on  the  steamship  ll'ilmington.  For  the  past  two  years 
he  has  had  command  of  ■.he  bark  Sonoma,  on  which  he  served 
as  carpenter  a  dozen  years  before. 

Lane,  J.  M.,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  I*'lorida 
in  i860  and  has  been  coasting  north  from  San  Francisco  for  the 
past  six  years. 

Langfeldt,  J.  M.,  second  mate,  San  Francisco. 

I.iangkilde,  Andrew,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  I'rancisco. 

Laping,  John,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  engaged  fiT 
several  years  in  the  whaling  trade.  He  has  recently  been  in 
the  lumber  trade  on  the  schooner  Compeer. 

Larkin,  John,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  iSjS.  He 
began  his  niaiine  career  on  the  Pacific  Coast  between  Panama 
and  Sau  Francisco,  afterward  running  on  the  China  route  and 
to  Australia.  He  went  north  with  the  Great  Republic  in  1878, 
running  there  for  about  six  months,  and  then  went  to  Victoria, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  has  been  employed  on  nearly 
all  the  steamers  running  out  of  that  port.  Before  coming  to  the 
Pacific  Coast,  Mr.  Larkin  was  engaged  in  steamers  on  the 
Atlantic,  and  was  one  of  the  few  survivors  of  the  steamship 
Arctic,  which  was  lost  in  1S57  several  hunilred  people  perishing. 

Larsen,  A.,  mate  and  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  185.S.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S83,  and  has 
since  been  engaged  on  a  number  of  well  known  coasting 
schooners.     At  present  he  is  on  the  schooner  Halcyon. 

Larsen,  C,  Gardiner,  Or.,  master  of  schooner  ./.  />'.  Leeds. 

Larsen,  Capt.  John  L.,  is  a  native  of  Denmark.  He  came 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S75,  and  for  the  past  fifteen  years  has 
been  master  of  the  schooners  Twilight,  Compeer  and  Norma, 
still  having  charge  of  the  latter. 

Larsen.  L.,  Port  Angeles,  Wash.,  master  of  schooner  £l/a 
John.wn. 

Latham,  Thomas,  bar  pilot,  Astoria,  Or. 

Lau,  Peter,  steward,  San  Franci.sco. 

Lawsnn,  H.  C,  engineer,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1832. 
After  coming  west  in  1S62,  he  began  running  on  the  steamer 
Diana,  and  has  served  on  most  of  the  British  Columbia  boats 
since,  sometiines  as  chief  and  again  as  second  engineer.  The 
names  of  some  of  the  boats  whose  engines  have  been  in  his 
charge  are,  Isahcl,  Otter,  Sir  James  Poiiglas,  North  /'acific 
and  Olympian.     Mr.   Lawson  is  now  living  at  Victoria,  I).  C. 

I. avion,  F.  K.,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  master  of  steamer  Siisir. 

Leabo,  Sterling  V.,  engineer,  w.-is  born  in  Oregon  in  1866. 
He  commenced  sleanil)oating  ou  the  .Spokane  on  Snake  River 
in  1883,  and  afterward  followed  his  profes.sion  on  Puget  Sound. 
For  the  past  few  years  he  has  been  engaged  on  the  steam 
schooner  .liiausta. 

Leake,  Capt.  Herbert  W..  Houghton,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1864,  and  has  been  running  the  steamer  /;///«  on  Lake 
Washington  since  1S.S9, 

Leake,  I.  W..  engineer,  Houghton    Wash. 

Leale,  Cai>l.  W.  Ci.,  was  born  on  the  Isle  of  Guernsey  in 
1846.  He  came  to  San  Francisco  in  April,  1.S66,  and  commenced 
his  career  as  deckhaml  on  the  river  steamer  Reform,  rising  to 
the  position  of  master  of  the  steamer  Pioneer,  owned  by  the 
same  comiiany,  in  six  years.  I'or  eight  years  he  was  in  coni- 
manil  of  several  steamers  owned  by  the  California  Transporta- 
tion Company.  In  18S0  he  Ijonght  the  steamer  Caroline,  which 
he  still  owns,  as  also  the  tug  Frolic. 

Leathers,  Joseph,  boatbuilder,  Astoria,  Dr.,  was  born  in 
California  in  1859.  He  learned  his  trade  in  San  Francisco, 
came  to  Astoria  in  1881,  and  built  the  steamers  Electric, 
Favorite,  Tonguin,  Wenona,  Eclipse.  R.  Miler,  Queen,  Sea 
Foam,  and  a  large  number  of  sloops  and  fishing  boats. 

Leberman,  A.,  Astoria,  Or.,  agent  Vancouver  Transporta- 
tion Company  and  Ilwaco  Railway  &  Navigation  Company. 

Lee,  W.  H.,  master  and  pilot,  Iroudale,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Virginia  in  1848.  He  owns  the  sealing  schooner  George  11'. 
Prescott. 

Lee,  Charles  A  ,  engineer,  began  his  marine  career  in  the 
Northwest  as  first  assistant  on  the  steamer  Eii!a  Anderson  on 
Puget  Sound,  remaining  there  for  fifteen  months  and  then 
filling  the  same  position  on  the  steamer  Edith  for  a  year.  He 
was  afterward  second  and  first  assistant  on  the  steamers 
Olympian  and  George  E.  Starr,  then  went  to  San  Francisco, 


and,  after  making  a  few  trips  as  water-tender  on  the  San  Jose, 
joined  the  steamer  AJax  as  second  assistant.  He  has  since 
served  as  first  assistant  on  the  steamers  Navarro,  Jewel  and 
Protection,  being  at  present  connected  with  the  latte''. 

Lee,  James,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

Lees,  Archwood,  engineer,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  i8.';8 
and  commenced  the  marine  business  in  the  Mediterranean 
trade  when  a  boy.  His  first  experience  in  the  Northwest  was 
on  the  steamer  R.  P.  Rithel  at  Victoria.  He  has  recently  been 
engaged  as  second  engineer  on  the  tug  Lome. 

Lehners,  Carl,  chief  engineer  of  tug  Fearless,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1851.  He  began  his  marine  career  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  in  1872  on  the  steamer  City  of  San  Francisco.  He  was 
afterward  on  the  City  of  Sydney  for  six  years,  then  on  the  ( ity 
of  New  York  three  years,  .^/ariposa  three  years,  tng  Relief 
four  years,  and  the  Fearless  since  she  was  built,  the  latter 
being  the  only  vessel  ou  which  he  has  run  in  the  Northwest. 

Leighton,  Anthony,  Astoria,  Or.,  first  oflicer  of  United 
States  steamer  Columbine. 

I.,eighton,  Harmon,  mate.  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1867  and  has  been  steamboating  on  the  Sound  since 
1889.  He  has  also  served  as  master  of  the  steamers /(W/^A/nc, 
Hornet,  Edna  and  llelta. 

Leimond,  Percy,  mate.  Port  Blakely,  Wash.,  is  a  native  of 
Maine.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Addie  in  1886 
and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  Sarah  .1/.  Renton. 

Lenout,  Grant  K.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Leonard,  A.  F.,  retired  master  of  sailing  vessels,  is  now 
living  at  Port  Townsend,  Wash. 

Lermond,  C.  G.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1858.  He 
commenced  his  marine  service  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1880, 
serving  as  oiler  on  the  steamships  George  W.  Elder,  ll'illa- 
melte  and  Oregon.  He  was  afterward  engaged  as  third  and 
seconil  assistant  on  the  steamships  .San  Jose,  City  (fjVao  } 'o/X' 
and  .Mendocino,  and  for  a  short  time  first  assistant  on  the 
Columbia  and  Farallon.  He  has  since  been  running  as  chief 
of  the  steamers  Albion,  />aisy  Kimball  and  Protection,  and  is 
still  connected  with  the  latter. 

Lermond,  Parker,  mate.  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  Maine  in  1869.  He  spent  five  years  ill  the  deep-water  ser- 
vice, came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1887,  and  has  been  steamboating 
there  since. 

Leube,  H.,  mate  and  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  ill 
Saxony  in  i860.  He  has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since 
1880,  and  has  served  as  first  and  second  mate  on  a  do/.en  of  the 
best  known  coasters.  For  the  past  year  he  has  been  male  on 
the  bark  Palmyra. 

Lewiii,  Walter,  fourth  assistant  engi;ieer  of  the  Empress 
of  India,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  with  her  and  has  rcmai.ied 
with  the  steamship  since. 

Lewis,  Capt.  Kdward,  was  horn  in  Massachusetts  in  1836. 
He  has  been  in  the  ma.  le  business  for  thirty-six  years,  twenty 
of  which  were  spent  as  m.ister  of  the  bark  Carrolllon,  which  he 
still  cominands.  He  took  charge  of  the  vessel  when  she  was 
built,  and,  after  sailing  her  to  various  parts  of  the  world, 
brought  her  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S.S6,  sailing  her  in  the 
Nanaimo  coal  trade  most  of  the  time  since. 

Lewis,  Henry  T.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  agent  of  Pacific  Coast 
Steamship  Company. 

Lewis,  T.  F.,  engineer,  Baudon,  Or.,  was  born  in  Boston  in 
1857.  He  began  in  the  marine  business  in  1S7S  on  the  tug 
Katie  Cook  on  the  Coiiuille  River.  lie  was  afterward  engaged 
on  the  Columbia  River  and  at  .San  Francisco,  most  of  the  time 
on  tugboats,  and  has  recently  been  connected  with  the  tug 
Triumph  on  Coos  Bay. 

Lewis,  Capt.  William  T.,  was  born  111  Canada  in  1844  and 
has  been  sailing  in  the  merchant  service  since  185S,  He  first 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  iKSoaiid  has  recently  been  engaged 
in  the  Nanaimo  coal  trade  with  the  ship  Undaunted,  the  vessel 
with  which  he  brought  the  first  cargo  of  tea  that  crossed  the 
continent  by  way  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  For  the 
past  twenty  years  Captain  Lewis  has  been  accompanied  by  his 
wife  on  all  of  his  voyages. 

Le  Vake,  Anson  L,,  engineer,  was  born  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  in  1848.  He  has  been  in  the  marine  service  for  nearly 
thirty  years,  most  of  the  time  on  the  Great  Lakes  in  the 
revenue  service  and  on  passenger  steamers.  He  came  to  Puget 
Sound  in  1888  and  has  since  been  employed  on  a  number  of 
Sound  steamers. 

Levens,  Capt.  T.  F.,  Warrendale,  Or.,  was  born  in  Illinois 
in  1851.  He  began  steamboating  ou  Puget  Sound  in  i8;o  ns 
deckhand  on  the  steamer  Gem,  afterward  cume  to  the  Columbia 
and  ran  on  the  steamer  Oneonta,  and  was  male  ou  the  steamer 
Otter  for  a  short  time.  He  then  entered  the  employ  of  Ihe 
Government  at  Cascade  Locks,  running  the  launch  there  for  a 
short  time,  when  he  left  the  water  for  about  ten  years.  He 
recently  bought  the  steamer  Leio,  the  smallest  passenger  vessel 


,| 


il 


II    ! 


478 


Lewis  <f  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


registered  at  the  custom-house,  and  is  still  running  her  at  the 
Cascades. 

I.everett,  James  P. ,  Grant's,  Or. ,  master  of  steam  ferrv-boat 
AV///C. 

Levison,  H.,  master  mariner,  San  Krancisco,  wa.s  born  in 
Denmark  in  1858.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1879  on  the 
Hamburg  har\t.  John  Henry,  which  foundered  off  the  California 
coast,  eifiht  of  the  crew  losing  their  lives.  Levison  and  the 
others  reached  San  Diego  in  a  small  boat,  one  of  their  number 
dying  on  the  way.  Captain  Levisou's  fir.°t  command  was  the 
steamer  Nfivsboy,  going  from  her  to  the  holfclion,  which  he 
handled  for  five  years.  For  the  post  two  years  he  has  lieen 
master  of  the  steamer  -Voio. 

I^evy,  C.  H.  N.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  second  steward  of  steam- 
ship Empress  of  China. 

Lichtwerk,  Capt.  Charles,  Marshfield,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1847  and  followed  the  marine  business  for  thirty- 
two  years  in  various  parts  of  the  world.  He  came  to  Coos  Bay 
in  1S.S5  and  purchased  the  steamer  Hi'rfha,  which  he  operated 
for  six  years.  He  was  afterward  part  owner  of  the  steamer 
Hxfirfss,  which  he  ran  for  one  year,  and  then  purchased  the 
■yoggif  H.  y'lirro,  whicli  he  is  still  running. 

Lightner,  Clyde  C  ,  Coos  Hay,  Or.,  cugineer  of  steamer 
Ciimlux,  has  also  been  engaged  on  the  steamers  .Villon, 
Vairo  and  Anlilopi-. 

Lilly,  W.  H.,  purser,  New  Westminster,  B.  C. 

Unbridge,  Robert,  master  mariner,  Berkeley,  Cal.,  has 
been  sailing  out  of  San  Krancisco  since  185S,  except  at  inter- 
vals when  he  was  in  the  deep-water  trade  and  for  a  short  time 
on  the  Amazon  River. 

I.indeboom,  John,  mate,  Ivureka,  Cal. 

Lindquist,  Charles  B. ,  San  I'rancisco,  master  of  steamer 
A'olif,  has  be.;n  employed  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  18S0,  most 
of  the  time  in  the  service  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company. 

I.indsey,  George  R.,  engineer.  Eureka,  Cal.,  was  born  in 
Scotland  in  1843.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1868.  In 
1882  he  went  to  Eureka,  and  in  1HK9  to  Puget  Sound  as  first 
assistant  on  the  steamer  /'oinl  Anna.  He  was  afterward  on 
the  steamers y.  A'.  .McPonahi,  Haylian  Kcpuhlit,  Yamiina,  tug 
Wanderer,  steamships  Willamelle,  I.os  Angeles  and  Humboldl, 
serving  as  second  and  first  assistant. 

Lindstrom,  Alhin,  Kelso,  Wash.,  master  ferry-boat  .Mice  V. 

Linn,  T.  J.,  master  mariner,  Vancouver,  H.  C,  was  born  at 
New  Westminster  in  i860  and  has  been  engaged  in  steamboat- 
ing  and  running  in  the  coasting  trade  north  since  a  boy. 

Little,  John  R.,  Blaine,  Wash.,  has  run  as  mate  on  the 
sloop  .Minnie,  schooners  Sallie  anil  Jlealriee. 

Lochart,  George  N.,  engineer,  San  I'rancisco,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1859  and  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since 
1883. 

Lofgren,  San  Francisco,  mate  of  schooner  (>rion. 

Logan,  Capt.  S.  .\.,  Newport,  Or.,  was  born  in  Indiana  in 
1839.  He  purchased  the  steamer  llenlon  on  Va(|uiiia  Hay 
about  i,S8a,  operating  her  for  about  .seven  years.  He  then  went 
to  the  ll'alliisii  and  afterward  served  on  the   rolaiila. 

Lohoram,  William,  surfinan  Gardiner  Life-saving  Station. 

Loll,  E.,  was  born  in  Germany  in  i860.  He  has  been  sail- 
ing on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1S79,  running  as  mate  on  several 
well  known  coasters  and  afterward  as  engineer  and  master  on 
a  number  of  small  steamers  on  Coos  Bay  and  the  Columbia 
River.     At  present  he  is  living  at  Marshficlil,  Or. 

Lollis,  Mortimer,  engineer,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1864. 
He  commenced  steamboaling  on  Va(|uina  Day  in  18S4  on  the 
steam  launch  /iureka,  an<l  has  since  serveil  on  the  steamers  k'ale 
and  .Inna,  Clevehtiid,  d'enenil  Wrighl,  .Mischief,  Tressie  .May, 
Vaqiiina  lily,  tugs  Kobarls  anil  ll'allorca.  He  has  recently 
been  engaged  on  tlie  coasting  steamer  Harrison. 

Loomis,  Edward  C.,  mate  and  master,  was  born  in  St. 
Johns,  Or.,  in  \Vibfi.  He  has  been  steamboaling  since  i,S,S4  and 
!:  '.s  run  as  master  of  the  steamers  Iralda,  .Manzanillo  and  Cily 
1'    Frankfort. 

Lord,  W.  R.,  engineer.  Lulu  Island,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
^'a  le.  Wash.,  in  1866,  and  is  a  brother  of  Harry  Lord,  a  well 
..:  -•.vn  Columbia  River  engineer.  He  commenced  his  marine 
:!er.  ce  as  second  assistant  on  the  steamer  (ieneral  I'aiihy,  and 
was  afterward  on  the  British  Columbia  steamers  Emma,  Ella 
White  and  other  Eraser  River  boats,  alternatiug  his  steamboat 
work  with  business  in  connection  with  the  canneries. 

Lorenson,  Capt.  Ludwig,  San  Francisco,  has  been  sailing 
•on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1882  and  has  recently  had  charge  of 
the  schooner  Compeer, 

Lorenz,  Capt.  Edward,  Taconia,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Ger- 
many in  1866.  He  commenced  steamboating  In  1884  on  the 
Sophia,  which  was  built  by  his  father  and  operated  by  the 
family  until  1890.  With  his  brother,  C.  O.  Lorenz,  he  now 
owns  the  steamers  Typhoon  and  .^/ela. 


Lott,  Harry,  master  and  pilot,  was  horn  In  England  in 
1856.  He  has  been  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  since  1879 
and  is  at  present  running  the  steamer  Ani;eles. 

Lounsberry,  G.  W.,  agent  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navi- 
gation Company  at  Astoria,  Or.,  has  been  in  their  employ 
fourteen  years. 

Loveland,  Capt.  A.  R.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  In  Hart- 
ford, Conn.  He  has  been  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  since 
l8«s. 

Low,  J.  A.,  engineer,  San  Francisco. 

Low,  Robert,  second  assistant  engineer  of  steamship 
Empn  .s  of  China,  viaa  horn  In  Seotlanilln  1851.  He  served 
an  appren'iceship  at  William  King  S:  Company's  at  Glasgow, 
and  then  went  to  Singapore,  where  he  joined  the  Netherlands 
&  India  steamship  line  as  fourth  assistant  engineer.  He  served 
on  steamship  lines  In  various  parts  of  the  worUl,  running  for 
six  years  as  chief  of  the  Yangl.ie.  In  18S7  he  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  with  the  f'arlhia,  serving  on  her  as  chief  engineer. 

Ludlow,  J.  R.,  engineer,  was  born  In  San  Francisco  In 
1H66.  His  first  work  on  Puget  Soiuiii  was  on  the  steamer 
/.illie  on  White  River.  He  was  afterward  on  the  Evangel, 
Rip  Van  Winkle,  Eliza  Ander.wn.  .Susie.  Edna,  /)iscovery, 
(Olympian,  lirick.  Enterprise,  /fermoso,  llolyoke  and  Tyee, 
still  being  connected  with  the  latter.  He  has  also  followed 
his  calling  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Mississippi  River. 

Lund,  Charles  W.,  Bandon,  Or.,  master  of  schooner  Free 
Trade,  was  born  in  Finland  li'  18511.  He  came  to  this  Coast 
l;i  1878  and  a  few  years  later  wa.s  appointed  master  of  the 
schooner  Free  Trade.  He  left  her  for  the  steamer  llandorille, 
but  returned  a  short  time  ago  to  the  Free  Trade,  which  he  has 
since  commanded. 

Lund>i"'st,Capt.  Charles,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  Nor- 
way In  1864.  He  began  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  In  18,83 
on  the  ship  Occidental.  After  running  as  mate  on  several 
coasters  he  was  given  command  of  tlie  schooner  John  G. 
Eppinger.  He  was  afterward  on  the  schooners  .Sacramento 
and  .Marietta,  and  for  the  past  two  years  has  been  master  of 
the  steamer  Albion. 

Lunvaldt,  Hans  J.,  master  in  the  coasting  trade  between 
San  Francisco  and  northern  ports,  has  been  running  on  that 
route  since  1873.  He  has  cominandeil  the  schooners  Ocean 
Sfirav,  flavward  and  Vesta,  being  still  in  command  of  the 
latter. 

Lupp,  F.,  master,  San  I'rancisco,  was  born  In  Germany 
in  1842. 

Luttrell,  Capt.  J.  F.,  was  born  In  California  In  185S.  Me 
comuienced  his  marine  service  In  1S77  as  watchman  on  the 
"iteamshlp  Alaska,  was  .soon  afterward  promoted  to  the  position 
of  purser,  and  In  that  capacity  served  on  the  steamships 
Orizaba,  .Senator,  Idaho,  .Mexico,  (ieorge  IV.  Elder,  Eureka, 
/.OS  Angeles,  Oiieen  of  the  /'aci/ic,  ( 'orona,  (  ity  of  I  hester  ami 
others.  In  1S90  he  was  given  command  of  the  bark  Helen  II  . 
.limy,  of  which  lie  has  since  had  charge. 

Lyle,  Thomas,  mate.  Port  Madison,  Wash. 

Lyies.  George  W.,  shipbuilder,  Aberdeen,  Wash. 

Lyng,  John,  mate,  Ti'.co  na.  Wash.,  was  born  in  Norway  in 
1864  and  has  been  steamboating  on  the  Sound  for  eight  years. 

MacGill,  Robert,  engineer,  was  born  in  Scotland  In  18,51. 
He  was  In  the  deep-water  trade  and  on  the  Suez  Canal  for 
.several  years.  Since  coming  to  British  Columbia  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  A'.  /'.  A'ithet,  .Mogul  and  other  steamers. 

MacLarty,  John,  engineer.  New  Westminster,  H.  C,  was 
born  In  Glasgow,  Scotland.  In  185H.  He  served  an  apprentice- 
ship of  six  years  and  then  joined  the  .Mien  steamship  line.  He 
was  afterward  engaged  on  steamships  rniining  in  the  African, 
.\ustralian  and  China  trade,  and  came  to  Vancouver  in  1889  on 
the  tun  Tepic.  lie  was  subsequently  on  the  tugs  .Mamie,  /telle 
and  ( 'ity  of  \anaimo,  and  worked  for  a  year  as  seventh 
assistant  engineer  on  the  steamship  /impress  of  Japan. 

Maillson,  Capt.  Charles,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Madsen,  C,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Magnessen,  K.,  mate,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1857.  He 
commenced  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  In  1875,  his  first  vessel 
being  the  brig  Tanner.  At  present  he  is  on  the  schooner 
Falcon. 

Magune,  Capt.  F.  E.,  was  born  In  Rockport,  Me.,  in  1854, 
and  began  sailing  out  of  Atlantic  ports  when  a  boy.  After  fol- 
lowing his  calling  in  various  i>arts  of  the  world,  he  commenced 
coasting  north  from  San  Francisco  In  1S82.  He  was  for  a  long 
time  on  the  barkentine  .Makah,  and  for  the  past  few  years  has 
been  master  of  the  ship  y.  /•'.  /tnm'n. 

Mahan,  W.  J.,  engineer,  Hoquiam,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Missouri  In  1868.  He  commenced  steamboaling  on  the  Gray's 
Harbor  tugs  In  18.S8  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the 
Printer. 


K*t*>l 


ft  ftt 


rn  in    England  in 
Sounil  since  1879 

rs. 
Railway  &  Navi- 

1   in   tlieir  employ 

Has  born  in  Hart- 
'ugel  Sound  since 


eer  of  steamship 
1  1851.  He  served 
lany's  at  Clasnow, 
d  the  Netherlands 
Kineer.  He  served 
world,  running  for 
S7  he  came  to  the 
r  as  chief  engineer. 

San  Francisco  in 
as  on  the  steamer 
il  on  the  Kviingcl. 

Edna.  Discmrry, 
llolyokf  and   Tyec, 
!  lias  also  followed 
Mississippi  River, 
r  of  schooner  Fire 

came  to  this  Coast 
ited  master  of  the 
steamer  llainloiillc, 
I'liidc,  which  he  bus 

3,  was  horn  in  Nor- 
u  Francisco  in  1S83 
as   mate  on  several 

schooner  John  G. 
hooners  Smniinciilo 

has  been  master  of 

isting  trade  between 
;en  running  on  that 
:he  schooners  (hran 
in   command  of  the 

is  born  in  Germany 

.fornia  in  185S.     He 

IS  watchman  on  the 

inoted  to  the  position 

on    the    steamships 

IK  /■:/t/,r.  Eiiirlni, 

Cily  of  L'/iis/cr  iiiu\ 

f  the  bark  //e/in  II . 

ash. 

cen,  Wash. 
is  born  in  Norway  in 
juiid  for  eight  years, 
in  Scotland  in   iS.si. 
the   Sue/.  Canal    for 
olumbia  he  has  been 
ind  other  steamers, 
itminster,  R.  C,  was 
served  an  apprentice- 
.  steamship  line.     He 
iniuK  in  the  African, 
Vancouver  in   18S9  on 
he  tugs  Mamir,  lldle 
■   a    year    as   seventh 
ir.is  of  Jopon. 
h. 

San  Francisco. 
Norway  in    1857.     He 
n  1H75,  his  first  vessel 
is  on   the  schooner 

nckport.  Me.,  in  l854. 
hen  a  hoy.  After  fol- 
world,  he  commenced 
2.  He  was  for  a  long 
he  past  few  years  has 

Wash.,  was  born  in 
boating  on  the  Gray's 
been  engaged  on  the 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


479 


Malmquist,  Prank,  purser,  Portland,  Or.,  was  engaged  for 
five  years  in  the  deep-water  service  in  various  capacities,  and 
for  the  past  twelve  years  has  been  employed  on  the  Columbia 
River,  running  as  purser  in  the  employ  of  Jacob  Kanini  since 
1887. 

Maloney,  Capt.  George,  Yaquina,  Or.,  has  liad  a  marine 
experience  of  twenty-eight  years  on  the  Ivasteru  coast,  but 
since  his  arrival  on  the  Pacific  Coast  he  has  not  engaged  in 
the  business. 

Mann,  h'rauk,  engineer,  was  born  at  Wichita,  Kan.  He 
commenced  steainhoaling  on  I'liget  Sound  in  18H5  and  is  at 
present  engaged  on  the  steamer  Evmigcl. 

Manning,  John  A.,  mate,  began  steaniboating  on  the 
upper  Cohimbia  in  1S79,  remaining  there  until  1SS3.  when  he 
went  to  I'uget  .Souml.  He  was  afterward  connected  willi  a 
number  of  well  known  steamers  on  the  Souiul  and  at  Victoria. 
He  is  at  present  employed  on  the  city  dock  at  Seattle. 

Manshardt,  A.,  engineer,  was  born  in  San  Francisco  in 
1870,  He  entereil  the  Umpire  Iron  Works  of  that  city  in  18S4, 
working  there  four  years,  and  then  for  a  year  in  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company's  shops.  He  then  ran  as  oiler  on  the 
steamers  ( oc.?  liny,  lily  of  I'liihln  and  Wnlln  Miitln.  He 
received  his  license  as  third  assistant  in  1891,  and  ran  for  a 
short  time  on  the  tugs  I'ioli'l  and  .liigiisla  on  Puget  Sound. 
He  afterward  served  as  electrician  and  second  assistant  on  a 
number  of  coasting  steamers,  and  at  the  present  time  is  first 
assistant  on  the  steamer  JVrwshoy,  running  to  Coos  Bay. 

Mauler,  Charles  C,  male  on  tugboats.  Port  Townaend, 
Wash.,  was  horn  in  Massachusetts  in  1864  and  came  to  Puget 
Sound  in   1887. 

March,  I/.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  horn  in  Boston  in 
1869.  He  has  been  coasting  out  of  Sail  I'raticisco  for  the  past 
fifteen  years,  and  has  recently  been  employed  as  first  officer  on 
the  ship  y.  /)'.  /liown. 

Marcusen,  A.,  mate.  New  Whatcom,  Wash  ,  commenced 
steaniboating  in  the  Norllnvest  oil  the  )'iikiiiia  in  1.SS6. 

Marden,  H.  H  ,  pilot,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1853.  He  began  his  marine  career  as  deckhand  on  the 
Columbia  River  in  1881.  He  was  afterward  steaniboating  on 
Gray's  Harbor  and  Puget  Sound,  running  as  male  oil  the  tugs 
Si'a  Lion  and  Mogul  for  several  years.  In  18,^9  he  received  the 
appointment  of  pilot  in  the  Victoria  district. 

Marden,  Capt.  T.  N.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1.S49  and  began 
his  marine  career  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  on  the  ship  AtTiuftt. 
He  made  several  trips  to  the  Pacific  Coast  before  locating  here, 
coming  out  in  iS-j,  as  mate  on  the  ship  A'ing/iiit/ii:  While 
here  he  joined  the  siiip  A'('.«<v'//.S'/)/iii,'^Hf,  then  in  coinmaiul  of 
Captain  Keller.  lie  al.so  nhide  a  coasting  trip  in  the  hark 
Moir'.ino,  then  returned  overland  to  the  l\ast,  coming  out  a  few 
years  later  as  master  of  the  bark  /'(i«  Niiiiolas,  which  he  sailed 
in  the  coasting  and  Austr.iliau  trade  for  nearly  five  years.  He 
then  took  command  of  the  ship  GiiDn/iiiii,  where  he  has 
remained  for  the  past  eight  years. 

Marianhofir,  H.  B.,  Iloodsport,  Wash.,  mate  and  pilot,  ran 
in  the  coasting  trade  as  mate  oil  sailing  schooners  for  nearly 
fifteen  years.  He  has  also  been  mate  and  pilot  on  :t  number  of 
small  Sound  steamers. 

Marmont,  Capt.  T.  .\.,  Whatcom,  Wash  .  was  born  in  Fng- 
laiid  in  1S43  and  has  followed  the  marine  business  in  variiius 
parts  of  the  world  for  over  forty  years,  serving  on  the  Atlantic 
Coast,  Great  I,akes  and  the  Mississipjii  River.  He  was  in  the 
United  States  Navy  under  .\diniral  Farragut  in  the  North 
Atlantic  stpiadron  during  the  Civil  War.  He  came  to  Seattle 
in  1883,  serveil  first  as  mate  on  the  Eviint^t/,  and  was  afterward 
captain  of  the  jobbing  steamers  Lonr  /■'iihriman  and  Snronaf. 
He  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the  steamer  thick. 

Marmont,  W.  .A.,  engineer,  has  served  on  the  .Siiromw. 
Aiiviuiif,  Triumph  and  lUiik. 

Marsh,  John  J.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  mate  of  lug  I'orlhind. 

Marsh,  Joseph,  steward,  Ballard,  Wash. 

Marshall,  Capt.  Gswahl  P.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  commander 
of  Royal  Mail  sleamsliip  /iiiipnKS  of  India,  was  born  in  Surrey, 
lOigland,  in  1857.  He  has  followed  the  sea  since  1870,  serving 
for  many  years  in  the  British  Navy.  He  came  to  the  Northwest 
with  the  Einpitis  of  India  and  has  remained  in  command 
since. 

Martin,  J.  W.,  steward,  has  been  running  in  the  coasting 
and  .Sound  trade  since  1S76.  He  was  on  the  llakola  and  a 
number  of  other  well  known  steamships,  and  has  recently  been 
employed  on  the  steamer  A'os<i/ii: 

Maseny,  K.,  m.ister  and  pilot,  Astoria,  Or. 

Mason,  E.  E.,  mate,  IIood.sport,  Wh.sIi,,  was  borii  in  New 
York  in  1.S62.  He  began  steaniboating  in  1877  on  Puget  Sound 
on  the  Go/iah.  He  has  run  in  different  capacities  on  nearly  all 
the  Sound  steamers. 

Masterson,  Peter,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  has  run  north 
on  the  steamer  Pivtection  and  others. 


Mathews,  Charles,  pilot,  Semiahmoo,  Wash.,  baa  served  on 
the  steamers  Sialllf,  .Innir  .11.  I'mcr,  t  hinook  and  Puritan. 

Mathieson,  Capt.  Frederick  K..  was  horn  in  San  F'rancisco 
in  1866.  He  began  sailing  out  of  that  port  on  the  bark  W.  H. 
Pimond  in  i8:ii  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the 
Ihininion. 

Mau/.ey,  Wallace,  Taconia,  Wash.,  agent  of  the  Columbia 
River  &  Puget  Sound  Transportation  Company,  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  marine  business  in  the  Northwest  for  thirty 
years. 

Maxwell,  Walter  B  ,  purser,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  tiorn  in 
Canada  in  |,'S68.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the  Sound  since 
18SS,  serving  on  the  /.  A'.  .llrDonald,  I'lopia  and  other 
steamers. 

May,  Capt.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S48  and  has 
been  engaged  in  the  mariiiC  business  since  he  was  fourteen 
years  of  age.  He  commenced  steaniboating  on  Puget  Sound 
ill  1884  on  the  Willie,  and  for  the  past  few  years  has  been  run- 
ning as  master  of  the  steamer  .Ihtllnomah. 

McArthur,  W.  R.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  third  assistant  engi- 
neer of  steamship  ll'arrinioo. 

McCabe,  William,  stevedore,  Taconia,  Wash. 

McCahall,  Michael,  wharfinger,  Victoria,  B.  C,  has  been 
engaged  in  the  marine  service  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  twenty 
years. 

McCalhim,  John,  engineer,  New  Westminster,  B.  C  ,  was 
horn  in  Ontario  in  1837.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1890, 
fitted  up  the  steamer  Hon  .Uiord.  and  ran  on  her  for  a  short 
time.  He  then  joined  the  steamer  Earlc  of  Vancouver,  and 
was  afterward  on  the  Hrlh'  and  Gladys. 

McCarthy,  John,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1856. 
He  commenced  his  marine  .service  in  1.S81  on  the  steamship 
IValla  Walla.  He  served  on  a  number  of  coasting  steamers  as 
second  and  first  assistant  and  as  chief  of  the  steamer  I'roliclion 
for  a  year.  For  the  past  eighteen  months  he  has  been  chief  of 
the  steamer  Xoyo. 

McCarthy,  Patrick,  second  oflScer  on  'toasting  steamships, 
has  been  engaged  on  the  ( 'osta  A'ira  and  Wrilington  since  18S8. 

McClees,  T.  C,  ship-carpenter,  Ballard,  Wash. 

McClellan,  Anthony,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  com- 
menced steaniboating  in  the  Northwest  in  18S7  on  the  Leonora 
and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  a  number  of  British  Colum- 
bia tugs. 

McClellan,  Samuel,  purser,  Fairhaven,  Wash.,  has  been 
connected  with  the  steamboat  business  since  1S72.  For  the 
past  few  years  lie  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Navi- 
gation Company. 

McClure,  C.  I).,  Portland,  Or.,  lampist  t'nited  States 
Ijglithouse  Department. 

McColgan,  Dennis,  engineer,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1846. 
His  first  marine  work  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was  on  the  tug  Erar- 
less  in  1.S87  on  Coos  Bay.  He  has  since  served  as  chief  of  the 
steamers  I'enlure,  I'oinI  .Irena  and  .Seolia,  ami  as  first  assis- 
tant on  a  number  of  others. 

McConalogue,  James,  engineer.  Port  Townsend,  Wash., 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  iSsii  anil  has  bee.i  engaged  in  the  marine 
business  for  twenty  eight  years.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  on 
the  .SVii  Lion  in  1.S88  and  is  still  remaining  with  her  as  chief 
engineer. 

McConnel,  Stewart,  mate,  Astoria,  Or. 

McConnell,  .Alexander,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  horn 
in  Ireland  in  1869.  He  comiiienccd  steaniboating  in  18S8  on 
the  tug  lu'lle  at  Victoria  and  has  recentlv  been  engaged  on  the 
_/.  E.  Hoyden  at  Seattle. 

McCorkle,  A.  M.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1S53. 
He  began  running  on  Puget  .Sound  in  1874  on  the  steamer 
( 'hehalis.  ami  afterward  served  on  the  steamers  .-iddie.  (  oinel. 
Gem.  J.  /.'.  I.ihby,  l^espahh,  .llida,  .Innie  .Sleicarl.  Oiler  and 
others.     He  is  ai  present  living  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

McCulclieon.  Robert,  steward.  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been 
connected  with  the  A'orl/i  I'aeifie,  Lamina  liayward,  Olympian, 
and  other  Puget  Sound  steamers.  He  was  on  the  Eastern 
Oregon  when  she  burned  at  Olympia. 

McCnIloch,  H.,  mate  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

McCullough,  -Allen,  engineer,  was  born  in  San  I'rancisco 
in  1857.  He  began  his  marine  career  on  the  steamship  Coiima, 
was  afterward  on  the  steamers  Cily  of  Sydney,  Grenada  and 
Wilmington,  ami  tlieii  engaged  ill  tugboating  on  San  F'rancisco 
Bay  and  the  coast  for  three  years.  He  was  next  on  the  steam- 
ship Ate.K'ander,  with  which  he  went  tO  Siberia,  and  on  his 
return  joined  the  steamsdiip  Walla  Walla,  running  with  her  to 
the  Sound  for  three  years.  He  then  went  to  the  tug  A'elief,  on 
which  he  has  been  serving  on  the  Columbia  bar. 

McDonald,  G.  P.,  master  of  coasting  vessels,  was  born  in 
St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  in  1864.  He  has  been  sailing  north 
from  San  Francisco  since  1885. 


I   > 


:  il 


48o 


Lewia  <{  Dryden'a  Marine  Hiatory  of  the  Pacific  Northwtii.i 


McDonald,  Copt.  Henry  H.,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in 
1857-  His  first  marine  work  in  the  Northwest  was  in  the  tug- 
boat service  at  Gray's  Harbor  in  18S3.  From  there  he  went  to 
Fii);et  Sound,  where  he  has  been  connected  with  a  number  of 
steamers,  and  is  at  present  master  of  the  Clan  McPonalil. 

McDonald,  Stephen,  freight  clerk  and  purser,  Portland,  Or, 

McDowdall,  Matthew,  engineer,  Gig  Harbor,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Scotland.  He  commeued  steauiboating  in  the  North- 
west in  1888  on  the  Columbia  River  and  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  steamer  Laurel. 

McDowell,  Samuel  A.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Belfast, 
Ireland.  He  served  an  apprenticeship  at  that  place  and  after- 
ward worked  in  the  Barrow  shipyard  four  years.  He  came  to 
British  Columbia  in  1883,  and,  after  working  ashore  for  three 
years,  joined  the  steamer  Alaskan  on  the  Stickeen  River.  He 
has  since  served  on  the  steamers  Alice,  Spitfiit;  H'cslein  Slope, 
Cariboo  and  Fly,  Telephone,  Saiurna,  Zona,  Ella  IVhile  and 
Senator. 

McParlane,  M.  F.,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 

McFeely,  Charles,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1864. 
He  has  been  euga|^ed  as  thinl  and  second  assistant  on  he 
steamers  Corona,  hureka,  Los  Angeles  and  others.  He  is  at 
present  connected  with  the  Noyo. 

McGirr,  William,  Nanaimo,  B.  C,  purser  of  steamer  Culcli. 

McGraw,  John,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
England  in  1.851.  He  came  to  the  Northwest  in  1888  and  has 
recently  been  engaged  as  chief  of  the  Maude. 

McGregor,  Capt.  A.  H.,  was  born  at  Niagara  Falls  in  i8,>3. 
He  began  sailing  out  of  New  Bedford  on  a  whaler  when  a  boy. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  Three  brothers  in  1874, 
remaining  with  her  for  two  years,  until  she  was  crushed  in  the 
ice  at  Point  Barrow.  He  was  next  on  the  barks  Rainbow,  John 
Ifowland,  Fleeluing  for  one  year  each,  and  the  barks  Ocean, 
Louisa,  Atlantic  for  two  years  each,  having  command  of  the 
latter.  In  1S84  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Steam 
Whaling  Company  on  the  steam  whaler  Orca.  A  year  later  he 
was  given  command  of  the  whaler  Nero,  where  he  remained 
for  three  years,  and  then  took  charge  of  the  Orca,  remaining 
with  her  up  to  the  present  time.  The  vessel  wliile  in  his 
charge  made  the  largest  catch  in  1890  ever  taken  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  the  net  proceeds  of  the  voyage,  after  paying  off  the 
crew,  amounting  to  Ji75,(xx). 

McGrovey,  Thomas,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  has  been 
running  nortii  from  that  port  in  the  steamship  service  since 
1880.     He  has  recently  been  connected  with  the  Farallon. 

McGuire,  E.  T.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
New  Brunswick  in  1.S69.  After  an  experience  of  several  years 
on  tugboats  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  18.S8,  joining  the 
tug  .Ictive  as  second  assistant  He  was  afterward  chief  of  the 
Earle  and  Velos,  going  from  the  latter  steamer  to  the  Empress 
of  Japan,  where  he  worked  as  seventh  assistant  for  a  year  and 
a  half,  then  leaving  her  to  go  on  the  Islander  &\\(\  subsequently 
the  Cutch.     At  present  he  is  chief  of  the  tug  Comet. 

McGuire,  W.  W.,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  in  1S66,  and  has  been  in  the 
marine  business  for  eleven  years.  He  made  one  voyage  to  the 
Arctic  Ocean  on  the  steam  whaler  A'arwiial  from  San  I'ran- 
cisco  and  has  since  been  engaged  on  the  tugs  Lome  and  Hope. 

McGurre,  R.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in  St. 
John's,  New  Brunswick,  in  1841.  His  first  marine  work  was  on 
the  steamer  Hercules,  of  which  he  was  part  owner,  out  of  his 
native  city.  On  coming  to  British  Columbia  he  constructe<l 
the  machinery  for  the  Active,  Nelson  and  several  o.her 
steamers. 

Mclnnes,  James  D.,  engineer.  New  Denver,  B.  C,  was 
born  in  Cape  Breton  in  1S66  and  commenced  his  marine  service 
running  between  Montreal  and  the  West  Indies.  On  coming 
to  Victoria  in  18S8  he  was  engaged  on  the  Cariboo  and  Fly 
and  other  steamers  running  north  from  that  port.  In  1894 
he  was  engineer  on  the  steamer  //'.  /funler,lhe  only  steamer 
on  Slocan  Lake. 

Mcintosh,  Capt.  Daniel  D.,  was  born  in  Scotland.  Twenty- 
seven  of  the  forty-five  years  he  has  spent  on  the  water  have 
been  passed  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  He  built  the  schooner  Cham, 
pion,  the  second  vessel  constructed  at  Port  Blakely.  The 
schooner  Foam  was  the  first  he  was  connected  with  on  this 
coast.  Captain  Mcintosh  is  now  living  at  Victoria,  B.  C, 
where  he  is  still  engaged  in  the  marine  business. 

Mcintosh,  Fred,  steward,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Mcintosh,  John,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Mcintosh,  John  F.,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in 
California  in  1868.  His  first  marine  work  was  on  the  United 
States  steamer  Thetis  in  1889  He  was  afterward  on  the 
steamers  Sehoine  and  Eastern  Oregon,  and  since  then  has 
served  as  third,  second  or  first  assistant  on  the  steamships 
Willamette,  Mexico,  Yaquina,  Laguna,  Arago,  M'hilesboro, 
and  the  tug  Monarch. 


Mcintosh,  Robert,  ship-rigger  and  contractor,  Portland,  Or. 

Mclntyre,  J.  B.,  mate,  was  born  in  Port  Townsend,  Wash., 
in  1868.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the  tugs  IHoneer  m\i.\  Collis 
and  as  second  mate  on  the  City  0/  .Seattle.  He  was  afterward 
on  the  steamships  Wellington  and  .Michigan,  and  for  tlie  past 
three  years  has  been  third  and  second  mate  on  the  steamer 
Costa  Rica. 

McKay,  H.  F.,  purser,  Tncoma,  Wash. 

McKendrick,  Charles,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born 
in  Scotland  in  i86j.  He  served  an  apprenticeship  on  the 
Clyde,  came  to  British  Columbia  in  1890,  and  has  since  been 
engaged  as  first  assistant  on  the  steamers  i'osemite,  /iincess 
Louise,  /slander  and  />aHube,  and  as  chief  engineer  of  the 
steamers  Lyiton  and  Nelson  uii  Kootenai  and  Arrow  lakes. 

McKenzie,  W.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Nova  Scotia  in  1842.  He  served  in  the  Cunard  line  on  the 
Atlantic  for  several  years,  and  in  1884  came  to  the  Pacific 
Coast,  working  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  at  Vale  and 
Kaniloops.  In  1888  he  joined  the  tug  Mamie  as  chief 
engineer,  and  has  since  served  on  the  Skidegate,  lona,  Spratt's 
Ark  and  several  small  steamers. 

McKenzie.  W.  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Michigan  in  1868.  He  served  on  Lake  Huron  until  1889,  when 
he  came  to  Puget  Sound.  He  was  on  the  tug  .Uystic  when  she 
sank  and  has  recently  been  connected  with  the  tug  .llai;ic. 

McKenzie,  William,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

McKumell,  Percy,  first  assistant  engineer  of  steamship 
{Victoria,  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  in  1867,  and  has  been 
in  the  steamship  service  for  twelve  years. 

McLean,  M.  K.,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

McLeod,  J.  M.,  master  mariner,  Nanaimo.  B.  C,  was  horn 
in  Edinburgh  in  1850  and  commenced  going  to  sea  at  the  age 
of  thirteen.  He  spent  two  years  on  a  whaling  expedition  in 
the  Arctic  Ocean  and  was  afterward  in  the  West  Indies.  He 
came  to  (he  Pacific  Coast  in  iSSoand  shortly  went  to  Nanaimo, 
where  he  has  been  tniding  and  hunting  along  the  coast.  He 
owns  and  sails  the  schooner  /loss. 

McLeod,  Robert  M.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
1831.  He  began  his  Northwestern  marine  career  in  1865  on 
the  steamer /«//(!  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia  rivers. 
Since  that  time  he  has  run  on  a  number  of  steamers,  among 
them  being  the  Alida,  Zephyr  and  .Messenger. 

McMahon,  John,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1865.  He  commenced  steamboating  in  the  North- 
west ill  18S9  at  Burrard's  Inlet  and  has  recently  been  connected 
with  the  tug  Mamie. 

McMaster,  Capt.  .\ndrew,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1853. 
He  has  been  running  in  the  deep-water  trade  between  Liverpool 
and  the  Pacific  Coast  for  several  years,  most  of  the  time  in 
command  of  the  shiji  Sierra  Nevada. 

McMaster,  Capt.  George  H.,  Wenalchie,  Wash.,  has  been 
engaged  on  steamers  on  the  upper  Columbia  for  the  pa.st  three 
years  and  is  at  present  pilot  of  the  ( 'ity  of  /illenshurg.  Before 
coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  he  was  engaged  on  the  jilississippi. 
Red  and  other  rivers. 

McMullen,  FMward,  engineer,  was  born  in  Canada  in  1E68 
He  was  engaged  on  steamers  on  the  Great  Lakes  until  1S90, 
when  he  came  to  British  Columbia. 

McMullen,  G.  A.,  master  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash. 

McMullen,  George  A.,  Seattle,  Wash,  master  of  tug  /.ittle 
Ciant,  was  born  in  Canada  in  1863  and  commenced  steamboat- 
ing on  the  Sound  in  1.886. 

McMurty,  Charles,  Stockton,  Cal.,  master  of  steamer /.  I), 
/'eters,  commenced  his  marine  career  with  the  California 
Steam  Navigation  Company  in  1869  as  freight  clerk,  and  for 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  been  master  and  pilot  on  the 
Sacramento  River. 

McNelly,  G.  F.,  Hillsboro,  Or,  was  born  in  England  in 
1863  and  has  been  steamboating  on  the  Willamette  and  Colum- 
bia rivers  since  1S86. 

McNicholas,  J.  M.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
England  and  has  been  coasting  on  the  Pacific  for  fifteen  years. 

McNiven,  Alexander,  engineer,  was  born  in  Cape  Breton 
in  1845.  His  first  marine  experience  was  on  the  Nickerson 
steamship  line  between  Boston  and  New  Orleans.  He  came  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1883  and  was  first  employed  on  the  steamer 
H'oodside,  remaining  there  about  a  year  and  then  going  to  the 
steamer  /.ottie.  He  is  at  present  employed  on  shore  at 
Victoria. 

McPherson,  Charles,  mate,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

McRae,  Capt.  M.  P.,  was  born  in  Canada  in  1858.  He 
sailed  for  twelve  years  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  in  1888  came 
to  the  Pacific  and  joined  the  Sadie  F.  Caller.  He  afterward 
served  as  master  of  the  barkentine  Katie  Flickinger. 

McReavy,  H.  E.,  Jnion  City,  Wash.,  owner  of  steamer 
Violet. 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


48 1 


Mecready,  W.  J.,  eiiRiiiecr,  San  I'ranciiico. 

Meehaii,  ('.,  master  iiiariiiur,  was  born  in  Ireland,  May  i, 
1S45.  He  has  followed  the  sea  since  a  hoy  in  almost  every  part 
of  the  world,  Imt  has  never  lieen  in  an  accident  of  a  serious 
nature.     He  is  at  present  on  the  bark  Oiigoii. 

MehaflTey,  Rol)ert,  eunineer,  was  chief  of  the  Civivii  of 
/ing/diid  until  she  was  wrecked. 

Mellon,  Capt.  II.  A.,  Vancouver,  H.  C.  was  born  in  Kng- 
laud  in  1841.  lie  was  in  active  service  in  the  deep-water  trade 
for  twenty  years.  He  came  to  Vauconver  in  iS,S6  and  repre- 
sents America)',  underwriters  at  that  place. 

Mellon,  Capt.  J.  A.,  Vunia,  Ariz,  was  in  the  coasting;  trade 
in  the  Nortliwcst  many  yei.rs  ago  on    'le  bark  .SVi»«  Miiiill, 

Merrilield,  Capt.  Kdwin,  KvertM,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky iu  1H64.  He  commenced  his  marine  work  at  Seattle  on 
the  tug  /.illy  in  iSS?  and  has  recently  had  charge  of  the 
steamer  MaswI. 

Merrinian,  d.  M.,  engineer,  was  b'^rn  iu  Maine  in  1861  and 
began  going  to  sea  with  his  father  about  1H75.  He  afterward 
served  an  apprenticeship  at  John  Roach's  shipyard  and  came  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  about  iS,S.i.  Iu  iSfi;  he  joined  the  steamship 
Affxiio  us  water-lender,  and  after  she  was  wreckeil  went  to  the 
steamer  Miiiif>osa  as  third  assistant  engineer,  leaving  her  to  go 
as  first  assistant  oil  the  steamer  Ihl  Nuiir.  He afterwaril  filled 
a  similar  position  on  the  steamships  ^tlixandii;  Birlenu  and 
A'lirano,  and  was  then  engaged  with  (leorge  Kiiigsland  in 
placing  the  engines  in  the  fireboat  dovtinoi  Maikham.  He 
then  joined  the  steamer  ( 'irsiciil  (  ilv  as  assistant  engineer,  and 
for  the  past  few  years  has  been  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer 
Noiih  hoik. 

Merriman,  Capt.  I.  H.,  San  I'raucisco,  has  served  on  the 
ships  Onxoii  and  finhd 

Messerle,  John,  engineer,  Umpire  City,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  1S57.  He  began  steamboating  about  fourteen  years  ago 
on  the  tug  Ftaiiiss  as  fireman  and  is  at  present  engineer  on 
the  Government  steamer  CirHcinl  ll'iij;/il. 

Meyers,  M.,  San  Krancisco,  master  of  schooner  .Uodof. 

Meyers,  \V.  H.,  engineer,  was  born  in  I'euusylvania  in  1S22 
and  has  spent  over  fifty  years  iu  the  niarine  service,  commenc- 
ing on  the  steamer  h.v/>irss  on  the  Ohio  Kivir  iu  1S40.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  iu  1S53  and  began  running  on  the 
Sacraiuento  River  steamer  Urihhi,  He  remained  on  steamers 
on  that  river  until  1858,  when  he  joined  the  steamship  Sanln 
( 'rit::,  leaving  her  at  Whatcom  to  go  to  the  h'raser  River  mines, 
where  he  remained  for  over  a  year.  On  returning  toSau  Fran- 
cisco he  joined  the  steamer  AV/z/.vr  and  subse(|ueutly  the  Quct'n 
( 'ily,  which  he  left  in  i860  to  go  to  the  Nevada  silver  mines, 
where  he  remained  but  a  short  time  and  again  returned  to  the 
water,  this  time  running  on  the  San  Joaquin  River.  Altogether 
he  was  iu  the  employ  of  the  California  Steam  Navigation  Com- 
pany for  ten  years,  leaving  them  to  enter  the  ferry  .service  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Several  years  later  he  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Stockton  Iniproveuienl  Company,  running  as  chief 
engineer  on  their  steamers  for  five  years.  In  1.S91  he  chartered 
the  tug  (•'invriior.Sloiifinnn,  which  he  oi)erated  until  November, 
1S94.     Since  that  time  he  has  been  employed  on  the  ferries. 

Miller,  It.  L.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Port  Ciainble,  Wash., 
in  1871.  His  first  marine  work  was  on  the  /tliilio.  running  to 
Alaska. 

Miller,  C,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1.S55  and  commenced  his  marine  service  on  the  Ilaltic  Sea. 
He  came  to  the  Pacific  Co.ist  in  1SM6,  serving  for  eight  years  as 
second  mate  and  mate  on  the  bark  ilis/<ii .  I'or  the  past  six 
years  he  has  been  mate  on  the  .S".  .\'.  ( \islh\ 

Miller,  David  N.,  engineer,  San  I'raucisco. 

Miller,  Capt.  I'.,  was  born  in  California  in  i860.  He  began 
sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  18S7  on  the  ship  Undttitttlrti, 
and  for  the  past  three  years  has  been  master  of  the  steamer 
( 'Icoiic. 

Miller,  Fred,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1858  and  has  lieen  coasting  out  of  San  I'laucisco  since  18S4. 

Miller,  Herman  C,  mate,  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
since  1S72,  but  has  followeil  the  water  but  little.  .\\.  present  he 
is  connected  with  the  life-saving  station  at  I'mpcpia,  Or. 

Miller,  John  II.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels.  Port  Towuseud, 
Wash. 

Milligan,  A.  C,  Taconia,  Wash.,  engineer  of  dredge 
AiiaconJii. 

Milne,  William,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  tenth  assistant  engineer 
of  steamship  limfiirss  of  India. 

Miner,  James  I.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Minisli,  Joseph,  chief  engineer,  San  I'raucisco,  has  been 
engaged  in  the  marine  business  out  of  that  port  since  1S68. 

Mitchell,  l".  H.,  master  and  pilot,  PIverett,  Wash 

Mitchell,  Capt.  John  R.,  was  born  iu  Scotland  in  1832  and 
began  sailing  on  the  Atlantic,     He  came  to  San  Fraucisco  in 


1867  and  soon  aflerwaril  took  charge  of  the  schooner  H'ild 
/Igioii  in  the  coasting  lumber  trade.  After  leaving  her  be 
spent  some  fifteen  years  in  the  Japan  and  Chile  trade,  and  in 
1884  returned  to  Tacoma,  where  he  took  the  position  of  8econ<l 
officer  on  the  old  bark  .S'diiiosti,  He  went  to  Port  Madison 
with  Captain  Reed  to  build  the  schooner  /'iiiiliiii,  and  has 
u'c  remaiueil  iu  the  mill  there. 
Mitchell,  Capt.  S.  C,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Washington  in  1864. 
He  has  been  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  for  twelve  years  in 
the  trade  between  that  city,  Gray's  Harbor,  Shoalwater  Bay 
and  the  Columbia  River.  I'or  the  past  three  years  he  has  been 
master  of  the  schooner  Oriinl, 

Mitchell,  'r,  G.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Hngland  in  1.S52 
and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  for  twenty  years. 
His  first  work  in  the  Northwest  was  on  the  tug  I'ionnr  in  1883. 
I'or  several  years  past  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Navigation  Company  on  the  steamer  /^fmiii; 

Mocine,  John  C,  engineer,  Cosmopolis,  Wash.,  has  been 
engaged  on  the  steamer  Jlfoiilf.soiio  most  of  the  time  since 
coming  to  the  harbor  in  1891. 

Moffat,  Thomas,  engineer,  Victoria,  H.  C. 

Monily,  W.  H.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or.,  commenced 
steamboating  on  the  ll'fslfiorl  in  1878.  He  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  Iralda,  and  on  the  Vancouver  ferry. 

Monk,  Capt.  A.,  Vancouver,  It  C,  was  born  in  New- 
foundland in  1S65  ami  commeuceil  hi>  marine  career  at  the  age 
of  sixteen.     He  is  at  present  engaged  on  the  steamer  l.tonoro. 

Monroe,  George  E.,  mate,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1S52. 
He  began  his  marine  career  when  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age 
on  the  ship  ll'r/islti;  between  New  York  and  San  Francisco. 
After  following  his  business  iu  almost  every  part  of  the  world, 
he  came  to  San  Francisco  in  1884.  He  is  at  pre.sent  on  the 
Undiiiinlcd. 

Monroe,  Joseph  A,,  master  of  steam  lerrv-boi-it  (ilv  of 
Si-ollh-. 

Montgomery,  R.,  Portland,  Or.,  engineer  of  steamer 
Engine. 

Mootly,  Capt.  Charles,  Vancouver,  li.  C,  was  bom  in  New- 
foundland in  186S  and  came  to  Hritish  Columbia  in  1S90.  He 
was  first  on  the  steamer  /.t'onora,  was  master  of  the  Skidtgule 
for  about  two  years,  and  has  recently  taken  command  of  the 
steamer  I  'oino.v. 

Moon,  Charles  L.,  Marshfield,  Or.,  was  born  in  Kansas  in 
1865  and  has  been  steamboating  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  nine 
years. 

Moorcroft,  Albert,  Vancouver,  R.  C,  ninth  assistant  engi- 
neer of  steaiuship  Em/»iss  if  China. 

Moore,  George,  eiigiiiuer,  Vancouver,  \\.  C. 

Moore.  Capt.  J.  Iv.,  was  born  iu  Maine  iu  1S60  and  went  to 
sea  when  he  was  fourteen  years  old.  For  seven  years  he 
cruiiied  around  the  world.  He  came  to  I'tsalady  in  18S0  and 
for  several  years  was  iu  the  employ  of  the  Piiget  Alill  Coiii])any, 
after  which  he  organized  the  Chinook  Doom  Company.  Most 
of  his  steainboating  has  been  as  captain  of  the  .  //  A7,  of  which 
he  is  half  owner. 

Moore,  William,  mate,  .Se.ittle,  Wash. 

Moraii,  Robert,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1S57  and  arrived 
in  Seattle  in  1875. 

Moraii,  Thomas,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Morck,  .\.  H.,  mate,  Port  Madison,  Wash. 

Morck,  I''.  A.,  has  served  as  purser  on  the  steamers  .Uas- 
ivll,  V'razrlii;  Liicra  .l/ason  and  nhvood. 

Jlorck,  William,  engineer,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Moreiie,  Ivlgar,  .San  Francisco,  master  of  schooner  I'olnn- 
Ic'i'r,  ruiiiiing  in  the  coasting  trade. 

Morgan,  Flislia,  mate,  Port  Towuseud,  Wash.,  is  at  present 
third  ollicer  on  steamship  (  osla  A'/ck. 

Morley,  Frank,  master  and  pilot.  Sail  Francisco,  has  been 
connected  with  a  number  of  well  known  coast  steamships  and 
was  for  several  years  employed  on  steamers  011  Puget  Sound. 

Morrison,  Capt.  li.  II.,  .San  Francisco,  has  been  sailing  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  for  twenty-five  years. 

Morrison,  George,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Minnesota  iu  1S64  and  came  to  Puget  Sound  iu  1882.  He  has 
been  engaged  011  the  JCinma  //ayuiiid,  FliYl:cood,  iXoil/i 
Pacific,  Eliza  .Indcrson,  and  a  number  of  other  well  known 
steamers. 

Morrison,  Capt.  H.  H.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Mich- 
igan in  1863.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  in 
1888  and  has  been  interested  in  the  tugs  .Magic,  .Wyslic  and 
.\/ascol. 

Morri.ssey,  Capt.  W.  S.,  Port  Angeles,  Wash.,  was  born  ill 
Massachu.setts  in  1843.  His  marine  business  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  has  been  mostly  iu  the  fishing  trade  to  the  Okhotsk  Sea 


HI 


I' 

1; 


'§■ 


48a 


Lewis  (f  Drydena  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


mill  tile  Cli»iinm){iii  IsIiiikIh,  wlii-re  liv  saili^l  the  iicliooiiera 
/t(/fc  nnil  Ihisliinir  li'mc. 

Morse,  Ciipt.  C.  C.  wn8  born  in  Until,  Me.,  in  1H44.  He 
coMinu'iice<l  nailinK  on  the  I'ncilic  Const  willi  llie  sliip  6V(i;x'<'  F. 
Manson  m  1.SS5,  hikI  after  two  years  took  clmrKe  of  the  ship 
( '.  F.  Sargiiil,  where  he  rrninlned  for  a  siniilnr  len^lli  of  lime. 
He  tlien  purchRiieil  an  interest  in  the  ship  OciiilcHliil,  whieli  he 
roninmniied  nntil  a  few  months  h^o,  when  he  relnrneil  to  the 
Sinxt'nt,  of  which  lie  is  j)nrt  owner. 

Morse,  l''raiik  W.,  first  mate  of  ship  tyriis  ll'akijielil  m  the 
coasting  traile. 

Mortensen,  I,.,  shipbuilder,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Moss,  .Mliert,  mate  and  second  male,  has  been  coastin); 
ont  of  San  Francisco  since  1879. 

Moiidy,  W.  !!.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  Wash. 

Mnir,  A.  C.  engineer.  Ivsi|uiiiia1t,  II.  C,  was  born  in  Scot- 
land in  1.S45.  He  came  to  Victoria  in  iH?!)  and  began  rnnninK 
as  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  I'ilcl.  In  I.S77  he  wa.s 
agipointed  chief  engineer  at  the  Ksi|iiinialt  dryilock,  and  has 
remained  in  that  position  since.  Hefore  coming  to  the  Pacific 
Coast  he  had  considerable  experience  as  a  marine  engineer 
.sailing  out  of  Hull  and  (ilasgow. 

Muller,  William,  ship-carpenter,  Newport,  Or. 

Mnltlianf,  Jacob,  engineer,  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
in  iSj^.  lie  commenced  steamboating  in  the  Norlhwesi  as 
deckhand  on  the  ll'c/idiiii'  in  1S7S,  and  was  afterwanl  fireman 
on  the  .7.  W.  .)/i(  'nlly  and  second  as.sistaut  on  the  John 
(ni/t'S.  Ilewastlieti  chief  engineer  of  tliesteainers  /'.  A'.  A'rtXv/', 
.Umola,  ll'i>iic/ti;  Cily  0/  Salfiii,  V'/i  irf  Sis/cis  am\  William 
M.  lliHtf',  being  connected  with  the  latter  at  the  present  time. 

Mnnsou,  Capt.  C.  II.,  was  born  in  Olympia,  Wash.,  in 
1867,  and  began  steamboating  on  the  Faniiv  l.ake  on  I'uget 
Sound  in  1884. 

Munson,  John  K.,  engineer,  Kirkland,  Wash. 

Mnnzel,  A  ,  unite,  was  born  in  Oermany  in  1S65.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1888  and  has  been  running  on  the 
Sound  and  Coos  Hay  since  as  mate  and  second  mate,  holding 
the  latter  position  on  the  steamer  A'oyo  at  the  present  time. 

Murcbison,  Capt.  A.  T.,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  was  born 
in  Illinois  in  1863  and  commenced  his  marine  service  in  1881 
on  the  propeller  /./'//ion  the  I'raser  River.  He  was  afterward 
I  1  the  tugs  />'(■//('  and  il'esliiiiiisler,  and  then  took  command  of 
the  tug  /iiiniiii  for  a  year,  subse(iueiitly  running  as  master  of 
the  llflh\  Ai'r;  and  Cornel.  He  remaiiU'd  with  the  /)'(//<'  four 
years  anil  is  still  in  charge  of  the  (  oiiirl. 

Mnrchison,  P.  S.,  master  of  schooner  Fantty  .-li/t'lr,  was 
born  on  Prince  Edward  Island  in  1867  and  has  run  .is  mate 
and  ina-ster  on  a  number  of  well  knov. n  coasting  vessels. 

Murphy,  Capt  Thomas,  was  born  in  St.  John's,  New 
Bri'nswick,  in  1S45.  He  s.iiled  on  the  Kastern  coast  until 
187 1,  when  he  came  to  San  I-raucisco  via  Hongkong  and  from 
there  to  I'uget  Sound.  He  began  running  as  deckhanil  on  the 
steamer  t  'Iwhalis,  was  afterward  on  the  Fanny  Art/vand  Xfllir, 
and  ran  the  steam  launch  flyaik  for  nine  years.  He  is  at 
present  living  at  Port  (lauible.  Wash. 

Murray,  J.  I).,  mate,  .Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Kansas 
and  commenced  sleamlioating  in  the  Northwest  on  I'uget 
Sound  in  18.S6. 

Murray.  William,  steward,  Portland,  Or. 

Mylius,  C.  N.,  shipbuilder,  Vancouver,  11.  C. 

Nadeau,  I.uke  C,  steward,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Nagler.  C.  I'".,  Seattle,  Wash.,  master  of  tug  MayJIowrr. 

Niigler,  Capt.  Charles  V.,  was  born  ill  Ciermany  in  |8.';5 
and  lias  been  steamboating  011  Pnget  Sound  since  1H83.  He 
began  on  the  Mi'ssiiii^cr  aurl  has  since  served  in  dilTerent 
capacities  on  the  Snsir,  I'aisy.  (ily  of  (Jiiiiuv,  llasliiiiQloii, 
W.  K.  M.nciii,  Fcimlali:  ./.  R.  MtlhmaUL  Faiiiiairii,  Flirl- 
jvooil,  Fanny  Lake,  Idaho  and  a  number  of  others. 

Neill,  Thomas  F.,  bar  pilot,  .-Astoria,  Or. 

Neilson,  Thomas,  master  of  tug  /^omir,  was  born  in  Nor- 
way in  1S61  and  coiniuenced  his  marine  service  on  the  tug 
//olyoke  in   1883. 

Nelson,  I-Mward,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  1851.  He  has  been  running  on  the  P.icific  Coast 
since  1887  and  for  the  past  five  years  has  been  on  the  ship 
('oliiin/iia. 

Nelson,  Frank,  steward,  San  F'rancisco. 

Nelson,  Horatio,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Christiana,  Norway.  He  has  been  serving  on  Puget  Sound 
since  1887  on  the  steamers  /lrs/>alih,  A'lislli'i;  (/aiiaml,  Union, 
Moffnl,  Pisfovcry,  Alert  and  others. 

Nelson,  John  C,  engineer.  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  is  a 
native  of  Norway  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  Walla 
Walla  in  1881.  In  1886  he  was  engineer  on  the  Puget  Sound 
steamers  Cclilo,  Qniin  Cily  and  Virginia,  was  afterward  on  the 


A.  ./.  Perry,  .San  Juan,  Fanny  l.ake,  .Uldie,  .Masliek  and 
Jou'/i/iine  UH  chief  engineer,  and  on  the  tugs  /Vcz/rc;  and  .Sen 
/.ion  as  first  assistant.  He  has  recently  been  cngageil  as 
engineer  on  the  tug  .llerl. 

Nelson,  Capt.  I,.  A.,  was  born  ill  Sweden  in  iS,s8  and  came  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1882.  He  was  first  engaged  (ni  the  l>ai\y 
A'o;i'i\  anil  has  since  had  ciimm.ind  of  the  Ceean  .S/tray,  (  orin- 
Ihian  and  Fledrie.  I'or  the  past  five  years  he  has  been  master 
of  the  schooner  Hoholink. 

Nelson,  N.  H.,  male  ami  secoml  male,  San  Francisco. 

Nelson.  ()..  ma.ster  of  schooner  Arlhnr  I ,  has  been  sail- 
ing on  the  I'acific  Coast  since  1888. 

Nelson,  P.,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Nelson,  S.,  master  ami  pilot,  llallanl.  Wash. 

Nelson,  Thoma.s,  mate,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1884 
and  has  run  as  mate  on  coasting  vessels  since.  At  present  he 
is  on  the  schooner  /.  A',  /.eech. 

Newcomb,  J.  M.,  mate,  Nanainio,  It.  C. 

Newconibe,  H.,  Nanainio,  H.  C  ,  master  of  steamer  Culeh, 
was  born  in  New  llrnnswick  in  1859  and  was  ill  the  ileepwater 
service  for  several  years,  He  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  in  1889 
and  commenced  running  on  the  steamer  .Mamie. 

Newcoinlie,  Capt,  J.  It.,  Vancouver,  II.  C,  was  born  in  New 
Drnnswlck  in  184s  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  service 
for  thirty-three  years.     He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1.8,89. 

Newhall,  James,  male,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Newhall,  Capt.  William,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1.830  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  for  nearly 
fifty  years.  He  commenced  on  I'lgi-t  Sound  with  the  steamer 
Siieee>,s,  with  which  he  is  still  coimected. 

Newliug,  O,,  steward,  Vancouver,  II.  C. 

Newman,  Henry  W..  engineer,  Snohomish,  Wash,,  was 
born  in  New  Vork  City  in  1859.  He  has  been  steamboating  on 
I'uget  Sound  since  1S85  on  the  Evangel,  (  ascailes,  .May  Queen, 
Glide  and  others. 

1'.,   mate  and   second    mate  on   coasting 


H. 


Nicholson 
vessels. 

Nickels,  Capt 
Nickels,   Capt 


.\lbert  N.,  Port  Hlakely,  Wash. 
F.  A.,  was  born  ill  Maine  in  1S3S.  He 
began  sailing  on  the  I'acific  Coast  about  1S60,  leaving  deep 
water  in  1876  to  engage  in  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound.  His 
first  vessel  was  the  tug  Katie,  and  he  was  afterward  master  of 
several  tugboats  on  the  Sound,  his  last  command  being  the 
Tacoma. 

Nickerson.  Capt.  Alon/.o,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  born  ill  Fast- 
port,  Me.  He  followed  the  sea  for  nearly  thirty  years  before 
coming  to  Victoria  in  18S9,  and  has  since  been  engaged  on  the 
Thiille,  .Sardony.v,  Farlc  and  other  British  Columbia  steamers. 

Nielsen,  Peter,  master  ami  pilot,  wjis  born  in  Denmark. 
He  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  in  1,863  and  joined  the  barkeutine 
Jane  .-/.  Fatkenherg,  making  two  trips  to  the  Columbia  River. 
He  then  made  three  trips  to  Port  ("lainble  on  the  bark  Torrent. 
FVoin  1866  to  i86y  be  ran  various  small  vessels  on  the  Sacra- 
mento River,  then  took  charge  of  the  schooner  Oweola,  rnii- 
ning  coastwise,  for  a  year,  anil  then  went  back  to  the  river. 
He  ran  as  master  of  the  schooners  Helen,  I.elina  and  .Mary 
F.  h'uss  coastwise  nntil  1887,  when  be  began  tiigboating  on 
San  Diego  Bay,  and  since  then  has  been  in  that  business  in  the 
harbors  of  San  Pedro,  San  Francisco  and  .Maska. 

Nielson,  Capt.  Anton,  Seattle,  Wash  ,  was  born  in  Norway 
in  1849.  He  has  been  engaged  ill  the  marine  business  for 
thirty  years,  fifteen  of  which  he  spent  as  master  of  sailing  ves- 
sels in  various  jiarts  of  the  world.  He  came  to  Pnget  Sound  in 
1,887  and  was  employed  on  the  tug  .Mogul,  afterward  serving  a 
couple  of  years  on  Columbia  River  steamers.  When  tlie 
General  (an/iy  was  taken  to  the  Sound,  Captain  Niel.son  joined 
her  as  mate. 

Nissen,  Capt.  II.,  was  born  in  Penn.sylvania  in  1S58  and 
commenced  marine  service  on  the  .Atlantic  Coast.  He  came  to 
the  Pacific  in  1.S80.  his  fir  coinmaiid  being  the  Hawaiian 
.schoonerycwHj'  Walker  m  tin-  South  Seas.  He  afterward  sailed 
a  number  of  vessels  in  the  Hawaiian  trade  and  for  the  past  five 
years  has  conimanded  the  barkeutine  Mary  Winklt'man, 
engaged  ill  the  coasting  and  island  trade. 

Niven,  James,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Scot- 
land in  1867.  He  served  an  apjirenticesliip  of  five  years  in  his 
native  country  and  then  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  running  for 
three  years  as  second  assistant  on  the  steamsbi])  Farlhia  and  as 
first  assistant  on  the  llataiia.  He  has  also  been  connected 
with  the  /.slander  and  other  British  Columbia  steamers. 

Nordeman,  A.,  mate  and  second  mate  on  coasting  vessels. 

Norman,  Harry,  mate.  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Norway 
in  18,^2.  He  has  been  running  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1878, 
most  of  the  time  on  Pnget  Sound  and  Victoria  steamers. 

Norwin,  Capt.  H.  H.,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1,860. 
He  came   to  San    Francisco  on   the   bark   .Atlantic  in    1881, 


the 

Xorl 
Wet 
the  I 


0| 
ill  Ne 
in  18s 
servic 
1872, 
retirei 
(I 
He  h, 
ning  < 

O 
in  i,S6 

or 

the    if 

schooil 
nnnibj 
and  tu 
the  piJ 
and  riJ 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


483 


i„   iS.s.S  ami 

He  came  to 

lliL'  Hawaiian 

erwaril  sailed 

Uu'  past  five 

ll'iidliiiiiiii. 


retiiiiineil  with  lier  n  year,  hiuI  tlieii  JDiiipil  the  wlialer  /uluanl 
M.  liiiikir,  K'aviti);  her  ill  a  lew  iiiontliH  lo  enter  tlie  eiiipUiy  of 
the  I'acitie  Steaiii  Whaling  Coinpaiiv.  He  spent  a  year  ini  eaeli 
of  tile  steamers  /lnu'liidil,  ISieleihi,  'I'hui^lui  aw\  CViVf,  ami  two 
years  on  tlic  steam  whaler  Nnnchal.  He  llicii  took  rnmiiiami 
of  the  steamer  (iiiuiif>ii\  f<ir  a  ornise  of  nineteen  inontlis, 
■  hiriiiK  which  he  entereil  the  Mackenzie  Kiver.  On  retiirninn 
to  San  l''raiicisco  he  took  tile  sleamer  Ihrleiut,  witli  whidi  he 
»ii;'.ereil  in  the  Mncken/ie  River.  Captain  Norwin  penetrated 
farllier  into  the  Arctic  Ocean  than  any  steamer  hail  yet  been, 
openiiiK  np  a  new  fiehl  of  considerable  extent  for  the  whaliiiK 
industry. 

Nutian,  Thomas,  shipliuilder,  Coiipeville,  Wash.,  was  horn 
in  Ireland  in  lS.|()aiid  learned  his  trade  in  New  Sonlli  Wales. 
He  arrived  at  I'lirt  lownseiid  in  the  fall  of  iS'iy.  lie  went  to 
Seattle  ahonl  iS7y  and  shortly  afterward  formed  a  partnership 
with  Jonathan  Milcliell.  They  have  constructed  several  well 
known  steamers. 

Nnte,  Charles  H.,  enj!iiieer,  was  horn  ill  Boston,  Mass..  in 
iSv>.  lie  commenced  his  marine  caieer  in  the  Northwest  in 
1.S7.S  on  the  Wiili-  Wiil,  ami  has  since  served  on  the  WilUimilli- 
I'liir/,  Miilliii'iiiah,  Slurk  Slieit  t'cny,  //dssa/o,  Pixir 
Tliomf>soii,  //ill  lit/  Oiiifii,  and  other  steamers  of  the  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navi>;alion  Company. 

Nylund,  Cajit.  Ctustaf,  Marshfield,  Or,  was  horn  in  I'Miiland 
in  1.S55  anil  conimeiiced  his  marine  service  on  the  Atlantic  in 
1S75.  Ill  iH.Sj  he  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  and  was  for  a  short 
time  on  the  steamer  I'oitiin:  He  remained  ashore  several 
years  and  a  short  time  a^o  took  comniaii<l  of  the  schooner 
(•'till  nil  Sigliii,  of  which  he  is  part  owner. 

Oakes,  Waller,  Tacoina,  Wash.,  superintendent  of  the 
I'uget  Souiiil  tt  Alaska  Steanisliip  Company. 

Oherg,  Charles,  male,  Victoria,  li.  C,  was  horn  ill  Sweden 
in  i.S6,5.  lie  liashcen  eiiKaned  on  a  miniherof  British  Columhia 
steamers  and  also  on  the  .Ix'ties  .^/i l)i»iiil<l  and  .\/aggir  .l/tu: 
At  present  he  is  employed  in  the  coasting  lumber  trade. 

Oberg,  Vred,  mate,  Astoria,  Or.,  began  sailing  out  of  San 
Krancisco  in  1S75.  I'or  the  past  ten  years  he  has  not  been 
engaged  in  the  marine  business. 

O'Connor,  Arthur,  steward  on  sailing  vessels,  San  I'raii- 
cisco. 

O'Connor,  Capt.  J.  C,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1S46.  He 
began  steaniboating  on  l<ake  Washington  in  1874  on  the  stern- 
wheeler  C/ii/ui/is  and  is  at  present  running  on  the  steamer 
A'ii//iiriiit: 

O'Donnell,  W.  H.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1S56  ami  has  served  as  chief  engineer  on  a  nuniber  of  tugboats 
ill  the  ICast.  He  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast  in  i.S.Sy  as  third 
.assistant  on  the  tug  I'ii;i7,iii/.  He  reinained  with  her  for  a 
short  time  and  then  went  to  the  tugs  ^l/ei/  and  Kcliaiice  as 
chief  engineer,  .serving  on  them  for  five  years  and  then  joining 
the  steamer  Sunn/  in  the  same  capacity. 

Oeser,  Hugene,  iiuarterinaster,  Victoria,  II.  C. 

Olesen,  Capt.  .\.,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S61  and  came  to 
the  I'acific  Coast  in  iS.So.  He  was  master  of  the  barkentine 
A'ini/i  /tnui  in  1S87  and  also  served  as  master  of  the  schooners 
H'ch/iiof,  (hiiiil  Ani\  i'li/iiiitiyr.  At  present  he  is  in  charge  of 
the  barkentine  ( '.  ( '.  /■'uiik. 

Olesen,  Capt.  C.  R.,  was  horn  in  Norway  in  1S49.  He  has 
been  sailing  on  the  I'acific  Coast  since  1S72  and  recently  was 
appointed  master  of  the  schooner  .\/iiiilui  Tii/l. 

Olesen,  Thomas,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  18,53  and  has  been  sailing  out  of  San  I'rancisco  since 
1S7S,  most  of  the  time  on  lumber  schooners. 

Oleson,  K.,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Oleson,  Edward,  male  on  sailing  vessels,  San  l-'rancisco. 

Oliphant,  John  C,  steamboat  agent,  Portland,  Or. 

Oliver,  Jacob,  steward,  San  I''ranci.sco. 

Oliver,  Capt.  Nelson  T.,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  horn 
in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  in  1.S33.  He  came  to  the  I'acific  Coast 
in  icS.sg  on  the  hark  Coral  anil  was  afterward  in  the  whaling 
service  for  several  years.  He  located  at  Port  Townsend  in 
1.S72,  where  he  engaged  in  piloting  for  several  years.  He 
retired  a  short  time  ago  and  has  since  been  living  ashore. 

Oliver,  W.  II.,  engineer,  was  born  at  Port  Huron,  Mich. 
He  has  been  steaniboating  on  I'uget  Sound  since  1SS6,  begin- 
ning on  the  /ulilli  011  Lake  Washington. 

Olsen,  A.  H. ,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Norway 
in  1S63  and  has  been  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  since  1S79. 

Olsen,  Capt.  H.,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1S65  and  came  to 
the  I'acific  COa.st  in  18S3.  He  was  first  engaged  on  the 
schooner  /.  A',  /.icd.i,  and  then  as  mate  ami  carpenter  on  a 
nuniber  of  coasting  vessels  until  iSgi,  when  he  went  to  Alaska 
and  took  charge  of  the  steamer  /iaraiioff,  which  he  has  run  for 
the  past  few  seasons,  returning  to  Sau  Krancisco  in  the  winter 
and  running  on  coasting  steamships. 


Olsen,  Capt.  I'rcd,  Newport,  Or.,  was  born  in  Sweden  ill 
I.S3S  and  iiegan  coasting  in  iHAi  between  San  I'rancisco  and 
northern  ports.  He  remaineil  in  the  business  abmil  twelve 
years  and  was  tpiite  successful,  but  retired  several  years  ago. 

Olsen,  I..,  mate  on  sailing  vessels. 

Ol.seii,  Capt.  M.,  was  lairn  in  Norway  in  1849  and  began 
deep-water  sailing  in  various  jiarls  of  the  world  before  coming 
to  the  I'acific  Coast  in  iSfiy.  After  his  arrival  he  went  as  mate 
on  the  schooner  Xkhcuv.  coasting  between  Humboldl,  Cuos 
Hay  and  the  Sound.  Ill  1879  he  became  master  of  the  schooner 
H ii'ii III ,  and  has  since  held  a  similar  position  on  the  /.iiiiir 
Tlicliii,  iXitfia  (  i/y,  /vaiilioi\  /.iiiira  .War,  .liiiclliys/  ami  .Wary 
dilheii.  I'or  the  past  year  he  has  been  master  of  the  schooner 
.llhioii, 

Olsen,  Capt.  Mathias,  Oakland,  Cal.,  was  born  in  Norway 
ill  1850  and  has  been  riiniiing  coastwise  since  1872.  He  was 
first  on  the  brig  A'olna,  and  has  since  served  as  master  of  the 
schooners  I'liiiis,  .ll/ieil,  .Iniiir  (/ir  and  A".  It^,  /larllell,  atill 
being  in  coininand  of  the  latter. 

Olsen,  Capt.  O.  T.,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1860.  His  first 
inariiie  experience  was  as  a  seaman  on  the  Miiglisli  coast.  He 
came  to  ,Saii  l''raiicisco  in  18.S3  and  has  been  sailing  in  the 
northern  trade  most  of  the  time  since.  He  was  for  five  years 
master  of  the  schooner  HmsU'  A'li'w,  and  for  the  past  few  yeara 
has  hail  coininand  of  the  schooner  />iiisy  A'mre. 

Olsen,  Olof,  mate,  San  h'rancisco. 

Olsen,  Peter,  San  Francisco,  male  on  steamer  Siinol. 

Olsen,  William,  male.  San  Francisco,  has  been  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  since  1879.  He  was  ill  the  sealing  traile  for  two 
or  three  seasons  and  in  1893  was  male  on  the  Cnqiiillain  when 
she  was  seized. 

Olson,  .\.  L.,  steamship  mate,  was  born  in  Sweden  in 
185S.  He  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Sleaiii- 
ship  Company  on  their  steamers  since  1878  and  has  recently 
been  engaged  on  the  .  //  AV. 

Olson,  Capt.  J.  p.,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1840.  He  has 
been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1888  and  has  recently 
had  command  of  the  steamer  Alcalde. 

Olson,  William  V.  ,San  I'rancisco,  master  of  schooner  Ceiii. 

O'Niel,  James,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1862  and  began  steaniboating  on  the  Sound  in  1878  on  the 
Yakima.  He  has  run  on  a  nuniber  of  well  known  Sound 
steamers  and  has  also  been  on  the  steamships  I/aytian  A't'/tiiblir 
and  ll'iliiiiiixloii.  He  has  recently  been  employed  on  the 
steamer  /dalio. 

Ollimer,  George,  slewaril,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Otis,  D.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Minnesota  in  1,864.  On 
coming  to  the  I'acific  Coast  he  joineil  the  steamship  I'ictoria, 
where  lie  remained  for  two  years  and  a  half.  He  was  also  ou 
the  Slalf  of  (  alifoiiiia  and  Neuheni  and  then  made  a  trip  to 
.Alaska  as  first  oiiicer  on  the  steamer  />ora.  On  his  return  he 
joineil  the  A'in'c  as  tirst  assistant,  going  from  her  to  the  It  alia 
Walla,  where  he  ran  for  a  year  as  third  assistant.  He  was 
next  on  the  steamer  I'ilyo/'  'fofycka  as  first  assistant  for  two 
years,  and  was  afterward  011  the  (rrsifiit  lily  and  U'liilrshoro, 
still  being  connected  with  the  latter. 

Olt,  O.  W.,  master  and  pilot.  Sail  Francisco,  has  run  in 
the  Northwesl  as  seaman  on  the  Uri.:aha  and  I.illle  (  ali/'oriiia, 

Overton,  Daniel  W.,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or. 

Owens,  P.,  engineer,  San  I'rancisco. 

Owens,  R.  J.,  steward  on  I'nited  Slates  steamer  Coliiiiihiiif. 

Packard,  H.  I",  pilot  commissioner,  Astoria,  Or. 

Packwood,  William,  engineer,  was  horn  in  Olympia. 
Wash.,  in  1857.  He  began  his  marine  service  in  1.S79  as  fire- 
man on  the  steam  schooner  Oiia,  and  was  afterward  on  the 
steamers  /ulilli,  /'carl,  /.oiii-  Fislierman,  /'.diia,  .^kaait  C/iivf, 
/•'liza  .•hidrrsoii,  and  oilier  well  known  Sound  vessels.  lie 
was  fi>r  a  short  lime  on  the  steamship  A'nireiiau;  and  also 
served  for  a  few  moiilhs  as  first  assistant  on  the  .Wiiikiiiaw. 

Pafinfos,  Robert,  male  and  second  mate,  San  I'rancisco. 

Page,  James,  mate,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1S48  and  was 
connected  with  sailing  vessels  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  for 
eighteen  years.  His  first  work  on  coming  to  the  I'acific  Coast 
was  on  the  tug  X  A.  .Wasliik.  He  has  also  been  eiigage<l  on 
the  steamers  (,'oliali,  A'alir,  /bonier  and  Taioma,  still  being 
connected  with  the  latter. 

Panhorst,  Henry,  male,  was  born  in  San  Francisco  in  1S71. 
He  has  been  engaged  as  mate  on  the  .Wodor  and  /'iiioli;  of 
which  his  father  was  master. 

Paipiet,  Peter,  was  born  in  St.  I.ouis,  JIo.,  January  13,  1839, 
and  came  to  Oregon  in  1852.  In  1S61  he  began  his  trade  of 
boathuilding,  which  he  had  learned  from  his  father.  He  fol- 
lowed it  until  1866,  when  he  went  to  the  sawmill  business  for 
three  years. 

Parker,  1''.  S.,  master  mariner,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1830. 
He  began  sailing  on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  and  has  visited  almost 


I 


484 


Lewis  4  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


every  piirt  of  tlie  world,  ImviiiK  followed  liit  rallliiK  >»  every 
counlry  exce|>t  I'mnce  niiil  AInHka.  lie  bexiiii  on  the  I'licilK' 
Coant  III  |S68  lit  Sun  FraiicUco.  DiiriiiK  l>iii  fifty  two  ycurit  in 
tile  marine  InisiiicHii,  he  hax  been  in  a  iiniiilier  of  acciileiitii,  lint 
none  of  a  Norious  nature.  Captain  Parker  i»  at  iireHenl  on  the 
ship  Oiiiii/iit,  anil  iiiakeH  IiIh  home  in  San  I''ranciHei>. 

J'arker,  Henry  A.,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash.,  wan  horn  in  Maine 
in  18A6.  lie  haa  been  HteainhoatiiiK  on  the  Sound  aitire  iSSi, 
and  recently  has  been  connected  with  the  ./.  A'.  Kohinson. 

I'arker,  Capt.  J.  11.,  has  lictn  connected  with  the  marine 
business  for  over  forty  years.  He  coninienced  on  the  I'liclfir 
Coast  in  1H5.S  with  the  I'licific  Mail  Steamship  Company, 
serving  on  all  of  their  steamers  on  the  Panama  and  China 
routes.  He  is  at  present  living  in  ParkershiirK,  Or.,  where  he 
has  a  sawmill  anil  is  also  interested  in  the  tUK  Triumph. 

I'arker,  J.  J.,  mate,  Tacoina,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1842.  He  entered  the  marine  service  at  the  a^e  of  eleven,  sail- 
ing on  the  ('treat  Lakes  and  in  the  deep-water  trade  until  1883, 
when  he  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  He  was  for  a  short  lime  in 
charge  of  the  Pacific  Coast  .Steamship  Company's  wharf  at  San 
UieKo.  He  was  afterward  wharfiUKer  at  I'ort  Townsend,  and 
for  a  few  months  was  mate  on  the  tug  Cullis. 

Parker,  Capt.  \V.  .\.,  Tacoina,  Wash.,  has  been  in  the 
marine  business  for  over  forty  years,  most  of  the  time  on  the 
Atlantic  Coast  and  dreat  Lakes.  His  first  work  in  the  North- 
west was  in  1S89  on  the  steamer  Susif. 

Parker,  William,  enxineer,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  has 
been  enf(aKed  on  steamers  of  the  Union  Steamship  Company 
•inee  coininK  to  the  Northwest. 

Parks.  (leorKe  1'.,  engineer.  'I'acoma,  Wash.,  wai  born  in 
Oregon  in  1871  and  has  been  engaj^ed  on  steamers  on  Pnget 
Sound  since  1878. 

Parks,  I,.  C,  Tacoina,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in 
1869  and  has  served  as  assistant  engineer  on  nearly  all  of  the 
principal  Pnget  Sound  steamers  since  1887. 

Parrott,  W.  K.,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or. 
Paterson,  Capt.  !,.  (i.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in   1838.     He 
has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1-865,  twenty-five 
years  of  which  have  been  as  m.isler,  and  for  the  past  four  years 
has  had  command  of  the  schooner  /('.  S.  I'lielps. 

Paton,  William,  fifth  olTicer  of  steamship  limpiess  of  India, 
was  born  in  Scotland  in  1862.  He  has  been  on  the  Pacific 
Const  since  i.S.So. 

Patlerson,  Capt  Donald  II.,  Vancouver,  It.  C,  was  born  in 
Scotland  in  i860  and  commenced  sailing  to  the  Kast  Indies  and 
Australia  when  a  boy.  His  first  work  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was 
in  1881  in  the  Nanaimo  coal  trade.  He  left  .sailing  ships  in 
1S83  and  was  for  five  years  in  the  employ  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Navigation  Company  as  mate.  He  was  afterward 
master  of  the  steamer  /uulnW.  Vancouver,  going  from  her  to  the 
steamer  /><//c,  and  in  July,  1893,  taking  charge  of  the  .li/iir, 
where  he  has  since  remained. 

Patterson,  W.  J.,  engineer,  Vancouver,  II.  C,  was  born  in 
Ontario  in  1.S59.  His  first  marine  t  xperience  was  on  the  Great 
Lakes,  where  he  remained  unt'  '  <.S6,  when  he  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coa.st  and  joined  the  steam  •  V/i/c  as  fireman.  He  has 
since  served  as  engineer  on  the  '■  .:  /^n\tt/ntiitji^/i/,  Si'ciin  and 
others,  working  on  shore  a  portion  of  the  time. 

Patterson,  Capt.  William,  Dlaine,  Wash.,  was  born  i  .  Ire- 
land in  1824  and  began  sleamboating  on  the  Pacific  Coast  on 
the  Sacramento  River  in  1852,  going  to  Puget  Sound  six  years 
later.  He  engaged  in  trading  around  the  Sound,  which  he  fol- 
lowed for  fourteen  years,  during  which  he  owned  and  ran  the 
sloops  Piriiliss  Hoy  and  J'liie  /Hue.  Captain  Patterson  has  not 
followed  the  water  for  several  years. 

Paulsen,  Capt.  P.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1S57.  He  came 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  from  New  /.ealauil  in  1S79  on  the  schooner 
William  L.  IScebe,  then  in  the  lumber  liade.  His  first  com- 
mand was  the  .schooner  I'ltviier  in  1890.  which  he  sailed  for 
two  years  and  then  took  command  of  the  barkentine  liiirekn. 
Paup,  Martin,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1846  and  came 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1872.  He  began  running  on  the  steamer 
Polilkofsky,  where  he  remained  for  sixteen  years,  fourteen  of 
which  he  was  chief  engineer.  He  afterward  served  in  the  same 
capacity  on  the  tujj  lUalcely,  retiring  from  her  a  short  time 
ago.     He  is  now  living  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

Pearson,  H.  K.,  Portland,  Or.,  steward  of  steamer  Dallas 
lily. 

Pearson,  James,  San  Francisco,  steward  of  schooner  Alpine. 
Pearson,  Capt.  John  P.,  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1829  and 
has  been  connected  with  the  marine  business  nearly  half  a 
century.  During  the  Civil  War  he  served  as  ensign  in  the 
United  States  Navy  and  was  on  the  mortar  schooner  Sarah  Bruin 
in  an  engagement  on  Mobile  Bay.  He  came  to  the  Pacific 
Coast  in  1876  on  the  bark  Afoulana,  was  afterward  mate  on  the 
ship  tl'ashini;lun  IJhby  and  a  number  of  other  sailing  vessels. 


and  finally  was  given  command  of  the  iihip  Ivanhoe,  which  he 
sailed  for  three  years.  He  was  then  master  iil  llie  steamer 
h'eindale.  having  her  a  month  before  she  was  wrecked  to  take 
conimand  of  the  bark  Hiimaiiia,  >n\  which  he  has  since  been 
engaged  in  the  coasting  trade. 

Pearson,  Martin,  Oakland,  Cal.,  master  schooner  ( '"/hiV/c. 

Peasley,  Kalph  I'..,  San  Hranclseii,  mate  on  schooner  (iai- 
iliner  Cily' 

Peck,  Capl.  W.  N.,  Unreka,  Cal.,  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  ill  I.Sfn,  his  first  work  on 
arrival  being  on  the  old  steamer  .Seiialor.  He  reinained  with 
her  but  a  short  time  and  then  entered  the  coasting  trade,  soon 
afterward  running  from  the  .Sound  to  Australia  and  South 
American  ports  in  the  lumber  trade.  .\t  present  he  is  master 
of  the  barkentine  I'liile  John. 

Peel,  I.oiiis,  engineer,  IIoi|iilain,  Wash.,  was  burn  in  Pitts- 
burg, Peiiii.,  in  I.S.S2.  He  commenced  steaniboating  on  Oray's 
Harbor  about  twelve  years  ago.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the 
Monlesano,  Typhoon,  A'u.stlet,  Tillie  and  others,  and  is  engi- 
neer and  part  owner  of  the  Tillie. 

Pendergast,  James  W.,  engineer,  was  born  in  San  I''raiicisc<> 
in  186A.  He  has  been  ninning  north  from  .San  p'raiicisco  for 
the  past  tell  years,  serving  on  the  sleiinicrs  TilLimotik.  .Iraxo. 
.l/'av,  A/eviiu,  .Sunol,  (ireemcooti,  .llmlra:,  H'hilesboro  and 
('o.uni)polis,  and  is  at  present  chief  of  the  latter. 

Pendleton,  A.  V.,  manager  of  Oregon  Kailway  >V  Naviga- 
tion Company's  wharf  at  Astoria,  Or. 

Pendergiiist,  M  P.,  Marshficld,  Or.,  master  of  steamer 
Comet,  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  lSjo.  He  came  to  Coos  Hay 
in  1S72  and  engaged  in  the  mill  business  until  about  five  years 
ago,  when  he  pnrch.ised  an  interest  in  the  steamer  Cornel  and 
took  commaiid. 

Peiifield,  Russell,  engineer,  Victoria,  II.  C. 
Peregory,  I).  C,  engineer.  Seattle,  Wash. 
Perrot,  I'raiik,  marine  draughtsman.  Port  Townsend, Wash. 
I'eterkin,  Constantiiie,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Finland  in   1.S.19.     He  has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
since  187^  and  for  the  past  five  years  lias  been  mate  on  the 
barkentine  I'orllaiid. 

Peters,  Charles  J.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1S67.  He  has  been  steaniboating  on  Puget  .Sound 
since  1887,  serving  on  the  I'hanlom,  lUakely,  Mary  F.  I'erley, 
Kip  Ian  Winkle,  and  otlierwell  knciwn  steamers.  He  has  also 
served  on  the  steamships  Queen  o/'llie  /iic/Ai  and  llilminnlon, 
and  has  recently  been  engaged  as  engineer  on  the  steamer 
.San  Juan. 

Petersen,  Capt.  Christian,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  lSs4 
and  began  sailing  north  in  the  Pacific  Coast  trade  in  1875.  He 
was  first  on  the  schooner  l.iz'ie  .Madison,  running  as  mate 
until  1884,  when  he  was  aiipointed  ma.ster  of  the  schooner 
Parallel,  of  which  he  became  part  owner.  He  left  her  two 
years  later  for  the  schooner  .\lary  li.  A'us.s,  which  be  sailed 
iinlil  iS/i,  at  which  time  he  jiurchased  an  interest  in  and 
superintended  the  building  of  the  four-masted  schooner  lilhel 
y.ane,  which  he  has  since  comnianded. 

Petersen,  Capt.  Henry,  was  born  ill  Norway  ill  I.S61.  He 
cominenced  his  marine  service  on  the  mail  steamship  Xortvay, 
coming  to  N;w  Orleans  in  187S.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
in  1S84,  servi-'l  for  a  few  vears  as  second  mate  and  mate,  and 
then  tool-  t'  c  i  .win  -Vci'i?  to  Tahiti.  He  was  afterward  mate 
on  a  nil, liber  jf  steam  sclioontrs,  and  master  of  the  schooner 
Seven  Sisltr,  and  the  stiaiii  schooner  l.aguna. 

IVtersi  11.  J.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  P'rancisco. 
Petersen,  J.  H.  C,  engineer,  was  born  ill  Germany  in  1S6S. 
His  first  work  on  the  Pacific  Coast  was  as  as.sistaiit  on  the  tug 
Relief,  where  he  remained  for  two  years,  afterward  serving  on 
the  Cily  of  Puehia,  Oregon  and  other  steamships. 

Petersen,  Capt.  Jacob,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1845.  He 
commenced  liis  marine  service  on  a  Danish  man-of-war,  sailed 
out  of  Knglish  ports  for  eight  years,  and  then  came  to  New 
Vork  on  the  steamship  ('cr(i;;<(.  He  shipped  from  Boston  for 
Portland,  Or  ,  on  the  bark  Corea,  arriving  111  1871.  He  worked 
for  a  while  on  the  steamer  Okanogan,  leaving  her  to  engage  in 
the  coasting  trade  In  1877  he  was  running  to  Puget  Sound  on 
the  schooner  (ourser,  first  as  mate  and  then  as  master.  He 
was  afterward  master  of  the  brigantine  /uireka,  schooners 
EInora,  Sea  Foam,  llobolink,  Killy  .Slerens,  />ai.sy  A'otce, 
(iareia,  ll'eslern  Nome,  and  a  few  siiiiill  steamers.  At  present 
he  is  master  of  the  schooner  Weslern  Home. 

Petersen,  Capt.  O.  I.,  Astoria,  Or.,  was  born  in  Denmark 
in  1862.  He  .served  for  several  years  in  the  United  States  Navy 
on  the  Pensaeola,  Iroquois  and  h'odgers,  and  was  with  the 
latter  when  she  was  destroyeil  by  fire  off  llie  coast  of  Siberia. 
He  had  charge  of  the  steam  launch  Prisk  on  the  Columbia 
River  for  three  years  and  is  at  present  an  inspector  in  the 
Astoria  custom-house. 


.1  ■•■ :. 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


485 


!;,„■,   wliicli  he 

I  tile  Hteiiiiier 
cikeil  to  take 
iiiH  »iiicf  bteii 

joner  (  ni/iii/le. 
Hohooiier  (•III  ■ 

II  New  Uiiveli, 
<  liritt  work  on 
reiiiniiuil  willi 
iii({  trnile,  soon 
tlia  ami  SouHi 
Mit  lie  is  iiiaitter 

s  liorii  ill  I'ilts 
iliiiK  on  Ciray'ii 

MiKiiKe'l  ""  '''.*' 
r»,  and  ih  eligi- 

II  San  I'raiicisco 
II  l''ranci»i-o  for 
Itaiiiook,  .liaxo. 
H'hilnbuni  ami 

Iway  Jt  NaviKn- 

ister   of  steamer 

iiie  to  Coos  Hay 

alioiil  live  years 

aiiier  Coimi  ami 


TowusendAVasli. 
ssels,  was  born  in 
the  Pacific  Coast 
leeu  mate  on  tlie 

isb.,  was  born  in 
on  I'nuel  Sonml 
Mai\  /•■  I'.iley, 

lers.  He  has  also 
iiul  lli/iiiiii.i;/""< 

r  on  the  steamer 

Denmark  in  1S54 
rade  in  1875.  He 
riiuniiiK  as  male 
of  the  schooner 
He  left  her  two 
which  he  sailed 
interest  in  and 
lmI  schooner  AVAi/ 

rwav  in  1H61.  He 
teaiiiBliip  Xoi:r"y, 

0  the  Pacific  Coast 
ate  and  mate,  and 
as  afterward  mate 
er  of  the  schooner 
III. 

n  l''rancisco. 

1  lU-rmany  in  1S6H, 
ssistanl  on  the  lug 
lerward  serving  on 
shijis, 

mark  in  1S45.     He 

man-of-war,  sailed 

llieii  came  to  New 

il  from  lioston  for 

HI  1X71.     He  worked 

ng  her  to  engage  in 

to  Pugel  Sound  on 

en  as  master.     He 

liiiii-kii,   schooners 

reus,  Daisy  A'lWf, 

rainers.     At  present 

4  born  in  Denmark 
I'nited  States  Navy 
,  and  was  with  the 
he  coast  of  Siberia. 
iX-  on  Ihe  Columbia 
an  inspector  in  the 


Peteriien,  P.  M.,  111  !  on  sailiuK  vesselB,  has  been  running 
north  from  San  Fram  o  since  1886,  He  has  recently  Iweii 
employed  a«  mate  on  tli.  icliooner  /.Hcy. 

I'etemen,  R.,  keeper  of  the  Willapa  Hay  l.iglithouae,  was 
employed  on  the  lighthouse  tender  .Uiinzaiiiln,  and  was  on 
sailing  vesaels  until  about  1878. 

Peterson,  A.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Peterson,  Andrew,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  1H33  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business 
for  forty  six  years  I'or  the  past  five  years  he  has  been  run- 
ning to  Alaska  as  mate  and  master  of  vessels  employed  in  the 
cannery  business. 

Peterson,  C,  stewaril  of  schooner  Miiiilnuiiia,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Peterson,  Charles,  San  Francisco,  steward  of  hark  H'iliia. 

Peterson,  Capl  Charles  tV.  F.,  was  born  in  .Sweden  in  1H61. 
He  began  sailing  north  from  San  Francisco  in  1S82.  He  has 
serveil  as  first  ollicer  on  the  steamship  Pel  .\orle  and  as  master 
of  the  steamer  .■hilii  and  schooner  l.itlic  mid  Matlie.  In  1893 
he  took  comiiiand  of  the  Stiilof  /ioy,  with  which  he  has  since 
been  engaged. 

Peterson,  Claudius,  mate,  Quartermaster  Harbor,  Wash. 

Peterson,  I'rederick,  engineer,  was  born  in  London  in 
1845.  Ife  came  to  Puget  .Sound  in  1870  and  began  on  the  old 
steamer  /l/aii'  /)iaiiiimd.  Since  that  time  lie  has  been  con- 
nected with  nearly  all  the  steamers  plying  on  the  Sound, 
among  them  being  the  Idiilvt,  .l/ida,  .l/iisiaii,  Olympian, 
T.  J.  I'ollcr,  h'liiiiiy  Lake  and  many  others.  I'or  the  past  few 
years  he  has  been  ill  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Navigation 
Company,  niiining  on  the  steamers  Fairlitixen  and  Slate  of 
ll'tis)iiiii;li»i. 

!*etersoii,  (1..  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Sweden 
ill  1869  and  has  been  running  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  the  past 
nine  years. 

Peterson,  Harry,  male,  San  Fiancisco,  was  born  in  Oer- 
inaiiy  in  1866,  He  has  been  coasting  out  of  .San  Francisco  for 
three  years, 

Peterson,  John,  master  ami  pilot,  Portlaml,  Or. 

Peterson,  Capl.  John,  was  born  in  Norway.  He  has  been 
sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1877  and  is  at  present  master 
of  the  bark  .^/iJVear. 

Peterson,  John  H.,  .San  Francisco,  master  of  schooner 
T:rili,i;/il. 

Peterson,  Julius,  Hoquiani,  Wash.,  steamboat  master  and 
owner. 

Peterson,  Capl.  N.  P.,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  18,^2.  He 
commenced  going  to  sea  al  the  age  of  fifteen  aud  foUoweil  deep 
water  until  1855,  when  became  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  second 
male  on  the  ship  Geoige  /.aw.  He  received  his  first  cummand 
in  1S64  and  continued  in  the  coasting  trade  until  1S91,  when  he 
broke  his  leg  while  .serving  as  master  of  the  bark  ('liailes  II. 
k'eiiuey.     .Since  thai  lime  he  has  remaine<l  ashore. 

Peterson,  Caj)!.  Oliver,  was  born  in  Deninark  in  1840  and 
came  to  San  I'raiicisco  in  1861  on  the  ship  /'VoreiitY.  In  i8ftg 
lie  was  mate  on  the  schooner  .May  Oiieeii,  in  1873  mate  on  the 
brig  Taiiiiei.  and  ill  1874  was  appointed  master  of  the  brig 
.MiiilHiiiliiiaii,  leaving  her  ill  a  short  time  to  take  coininaiid  of 
the  brig  ('liiiiea.  He  was  for  seven  years  master  of  the 
schooner  .Sail  /iiieiiafeiilitra,  has  also  been  master  of  the  bark- 
eiitinc  I'allieiiiie  .Sudden,  schooners  /.  H.  Leeds  and  Liiey, 
being  still  in  coinmand  of  the  latter  He  has  been  running  in 
the  Umpiiiia  and  Coos  Hay  trade  for  nineteen  years,  and  has 
never  had  an  accident  in  crossing  the  bars. 

Peterson,  P.,  ni.ile  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  coasting  out 
of  San  Francisco  for  ten  years.  For  the  past  eighteen  months 
he  has  been  connected  with  the  ( '.  /'.  /liyanl. 

Petit,  Herbert,  engineer,  Ihvaco,  Wash. 

Petlijjrew,  James,  engineer,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  born  in 
Scotland  in  1863  and  has  been  engaged  in  the  marine  business 
for  twelve  years.  He  came  to  Victoria  in  1S91  and  joined  the 
steamer  Danube  as  second  assistant.  He  was  next  on  the 
steamer  Caledonia,  going  from  her  to  the  Constance  and  Velos. 

Pettini,  Anton,  steward,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  Italy 
in  1842.  He  has  been  running  coastwise  and  in  the  Island  trade 
since  1872.     At  present  he  is  on  the  schooner  R.  II'.  Bartlelt. 

Pellman,  John  I..,  engineer,  Newport,  Dr.,  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1849.  His  first  service  was  on  the  tug  Favorite  al 
■Astoria  in  1886.  He  has  since  served  on  the  steamers  IValluski, 
T.  M  Riiiiaidson  and  Volania  on  Vaquina  Bay. 

Phillips,  John,  mate  on  barkiVa  King,  was  born  in  London 
in  1849.  He  has  been  coasting  north  from  San  Francisco  for 
twenty-two  years. 

Phillips,  Willard  F.,  engineer,  Florence,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1850.  He  came  to  the  Siuslaw  River  in  1883,  and  in 
partnership  with  O.  W.  Hurd  bought  the  propeller  .Mary  Hall, 


which  they  ran  for  one  summer.  They  then  purchased  the 
steamer  Mink  at  Coos  Bay,  which  they  have  since  run  in  con- 
nection with  the  siilewheeler  Coos. 

Pickernell,  John,  Astoria,  Or.,  master  and  owner  of  iteanier 
.l/rtiy/nn'o. 

Pierce,  Capt.  George  H,,  was  born  in  Maine  in  18.^5,  He 
has  been  sailing  the  ocean  for  twenty  three  years,  ami  for  the 
past  five  years  has  been  in  the  Nanainio  coal  trade  on  the 
Canolllon  and  Sea  King. 

Pierce,  Nelson,  retired  master,  ,Saii  Fraiiciscn,  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  1849  and  was  iiiteresteil  In  a  large  number  01 
coasting  vessels. 

Pierce,  R.  V.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  In 
18^7,  and  coninienced  his  marine  service  <ni  the  Mississippi 
River.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1H84  and  joined  the  lug 
Susie  as  engineer.  He  remained  on  the  Sound  for  a  while, 
serving  on  liie  steamers  Evangel,  .Messenger,  S':agit  tVi/c/and 
others,  and  then  went  to  .San  Francisco,  where  he  has  been 
engaged  on  a  number  of  tugs  and  small  steamers. 

Pillow,  P.,  engineer,  Taconia,  Wash. 

Pinkerton,  Fred,  'jiaater  and  pilot,  Snohomish,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Minnesota  in  i860.  He  has  been  steaniboatiiig  on 
Puget  Sound  for  the  past  eight  years,  and  is  at  present  master 
and  half  owner  of  the  steamer  .Mamie. 

Plath,  F.,  mate  on  sailing  ves.sels,  has  been  sailing  north 
from  San  F'rancisco  since  1881. 

Poole,  John  Phillips,  mate,  .San  Francisco,  was  born  in 
Singapore,  India,  in  i8,s,v  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in 
186S  on  the  lYincess  Royal,  running  between  Victoria  ami 
London.  He  has  been  in  the  business  in  every  country*  in  the 
world  except  Japan.  Mr.  Poole  was  first  officer  of  the  Crown  of 
England  when  she  was  wrecked  in  1894, 

Poulsen,  Capl.  M.,  was  born  ill  Norway  ill  1.851.  He  came 
to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1879  and  joined  the  barkenline  John  IK 
.S/ireikels,  on  which  he  rose  to  the  position  of  mate.  He  was 
afterward  mate  and  master  of  the  brigs  Hazard  and  Tahiti,  and 
master  of  the  brig  Galilee  and  barkentine  denei',  He  is  still 
sailing  the  latter  vessel. 

Potts,  Thomas,  engineer.  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  born  in  Kiig- 
laiid  in  i85i.  He  coninienced  sleamboaling  on  tin;  AV/a  While 
at  Victoria  ill  1887  and  ran  as  secoml  assistant  on  her  for  three 
years,  afterward  holiling  a  similar  position  on  the  .Mascotte  until 
she  burned. 

Powell,  Charles,  engineer  of  ferry-boat  at  Grant's,  Or. 

Power  B.  T.,  master  mariner,  Vancouver,  H.  C,  was  born 
in  Liverpool,  England,  ill  1829,  and  has  been  engageil  in  the 
marine  business  for  over  forty  years.  He  was  in  the  deep-water 
trade  until  i,S,S8,  when  he  came  to  British  Columbia. 

Powers,  John  J.,  Victoria,  H.  C,  steward  of  steamers 
Chaiiiier  and  )'osemite. 

Powys,  Kriiest  .\.,  niate,  Vancouver,  H.  C,  was  born  in 
.Sydney,  N.  S.  W.,  in  1867.  He  was  engaged  on  steam  coasters 
in  .\iistralia  for  two  years,  and  then  commenced  sailing  between 
Sydney  and  Puget  .Sound  on  the  ship  Xineveh.  He  left  her  al 
Tacoina  after  making  a  few  trips  and  workeil  for  a  short  time 
on  the  lugs  Tacoma  and  lllakely.  He  then  returned  to  deep 
water  until  1.S87,  when  he  came  to  Victoria,  where  he  has  since 
been  engaged  on  the  steamers  .Mamie,  Tepie.  .Swan,  Vancouver, 
i'elos,  ('afiilano,  Afermaid,  ('omov  a\\i\  Rainlmw. 

Pragdon,  John  H..  engiiifer,  commenced  his  marine  service 
on  Puget  Sound  on  the  lug  Tyee  in  1884.  and  has  since  been 
engaged  on  a  number  of  tugboats  and  steamers.  He  has 
recently  been  employed  as  first  assistant  on  the  .Seattle  fireboat 
Snoqiialmie. 

Preira,  J.,  San  Francisco,  master  of  steamer  fda. 

Prevosl,  James  C,  Victoria,  B.  C,  owner  of  steam  vessels. 

Price,  Captain,  Edmunds,  Wash.,  owner  of  steamer 
I'igilanl. 

Price,  Fred  R.,  Portland,  Or.,  agent  of  the  Oregon  City 
Transportation  Company. 

Price,  George  H.,  engineer,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  was 
born  in  Alassichusetts  in  1861.  He  was  engaged  on  a  nutnber 
of  steamers  running  out  of  Boston  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
in  1S86.  He  served  for  a  year  on  the  steamship  Mexico  and 
then  went  to  British  Columbia,  where  he  joined  the  steamer 
/leaver.  He  served  as  second  assistant  on  a  number  of  British 
Columbia  steamers  and  has  recently  been  engaged  as  chief  of 
the  IVinni/red. 

Primrose,  J.  F.,  engineer,  Port  Townsend,  Wiish.,  was  born 
in  Port  Madison,  Wash.,  in  1865,  and  commenced  steaniboating 
on  Puget  Sound  in  1882  on  the  Addie  He  has  since  been 
engaged  on  the  steamers  Augusta,  Vakima  anil  Cyrus  ll'alker, 
and  al  present  is  connected  with  the  lug  Tacoina. 

Primrose,  Caj-t  W.  H.,  Port  Blakely,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Port   Mailison,  Wash.,  in    1863.     His   first   work   was  on   the 


4S6 


Lewis  (J  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  'Jorthwest 


steniiier  Ruhy^  where  he  was  engaged  as  Breiiian.  He  after- 
waril  served  as  engineer  on  a  nHnil)er  of  boats  running  l)elween 
Seattle  and  Port  Dlakely,  and  is  at  present  lUHSler  of  the 
steamer  Surah  l\f.  /'fii/oi:. 

Purdy,  Capt.  John,  Vancouver,  It.  C,  was  horn  in  New 
Drunswick  in  183S.  He  followed  the  sea  on  the  Atlantic  Coast 
until  1890,  when  he  came  to  the  Pacific.  He  began  steandmat- 
ing  at  Vancouver,  B.  C,  and  has  recently  been  connected  witli 
the  tug  Tipic. 

Pybus,  Capt.  H.,  R.  N.  R  ,  was  born  at  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  in  December,  1850,  and  commenced  his  marine  career  at 
the  age  of  ten.  In  1866  he  was  midshipman  on  the  ship 
Gondola  and  in  1870  second  officer  on  the  bark  Evangeline, 
which  he  navigated  from  Demerara  to  Madeira  during  the  ill- 
ness of  the  captain  and  chief  oflicer.  In  1871  he  was  third 
mate  on  the  ship  Saval  Hrigade,  iu  the  China  trade,  and  two 
years  later  second  officer  on  the  Royal  Mail  steamship  llariilo, 
later  holding  a  similar  position  on  the  R.  M.  S.  S.  Roman  and 
the  steamship  Pompoo.  He  was  second  officer  on  the  steam- 
ship Europe,  which  was  wrecked  on  the  China  coast  in  1S82 
and  surrounded  by  pirates.  Mi.  Pybns  proceeded  to  I'oo-Choo 
iu  one  of  the  ship's  boats  and  was  obliged  to  keep  up  a  contin- 
uous fire  for  two  days  to  keep  the  pirates  off.  Iu  1885  he  was 
in  command  of  the  steamship  Koiv  Shing,  which  obtained  a 
world-wide  celebrity  in  the  la'.e  China  and  Japan  war.  While 
in  charge  he  successfully  navigated  her  from  Takn  to  Shanghai 
with  a  broken  rudder  and  sterupost.  When  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  sent  the  Empress  of  China  to  the  Northwest, 
Captain  Pybus  came  with  her,  and  while  in  command,  during 
a  heavy  gale  off  the  coast  of  China,  rescued  twenty-seven 
Chinamen,  the  crew  of  a  sinking  junk.  He  is  still  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  and  has  recently  been 
engaged  as  chief  officer  of  the  steamship  Empress  of  India. 

Pyle,  Capt.  Thon?as,  was  born  in  Kngland  in  1853.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S72,  has  been  sailing  norll'  from 
San  Francisco  sMice,  and  for  the  past  few  years  has  I  een  in 
command  of  the  bark  Videlle. 

Quast,  W.,  steward,  was  born  in  Hamburg,  Germany,  and 
before  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  followed  his  calling  on 
Atlantic  sailing  vesse  s  for  five  year.^.  In  1862  he  A'as  on  the 
well  known  steamship  lirolher  Jonathan,  and  afterward  on  the 
Pacific  and  Senator.  He  has  also  run  on  the  steaitiships  Santa 
Cruz,  Dakota,  Mexico  and  George  11'.  Elder,  and  has  been 
iu  the  employ  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company  for 
tweuty-two  years.  At  present  he  is  steward  on  the  steamsliip 
t  >'/)'  0/  Topeka. 

Quigley,  Thomas  J.,  engineer,  was  born  in  San  p'rancisco 
in  1852,  and  began  his  marine  c<  -^er  on  the  steau.ers  running 
between  San  Prancisco  and  China.  He  afterward  ran  nortli 
on  the  old  steamer  Pelican  for  a  couple  of  years,  and  was  th  -n 
on  the  Pauatna  route  for  a  few  years.  He  then  went  to  the 
Slate  of  (  alifornia,  running  north,  and  h:-s  also  served  on  the 
tug  Donald  and  steamships  George  H '.  Elder  and  Idaho, 

yuinn,  james  H.,  engineer,  was  born  in  San  Francisco  in 
1S5S.  He  commenced  the  marine  business  in  1882  on  the 
steamship  Columbia,  and  is  at  present  chief  engineer  of  the 
steam  whaler  Pcelena. 

(Juinn,  Thomas,  mate,  was  born  in  Liverpool  in  1851  and 
came  lo  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1871.  He  was  mate  on  the  bark 
liueiia  I'iila,  running  north  from  San  Francisco,  and  sailed 
in  the  employ  of  the  Port  Hlakely  Mill  Company  for  several 
years.  Since  1878  he  has  been  engaged  in  fishing  at  Astoria, 
making  occasi.iiial  trips  to  sea. 

Race,  Capt.  H.  M.,  was  born  at  sea  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  in 
1858.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound  on  the 
J,.:nes  Mor.'ie,  and  was  afterward  on  the  steamers  d'ti'rgie  and 
i'yrus  Walker.  In  1884  he  purchased  the  sleainer  Idna,  with 
which  he  has  since  been  running  in  various  parts  of  vhe  Sound, 
making  his  headquarters  at  Whatcom. 

Randall.  Capt.  Clement,  San  Francisco,  is  a  sou  of  Capt. 
Samuel  Randall,  with  whom  he  commenced  tugboatiiig  on  the 
/r/2rtr(/ fifteen  years  ago.  He  has  since  been  master  of  the 
tugs  Water  Witch,  .Isloria,  Wizard,  Monarch  and  yigilanl, 
being  at  present  connected  with  the  latter. 

Randall,  Thomas  P.,  Oregon  City,  Or.,  purser  of  steauier 
A\imona,  has  also  run  011  steamer  I.aiona. 

Randenier,  V.  J.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  running 
coastwise  since  1855. 

Rasmussen,  Capt.  J.,  was  born  in  neninark  in  1845.  He 
.sailed  out  of  German  and  F.uglish  ports  nnli!  1870,  when  he 
came  lo  San  Fraiic'sco,  On  arrival  he  made  a  trip  to  China 
and  then  entered  the  coasting  trade,  niuniiig  first  as  mate  and 
then  securing  command  of  the  schooner  Three  .Sisters.  At 
present  he  is  master  of  the  schooner  yega. 

Rasmussen,  Capt  N.  J.,  Gardiner,  Or,  was  born  in  Den- 
mark in  1S58.  He  iias  .servcil  as  master  of  the  schooners 
Golden  Gale,  f.  II.  /,(VvA  and  Louise,  having  had  charge  of  the 
latter  vessel  for  the  past  three  vears. 


Rasmussen,  Peter,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  Sail  Francisco. 

Rasmussen,  Cant.  R.  P.,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  Den- 
mark in  i860.  He  has  been  sailing  north  from  San  P'raucisco 
for  fifteen  years,  and  recently  has  commanded  the  schooner 
laura  Madison. 

Rcay,  Robert,  mate,  Duwamish,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Eng- 
land in  1845.  He  sailed  in  the  deep  water  trade  until  1886, 
when  he  came  to  Puget  Sound  and  has  been  engaged  most  of 
the  time  since  on  the  steamer  Skagit. 

Redmond,  Joseph  H. ,  master  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Reed,  Capt.  A.  W. ,  Gardiner,  Or.,  was  born  in  Maine  in 
1S46.  He  was  interested  in  a  number  of  sailing  vessels  on  the 
Atlantic  Coast,  and  since  coming  to  Coos  Hay  has  been 
interested  in  a  number  of  steamers,  among  them  being  the 
Swan,  Arago  aud  A'estless. 

Reed,  Capt.  Alfred,  Empire  City,  Or.,  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1S63  and  has  been  engaged  iu  the  marine  business  for  fifteen 
years.  He  was  for  several  months  on  the  steamships  Wil- 
mington and  Ilactian  Republic,  and  on  the  Sound  has  had 
charge  of  the  steamers  Wasp  and  .Mikado.  I'or  the  past  year 
he  has  been  master  of  the  steamer  Arago. 

Heed,  Capt.  O.,  Coos  Hay,  Or.,  has  been  interested  in  the 
steamers  Ceres,  Antelope,  little  Annie,  and  the  schooner 
Jennie  Thelin,  sailing  the  latter  for  three  yeais.  At  present 
Captain  Reed  is  not  following  the  water. 

Reed,  Olof,  steamboat  builder,  Coniiille,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  1827.  He  has  been  interested  in  the  marine  business 
on  Coos  Bay  since  1878.  .Among  the  ves.sels  with  which  he  is 
connected  are  the  steamers  Antelope,  Little  Annie,  Ceres  and 
several  others. 

Reed,  Roger,  engineer,  Hallard,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Canada 
iu  1871. 

Rehfield,  William,  .Astoria,  Or.,  master  and  owner  of 
steamer  E.  L.  Dwyer. 

Reid,  James,  steward,  was  born  at  Fort  Simpson  in  1853. 
He  was  first  engaged  on  the  old  Enterprise  in  1S6S,  aud  since 
that  time  has  been  em))loycd  on  the  George  E.  Starr,  .\'orll. 
Pacific,  Maude,  Wilson  G.  Hunt  and  Sardony.v.  He  is  at 
present  on  the  Danubi-. 

Reid,  John,  .Astoria,  Or.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born 
in  Ireland  in  1862.  He  commenced  sail  iig  north  from  San 
Francisco  on  the  ship  Yoscmite  in  1.SS3.  He  has  ser' ed  on  a 
number  of  other  well  known  coasting  vessels  a"d  -as  steam- 
boating  for  about  two  years  on  the  Lutline  and  Undine  on 
the  Columbia  River.  At  present  he  is  engaged  ill  boating  at 
.Astoria. 

Reiner,  Charles,  mate,  San  Francisco. 

Remmers,  G.  T.,  nia.ster  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1854.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Ctjast  in  1S7S  as  mate 
on  the  schooner  .Sid/Zc  /•'.  Caller,  aud  has  since  run  as  mate  and 
master  of  a  do/en  differeiit  coasters.  At  present  he  is  master 
of  the  schooner  .Melanc'hon. 

Rennie,  R.,  mate,  A'lctoria,  H.  C. 

Renlz,  Capl.  John,  .Astoria,  Or.,  was  born  iu  Missouri  in 
1852.  He  began  boating  on  the  Coluinbia  in  IN74,  running  the 
scow  schooners  EInorah  and  .-Imclia.  In  1.SS3  lie  received 
master's  papers  and  since  then  has  coinnianilecj  the  steamers 
Enterprise,  .Montesnn,,,  Lillian,  Eclipse,  ami  many  others  of 
the  "  mosquito  fieet  "  out  of  .Astoria. 

Rich,  Capt.  Chester,  .Astoria,  Or.,  was  born  iu  A'ermout  in 
1S56.  He  commenced  stcaniboaliug  on  the  Columbia  River  in 
1882.  and  for  the  ]>ast  six  vears  has  had  charge  of  the  steamer 
( '.  W.  Rich,  of  which  he  is  owner,  running  her  to  the  Lewis 
and  Clarke  River. 

Richardson,  I'rank  JI..  Vancouver,  li.  C,  second  assistant 
engineer  of  steamship  I  icioria. 

Richardson,  Capt.  P.  A.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  iu 
Massachusetts  in  1H4S.  lie  commenced  his  marine  work  on 
Puget  Sound  in  i.SHS  on  the  steamer  /.'''c. 

Riddle,  Capt.  R.  W..  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1S41) 
and  has  been  sleamboaling  on  Lake  Washiuglon  since  1889. 

Ringrus.  W.,  master  of  schooner  Rub),  has  been  coasting 
out  of  San  l*raiicisco  for  twelve  years. 

Ritchie,  James  K.,  master  and  pilot.  New  Westniinslcr, 
H.  C. 

Ritter,  Robert,  Victoria,  H.  C,  mate  011  steamer  Dispatch, 
has  also  served  on  coasting  vessels. 

Robbins,  George  K.,  Hoodsport,  Wash.,  retired  master. 

Roberts,  Ca])t.  T.  W.,  Victoria,  H.  C,  was  bom  in  Nova 
Scotia  in  1854  and  has  been  engageil  ill  the  mariie  business  for 
twenty-two  years,  mostly  iu  the  dee])-water  trade  and  011  sealing 
vessels.  On  nmiiug  to  ilritish  Columbia  in  18K8,  bis  first  work 
was  on  the  (  arilmo  and  Ely.  I'or  the  past  few  years  he  ha: 
had  command  of  the  stcniner  .Uaude. 

Robertson,  Daniel,  stcw.ird.  Sail  Francisco. 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


487 


secoiiil  assistant 


Robertson,  Harry  K.,  mate,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1859. 
He  has  been  sleaniboating  on  tlie  Columbia  River  since  18S4 
and  i  '■  at  present  on  the  />ii//as  City. 

Robertson,  John,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  eiij;iiieer,  was  horn  in 
I'ictou,  Nova  Sootia,  in  1H59  He  couinienceil  his  marine 
career  a,.  Victoria  in  iSSi  on  the  tuj-  i-tlexaiidi'r  and  is  at 
present  first  assistant  on  the  tu^;  Tcpic. 

Robertson,  Capt.  Robert,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Scot- 
land in  i8j5  and  came  to  California  in  1849  as  a  seaman  on  the 
ship  I'oilon.  He  sailed  in  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  Australian 
trade  for  several  years,  and  in  1S57  went  to  the  (ireat  Lakes, 
sailing  out  of  Chicago,  where  he  remained  in  charge  of  vessels 
until  1889,  when  he  came  to  Seattle. 

Robertson,  Capt.  W.  H.,  was  born  at  Tioga,  111.,  in  1850. 
He  began  steaniboalingon  the  Willamette  River  in  1S74.  Most 
of  the  time  since  then  he  has  spent  on  the  Stark  Street  Firry, 
running  there  as  master  for  fifteen  years.  He  retired  from  the 
water  a  few  years  ago  and  is  now  living  in  Kast  Portland,  Or. 

Robinson,  Capt.  Kdward  N..  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
New  York  and  saile<l  out  of  .Atlantic  ports  in  the  deep-water 
trade  for  nearly  twenty  years.  He  came  to  I'uget  Sound  in 
1889  and  has  since  been  connicteil  with  the  steamer  W.  R. 
A'oNhsoh. 

Robinson,  John  J.,  shipbuilder,  was  bora  in  18^9.  He 
arrived  in  Seattle  in  1S68  and  has  followed  boat  and  ship 
building  almost  constantly  since,  having  been  employed  on 
nearly  all  of  the  boat;"  owned  by  Starr  Brothers.  .At  Victoria, 
where  he  is  now  livirg  he  has  been  at  work  in  Laing's  ship- 
yard for  ten  years. 

Robison,  Capt.  K.  N.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Robison,  I'rank,  male  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  running 
north  out  of  Sin  Kraucisco  since  1885.  He  was  also  nirster  of 
a  small  sternwheeler  on  Copper  River,  .Maska,  and  is  at  present 
connecteil  with  the  ship  Oaiitfiitat. 

Rod,  Olof,  ni.ite  and  master  of  sailing  ves.sels,  Seattle, 
Wash. 

Rodgers,  F.  I').,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  eng.igeil  on 
lake  steamers  since  arriving  there  three  years  ago. 

Rogers,  .-\nson,  Marshfield,  Or.,  master  of  the  steamer 
lliititier  Hoy,  running  on  Coos  River. 

Rogers,  H.  H.,  mate,  Marshfield,  Or.,  is  running  on  Coos 
River. 

Rogers,  Hiram,  mate,  San  Vrancisco,  was  born  in  Ilngland 
in  1831.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  the  early  fifties  and 
ran  for  a  long  time  on  the  brigs  Fniuiisio,  A/ars/iall,  schooners 
t\ii:;t',  Siernt  tVri'tuta,  and  oilier  i)io:ieer  vessels.  He  was  on 
the  ship  (  \itihheafi  at  the  time  of  the  I'raser  River  excitement, 
but  soon  afterward  returned  lo  Kngland.  He  came  to  San 
Francisco  again  in  1875,  and  is  still  sailing  out  of  the  Bay  City. 

Rogers,  Capt.  James  W.,  was  born  in  Californir.  in  1866  and 
has  been  sleainboatiug  on  I'uget  Sound  and  British  Columbia 
waters  for  the  past  ffteen  years.  He  was  first  connected  with 
the  steamer  ^-/i/(7  at  New  Westminster  and  is  at  present  with 
the  steamer  /hinsiiiiitr. 

Rogers,  Lincoln,  New  Westminster,  B.  C.  purser  of  City 
of  Nanaiimi,  was  born  in  Victoria  in  1864.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  sleamboating  since  1S80. 

Rogers,  O.  H.  I'.,  purser.  New  Westmiuslcr,  \\.  C. 

Rogers.  S.  C,  master  and  engineer,  ^iaishtielil,  Or.,  is  at 
present  connected  with  the  steamer  /)'«/,/;</•  lliiy. 

Rogers,  William,  engineer,  was  born  in  San  I"raucisco  in 
i86,s.  He  began  sleamboating  at  Burrard's  Inlet  in  1S79,  and 
was  afterward  tii  the  Ada  and  other  well  known  British 
Columbia  steamers.  He  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the 
steamer  City  of  Naiiaiino. 

Roich,  N.  C,  San   p'rancisco,  master  of  schooner  Fortiiiin. 

Rolandsou,  James,  engineer,  Marsbfield,  Or.,  was  born  in 
'lenmark  in  1854.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1874011  the 
ship  Warrior  Qnt'f II,  vi\\W\\  was  wrecked  near  Point  Reyes 
He  joined  the  lug  Frarless  in  1,882,  and  has  since  been  engaged 
on  the  tugs  Coliiiiiliia  and  Hunter,  steamers  Comet  and  Yaiio, 
and  was  half  owner  of  the  latter. 

Rooke,  Thomas,  engineer,  Marshfield,  Or.,  commenced 
his  marine  service  on  Coos  Bay  in  18S8  on  the  lug  Katie  Coot, 
and  is  at  present  engineer  on  the  sleani'.-r  lllanco. 

Rose,  Perry  S.,  engineer,  Sydney,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Iowa  ill  1870  and  has  been  eugagcil  on  Puget  Sound  since  1879. 
For  the  past  few  years  he  has  been  tugineer  on  the  steam 
launch  A'ifisie. 

Rosenilall.  Capt.  W.,  was  born  in  I'inlaiKt  'ii  i86i>.  He 
commenced  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coasl  in  1882011  the  schooner 
Felifse,  and  is  at  present  in  command  of  the  schooner  .Ifaria  F. 
Smilli,  on  which  he  has  been  engaged  as  male  and  master  for 
the  past  nine  years. 

Ross,  R.  B.,  engineer,  Port  Townseud,  Wash. 


Ross,  William  E.,  steward  of  whaleback  City  of  Fverett, 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  is  steward  of  the  Empress  0/ Japan. 
He  also  served  for  three  years  on  the  "^camship  Parlliia. 

Rowe,  George  N.,  engi.ieer.  Seaside,  Or. 

Roy,  O.  T. ,  Vancouver,  B.  iV,  seventh  assistant  engineer 
of  steamship  Fmpress  of  India. 

Royds,  Clement,  retired  master,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Ruger,  Capt.  Enimett  V.,  Fremont,  Wash  ,  was  born  in 
Wisconsin  in  1864.  He  commenced  steainboating  in  British 
Columbia  in  188.5  on  t'"-'  llitliam  Irving.  He  was  engaged 
with  the  Caiiailian  Pacific  Navigation  Company  on  various 
steamers  for  several  years.  At  present  he  is  not  following  the 
water. 

Russell,  .\rthur,  Victoria,  B.  C,  steward  of  steamer 
/slander. 

Rus  ell,  Thomas,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or. 

Russif,  A.,  Victoria,  B.  C,  has  run  as  mate  on  sailing  ves- 
sels coastwise  since  1S85. 

Ruttcr,  John  H  ,  boalbuilder,  .Astoria,  Or.,  was  born  in 
I'jigland  in  1S40  He  has  been  engaged  in  boatbuilding  at 
Astoria  for  nearly  twenty  years.  .Vmoug  the  vessels  con- 
structed by  him  are  the  steamers  Rip  Van  Wiiikle,  A'atata, 
F..  L.  Divyer,  Wattnski,  schooners  Astoria,  Hustler,  pilot 
schooner  Governor  Afoody,  sealing  schooners  Hessie  A'ttZ/ccand 
Fisher  Maid. 

Ryan,  Alfred,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  been  engaged 
on  the  Sound  since  1888. 

Ryan,  J.  I).,  San  Francisco,  first  ofiicer  of  steamship  Wel- 
lington, vias  horn  in  Cape  Breton  in  1859.  He  commenced 
sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  steamer  Umatitia  in  1889. 

Ryder,  Robert,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  commenced 
his  marine  ser-ice  on  Lake  Huron  in  1883.  He  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  1890  and  joined  the  tug  I'elos.  He  was  after- 
ward on  the  Zona,  Mermaid,  .Mamie  aniX  others. 

Safiey,  William,  engineer,  Florence,  Or.,  has  been  run- 
ning on  Cc  ,s  Hay  in  \arious  capacities  since  1872,  most  of  the 
time  as  fireman  and  engineer. 

Sain,  W.  T.,  engineer.  Port  Hadlock,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1S67.  Hs  commenced  his  marine  work  on  the  A'ieliard 
Holyoke  in  18S9  as  fireman. 

Sale,  Charles,  engineer,  South  Bend,  Wash.,  was  born  at 
.sea  in  thj  .South  Pacific  Ocean  in  1858.  He  began  tugboat- 
ing  on  the  Columbia  River  bar  in  1S75  on  the  Astoria, 
Coluiiihia  and  lirenliam,  remaining  there  for  about  si.x  years. 
He  then  ran  on  the  steamer  .South  Hen.l  or.  Slioalwater  Bay 
four  years,  leaving  her  for  the  tug  Hunter,  where  he  ran  two 
years  and  afterward  the  steani;:r  .  Harm  for  the  same  length  of 
time. 

.Salte,  .\.  i;..  Astoria,  Or.,  master  of  steamer  O.  A'.,  has  been 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1880.  He  has  h.'iil  his  present  com- 
mand for  the  past  four  yjais. 

.Saltonslall,  J.  W.,  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1849.  He  came  to 
the  Pac'lic  Coasl  in  1875,  and,  having  previously  run  in  the 
Pacific  Mail  Hue  from  New  York  to  .\spiuwall,  he  enlere<l  their 
employ  at  San  Franci.sco,  running  )"'rst  to  Panama  and  afler- 
wanl  to  Cliiuii  and  .Australia.  He  has  recently  been  engageil 
on  the  steamship  Kiiipire  as  second  assistant  engineer. 

S.".maritU  Robert,  male  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1^58,  and  began  in  the  coasting  tr.ade  on  the 
Pacific  ill  S72.  He  has  also  served  as  master  of  several  differ- 
ent  steamers,  and  has  recently  been  engaged  as  male  on  the 
schooner  Twilight. 

Sampson,  Charles,  steward  of  steamship  Warrimoo, 

Sanders,  Charles,  mate  ami  master,  Astoria,  Or. 

.Sanders,  Capt.  F.  H.,  began  sailing  out  of  San  I"ra  ici.-ico 
coastwise  in  1869  and  is  at  present  master  of  the  schooner 
Ahalde. 

Sanders,  S..  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Saunders,  Frank  P.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  mate  of  steamer 
Ciilih. 

.Saxe,  C.  G..  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Russia 
in  1846  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S69  and  joined  the 
ship  Flizabeth  Kimball,  on  which  he  served  Jis  sailor  and 
second  male  with  Captain  Keller  until  the  vessel  was  lost  in 
1873.  He  has  since  lieen  engaged  as  ni.ite  and  master  on  a 
score  of  well  known  coasters,  and  for  the  past  year  has  been  on 
the  schooner  Piti  itan. 

.Scandrell,  .A.  J  ,  .San  I'raucisco.  first  assistant  engineer  of 
steamshi])  .Suite  of  California,  has  also  served  on  the  San  I\ihto 
and  /.('■•  .  l/i);eles. 

Schiller,  C,  Vancouver,  B.  C  ,  secoi'il  steward  on  steam- 
ship Fmpiess  of  China. 

Schilling,  J.  F  ,  engineer,  Finpire  Cily,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1863.  He  comineiued  his  v  irine  service  on  Coot. 
Bav  i  :  188S  on  the  steamer  Hiitther  Hoy,  ami  afterward  ran  on 


9^Bm 


488 


Lewis  <?  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


the  Express,  Montesano,  Yarro,  and  a  number  of  other  bay 
steamers, 

Schmidt,  John,  master  mariner,  has  been  sailing  north 
from  San  Franci3co  since  1879,  most  of  the  time  in  the  coal 
trade. 

Schrader,  Capt.  Paul,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1850  and 
commenced  going  to  sea  in  1866.  His  first  marine  work  in  tlie 
Northwest  was  on  the  Augusta.  He  has  since  handled  her  and 
the  /K  H.  Hamson  on  different  coast  routes. 

Schroder,  F.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Schult;.,  Charles,  mate  on  sailing  vessels. 

Scott,  A.,  mate  and  second  mate  on  coasting  vessels. 

Scott,  Alexander,  keeper  of  the  life-saving  station  at  Ban- 
don,  Or.,  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1H48.  He  came  to  Port 
Orford  in  18S9  and  was  engaged  in  sealing  and  fishing  there  for 
a  number  of  years  before  being  appointed  to  his  present 
position. 

Scott,  James,  Astoria,  Or.,  engineer  of  Colutnhia  River 
Lightship  No.  jo. 

Scott,  John  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Scott,  J.  W.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Scott,  O.  VV.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in 
i860.  He  commenced  his  marine  service  in  New  York  City  in 
1877,  running  on  the  principal  steamship  lines  out  of  that 
metropolis.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  as  first  a.ssistant  on 
the  steamship  Sin  Benito  and  has  since  remained  willi  her 

Seal,  C.  ''  ,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  second  officer  of  steamship 
Empress  of  Japan. 

Sears,  Albert  A.,  mate  and  master,  Victoria,  B.  C,  wa .  born 
in  New  Brunswick  in  1864  and  came  to  Vancouver,  B.  C,  in 
1891.  He  was  first  engaged  on  the  Comox  as  mate,  in  1893  was 
master  of  the  Coquitlam,  and  has  recently  been  running  as  first 
officer  on  the  steamer  K.  I\  Rilhef. 

Settem,  H.  U.,  mate,  Knappton,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Nor- 
way in  1869  and  has  been  engaged  on  several  small  steamers  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River. 

Severy,  D.  E.,  engineer,  Florence,  Or.,  was  born  in  Illinois 
in  1868  and  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Siuslaw  River  in 
18S9. 

Sewall,  Arthur  N.,  master  of  American  ship  lieiij.  .Seirall. 

Shade,  Reuben,  engineer,  Tacoma.  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1839  and  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Ohio  River 
o'l  the  Telegraph  No.  j.  He  was  afterward  engaged  on  the 
Missouri  and  Mississippi  rivers,  running  between  St,  I.ouis  and 
Fort  Benton.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  18.S8,  his  first  work 
being  as  second  assista:it  on  the  Ciorge  E.  Starr.  He  went 
from  her  to  the  Quickstep  and  other  steamers,  where  he  worked 
four  years,  and  then  entered  the  employ  of  the  Electric  Light 
Works  at  Tacoma. 

Shagrin,  Capt.  Charles,  Nahcotta,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  1852.  Hi"  began  sailing  sloops  on  Shoalwater  Bay 
in  1877. 

Shaver,  Lincoln,  mate  and  pilot,  PorUand,  Or. 

Shaw,  Andrew,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  York,shirc, 
England,  in  1819,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  only  person  now 
livi',;  who  came  out  on  the  I'rincess  Royal  when  she  was 
'-,  ought  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  On  his  arrival  at  Victoria  he 
went  to  work  on  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  steamer  /iiazer. 
Captain  Dodd.  From  her  he  was  transferred  to  the  ( ^ter,  and 
during  his  long  career  has  served  on  all  of  that  company's 
ves.selswith  Captains  Spring,  Mouatt,  McKay,  Jones  and  others. 
Al  different  times  he  was  also  connected  with  various  oilier 
steam  and  sailing  craft  in  the  Northwest,  among  them  being 
the  schooners  A'ate,  Sail  /^iego,  Mary  Ami,  Mink,  Morning 
Star,  steamers  Emily  Harris,  Eliza  Anderson,  and  others. 

Shaw,  H,  G.,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  second  officer  ol  s  eamship 
Tacoma. 

Shearer,  George  W.,  master  and  pilot,  Renton,  Wash. 

Shearer,  James,  engineer,  Renton,  Wash. 

Sheel,  C,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1858.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1881  and  for  some  years 
has  been  running  in  the  Sandwich  Islands  trade  on  the 
schooners  Robert  Lewers,  Alice  Cook  and  Aloha,  having  been 
connected  with  the  latter  for  the  past  two  years. 

Sheldrop,  J.,  mate  on  coasting  vessels. 

Sbellgren,  E.,  purser  and  steamboat  owner,  Long  Branch, 
Wash. 

Shephard,  E.  C,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Montreal,  Canada,  in  1850,  and  has  been  engaged  in  British 
Columbia  waters  since  1887. 

Shephard,  F.  F.,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  New 
York  in  185S.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1878  and 
entered  the  marine  service,  first  as  oiler  on  the  steamship  Sania 
Cruz.  He  was  also  on  the  .Slate  0/  California,  Mariposa  and 
Santa  Rosa  as  oiler  and  water-tender,  and  was  then  with  the 


City  of  Chesler  as  second  assistant  for  a  year.  He  was  after- 
ard  first  assistant  on  the  steamships  Ferndale,Mary  D.  Hume 
and  Gyp^y,  running  on  the  latter  vessel  four  years,  and  leaving 
her  in  (October,  1893,  for  the  Honita,  where  l.e  has  since 
remaine<l. 

Shibles,  Capt.  Peter,  Port  Hadlock,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1859.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Louise  on 
Puget  Sound  in  18S4.  He  was  afterward  mate  on  the  steamers 
Josephine  and  Richard  Holyokc,  master  of  the  SI.  Patrick  for 
two  years,  and  of  the  Louise  for  the  past  five  years. 

Shirley,  James,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1853  and 
commenced  liis  marine  service  with  the  White  Star  line.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1882  on  the  steamship  Arabic  and 
has  since  been  engaged  on  a  number  of  well  known  steamships 
as  second,  third  and  first  assistant.  He  has  recently  been 
engaged  as  first  assistant  on  the  steamer  Cleone. 

Short,  Miles,  assistant  engineer  of  steamship  Santa  Cruz. 

Short,  Thomas,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Shroll,  J.  T.,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  master  of  steamer  Mela. 

Shubert,  H.  C,  steward  on  coasting  steamships,  was  for 
eight  years  in  the  United  States  Navy.  He  is  at  present  on  the 
steamship  Humboldt. 

Siggius,  James,  engine  r,  Portland,  Or.,  was  born  in  Ire- 
land in  1849.  He  began  on  the  Columbia  River  steamer  Di.vie 
Thompson  in  1879.  He  was  afterward  engaged  on  Sound 
steamers  and  ran  on  the  Monticello  with  Captain  Hatch. 

Sighorst,  Capt.  A.,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1843.  After 
coming  to  this  country  he  ran  on  Atlantic  sailin;^  vessels  for  a 
time,  and  began  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  \\\  1S63  on  the 
schooner  Union  Eorever,  running  out  of  San  Francisco.  Dur- 
ing his  thirty-tw(;  years  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  he  has  been  on  the- 
schooners  Mary  Ellen,  Theresa,  Mary  Jiuhne,  Esther  lluhne 
and  Ottiija  Fjord.  He  has  held  master's  papers  for  twenty-one 
years. 

Sikmund,  Frank,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  1857.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Rip  Van 
Winkle  at  Seattle  in  1885  and  has  since  served  on  the  Mabel 
and  numerous  oiher  Sound  steamers. 

Silovich,  John,  San  Francisco,  master  of  tug  Reliance,  has 
been  in  the  tugboat  service  on  San  Francisco  bar  eleven  years. 

Simpson,  William,  engineer.  South  Bend,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  Buffalo,  N.  V.,  in  1841.  He  has  been  eng.iged  in  the  North- 
west since  1SS7,  most  of  the  time  on  Shoalwater  Bay. 

Slater,  G.  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Slater.  John,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  has  been  running  out 
of  >San  l'"rancisco  since  1873.  lie  first  ran  as  mate  on  the  Two 
lUothcrs  and  Majestic,  and  then  took  command  of  the  Oriental, 
which  he  sailed  for  five  years.  He  tluii  had  charge  of  the 
.lureola  four  years,  leaving  her  for  the  Wilna,  which  he  has 
connuauded  fur  the  past  six  years,  running  in  the  Nanaimo  coal 
trade. 

Sloan,  E.  G.,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1837  and  was 
engaged  for  twenty  years  as  purser  on  Mississippi  River  boats. 
In  1SS2  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Kelloggs  of  Portland,  Or., 
running  as  purser  on  their  steamers  /t;.V(/A  Kellogg  and  North- 
west, and  also  acting  as  agent  for  them. 

Smart,  John  W.,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  Brun.swick  in 
1,844.  lie  commenced  his  marine  work  on  the  steamer  Eliza 
.InJerson  in  1SS4,  running  with  her  and  the  steamer  Wash- 
ington until  1888,  when  he  accepted  a  position  with  the  I'nion 
Electric  Company  of  Seattle,  with  whom  he  has  si^       remained. 

Smith,  A.  J.,  retired  purser,  Portland,  Or.,  was  i  iigaged  on 
the  Calliope  and  a  number  of  Willamette  River  steamers  in  the 
early  part  of  the  eighties. 

Smith,  Axel,  engineer,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1846.  He 
joined  the  marine  service  in  Sweden,  leaving  there  in  1867  to 
come  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  On  his  arrival  at  San  Francisco  he 
began  running  as  first  assistant  engineer  on  the  tug  Gcliah, 
and  was  afterward  oiler  and  first  assistant  011  the  steamships 
A'e7t'  World  atid  Yosemiteon  Puget  Sounil  for  three  year  li » 
tlien  went  as  chief  on  the  tug  .Mary  Ann  on  Humboi'  tmr, 
remaining  there  seventeen  yep-".  He  then  placed  the  ,  •'" 
in  the  steaniet  National  City  and  has  been  running  as  chiei  o., 
hei  since. 

Smith,  Charles,  mate.  Port  Blakely,  Wash.,  began  his 
marine  career  in  the  Northwest  in  1865.  He  is  at  present  con- 
nected with  the  ship  Kate  Davenport. 

Smith,  Capt.  Charles,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1838.  He  began  .sailing  north  from  San  Jrancisco 
in  1880  and  was  engaged  on  sailing  vessels  for  several  years, 
among  them  being  the  ships  Elizaheth  Kimball,  Dai.d 
Hoadl  yanii  bark  Revere.  Recently  he  has  !ieer  r.' vi  ling  the 
steam  lauu' n  l^illa  at  Port  Toviiseu'l  -un'rag  as  i.a'itcr  and 
engineer. 

Smith,  Capt.  Charles  D.,  was  lorn  in  Pot  V  i"  lend, 
Wash.,  in  1858,  and  is  a  son  of  the  pioneer  Capt.  Henry  Smith, 


iJPI 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


489 


[e  was  after- 

iry  D.  Hume 

and  leaving 

e   has  since 

was  born  in 
he  Louise  ow 
tlie  steamers 
(.  Patrick  for 
s. 

I  in  1853  and 
tar  line.  He 
p  Arabic  and 
n\  steamships 
■ecently  been 

Santa  Cruz. 

uer  Mela. 
ships,  was  for 
present  on  the 

s  born  in  Ire- 
steamer  Di.rie 
ed    on    .Sound 

Hatch, 
in   1S43.     .^fter 
g  vessels  for  a 

in  1S63  on  the 
rancisco.  Dm 
lias  been  on  tin-- 

Esther  ISuhiie 

for  twenty-one 

1.,  was  born  in 
on  the  h'ip  I 'an 
I  on  the  JIfabel 

g  Kcliance,  has 
ar  eleven  years. 
Wash.,  was  born 
m1  in  the  North- 
r  Hay. 

leen  runninn  out 
ate  on  the  Tzco 
of  the  Oriental. 
charge  of  the 
',  which  he  has 
le  Nanaimo  coal 

In  1837  and  was 
ppi  River  boats, 
of  Portland,  Or., 
7i)i,',i,'  and  Nortli- 

p.>v  Brunswick  in 
le  steamer  Eliza 
e  steamer  IVas/i- 

I  with  the  Inion 
iLinained. 

,  was  I  ngaged  on 
r  steamers  in  the 

av  iu  1846.     He 

there  in  1867  to 

Sun  rrancisco  he 

the  tug  Goliali. 

II  the  steamships 
three  year       li" 

n  Humbd'  \w:, 
laced  the  ,  ■"" 
nning  as  chiei  o.. 

/ash.,  began  his 
is  at  preM-nt  con- 

ash.,  was  born  in 
om  San  Trancisco 
for  several  years, 
Kimball,  Dai.d 
leer  n'vi.  ting  the 
iig  Bs  1;  a'ltcr  anil 

Pr,:i  ';  )'J    iend, 
ipt.  Henry  Smith, 


with  whom  he  commenced  steamboating  on  the  Elta  White. 
He  was  master  of  the  tug  Estelle  for  nearly  three  years  leaving 
her  three  days  before  she  was  wrecked.  He  also  ran  for  a 
short  time  as  pilot  on  the  Islander,  and  for  the  past  year  has 
had  command  of  the  Elta  ll'/iile. 

Smith,  Charles  T.,  engineer,  Asto:ia,  Or. 

Smith,  E.  A.,  .steward,  Nelson,  B.  C. 

Smith,  Capt.  R.  \V.,  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1855.  He 
began  steamboating  on  the  Comet  on  Puget  Sound  in  1877  and 
has  recently  been  master  of  the  steamer  11^.  F.  Muntoe. 

Smith,  I'orbes  A.,  engineer.  Portland,  Or,  was  born  in 
Oregon  City  in  1872.  His  work  has  been  mostly  in  connection 
with  steamers  in  the  Oregon  Railv  __.  &  Navigation  Company's 
boneyard  at  Portland. 

Smith,  Frederick  K.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Oregon  City  in 
1864.  He  conimenced  steamboating  as  fireman  on  the  Idaho 
in  1880,  and  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Railway  S: 
Navigation  Company  almost  continuously  since,  running  most 
of  the  time  on  the  Columbia  River,  although  he  was  engaged 
for  a  while  on  Puget  Sound.  l>'or  the  past  few  years  he  has 
been  chief  engineer  of  the  steamer  Ocklahama. 

Smith,  Capt.  H.  B.,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1855.  He  has 
been  sailing  out  of  Northwestern  ports  since  i88i,  nearly  all  of 
the  time  as  master.  He  was  for  seven  years  in  charge  of  the 
schooner  Una,  leaving  her  in  1890  to  take  the  Gardiner  City, 
from  which  he  was  transferred  to  the  Zampa.  He  next  was  in 
charge  of  the  schooner  Sadie,  where  he  has  since  remained  and 
with  which  he  has  made  some  splendid  runs. 

Smith,  Henry  S. ,  engineer,  I, a  Center,  Wash. 

Smith,  Hiram,  steward,  San  I'rancisco. 

Smith,  James,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  sixth  assistant  engineer  of 
steamship  I'tnfiress  of  Cnin  1. 

Smith,  James,  Gardine.,  Or,,  mate  on  Co'^s  Bay  steamers. 

Smith,  James,  engi'icer,  was  born  in  Scocland  in  1S54.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  about  1880  and  ran  for  a  short  time 
on  the  steamer  (".  .1A  lielshaw  on  ,San  I'rancisco  Hay.  He 
then  went  to  the  Columbia  River,  where  he  was  engaged  for 
three  years  on  the  steamer  A.  II.  Field.  He  was  next  on  the 
Tillamook  steamer  .Minnie  Afitler  for  two  years,  leaving  her  to 
run  in  the  coasting  tr.ule  on  the  steamer  Dolphin.  About  1S90 
he  was  appointed  engineer  of  the  tug/.  M.  Coleman  on  Gray's 
Harbor  and  Shoalwater  Bay,  where  lie  has  since  remained. 

Smith,  James  J.,  engineer,  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  California  in  1S64.  His  first  marine  work  in  the 
Northwest  was  on  the  steamer  Estelle.  He  is  at  present  en- 
gaged on  the  steamer  Alert. 

Smith,  Joseph  H.,  engineer  of  ocean  steamships,  was  bom 
in  Liverpool,  luiglaiid,  in  18(3,  and  scrve<l  for  a  long  time  in 
the  Spanish  Navy.  He  ran  for  several  years  in  the  Nanaimo 
coal  trade  as  chief  engineer  of  the  steamship  Empire. 

Smith,  I,.  C,  mate,  Olynipia,  Wash.,  began  steamboating 
oil  He  v.'nlunibia  River  in  iS,S4. 

S"iil\i,  L.  I).,  engineer,  Pairhaven,  \Vash.,  was  born  in 
^  i>-i\\..  Cal.,  and  has  been  steamboating  on  Z'uget  Sound  since 

^•'ii'f  ,  Peter  E.,  San  Krancisco,  engineer  of  steamer  Green- 
■ -u  -cimenced  his  marine  service  on  the  Willamette  River 
ii;  t■i^^ 

^■'  it'  'inmas,  engineer,  was  born  in  I/igland  in  1.S65  and 
iias  1  '  .r.  oi.iurted  witli  the  marine  business  for  sixteen  years. 
He  coi  ■■..iti"  1  in  the  Norlliv.esl  in  1885011  the  ll'alla  U'alla. 
and  has  i  ciiitly  been  engaged  as  third  assislaiil  on  the  steam- 
ship Queen. 

Smith,  Tlioma-i,  master  mariner,  San  I'rancisco. 

Smith,  Capt.  Thomas  G.,  Stanwood,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  185^  and  commenced  steamboating  on  Pngel  Sound 
on  the  Su.'iie  in  ■885. 

Smith,  W.  J.,  Taconia,  Wash.,  third  officer  of  steanis'iip 
Taconia. 

Smith,  William  A.,  engineer,  was  born  at  Olynipia  a'ash., 
in  1863.  He  began  his  marine  work  on  the  schooner  Ernest 
and  was  aflerward  on  the  steamers  Ruby,  Joe  Adams,  Rip  \'an 
Winkle,  Fanny  Lake,  lilakely,  Evan^'l  and  others. 

Smith,  William  G.,  mate,  Hoodsport,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
P.verly,  Mass.  He  began  steamboating  in  1S69  on  Puget 
•  ouiid  on  the  Cyrus  Walker,  and  was  afterward  mate  on  the 
''not  le  i.':'\  the  y'akima. 

Si.ydei,  C.  W.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wasa.,  lias  been  con- 
iCLted  with  the  marine  business  for  seventeen  years. 

Snyder,  Samuel  S. ,  engineer,  Sunshine,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  Ohio.  He  began  steamboating  on  the  Coquille  River  on  the 
Little  .Innie,  remaining  with  her  several  years,  and  then  going 
to  Tillamook,  where  he  was  employed  on  the  General  Gaifield 
and  Rosie  Ohen.  He  next  went  to  Shoalwater  Bay,  where  he 
was  engaged  on  the  Restless.  Mr.  Snyder  has  also  been 
employed  on  Puget  Sound  steamers. 


Sorenson,  E.,  shipbuilder,  Ballard,  Wash.,  has  been  build- 
ing steam  and  sailing  vessels  in  the  Northwest  for  the  p-ist 
twenty  years.  His  best  known  production  on  the  Willamette 
was  the  steamship  Vaquina,  and,  on  the  Sound,  the  sleamtr 
Monticello. 

Sorenson,  Capt.  P.  C,  Cceur  d'Alene,  Idaho,  was  born  in 
Norway  in  1833,  and  has  been  engaged  in  building  and  operating 
.steam  and  sailing  craft  all  his  life.  He  built  the  first  steamer 
on  Cceur  d'Alene  I.ake,  and  has  also  constructed  a  great  many 
small  steamers  for  the  interior  waters  of  the  Northwest. 

Sparling,  Capt.  Fred  H.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Detroit,  Mich.,  in  1S62.  His  steamboat  experience  in  the 
Northwest  was  confined  to  his  foolhardy  trip  with  the  old 
Wide  West.  He  left  here  shortly  afterward,  and  during  the 
Chilean  War  was  engaged  on'  the  celebrated  battleship 
Nichteroy. 

Spaulding,  Capt.  George  C,  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  had 
charge  of  the  llee.  Hasp  and  other  small  towboats. 

Spencer,  Capt.  Edward,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1847.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  about  1872  and  entered  the  employ 
of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  on  the  steamer 
/ionila.  He  remained  with  tlie  company  in  different  capac- 
ities for  nearly  twelve  years,  and  during  that  time  performed 
considerable  work  as  a  submarine  diver.  In  that  capacity  he 
has  worked  on  the  Ainsworth  Bridge  on  the  Columbia  River, 
the  Morrison  Street  Bridge  on  the  Willamette,  and  the  coal 
bunkers  at  Taconia.  He  was  one  of  the  owners  of  the  steamer 
City  0/ .Sellicood,  which  ran  for  several  years  between  Portland 
and  that  thriving  suburb.  Captain  Spencer  moved  to  Ilwaco, 
Wash.,  several  yea.s  ago  and  has  since  held  the  position  of 
pilot  commissioner  for  three  terms. 

vSpieseke,  Oswin,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wasih.,  was  born  in 
Berlin  in  1S61.  He  commenced  steamboating  on  Puget  Sound 
in  1S77  on  the  steamer  Phantom,  going  from  her  to  the  Miry 
Taylor,  Fanny  and  tug  Taeoma  until  1879,  when  he  entereil 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  shops  at  Taconia,  remaining 
there  until  18S2.  He  subsequently  ran  for  a  .short  time  as 
second  assistant  on  the  steamers  Taeoma  and  Olynipia,  and 
then  went  to  San  Francisco  and  joined  the  steamship  Australia 
as  water-tender.  On  returning  to  the  Sound  he  was  chief 
engineer  of  the  tugs  A'alie,  Taeoma  anil  /.  .'i'.  .Me/hniald.  He 
went  around  to  the  Colombia  River  with  the  Olympian  in  i8gi 
and  on  his  return  we' t  to  the  sleamer  /'olilko/sAy,  where  he 
has  since  remained. 

Spieseke,  William,  engineer,  was  born  in  Prussia  in  1832. 
He  began  steainlioating  on  Puget  Sound  on  the  Faz'orile  in 
1873  and  has  run  on  the  steamers  /'han  om,  .S.  /,.  .Uasliek, 
'Taconia,  Pulitko/sky  and  others. 

Spigcr,  Henry,  engineer,  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1S48  and  has 
been  engaged  in  the  marine  business  for  twenty-nine  years. 
He  began  on  the  Ohio  River  and  c  line  to  Puget  Sound  in  18S3, 
where  his  first  work  was  on  the  steamer  Glide.  He  was 
siibseciuently  on  the  .Uigiista,  Rip  I 'an  Winkle.  Oueen  City, 
,/.  /;'.  Hoyden,  />es/'ateli,  Fanny  Lake,  City  of  Ellensliurg  aiid 
Afouiitaineer. 

Spolfoiil,  V,.  R.,  engineer,  Marshfield,  Or.,  was  in  the 
marine  business  on  Lake  Superior  tiiglioats,  and  has  also 
followed  his  calling  on  the  tugs  Hunter  ■.\ni\  Liherly  on  Coos 
Bay. 

Spong,  Capt.  .\.  J.,  was  born  in  Oregon  in  1,858.  He  com- 
nieiiceil  steamboating  on  the  Orient  in  1887  and  was  afterward 
mate  on  the  l>eiidenl.  X.  .S".  Henlley  and  Three  Sislei  v.  Since 
April,  1891,  he  has  been  alternately  master  of  the  Latona  and 
Ramona,  owned  by  the  Oregon  City  Transportation  Company. 

Sprall,  Clias.  J.  V.,  steamboat  owner,  Victoria,  H.  C,  is  a 
son  of  the  late  Capt.  Joseph  Spratl  anil  was  born  in  \'ictoria 
in  1873.     He  i-.  also  the  proprietor  of  Spratt's  wharf 

Springsteen,  B.  1'.,  chief  engineer.  Napa  City,  Cal.,  was 
boin  in  Albai.y,  N.  V.,  in  1825.  He  cominenced  steamboating 
on  the  Hudson  River  in  1S40,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in 
1851,  and  was  for  a  long  time  in  the  employ  of  the  California 
Steam  Navigation  Company.  In  1861  he  was  running  north 
as  third  assistant  on  the  llrother  Jonathan.  Since  that  time 
he  has  been  engaged  on  steamers  in  California  waters. 

Stannard,  Edward  F.,  master  of  steam  and  sailing  vessels, 
was  born  in  Westport,  Conn.,  in  1842.  His  last  work  in  the 
Northwest  was  on  the  steamship  George  W.  Elder. 

Stanton,  Thomas,  shipbuilder.  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Staples,  Lorin  S.,  bar  pilot,  Astoria,  Or. 

Starr,  Charles,  mate  of  the  bark  Fairchild,  has  been  coast- 
ing on  the  Pacific  since  1871  in  the  coal  and  lumber  trade. 

.Starr,  William,  mate  and  master,  Astoria,  Or. 

.Slaveley,  Edward  C,  purser,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Steele,  Capt.  John,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Rhode 
Island  in  1858,  and  has  been  employed  on  British  Columbia 
steamers  since  1887. 


490 


Lewis  <f  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


steel,  Robert,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  in  1857.  lie  coninitnced  running  out  of  Vic- 
toria five  years  ago  and  has  recently  been  engaged  as  second 
assistant  on  tlie  steamer  yo««. 

Stephens,  Charles,  steamship  mate,  was  boru  in  Russia  in 
1S51  and  began  sailing  out  of  Rotterdam,  Ilollaml,  when  a  boy. 
He  arrived  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1874,  and  worked  as  quarter- 
master on  the  steamships  Afolwiigo,  Co)islilii/ioii,  Pacific,  and 
as  third  oflicer  on  the  steamers  .liicoii,  C'onslanliiie  and  I'ic- 
loric.  He  has  been  on  the  Stale  of  California  for  the  past 
thirteen  years,  three  years  as  second  officer,  three  years  as  third 
officer,  and  seven  years  as  first  officer. 

Steve,  Augustus,  mate  on  coasting  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Stevens,  Capt.  Francis,  was  born  in  Vancouver,  Wash.,  in 
185H  and  began  steaniboathig  iu  1878.  He  has  run  as  mate, 
master  and  pilot  on  the  Columbia  River  and  on  I'uget  Sound 
steamers,  and  has  recently  been  connected  with  the  Van- 
couver Ferry. 

Stevens,  Frank,  master  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Stevenson,  Bdward,  engineer,  Victoria,  li.  C,  was  born  in 
Newcastle,  Kngland.  in  1866.  He  came  to  llritisli  Columbia  in 
1SS7,  serving,  first  as  assistant  engineer  on  the  tug  I'ilnl  for  two 
years  and  then  working  in  the  Albion  Iron  Works.  For  the 
past  five  years  he  has  been  engaged  on  the  steal*  'li-i  Costa 
Rica,  on  which  he  is  at  present  first  assistant. 

Stewart,  A.  J.,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Stewart,  Charles  K  ,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Stewart,  Capt.  Charles  K.,  Edmonds,  Wash.,  coninn.^ 
his  marine  work  on  the  Sound  in  1889  on  the  tug  Holyoke. 

Stickler.  G.  M  ,  Oregon  City,  Or.,  was  born  in  renn.sylvania 
in  1836.  Wbile  iu  the  employ  of  the  People's  Transportation 
Company  he  assisted  iu  constructing  the  Alhiny,  /iaylon.  Suc- 
cess, xMcMiiiiiville  and  Senator.  Mr,  Stickler  has  retired  from 
siiipbuildiug. 

Still,  Capt.  Walter,  was  born  in  England  in  1853.  He 
entered  the  marine  business  iu  1874  at  Utsalady  on  the  steamer 
l.innie.  He  was  afterward  on  the  Gertrude,  running  to  the 
Stickeeu  River  and  Ala.ska,  and  also  on  the  tug  lilakcly, 
steamers  //ormt  and  /><•  Haro,  carrying  mail,  freight  ami 
passengers  out  of  I'airhaven. 

Stiuson,  Benjamin  V.,  Seattle,  Wash.,  engineer  of  SLcanier 
Mary  l\  'Icy. 

Slockfleth.  Capt.  John,  was  born  in  Ge-inany  in  1847. 
He  came  to  the  Facific  Coast  in  1867  and  joined  the  .ship  AY 
/^onii/w  at  ,San  I'rancisco.  lie  was  next  mate  on  the  schooner 
/)ashi»g  li^ave  and  afterward  secouil  mate  on  the  bark  .-irc/ii- 
led.  He  subseciuently  entered  the  employ  of  Hobbs,  Wall 
&  Co.  as  master  of  the  schooner  f.  C'.  ll\jtt,  continuing  there 
for  eight  years.  Captain  Stocklleth  then  took  command  of  the 
steadier  Crescent  City,  which  he  ran  for  eight  years,  leaving 
her  i.^  1890  to  go  to  the  steamer  />el  Norte,  where  he  has  since 
had  chirge. 

St'-  :ie,  Charles,  agent  of  the  Columbia  River  &  I'uget 
Sound  Navigation  Company,  Astoria,  t)r. 

Stoneman,  Capt.  John  W.,  began  steamboating  on  the 
middle  Columbia  in  1877,  having  previously  sailed  in  deep- 
water  ships  all  over  the  world  He  was  overseer  of  the  con- 
struction of  the  Columbia  River  Jetty  from  its  inception. 

Strand,  C.  F.,  mate  and  master,  San  Francisco,  was  born 
in  Norway  iu  1866.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1S83  and 
has  been  engaged  on  a  number  of  well  known  coasting 
steamers. 

Strantinan,  F.,  mate  and  second  mate  on  sailing  vessels, 
San  Francisco. 

Stromherg,  John,  engineer.  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was 
born  in  Sweden  iu  liib$.  He  came  to  the  Sound  in  1SS6,  served 
four  years  on  the  revenue  cutter  Oliver  ll'olcnil,  and  has  since 
been  eug.igeil  on  the  tugs  Collis,  Holyoke,  /Jiscoie/y,  au<l  the 
steamer  .Ingcles. 

Stuart,  C,  captain  of  the  life  savin.;  station  at  Fort  Canby, 
Wash. 

Studdert,  Hugh,  engineer,  Roche  Harbor,  Wash.,  was  born 
iu  Ireland  iu  iS6<j.  He  comnienceil  steamboating  on  Pnget 
Souuil  in  1886  on  the  /.  I!,  /.ihliy.  He  w.is  afterward  on  the 
steamship  H^ilmington  until  she  burned,  and  then  went  to  the 
steamer  llarry  I.yini. 

Stull,  John  F.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash  ,  was  boru  in 
Toronto,  Cauaila,  in  1869.  he  began  his  marine  work  on  the 
steamer  Politkofskv  iu  1888,  ami  afterward  served  as  engineer 
on  the  steamers  Volga,  (iiide,  lirace,  A'irklam/  and  ( '.  C.  Calk- 
ins, leaving  the  water  to  take  the  position  of  chief  engineer  at 
the  Madison  Street  Power-house. 

Stutsman,  Henry,  engineer,  was  born  iu  Iowa  in  1859. 
He  began  steamboating  on  the  Columbia  River  in  1877  on  ilie 
/.uckiamute  Chief.  He  was  afterward  on  the  City  of  Salem 
aud  chief  engineer  of  the   I^cwis   River  Transportation  Com- 


pany's steamers,  leaving  the  river  a  few  years  ago  to  accept  a 
position  as  chief  engineer  of  the  Burnside  Street  Bridge  at 
Portland. 

Sudlow,  Capt.  Thomas  M.,  was  born  on  the  .Vtlantic  Ocean 
in  1859  while  his  parents  were  en  route  from  Liverpool  to  New 
York,  His  first  work  was  in  New  York  harbor  on  the  steam 
pilot-boat  Hercules,  and  he  was  afterward  engaged  in  boating 
on  Yellowstone  L,ake.  He  came  to  I'uget  Sound  in  1887  and 
wh.5  employed  on  the  tug  Queen  City.  Captain  Suillow  was 
subsequently  on  the  I.auiel  and  a  number  of  other  well  known 
Sounil  steamers. 

Sullivan,  J.  D.,  engineer,  hns  been  running  on  vessels  out 
of  San  Francisco  since  1873,  when  he  began  on  the  steamer 
Ajar.  He  has  most  of  the  time  since  been  in  the  employ  of 
the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  aud  was  one  of  the  crew 
of  the  .yfonlana  when  she  burned  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  off 
Guaymas,  Mex. 

Sullivan,  John,  engineer,  was  born  iu  San  Francisco  in 
1867.  He  commenced  his  marine  service  on  the  steamship 
Humboldt  in  1883,  leaving  a  year  later  for  a  term  of  five  years 
in  a  machine  shop  He  was  afterward  first  assistant  on  the 
steamship  .Mexico,  and  for  three  years  was  second  assistant  on 
\\\e  City  of  Topeka.  In  1892  he  made  a  trip  north  on  the 
steamer/frtMic  with  supplies  for  the  whaling  fleet. 

Sullivan,  William,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Summers,  .\bner  H.,  engineer,  was  born  in  Oregon  City. 
Or.,  in  1S46,  anil  began  his  career  as  fireman  on  the  old 
steamer  (huonrd  in  1862,  running  on  the  Willamette  River. 
He  afterward  served  on  the  People's  Transportation  Com- 
pany's boats  Relief,  Enterprise,  Reliance,  Active,  A/daiiy, 
Fannie  Patton,  Echo,  Alice,  Shoo  Fly,  Success  and  Davton. 
Mr.  Si'.mniers  is  now  connected  with  the  steamer  Harvest  .Uoon. 

Sutherland,  John,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Sutherland,  Capt,  John,  Sapperton,  B.  C,  was  born  in  the 
Shetland  Islands  iu  1867  ami  came  to  the  Eraser  River  in  18S8. 
He  was  on  the  tug  /ris  for  two  years,  and  for  the  past  four 
years  has  been  master  of  the  tug  firunette. 

Svenson,  Capt.  .A,  W.,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in  Sweden 
iu  1859.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  18S0, 
beginning  as  <|uarterinaster  of  the  steamship  (henada.  He 
was  afterward  on  the  Oueen.  Santa  Rosa  aud  .Mexico,  and  was 
for  three  years  i;iate  on  the  schooner  courser.  He  was  then  in 
command  of  the  schooner  Ulakely,  subsequently  taking  charge 
of  the  old  bark  Southern  Chief. 

Svenson,  H..  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Norwav 
in  1S56.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  ^\\\^  Harvester 
in  1877,  anil  has  been  mate  on  a  large  numb  r  of  coiisting  ves- 
sels, at  present  holding  that  position  on  the  C.  li.  Kennry. 

Swain.  Frank  I)  ,  mate  and  master,  has  been  sailing  out  of 
San  I'rancisco  since  1885. 

Swain,  George,  steward,  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1882, 
He  served  on  a  number  of  sailing  vessels,  was  al.so  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Pacific  Coast  .Steamship  Company,  and  has 
recently  been  eng.iged  on  the  steamship  Mackinaw. 

Swan,  J,  Herbert,  Tacoma,  Wash,,  surgeon  of  steamshi]) 
yictoria. 

Sweeney,  I..  C,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  has  been  running 
north  from  San  Francisco  since  [8,83,  He  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  ship  India. 

Talbot,  W,  J,,  steward,  Porthuul,  Or. 

Tai.ucr,  John,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash,,  began  on  Pnget 
Sounrl  in  1889  on  the  steam  schooner  Lucy  /.owe.  He  lias 
since  been  connected  with  a  uninber  of  small  steamers,  of  some 
of  which  he  was  part  owner. 

Tarte,  .\lfre<l  .\.,  engineer,  Blaine,  Wash,,  was  boru  in 
l->i|iiiiualt,  B.  C,  in  i8<)5.  He  has  been  employed  on  the 
/Irick,  Ez'ani;el  ami  other  steamers  run  by  Ca])t.  James  W. 
Tarte, 

Taylor,  I).  O. ,  purser,  has  been  employed  on  the  I.urline 
and  other  steamers  belonging  to  Jacob  Kamm. 

Taylor,  William,  master  of  American  ship  Reaper. 

Tell.  John  II.,  master  and  pilot,  Portland.  Or. 

Tew,  Oreu  I^.,  engineer.  .Shelton,  Wash.,  has  served  on  the 
steamers  .therdeen,    Clan    .VcPtoiald,    City    of   .Iherdeen  and 

;/■(•///,•. 

Tew,  Capt.  Thomas  S  ,  Seattle,  Wash, 

Thain,  John,  engineer,  Victoria,  II,  C  ,  was  born  in  prance. 
He  served  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years  at  the  Thames  Iron 
Works  in  I.onilon,  England,  going  from  there  to  Singapore, 
India,  where  he  jc)ined  a  coasting  steamer  as  second  assistant. 
He  remained  in  the  employ  of  a  number  of  Oriental  steamship 
companies  until  1.S87,  when  he  joined  the  steamship  /lanube 
aud  came  to  Victoria  as  first  assistant  He  is  at  present  chief 
engineer  of  the  steamer, 

Thaiii,  M.  W,.  harbor  master  and  port  war<len  at  Van- 
couver, B.  C,  was  born  iu  St,  John's,  New  Brunswick,  in   1834, 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


491 


i;o  to  accept  a 
eel  Bridge  at 

illaiitic  Ocean 
erpool  to  Nrw 
•  on  the  steam 
;e(l  in  l)oating 
id  in  1S87  and 
n  Sudlow  was 
er  well  known 

on  vessels  onl 
ni  the  steamer 
the  employ  of 
me  of  the  crew 
California,  off 

,  I'rancisco  in 
the  steamship 
•m  of  five  years 
ssistant  on  the 
lid  assistant  on 
north  on  the 
el. 

San  Francisco. 
a  Oregon  City, 
an  on  the  old 
llaniette  Kiver. 
porlatioii  Com- 
ictivc,  Alhany, 
ess  and  Pay  ton. 
r  Harvest  Moon. 

was  horn  in  the 
;r  River  in  1888. 
or  the  past  four 

born  in  Sweden 
Coast  since  1S80, 
|)  Cniiiuta.  He 
Mexiio.  and  was 
He  was  then  in 
ly  taking  charge 

born  in  Norway 
ship  Harvistir 

of  coasting  vcs- 

A'liliin'. 
n  sailing  out  of 


/.' 


c  Coast  ill  1XS2. 
also  ill  llie  eni- 
pany,    and   has 

oil   of  steamship 

las  been  runninK 
las  recently  been 


began  on  I'uget 

l.iiirr.     lie  lias 

steamers,  of  some 


di 


was  born  111 
mploved  on  the 
Capt.'  James  \V. 


d  on  the  I.iiilitif 

Reaper. 

Or. 
lias  served  on  the 
of   .Iherdeen  and 


(  born  ill  I'rance. 

ibe  Thames  Iron 
lerc  to  Singapore, 

second  assistant. 
Oriental  steamship 
ileamship  Panube 
s  at  present  chief 

war<len  al  Van- 
rnnswick,  ill   1834, 


and  began  going  to  sea  when  a  mere  boy.  In  1855  he  was  mate 
of  an  .\niericaii  vessel  trading  to  Hongkong,  and  remained 
there  in  the  coasting  trade  for  several  months.  He  afterward 
was  sailing  on  lli^  .Atlantic  and  to  South  American  ports,  and 
on  coming  back  to  tlie  I*acific  Coast  spent  some  time  in  the 
I'raser  River  mines.  He  sulisecpiently  engaged  in  the  steve- 
doring business,  and  in  1SS5  was  appointed  harbor  master  at 
Vancouver,  whicli  ofiice  he  has  since  filled. 

Thatcher,  Joseph,  purser,  Whatcom,  Wash.,  has  been  con- 
nected with  tlie  sieaniers  Itlaho,  Paisy,  Eliza  Anderson  and 
Messenger  on  I'uget  Sound. 

Tlieilsen,  Capt.  Henry,  Tacoma,  Wasii.,  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1861  and  began  steamboating  in  1S7S.  He  has  owned 
several  small  steamers  on  the  Sound  and  at  present  is  in  com- 
mand of  the  steamer  /}liie  .Star  of  Tacoma.  Captain  Tlieilsen 
was  owner  of  the  steamer  Ji.  M.  Cnll,  burned  at  Allyn,  Wash., 
in  1892. 

Thoma.s,  Krskine,  engineer.  Seattle,  Wa.sh.,  was  born  in 
Massachusetts  in  1862.  He  commenced  work  on  the  Sound  on 
tlie  Eliza  Anderson  and  has  recently  been  in  the  employ  of  the 
Northwestern  Steamship  Company. 

Thomas,  Capt.  Frank,  Olyinpia,  Wash. 

Thomas,  W.  R.,  was  born  in  Oregon  City,  Or.,  and  is  a  .son 
of  John  T.  Thomas,  builder  of  the  Hoosier,  Carrie  /.add  and 
other  pioneer  .steamers.  lie  began  steamboating  on  the  Willa- 
mette River  in  1877,  ran  there  as  mate  and  engineer  for  several 
years,  and  afterward  went  to  the  Sound.  He  lias  recently  been 
engaged  oil  the  Oregon  Railw.ay  &  Navigation  Company's 
steamers  on  the  upper  Columbia  and  Snake  rivers. 

TiioinpSGU,  .\.,  San  I'rancisco,  master  of  schooner  liender 
III ,  liters. 

Thompson,  Harvey  K.,  engineer,  has  been  in  the  marii. 
business   for  sixteen   years.     He  began  service  on  the  Pacific- 
Coast  in   i8go.  and  has  run  as  chief  of  the  tugs  Astoria  and 
Traveler  ami  of  the  steamer  Signal.      He  has  held  a  similar 
position  for  two  years  (»n  the  steamer  Crescent  City. 

Thompson,  J.,  master  of  ship  Enphrosyne,  in  the  Liverpool 
,ind  Portland  grain  trade. 

Thompson,  J.  R.,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash.,  owner  of  steamer 
Lydia  Thompson. 

Thompson,  M.,  .San  Francisco,  ship  carpenter  of  schooner 
Aloha. 

Thompson,  Nicholas,  chief  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C  , 
was  born  in  Ivngland  in  1853.  He  commenced  his  marine 
service  in  the  Northwest  in  iS,SS  and  lias  recently  been  engaged 
on  the  tug  Tepic. 

Thompson,  T.,  San  Francisco,  master  of  bark  .S'.  C.  .Mien, 
was  born  in  Norway  in  1853  and  lias  been  sailing  out  of  San 
I'Vancisco  since  1S73.  He  brought  the  .-///<•«  out  from  the  Kast 
and  has  been  master  of  her  since. 

Tliumpson,  T.  H..  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  F'rancisco. 

Thompson,  Theodore,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  bom  in 
Norway  in  1856.  He  sailed  out  of  FUiropean  ports  for  eleven 
years  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Co.ist  in  1SS2.  He  at  first 
engaged  in  the  coasting  service  and  then  began  sailing  in  the 
Sandwich  Islands  traile,  where  be  has  since  continueil  Mr. 
Thompson  is  at  present  employed  on  the  schooner  Jennie 
Thclin. 

Thompson,  W.  C. ,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Tliompson,  Capt.  W.  II.,  Nanainio.  I)  C,  was  born  in 
Liverpool.  ICngland,  in  1848.  He  was  sailing  out  of  San  F'ran- 
cisco  in  1S70  and  was  afterward  coniieded  with  the  steamer 
/-///foil  I'uget  .Sound  for  a  short  time.  He  retired  from  the 
water  several  years  ago  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  business 
at  Napaimo. 

Tliompson,  William,  sleaui.ship  n:;"te,  was  horn  in  Germany 
in  '860.  He  began  rnnning  between  S.in  Francisco  and  I'uget 
.Sound  in  187^  on  llie  George  ."'.  Elder,  and  is  at  present  on 
tlie  .-//  A7. 

Thornton,  Henry  M.,  engineer,  was  born  ill  Australia  in 
iSfti.  He  began  steainboaling  on  the  Columbia  River  in  1877 
with  the  Oregon  Railway  ^S:  Navigation  Company,  his  first  work 
being  on  the  Idaho.  I  le  left  the  Columbia  several  years  ago  and 
has  since  been  following  bis  profession  on  I'uget  Souiicl.  F'or 
several  years  past  he  has  been  runuing  as  chief  engineer  of  the 
steamer  Sarah  M.  A'enlon. 

Thorsen.  Lars,  San  Francisco,  mate  of  steamer  Tilhiinook. 

Tibbals.  H  I,.,  Jr.,  I'ort  Townsend,  Wash  ,  steamship 
agent  and  slii])ping  commissioner,  was  born  in  I'ort  Townseml 
in  1859  and  is  a  son  of  Capt.  II.  I,.  Tibbals. 

Tibitts,  Cicorge  H.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  lierkeley,  Cal. 

Ticbenor,  A.  K.,  steamshii)  purser,  San  F'rancisco. 

Titus,  James  .\.,  engineer,  Kent,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Cali- 
fornia ill  1869.  His  first  steamboating  was  as  mate  on  the 
Comet,  but  he  soon  afterward  secured  an  engineei's  license  and 
has  since  been  connected   with   the  steamers  Jessie,  Al  h'i. 


James  McNaughl,  Susie,  Edna,  Lone  Fisherman,  Idaho,  ll'el- 
eome,  Emma  //aytcard  am\  others. 

robin,  William,  president  of  the  Steamship  Firemen's 
Association,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  i860.  He  came  to  the 
Pacific  Coa.st  in  1876,  his  first  work  being  on  the  steamship 
(ireat  Repnhlic.  He  afterward  ran  for  several  years  on  the 
Portland  and  San  Francisco  steamers  and  also  on  steamers  run- 
ning north.  Mr.  Tobin  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  Idaho  when 
she  was  wrecked  near  Race  Rocks,  and  since  that  time  has  been 
living  in  Seattle,  looking  after  the  interests  of  the  associatiou 
he  represents. 

Todd,  Donald,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Victoria  in  1853.  He  began  his  uiarine  work  as  fireman  on  the 
steamer  ll'oodside,  where  he  served  four  years,  running  for  a 
similar  length  of  time  on  the  steamer  Etta  ll'hite.  He  was 
afterward  engaged  as  second  assistant  on  the  steamers  Thistle, 
Coqnitlam,  Capilano  and  Raintiotv,  still  being  connected  with 
the  latter. 

Toffor,  H.,  master  of  sailing  ves.sels,  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1849.  He  has  been  engaged  on  coasting  schooners  since 
1870  and  is  at  present  on  the  Tu'ilighl. 

Tompkins,  B.,  steward  with  the  Columbia  &  Kootenai 
Steam  Navigation  Company,  Nelson,  B.  C. 

Tonnesen,  Jacob,  mate,  Port  Blakely,  Wash. 

Topping,  W.  F.,  agent  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation 
Company's  Oriental  Steamship  Line,  Portland,  Or. 

Tornstrom,  Capt.  W.,  was  born  in  .Stockholm,  Sweden,  in 
1.853.  He  began  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  on  the  bark 
lironles,  and  since  then  has  been  master  of  the  schooners 
Alice,  Marion,  Ida,  Florence,  Fairy  Queen,  Ivy  and  Comet. 

Towne,  Moses  J.,  engineer,  Gardiner,  Or,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1S59.  He  has  been  .steamboating  for  eight  years  on 
the  Umpqua  and  Siuslaw  rivers. 

Tracey,  Charles  H.,  engineer,  was  born  at  Nantucket, 
Mass.,  in  1854.  His  first  worlc  on  tlie  Pacific  Coast  was  at  Port 
Townseml  on  the  steamer /-Jcs/iif/f//.  He  was  also  engaged  on 
the  little  steamer  IJndenvriter,  and  was  then  for  three  years 
engineer  at  the  Spring  Valley  Water  Works  at  San  Francisco. 
On  returning  to  the  water  he  engaged  on  the  steamships 
Mexico,  Los  .Ingeles.  /'asadena,Jeanie,  Del  .Vorte  and  Oregon, 
with  the  latter  of  which  he  ran  as  first  assistant. 

Treanor,  Capt.  William,  was  born  on  Prince  Edward  Island. 
He  has  been  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1S76  and  was 
first  engaged  011  the  schooner  Trustee  until  she  was  wrecked  at 
Gray's  Harbor.  He  was  next  on  the  brig  Xorth  Star,  barkeii- 
tiiic  lVet>foot,  schooners  Fanny  Adele,  .Maid  of  Orleans  ami 
J.  M.  Coleman. 

Trebell,  John,  male,  has  been  coasting  north  from  San 
Francisco  since  1872.  He  ran  for  several  years  in  the  employ 
of  the  Pacific  Mail  .Steamship  Company,  and  was  three  years  in 
the  United  States  Navy.  He  was  second  ofiicer  on  the  steam- 
ship Crown  of  Engl-md  when  she  was  wrecked  in  1894. 

Tregonning.  W.  M.,  wharfinger  Dunsmuir  Coal  Company, 
Departure  Bay,  B.  C. 

'irewrcn,  Joseph  1'..  mate  and  pilot,  was  born  in  luiglaud 
ill  1857.  He  came  to  llie  Pacific  Coast  in  1879  and  joined  the 
I'nited  Stales  survey  steamer  .Uc.-trthur,  remaining  with  her 
for  a  year.  For  the  next  seven  years  he  w.is  in  the  trade 
between  .San  I'rancisco  and  I'uget  Sound  on  steam  and  sailing 
schooners.  In  1S87  he  joined  the  tug  A'(7;(7"  as  mate,  rnnning 
on  her  until  the  completion  of  the  Fearless,  with  which  tug  he 
has  since  remained. 

Trontmau,  Capt.  Daniel,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Indiana  in  1840  and  sailed  in  the  deeji-water  trade  for  nearly 
thirty  years.  He  came  to  I'ngel  Sound  in  i,S88  and  took  com- 
mand of  the  Puck  Hunter.  He  has  recently  been  operating 
the  steamer  Pclta. 

Trudgett,  Robert,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Trulliuger,  P.  A.,  ina.ster  and  pilot,  Astoria,  Or.,  was  born 
in  Oreg<m  in  1.855.  His  first  steamboating  was  <ii  the  Minne- 
haha, iinilt  on  Sucker  Lake.  lie  also  served  with  heron  the 
Willamette  River,  and  then  retired  from  the  water  for  several 
years.  In  1887  he  was  master  of  the  steamer  Governor  .Veu'ell 
on  'lie  lower  Columbia  River. 

I'rnmbull,  H.  A.,  engineer,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Tucker,  H.  R.,  engineer,  Bothell,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Massachusetts  in  1851.  He  was  engaged  in  the  deep-water  ser- 
vice on  sleauiships  until  1885,  when  he  came  to  I'uget  Sound 
and  joined  the  steamer  (iasellc.  He  has  since  served  as  engi- 
neer on  the  steamers  Eliza  .-bidcrson,  Edith,  Puck  Hinitcr, 
I'iolct,  Hornet  im{\  Catherine. 

Tnkey,  John  l\,  pilot,  was  born  ill  Maine  in  1831  and  came 
to  the  Northwest  in  tht  fifties.  F'or  twenty  years  he  carried 
the  mail  between  Port  Townsend  and  I'ort  Discoverv.  Mr. 
Tnkey  retired  from  the  water  several  years  ago  and  is  now 
living  on  a  farm  near  Port  Town..>end,  Wash. 


492 


Lewis  cf  Dryden's  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


Tullock,  William  K.,  retired  purser,  Victoria,  B.  C,  fol- 
lowed the  marine  business  for  twelve  years.  He  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  White  Star  line  on  tlie  Atlantic,  and  on  coming 
to  the  Pacific  entered  the  service  of  the  Occidental  &  Oriental 
Steamship  Company,  running  l)etween  San  Francisco  and 
Hongkong.  He  was  on  the  steamship  San  Pablo  when  she  was 
wrecked  on  Turnabout  Island,  and  retired  from  the  business 
soon  afterward. 

Tully,  John,  steward,  Portland,  Or. 

Tumelt",  John,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Liverpool,  England,  in  1865.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  on 
the  Abyssinia  in  1887,  and  on  arrival  joined  the  steamer  Rain- 
how  for  three  years.  He  was  afterward  on  the  Maude,  Thistle, 
Lome,  Coqulttam  and  Daisy.  Before  coming  to  the  Coast,  Mr. 
Tumelty  served  for  seven  years  on  Atlantic  steamers. 

Turk,  R.  E.,  surfman  life-saving  station.  Fort  Stevens,  Or. 

Turner,  Charles  B.,  engineer  and  boatbuilder,  Joseph, 
Wallowa  County,  Or.,  was  born  in  California  in  1854.  He  com- 
menced marine  work  on  the  steamer  General  Canby.  He  has 
recently  been  engaged  on  the  steamer  Alpha,  the  first  and  only 
steamer  on  Wallowa  Lake, 

Turner,  Harry,  mate,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Turpel,  William,  shipbuilder,  Victoria,  B.  C,  built  the 
steamer  Standard  and  many  other  well  known  vessels.  In 
1894  he  constructed  a  marine  railway  at  Victoria,  which  is  one 
of  the  most  complete  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  taking  but  fifteen 
minutes  from  the  time  the  vessel  leaves  the  water  till  she  is  in 
a  position  for  repairs. 

Twineham,  Charles,  steward,  Portland,  Or. 

Uien,  Thomas,  mate,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  began  steamboating 
on  the  North  Pacific  in  1S79  and  has  since  been  connected 
with  all  of  the  leading  steamers  on  the  Sound.  He  has 
recently  been  engaged  on  the  steamer  Typhoon. 

Valentine,  W.  B.,  pilot,  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1825.  He 
came  to  Astoria  in  1855  and  began  running  on  the  steamer 
Senorlta  as  deckhand  with  Captain  Wells.  He  went  to  the 
Chehalis  River  in  1856  on  the  schooner  General  Harney,  and 
when  the  old  steamer  Ch'halls  commenced  running  there  he 
was  engaged  with  her  for  about  a  year.  He  then  retired  from 
the  service  until  about  1883,  when  he  established  the  Montesano 
Ferry  across  the  Chehalis  River,    vhich  he  is  still  operating. 

Van  Tassel,  William,  engineer,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Veal,  John  J.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  master  of  steamer  Skide- 
gate. 

Vickery,  Hubert,  mate,  San  Francisco. 

Vierow,  August,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1H32.  He  came  to  the  IV.  if  Coast  in  1857  on  the 
brig  George  Emery,  Captain  Dryden,  landing  at  Port  Dis- 
covery, Wash.  He  then  went  to  the  I'raser  River  r  "nes, 
where  he  remained  until  1S59,  when  he  ran  the  sloop  /ilact 
Shar/t  on  the  Snohomish  River  in  the  jobbing  trade.  After 
the  Shark  was  lost  on  Cape  Flattery,  he  took  the  bark  Mal- 
lory  in  1863.  She  became  water-logged  and  was  run  into  Neah 
Bay,  where  she  soon  broke  up.  In  186S  he  began  steamboating 
on  Coos  Bay  on  the  tug  Fearless,  which  was  wrecked  in  1S73. 
Mr.  Vierow  has  retired  from  the  marine  business. 

Vivian,  Charles,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in 
England  in  1858.  He  .served  an  apprenticeship  in  Cornwall, 
England,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1882.  He  served  for 
eight  years  on  the  steamship  Oceanic,  on  which  he  was  running 
as  second  a.ssistant  when  she  ran  down  the  City  0/  Chester. 
Mr.  Vivian  has  recently  been  engaged  as  second  assistant  on 
the  steamship  Costa  Pica. 

Von  Dahlern,  G.  H.  F.,  San  Francisco,  master  of  bark 
Aureola. 

Wade,  G.  II.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Maine 
in  1856,  and  has  been  eng.iged  in  the  marine  business  since 
1H76,  commencing  on  the  Columbia  River  steamer  Lurline. 
He  was  for  many  years  engaged  on  ferry  steamers  between 
Portland  and  Albina  before  the  completion  of  the  bridges, 
and  was  afterward  on  the  steamer  Hermina  until  she  burned 
at  Willow  Bar  on  the  Columbia. 

Walker,  Donald,  shipbuilder,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
New  Brunswick  in  1829,  going  from  there  to  Oshkosh,  Wis., 
where  he  was  engaged  in  building  lake  vessels  for  twenty 
years.  Since  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  he  has  confined  his 
operations  to  repairing  vessels,  and  is  part  owner  of  the 
schooner  Carlotta  G.  Cox,  built  in  1890, 

Walker,  G,  M.,  master  and  pilot,  Portland,  Or, 

Walker,  T,  C,  engineer,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Ontario,  Canada,  in  1868  He  came  to  the  Northwest  in  1890, 
was  second  assistant  on  a  number  of  .steamers,  and  has  recently 
served  as  engineer  on  the  tugs  Agnes  and  Glide. 

Walker,  Thomas  W.,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  steward  of  steam- 
ship Empress  of  India,  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  in 
1858  He  was  one  of  the  crew  of  the  steamship  Oregon, 
wrecked  off  Fire  Island  several  years  ago. 


Walker,  William  C,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  on 
the  Isle  of  Wight  in  1867  and  has  followed  the  sea  since  he  was 
fourti'iii  years  of  age.  He  has  been  coasting  out  of  San  Fran- 
cisco lor  the  past  ten  years  and  is  at  present  second  mate  of 
the  ship  Elwell. 

Wallace,  Albert,  mate  and  second  mate  on  sailing  ves- 
sels, San  Francisco. 

Wallace,  Charles,  engineer,  San  Francisco. 

Walters,  John,  mate  and  master,  Vancouver,  B.  C,  had 
command  of  the  steamer  Vancouver  in  1891  and  has  recently 
been  engaged  as  first  officer  on  the  steamer  Como.t. 

Walton,  William  G.,  engineer,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in 
England.  He  has  been  in  the  marine  service  for  about  fourteen 
years,  ten  of  which  were  spent  on  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship 
Companv's  steamship  City  0/ Peking,  running  from  San  Fran- 
cisco to  Hongkong.  He  is  at  present  on  the  steamer  Point 
Lama,  running  to  Gray's  Harbor. 

Wann,  Fred,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Sweden 
in  i860.  He  commenced  sailing  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1880 
in  Pope  &  Talbot's  employ.  His  last  vessel  was  tde  schooner 
Glendale,  on  which  he  has  been  running  for  two  years. 

Ward,  D.  H.,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Cali- 
fornia in  1858.  He  commenced  sailing  north  in  1881  on  the 
bark  C.  O,  Whitmore  and  has  recently  been  connected  with 
the  barkentine  Amelia. 

Ward,  Robert,  master  mariner,  Victoria,  B.  C. 

Ward,  S.  F.,  engineer  on  Lake  Washington,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Warren,  Augustus,  engineer,  was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass., 
in  1837.  He  began  steamboating  on  the  Stickeen  River  in 
1875,  the  sternwheeler  Hope  being  his  first  vessel. 

Warren,  Frank  S.,  master  of  steamer  Zephyr,  Tacoma, 
Wash.,  was  born  in  New  York  and  has  been  steamboating  on 
the  Sound  since  1884. 

Warren,  W.,  engineer,  San  Francisco. 

Watkins,  Capt.  R.  J.,  Chelan,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1856.  His  first  steamboating  in  the  Northwest  was 
on  the  Pelle  on  Lake  Chelan  in  1890.  In  1894  he  built  the 
steamer  Stehei in,  which  he  has  since  been  running  on  the  lake. 

Watts,  James,  engineer.  New  Westminster,  B.  C. 

Watts,  Oscar  E.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Maine  in  1856.  He  began  sailing  on  the  bark  ll/histler  out 
of  San  Francisco  in  1877  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the 
ship  Wachussett. 

Watts,  Capt  W.,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Weatherwax,  Capt.  J.  M.,  Aberdeen,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1826.  He  is  interested  in  the  schooner  bearing 
his  name,  and  also  a  number  of  other  vessels  operated  in  con- 
nection with  his  lumber  business  at  Aberdeen. 

Weaver,  Harry  P.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  San  Francisco. 

Webb,  R.  I).,  mate  and  pilot,  Seattle,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Union  City,  Wash.  He  has  been  steamboating  on  Puget  .Sound 
since  1883,  his  first  vessel  having  been  the  Josephine. 

Webber,  Charles,  mate  and  ntaster,  was  born  in  Germany 
in  i860  and  has  been  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1873.  He 
has  run  as  mate  on  a  large  number  of  well  known  coasting 
vessels,  and  is  at  present  on  the  Nonantum. 

Weber,  Capt.  Henry,  was  born  in  Germany  in  1862.  His 
first  work  in  the  Northwest  was  as  ((uartermaster  on  the 
steamer  Olympian  in  1S84.  He  was  also  on  the  tug  Kichard 
Holyoke  and  various  other  Sound  steamers,  and  for  two  years 
was  owner  and  master  of  the  steanieryy^  on  Hood's  Canal, 

Webster,  Charles  A.,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

Weeks,  Philip  W.,  shipping  master,  Astoria,  Or, 

Weiss,  William,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Weiss,  William,  engineer,  Whatcom,  Wash,,  was  born  in 
Germany  in  i860.  He  began  steamboating  in  the  Northwest 
on  the  Fraser  River  steamer  Gem  in  1879  and  is  at  present 
engineer  of  the  steamer  Edna  at  Whatcom. 

Welch,  John  W.,  master  and  pilot,  Astoria,  Or. 

Welch,  Madison,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Welden,  George,  first  assistant  engineer  on  United  States 
steamer  Mamanita,  Astoria,  Or. 

Wescott,  William,  mate  and  second  mate  on  coasting 
steamships,  has  been  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  since  1880. 
He  has  recently  been  connected  with  the  steamship  Al  Ki. 

West,  Capt.  Fred  C,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Westerman,  George,  engineer,  Olalla,  Wash. 

Wheeler,  Capt.  Roscoe,  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  Glou- 
cester, Mass.,  in  1832.  He  commenced  his  marine  work  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  1866  and  for  the  past  twenty  years  has  owned 
and  rr.n  the  tug  Lottie. 

Whelan,  Capt.  Thomas,  Bothell,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia,   Penn.,    in    1865.     He   commenced  steamboating    on 


was  born  on 
since  he  was 
of  San  Fran- 
cond  mate  of 

sailing  ves- 


r,  B.  C,  had 
has  recently 
i.r. 

I,  was  born  in 
bout  fourteen 
lil  Steamship 
jm  San  I'ran- 
iteamer  Point 

rn  in  Sweden 
Coast  in  1880 
tje  schooner 
ears. 

born  in  Cali- 
3  1881  on  the 
jnnected  with 


Seattle,  Wash. 

^owell,  Mass., 

een    River  in 

1. 

hyr,  Taconia, 

amboating  on 


rn  in  Pennsyl- 
lorthwest  was 
4  he  built  the 
igon  the  lake. 
).  C. 

was    born   in 

Whistler  out 

ngaged  on  the 


was  born  in 
Doner  bearinK 
;rated  in  coii- 

»an  Francisco, 
was  born  in 
i'uget  Sound 

K". 

in  Germany 
ice  1S73.  He 
lown  coasting 

in  1862.     His 

iiaster   on  the 

ttiK  Kicliaid 

for  two  years 
d's  Canal. 

Or. 

was  born  in 
he  Northwest 
is  at  present 

)r. 

United  States 

on  coasting 
CO  since  1880. 
lip  Al  A'i. 


born  in  Glou- 
le  work  on  the 
ars  has  owned 

born  in  Phila- 
imboating    on 


Marine  Men  Engaged  in  the  Waters  of  the  Northwest 


493 


Puget  Sound  on  the  Idaho  in  1881  and  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  little  steamer  Oiiri  //miter  on  I.,ake  Wash- 
ington. 

White,  Capt.  Thomas  I).,  Marshiield,  Or,,  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  i,S66.  He  commenced  his  marine  service  on  Coos  Hay 
in  iS89aud  has  had  charge  of  the  steamers  Coos,  y'arro  and 
others. 

White,  William  H.,  steward,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  commenced 
on  the  Otter  in  18K2  and  has  recently  been  engaged  on  the 
Zephyr. 

Whitehead,  A.,  shipbuilder,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Whitehead,  Fdward  K..  mate,  Portland,  Or. 

Whitfield,  Capt.  William,  Snohomish,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
London,  Englan(l,  in  1846.  The  greater  part  of  his  marine 
work  has  been  as  purser,  and  in  that  capacity  he  ran  witli 
Captain  Low  on  the  steamer  Nil/if,  Captain  Merwin  on  the 
/('.  A'.  A/er:i'iii,  Capt.  Daniel  Henson  on  the  City  0/  (Jiiiiiey, 
and  Capt.  Henry  Bailey  on  the  Mabel. 

Whitney,  Albert,  master  of  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in 
Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1841.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the  bark 
/Raphael  for  twelve  years,  ten  of  which  he  has  been  master. 

Whitney,  Oeorge  II.,  mate  on  steam  colliers,  was  born  in 
New  Brunswick  in  1859.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coa.st  in  ifi.S^ 
with  the  steamship  llaiinird  Castle,  on  which  he  was  engaged 
for  two  years  as  second  and  first  mate.  When  the  Castle  was 
lost  he  joined  the  H'ellinffton,  and  has  since  served  on  nearly 
all  of  the  best  known  colliers  running  north. 

Whitney,  Capt.  William,  was  born  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  in 
1842,  anil  commenced  sailing  out  of  his  native  port  at  the  age 
of  eleven.  He  first  arrived  on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1858,  going 
at  once  to  the  mines,  where  he  remained  for  a  year.  On  his 
return  he  joined  the  schooner  F.  /'.  Hreen  in  the  Shoalwater 
Bay  oyster  trade.  He  was  afterward  master  of  the  schooner 
and  has  since  had  command  of  a  number  of  coasting  vessels. 
He  was  master  of  the  Corona  when  she  was  lost  near  Mendo- 
cino, and  is  at  present  in  charge  of  the  9,c\\oo\\tr  Jessie  Miner. 

Wliitson,  Thomas,  San  F'rancisco,  mate  on  sailing  vessels. 

Wielke,  I'red.  San  h'rancisco,  second  mate  on  schooner 
A/oha. 

Wikander,  I".,  Kureka,  Cal.,  mate  and  second  mate  on 
sailing  vessels. 

Wikmen,  John  A,,  male  on  sailing  vessels. 

Wilcox,  H.  Iv.,  keeper  of  the  Coos  Bay  Life-saving  Station. 

Wilke,  P.  M.,  mate,  San  I'rancisco. 

Wilkie,  Robert,  mate,  Portland,  Or. 

Wilkius,  George,  mate  of  bark  J/cjVear,  was  Imrn  in  Ger- 
many in  184H  and  has  been  coa.sting  north  from  San  Francisco 
since  1H6S. 

Willey,  tieorge  II.,  jjurser,  Olympia,  Wash. 

Willey,  Capt.  I.afa\elle,  is  a  native  of  Maine  and  began 
steamboating  on  the  .Snsie  on  Puget  Sound  in  1877.  He  is  at 
present  master  of  the  steamer  Miillnoinah. 

Willey,  P.  L.,  Olympia,  Wash.,  master  of  steamer  ('ily  of 
Aberdeen. 

Willey,  SiMnuel,  was  botu  in  Maine  in  1S26  and  arrived  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  in  1859.  He  began  the  steamboat  business  at 
(Jlympia  in  1H80  with  the  steamer  Susie,  which  he  sold  in  i8S,^ 
and  bought  the  Willey.  In  1889  he  bought  the  steamer 
Mullnotnah. 

Williams,  A.  J.,  engineer,  Bolhell,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Penu.  He  has  been  in  the  marine  business  for 
thirty  years,  most  of  the  time  on  Atlantic  Coast  steamships. 
He  commenced  on  Puget  Sound  in  1S88  on  the  steamer 
I'olitkoj'sky. 

Williams,  Albert  J.,  engineer,  Bothell,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  18.16.  He  has  been  engaged  on  the  steamer 
/)uck  l/iinler  on  Lake  Washington  for  several  years. 

Williams.  Capl.  C.  II.,  I'agle  Harbor,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
New  York  City  in  185,5.  "e  built  the  steamer  Tolo  in  18.S9  and 
ran  her  four  years. 

Williams,  Charles,  mate,  was  born  in  Norway  in  1864.  He 
began  .sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  on  the  barkeutine  Tain 
O'Shanter,  and  was  afterward  on  the  //arvestet,  Oeeidenlal 
and  Wiliniiij^toii.  He  was  master  of  the  schooner  .Vary  I'arker 
and  lias  also  served  on  the  tugs  //olyoke,  .Uastirk,  Mogul  and 
Taeoiiia.     Mr.  Williams  is  al  present  on  the  steamer  /Iriek 

Williams,  Charles  II.,  engineer.  Gig  Harbor,  Wash. 

Williams,  Capt.  G.  W.,  Handoii,  Or,,  wius  born  ip  Indiana 
ill  1842  and  coiumeiiced  steamboating  on  the  Snake  River  on 
the  Annie  Faxon  in  i,S86.  He  has  not  been  in  active  service 
for  several  ye.irs  but  is  interested  in  the  steamers  tiandorille 
and  Cold  Catheier. 

Williams,  !L  Iv,  engineer.  Gig  Harbor,  Wash. 

Williams,  James,  master  mariner,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 


Williams,  John,  engineer,  Victoria,  B.  C,  was  born  in 
Norfolk,  Va.,  in  1S31.  He  served  in  the  United  States  Navy 
four  years  during  the  Civil  War,  three  years  of  which  he  was 
on  the  monitor  Eriesson  and  one  year  on  the  iXiagara.  He 
came  to  British  Columbia  about  1876  011  the  bark  Clen  Fruin, 
which  he  left  at  Victoria.  He  then  went  to  Puget  Sound  and 
joined  the  revenue  cutter  Oliver  Wohott,  where  he  remained 
eight  years,  most  of  the  time  as  fireman.  He  then  worked  in 
the  Albion  Iron  Works  at  Victoria  for  three  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  he  returned  to  the  water  as  chief  engineer 
of  the  steamer  i\ell.  He  was  afterward  engineer  on  the 
steamer  Cariboo  and  Fly,  .Spralt's  .Irk,  /iinma,  anil  was  second 
assistant  on  the  steamer  /leaver.  He  served  for  a  long  time  as 
fireman  on  the  steamers  Otter,  /loscou'itz  and  .Sardonyx.  Mr. 
Williams  has  recently  been  employed  as  chief  engineer  of  the 
( 'arilioo  and  Fly. 

Williams,  Samuel,  master  of  steamer  /larbara  /io.voiL'ih,  is 
a  native  of  Kngland  and  began  steamboating  in  the  Northwest 
about  1872.  Most  of  his  work  has  been  on  northern  routes  out 
of  Victoria. 

Williams,  T.  A.,  engineer,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1S60 
and  commenced  his  marine  service  in  the  Aspinwall  line. 
Since  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast  he  has  served  as  second  and 
first  assistant  on  a  large  number  of  coasting  steamers  running 
north  from  San  Francisco. 

Williams,  Theo.  O.,  Port  Madison,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
New  York  City  in  1827  and  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1849. 
He  ran  for  a  while  as  second  mate  on  the  steamship  Ceneral 
Warren,  leaving  her  in  1S51  to  go  to  the  mines.  He  was  after- 
ward mate  on  the  J.eonosa,  but  left  her  to  go  to  the  Fraser 
River  diggings.  On  returning  from  there  he  ran  as  mate  on 
the  steamer  Resolute,  Captain  Guindon.  After  retiring  from 
the  water  Mr.  Williams  was  elected  sheriff  of  Kitsap  County, 
Wash.,  and  has  held  the  office  four  terms. 

Williams,  William,  Ballard,  Wash.,  was  bom  in  Camden, 
N.  J.,  in  1841.  He  came  round  the  Horn  in  1861  as  third  male 
on  tile  Storm  King,  and  afterward  ran  as  first  mate  on  the 
barks  Victor  and  Winduaid,  and  steamer  Constitution.  He 
built  the  sloop  Jupiter  and  is  now  her  master. 

Wilson,  Augustus,  steward,  San  Francisco. 

WiLsoii,  Capt.  Charles  K.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Wilson,  Capt.  Iv  F.,  Bay  Center,  Wash.,  was  born  at  Port- 
land, Or.,  in  1856.  He  has  been  steamboating  on  Shoalwater 
Bay  since  1884  and  is  master  and  half  owner  of  the  steamer 
Favoiite. 

Wilson,  K.  J.,  mate.  Bay  Center,  Wash. 

Wilson,  F.  P.,  mate,  Astoria,  Or. 

Wilson,  Capt.  I'.  A.,  Olympia,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Oregon 
and  commeuced  steamboating  on  the  Messenger  on  Puget 
Sound  in  1883. 

Wilson,  F.  F.,  engineer,  Citur  d'Alene,  Idaho,  was  born  in 
Louisiana  in  1865.  He  commenced  his  marine  career  on  the 
Mississippi  River  anil  came  to  C(i-'ur  d'Aleue  in  1887.  He  has 
since  been  connected  with  the  steamers  A/<?//(^  Ca'ur  d\-ilene, 
lOiotenai,  Volunteer,  Amelia  II  heaton  and  .SV.  Joe. 

Wilson,  II.,  Portland,  Or.,  master  of  bark  A'ilty. 

WMson,  Henry,  engineer,  Colby,  Wasli,.  was  born  in  New- 
York  in  1850.  He  has  been  iu  the  in^-ine  business  for  twenty- 
five  years  and  sailed  as  master  on  tiie  Great  Lakes  for  eight 
years.  He  came  to  Pugei  Sound  in  188.S  and  has  since  been 
engaged  on  the  Fanny  /.ake.  Mascot,  /ola,  and  a  number  of 
other  steamers, 

Wilson,  J.  P.,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  born  in  Finland 
in  1S44.  He  has  been  sailiug  north  from  San  Frar.cisco  since 
1867  and  was  second  mate  on  the  bark  /)avid  //oadley  when  she 
was  wrecked. 

Wilson,  James  S.,  engineer,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Wilson,  Oscar,  engineer,  Astoria,  Or. 

Wilson,  Thomas,  engiueer.  Victoria,  H.  C. 

Winian,  Capt.  Chance,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  was  born  in  Canada 
ill  1S64.  He  commenced  steamboating  011  the  Mes.\enger  on 
Puget  Sound  in  1SS3  and  has  since  been  engaged  on  the  /.oltie, 
Clara  /lro7en,  /■'stelle.  /)es  A/oines  and  others, 

Winchester,  J.  R.,  master  of  bark  Therinopyhr. 

Windrow,  John,  .Sau  Francisco,  master  of  ship  Tico 
llrothers. 

Wiiikel,  George,  mate,  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1866.  He 
came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1886  and  has  been  running  as  mate 
on  lumber  steamers  since  that  time.  He  has  recently  been 
engaged  on  the  Novelty. 

Winney,  Ned,  chief  engineer  of  steamship  /ionita. 

Wise,  Capt.  Frmik  W.,  was  born  iu  Boston,  Mass.,  iu  1S40. 
He  began  his  marine  career  in  the  Nnrtluvest  on  the  Ilolladay 
steamships  running  north  from  San  I'rancisco,  filling  the  posi- 
tion of  first  officer  on  the  /daho,  OriJIamine,  /'acijic,  California 


494 


Lewis  cf  Dryden'a  Marine  History  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 


and  Del  Norte.  In  1869  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Pacific 
Mall  Steamship  Company,  most  of  the  time  in  the  China  trade, 
and  for  a  portion  of  the  time  having  command  of  the  steam- 
ships Golden  Age  and  Oregonian.  Hrom  1878  to  1881  he  was 
first  officer  on  the  City  of  Panama,  running  to  the  Isthmus  and 
later  was  in  command  of  the  Salvador,  which  sprang  a  leak  in 
1882  and  was  run  ashore,  soon  after  leaving  Puntn  Arenas  en 
route  for  San  Francisco.  In  1883  Captain  Wise  was  first  officer 
on  the  steamship  Alameda  of  the  Spreckels  line,  running  to 
Honolulu,  and  in  1884  held  a  similar  position  on  the.SVin  Pablo, 
leaving  her  in  1885  to  come  to  Victoria,  where  he  has  since 
remained  as  superintendent  of  the  outer  wharf. 

Wine,  Capt.  James,  New  Westminster,  H.  C,  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1833  and  arrived  at  Victoria  on  the  bark  Live  Yankee 
when  she  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  He  brought  a  whalehnat 
with  him  and  began  freighting  and  lioating  between  Victoria, 
Vale  and  Bellingham  Bay.  He  continued  in  this  business  until 
1875,  when  he  engaged  in  the  salmon-packing  industry  on  the 
Fraser  River. 

Wolfe,  Henry,  secretary  of  the  Nanaimo  branch  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  Seamen's  Union,  was  born  in  Bristol,  England,  in 
1854.  He  came  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1868  and  has  been 
engaged  on  sailing  vessels  most  of  the  time  since. 

Wolters,  Henry  J.,  engineer,  has  been  running  out  of  San 
Francisco  since  1878  and  has  recently  been  connected  with  the 
steamships  Mexico  and  Utnatilla. 

Wood,  Robert,  engineer.  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  was  born 
in  Ontario,  Canada,  in  1868.  He  has  followed  steaniboating  for 
the  last  ten  years  and  is  at  present  connected  wiih  the  tug  Tyee. 

Wood,  Z.  C,  mate  and  master,  Portland,  Or.,  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  1847.  He  began  steaniboating  on  the  Willamette  River 
on  the  Alice  in  1876,  and  afterward  ran  on  the  Bonan::a, 
Calliope,  Salem,  Harvest  Moon,  Frankfort,  Vulcan  and  Toledo. 

Woods,  Charles,  engineer.  West  Seattle,  Wash. 

Woodward,  Herbert,  master  mariner,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Works,  E.  H.,  engineer,  Portland,  Or. 

Wreushall,  H.,  shipbuilder,  Bandon,  Or. 


Wrenshall,  William  C,  shipbuilder,  Bandon,  Or.,  was  born 
in  England  in  1836.  He  worked  at  his  trade  in  England  and 
in  Canada  before  coming  to  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Wright,  C.  A.,  Ainsworlb,  B.  C,  purser  of  steamer  Nelson, 

Wright,  C.  W.,  engineer,  Snohomish,  Wash.,  commenced 
his  marine  career  on  the  Mississippi  River,  where  he  served  as 
engineer  for  twelve  years.  He  came  to  Piiget  Sound  in  iHyi 
and  has  since  been  engaged  there  on  the  steamers  Minnie  M., 
.Uonle  Crislo,  Mamie  nnd  Lilly. 

Wright,  Capt.  Thomas  A,,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Penn., 
in  1838.  Most  of  his  marine  work  has  been  with  the  Pacific 
Mail  and  Occidental  &  Oriental  steamship  companies,  running 
to  China.     He  has  also  been  engaged  on  colliers  running  north, 

Wyman.  Fred  E.,  pilot,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1866.  He 
began  steaniboating  on  Puget  Sound  in  1879  on  the  Comet  in 
the  White  River  trade.  He  has  since  been  engaged  on  different 
steamers  on  the  Sound,  on  the  Columbia  River,  and  in  Alaska. 

Wynkoop,  Edward,  purser,  Portland,  Or. 

Wyson,  O.,  engineer.  New  Whatcom,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1853  and  couimeiiced  his  marine  service  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River.  He  came  to  Puget  Sound  in  1881  and  was  first 
engaged  on  the  steamer  Hob  Irving.  He  has  since  been 
employed  on  nearly  all  the  small  steamers  on  the  Sound. 

Yocum,  Moses,  engineer,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1850 
and  commenced  his  marine  career  iu  the  Northwest  on  the 
steamer  General  Miles  in  1882.  He  remained  with  the  Miles 
and  other  steamers  of  the  Ilwaco  Railway  &  Navigation  Com- 
pany for  several  years.  For  the  past  five  or  six  years  he  has 
been  engaged  on  the  steamer  Alliance,  an<l  was  chief  engineer 
of  that  vessel,  with  Captain  Peterson,  when  she  rescued  the 
ship  Moel  Tryvan  from  the  breakers  at  Shoalwater  Bay. 

Young,  Gilbert,  mate  on  sailing  vessels,  was  horn  in  Nor- 
way in  1857.  He  has  been  sailing  out  of  San  Francisco  since 
1880  aud  has  recently  been  engaged  as  second  mate  on  the  ship 
J)ominioH. 

Young,  H.  A.,  New  Westminster,  B.  C,  master  of  tug  Iris 
on  Fraser  River. 

Zumwalt,  J.  D.,  mate,  Portland,  Or. 


'-.»•<••: 


)r. ,  was  born 
ingland  and 

tiier  Nelson. 
commenced 
le  served  us 
nnd  in  iSi^i 
Minnie  M., 

phia,  Penn., 

I  tlie  Pacific 
ies,  running 
ining  nortli. 

II  i«66.  He 
lie  Cornel  in 

on  different 
1  in  Alaska. 


vas  born  in 
1  tbe  Missis- 
nd  was  first 
since  been 
lound. 
ania  in  1850 
west  on  llie 
li  tlie  iViles 
[ation  Corn- 
ears  be  bas 
ief  engineer 
rescued  the 
Bay. 

orn  in  Nor- 
ncisco  since 
on  tbe  sbip 

r  of  tug  Iris 


